1000 Sentences With "Modern Greek" | Random Sentence Generator

In the years after my first trip to Greece, I swung between modern Greek and ancient Greek, cramming modern Greek before a trip, returning to ancient Greek when I got home.

Today I'm craving the modern Greek salad from Panera ($12).

It read like a modern Greek myth of a hero's journey.

The words for the seasons are especially beautiful in modern Greek.

They named him Dias, the modern Greek name for the god Zeus, and took him in.

So I registered at N.Y.U.'s School of Continuing Education for a class in modern Greek.

Today, there is more evidence of a Byzantine legacy rather than an Ancient Greek or Modern Greek footprint.

They become akin to our pantheon of modern Greek (and Asian) gods, fighting battles at a larger scale.

Komi: Headed by chef Johnny Monis, this modern Greek spot is a jewel in DC's fine dining crown.

Britain, as a leading economic, political, military and technological power, has had inordinate influence on modern Greek history.

It didn't improve my mediocre athletic abilities, and my study of modern Greek was as haphazard and ineffective as ever.

They share a centuries-long history of bloodshed and strife: Today's modern Greek republic was once ruled by the Ottoman Empire.

In modern Greek, epítheto means "adjective," but Homeric epithets are loaded, often thrillingly ambiguous, and can act as a catalyst for drama.

The past is as present and alive in the culture of the modern Italian as it is in the culture of the modern Greek.

As I got deeper into Greek, I found another mentor in Dorothy Gregory, a professor at Barnard who agreed to tutor me in modern Greek.

Psi looks like a trident, attribute of Poseidon, god of the sea, and it is the first letter in the modern-Greek word for "fish": ψάρι ( psári ).

Specializing in modern Greek cuisine, this cliffside restaurant in Lefki offers outdoor terrace seating with unmatched views of the Strait of Ithaca and the island of Cephalonia.

There is a legible correspondence between the building's exterior and the modern Greek flag, and ancient Greek culture did promote sexual relationships between adolescent boys and adult men.

In both ancient and modern Greek, it has a range of senses, covering many different things, trivial and grave, that might try, test or vex us or somehow throw us off course.

Mdidlesex is a modern Greek epic that tracks the Stephanides family's journey from Asia Minor to Detroit, and eventually how that journey produced Cal Stephanides, the self-described "most famous hermaphrodite in history."

It said that he was aware that I had recently published a translation of the works of the modern Greek poet Constantine Cavafy, who lived in Alexandria at the turn of the last century.

Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads I always buy a book when I pass through the Athens airport, whose bookshop is stocked with translations of modern Greek literature that are hard to find elsewhere.

Then he plucked a slim paperback off a nearby shelf—"A Modern Greek Reader for Beginners," by J. T. Pring—bent over it till his eyes were inches from the page, and started to translate.

Ayin, which was round like an eye, became omicron—literally, "small O." Later, the Greeks added upsilon, which probably had the sound of "u" (oo) but has evolved into an "e" (ee) sound in modern Greek.

Palatial hotels offer a glimpse into the city's storied past, while a revitalized waterfront district refreshes the longstanding Greek concept of the agora, with modern Greek restaurants and grand plazas offering new venues for cultural development.

One of the most famous structures to suffer fire's destructive power is Hagia Sophia (in the modern Greek, "Holy Wisdom"), a former cathedral and then mosque which now serves as a museum in Istanbul, in modern day Turkey.

In "Omeros" — the title is the modern Greek word for Homer — Mr. Walcott cast his net wide, embracing all of Caribbean history from time immemorial, with special attention to the slave trade, and refracting its story through Homeric legend.

It is always a challenge to take a traditional Party that has played a significant role in modern Greek history and change it towards the better but that was a mandate I received when I was elected the leader of New Democracy.

For vegans Our picks: Modern Greek salad with quinoa but without feta It can be challenging to find nutrient-rich vegan options that please the palate, but this salad offers a tasty combo of kale, romaine, kalamata olives and heart-healthy almonds -- all tossed with Greek dressing.

Created 150 years ago as a fighting force that distinguished itself in a series of wars, the unit is now purely ceremonial in function, codifying in its dress and routine a popular conception of Greekness that evolved since the modern Greek state was formed nearly two centuries ago.

Mr. Papademos's government had reinforced the prejudices of populists on the left and right, who claimed that foreign interests were trampling over Greece's democracy; at the same time, it failed to break the pattern of fraternal squabbles that have plagued Greece's politics from the start of the modern Greek state.

The joke in town is that the most famous rivalry in modern Greek history — between Stavros Niarchos and Aristotle Onassis, shadowy shipping magnates who spent their lives feuding over business and romantic interests — now plays out along Siggrou Avenue and through the prolific cultural programming, grants, residencies and public works of their respective legacy foundations.

Working with Kyriakos Antoniou and colleagues at the University of Cyprus and the Cyprus University of Technology we studied the cognitive performance of children who grew up speaking both Cypriot Greek and Standard Modern Greek — two varieties of Greek which are closely related but differ from each other on all levels of language analysis (vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar).

The names presented are in Classical Greek spelling, specifically of the Attic dialect, scientific transliteration of Classical Greek, standard Modern Greek, the United Nations transliteration for Modern Greek, and the Modern Greek pronunciation in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Modern Greek theatre refers to the theatrical production and theatrical plays written in the Modern Greek language, from the post-Byzantine times until today.

The Dictionary of Standard Modern GreekDictionary of Standard Modern Greek (official translation of the title at greek-language.gr portal). Literal translation: Dictionary of Common Neohellenic. () is a monolingual dictionary of Modern Greek published by the Institute of Modern Greek Studies (Manolis Triantafyllidis Foundation)ins.web.auth.

' The modern Greek people still sometimes use Romioi to refer to themselves, as well as the term "Romaic" ("Roman") to refer to their Modern Greek language.; ; .

Brown University's Committee of Modern Greek Studies sponsors the Department Of Classics Language instruction began in 1972. Instruction in Modern Greek literature and history began in 1995.

Through this relationship, the merchants came to admire Moisiodax's support for the teaching of Modern Greek in schools. As more students learned Modern Greek, the more this commercial society could grow since Modern Greek was necessary to participate in commerce across the Greek Diaspora. Several of these merchants provided Moisiodax with financial support which he used to publish his works that advocated for the teaching of Modern Greek.

This variant is commonly called Modern Greek. The contemporary linguistic situation in Cyprus is also diglossic, with Modern Greek taking the H role, and Cypriot Greek the L role.

For details of the formation and use of the Greek perfect, see Ancient Greek verbs (see also ). For the (compound) perfect found in modern Greek, see Modern Greek verbs.

In Modern Greek usage, the term means simply "administrator, commander".

Although popular Byzantine literature and early Modern Greek literature both began in the 11th century, the two are indistinguishable."The Modern Greek language in its relation to Ancient Greek", E. M. Geldart Modern Greek literature refers to literature written in common Modern Greek, emerging from late Byzantine times in the 11th century. The Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is undoubtedly the masterpiece of this period of Greek literature. It is a verse romance written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553–1613).

The Dictionary of Modern Greek (), more commonly known as Babiniotis Dictionary (Λεξικό Μπαμπινιώτη), is a well-known dictionary of Modern Greek published in Greece by Lexicology Centre and supervised by Greek linguist Georgios Babiniotis.

The name of the letter is written in Ancient Greek and traditional Modern Greek polytonic orthography, while in Modern Greek it is written . Letters that arose from nu include Roman N and Cyrillic Н.

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies or BMGS is a peer reviewed British journal which contains articles that pertain to both Byzantine Studies and Modern Greek studies, i.e. the language, literature, history and archaeology of the post-classical Greek world, from Late Antiquity to the present day, and also reviews of recent books of importance to Byzantine and Modern Greek studies. It is published annually, from 1975 to the current day, by the Centre of Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham.

The Modern Greek Studies Association (MGSA) is a scholarly organization for modern Greek studies in North America. It was founded in 1968. It is interdisciplinary, covering language, history, politics, economics, society, and the arts of modern Greece, broadly defined. The MGSA sponsors the Journal of Modern Greek Studies (1983- , , e-), the only scholarly periodical to focus exclusively on modern Greece.

The distribution of major modern Greek dialect areas. Modern Greek language (Νεοελληνική γλώσσα) is the only official language of the Hellenic Republic, and is spoken by some 99.5% of the population — about 11,100,000 peoplecia.gov (though not necessarily as a first language). Standard Modern Greek is the officially used standard, but there are several non-official dialects and distinct Hellenic languages spoken as well.

Kōnstantinos Dēmaras. A history of modern Greek literature. SUNY Press, 1972. , p.

The infinitive per se does not exist in Modern Greek. To see this, consider the ancient Greek ἐθέλω γράφειν “I want to write”. In modern Greek this becomes θέλω να γράψω “I want _that_ I write”. In modern Greek, the infinitive has thus changed form and function and is used mainly in the formation of periphrastic tense forms and not with an article or alone.

The modern Greek prefecture of Achaea is largely based on the ancient region.

Moisiodax also argued that students should be taught to write using simple grammar in the Modern Greek language. Although he believed that Ancient Greek and Liturgical Hellenistic Greek could still be taught in schools, Moisiodax argued that learning Modern Greek was a utilitarian idea. It would be useful for students to learn Modern Greek since it was commonly used in several areas of Greek society including commerce and law.

Thomas W. Gallant is a historian who specializes in modern Greek history and archaeology.Thomas Gallant profile at the UC San Diego dept. of historyThomas Gallant's webpage at the UC San Diego He is holder of the Nicholas Family Endowed Chair in Modern Greek History at the University of California, San Diego. From 2002 to 2007 he held the Hellenic Heritage Foundation Chair of Modern Greek History at York University in Toronto.

"Daphni" is the modern Greek name that means "laurel grove", derived from Daphneion (Lauretum).

Encyclopedias also flourished in this period. Modern Greek literature is written in common Modern Greek. The Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is one of the most significant works from this time period. Adamantios Korais and Rigas Feraios are two of the most notable figures.

The eight languages were English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, ancient Greek, modern Greek, and Latin.

