Isaiah was stripped of his monkhood days after the incident.
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" The army and monkhood, he continued, "could not be separated.
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"This [period in the monkhood] is their time to practice meditation," he says.
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Suttarchai entered the monkhood at fourteen, when his mother noticed his interest in Buddhism.
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Traditionally, all Buddhist Thai men are meant to enter monkhood for a time at age 20.
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In Thai tradition, boys often enter the monkhood for brief periods to meditate and perform charity work.
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They can be relaxing, and even beneficial since it lets them connect with young people outside the monkhood.
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He undertook a stint in the Buddhist monkhood and developed a keen interest in the environment and rural development.
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He will fully be dismissed from the monkhood once he performs a ceremony in front of another senior monk.
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The monkhood, or sangha, is as popular as ever with an estimated 500,000 members—almost 1% of the population.
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While he ultimately failed, Byoto's "vision of an internationalized Thai monkhood would in many ways prove prophetic," Ford writes.
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Coach Ekapol "Ake" Chanthawong remained in his Buddhist robe, as he has committed to an extended period in the monkhood.
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As soon as their brief monkhood ends, the Wild Boars will begin new lives, most likely in the public eye.
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Wirapol, formerly known by his monastic name Luang Pu Nenkham, was expelled from the monkhood in 2013 after the video surfaced.
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"There has been a conflict of interests between factions within the monkhood and the military government," said Buddhist scholar Somrit Luechai.
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"What the monkhood is doing is tightening control for the sake of their own legitimacy," Somrit Luechai a Buddhism scholar Somrit Luechai told Reuters.
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Buddhist males in Thailand are traditionally expected eo enter the monkhood at some point in their lives to show gratitude, often towards their parents.
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Later that year, he was expelled from the monkhood after being accused of having sexual intercourse - a grave offence for monks - with an underage girl.
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For talented scholars, the monkhood can open a path to a master's degree or a PhD, not just in Buddhist studies but also in English.
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"I have zero other possessions," he writes, and thanks to this, he has found peace as a wandering techno-ascetic — Silicon Valley's version of Zen monkhood.
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The Mandalay event aimed to "tighten the relationship between both Myanmar and Thailand (and) unite the Theravada monkhood" in the region, according to a Dhammakaya Foundation press release.
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Upon his return, Wiraphon was forced to leave the monkhood, according to DSI spokeswoman Woranan Srilum, and later images, after he was defrocked, show him wearing plain white clothes.
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Drawing from his years in the monkhood, Mr. Ekkapol, 25, taught the boys he coached to meditate in the cave to stay calm and pass the time while trapped.
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The coach, who had previously spent 10 years in the monkhood, guided the boys in meditation to keep them calm while they were stuck in the Tham Luang Cave.
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Buddhist males in Thailand are traditionally expected to enter the monkhood, often as novices, at some point in their lives to show gratitude, often toward their parents for raising them.
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After his parents died in Myanmar when he was a young boy, he entered the Buddhist monkhood in Thailand for nearly a decade, a common option for orphans untethered from financial support.
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A government-appointed body that oversees Myanmar's Buddhist monkhood, the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, issued a statement this week saying it had never endorsed the nationalist and anti-Muslim Ma Ba Tha.
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Those who will be ordained in the ceremony will dedicate their act of entering the monkhood to the former Thai Navy SEAL who died volunteering to help rescue the boys in the cave.
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Buddhist males in predominantly Buddhist Thailand are traditionally expected to ordain and enter the monkhood, often as novices, at some point in their lives to show gratitude, often toward their parents for raising them.
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Over the next two days, I spoke with three men in different phases of the monkhood—a monk, a novice, and a former monk—about how games intersect with a lifestyle of dedicated Buddhism.
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The entrance of the 11 into monkhood represented a new beginning after an ordeal that brought together thousands of volunteers from around the world, and that thrust the young Thais into the international spotlight.
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Surapot Taweesak, a Buddhist scholar, said the controversy showed the reforms of Buddhism that took place under the previous military government, which aimed to clean up temples and the monkhood stalked by scandals, have failed.
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What was an ultimately unsuccessful effort to draw the monkhood out of its political quietism swiftly mutated into an anti-progressive force, and continued to endure as a dark cloud over the region's politics in subsequent decades.
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The partnership early on faced two challenges: Thailand had to keep up the appearance that the conservative monkhood was segregated from the political realm, while adherence to the First Amendment prevented any direct U.S. involvement in Thailand's religious affairs.
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Although most coronation ceremonies for Thai kings follow Hindu Brahmin traditions, some Buddhist elements were added by the monarch's great-great grandfather King Mongkut, or Rama IV, because he spent 27 years in monkhood before inheriting the throne, scholars said.
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Richard Horsey, a political analyst and one of the authors of a new report on Buddhist Nationalism by the International Crisis Group, says these fears are also a reflection of what modernity could mean for the monkhood as Myanmar opens up to the world under the new government of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi.
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In this case, said Praphun Khomjoi, chief of the regional branch of the National Office of Buddhism, the boys were dedicating the act of entering the monkhood to a volunteer diver and former Thai navy SEAL, Saman Gunan, who died while diving during a mission to supply the cave with oxygen tanks essential to helping the boys&apos rescue.
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Afterwards he made up his mind to enter the monkhood.
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He was initiated into Sannyasa (monkhood) in 1917 by Swami Brahmananda in Madras.
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Some scholars criticized this, citing the destruction of traditional Buddhist education and the politicization of Buddhist monkhood.
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Ekkathat asked his old rival and brother Uthumphon to leave the monkhood, and made him the commander-in-chief.
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He is a disciple of Acharya Ramchandrasuri and was initiated into monkhood on 29 April 1979 along with his elder brother Muni Mohjit Vijayji.
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57 It is where many royal princes and kings studied and served their monkhood, including King BhumibolMacdonald 2009, p. 108 and his son, the present king Vajiralongkorn.
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Ranjit Maharaj was born on 4 January 1913. In 1924 he met Siddharameshwar Maharaj. The following year he was initiated by Siddharameshwar Maharaj. In 1934, at the age of 21 he took initiation to monkhood.
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Presumably these obstacles made him return to the United States in late 1994, renounce monkhood and get married in 1995. However, after a self-imposed two-year exile, Erdne re-embraced his mission and returned to Kalmykia.
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During the Chinese Civil War, he left the monkhood and went to Taiwan in 1949 by enlisting in a unit of the Nationalist Army. After leaving the army Sheng Yen returned to monkhood and became recognized as a Dharma Heir in both the Linji and Caodong traditions. Sheng Yen was a 57th generational dharma heir of Linji Yixuan in the Linji school (Japanese: Rinzai) and a third-generation dharma heir of Hsu Yun. In the Caodong (Japanese: Sōtō) lineage, Sheng Yen was a 52nd-generation Dharma heir of Dongshan Liangjie (807-869), and a direct Dharma heir of Dongchu (1908–1977).
