Artificial intelligence can help us find new molecules, but there's a chance that the molecules found by AI will ultimately resemble molecules we've already studied.
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This traps salt molecules, but allows the smaller water molecules to go through.
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The molecules make up less than 1 percent of the molecules on the surface.
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These molecules contain aromatic structures (ring-shaped, flat molecules) with possible cross chains of hydrocarbons.
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If you imagine them to be molecules, in between the molecules there's got to be space.
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Molecules spin, vibrate, and trade electrons, all of which affect the way they react with other molecules.
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Different species have varying numbers of odor receptors, special molecules that are attuned to specific odor molecules.
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At supercold temperatures, hydrogen molecules first condense into a liquid, then a solid with the molecules intact.
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These collisions "excite" the molecules in the atmosphere, and when these molecules release this energy, they emit light.
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But, also like DNA molecules, they will stick together only if the velcro on the two molecules is complementary.
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But glass doesn't squish; its jumbled molecules are truly rigid, despite looking the same as molecules in a liquid.
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Scientists hypothesized that hydrocarbon molecules were transformed by short-lived molecules called carbocations (pronounced CAR-bow-CAT-eye-ons).
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Her work focused on measuring the molecules in seawater, like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and also radioactive molecules like cesium-137.
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As it turns out, right-handed and left-handed molecules don't always react with other molecules in the same way.
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"It's strange that the molecules the bug makes are similar to the molecules you make that control these receptors," he said.
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Plus, the first confirmed identification of organic molecules in Saturn's rings demonstrates that these molecules can appear all over the place.
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Molecules that had existed in her body would be joined with the stone's molecules, over and over in age after age.
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It was mostly water molecules, but Dr. Waite and his colleagues also found hydrogen molecules, up to 1.4 percent by volume.
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Antibodies are special immune-system proteins which are customised to recognise and lock onto specific molecules, thus stopping those molecules reacting normally.
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To do this, the water molecules are flipped 180 degrees in the aquaporin channels — and that chemical reaction slows the molecules down.
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"So now you have these particles interacting with molecules in the atmosphere and creating new molecules—like a chain reaction," Airapetian said.
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First, we produce a wealth of molecules during these stressful periods, broadly called hyper-inflammatory molecules, which draw resources from our cells.
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A team of scientists hopes to turbocharge bacteria to photosynthesize molecules on their own, molecules that can be turned into fuels or plastics.
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For years, scientists trying to develop fluorescent molecules grappled with a tricky problem: The molecules' light went out when they were too crowded.
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But those component molecules aren't static objects; they are constantly vibrating as the bonds between the atoms that make up molecules move about.
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But some of the grains may still have what Glover calls interstitial crystalline contamination—molecules of other minerals attached to the quartz molecules.
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And molecules with three atoms like water and carbon dioxide have more ways to vibrate, or "modes," than molecules with just two atoms.
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Because oxygen molecules should be pretty stable, persisting about a decade, researchers expected that the amount of oxygen molecules would remain almost constant.
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The koji breaks down starch molecules into sugar molecules in preparation for the addition of yeast, which is otherwise unable to break down rice.
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Researchers in the past had used a lower-intensity beam on small molecules, which in turn stripped away electrons from the molecules' iodine atoms.
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Afterwards, it selects molecules that have the potential to do well in clinical trials or suggests new molecules based on what properties scientists need.
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In this way, more of the high speed molecules are trapped in one chamber and the low speed molecules are trapped in the other.
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The unique process results in millions of nano-scale pores being produced, which allow air molecules to permeate the material, while water molecules can't.
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But the molecules on the surface have fewer other molecules to cling to, which makes them more disorganized — and ultimately makes the ice slippery.
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The result is a material that lets air molecules escape to keep you cool, while preventing water molecules from getting in to keep you dry.
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The researchers merely measured the levels of two molecules, like glutathione and ergothioneine, and found that certain mushrooms had more of those molecules than others.
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Since 2014, the FDA has required that anything labeled "gluten free" contain no more than 20 molecules of gluten in every million molecules of foodstuff.
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Additionally during his time in space, Scott experienced less DNA methylation — when certain types of molecules known as methyl groups are added to DNA molecules.
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What's more, bleach and the nitrogen-containing molecules in urine can combine to form molecules called chloramines — which make that nice, clean, swimming pool smell.
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Ph.D student Lorel Scriven eventually joined the lab and worked on creating precursor molecules, the carbon rings but with extra molecules attached to add support.
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But even after pinpointing a potential origin for phosphorus-carrying molecules in the universe, a big question remained: How did those molecules travel to Earth?
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The hottest-known exoplanet is so hot it rips apart its own molecules "Ripping apart its own molecules" is a pretty dramatic level of heat.
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When it drops below 237.89°F, the special hydrogen bonds that link water molecules together force additional space between the water molecules when they freeze.
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Making new DNA molecules one base pair at a time is expensive, but making copies of existing ones is cheap, as is joining such molecules together.
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It essentially converts molecules into particles that have an electric charge and then uses magnetic fields to sort, measure and identify the molecules as basic elements.
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"The dream is to turn the practical process of making molecules into code and then those bits of code into molecules and drugs," he told Gizmodo.
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Aquaporins work by transporting water molecules through channels just 0.3 nanometers wide, essentially creating a super fast train of water molecules and filtering out all ions.
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The oxygen atoms are carried away either in water molecules or in molecules of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, depending on the details of the process.
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Specifically, they react with polar molecules—molecules that have a concentration of positive charge on one end and a concentration of negative charge on the other.
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TBD: How to incorporate more of the molecules (roughly 5% of the fluorescence-modified molecules were absorbed) and to achieve the new properties without sacrificing others.