Krivoruchko, J. G. "Not Only Cherubs: Lexicon of Hebrew and Aramaic Origin in Standard Modern Greek (SG) and Modern Greek Dialects." In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Modern Greek Dialects and Linguistic Theory, ed. Mark Janse, Angeliki Ralli and Brian Joseph, Patras: University of Patras, 205-219. The Hebrew-Aramaic component would be written down in ways reflecting traditional Romaniote pronunciation, for example Shalom, was spelled and written as Salom (Σαλώμ).

To this day, the Ouranis foundation, run by the Academy of Athens, grants scholarships to foreign students studying Modern Greek Literature, gives each year awards for prose, poetry and essay and publishes works of Greek Literature under the series Νεοελληνική Βιβλιοθήκη (Modern Greek Library).

Pentakosiarch (; in Modern Greek usually πεντακοσίαρχος, pentakosiarchos), meaning "commander of 500". is a Greek military rank.

Other modern Greek architects include Anastasios Metaxas, Panagis Kalkos, Ernst Ziller, Dimitris Pikionis and Georges Candilis.

Lakedaimona was until 2006 the name of a province in the modern Greek prefecture of Laconia.

Yale's Hellenic Studies Program was established in July 2001. It organizes lectures, symposia, conferences and supports faculty and student scholarly activities, as well as cultural events. It offers a program of instruction in modern Greek at the elementary, intermediate and advanced levels and cooperates closely with Yale's Center for Language Study on the development of teaching aids. The Program offers courses in modern Greek literature and culture as well as in Ottoman and modern Greek history.

Modern linguistics has come to call the resulting variety "Standard Modern Greek" to distinguish it from the pure original Demotic of earlier literature and traditional vernacular speech. Greek authors sometimes use the term "Modern Greek Koiné" (Νεοελληνική Κοινή Neoellinikí Koiní, literally 'Common Modern Greek'), reviving the term koiné that otherwise refers to the "common" form of post-classical Ancient Greek; according to these scholars, Modern Greek Koiné is the "supra-dialect product of the composition of both the Demotic and Katharevousa."Babiniotis (2007), 29 Indeed, Standard Modern Greek has incorporated a large amount of vocabulary from the learned tradition, especially through the registers of academic discourse, politics, technology and religion; together with these, it has incorporated a number of morphological features associated with their inflectional paradigms, as well as some phonological features not originally found in pure Demotic.

A central Anatolian rug.Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Tuzla ;Tzatziki: from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.

Medieval works suggest that Modern Greek started shaping as early as the 10th century, with one of the first works being the epic poem of Digenis Acritas. However, the first literary activity which was important enough to be identified as "modern Greek literature" was done in the Cretan dialect during the 16th century. Erotokritos is undoubtedly the masterpiece of the Cretan literature, and a supreme achievement of modern Greek literature. It is a romantic work written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553–1613).

The modern Greek name comes from the Byzantine Greek, substituting the modern word αυγό for the ancient word .

The play, was translated into English in 1939.Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, 2004, p. 397.

The Stoibadeion (in Modern Greek: Stoivadeion) is a temple to Dionysos located on the Greek island of Delos.

In the common dialect (koine) that succeeded the older dialects, ζ became , as it remains in modern Greek.

Hellenic is the branch of the Indo-European language family whose principal member is Greek.In other contexts, "Hellenic" and "Greek" are generally synonyms. In most classifications, Hellenic consists of Greek alone,Browning (1983), Medieval and Modern Greek, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Joseph, Brian D. and Irene Philippaki-Warburton (1987): Modern Greek.

It was not until Aristophanes of Byzantium introduced the various accent markings during the Hellenistic period that the spiritus asper began to represent /h/, resulting in the modern Greek spelling . In modern Greek the /h/ phoneme has disappeared altogether, but the accent on the is retained in the standard spelling.

However, in modern Greek it has come to mean "masturbation", and its derivative μαλάκας – malakas means "one who masturbates".

Dean Kalimniou was born in Melbourne, Australia in 1977. He studied law and arts, majoring in Modern Greek studies.

The Mavromichalis (, , ) family is a prominent clan from Mani Peninsula, which played a major role in modern Greek history.

In 1923 he married (Μέλπω Λογοθέτη), noted for her collection of Modern Greek folk songs. Merlier died in Athens.

Thomas Oikonomou (Greek: Θωμάς Οικονόμου, 1864–1927) was a Greek actor and one of the first modern Greek directors.

Yannoulis Chalepas (, August 14, 1851 – September 15, 1938) was a Greek sculptor and significant figure of Modern Greek art.

He spent a year in Athens (1954–1955) where, apart from learning modern Greek, he also mastered the bouzouki.

The Koraes Chair is named in honour of Adamantios Koraes, the founding father of the modern Greek nation state.

Gallia remains a name of France in modern Greek (Γαλλία) and modern Latin (besides the alternatives Francia and Francogallia).

Friar, Kimon, Modern Greek Poetry, (Efstathiadis Group S.A., 1993), p. 316.The Charioteer: An Annual Review of Modern Greek Culture. Numbers 33/34 1991-1992 (Pella Publishing Company, Inc.), p. 261. He also wrote a poem about Kostas Georgakis, the student who set himself ablaze in Genoa as a protest against the junta.

She was convenor of the weekly General Seminar of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at Birmingham.

Cretan Greek, or the Cretan dialect (, ), is a variety of Modern Greek spoken in Crete and by the Cretan diaspora.

The term is sometimes used by women to address each other and remains the regular Modern Greek term for "bride".

Aside from being a source of historical and cultural information about the period, this work has also been called a "monument of Modern Greek literature", as it is written in pure Demotic Greek. Indeed, its literary quality led Nobel laureate Giorgos Seferis to call Makriyannis one of the greatest masters of Modern Greek prose.

This was followed by a lectureship at the department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Amsterdam from 1980 to 1992, where he received his doctorate in 1990 with a thesis on liberal writers during the dictatorship of Metaxas and the occupation (1936-1944). In 1992 Dimadis was appointed professor of Modern Greek language and literature at the University of Groningen as successor to Willem J. Aerts. From 1996 until his retirement in 2007, he was professor of Modern Greek studies at the Freie Universität Berlin.

During his time, the Greek language question was already in discussion between the "archaists" and proponents of a simpler language. Another problem was that a common accepted form of Modern Greek (what came to be much later Demotic -language of the people- or Standard Modern Greek) didn't exist, as in every region Greek people were speaking different idioms. Korais decided to take the "middle path" and cleanse the language from elements that he considered to be too "vulgar". This effort ultimately led to his publishing of Atakta, the first modern Greek dictionary.

Manolis A. Triantafyllidis (; Athens, 15 November 1883 – Athens, 20 April 1959) was a major representative of the demotic movement in education in Greece. M.Triantafillidis He was mostly active in Thessaloniki, at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He is well known for his comprehensive grammar of Modern Greek. There is an institute named after him at the University of Thessaloniki (the Manolis Triantafyllidis Foundation, also known as the Institute of Modern Greek Studies), under whose auspices the Triantafyllidis Dictionary (formally, Dictionary of Common Modern Greek [Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής], 1998) was published.

Beaton spent three years as the Ouranis Foundation Fellow in Modern Greek at the University of Birmingham (1977–80) before joining King's College London in 1981 as a lecturer. He was appointed Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's College in 1988,"Professor Roderick Beaton", King's College London. Retrieved 28 August 2019. and was also head of the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies from 1988 to 1994 and again from 1995 to 1998, and director of the Centre for Hellenic Studies from 2012 to 2016.

The pronunciation suggested here, though far from being universal, is essentially that of Modern Greek except for the continued roundedness of .

Descendant of Georgios Roilos is Panagiotis Roilos, George Seferis, Professor of Modern Greek Studies and Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard.

He taught an entire generation of Greek mathematicians, and is thus seen as the founder of the modern Greek analysis school.

Koroni became part of the modern Greek state in 1828, when it was liberated by the French General Nicolas Joseph Maison.

Athanasios Psalidas (; 1767–1829), was a Greek author, scholar and one of the most renowned figures of the modern Greek Enlightenment.

In Greek mythology, Troezen (, homophone of treason; ancient Greek: Τροιζήν, modern Greek: Τροιζήνα ) was the eponymous king of the city Troezen.

A key collection of modern Greek riddles is N. G. Polites, 'Demode Ainigmata', in Neohellenika Analekta, I (Athens, 1870), 193-256.

Many of the male population of Examilia were seamen. Modern Greek Language, is the main official language spoken in this village.

The Greek element in Cappadocian is to a large extent Byzantine, e.g. θír or tír 'door' from (Ancient and) Byzantine Greek θύρα (Modern Greek θύρα), píka or épka 'I did' from Byzantine Greek έποικα (Modern Greek έκανα). Other, pre-Byzantine, archaisms are the use of the possessive adjectives mó(n), só(n) etc. from Ancient Greek ἐμός, σός, etc.

The everyday language of Greek Cypriots is Cypriot Greek, a dialect of Modern Greek. It shares certain characteristics with varieties of Crete, the Dodecanese and Chios, as well as those of Asia Minor. Greek Cypriots are generally educated in Standard Modern Greek, though they tend to speak it with an accent and preserve some Cypriot Greek grammar.

It is a verse romance written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553–1613). Modern Greek literature is significantly influenced by the Diafotismos, a movement that translated the ideas of the European Enlightenment into the Greek world. Adamantios Korais and Rigas Feraios are two prominent figures of this movement. Today, Modern Greek Literature participates in the global literary community.

Konstantinos A. Dimadis (; born November 1940) is a Greek scholar and emeritus professor in Modern Greek studies at the Freie Universität Berlin.

Thálatta (θάλαττα, pronounced ) is the Attic form of the word. In Ionic, Doric, Koine, Byzantine, and Modern Greek it is thálassa (θάλασσα).

Powell went on to learn other languages, including Welsh (in which he jointly edited a medieval legal text), modern Greek, and Portuguese.