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Daming Temple () is a temple located at the middle peak of Shugang Mountain, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. This temple is known for a famous monk, Jianzhen, who studied the sutras and initiated people into monkhood here in 742 AD before he left for Japan.
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Mahapragya himself is a great practitioner of meditation. He has also written extensively on these topics. He started practicing mantra and meditation with his initiation to monkhood. In his twenties he started delving deeper into meditation and realized his profound interest for it.
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He was born Paw Tun Aung, son of U Mra and Daw Aung Kwa Pyu, in Rupa, Sittwe District,Ba Yin, pp. 28–29 in western Burma on 28 December 1879. Paw Tun Aung assumed the religious name Ottama when he entered the Buddhist monkhood.
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He later left this temple as well and moved to Wat Nak Prokand before eventually leaving monkhood completely in 2007. After disrobing, Laohavanich ran an unsuccessful bid for the Thai parliament in the 2007 Thai General Election as a member of the Chart Thai Party.
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His father insisted he continued his studies abroad. After leaving the monkhood he went to England and under King Chulalongkorn's sponsorship studied at Rugby School. He then went on to study Oriental Languages at Merton College, Oxford (namely Pali and Sanskrit) and graduated with second-class honours.
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He then decided to re-enter monkhood in order to be in a better position to teach the people. The ordination was made on February 3, 1960. After realizing Dhamma, Luangpor Teean traveled around Thailand. Wherever he went to he taught the true messages of the Dhamma.
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In 12 years he passed the 12 grades of monkhood and took the highest vows. After completing his intensive studies at Narthang he left to continue at specialist monasteries in Central Tibet, his grounding at Narthang was revered among many he encountered.Mullin 2001, pp. 54, 56.
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Samdech Preah Agga Mahā Sangharājādhipati Tep Vong (, ; born 12 January 1932) is a Cambodian Buddhist monk, currently the Great Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia, known for his role in re-establishing the Cambodian monkhood after the Pol Pot period and for his links to dominant political leaders since the 1980s.
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Sri Ranjit Maharaj (1913–2000) met Siddharameshwar Maharaj in 1924. The following year he was initiated by Siddharameshwar Maharaj. In 1934, at the age of 24, he took initiation to monkhood. Only in 1983, at the age of 70, initiated his first disciple, Shri Siddharameshwar Maharajs granddaughter in law.sadguru.
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The four pārājikas (lit. "defeats") are rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life. If a monk breaks any one of the rules he is automatically "defeated" in the holy life and falls from monkhood immediately. He is not allowed to become a monk again in his lifetime.
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He remained the sole leader of Cambodian Buddhism until 1991. Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords on October 23, which made former king Norodom Sihanouk head of state, the monkhood was once again divided into Mahanikay and Dhammayut orders. Royal titles were also re-introduced in the monkhood.Marston 2009, p.
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The prosecution charged him with insurrection but released him on bail terms. In July 2014 he was ordained to the Buddhist monkhood in Wat Tha Sai, Surat Thani. He took the monastic name of Prapakaro and took up abode at the Suan Mokkh meditation centre in Chaiya District (Surat Thani Province).
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King Mongkut and party viewing a solar eclipse, the king seated center in the middle of the pavilion The King with his heir Prince Chulalongkorn, both in naval uniforms During his monkhood, Mongkut studied both indigenous astrology and English texts on Western astronomy and mathematics, hence developing his skills in astronomical measurement.
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Acharya Mahapragya died on 9 May 2010 at 2:52 pm(aged 89) in Sardarshahar, in Churu district, the place where he gained monkhood. Subsequently, Acharya Maha Shraman was chosen the 11th acharya of Jain Terapanth, previously Acharya Mahapragya had made Acharya Shri Mahasharman the Yuvacharya of the Terapanth sect at Gangashahar (Bikaner) in 1997.
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He enters the monkhood as a novice to get educated, excelling at military skills and love magic. Khun Chang is ugly and stupid, but rich and well-connected at the Ayutthaya court. By age 15, Phim is the belle of Suphanburi. She meets Phlai Kaeo when putting food in his almsbowl at Songkran (Thai New Year).
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Luang Pu Sodh ordained another British monk, Peter Morgan, with the name Paññāvaḍḍho Bhikkhu. After his death he would continue under the guidance of Ajahn Maha Bua. Phra Paññāvaḍḍho remained in the monkhood until his death in 2004, when he had ordained for the longest of all westerners in Thailand. He hardly ever returned to the West, however.
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Jessadabodindra was crowned as Rama III. Prince Mongkut then stayed in his monkhood to avoid political intrigues. Prince Chutamani, however, entered the government under Nangklao and was awarded the title "Kromma Khun Isaret- rangsant". Kromma Khun Isaret moved to the Thonburi Palace, where he lived with his mother Queen Sri Suriyendra until her death in 1836.
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Moreover, after consuming the ghost's offerings, he feels like he has been followed by the ghost. Pey then decides to leave the monkhood. The aged abbot begs him to stay, hoping that the religion could clean his mind a little bit more. But Pey flings the abbot down to the floor and continues to walk out of the forest.
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Aung Nyein had spent nine years practicing and gaining proficiency in the aforesaid arts. In 1971, he went back to Zoke Thoke village. On the 1st Waxing Day of Kason 1333 ME, he was fully ordained to monkhood at 7:50 am on Thursday (25 April 1971) at Khanda Sima (ordination hall). He was then named U Pannadipa.
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Kwan grows despondent. His father urges him to enter the monkhood to wash away his bad luck. Kwan then goes to take a drink of water, and sees blood in the drinking gourd. He then breaks down and apologizes to his father for being ungrateful, and promises to be ordained the next day "if I'm still alive".
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When he was finished education in primary 6, he became a monk. Next, from pay of temple he became a monk, he was educated until he finished education in secondary 3 from Ku Khan Rat Banrung School. Then, he left the Buddhist monkhood. He went to work in Bangkok, and met with Pamon Anothai, famous songwriter.
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Bour Kry was born in Battambang and was ordained as a Buddhist monk in 1963. His early years in the monkhood were devoted to the study of the Pali Canon. In the following years, he was given the spiritual post of Secretary of the Mekon and appointed to the head of a monastery on the Thai-Cambodian border.
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At the age of 21 he ordained as a bhikkhu at the temple with the same preceptor. He was made kru sotr, or second-ranking monk of the temple in 1956. Like almost all Cambodian monks, he was forced to leave the monkhood during the 1975-9 Pol Pot period.Krasuan Brah Parmarajavamn (2003)Harris, Ian (2007) Buddhism Under Pol Pot.
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He used to give more importance to education and established several libraries and Pathshala (religious schools) in Punjab. Later Vallabhsuri, his disciple, built many schools, hospitals and educational institutes. He was given the title of Navyug Nirmata (builder of a new era) by Vallabhsuri. His monkhood lineage has large number of ascetics which roughly covers of all current ascetics of Tapa Gaccha.