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A mass spectrometer on board detected large, complex molecules in the planet's atmosphere — including methane, carbon dioxide and more complex molecules, reports Alexandra Witze for Nature.
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Particular molecules create particular patterns of Fraunhofer lines, as the missing light energy has been absorbed to drive the vibrations of atomic bonds within those molecules.
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That would lay the groundwork for chemistry, in which atoms join to form molecules, and then biology, where the interaction of molecules gives rise to life.
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But Sauvage's team figured out how to link two molecules in a mechanical chain, using a copper ion: Importantly, these molecules aren't just fixed rigidly together.
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But here is a key principle for building molecular machines: make individual molecules as simple as possible so they could function reliably in a complex biochemical environment, but take advantage of what a collection of molecules can do, where the smarts are distributed into different molecules.
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According to Huels, while none of these molecules are strictly necessary for the creation of biotic life, their synthesis from low-energy radiation interacting with ice film is important insofar as it demonstrates the chemical process by which simple molecules are turned into more complex molecules.
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His aim was to start with a disordered box of randomly jiggling molecules, then separate the fast molecules from the slow ones, reducing entropy in the process.
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For instance, molecules of methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen appear as ice on the world's surface, whereas those molecules on Earth are mostly in a gaseous state.
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It then drops some DNA molecules into each tube and the gloop gets to work on the process of turning the information in those molecules into proteins.
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The researchers believe the layer exists in the form of gas hydrates, in which water molecules create lattice-like cages that trap gas molecules, according to the study.
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All in all, the team was able to produce 55 organic molecules, most notably ribose, a critical sugar found in the RNA molecules that transmit DNA's genetic instructions.
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Blue flowers tend to result from the modification of red pigments — shifting their acidity levels, switching up their molecules and ions, or mixing them with other molecules and ions.
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DNA has long been regarded as "the template for life" -- but RNA molecules have more capabilities, like replicating without the help of other molecules, according to the press release.
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Lotus leaves repel water because they are covered with minuscule waxy nodules that stop water molecules bonding with a leaf's surface tissues, meaning those molecules bond with each other instead.
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But when a liquid with low surface tension like shampoo meets a solid surface, its molecules want to spread apart and stick to solid molecules rather than to one another.
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"You can combine oxygen molecules to form O2 and O3, but not O4, and for some molecules you can't form even a three-particle molecule," Vuletic said in a statement.
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"I see skin suffering from glycation [where sugar molecules attach themselves to other molecules, for example proteins and fats, causing aging] as a result of a high sugar intake," she said.
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When the rays reach Earth, they slam into the gas molecules surrounding our planet, creating a whole bunch of secondary particles that then also collided with the molecules in our atmosphere.
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The tea, it turns out, is a strong producer of Brownian Motion: The molecules of water are moving pseudo-randomly, and any given specific configuration of those molecules is highly improbable.
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By now, we know that organic molecules, from methane to amino acids, exist in space, and perhaps some of these molecules were brought to our own planet via carbon-containing asteroids.
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Armed with our confidence in them, we're pleased to give ourselves over to their ministrations, and pleased to believe that it's the molecules, and the molecules alone, that are healing us.
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Crystallization is a dramatic switch from the liquid phase, in which molecules are disordered and free flowing, to the crystal phase, in which molecules are locked in a regular, repeating pattern.
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They found animals with some strange bioactive molecules in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, like mussels with new kinds of ceramides, cell-killing molecules that could possibly be used as anti-cancer drugs.
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Such diseases are caused by misfolded protein molecules that have the unfortunate property of triggering similar misfolding in others of their kind, and so transmitting their pathological character to previously healthy molecules.
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The system, called AtomNet, learns the interactions between molecules by looking at LOTS of pairings of 3D models of molecules and simulated drugs and figures out which are most likely to interact.
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The effects of those wavelengths Microwave cooking emits wavelengths that are absorbed by water molecules in food, and the molecules generate heat as they resonate with those wavelengths in food, Rankin explained.
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A cup of coffee cools to room temperature, they explain, because as coffee molecules collide with air molecules, the information that encodes their energy leaks out and is shared by the surrounding air.
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When the Sun's springtime rays start to warm the clouds, chlorine molecules from human-made pollutants break up ozone molecules at high rates, causing the annual hole to form in the ozone layer.
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To start, the researchers behind the Cell study trained a neural network to identify molecules that fight E. coli bacteria by feeding it data on 2,335 molecules that we know have antibacterial properties.
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This GIF, from a video by "Engineer Guy" Bill Hammack, shows that well: As the molecules twist back and forth, breaking the weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules, it creates friction — producing heat.
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In every one of those cells, there's 1 trillion molecules.
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The cells then use these molecules to make new viruses.
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Other complex molecules "flop around, dissipate, and decay," he said.
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Organic molecules are being found in comets and cosmic clouds.
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Rather, these pigment molecules are often bioactive in various ways.
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Visualizing molecules Scientists traditionally used physical models to visualize drugs.
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Nigam said this pungent mixture holds the molecules they're after.
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The initial five letters actually represent two pairs of molecules.
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How do you prove the molecules are actually from cannabis?
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Researchers were looking for molecules that shared codeine's molecular structure.
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This prevents the soap molecules from ever touching the bottle.
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Both molecules remain confidential while their utility is being assessed.
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Wilczek's idea was simple: Can molecules break time translational symmetry?
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However, they focus on molecules that have intellectual property attached.
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This side can stick to negative bits on other molecules.
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"Carbs are hydrophilic molecules, meaning they love water," Hunnes says.
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They have to spend ever more prospecting for blockbuster molecules.
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The gluten molecules lock the bubbles into place upon baking.