The Greek language question was finally laid to rest on 30 April 1976, when Article 2 of Law 309—still written in Katharevousa—stipulated that Modern Greek should be the sole language of education at all levels, starting with the school year 1977–78. This Law defined Modern Greek as: > ... the Demotic that has been developed into a Panhellenic instrument of > expression by the Greek People and the acknowledged writers of the Nation, > properly constructed, without regional and extreme forms. However this demotic was far from the "vulgar grocers' language" of two centuries before. It had absorbed elements of Katharevousa and evolved into what is now generally called Standard Modern Greek or SMG (to distinguish it from plain Modern Greek, which covers everything since the fall of Constantinople in 1453).

Theoklitos Farmakidis (born Theoharis Farmakidis; ; 1784–1860) was a Greek scholar and journalist. He was a notable figure of the Modern Greek Enlightenment.

Despina Liozidou Shermister is a Greek-born Israeli lexicographer and translator, best known for publishing the first modern Greek-Hebrew, Hebrew- Greek dictionary.

Et cetera is a calque of the Koine Greek () meaning 'and the other things'. The typical Modern Greek form is (), 'and the remainder'.

Heimara sank few metres southwest of Kavallianni and overall 385 people drowned. It was the most deadly maritime accident in modern Greek history.

Modern Greek in Asia Minor. A study of dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Greek inscription in Mustafapasa, Cappadocia.

Architecture was built using bated and phenixes-a special type of grass in Greece mixed in white paste. Urban plan of Patras, 1830 The architecture of the modern Greek cities, especially the old centres ("old towns") is mostly influenced either by the Ottoman or the Venetian architecture, two forces that dominated the Greek space from the early modern period. After the Greek Independence, the modern Greek architects tried to combine traditional Greek and Byzantine elements and motives with the western European movements and styles. Patras was the first city of the modern Greek state to develop a city plan.

A copy of Erotokritos released in 1713 Medieval works suggest that Modern Greek started shaping as early as the 10th century, with one of the first works being the epic poem of Digenis Acritas. However, the first literary activity which was important enough to be identified as "modern Greek literature" was done in the Cretan dialect during the 16th century in the Venetian Crete. The Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is undoubtedly the masterpiece of the Cretan literature, and a supreme achievement of modern Greek literature. It is a romantic work written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553-1613).

The name of the region derives from the initial name of the town of Neapoli, Boiai (Ancient Greek: Βοιαί), which is thought to have been founded in the second century BC. (The pronunciation of many Greek vowels and a few consonants has changed over time, and in Modern Greek the feminine accusative and nominative plural are identical, thus ancient Boiai but modern Voies; see Modern Greek phonology and Modern Greek grammar: Feminine Nouns). The ancient writer Pausanias wrote that Boiai was founded "...by Boios, one of the Heraclidae, who is supposed to have gathered the people from three cities: Etis, Aphrodisias and Side".

Cover of Erofili The renaissance which led to the modern Greek theatre took place in the Venetian Crete. Significal dramatists include Georgios Chortatzis, Vitsentzos Kornaros, and other Cretan writers. Erotokritos is undoubtedly the masterpiece of this early period of modern Greek literature, and represents one of its supreme achievements. It is a verse romance written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553–1613).

Richard McGillivray Dawkins, on the notes on his book on Modern Greek Folktales in Asia Minor, suggested a Levantine origin for the tale, since even Portuguese variants retain an Eastern flavor.Dawkins, Richard McGillivray. Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A study of the dialects of Siĺli, Cappadocia and Phárasa, with grammar, texts, translations and glossary. London: Cambridge University Press. 1916. pp. 271-272.

The following are features of Pontic Greek which have been retained from early forms of Greek, in contrast to the developments of Modern Greek.

"Song of Songs" is a poetic, modern Greek translation of a portion of the Song of Solomon, set to an original composition by Vangelis.

Lambros Photiadis Lambros Photiadis (, 1752-1805) was a Greek scholar, director of the Princely Academy of Bucharest and representative of the modern Greek Enlightenment.

Demotic Greek speakers in yellow. Pontic Greek in orange. Cappadocian Greek in green with individual towns indicated.Dawkins, R. M. Modern Greek in Asia Minor.

Asterios I. Koukoudēs. The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. 2003. As such the city became an important 18th century center of the modern Greek Enlightenment.

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek Revolution to the present day.

Fostieris has been considerably translated; that includes translation into English by Kimon Friar (1984), the acclaimed translator and scholar for his Modern Greek literature translations.

Later, during the Ottoman period, the main theatrical folk art was the Karagiozis. The renaissance which led to the modern Greek theatre, took place in the Venetian Crete. Significal dramatists include Vitsentzos Kornaros and Georgios Chortatzis. The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera.

Alexandros Pallis (; Piraeus, 15 March 1851 – Liverpool, 17 March 1935) was a Greek educational and language reformer who translated the New Testament into Modern Greek. The publication, in the Akropolis newspaper, caused riots in Athens in 1901 in which 8 people died. His translation was subsequently published in Liverpool.I Nea Diathiki, The Liverpool Booksellers, (1902) The New Testament in Modern Greek was not legalised until 1924.

Instead of the Ancient Greek infinitive system γράφειν, γράψειν, γράψαι, γεγραφέναι, Modern Greek uses only the form γράψει, a development of the ancient Greek aorist infinitive γράψαι. This form is also invariable. The modern Greek infinitive has only two forms according to voice: for example, γράψει for the active voice and γραφ(τ)εί for the passive voice (coming from the ancient passive aorist infinitive γραφῆναι).

Gonda Aline Hector Van Steen (born 8 April 1964 in Aalst, Belgium) is a Belgian-American classical scholar and linguist, who specialises in ancient and modern Greek language and literature. Since 2018, she has been Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature, the first woman to hold this position, and Director of the Centre for Hellenic Studies at King's College London. She previously held the Cassas Chair in Greek Studies at the University of Florida, and taught at Cornell University and the University of Arizona. She has also served as the President of the Modern Greek Studies Association (2012–2014).

The Patriarchate from time to time made such concessions to other Slavic Christian populations, such as granting autocephaly to the Churches of Bulgaria and Serbia, or appointing ethnic Russians as Metropolitans of Kiev. Some scholars believe that the roots of modern Greek nationalism dates back to the Middle Ages, especially between the 13th and mid-15th centuries. In this view, the event that led to the development of modern Greek national consciousness was the conflict with the Fourth Crusade and subsequent Frankish rule. Modern Greek nationalism rises after the conquest of Constantinople in 1204 and the creation of the despotates which succeeded the Byzantine Empire, especially in Epirus, Nicaea, and Morea.

Philip Owen Arnould Sherrard (23 September 1922 – 30 May 1995) was a British author, translator and philosopher. His work includes important translations of Modern Greek poets, and books on Modern Greek literature and culture, metaphysics, theology, art and aesthetics. A pioneer of Modern Greek studies in England, he was influential in making major Greek poets of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries known in the English-speaking world. He was also a prolific writer on theological and philosophical themes, addressing the origins of the social and spiritual crisis he believed was occurring in the developed world, and specifically exploring modern attitudes towards the environment from a Christian perspective.

Makhaira entered classical Latin as machaera, "a sword". The dimachaerus was a type of Roman gladiator that fought with two swords. In modern Greek, means "knife".

Eventually military command was transferred to the strategoi (στρατηγοί), but the date and stages of the transfer are not clear. In Modern Greek, polemarchos means warlord.

The term lochos, along with the associated rank of lochagos and its derivatives, has been revived in the modern Greek military for a company- sized command.

Apostolos Evangelou Vakalopoulos (; 11 August 1909 – 10 July 2000) was a distinguished Greek historian, specializing in the Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Greece, and in modern Greek history.

Acharna or Akharna () was a town of ancient Crete. It appears in ancient Greek epigraphy.IC I, 46. Its site is located at Arkhanes (Modern Greek: Αρχάνες).

Wagner, R. Leipzig: Teubner, 1894; Mythographi Graeci 1, Chapter 2, section 97, line 7ff. The present-day town is written Avdira () and pronounced in modern Greek.

Appendix A. History & Diatopy of Greek. The story of pu: The grammaticalisation in space and time of a Modern Greek complementiser. December 1998. University of Melbourne.

Levi, Peter (1980). The Hill of Kronos. London: Arrow Books. . pp63f. He attended the School of Law at the University of AthensCENSUS of Modern Greek Literature .

Green dots indicate non-Pontic-speaking villages in 1910.Dawkins, R.M. 1916. Modern Greek in Asia Minor. A study of dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa.

In addition to The Hebrew-Greek KeyWord Study Bible, Zodhiates published over 200 books and booklets in English, as well as 82 in Greek, many of which are in-depth word- by-word commentaries on the books of the New Testament. He started a book house, AMG Publishers, which has since grown into a significant producer of Christian books, to publish much of his material. He was also responsible for introducing the Modern Greek pronunciation of Classical and Koine Greek into U.S. colleges and universities through A Guide to Modern Greek Pronunciation and his tape recordings of the entire Koine New Testament (Nestle's text) in Modern Greek pronunciation. He recorded with Modern Greek pronunciation special courses on New Testament Greek for those who wish to learn it on their own or in classrooms, using texts such as J. Gresham Machen's New Testament Greek for Beginners, Summers', Davis', and Hadjiantoniou's grammars.

The theology faculties and schools related to or belonging to the Eastern Orthodox Church use the Modern Greek pronunciation to follow the tradition of the Byzantine Empire.

In Modern Greek, due to iotacism, the letter (pronounced ) represents a close front unrounded vowel, . In Classical Greek, it represented a long open-mid front unrounded vowel, .

All classes are taught in English, while Modern Greek language courses are offered as part of the curriculum. Many courses are taught on-site at archaeological sites and museums. Study-travel is an integral part of the CYA curriculum and trips are conducted by faculty and staff. Students visit major sites relevant to ancient, Byzantine, or modern Greek history during trips to Crete, the Peloponnese, and Central and Northern Greece.

Hence a lochagos is the equivalent of a captain in other armies, and the modern Greek equivalent of an army first lieutenant is the modern neologism ypolochagos: literally, "sub-captain". Likewise, the modern Greek equivalent of a sergeant is a lochias. The suffixes -agos and -archos (or -arches), which are often found in Greek rank names, are derived from the roots agein "to lead" and archein "to rule", respectively.