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Kalyani Ordination Hall in Bago, Myanmar. In Burmese, ordination halls are called thein (), derived from the Pali term , which means "boundary." The thein is a common feature of Burmese monasteries (kyaung), although the thein may be not necessarily be located on the monastery compound itself. Shan ordination halls, called sim (သိမ်ႇ), are exclusively used for events limited to the monkhood.
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Tatchakorn Yeerum (; ; ; formerly Phanom Yeerum (; ); born 5 February 1976), better known internationally as Tony Jaa and in Thailand as Jaa Phanom (; ; ), is a Thai martial artist, actor, action choreographer, stuntman, director and former Buddhist monk.Twitch Film, suney maswiti Malawian ://twitchfilm.net/news/2010/05/ong-bak-star-tony-jaa-joins-the-monkhood.php ONG BAK Star Tony Jaa Joins The Monkhood.] 28 May 2010.
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According to tradition Bodhidharma was given this name by his teacher known variously as Panyatara, Prajnatara, or Prajñādhara. His name prior to monkhood is said to be Jayavarman. Bodhidharma is associated with several other names, and is also known by the name Bodhitara. Faure notes that: Tibetan sources give his name as "Bodhidharmottara" or "Dharmottara", that is, "Highest teaching (dharma) of enlightenment".
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He joined the sangha after reaching the reaching the age of full ordination of twenty, and remained at the monastery for another eleven years before leaving the monkhood. He then took up a career in the royal court of King Mongkut (Rama IV, r. 1851–1868), receiving the title Khun Prasitaksorasat and later becoming head of the Aksonphimphakan royal press. Under King Chulalongkorn (Rama V, r.
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He was later initiated in Samvegi order of Shvetambara Jain monk and was given new name, Muni Jinvijay. He learned Sanskrit and Prakrit literature under Kantivijay, a Jain ascetic from Patan, Gujarat. Being bored of conventional life of ascetic, he renounced monkhood and decided to live as a professor. He joined Gujarat Vidyapith as a principal of archeology department for few years on invitation of Mahatma Gandhi.
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In 1970 he was invited to attend The Second Spiritual Summit Conference to be held in April in Geneva, Switzerland. Jain monks are traditionally not permitted to travel overseas.Iconoclastic Jain Leader Is Likened to Pope John, New York Times, GEORGE DUGAN, December 18, 1973, He gave up monkhood in 1970 to attend the Summit, and became an ordinary shravaka. He also married Pramoda in 1971.
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He took his novice monkhood title of Wisara. He was 23. In the next decade, the young monk studied grammar, Pali language, and Theravada canon under the tutelage of different learned sayadaws in Upper Burma (Magyibok, Pyinmana, Chaung-U, Mandalay, and Pakokku). While studying, he taught classes in monastic schools at the Kan Oo monastery in Pyinmana, and at the Maha Withudarama monastery in Pakkoku.
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While studying, he learned of a set of teachings taking place in central Tibet. At the teachings he heard of the teacher Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo (the 1st Drukpa Yongdzin Rinpoche), and travelled further to receive teachings from him. Upon meeting Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, the young monk recognised him as his guru. He soon received the vows of monkhood from him and was given the name Ngawang Tenphel.
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Phra Paisal Visalo is the abbot of Wat Pasukato in Chaiyaphum province of Thailand. He was involved in student activism and human rights protection before entering the monkhood in 1983. He is the co-founder of Sekiyadhamma, a network of socially engaged monks all over the country. Besides writing and editing books on environment and Buddhism, he holds training courses on nonviolence and meditation as well.
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On July 22, 2003, Big got in car accident and was in a coma."Big" of D2B band dies Because of this, Beam made the decision to ordain on September 21, 2003. After left the monkhood, Beam and Dan performed the charity album "D2B the Neverending Album Tribute to Big D2B" and concert "D2B the Neverending Concert Tribute to Big D2B" to give Big's family the profit for treatment outgoing.
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Muni Mohjit Vijayji(14 October 1944 – 2 September 2000) born as Mahendra Kumar Mota,, Jain ascetic of Swetamber tradition was a disciple of Acharya Ramchandrasuri and was initiated in monkhood on 29 April 1979 along with his younger brother Navinkumar (Renowned as Jainacharya Yugbhushan Surishwarji). Both brothers are widely known as 'Mota Pand it Maharaj Saheb' and 'Nana Pandit Maharaj Saheb' respectively in view of their expertise in Jain scriptures.
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Gendun Drup was said to be the greatest scholar-saint ever produced by Narthang Monastery and became 'the single most important lama in Tibet'.Mullin 2001, p. 52. Through hard work he became a leading lama, known as 'Perfecter of the Monkhood', 'with a host of disciples'. Famed for his Buddhist scholarship he was also referred to as Panchen Gendun Drup, 'Panchen' being an honorary title designating 'great scholar'.
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Finally a faction led by Phraya San (or Phraya San, Phraya Sankhaburi) seized the capital. A coup d'état removing Taksin from the throne consequently took place, Phraya San attacked Thonburi and took control within one night. King Taksin surrendered to the rebels without resistance, and requested to be allowed to join the monkhood in Wat Chaeng. However, the disturbance in Thonburi widely spread, with killing and looting prevalent.
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In 1920, he was ordained as a bhikkhu (monk) in the tradition of Burmese Buddhism with the dharma name Vimala () which means "stainless, Undefiled." As his monkhood was sponsored by the residents of Mogok, a town well known for rubies and gems, Vimala became known as "Mogok". In 1924, Vimala became the chief abbot of Pikara Monastery. He began to give sermons focusing on abhidhamma and teaching vipassana meditation.
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Michael Jerryson, Mongolian Buddhism: The Rise and Fall of the Sangha, (Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2007), 12. Buddhist monkhood played significant political roles in Central and Southeast Asia, and the sangha in Mongolia was no exception. Mongols assisted Tibetans in unifying the country. The activities of the Mongols were conducive to the prominency of the Sakya school and then the Gelug, and to the further development of Tibeto- Mongolian civilisation.
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He popularized Zen in the circles of new military aristocracy and, mastering variety of literary genres ranging from historiography to poetry, he started the literary orientation of Japanese monkhood to the standards of Song literature of China. This added to the standard zazen practice of Zen monasteries such ordeals as studies in Confucian canon and writings of the Song Confucian scholars.Brinker, Helmut. Zen in the art of painting.
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Importance of Sthānāngasūtra can be gauged from the fact that Vyavahāra Chedasūtra (10, 20-34) mentions that it is suitable to be studied only by those ascetics, who have at least eight years standing in monkhood. Further more it is stated that only a monk who knows the Sthānānga by heart may attain the position of an ācārya, which, entitles him to supervise the monks and nuns in regard to their conduct and study.