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Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules that look like little wires.
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In January 2019 the 20203,000th of those molecules was made.
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The blue color was the result of excited air molecules.
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How does matter behave (atoms, molecules and more fundamental particles)?
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Some of those organic molecules could be associated with life.
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To make carbon fixation happen, organisms use molecules called enzymes.
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Furthermore, unmelted micrometeorites contain complex organic molecules, like amino acids.
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That enabled the tracking of multiple molecules inside living cells.
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The starch bonds with water molecules and begins to swell.
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On Earth, these same organic molecules are associated with life.
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The flavors of those molecules are created in our brains.
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He blesses the water molecules before they're mixed with cement.
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Others arise from harmful molecules produced by the cells themselves.
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The molecules are in especially snug configurations with few competitors.
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Traditional drugs use small molecules to alter processes within cells.
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Short molecules can't hold enough information to do anything useful.
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With that, I can calculate the number of air molecules.
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Those molecules can act like switches, turning off other genes.
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Together these molecules form an extremely strong yet flexible material.
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The term was a reference to molecules that cause cancer.
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HCN reacts to form large molecules called polymers, including polyimine.
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It's the combination of molecules touching these little pieces of brain, and how many of the molecules, that the brain's olfactory cortex somehow converts to a scent—the difference between, say, pine and laurel.
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Other molecules in whisky also prove important: a surfactant, a chemical that reduces the surface tension of the droplets, and long, stringlike molecules known as polymers, which attach to the glass, providing a template.
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"The presence of complex molecules, some of which previously unknown to exist on comets, still allows comets to be a possible source of introducing complex molecules and enable the formation of life on Earth."
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But the laser only makes the molecules vibrate—the researchers needed to introduce another element in order to bestow the air's ambient water molecules with more sound than just a single drone or pulse.
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One morning in Impossible's lab, Brown showed me a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer, which is used to identify the molecules that appear in meat as it's cooked and to link those molecules to odors.
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By partitioning the container and opening and closing a small door between the two chambers, the demon lets only fast-moving molecules enter one side, while allowing only slow molecules to go the other way.
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The charged particles excite atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, and when these atoms and molecules return from their excited state, they emit a photon: a small burst of energy in the form of light.
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As the low-energy secondary electrons interact with the icy film, they are essentially breaking up the simple molecules and scattering them around, facilitating "an avalanche" of chemical interactions that result in more complex molecules.
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The cohesion of water molecules as they cling to each other a bit more tenaciously than they cling to the other molecules in their environment produces a thin "skin" on the surface of the water.
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A film of these molecules forms a protective barrier either absorbing (chemical filters) or reflecting (physical blockers) UV photons before they can be absorbed by our DNA and other reactive molecules deeper in the skin.
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At first the average energy (or speed) of the gas molecules in each box is the same, but as faster than average molecules approach the door, the demon lets them through into the other chamber.
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That enables the long molecules to contain huge amounts of information.
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But applications of the method go beyond just imaging biological molecules.
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They're jiggling, because of the thermal motion of the water molecules.
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Also with spectroscopy, one can search for organic molecules or biomarkers.
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The molecules are a form of carbon called Buckminsterfullerene or Buckyballs.
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Scientists can use qubits to model entire molecules and their interactions.
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Well Genetics, a Norwegian firm, wraps the molecules in polymer coatings.
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Different types of molecules emit waves at different types of frequencies.
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Next, he added glycerol, a thick liquid, to slow the molecules.
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They applied pressure on the solid powder, squeezing the molecules further.
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Molecules that contain sulfur, for instance, yielded burnt and garlicky smells.
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Ocean dwellers, like us humans, require oxygen molecules to stay alive.
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Eggs are large cells, with room to accommodate these extra molecules.
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Later, these would break apart into hydrogen molecules and helium atoms.
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Nestle is not the first company to experiment with designer molecules.
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These molecules end up forming reddish soot-like particles, called tholins.
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Finding new molecules is getting harder, which means higher development costs.
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Right: The green strips indicate the orientation of the individual molecules.
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It's difficult to find such complicated molecules far away from Earth.
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Detail of radio frequency wave generator used for dissociating chlorine molecules.
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What you're paying for are molecules like UV endonuclease and photolyase.
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Alcohol molecules are also the wrong shape to bind to charcoal.
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Molecules are governed by random rules, and naturally edge towards equilibrium.
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They were able to identify a number of molecules, including benzonitrile.
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Under extreme pressure and heat, the simulations suggested, water molecules break.
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"It's just the best place to find molecules," McGuire told Gizmodo.
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For the first time, they detected the signature of water molecules.
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines are molecules involved in the body's inflammatory reactions.
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Now our challenge is to transform these molecules into safer drugs.
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Instead, many receptors bind to many different molecules and vice versa.
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You're effectively displacing liquid crystal molecules and thereby distorting the image.
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Sunlight and chemical reactions break up methane molecules in the atmosphere.
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THC, the main psychoactive ingredient, bonds to fat molecules when heated.
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Once these molecules were trapped, the gas was chilled, and measured.
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Basically, the molecules of gas get closer the deeper you go.
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Specifically, microwaves cause water molecules to vibrate and that produces heat.
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It's a diffuser that brings molecules of perfume into the air.
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The molecules from mitochondria are toxic, causing the cell to die.
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Scientists typically study small stuff, like molecules, rather than entire animals.
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Given a choice, their units would rather stay as small molecules.
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Your lungs will inhale and exhale about 300 sextillion oxygen molecules.
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In particular, they focused on molecules that are associated with inflammation.
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The process repeats when the unfortunate molecules return to the dayside.
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When squeezed together, the molecules stack up into a solid form.