Dimadis’ works are characterized by their diversity: the spectrum ranges from archaeological works, such as the ancient history of theatre, and modern Greek lexicography and Balkan Studies to the study of modern Greek literature, especially the prose fiction of the 19th and 20th centuries. His interests focus on issues of editing and reception, and, from a literary-sociological perspective, on the interplay between literature and contemporary history, especially dictatorial regimes.

Aside from her scholarly work, she has written fiction. She wrote the is fantasy trilogy The Art of Veiling, the novel Wood to Glass and several short stories and vignettes. She wrote scripts for short films and theatrical plays awarded for their innovative nature. She is attempting to spread the modern Greek spirit, culture and history, including modern Greek history, especially the actions of the Greeks during WWII.

The acute accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch. In Modern Greek, a stress accent has replaced the pitch accent, and the acute marks the stressed syllable of a word. The Greek name of the accented syllable was and is (oxeîa, Modern Greek oxía) "sharp" or "high", which was calqued (loan-translated) into Latin as "sharpened".

The Rae Dalven Prize is given for Outstanding Undergraduate Work In Byzantine Modern Greek Studies At New York University. The Program in Hellenic Studies requests submissions for the annual prize named in memory of the translator and critic Rae Dalven (1905–1992) to acknowledge excellence in modern Greek studies among undergraduate students at New York University. The Rae Dalven Prize was awarded for the first time in 1997.

In 1917, Helena Schilizzi endowed the Koraes Chair of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature, a professorship at King's College London, to promote studies in modern Greek literature and history.Richard Clogg, Politics and the Academy: Arnold Toynbee and the Koraes Chair (Routledge 2013): 7-17. The Koraes Chair, King's College London Alumni Greece. The first holder of the Koraes Chair was economic historian Arnold Toynbee, from 1919 to 1924.

The Journal of Modern Greek Studies is an academic journal founded in 1983, and is the official publication of the Modern Greek Studies Association. It is devoted to the study of social, cultural, and political affairs in modern Greece, defined as the late Byzantine period to the present. The journal covers historical, literary, anthropological, artistic, and other aspects of contemporary Greek society. The current editor is Maria Koundoura of Emerson College.

After the Greek War of Independence and the formation of the modern Greek state (1830), a political effort was made to "purify" this form of Greek by bringing it back to resemble classical Attic Greek more closely. The result was Katharevousa (καθαρεύουσα, lit. 'the purifying one'), still a compromise form with basically Modern Greek syntax, but re-lexified with a much larger amount of Ancient Greek words and morphology.Horrocks, ch.17.

Hermes o Logios, Greek literary magazine of the 18th and 19th century. The Modern Greek Enlightenment (, Diafotismos, "enlightenment," "illumination") was the Greek expression of the Age of Enlightenment.

Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A study of the dialects of Siĺli, Cappadocia and Phárasa, with grammar, texts, translations and glossary. London: Cambridge University Press. 1916. p. 272.

The standard form of Modern Greek is based on the Southern dialects; these dialects are spoken mainly in the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands, Attica, Crete and the Cyclades.

The Greek word kourabiedes comes from the Turkish word kurabiye,Georgios Babiniotis, Dictionary of Modern Greek, s.v. which is related to qurabiya, a family of Middle Eastern cookies.

157–165 Damodos was among the first Greek intellectuals that questioned the absolute power of men and priests in the local society and, contrary to the established practice, made use of a simplified idiom (predecessor to the modern Greek language-Dimotiki) in order to deliver his lectures to the local population in a much more effective and direct manner.Bobou-Stamati, Vasiliki 1998 BasilikÆ MpÒmpou-Stamãth, O Bik°ntiow DamodÒw: Biograf¤a-ergograf¤a 1700–1754 (Vikendios Damodos: His Life and Work). Athens: Morfotiko Idrima Ethnikis Trapezis.Cavarnos, Constantine Modern Greek thought; three essays dealing with philosophy, critique of science, and views of man's nature and destiny Belmont, Mass., Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies [1969] 115 p.

In the modern era, the Greek language entered a state of diglossia: the coexistence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of the language. What came to be known as the Greek language question was a polarization between two competing varieties of Modern Greek: Dimotiki, the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa, meaning 'purified', a compromise between Dimotiki and Ancient Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century, and was used for literary and official purposes in the newly formed Greek state. In 1976, Dimotiki was declared the official language of Greece, having incorporated features of Katharevousa and giving birth to Standard Modern Greek, which is used today for all official purposes and in education.

Moisiodax in his work presents himself as Greek.Dean J. Kostantaras. Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought. East European Monographs, 2006, , p.

Skydra (, in modern Greek, before 1926: Βερτεκόπ - Vertekop,Name changes of settlements in Greece Slavic: Вртикоп, Vrtikop) is a municipality in the Pella regional unit of Macedonia in Greece.

Minneapolis, Minn: Modern Greek Studies, Univ. of Minnesota, n.d. p. 73 In 1954 he participated in the Geneva Conference on Korea (in his function as Turkish ambassador to Portugal).

Chi is romanized as in most systematic transliteration conventions, but sometimes is used.Encyclopædia Britannica In addition, in Modern Greek, it is often also romanized as or in informal practice.

Skapinker graduated with a BA in Law from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and a Master's degree from Queens’ College, Cambridge. He speaks French, modern Greek and Afrikaans.

Peter Constantine (born 1963) is a British and American literary translator who has translated literary works from German, Russian, French, Modern Greek, Ancient Greek, Italian, Albanian, Dutch, and Slovene.

Since 2001 he has also been an honorary professor at the Institute of Classical Philology, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies of the Tbilisi State University, Georgia. Since 1985 Dimadis is the director of the International Summer School for Greek Language, History and Culture, Thessaloniki, Greece. Dimadis served as chairman of the European Society of Modern Greek Studies from 2002 to 2018 and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bucharest in 2010.

Ancient Greek has the liquids and , written and respectively. The letter lambda probably represented a lateral ("clear") as in Modern Greek and most European languages, rather than a velarized ("dark") as in English in coda position. The letter rho was pronounced as an alveolar trill , as in Italian or Modern Greek rather than as in standard varieties of English or French. At the beginning of a word, it was pronounced as a voiceless alveolar trill .

She graduated in 1917. As a result, Ziadeh was completely bilingual in Arabic and French, and had working knowledge of English, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin as well as Modern Greek.

Benjamin of Lesbos (; alternatively transliterated as Veniamin of Lesvos or Lesvios; 1759-1824) was a Greek monk, scholar, and politician who was a significant figure in the Modern Greek Enlightenment.

Elias G Skoulidas (22 February 2011). Identities, Locality and Otherness in Epirus during the Late Ottoman period.(doc). European Society of Modern Greek studies. p. 7. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

Ainis (Ancient Greek Αἰνίς, , Modern Greek Αινίδα, ) or Aeniania, was a region of ancient Greece located near Lamia in modern Central Greece, roughly corresponding to the upper Valley of Spercheios.

It had one minaret, which was destroyed after 1912, after Thessaloniki was liberated by the Greek Army and became part of the modern Greek state. It is under restoration till now.

Geropeppa, Maria; Altis, Dimitris; Dedes, Nikos; Karamanou, Marianna: The First Women Physicians in the History of Modern Greek Medicine, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica . 2019, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p55-64. 10p.

Anthony Applemore Mornington Bryer FSA FRHistS was a British historian of the Byzantine Empire and founder of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham.

Modern Greek military ranks are based on Ancient Greek and Byzantine terminology. In the army and air force, these names are often based on the unit or post that a holder of each rank usual commands. For example, a tagmatarchis is in charge of a tagma, which is derived from an Ancient Greek word translatable as "command", "order", or "class", and in modern Greek is a unit equivalent to a battalion in other armies; hence a modern tagmatarchis is a rank equivalent to major in other armies. Similarly, a lochagos normally commands a lochos (a word that originally meant "warband") , which in Ancient Greece was a 100-strong hoplite unit, but in modern Greek usage is equivalent to an infantry company.

Apart from , simple vowels have better preserved their ancient pronunciation than diphthongs. As noted above, at the start of the Koine Greek period, pseudo- diphthong before consonant had a value of , whereas pseudo-diphthong had a value of ; these vowel qualities have remained unchanged through Modern Greek. Diphthong before vowel had been generally monophthongized to a value of and confused with , thus sharing later developments of . The quality of vowels , , and have remained unchanged through Modern Greek, as , , and .

In modern Greek folk tradition, the Lamia has survived and retained many of her traditional attributes.Lamia receives a section in Georgios Megas and Helen Colaclides, Folktales of Greece (Folktales of the World) (University of Chicago Prtes) 1970. John Cuthbert Lawson remarks "the chief characteristics of the Lamiae, apart from their thirst for blood, are their uncleanliness, their gluttony, and their stupidity".Lawson, Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion: A Study in Survivals (Cambridge University Press) 1910:175ff.

Geropeppa, Maria; Altis, Dimitris; Dedes, Nikos; Karamanou, Marianna: The First Women Physicians in the History of Modern Greek Medicine, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica . 2019, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p55-64. 10p. In 1897, she became he first woman to graduate from the Medical School in Athens.Geropeppa, Maria; Altis, Dimitris; Dedes, Nikos; Karamanou, Marianna: The First Women Physicians in the History of Modern Greek Medicine, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica . 2019, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p55-64. 10p.

Evagoras or Euagoras (Ancient/Modern Greek: Εὐαγόρας) was the king of Salamis (411–374 BC) in Cyprus, known especially from the work of Isocrates, who presents him as a model ruler. The spelling "Evagoras" reflects the Latin transliteration of the name, and it comprises one of the rather rare cases that the Greek prefix εὐ- was rendered as ev- (instead of eu-) in Latin, which fact also results in "Evagoras" being closer to modern Greek pronunciation.

Alexander the Great depicted in a 14th- century Byzantine manuscript Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures. Alexander has figured in both high and popular culture beginning in his own era to the present day. The Alexander Romance, in particular, has had a significant impact on portrayals of Alexander in later cultures, from Persian to medieval European to modern Greek. Alexander features prominently in modern Greek folklore, more so than any other ancient figure.