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During the King Chetthathirat’s reign, Prasat Thong had Yamada Nagamasa, the head of Japanese mercenaries then known as Okya Senaphimok (), as a supporter. After Chetthathirat accession to the throne, Phra Sisin escaped into monkhood to save his life. However, he was lured into the palace with his monastic robes off and with princely attire. He was arrested and then exiled to Phetchaburi where he was thrown into a well to be starved to death.
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He is stopped by his preceptor. The preceptor leads him to a cave where Buddha images are installed and instructs him to stay there and meditate in order to calm himself down and realise the wrong he has done. That night, Pey again decides to leave the monkhood due to unrest within his mind after he recalls his wrongful deeds. While he is walking out of the forest, he feels like something is following him.
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Ramchandrasuriji was born on 3 March 1896 (Falgun Vad 4, Vikram Samvat 1952) in Padara village (now in Gujarat). He was a disciple of Acharya shri Prem Surishwarji and was initiated in monkhood by Muni Mangalvijayji at Gandhar (now in Gujarat) in 1912 (Pushya Vad 13, VS 1969). He died in 1991 (Ashadha Vad 15, VS 2047). The centenary of his initiation in asceticism was celebrated in Palitana, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Gandhar in 2012.
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Mahapragya took five major vows as a part of initiation to monkhood at the age of ten. These Mahavrata are non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), Chastity/Celibacy (Brahmacharya), and non-possession/non-attachment (Aparigraha). As a Jain Muni (monk), he traveled only on foot and could not make use of a vehicle unless and until he was incapable of walking. He did not eat or drink after sunset and before sunrise.
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Born in Mandalay, he first ordained as a novice monk (samanera) on 14 April 1943 at the age of 16, during Thingyan celebrations. He was ordained under Sayadaw U Pannavata at the Mahavijjodaya Chaung Monastery on the Sagaing Hills and given the Dharma name Sīlānanda. He attended the Kelly High School, an American Baptist mission school, before entering the monkhood. On 2 July 1947, he underwent higher ordination at the same monastery.
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Tashi Pal was born in 1142 AD, to the Taklung Gazi family, one of the six main ancestral Tibetan lineages. He embraced monkhood in Pal Thang-kya Monastery, where he studied and mastered the general and distinct Buddhist teachings. Owing to his vast and profound knowledge of Buddhist doctrine, he was renowned as the great sovereign and accomplished master scholar. He travelled towards Central Tibet where he met his destined root teacher, Phagmo Drupa.
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At Chainat, Bayinnaung clashed with Prince Ramesuan's army but was able to break through. The Burmese army then reached Ayutthaya and laid siege, bombarding the city so immensely that Maha Chakkraphat "agreed to come to friendly relations with His Majesty of Hongsawadi." Additionally, he paid tribute of four white elephants and Phra Ramesuan, Phraya Chakri and Phra Songkhram were brought back to Pegu as hostages. At Pegu, King Maha Chakkraphat entered the monkhood.
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Acharya Tulsi was born on 20 October 1914 in Ladnun, in present Nagaur district of Rajasthan, to Vadana and Jhumarmal Khater. Acharya Kalugani, then the leader of the Svetambar Terapanth Sangh, greatly influenced Tulsi. Tulsi was initiated into monkhood at age 11 in 1925. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor in Gangapur at Rang Bhawan-the house of Ranglal Hiran, making him the ninth Acharya of the Terapanth Sangha.
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Hla Kyaw is said to be unfulfilled with life. He took a sabbatical, and entered the monkhood for three months at the Tint-Taung Monastery at Salingyi, a nearby town. At the end of the sabbatical, he decided to be a monk full- time, and asked his parents and wife for permission. With their permission, he was ordained as a monk in 1912 at the Bonpyan Monastery by the Chief Abbot U Ãdeissa (, Ãdicca).
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A young man, Fak, is a revered novice Buddhist monk, and the entire village has turned out to the local temple to hear him preach a sermon. Fak's talk is interrupted a coughing fit by his widower father, though, and Fak struggles to maintain his focus. Fak then decides he must put aside his aspirations for monkhood to take care of his father. Then he is conscripted by lottery into the army.
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Phraya Thukkharat (Chuai) Monument (อนุสาวรีย์พระยาทุกขราษฎร์ (ช่วย)) - Phraya Thukkharat was a former monk known as Phra Maha Chuai. During the Nine Armies War in the reign of King Rama I, then Phra Maha Chuai had assisted Phraya Phatthalung, who had led a force of villagers to defeat an invading Burmese army. Later, when he had left the monkhood, he was awarded the royal title Phraya Thukkharat and was an assistant to the city's ruler.
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Special costumes are worn during lifecycle ceremonies like Janku, a baby's first rice feeding, initiation rites, weddings, old-age rituals and investitures. A child undergoing his or her first rice feeding is dressed in a vest and cap made of brocade. Boys celebrating their coming-of-age ceremony wear a loincloth. For Buddhist boys, the corresponding right is Bare Chhuyegu which is an initiation into the monkhood, and they wear a monk's robe.
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The monastery is not only significant because of its age. It is treasured also because one of Bulgaria's greatest heroes and the country's patron saint, St Ivan Rilski, got his start there. St. Dimitar hosted St Ivan Rilski during his early years of monkhood, before he moved to live as a hermit in a nearby cave and then founded the famous Rila monastery. In 2002–2003, another monastery was built in the region.
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After a while his uncle left the monkhood, but Ngen managed to send Sodh to study with Luang Por Sap, the abbot of Wat Bangpla. This is where Sodh learnt the Khmer language. When he was 13 years old, he finished his Khmer studies there and returned home to help his father. Father Ngen ran a rice-trading business, shipping rice by boat from Suphanburi to sell to mills in Bangkok and Nakhon Chai Si District.
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While still a monk in Wat Mahatat, Wichitwathakan wrote extensively in papers which he circulated among the monks. The papers were written in English, French, or German and were sometimes inflammatory regarding temple rules and regulations. This was finally stopped by the abbot, who prohibited the use of Western languages. At the age of 20, Wichitwathakan decided to leave the monkhood in favor of secular life and was admitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a junior clerk.
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In 1964, Lati Rinpoche left Tibet to join the 14th Dalai Lama in exile. On arrival in Dharamsala, he was appointed as the Spiritual Advisor to the 14th Dalai Lama. From 1976, Lati Rinpoche taught at the Namgyal Gomba (the 14th Dalai Lama's personal monastery). In the same year, he was appointed as the Abbot of the Shartse Norling College of Gaden Monastery, a replacement university in the like of Gaden Shartse Norling College, for the monkhood in exile.
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Many days passed, Ajatashatru became furious and again prayed to Indra, but this time Indra refused to help him. But Ajatashatru was informed by an oracle of a demi-goddess "Vaishali can be conquered if Sramana (monk) Kulvalaka gets married to a courtesan." Ajatashatru inquired about the monk Kulvalaka and sent for the prostitute Magadhika disguised as a devout follower. The fallen women attracted the monk towards herself and finally, the monk gave up his monkhood and married her.