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These molecules flex and twist according to the laws of chemistry.
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This causes your body's fat molecules to vibrate and release toxins.
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"Benzodiazepines are anxiolytics and signaling molecules," Berard said in an email.
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Salts that dessicate in each pond typically contain some lithium molecules.
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Then, those molecules are changed from vapour to liquid via condensation.
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The movement of water molecules in close proximity to neural pathways is restricted parallel to axons, as opposed to the movement of water molecules in other regions of the brain, which is unrestricted in all directions.
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"Even if we can't detect other chiral molecules, if we can measure an excess of handedness in propylene oxide, that'll be useful for understanding the processes driving chiral molecules in one direction or another," Carroll said.
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The Oxford team shipped the molecules to IBM, where the IBM researchers used a method called atomic force microscopy to knock the scaffolding off of the molecules held on a salt surface at super-cold temperatures.
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In addition, the molecules in cider, herbs and other flavorings are too large to penetrate the membrane surrounding the meat before the salt molecules do, and so they fail to carry much flavor into the turkey.
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Rather than picking known molecules out of a database and seeing which are best at killing bacteria, Penn's de la Fuente is using computers to actually design totally new molecules, unlike those we see in nature.
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Water molecules with heavy hydrogen atoms are extremely rare in nature (less than one in a billion natural water molecules are heavy), so the Germans had to artificially produce all the heavy water that they needed.
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And what we're doing is we're isolating those molecules literally from meat and then we're characterizing them we're trying to match them with molecules and plants that will deliver the same experience to our human century system.
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Lodo's bioinformatics team uses algorithms to predict which fragments in which libraries are likely to synthesize which molecules, so that, in the end, the robot recovers the ones with the gene clusters needed to create antibiotic molecules.
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"The presence of complex molecules, some of which were previously unknown to exist on comets, still allows comets to be a possible source of introducing complex molecules and enable the formation of life on Earth," he said.
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When you bite into, or crush, a candy made of real sugar (not an artificial sweetener) the atoms in the crystalline sugar molecules lose electrons that end up colliding with nitrogen molecules in the air we breath.
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For that you need Iota 6, or the tip‑top of the line, Iota 8, which clocks in at 99.9992 percent purity—meaning for every one billion molecules of SiO , there are only 80 molecules of impurities.
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To solve the KOR structure, I first manufactured the KOR protein to make KOR crystals, which consists of hundreds of millions of KOR molecules stacked in the same way, just like salt molecules in a salt crystal.
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They found that the strength of associative and non-associative memories are maintained by two different types of Protein Kinase M (PKM) molecules, and by blocking one of those molecules, they could decide which memory to block.
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Though water consists mostly of molecules of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O), at any given time a few of those molecules will have broken up spontaneously into positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) and negatively charged hydroxyl ions (OH-).
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Instead, the company pastes these short DNA molecules together into longer ones.
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How observers on Earth can detect molecules on entirely other goddamn planets.
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We then look for life's building block molecules such as amino acids.
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This followed the first confirmation of organic molecules on Mars in 2014.
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They're also searching for evidence of other biologically-relevant molecules on Titan.
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The scientists detected signatures consistent with large, complex, carbon-rich organic molecules.
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Part of the problem is they can't really control what molecules do.
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Antibodies are specialised protein molecules that form part of the immune system.
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Then, F12's molecules were processed by a machine that filters DNA.
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The molecules inside are exactly the same, but suddenly they change behavior.
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The rays would knock such molecules apart, liberating electrons from their atoms.
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Dr Chen wondered if molecules called heat-shock proteins might be involved.
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And computer molecules had predicted that meteorites could trigger these water plumes.
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Every barrel of crude oil contains a mix of all these molecules.
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You really can smell the difference between some of those molecules, too.
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Cytokines are molecules used by the body to signal an immune response.
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These molecules are too large to pass through the semipermeable egg membrane.
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They've produced a stop-motion film out of individual carbon monoxide molecules.
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Under ordinary conditions, this oxidative process creates chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen.
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The free-floating neurotransmitter then binds to molecules on the receiver neuron.
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A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors in the tongue.
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SCiO can analyze substances based on how their molecules interact with light.
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Larger, more unbalanced molecules like chlorofluorocarbons are even better at trapping heat.
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She is working on a book about molecules that hijack the brain.
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Dr. Levy wondered if corals might possess the complex molecules as well.
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It is that organic molecules have survived in the soil of Mars.
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Some fear that the fan itself converts oxygen molecules into carbon dioxide.
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The rover, named Pragyan, will then look for evidence of water molecules.
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Now we've found organic molecules with masses above 200 atomic mass units.
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Detecting complex organic molecules in its plumes needs further investigation, researchers said.
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Other, more complex organic molecules seem to always be more plentiful indoors.
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Embedding the molecules in ice would also protect them from drying out.
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This is a person whose intellectual molecules are clearly very well arranged.
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As temperatures rise, water molecules expand, also contributing to sea level rise.
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Children doodle molecules in their school notebooks after his class, he said.
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Through electrolysis, you can split molecules of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
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The molecules absorbed the energy from the light to propel them forward.
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She could see the molecules dancing across the surface of his skin.
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Geologists want to look at the molecules, the minerals, the crystalline structure.
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Fractional anisotropy is the directionality of water molecules moving through white matter.
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Rubbing the scent creates heat that will break up the molecules faster.
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Rubisco works at a slothful pace; 20 to 40 percent of the time it picks up oxygen molecules, rather than carbon dioxide molecules, and throws them through the photosynthetic assembly line, wasting water and energy in the process.
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As described in a new paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists were able to determine the orientation of single molecules, and watch how an assembly of molecules came together to form a higher-order structure.