Vilaras was one of the first modern Greek poets and important figure of modern Greek literature. He was in favour of an extreme/radical version of Demotic Greek (people's language), mainly based on the phonetic orthography, without using historic orthography or tones. His most famous work was the Romeiki glosa (Ρομεηκη γλοσα [sic]), written in Corfu in 1814, which was different from the mainstream ways of Greek writing. Other works of him include Amartia and Gnothi Safton.

Retrieved 28 August 2019. his PhD was awarded in 1976 for his thesis "Myth and tradition in modern Greek folk poetry, a study of non-literate tradition, its technique and aims, in the context of lyric and ballad, rather than epic poetry.""Myth and tradition in modern Greek folk poetry, a study of non-literate tradition, its technique and aims, in the context of lyric and ballad, rather than epic poetry", University of Cambridge Library. Retrieved 28 August 2019.

Greek Evzones in the 1880s. Their uniform, the most widely recognisable Greek military dress, is derived from the dress of the klephts and the fighters of the Greek War of Independence. The modern Greek Army has a history of over 180 years, during which has undergone dramatic changes and been involved in some of the major conflicts on the European continent. The modern Greek military throughout its history was closely following international developments in equipment and uniforms.

The Platsis Symposium is a forum on Classical and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Annual symposia discuss the Greek legacy from the Minoan civilization of Crete, Classical and Hellenistic Greece and the Byzantine Empire through the Modern Greek period beginning with Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1821, exploring the pursuit of excellence, moderation, idealism, self-knowledge, rationalism, curiosity, freedom, individual responsibility and personal responsibility to community. The program ended in 2014.

In 1892 he became a private lecturer (Privatdozent) in Modern Greek and Byzantine History at St. Petersburg University. He was subsequently director of the theological section of the St. Petersburg Imperial Library.

"Yis Mathiam" derives from the terms Γης (Yis or Gis) for "Land" and Μαδιάμ (Mathiam or Madiam) for Midian, a Biblical area. The term is a byword of destruction in modern Greek.

Cypriot literature covers literature from Cyprus found mainly in Greek, Turkish, English and/or other languages, including French. The modern Cypriot Greek dialect belongs to the Southeastern group of Modern Greek dialects.

Joseph Woods' early education was at home, where his parents taught him Latin, Greek, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Italian and French. Later (at about age 16) he studied architecture under Daniel Asher Alexander.

Manolis Mitsias (Greek: Μανώλης Μητσιάς, ; born 26 February 1946) is a Greek singer. He has been a significant artistic presence in the laïko, light laïko and entekhno genres of modern Greek music.

Cypriot Greek, the Modern Greek dialect of Cyprus, however, preserves geminate consonants. A doubled in Attic corresponds to a in Ionic and other dialects. This sound arose from historic palatalization (see below).

Roderick Macleod Beaton, FBA, FKC (born 1951) is a retired academic. He was Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's College London from 1988 to 2018.

Kleoniki Gennadiou was born in Athens. She traveled to Italy and Munich. With her sister Elpida she published the work "Biographical Notes. Contribution to the History of Modern Greek Art", Trieste 1909.

Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 100 drachmas . – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.Gounaris, Basil C. (2003): "The Politics of Currency: Stamps, Coins, Banknotes, and the Circulation of Modern Greek Tradition", in The Usable Past.

Dimotiki is sometimes used interchangeably with "Standard Modern Greek" ('), but these two terms are not necessarily synonymous. While in Greek the term () can describe any naturally evolved colloquial language of the Greeks, today's Standard Modern Greek language can be thought of specifically as a fusion of Katharevousa and the specific Dimotiki spoken by in Greece in the 20th century. It is not wrong to call the Greek language of today "a demotic Greek", but such terminology may lead to confusion with the semi-standardized Dimotiki which was in use during the period of diglossia in Greece and is not identical to today's Standard Modern Greek. Referring to Standard Modern Greek as Dimotiki or Demotic Greek (with a capital "D") also ignores the fact that today's Greek contains—especially in its written form and formal registers—numerous words, grammatical forms, and phonetical features that did not exist in the Dimotiki and which only entered the language through Dimotiki's merger with Katharevousa as part of the resolution of the Greek language question.

Gkekas during his "Palimpsests" exhibition at the Archaeological Park of Dion, Greece, in 2019. Gkekas in 2019Asteris Gkekas (Greek: Αστέρης Γκέκας) (born 18 November 1954) is a modern Greek artist from Thessaloniki, Greece.

Raymond Detrez (Antwerp 1948) is Professor of East European history and cultures and modern Greek history at the University of Ghent, Belgium.Detrez's biography on the site of the Belgian Centre for Slavic studies.

Johns Hopkins University publishes a Journal of Modern Greek Studies. The journal publishes critical analyses of Greek social, cultural and political affairs, covering the period from the late Byzantine Empire to the present.

Grigorios Konstantas (; 1753–1844) was a Greek scholar and figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment. He was actively involved in various educational issues as well as participated in the Greek War of Independence.

Since 1947 Yiannis Moralis, Georgios Mauroidis, Constantinos Grammatopoulos and Spyros Papaloukas, Panayiotis Tetsis, Nikos Kessanlis, Dimitris Mytaras, Georgios Nikolaidis, Ilias Dekoylakos and the architect Savvas Kontaratos taught the principles of Modern Greek art.

Xi Sometimes or . (uppercase Ξ, lowercase ξ; ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. It is pronounced in Modern Greek, and generally or in English."xi". New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition.

The alphabet on a black figure vessel, with a point-and-circle theta. In Ancient Greek, θ represented the aspirated voiceless dental plosive , but in Modern Greek it represents the voiceless dental fricative .

Ioannis "Yianis" Vilaras (; 1771–1823) was a Greek doctor, lyricist and writer who often discussed linguistic matters (see Greek language question) and maintained ties with many figures of the Modern Greek Enlightenment movement.

Many historians consider him a student of Frangiscos Scoufos and others an imitator of Paolo Segneri. With his speeches he helped the development of ecclesiastical rhetoric and the configuration of Modern Greek language.

Roman provinces, 400 Macedonia Prima ("First Macedonia") was a province encompassing most of the kingdom of Macedonia, coinciding with most of the modern Greek region of Macedonia, and had Thessalonica as its capital.

The branch of Byzantinology gradually split from Classical Philology and became an independent field of research. The Bavarian scholar Karl Krumbacher (1856–1909) carried out research in the newly founded state of Greece, and is considered the founder of Medieval and Modern Greek Philology. From 1897 onwards, he held the academic chair of Medieval and Modern Greek at the University of Munich. In the same century Russian Byzantinology evolved from a former connection between the Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire.

The native name of the country in Modern Greek is (', pronounced ). The corresponding form in Ancient Greek and conservative formal Modern Greek (Katharevousa) is (, classical: , modern: ). This is the source of the English alternate name Hellas, which is mostly found in archaic or poetic contexts today. The Greek adjectival form (, ) is sometimes also translated as Hellenic and is often rendered in this way in the formal names of Greek institutions, as in the official name of the Greek state, the Hellenic Republic (, ).

In the 1980s and 1990s, Estia was the only daily written in katharevousa, a purist and archaic form of modern Greek that was abolished as the official administrative language in 1976. In recent years, however, Estia has adopted a conservative form of Standard Modern Greek. Estia is also the only daily employing the polytonic system of accentuation, which was officially abandoned following legislation in 1982; Estia, nevertheless, uses a simplified polytonic orthography in which the grave accent is replaced by the acute.

Adamantios Korais or Koraïs ( ; ; ; 27 April 17486 April 1833) was a Greek scholar credited with laying the foundations of Modern Greek literature and a major figure in the Greek Enlightenment. His activities paved the way for the Greek War of Independence and the emergence of a purified form of the Greek language, known as Katharevousa. Encyclopædia Britannica asserts that "his influence on the modern Greek language and culture has been compared to that of Dante on Italian and Martin Luther on German".

Adamantions Korais, leading figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment that proposed the creation of the periodical. Hermes o Logios is regarded as the most important Greek periodical of the era of modern Greek Enlightenment, also known as Diafotismos. It appeared regularly over a period of ten and a half years and was the longest-running periodical prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. All volumes cover a total of 5131 pages, with texts on various subjects written by 918 contributors.

Greek family names are most commonly patronymics but may also be based on occupation, personal characteristics or location. The feminine version is usually the genitive of the family name of the woman's father or husband; so, for example, Mr. Yannatos and Mrs. Yannatou. As a result of their codification in the Modern Greek state, surnames have Katharevousa forms even though Katharevousa is no longer the official standard. Thus, the Ancient Greek name Eleutherios forms the Modern Greek proper name Lefteris.

The acute accent (´), the circumflex (ˆ), and the grave accent (`) indicate different kinds of pitch accent. The rough breathing (῾) indicates the presence of the sound before a letter, while the smooth breathing (᾿) indicates the absence of . Since in Modern Greek the pitch accent has been replaced by a dynamic accent (stress), and was lost, most polytonic diacritics have no phonetic significance, and merely reveal the underlying Ancient Greek etymology. Monotonic orthography (from () "single" and () "accent") is the standard system for Modern Greek.

Although a poor command of Modern Greek was previously often evident among the grandchildren of Greek refugees born in the 1980s and later, those from families who returned to Greece from the mid-70s have now been fully re- assimilated into Greek society and the Modern Greek education system. In fact, their multi-lingual background has enabled ethnic Greeks from Czechoslovakia (and elsewhere in the former Soviet Bloc) to develop and exploit a marked facility in foreign language learning and communication.

In Modern Greek, where original diphthongs are pronounced as monophthongs, synaeresis is the pronunciation of two vowel sounds as a monophthong, and diaeresis is the pronunciation of the two vowels as a diphthong (αϊ ).

Amphion and Zethus subject Dirce to the bull (from the House of the Vettii, Pompeii) Dirce (; , , modern Greek , meaning "double" or "cleft") was the wife of Lycus in Greek mythology, and aunt to Antiope.