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Sirikit (; ; ; born Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara (; ) on 12 August 1932) is the Queen mother of Thailand. She was the queen consort of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (or Rama IX) and is the mother of King Vajiralongkorn (or Rama X). She met Bhumibol in Paris, where her father was Thai ambassador. They married in 1950, shortly before Bhumibol's coronation. Sirikit was appointed queen regent in 1956, when the king entered the Buddhist monkhood for a period of time.
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Chandler noted that he had the "common touch" when interacting with people; according to Short, Pol Pot's varied and eclectic upbringing meant that he was "able to communicate naturally with people of all sorts and conditions, establishing an instinctive rapport that invariably made them want to like him". Many observers commented on his distinctive smile. When speaking to audiences he usually carried a fan, which in Cambodian culture was traditionally associated with monkhood. Pol Pot was softly spoken.
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More seriously, he was provoking schism in Siamese Buddhism by requiring that the monkhood should recognize him as a sotāpanna or "stream-winner"—a person who has embarked on the first of the four stages of enlightenment., p. 33 Monks who refused to bow to Taksin and worship him as god were demoted in status, and hundreds who refused to worship him as such were flogged and sentenced to menial labor. Economic tension caused by war was serious.
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Suriyothai then summons her old friend Piren, who was Chai Raja's troop commander, to help set things right. His troops ambush and kill Worawongsa and Srisudachan, and Tien accepts the throne despite his monkhood. Upon hearing this, Burmese King Hongsa invades again and lays siege to Ayutthaya. In a dramatic finale, however, the Burmese invade the new kingdom, and Queen Suriyothai heroically rides into battle with her husband and her unrequited childhood love at her side.MovieGuide.
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Persons associated with those who possessed prestige tended to derive prestige and to be accorded respect therefrom. Social mobility was played out on an urban stage. There was little opportunity among the majority of the rural Cambodians to change social status; this absence of opportunity was a reflection of traditional Buddhist fatalism. A man could achieve higher status by entering the monkhood or by acquiring an education and then entering the military or the civil service.
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Uthumphon (; ) Maha Thammarachathirat III or Uthumphon Mahaphon Phinit () was the 32nd and penultimate monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, ruling in 1758 for about three months. Facing various throne claimants, Uthumphon was finally forced to abdicate and enter monkhood. His preference of being a monk rather than keep the throne, earned him the epithet "King Hawat" (), or "the king who lives in the temple".Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd.
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Candidates for the Buddhist monkhood being ordained as monks in Thailand The minimum age for ordaining as a Buddhist monk is 20 years, reckoned from conception. However, boys under that age are allowed to ordain as novices (sāmaṇera), performing a ceremony such as shinbyu in Myanmar. Novices shave their heads, wear the yellow robes, and observe the Ten Precepts. Although no specific minimum age for novices is mentioned in the scriptures, traditionally boys as young as seven are accepted.
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Nearly all Bamar men were tattooed at boyhood (between the ages of 8 and 14), from the waist to the knees. The tattooed patterns were ornamented pastiches of arabesques and animals and legendary creatures, including cats, monkeys, chinthe, among others. For the Bamar, tattooing of the waist, done with black pigment, was done before or soon after temporary ordination into monkhood, a major rite of passage for men. Other parts of the body were tattooed with red pigments.
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After the assassination of his father in 1845, Pho Hlaing was given up by his widowed mother to Prince Mindon. He was subsequently adopted by King Tharrawaddy's daughter, Mahadevi. He rejoined the monkhood at his patrons' request, and was educated at royal monasteries and spent some time studying under the Supreme Patriarch, the Bagaya Sayadaw. In the aftermath of the 1852 Second Anglo-Burmese War, Princes Mindon and Kanaung fled Amarapura to overthrow their brother, Pagan.
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Both Van Wuystoff, the Dutchman, and Leria, who spent six years in Laos, were impressed with the nation's prosperity. Van Wuystoff noted the great number of monasteries and the monks, "more numerous than the soldiers of the King of Prussia." John Philip de Marini, who recorded and published Leria's visit, noted that monks went from Siam to Laos "as to University." The support of a large idle population, the monkhood, which harmed Laos' national economic development, nevertheless impressed both visitors.
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In 2003, he once again entered government service, becoming secretary-general of the cabinet, the highest-ranking civil servant advising the cabinet on legal affairs. In this position he succeeded his personal friend Wissanu Krea-ngam who had become Deputy Prime Minister in Thaksin Shinawatra's government. During the 2005–06 Thai political crisis and after the dissolution of parliament, both Wissanu and Borwornsak distanced themselves from the Thaksin administration and resigned their respective government posts. Borwornsak temporarily entered Buddhist monkhood.
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At age 48, he left the monkhood after he was selected by Shin Sawbu as the heir apparent, and was married to one of the queen's daughters. He immediately became the de facto ruler of the kingdom as Shin Sawbu handed over all administrative duties to him. During Dhammazedi's long reign, the Mon-speaking kingdom reached the peak of its golden age. Under his wise rule, the kingdom, unlike the rival Ava Kingdom, was peaceful, and profited greatly from foreign commerce.
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Laohavanich was known for having some unorthodox interpretations of the Tripitaka. While he was living at Wat Rajorasaram, he published an article speculating that the Buddha died of a blood disease brought on by eating too much, rather than by food poisoning. This caused disputes with Thai authorities at the time, who considered the publication harmful to Buddhism. This, as well as some of Laohavanich's other theories, resulted in authorities taking away his monastic ID card, effectively forcing him to leave the monkhood.
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Trappist monk praying in his cell. Monasticism (from Ancient Greek , , from , , 'alone'), or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. In other religions monasticism is criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism, or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.
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On 9 June 2006, Bhumibol celebrated his 60th anniversary as the King of Thailand, becoming the longest reigning monarch in Thai history. The royal couple spent their honeymoon at Hua Hin before they returned to Switzerland, where the king completed his university studies. They returned to Thailand in 1951. Following the death of his grandmother Queen Savang Vadhana, Bhumibol entered a 15-day monkhood (22 October 19565 November 1956) at Wat Bowonniwet, as is customary for Buddhist males on the death of elder relatives.
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That evening, the military seized power from the elected civilian government of Democrat MR Seni Pramoj and installed hard-line royalist Thanin Kraivichien as premier. Thanom soon left the monkhood, but he kept his word never to take part in politics again. Late in his life, he attempted to rehabilitate his tarnished image and recover properties seized when his government was overthrown. In March 1999, Thanom was nominated to be a member of the honorary Royal Guard by Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai, which led to controversy.