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Sharpee and her colleagues instead defined odor molecules in terms of how often they're found together in nature (for the purposes of their study, they examined how frequently molecules co-occurred in samples of various fruits and other substances).
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And then—boom—the molecules stack into little hexagons, and you've got ice.
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"All life that we know of is based on organic molecules," Eigenbrode explained.
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"All life that we know of is based on organic molecules," Eigenbrode explained.
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These are molecules built from a single regular repeating unit, called a monomer.
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Life reduces to the reactions among DNA, RNA, proteins and other organic molecules.
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On the most simplistic level, molecules move about freely in the soft material.
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When hit, the molecules lock, absorbing and dispersing the energy from the impact.
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The molecules then return to moving freely and the material becomes flexible again.
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If you're boiling in a normal pot, excited molecules are escaping as steam.
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There are a finite number of molecules in any given amount of blood.
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Another IBM machine was able to simulate molecules as large as beryllium hydride.
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The green glow comes from the sunlight ionizing cyanogen and diatomic carbon molecules.
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This allows researchers to precisely manipulate tiny objects like single cells or molecules.
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Both are polymers, which consist of long strands of molecules bound together firmly.
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Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity without combustion by combining hydrogen with oxygen molecules.
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Salts lower the freezing point of water, allowing water molecules to stay liquid.
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The problem is that plenty of other molecules can also cause these changes.
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He hopes to see signs of them in the spectra of individual molecules.
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These complex organic molecules have also been found on Saturn's icy moon Iapetus.
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Proteins are the molecules that do most of the work within a cell.
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Cell walls, useless molecules and the organism's own DNA are all thrown away.
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This new discovery could produce a new arsenal of luminescent molecules for research.
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But, also, did I mention that there's a molecular sensor that measures molecules?
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Unlike most healthy cells, cancer cells are usually covered with folate-receptor molecules.
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Charged molecules, or ions, are accelerated by an electric field of known strength.
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As starch molecules cool they form new structures that are harder to digest.
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Scientists already use fluorescent molecules to track cells and proteins in biological research.
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Nitrates are simple molecules that combine three oxygen atoms with one nitrogen atom.
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But in plants, these notorious molecules appear to play a more benign role.
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Click here to view original GIFKinesin molecules traveling down a cell's microtubule structure.
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Nanopores identify molecules like DNA and Demonpore is the world's first mechanical nanopore.
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The smaller water molecules, on the other hand, can pass through the membrane.
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Molecules can interact with one another through various short-range inter-atomic forces.
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They could find more molecules that precurse biology in still-forming star systems.
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The different colors of the aurora represent the various molecules that are aglow.
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Basically, the less the molecules move around and vibrate, the lower their temperature.
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Like humans, chimpanzees have molecules in their urine that reflect their physical condition.
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In this case, these molecules appear to be linked to exposure to antibiotics.
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How it works: Plants arrange sugar molecules produced through photosynthesis to create fibers.
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Because the molecules are unstable, they have to be frozen to -213° Celsius.
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In a hot gas, this means molecules whizzing around, bouncing off the walls.
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This can make it tricky to determine the fingerprints of many biological molecules.
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This radiation is emitted into the atmosphere, where it strikes carbon dioxide molecules.
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Back in 1983, Sauvage figured out how to connect two ring-shaped molecules.
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Nearly a decade later, Stoddart threaded a ring of molecules onto an axle.
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Trust this medium of hydrogen-and-oxygen-based molecules to buoy you up.
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The molecules couldn't seem to cover and bind to the entire B.D.N.F. gene.
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Organic molecules can be made by natural processes completely divorced from life itself.
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Hence, over billions of years, these are the molecules that would have survived.
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It showed that Crispr/cas9 consisted of a protein and two RNA molecules.
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Normally, RNA molecules, spawned through DNA transcription, serve as the blueprint for proteins.
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Only when you're very close do you see what the molecules look like.
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A key tool for targeting cancer-specific pathways and molecules is the antibody.
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The yellow spot is the planet's north pole, where those molecules are sparse.
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These stem cells, when exposed to the right molecules, matured into hair cells.
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For example, where the ISS is, there are still a few air molecules.
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Each drug contains molecules that perturb, or affect, the brain in some way.
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Fuels can be tracked by using chemical markers that bind to fuel molecules.
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It's called patchouli synthase, an enzyme that allows cells to produce patchouli molecules.
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It stated that certain cannabinoid receptors interact with these molecules to regulate stress.
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We don't take all molecules and dramatically increase the price of the item.
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She is currently working on a book about molecules that hijack the brain.
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The molecules mainly in question were DNA, RNA and a few select proteins.
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The proteins pry open holes in the mitochondria, allowing molecules to pour out.
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Molecules typically join together through covalent bonds, with their atoms sharing electron pairs.
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They found a large increase in molecules involved in inflammation immediately after exercise.
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But paraoxonase breaks down other harmful molecules that our own bodies naturally produce.
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Those molecules might have been the ingredients that led to life on Earth.
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Moreover, these life-nourishing molecules sustained those higher levels for millions of years.
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These genes govern cellular proteins that help the immune system recognize foreign molecules.
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Special cells in the skin contain pouches, called melanosomes, packed with pigment molecules.
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It has to do with how the soap molecules interact with the virus.
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Using the telescope array, astronomers spotted the origin of molecules like phosphorus monoxide.
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Its molecules connect to form long chains that run parallel to each other.
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To see this, they injected the molecules into a 5-meter-long tube.
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What happens to these giant carbon molecules over very long periods of time?
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When these molecules collide, they cause a very subtle dip in infrared radiation.
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Even the jiggling of adjacent molecules can interrupt them and sully a calculation.