Coincidentally, Aegina is where the first ancient and modern Greek coins were minted - the staters of Aegina were minted in around 700 BC and were the first to circulate in the Ancient Greek world.

Stratarches (, pl. στρατάρχαι (archaic) or στρατάρχες (modern)), means ruler of the army in Greek, and is a title associated with successful generals. In modern Greek usage, it corresponds to the rank of Field Marshal.

In Modern Greek, the exclamation mark (, ) has been introduced from Latin scripts and is used identically, although without the reluctance seen in English usage.Nicolas, Nick. "Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation". 2005. Accessed 7 Oct 2014.

The 2014-2015 season is Panionios Gymnastikos Syllogos Smyrnis' 124th season in existence and its 54th in The Top Tier Of The Modern Greek Football League System. They will also compete in the Greek Cup.

There are two articles in Modern Greek, the definite and the indefinite. They are both inflected for gender and case, and the definite article also for number. The article agrees with the noun it modifies.

Through the different erotic stories of various characters, the film searches for the different types of bonds in a middle-class modern Greek family, its hopes, expectations, problems and everyday paranoia that its members encounter.

Iosipos (Josephus) Moisiodax or Moesiodax (, 1725–1800) was an 18th-century philosopher and professor and one of the greatest exponents of the modern Greek Enlightenment. He also became director of the Princely Academy of Iaşi.

T. Dimaras (1972) "History of Modern Greek Literature", , p. 7 describes an inscription from the times of Caligula, which implied that already at these times Syrtos was considered an ancient Greek dance of local tradition.

This conflict did not occur in Greek-influenced Slavic languages such as Russian, which had adopted Cerera for 1 Ceres, and were thus free to use the modern Greek form Demetra for the asteroid Demeter.

Triepel, H. (1908). Memorial on the anatomical nomenclature of the anatomical society. In A. Rose (Ed.), Medical Greek. Collection of papers on medical onomatology and a grammatical guide to learn modern Greek (pp. 176-193).

The Czech composer Antonín Dvořák wrote a song-cycle named Three Modern Greek Poems: the first one is entitled "Koljas – Klepht Song" and tells the story of Koljas, the klepht who killed the famous Ali Pasha. The most famous klephtic and modern Greek folk song is The Battle of Mount Olympus and Mount Kisavos, a ballad based on a musico-poetic motif dating back to classical Greece (specifically to the poetic song composed by Corinna pertaining to a contest between Mount Helicon and Mount Cithaeron).

Any reconstruction of Ancient Greek needs to take into account how the sounds later developed towards Modern Greek, and how these changes could have occurred. In general, the changes between the reconstructed Ancient Greek and Modern Greek are assumed to be unproblematic in this respect by historical linguists, because all the relevant changes (spirantization, chain-shifts of long vowels towards , loss of initial , restructuring of vowel-length and accentuation systems, etc.) are of types that are cross-linguistically frequently attested and relatively easy to explain.

Acritis, as a representation of Acritic poetry, is greatly influential in modern Greek literature. Besides its prose of popular idiom which went on to influence and shape modern Greek, the poems themselves were nationalistic enough in character that they became a symbol of Greek continuity. Byzantine nationalism during the formation of the Greek state and in the age of the new "Megali Idea" was widened and intensified. Kostis Palamas, among the greatest of Greek poets, was preparing his own version of Digenis Acrites before his death.

The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: , ; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: , ) are a group of islands in Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese ("Seven Islands"; , Heptanēsa or , Heptanēsos; ), but the group includes many smaller islands as well as the seven principal ones. As a distinct historic region they date to the centuries-long Venetian rule, which preserved them from becoming part of the Ottoman Empire, and created a distinct cultural identity with many Italian influences. The Ionian Islands became part of the modern Greek state in 1864.

The first systematic scholarly treatment of the modern Greek dialects took place after the middle of the 19th century, mainly thanks to the work of the prominent Greek linguist Georgios Hadjidakis. The absence of descriptive accounts of the speech of individual regions made the efforts of the researchers of the 19th century more difficult. Therefore, the dialects' forms are known to us only during their last phase (from the middle of the 19th century, and until the panhellenic dominance of the Standard Modern Greek).

The Flanginian School (, ) was a Greek educational institution that operated in Venice, Italy, from 1664-1665 to 1905. The Flanginian produced several teachers that contributed to the modern Greek Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Notable modern Greek painters include Nikolaos Gyzis, Georgios Jakobides, Theodoros Vryzakis, Nikiforos Lytras, Konstantinos Volanakis, Nikos Engonopoulos and Yannis Tsarouchis, while some notable sculptors are Pavlos Prosalentis, Ioannis Kossos, Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos and Yannoulis Chalepas.

The romance consist of 1,348 lines in unrhymed political verse,Beaton p. 105Kazhdan (1991), p. 280 and is written in vernacular language,Beaton p. 3 which is also described as an early form of Modern Greek.

The ancient grammarians and dramatists give evidence to the pronunciation as () in Classical Greek times.Herbert Weir Smyth. A Greek Grammar for Colleges. I.1.c In Modern Greek the name of the letter, Λάμδα, is pronounced .

Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students. The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens is an integral part of the modern Greek academic and intellectual tradition.

The Hellenic Army considers the 19th Mechanized Division as its first major mechanized formation, and the progenitor of the modern Greek Armour combat arm, which inherited the traditions of the Cavalry arm after World War II.

For example, it can be seen in the transcription Artaÿctes of the Persian name () at the very end of Herodotus, or the name of Mount Taÿgetus on the southern Peloponnesus peninsula, which in modern Greek is spelled .

It came to mean any compulsory service (cf. levy) or oppression in both medieval Latin and Byzantine Greek. In modern Greek, it means any service or task only grudgingly undertaken by the one forced to perform it.

Ashdown-Hill taught languages including English, French, Spanish, Italian and modern Greek and also Classical civilisation in the UK, in Tunisia, in Spain and in Turkey, but eventually gave up teaching to focus on his historical research.

The Order of the Redeemer (), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an order of merit of Greece. The Order of the Redeemer is the oldest and highest decoration awarded by the modern Greek state.

The Greeks of Albania speak a modern southern Greek dialect, known as Northern Epirote Greek.Appendix A. History & Diatopy of Greek. The story of pu: The grammaticalisation in space and time of a Modern Greek complementiser. December 1998.

The word for the plant is found in ancient Mediterranean languages such as Arabic and Greek. Cognates of the word include Ancient Greek μαλάχη (malákhē) or μολόχη (molókhē), Modern Greek μολόχα (molókha), modern (mulukhiyah) and modern (malukhia).

In Ralli, Angela, Contact Morphology in Modern Greek Dialects, Page 213. Contrary to the nearby Albanian idioms that are spoken both inland (Kurvelesh) and in the coastal region in Himara, Slavic influence in Himariote Greek is limited.

In recent anthropological studies, both ancient and modern Greek osteological samples were analyzed demonstrating a bio-genetic affinity and continuity shared between both groups. There is also a direct genetic link between ancient Greeks and modern Greeks.

After the Greek Independence, the modern Greek architects tried to combine traditional Greek and Byzantine elements and motives with the western European movements and styles. Patras was the first city of the modern Greek state to develop a city plan. In January 1829, Stamatis Voulgaris, a Greek engineer of the French army, presented the plan of the new city to the Governor Kapodistrias, who approved it. Voulgaris applied the orthogonal rule in the urban complex of Patras.Παύλος Κυριαζής, «Σταμάτης Βούλγαρης. Ο αγωνιστής, ο πολεοδόμος, ο άνθρωπος», στο: Συλλογικό, Πρώτοι Έλληνες τεχνικοί επιστήμονες περιόδου απελευθέρωσης, εκδ.

In modern Greek the word Πληροφορία is still in daily use and has the same meaning as the word information in English. In addition to its primary meaning, the word Πληροφορία as a symbol has deep roots in Aristotle's semiotic triangle. In this regard it can be interpreted to communicate information to the one decoding that specific type of sign. This is something that occurs frequently with the etymology of many words in ancient and modern Greek where there is a very strong denotative relationship between the signifier, e.g.

In 1879 he passed the State Exam (Staatsexamen) and was thereafter active as a school teacher until 1891. In 1883 he gain his doctorate (Promotion) and in 1885 his Habilitation in Medieval and Modern Greek philology. From 1897 he was professor of Medieval and Modern Greek Language and Literature at the University of Munich and held the newly created Chair of Byzantine Studies,Prinzing (1999) the first professorial chair in this subject in the world. Krumbacher founded the Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892), the oldest academic journal of Byzantine Studies, and the Byzantinisches Archiv (1898).

Owens read Classics at University College London, completing a master's thesis on Linear B and a thesis on the problem of Linear A for his Ph.D. in archaeology. He has taught at London and at the University of Crete and has authored several publications in both English and modern Greek. Owens is married to a Greek archaeologist (Kalliope Nikolidaki) with whom he frequently collaborates. He has earned the Modern Greek Diploma of Proficiency from the National and Capodistrian University of Athens where he took a second Ph.D. in linguistics.

Antoniadis returned to Greece and in 1922, published her first work The Sacrifice of Abraham. From 1924-26 she lectured on Modern Greek Literature at the Vocational School of Theatre. In 1929 she was appointed as Chair in Early Christian, Byzantine and Modern Greek Language and Literature at Leiden University, succeeding Dirk Christiaan Hesseling. On 13 November she gave her acceptance speech to a crowded hall; present were the Greek Consul to Rotterdam, as well as the heir to the Dutch throne, Princess Juliana, who enrolled in Antoniadis' classes.

Koine, the form of Greek spoken during the Hellenistic period, was primarily based on Attic Greek, with some influences from other dialects. It underwent many sound changes, including development of aspirated and voiced stops into fricatives and the shifting of many vowels and diphthongs to (iotacism). In the Byzantine period it developed into Medieval Greek, which later became standard Modern Greek or Demotic. Tsakonian, a modern form of Greek mutually unintelligible with Standard Modern Greek, derived from the Laconian variety of Doric, and is therefore the only surviving descendant of a non-Attic dialect.