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From 2009 onwards, Wat Phra Dhammakaya expanded its temporary ordination program by making it nationwide. In this program, the participants were trained in thousands of temples spread over Thailand, but ordained simultaneously at Wat Phra Dhammakaya. Held in cooperation with the House of Representatives, the concept of the program was to reverse the trend of the number of monks in Thailand decreasing. The program was held twice a year, and the participants who decided to stay in the monkhood were encouraged to revive abandoned temples.
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Baci (; , ) and su kwan (Lao: ; Thai: , RTGS: su khwan; meaning "calling of the soul") is an important ceremony practised in Lao culture, Sipsong Panna and Northern and Isan Thai culture. Baci is a phi ritual used to celebrate important events and occasions, like births and marriages and also entering the monkhood, departing, returning, beginning a new year, and welcoming or bidding etc. The ritual of the baci involves tying strings around a person’s wrist to preserve good luck, and has become a national custom.
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From 1961 through 1966, it launched numerous unsuccessful attacks on the Phou Khout ridgeline positions of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) troops overlooking FAN positions at Muang Soui. On occasion, Kong Le assumed the robes of Buddhist monkhood while his subordinates led the assaults. Resentment grew among both his subordinates and his troops concerning his leadership, and they mutinied and forced Kong Le into exile on 16 October 1966. After his departure, the Forces Armées Neutralistes were subsumed into the Royal Lao Army and faded into inconsequentiality.
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By the great Jonangpa master Bodong Chokley Namgyal:de:Bodong Chogle Namgyel he was accorded the honorary title Tamchey Khyenpa meaning "The Omniscient One", an appellation that was later assigned to all Dalai Lama incarnations.Mullin 2001, pp. 58–9. At the age of 50, he entered meditation retreat at Narthang. As he grew older, Karma Kagyu adherents, finding their sect was losing too many recruits to the monkhood to burgeoning Gelugpa monasteries, tried to contain Gelug expansion by launching military expeditions against them in the region.Mullin 2001, p. 60.
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While still a monk, Laohavanich studied abroad and earned degrees from Oxford, Harvard and Hamburg University. He later returned to Thailand and stayed at Wat Phra Dhammakaya for two years before leaving in 1994, with Laohavanich and Wat Phra Dhammakaya giving highly conflicting accounts about his time there. Afterwards Laohavanich published various Buddhist scholarly works while moving around different temples in Bangkok. Laohavanich's theories were often considered unorthodox and the cause of major controversy in Thailand, leading to Laohavanich leaving the monkhood in 2007.
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Thihathura Tin Aung Myint Oo ( ; born 29 May 1950) is a Burmese former military official and politician who served as 1st First Vice Presidents of Myanmar from 30 March 2011 to 1 July 2012. He is also chairman of Burmese Trade Council, having been appointed in November 2007 by Than Shwe, in response to Saffron Revolution demonstrations in October of that year, and Minister of Military Affairs. He joined the Buddhist monkhood on 3 May, after speculation over his disappearance had circulated throughout new media.
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However, upon seeing Rokudai's wise plan, Yoritomo began feeling a sense of danger, but did not follow his intuition and allowed Rokudai to enter monkhood and appointed him to a special position at a temple. Rokudai intensively trained as a monk by travelling across the country. He first went to Koya Mountain, where his father had spent a considerable amount of time, in an attempt to retrace his father's footsteps. After the death of Yoritomo in 1199, Mongaku is arrested at his Nijo Inokuma home and exiled to Oki province.
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The Kodavas language was a spoken language and had no written literature until 1900. Appanervanda Haridasa Appachcha Kavi, Nadikerianda Chinnappa and Dr. I M Muthanna, have contributed immensely towards developing a literature for this language. The Kodavas are almost all Hindus a few of them had taken up monkhood and contributed towards the development of the religion, especially in Kodagu and Mysore regions, the most famous among them being Swami Shambhavananda, Sadguru Appayya Swami and Swami Narayanananda. In the government service as well there were many prominent Kodavas.
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The Buddha responds by pointing out that seniority in the monkhood is not the only criterion in such an appointment, and explains his decision further by relating a story from the past. He says that both disciples aspired many lifetimes ago to become chief disciples under him. They made such a resolution since the age of the previous Buddha Aṇomadassī, when Maudgalyāyana was a layman called Sirivadha. Sirivaddha felt inspired to become a chief disciple under a future Buddha after his friend, Śāriputra in a previous life, recommended that he do so.
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Thomas Merton was born in Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales, France, on January 31, 1915, to Owen Merton, a New Zealand painter active in Europe and the United States, and Ruth Jenkins, an American Quaker and artist. They had met at painting school in Paris."Thomas Merton's Life and Work", The Thomas Merton Center at Bellarmine University He was baptized in the Church of England, in accordance with his father's wishes.Jacobs, Alan. "The Modern Monkhood of Thomas Merton", The New Yorker, December 28, 2018 Merton's father was often absent during his son's childhood.
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6 October 2006 However, the idea that the monkhood is connected to specifically Burmese ideas about revolution has been argued by British academic Gustaaf Houtman, partly in critique of an alternative view held by a political scientist, that Gen. Ne Win's 1962 revolution was the only successful revolution in Burma. Burmese concepts of "revolution", however, have a much longer history and are also employed in many but not all monastic ordinations. The military government of Burma was called the State Peace and Development Council or "SPDC" from 1988 to 2011.
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Janewattananond was born in Bangkok, Thailand. His nickname comes from his father, an avid fan of jazz music. At the age of 14 years and 71 days he became the youngest golfer to make the cut on the Asian Tour, which he achieved at the 2010 Asian Tour International in Nakhon Pathom.Teen star Atiwit quits national team after TGA row Janewattananond took a brief sabbatical from golf at the end of the 2016 European Tour season to join the monkhood, to which he credited the subsequent upturn in his performances on the golf course.
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Because of the close ties between ethnicity and religion in Thailand, violence that is part of the ongoing insurgency in South Thailand is difficult to classify as being purely motivated by religious identity. In 2017, there were at least 263 deaths reported connected to insurgent violence, and no reports of anyone being specifically targeted due to their religion. Some Buddhist monks regarded as part of the Buddhist “nationalist” movement used social media to call for violence against Muslims. In 2017, Apichat Punnajanatho, a Buddhist monk, was arrested by the government for making anti-Islamic that encouraged violence, and was expelled from the monkhood.
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She then turned more religious and exhibited a desire to get enunciated into Jain ascetic way of life (monkhood). At an appropriate time, she took a diksha and formally became a Jain nun who in time rose to become one of the most celebrated nuns (Maharasa) of Shwetamber jain traditions. Harak Chand started his own business of cotton trading. He ultimately moved from Tiloli to another nearby town ‘Bijainagar’ (also known as Vijaynagar) in Ajmer district of Marwar region and lived most of his life there where he raised his own four sons and a daughter.