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Imagine molecules of water arranged loosely, as water vapor just begins to freeze.
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Dispersion of sunlight by air molecules is why the daytime sky is blue.
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A lot of that is from pro-inflammatory molecules that are floating around.
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The Beyoncé on the right is a meticulously-crafted collection of molecules. Why?
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A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate made up of a chain of sugar molecules.
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Frequent sea fogs disable surveillance equipment when molecules of water create atmospheric noise.
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There are thousands of variations, all characterized by extremely strong daisy chains of carbon and fluorine molecules and differentiated mostly by the length of their "tails" — the string of carbon molecules that can be anywhere from two to 123 units long.
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Every time the contents of your cooler come into contact with the warmer air outside, those faster-moving molecules get in there and poke your cold molecules in the ribs, making them move faster—and making your beer a little warmer.
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Thanks to the careful measurements of NOAA scientists and others, we know that there are about 1,850 molecules of methane in the atmosphere for every billion molecules of air—typically shorthanded as parts per billion, or ppb—in today's atmosphere.
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Finding ancient organic molecules in the top 5 centimeters of rock that was deposited when Mars may have been habitable bodes well for us to learn the story of organic molecules on Mars with future missions that will drill deeper.
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This allows these molecules to more easily 'escape,' or evaporate from a liquid's surface until an equilibrium is established in the container—that is, as many molecules are returning to a liquid state as are evaporating into a gaseous state.
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The researchers then pour a solvent on the paper and send a small electrical charge through the paper, which releases the molecules and sends them into the spectrometer's analyzer and detector, which measure and record the mass of the molecules.
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And we only understand a fraction of what all of those molecules are doing.
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These warm spells would end when the Sun's light broke down the methane molecules.
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The LSD molecules eventually pop off their receptors as the receptor's "lid" moves around.
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NASA revealed the Curiosity rover found organic molecules on Mars on June 7, 2018.
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In experiments, 80 percent of cargo molecules were sorted, so there's room for improvement.
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The smell came from a series of sulfur-containing molecules, like methanethiol and dimethylsulfide.
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They require iron-binding molecules made by other members of the community to survive.
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Interleukins are a class of molecules called cytokines that are used in cellular signaling.
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Its dense mix of hydrogen molecules and helium atoms constantly produce stars and planets.
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Another point of argument is that plants, when injured, synthesize molecules with anesthetic power.
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A recently published study in the Astrophysical Journal Letters explores the soccer ball molecules.
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Methane gas and organic molecules are routinely generated by prosaic geological and chemical processes.
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Researchers have also noticed high levels of molecules called cytokines in people with hangovers.
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The number of molecules approved for clinical trials in China has ballooned (see chart).
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Chemists can tune the properties of these structures to attract specific molecules like water.
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In particular, they allow chemists the freedom to design molecules for a desired application.
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Stanford scientists then synthesize molecules in the lab based on the players' designs. 10.
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CAR molecules help liver tissue to regenerate, since excess acid damages tissue, inhibiting regeneration.
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First, molecules are "featurized," or turned into representations that work with machine learning algorithms.
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They chemically changed the molecules by adding bridges to lock the blades in place.
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The hammering of atmospheric molecules these rays handed out, they suggest, caused more lightning.
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Each Hsp90 molecule, he found, was bonding simultaneously to two alpha-4 integrin molecules.
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The charged particles accelerate and smash into gas molecules in the atmosphere, producing light.
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But the basic molecules from each macronutrient play very different roles within the body.
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"It was tricky to get the bacteria to keep producing the molecules," said McPhail.
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Microwave ovens use microwave radiation to vibrate the molecules in food, eventually cooking it.
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The gas reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone.
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That explosive effect is due to so-called Van der Waals forces between molecules.
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Those molecules were crucial in helping form everything we know, but they're also absent.
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The kinesin molecules then start moving, sliding the microtubules until the structure breaks apart.
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It relies on the reaction of soil bacteria to molecules secreted by plant roots.
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Made of polyurethane or polyimide plastics and coated with silane molecules, Darling and co.
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A racemic mixture is made from the equal combination of two near-identical molecules.
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It requires an initial crystal, or nucleus, to form and begin attracting other molecules.
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Once that DNA is identified, they then hunt for molecules that interfere with it.
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A single robot walked back and forth, delivering the molecules to the appropriate locations.
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When sunlight hits these airborne chemicals, it unleashes chlorine atoms which destroy ozone molecules.
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A company also recently developed a wristband that detects alcohol molecules through the skin.
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For example, the chemical difference between fentanyl and carfentanil is just a few molecules.
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Most sugars are essentially combinations of two molecules, glucose and fructose, in different ratios.
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Could such sediments have protected organic molecules for such a vast expanse of time?
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Usually, scientists create images of proteins by taking millions of snaps of different molecules.
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What about those exotic new psychoactive molecules constantly being introduced to the black market?
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In the body's normal metabolic processes, molecules called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced.
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Solution methods typically produce impure alane because solvent molecules tend to stick to it.
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This dish can detect faint radio signals emitted by collections of molecules in space.
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At that time, her sculpture had come to resemble strings of molecules working together.
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That's when the entire universe is the same temperature, and all molecules stop moving.
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Radiation broke apart the water molecules, and the lighter hydrogen atoms escaped to space.
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It's the first conclusive evidence for large organic molecules on the surface of Mars.
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Our cells can coat their DNA with molecules that suppress viral genes, for example.
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This requires forcing molecules together into long chains — called polymers — that are inherently unstable.
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Often, plastics are mixtures of polymers — big, long-chained molecules — and small-molecule additives.
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They share the artisanally crafted molecules needed to extract essential iron from their surroundings.