Adamantios Koraes The Koraes Chair of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature was established at King's College in 1918 to serve as the British focus for Hellenic studies beyond antiquity. It was championed by the likes of the Anglo-Hellenic League and Eleftherios Venizelos, then Prime Minister of the Hellenic Parliament and a close friend of King's College Principal Ronald Montagu Burrows. Burrows was himself a famous classical scholar and philhellene. The Koraes Chair is named in honour of Adamantios Koraes, the founding father of the modern Greek nation state.

Ellen M. Kaisse is an American linguist. She is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics at the University of Washington (USA), where she has been affiliated since 1976. Kaisse earned her PhD in Linguistics in 1977 from Harvard, with a dissertation entitled, Hiatus in Modern Greek. Since then, she has worked on a wide range of issues in theoretical phonology, and particularly on the phonology of Modern Greek, (Argentinian) Spanish and Turkish, and has published on topics ranging from lexical phonology to the phonology-syntax interface to vowel harmony to featural phonology.

Iordache is a Romanian surname. Iordachescu and Iordacheanu were coined from Iordache. Iordache is of Greek language origin, from Yeorgakis (Γεωργάκης), a patronym from the Modern Greek first name Yiorgos (Γιώργος), from Ancient Greek Georgios (Γεώργιος) (see George).

Anemi was founded in 2006 by the University of Crete Library. It embodies the final result of the Programme "Digital Library of Modern Greek Studies" which was funded by the Operational Programme "Information Society" (3rd CSF 2000-2006).

The name of the town changed several times over the centuries. The modern Greek name of the town is Nafplio (Ναύπλιο). In modern English, the most frequently used forms are Nauplia and Navplion.See Merriam- Webster's (1993), p. 1495.

K. Mitsakis, Νεοελληνική πεζογραφία – Η γενιά του '30 [Modern Greek Prose – The Generation of the '30s], Athens, 1977.M. Vitti, Η γενιά του τριάντα – Ιδεολογία και μορφή [The Generation of the '30s – Ideology and Form], Ermis, Athens, 1977.

Sephardi Hebrew (or Sepharadi Hebrew) is the pronunciation system for Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice. Its phonology was influenced by contact languages such as Spanish, Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), Arabic, Portuguese and Modern Greek.

Today, much of Attica is occupied by urban Athens. The modern Greek region of Attica includes classical Attica as well as the Saronic Islands, a small part of the Peloponnese around Troezen, and the Ionian Island of Kythira.

The Platsis Symposium is sponsored by the Arthur and Mary Platsis Endowment , University of Michigan. Retrieved 2010-01-11. in collaboration with the C.P. Cavafy Professorship in Modern Greek and the University of Michigan Department of Classical Studies.

Figures A΄]. Athens: Papadima Publications, pp. 160-184. He contributed to the development and establishment of modern Greek language ("Demotic") and to the turn towards Greek folk tradition. Drossinis showed great interest in educational issues and wrote school books.

He is considered one of the most significant modern Greek actors. He was decorated with the Order of the Phoenix. He died on 29 January 1975 in Athens and is buried at the First Cemetery in a family grave.

The opening bars of Tsopanakos Imouna () is ERT’s corporate theme tune, as well as their interval signal on radio. ERT is the holder of the biggest audiovisual archive in Greece, which includes also significant moments of modern Greek history.

Nigel Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek, vol. 3; Syntax (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1963), pp. 131-32, quoted by Boyer. In modern Greek the optative mood has entirely disappeared, leaving only the indicative, subjunctive and imperative moods.

Vamvakinou completed a Bachelor of Arts in Modern Greek and political science at the University of Melbourne. She went on to complete a diploma in education and worked as a high school teacher from 1982 to 1987, teaching Greek.

The Political verse characterizes traditional Greek poetry, especially between 1100 and 1850. It is the verse in which most Greek folk songs are written, including such temporally distant works as the medieval Cretan romance "Erotokritos" and the 3rd draft of Dionysios Solomos' "The Free Besieged", considered the masterpiece of modern Greek poetry. It is thought that the political verse replaced, in popularity and also in use, the famous dactylic hexameter of the ancient Greeks (also known as "heroic hexameter") in later Greek poetry, from the time of the early modern Greek, following the loss of ancient prosody and pitch accent, being ideally suited to its replacement, stress accent. This metric form comes "natural" in modern Greek (that is the common Greek, spoken after the 9th or 10th century to the present day), and it is extremely easy to form a "poem" or a "distich" in political verse, almost without a thought.

Pontic Greek is considered a dialect of modern Greek, although reportedly, the speakers of each do not fully understand each other. It is primarily written in the Greek script, while in Turkey and Ukraine the Latin script is used more frequently.

Journal of Modern Greek Studies. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, (1996), p. 286, note # 29. She finished secondary school (1936) in Bitola, before attending the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy, where she studies classical philology, ancient history, and archeology.

Collection of papers on medical onomatology and a grammatical guide to learn modern Greek (pp. 176–93). New York: Peri Hellados publication office. allex,Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.

The etymology of the word Ostorhinchus is Greek, with Ostor- stemming from ὀστέον (bone), and -rhinchus stemming from ῥῠ́γχος (Ancient Greek) or ρύγχος (Modern Greek), the meaning of which can be beak. The latter refers to the genus' advanced boned jaw.

His Requiem in B minor, titled Missa pro Defunctis is perhaps the first large-scale modern Greek choral work. He also composed lieder in various languages. Musicology site Between 1919 and 1935 he was vice-consul of Greece in Munich.

Turkish word kokoreç comes from the word kokorótsi (κοκορότσι), which is used to describes the food in Albanian dialects of Modern Greek. It was first attested in "Lokanta Esrarı", a short story written in 1920 by the Turkish author Ömer Seyfettin.

Among modern Greek dialects, Istanbul Greek generally displays characteristics associated with Northern Greek, rather than Southern Greek, dialects. Istanbul Greek has historically been ignored in traditional Greek dialectology, or erroneously portrayed as "identical" to Standard Greek because of Constantinople's historical role.

In other languages (e.g. the Italic languages and Celtic languages) it was lost without a trace. Other than in Modern Greek, the Balto-Slavic languages and (to some extent) Icelandic, few traces of the PIE accent remain in any modern languages.

French, Standard Dutch,Frans Hinskens, Johan Taeldeman, Language and space: Dutch, Walter de Gruyter 2014. 3110261332, 9783110261332, p.66 Afrikaans, Tamil, Finnish, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Polish, Latvian and Modern Greek are languages that do not have phonemic aspirated consonants.

The name inflects as ο Ieraks (ο Ιέραξ), tou Ierakos (του Ιέρακος), ton Ieraka (τον Ιέρακα), and in modern Greek Geraka. In the nominative form it is today used as Gerakas (ο Γέρακας) and it is a singular masculine noun.

Mikis Theodorakis. Myth & Politics in Modern Greek Music, p. 74 sq Under Theodorakis's impetus, it started a vast cultural renaissance movement and became the greatest political organisation in Greece with more than 50.000 members.Mikis Theodorakis: Journal of Resistance, (Dictionary), p.

Elizabeth Jeffreys (born 22 July 1941) was Bywater and Sotheby Professor of Byzantine and Modern Greek Language and Literature, University of Oxford, and Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1996–2006. She is now Emeritus Professor, and Emeritus Fellow of Exeter College.

Its inauguration also marked the beginning of the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, which has itself since been merged into the Department of Classics. The Koraes Chair is currently held by the Belgian- American scholar Gonda Van Steen.

He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on June 24. Despite this, modern Greek critics consider him as a reactionary Orthodox fundamentalist, enemy of the Western European ideas of the French revolution, opponent of Rigas Feraios and Adamantios Korais.

After the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans and the following trends of Greek migration to the Diaspora, Greek architecture was concentrated mainly on the Greek Orthodox churches of the Diaspora. These churches, such as other intellectual centres built by Greeks (foundations, schools, etc.), were used also as a meeting-place. The architectural style of these buildings was heavily influenced by the western European architecture. After the Greek War of Independence and the creation of the modern Greek state, the modern Greek architecture tried to combine the traditional Greek architecture and Greek elements and motives with the western European movements and styles.

In 1976, however, the Hellenic Parliament voted to make the spoken Dimotiki the official language, making Katharevousa obsolete.. Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek).. Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greeks in Greece and the Diaspora are bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish..

The Greek language underwent pronunciation changes during the Koine Greek period, from about 300 BC to 300 AD. At the beginning of the period, the pronunciation was almost identical to Classical Greek, while at the end it was closer to Modern Greek.

417–421, ; Peter Mackridge: Greek-Speaking Muslims of North-East Turkey: Prolegomena to a study of the Ophitic sub-dialect of Pontic, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 115–137; Ömer Asan: Pontus Kültürü, Belge Yayınları, Istanbul, 1996.

In the 20th century, French cuisine had a major influence on Greek cooking, largely due to the French-trained chef Nikolaos Tselementes, who, for example, created the modern Greek moussaka by combining the pre-existing eggplant dish with a French-style gratin topping.

Bust of Christopher II located between St. George's Convent and St. George's Church in Cairo. Christopher II (Kharalambos Danielidis, modern Greek: Χαράλαμπος Δανιηλίδης; 17 January 1876, Madytos - 23 June 1967) served as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria between 1939 and 1966.

Eisagogi sti Neoteri Neoelliniki Logotechnia [An Introduction to Modern Greek Literature]. Athens: Nefeli Publications, pp.369-449. The museum includes three halls, which are on the first floor, while the ground floor houses the Municipal Library of Kifisia, according to Drossinis's wish.

In the early 80s, the school had over 1,000 students. The peak enrollment was 1,310 in the 1980-1981 school year. In humanities tradition, the school offered Latin, ancient Greek, and Hebrew. The school also offered English, French, modern Greek, Italian, and Spanish.

Ancient Greek stories are retold in modern Greek Street, London setting. Story starts with the main Hero Eddie navigating the increasingly treacherous landscape. The Fureys have also made their presence known as Eddie becomes entangled in plots being investigated by the detective Dedalus.

Mossé belongs to the same school of historical thought with Jean-Pierre Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet. She is professor emeritus at the University of Paris VIII. Her works have been translated into many languages including English, German, Spanish, Italian and modern Greek.