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He was raised in a monastery at Fulda, which was a focus for missionaries in Germany and central to Louis the Pious' vision of a "Christian" empire.Genke, Gottschalk, 46. As a monk, Gottschalk twice defied the Order of Saint Benedict: first, in 849 at a council at Mainz, he nearly succeeded in freeing himself from monkhood, when by rule he was born to serve from pueritia for life.Genke, Gottschalk, 15. Rabanus sought to ensure that Gottschalk did not set a precedent for other monks, and called a second council at the Diet of Worms in 829.
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Khedrup Gyatso (1 November 1838 – 31 January 1856) was the 11th Dalai Lama of Tibet. He was recognised as the Eleventh Dalai Lama in 1840, having come from the same village as Kelzang Gyatso, the seventh Dalai Lama, had in 1708. In 1841, Palden Tenpai Nyima, 7th Panchen Lama, gave him the pre-novice ordination, cut his hair and gave him the name Khedrup Gyatso. In 1842, he was enthroned in the Potala Palace and, in 1849, at the age of eleven, he took the novice vows of monkhood from Palden Tenpai Nyima, 7th Panchen LamaKhetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. (1982).
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Rama I who was himself of Mon, Thai and Chinese descent restored most of the social and political system of the Ayutthaya kingdom, promulgating new law codes, reinstating court ceremonies and imposing discipline on the Buddhist monkhood. His government was carried out by six great ministries (Krom) headed by royal princes. Four of these administered particular territories: the Kalahom the south; the Mahatthai the north and east; the Phrakhlang the area immediately south of the capital; and the Krom Mueang, the area around Bangkok. The other two were the ministry of lands (Krom Na) and the ministry of the royal court (Krom Wang).
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Though there are happy times, with Fak joining his father at work as a janitor for the local school, his reunion with his father is short-lived after his father becomes ill and dies. Because Fak made a promise to his father that he would look after his stepmother, Fak's goal of returning to the monkhood must again be put aside. Though Fak is well liked in the village, the villagers do not like Somsong and have labeled her "crazy". And after Fak's father's death, the villagers start to treat Fak differently: they believe he is having an affair with his stepmother.
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"I became very attracted to painting when I went into the pagoda and I saw people painting a picture on the side of the wall of a temple." Instead of pursuing painting, he served as a monk from the age of 17 to 21. "Every family has a son...one of the sons must go and serve as a monk — it is considered bad for the Cambodian family to not have a son who is a monk", says Vann Nath. When his sister died, Vann Nath left the monkhood to start working to help support the family.
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The temple denied this, stating that it was the donors' intention to give the land to the abbot, and not the temple. Eventually the Sangha Council declared that Wat Phra Dhammakaya and Luang Por Dhammajayo had not committed any serious offenses against monastic discipline (Vinaya) that were cause for defrocking (removal from monkhood) but instead practical directives were given for the temple to improve itself. Despite this, the charged Luang Por Dhammajayo with embezzlement and removed him from his post as abbot. This period of intense media attention had effects on the temple's fundraising, but the temple continued to organize projects, ceremonies and other events.
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At 16:09 (UTC+07:00), The King, Queen Suthida and Princess Bajrakitiyabha paid homage to the Equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn and the Memorial of Rama I . He also paid respect to sacred icons placed at both the Phaisan Thaksin Throne Hall and Chakraphat Phimarn Royal Residence. Nationwide, mass Buddhist monastic ordinations in honor of the coronation were organized by the National Office of Buddhism and the Sangha Supreme Council (Mahāthera Samāgama) in all 76 provinces together with their respective provincial and local governments, with 6,810 receiving their holy orders of monkhood, including personnel of the civil services, the armed forces and police.
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After finishing his monastical studies, he was inducted into the Royal Pages Bodyguard Regiment, where he was taught (described by himself as a "smattering") some French, British, and Latin by a French adviser to King Mongkut. Kulap married at the age of 25, and a year later was ordained as a monk. In the 1860s, Kulap left the monkhood and entered the employment of several British, American, and German firms that were operating in Thailand. As a result of this new career, Kulap saw a drastic increase in his personal wealth, and working with foreign companies allowed him to travel to various European-administered cities in Asia.
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Swami Tathagatananda (15 February 1923 – 25 June 2016), was a Hindu monk of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. He was the Minister and Spiritual Leader of the Vedanta Society of New York from November 1977 to June 2016. Born as Laxminarayan Bhattacharya in West Bengal, India, he was initiated in 1945 into the spiritual order by Swami Virajananda , a disciple of Sarada Devi and secretary of Swami Vivekananda. He officially joined the Ramakrishna Order as a brahmachari (trainee-student monk) in 1955 and had his sannyasa diksha (bestowal of full monkhood in accordance with the Hindu Advaita-Vedanta tradition) from Swami Madhavananda in 1965.
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While keeping busy as a producer, he directed 2003's OK Baytong, a topical, contemporary drama about a young man who must leave the Buddhist monkhood and go to Muslim-dominated southern Thailand to attend to the affairs of his sister, who was killed in a train bombing. In 2005, he directed a short film, The Ceiling for the Asian Film Academy, in conjunction with the Pusan International Film Festival. The 18-minute, English-language film starred South Korean actors is the story of a young writer who climbs into the crawlspace above her apartment and spies on the woman living next door.ThaiCinema.org, "Nonzee Will Teach Filmmaking in Korea" , October 8, 2005.
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Bhawani Mandir (Temple of Goddess Bhawani) was a political pamphlet penned anonymously by Indian nationalist Aurobindo Ghosh in 1905. The pamphlet was created at the time of partition of Bengal and penned during Aurobindo's career in the Baroda State service. The pamphlet ostensibly called for the establishment of an order of monkhood which would build a temple the Hindu Mother Goddess Bhawani (or Shakti) who was intended to represent the nationhood of India, and dedicate themselves to service in her name. It drew inspiration from Anandamath, an 1882 novel by Bengali author Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay set in the backdrop of the Monk's rebellion early in the history of East India Company's settlements in Bengal.
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One of the Buddha images is the famous eight metre (25 foot) tall bronze Phra Sri Sakyamuni (; ), the principal Buddha image of Wat Suthat, which was the principal Buddha image of Wat Mahathat, the biggest temple in Sukhothai. In 1833 Mongkut, during his monkhood, travelled to Sukhothai and discovered the controversial Ramkhamhaeng stele in Wat Mahathat and other artifacts, now in the National Museum in Bangkok. The formal name of this stone is The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription Documentary heritage inscribed on the Memory of the World Register in 2003 by UNESCO. In 1907, Vajiravudh, as crown prince, conducted a two-month archaeological field trip to Nakhon Sawan, Kampheang Phet, Sukhothai, Si Satchanalai, Uttaradit, and Pitsanulok.