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I'd argue even the skin is changed, its molecules rearranged in some fundamental way.
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Specific colors of light absorbed by the air provide fingerprints that identify specific molecules.
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Directed evolution is an iterative process scientists use to design biological molecules like enzymes.
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The team analyzed his blood over the course of 14 months, tracking 40,000 molecules.
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The exact same molecules make up the flavor of peanuts and hazelnuts, for instance.
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In the end, a few smidgens of organics remained, including benzene and propane molecules.
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But the scientists cannot say what the larger molecules were or how they formed.
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Glass is a liquid in suspended animation, a liquid whose molecules curiously cannot flow.
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Carbon molecules used and produced by living organisms have been identified on the planet.
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Though if the molecules of our body vanish, they will be gone for good.
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The cells may also release signaling molecules of their own, known as growth factors.
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Cooking alters the structure of many molecules, making more energy available to the mice.
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DDT molecules endure for decades and accumulate in animals higher up the food chain.
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Some of the cameras break the light into separate wavelengths to identify specific molecules.
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The atmosphere was thicker than Earth's and contained methane and other carbon-based molecules.
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Since molecules of cocaine have a unique mass, the spectrometer can detect their presence.
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It secretes adiponectin, which removes glucose, fat molecules, and toxic lipids from the bloodstream.
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The drugs are synthetic molecules that bear similarity to male sex hormones -- namely, testosterone.
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A cracker plant breaks down large molecules from oil and gas into smaller ones.
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These crystals grow by incorporating water molecules from the surrounding air into their pattern.
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The instabilities and the interactions among countless molecules are too complicated to unravel entirely.
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These are special protein molecules made by the immune system in response to infection.
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|
The cells exposed to vaped liquid also secreted a host of inflammation-inducing molecules.
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Water molecules are positively charged at one end and negatively charged at the other.
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When an electrical source is applied to these surfaces, a user of the device can tune them so that they bind with specific pollutant molecules found in a given water sample—even if these molecules are only found in parts-per-million concentrations.
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Unlike a natural essence, which is made up of dozens of molecules (lemon oil contains approximately 20 different molecules; rose oil has more than 100), a synthetic aromachemical is often just a single molecule, which, according to Aftel, makes its scent less complex.
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"I'd studied astronomy and I'd studied cosmology and fully understood that the molecules in my body and the molecules in my partners' bodies and in the spacecraft had been prototyped in some ancient generation of stars," he said in the short documentary, Overview.
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|
His model, detailed in a paper that he posted online in October, describes the dance of water molecules near the freezing point and how the particular movements of those molecules may account for the panoply of crystals that form under different conditions.
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The firm's system is based on 100 different DNA molecules, each ten base pairs long.
|
|
Eigenbrode explained that the organic molecules found on Mars are not specific evidence of life.
|
|
The seemingly random motion was caused by individual water molecules bumping into each pollen grain.
|
|
These observations reveal that maybe SELENBP1 produces an enzyme responsible for breaking odorous molecules down.
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|
Lots of other molecules cause the kind of measurable changes glucose does, making accuracy difficult.
|
|
The variety of organic molecules that Curiosity recently discovered on the Red Planet included chlorobenzene.
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|
Well, humanity's latest probe to the Martian surface isn't just interested in rocks and molecules.
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AHR is a molecule that binds small environmental molecules together, including dioxin and agent orange.
|
|
We identified indoles as molecules that appear to make diverse animals live better for longer.
|
|
The radiation can also be used to study individual atoms or molecules under extreme conditions.
|
|
"Historically we've been able to manipulate humans with small molecules [used as drugs]," he said.
|
|
Tang's lab synthesizes artificial cells made of polymers, lipids and proteins that resemble biochemical molecules.
|
|
And organic molecules are, of course, the warp and woof of all life on Earth.
|
|
The colors of the scattered light reveal the kinds of molecules present in the eggs.
|
|
The Curiosity rover recently found 3.5-billion-year-old organic molecules in Mars' Gale crater.
|
|
Conventional molecules are held together by bonds in which electrons from neighbouring atoms pair up.
|
|
If wavelengths are the basic components of light, molecules are the building blocks of scents.
|
|
Normal ketamine is a mixture of two molecules that are mirror images of each other.
|
|
Specifically, the instrument will look at how much sunlight is absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules.
|
|
In an article published today in the journal Science, scientists engineered pulleys out of molecules.
|
|
Inflammation-triggering molecules spread from the infection, and some may end up in the fetus.
|
|
It was 2001, and Dr. Tang's observation defied everything then known about light-emitting molecules.
|
|
They are incorporated into your molecules and eventually decay and produce radiation in your body.
|
|
The new study does suggest the shorter chain molecules could pass into food more easily.
|
|
Resistant starch is a set of carbohydrate molecules resistant to the body's own digestive enzymes.
|
|
Image: The Rockefeller UniversityThe models found that various properties of molecules correlated with various smells.