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The Khmer Rouge regime frequently arrested and often executed anyone suspected of connections with the former Cambodian government or foreign governments, as well as professionals, intellectuals, the Buddhist monkhood, and ethnic minorities. Even those who were stereotypically thought of as having intellectual qualities, such as wearing glasses or speaking multiple languages, were executed for fear that they would rebel against the Khmer Rouge. As a result, Pol Pot has been described by journalists and historians such as William Branigin as "a genocidal tyrant".William Branigin, Architect of Genocide Was Unrepentant to the End The Washington Post, 17 April 1998 British sociologist Martin Shaw described the Cambodian genocide as "the purest genocide of the Cold War era".
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Proponents of Wat Phra Dhammakaya referred to Phra Phimontham's case to explain why Luang Por Dhammajayo did not go to acknowledge the charges in 1999, and again in 2016. After Phra Phimontham was released, he entered the monkhood again without re-ordaining, since he never had disrobed officially and voluntarily anyway. Some critics have suggested that Luang Por Dhammajayo should do the same, but some commentators have argued that indictment under the current military junta would be even more dangerous than that of the junta at the time of Phra Phimontham, with no Thai law prohibiting torture of prisoners. Despite its many opponents, Wat Phra Dhammakaya is generally seen by pro-democracy Thai intellectuals as a symbol of religious pluralism that has managed to survive.
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He dedicated himself to monkhood (Sangha) and Buddhism, yet he still engaged with his artistic activities--giving live painting performances, Mandala festivals, Tibetan Mantra Lounge recitations, and workshops on how to make a Buddha for the purpose of art and communication with the higher realms. He achieves trueness to ethnic-cultural Tibetan art while simultaneously speaking to the themes of Tibetan Buddhism in the West, where the practice of Buddhism is part of Tibet’s cultural heritage and asset. He talks about his depictions of the world and explains his artworks with reference to the Buddha’s teachings and theories. Norbu was also ordained by a Female nun of Tibetan Buddhism who is in a Dharamsala Monastery (who wants to remain anonymous); she advises and supports him.
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Discouraged by his health, Prayudh came back to Suphanburi after completing junior high school at Pathum Khongkha School in Bangkok in 1950. Being assured that he could continue his education without having to get involved physically, as is the case in school, he entered the monastery, with the family's support, to seek religious education, being ordained as a novice (samanera) at the age of 13. He began the study of Pali and received training in Vipassanā. Under his father's encouragement, he moved to Wat Phra Piren in Bangkok and went on to achieve the highest-level (ninth-level) studies in the Pali language while still a samanera, for which he was granted a royal ordination ceremony into monkhood in 1962.
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Khrua In Khong's birth date and origins are uncertain. He was born in Bang Chan, Phetchaburi province, Thailand in the reign of King Rama III. He ordained at Wat Ratchaburana (Wat Liap) and stayed as a monk for the rest of his life. His original name was “In” not “Khrua In Khong”, “Khrua” and “Khong” were a prefix and postfix words to specify his personal identity. The word “Khrua” often refers to an elder monk or a person who has strict or moody character. It also meant a teacher who specialized in difficult subjects, and the word “Khong” quoting Saan Somdet (Princes’ Correspondence) “…he stayed in monkhood as a neophyte for too long; hence he was called In Khong (falling tone).
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In his second term of priestliness, Kalalelle Ananda Sagara continued his career as a teacher and promoted his style of Poesy, compiling verses such as Kalakanniya, Kelani Withthi, Paddiyavatiya, Mal Hamy and Visirinu Tharu under the pseudonym KAS (Kayes). His best works are regarded to have been Sudo Sudu and the KAS Markup Script, both of which contributed to his recognition as one among the leading literary figures in the country. Palansuriya went on to renounce his monkhood, reverting to his lay name Sagara Palansuriya, and entered politics in 1947, joining the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party led by Philip Gunawardena. He was able to secure a place in Parliament in 1956, representing the Horana Electoral District for the Mahajana Ekasth Peramuna led by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike.
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Jovan Cvijić's houseI.Sretenović, Jovan Cvijić`s house, Cultural Heritage Protection Institution of the City of Belgrade, 2013. is situated in Belgrade, in 5 Jelena Ćetković Street. The house was built in 1905, on the site of the former garden of Мitropolit MihailoMetropolitan of Belgrade Michael (1859 – 1881;1889 -1898), was one of the most prominent figures of the Serbian political scene in the second half of the 19th century; being the student of the Kiev spiritual academy, he dedicated the special attention to the role and the importance of the genuine monkhood, national interests and the education of the clergy, by writing a large number of text books; ...he was considered as the „father of the new theological science and Serbian literature“; he was buried in the Saborna church, in 1898.
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The trend gained ground under King Bodawpaya (r. 1782–1819) who, like his father Alaungpaya, believed that he was the next Buddha, Maitreya. Though the king would later reluctantly gave up his claim and acceded to his late father's claim,Htin Aung 1967: 188–189 his purification drive devalued "local sources of sanctity" in favor of "universal textual forms endorsed by the crown and the monkhood", and "outlawed animal sacrifices atop Mt. Popa and other sacred sites while female and transvestite shamans lost status." In the reign of his successor Bagyidaw in 1832, the pre-Buddhist origin story of Pyusawhti was officially superseded with the Abhiyaza story's "claims of royal descent from the clan of Gotama Buddha and thence the first Buddhist king of the world, Maha Sammata".
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The Baci festival was started even before Buddhism made inroads into Laos, as an animist ritual used to celebrate important events and occasions, like births and marriages and also entering the monkhood, departing, returning, beginning a new year, and welcoming or bidding etc. It is particularly special for ethnic groups of the mountainous region of northern Laos such as Oudomxay Province, though it is now celebrated throughout Laos as a national festival and also in neighbouring Thailand. It a traditional cult festival in which after offering prayers to Buddha, in a formal gathering people tie a white thread (symbolically representing purity) or string on the wrist of their opposites wishing for their well being, ward off ill luck and bring them good luck. The ceremony is held as a part of marriage festival or any auspicious occasion in the family when family members get together.
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In 1878, soon after the coronation of King Thibaw, Mindon's son, Pho Hlaing published a revolutionary work, a three-part political treatise called the Rajadhammasangaha (, variously rendered Companion of Dhamma for Royalty, A Collection of Norms for Kingship, or Civil Society under Monarchy). This work was heavily influenced by Buddhist teachings, particularly the Seven Aparihaniya Principles, a sermon given by the Gautama Buddha on proper governance and summarised as follows: #Consultation of a body #Action by consensus #Behaviour in accordance with the law #Respect for admonishments of superiors #No oppression of women #Respect for the rites of towns' and villages' spirit guardians #Protection of the monkhood Pho Hlaing's treatise essentially proposed a variety of major political and economic reforms to preserve Burmese sovereignty. These included transforming the kingdom's government system into a constitutional monarchy, whereby the king ruled indirectly by social contract, through a bicameral parliament that was represented by both the aristocracy and commoners, and the king had a cabinet of ministers. These proposals were influenced by England's system of government.
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