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The goal here is to design molecules to counteract those that give rise to diseases.
|
|
The genes comprising a potential circuit are then assembled into circular DNA molecules called plasmids.
|
|
Now, the first discovery of chiral molecules beyond our solar system could lead to answers.
|
|
The molecules of antidepressants and other contaminants are too small for treatment plants to catch.
|
|
Other exotic molecules looked like peptides, sort of like proteins except smaller and ring-shaped.
|
|
Those first molecules were crucial in helping form everything we know, but they're also absent.
|
|
The RNA molecules in these brains had all been sequenced into something called a transcriptome.
|
|
They then sound the alarm by producing small hormone-like molecules called cytokines and chemokines.
|
|
Specifically, he has examined hydroxyl radicals, which are water molecules stripped of one hydrogen atom.
|
|
It's the oldest fossil ever discovered to still contain traces of these color-giving molecules.
|
|
Biologic drugs are large molecules made using biological processes, and they tend to be expensive.
|
|
Scientists now report that Rosetta detected complex organic molecules in the dust surrounding its comet.
|
|
Quantum theory works extremely well at the scale of photons, electrons, atoms, molecules, even macromolecules.
|
|
Glycoproteins are molecules of protein that have lots of additional carbohydrate groups added to them.
|
|
They're exploring whether parts of molecules called chromophores might be responsible for the spot's color.
|
|
Those "receptor" proteins would be molecules built in some sort of double-chain-like configuration.
|
|
Right now, we don't know if we can use the molecules that these bacteria produce.
|
|
The researchers compare the water molecules to fireworks, whose colors come from chemicals emitting light.
|
|
Remember condoms can hold air or water — molecules that are much, much smaller than viruses.
|
|
It might even contain amino acids and organic molecules, the building blocks for our DNA.
|
|
Chandrayaan-1, India's maiden lunar mission, discovered water molecules on the surface of the moon.
|
|
Lee told me the biggest challenge is figuring out the concentrations of the different molecules.
|
|
They spun and whirred, demonstrating just how well they could, I don't know, separate molecules?
|
|
That happens when molecules attach to them and prevent the genetic blueprint from being read.
|
|
That's not feasible for, say, a dust grain floating among countless billions of air molecules.
|
|
Some of the atmospheric molecules would get so hot they could escape into interplanetary space.
|
|
Finally, the researchers did computer simulations of how CB1 would interact with molecules like THC.
|
|
To say there are a lot of molecules out there is kind of an understatement.
|
|
As a spectroscopic chemist, Dr. Kroto used electromagnetic radiation to reveal the structures of molecules.
|
|
Perhaps sediments accumulated in this lake that could have trapped, concentrated, and protected organic molecules.
|
|
Previous techniques often required the use of dyes or fixatives to help see these molecules.
|
|
To demonstrate that, researchers analyzed water molecules in oceans for indicators of their ancient past.
|
|
One tiny atom of chlorine in the lower stratosphere can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone.
|
|
So far, we've learned that the primordial object contains methanol, water ice, and organic molecules.
|
|
About half of any olfactory receptor sits outside the cell, ready to interact with molecules.
|
|
Some halogens are naturally toxic, and some become especially deadly when combined with other molecules.
|
|
The transcriptome is a set of all messenger RNA molecules in one or more cells.
|
|
Do the molecules that once made up a living, breathing human transform into something else?
|
|
It's already showing us that it's got active, organic molecules being spewed out into space.
|
|
Items or molecules with feminine energy are associated with tranquility, calm, stillness, unity, and patience.
|
|
This is the kind of web of molecules and effects that the system sorts through.
|
|
"Nicotine hits the brain," he said, tinkering with molecules that affect mood and other pathways.
|
|
Brands like the Inkey List and Good Molecules launched with similar concepts and price points.
|
|
Sanitizers "actually work in a similar way, the alcohol molecules are somewhat amphiphiles," he says.
|
|
These molecules support physiological processes in the body like detoxification, metabolism, antioxidation and cellular repair.
|
|
That enabled the electron microscope technique to view the embedded molecules instead of the ice.
|
|
They are like frozen disorganized liquids, containing a lot of empty, random gaps between molecules.
|
|
Polyurethane is a polymer, a large molecule that consists of multiple smaller molecules called monomers.
|
|
Another technique is to look for more persistent molecules known to be associated with pigments.
|
|
These molecules are common products of animal metabolism and are also found in some plants.
|
|
But the infrared results could have been produced by molecules other than chitin, he added.
|
|
Scientists did not know how to apply it to most molecules, like large biological ones.
|
|
Its molecules seemed to be tunneling between just as many two-level systems as usual.
|
|
To edit genes with Crispr, scientists craft molecules that enter the nucleus of a cell.
|
|
During manic episodes, many patients have elevated levels of cytokines, molecules secreted by immune cells.
|
|
For the scientifically minded, commelinin is a metalloanthocyanin: basically magnesium ions cavorting with anthocyanin molecules.
|
|
When viruses interact with soap, that fat coating gets ripped out by the soap molecules.
|
|
Plants modify tyrosine by adding other molecules to create an enormous array of useful substances.
|
|
The molecules containing phosphorus are made in the wake of massive stars as they form.
|
|
Red cells carrying sickle hemoglobin molecules survive only one-fifth as long as normal cells.
|
|
The size of these molecules beats the previous record by two and a half times.
|
|
Then, the molecules passed through a sequence of metal grates containing thin, nanometers-wide slits.
|
|
Instead he was keen to emphasise that Merck is committed to "developing really good molecules".
|
|
Only molecules almost identical to the fentanyl molecule, with specified minor structural differences, are controlled.
|
|
Argon gas at the bottom of the reactors carries the PFAS molecules to the surface.
|
|
Once the carbon and fluorine molecules have been separated, the PFAS compound is effectively destroyed.
|
|
It is coated with frozen methanol - a type of alcohol - and unidentified complex organic molecules.
|
|
Curiosity has found molecules twice that large, suggesting biological processes may have been at work.
|
|
For example, the immune system can mistake "self" glycans as if they were "foreign" molecules.
|
|
"We're looking for chemical signatures"—organic molecules that living matter on Earth tends to produce.
|
|
The science of atoms and molecules was not yet available to aid in the explanation.
|
|
The energy from the Sun allows the vapour molecules to un-stick from the MOF.
|
|
Oxygen is highly flammable, making gas molecules within a flame much hotter and more excitable.
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