In Ancient Greek, delta represented a voiced dental plosive . In Modern Greek, it represents a voiced dental fricative , like the "th" in "that" or "this" (while in foreign words is instead commonly transcribed as ντ). Delta is romanized as d or dh.

193–97, cited in The list of his written work is quite extensive. The most important works are a translation into the modern Greek language of the works of Homer, together with Nikos Kazantzakis and a five-volume collection of Greek mythology.

George J. Marcopoulos, "Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece, 1833–1843", The American Historical Review, Volume 74, Issue 3, February 1969, Pages 1039–1040, here 1039 In 2008, Greek historian Antonis Liakos called it a landmark in Modern Greek historiography.

"The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims in the villages of Beşköy in the province of present-day Trabzon." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 37. (1): 130–131. Pontic is spoken in the town of Tonya and in 6 villages of Tonya district.

He has written notably about witchcraft, violence and sexuality.Dülmen, Richard von. Szenarium eines Umbruchs: Robert Muchembled über frühneuzeitliche Zivilisation. 1991. Some of his works have been translated into English, German, Spanish, Italian, German, Dutch, Modern Greek, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese.

Manchester [England]: Independent Labour Party, 1911. p. 84 The newspaper was founded by Dionysios Kokkinos. The modern Greek literature scholar A. Steinmetz, was Kokkinos' most important collaborator.Leon, George B. The Greek Socialist Movement and the First World War: The Road to Unity.

Dalaras pulled Estoudiantina in the light of publicity and make it known to the Greek public. Since then Estoudiantina has become one of the most important and famous orchestras in Greece. Estoudiantina's repertoire now also includes Modern Greek, Greek Laiko, and Mediterranean.

Anthotyros () (Anthotyro in modern Greek, "flowery cheese"), is a traditional fresh cheese. There are Dry Anthotyros and Fresh Anthotyros. Dry Anthotyros is a matured cheese similar to Mizithra. Anthotyros is made with milk and whey from sheep or goats, sometimes in combination.

In English language sources, he also appears as Manoli Paterakis.Manoli is the accusative form of his name, and as the accusative functions as an informal vocative in Modern Greek, this is how his British colleagues would have addressed him and remembered his name.

In 1977, by a decision of the Executive Committee, the archives of the League for Democracy in Greece were donated to the Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies at King's College London. They are currently held at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives.

Vladimir Georgiev. Hellenic is the branch of the Indo-European language family that includes the different varieties of Greek.In other contexts, "Hellenic" and "Greek" are generally synonyms. In traditional classifications, Hellenic consists of Greek alone,Browning (1983), Medieval and Modern Greek, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The first is "Greek and Coptic" (U+0370 to U+03FF). This block is based on ISO 8859-7 and is sufficient to write Modern Greek. There are also some archaic letters and Greek-based technical symbols. This block also supports the Coptic alphabet.

Both the horizontal and the vertical digraph were borrowed from the Greek alphabet. The Greek ligature Ou () is frequently encountered in Greek medieval manuscripts and in some modern editions of classical texts. Modern Greek still uses (omicron-upsilon) for but rarely uses the vertical ligature.

Danai Stratigopoulou (Modern Greek: Δανάη Στρατηγοπούλου) (born 8 February 1913 – died 18 January 2009) was a Greek singer, writer, and university academic. She acquired recognition in the literary world for translating the works of the Chilean nobel laureate Pablo Neruda into the Greek language.

In Koine Greek, the diphthong changed to , likely through the intermediate stages and . Through vowel shortening in Koine Greek, long merged with short . Later, unrounded to , yielding the pronunciation of Modern Greek. For more information, see the articles on Ancient Greek and Koine Greek phonology.

Greek Foreign Minister Dimitris Avramopoulos and Croatian Foreign Minister Vesna Pusić in April 2013 Cultural relations between the two countries are governed by the 1995 Bilateral Cultural Agreement. A Chair in Modern Greek Language and Literature has been established at the University of Zagreb.

The East Slavic form kiot, sometimes used in English, derives from the Greek κῑβωτός, "box, ark". The usual word in Greek, however, is προσκυνητάρι, from προσκυνητής, "pilgrim", referring to the carrying of icons in cases or stands by pilgrims.Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek, s.v. "προσκυνητάρι".

Modern Greek uses the equivalent digraph μπ for , as β is used for . In Mpumpong of Cameroon, is a plain . is used in Juǀʼhoan for a pharyngealized or perhaps creaky . is used in Yélî Dnye of Papua New Guinea for doubly articulated and prenasalized .

Trikoupis is considered as one of the greatest modern Greek politicians for his reformist and modernising programs as well as for the introduction of the dedilomeni principle. Roads in all major Greek cities, as well as the Rio–Antirrio bridge, have been named after him.

There are difficulties in the apparently simple identification of Ithaca, the homeland of Odysseus, which may or may not be the same island that is now called (modern Greek: ).Strabo, Geographica, 1.2.15, cited in Finley, Moses. 1976. The World of Odysseus (revised ed.). p. 33.

The Greek Byzantine Catholic Church (Greek: Ελληνόρρυθμη Καθολική Εκκλησία, Ellinórrythmi Katholikí Ekklisía) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic particular church of the Catholic Church that uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in Koine Greek and Modern Greek. Its membership includes inhabitants of Greece and Turkey.

Collection of papers on medical onomatology and a grammatical guide to learn modern Greek (pp. 176-193). New York: Peri Hellados publication office. of Ancient Greek θυρεοειδής in Latin. Greek compounds ending in -ειδής, when imported into Latin as a loanword, ended in -ides.

Historically the speakers of Pontic Greek called it Romeyka (or Romeika, ), which, in a more general sense, is also a historical and colloquial term for Modern Greek as a whole. The term "Pontic" originated in scholarly usage, but it has been adopted as a mark of identity by Pontic Greeks living in Greece.Drettas 1997, page 19. Similarly, in Turkish, the language is called Rumca (pronounced ), derived from the Turkish word Rum, denoting ethnic Greeks living in Turkey in general; the term also includes other Greek speakers in Turkey such as those from Istanbul or Imbros (Gökçeada) who speak a language close to Standard Modern Greek.

"The translation of the Bible into Modern Greek implied that the modern language was sufficiently different from the ancient language that uneducated people could not read Holy Writ. This was an implication that conservative nationalists strenuously opposed." Since the foundation of the modern Greek state in 1830 the government had maintained the position that Ancient Greek, in its simplified katharevousa form, was the language of the nation. The language taught (very ineffectively) in schools was full, un- simplified Ancient Greek (although the pupils were not told that they were learning an ancient language; they were told they were simply learning to read and write).

The court case of the Babiniotis Dictionary () was fought in Greece over the legality of the publication of a Modern Greek dictionary that included a definition of the word "Bulgarian" (referring to a person or persons). George Babiniotis, professor of linguistics at Athens University, managed the publication of a dictionary in 1998, named Dictionary of Modern Greek, more commonly known as Babiniotis Dictionary. The dictionary was published by the Lexicology Centre. For the word "Bulgarian" the dictionary provided a dual definition, first its normal use referring to persons descended from Bulgaria, and second a definition marked as vulgar and derogatory to denote a fan of PAOK football team.

Map showing Coryphasium The headland that is Cape Zonchio, is just north of the island of Sphacteria (Sfaktiria in modern Greek), to the northwest of Navarino Bay (Ormos Navarinou in modern Greek). On the eastern side of Coryphasium is the Lagoon of Osman Aga (Limín Dhivári).Frazer, James George (1898) "36.I. Cape Coryphasium - Pylus" "Commentary on Book IV. Messenia" Pausanias's Description of Greece: Commentary on books II-V: Corinth, Laconia, Messenia, Elis (translated with a commentary by James George Frazer) Macmillan, New York, pages 456-457, To the south is Sikia Channel, 220 feet wide and only 18 inches deep, separating Cape Zonchio from Sphacteria.

Upon the restoration of order, having returned to Paris, he accepted a professorship of modern Greek established by the government, and held it until it was transferred to the Collège de France as the professorship of the ancient and modern Greek languages. He died in 1805, soon after his appointment. Another work of some importance, Anecdota Graeca (1781), from the Paris and Venice libraries, contains the Ionia (violet garden) of the empress Eudocia, and several fragments of the Neoplatonists Iamblichus and Porphyry, Procopius of Gaza, Choricius, and the Greek grammarians. Materials for an exhaustive work he was contemplating on ancient and modern Greece are preserved in the royal library of Paris.

The theatre is named after the Greek poet Odysseas Elytis. The name Odysseas is the modern Greek version of the name Odysseus, the protagonist of Homer's Odyssey. Homer is closely associated with the island given the fact that according to all sources he died on the island.

Radišić used the alternative title Galeomyomachia (Γαλεομυομαχία) for what was apparently the first modern translation of a secular Byzantine poetry text into Serbian. He also wrote several publications about the Greek scholar Adamantios Korais and other ancient and modern Greek philosophers of antiquity and recent times.

Octave Merlier (; 1897–1976) was an expert on the Modern Greek language. Merlier was born in Roubaix. He studied at the Sorbonne and École pratique des hautes études under the tutelage of Antonius Meillet and Joseph Vendyres. He served as director of the from 1938 to 1961.

The case of Gjirokastër. " Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 27. (1). p. 179: "The Albanians originating... According to the sources, there were two migrant groups, the one which travelled via Ohrid and ended in Thessaly while the other, moving through Kelcyre, reached Gjirokaster and the despotate.

In the modern Greek Army, the term agema denotes an honorary guard detachment, such as at the hoisting of the Greek flag or in national and religious feasts. The name was applied for a short time to the Royal Guard, following its establishment in December 1868.

Theia was named for the titaness Theia, who in Greek mythology was the mother of Selene, the goddess of the moon, which parallels the planet Theia's collision with the early Earth that is theorized to have created the Moon. In modern Greek, Theia also means "aunt".

Fiona McHardy is a Professor of Classics and also the Head of Classics in the Department of Humanities at the University of Roehampton. Her research interests include ancient and modern Greek literature, folk poetry, anthropology and culture. She teaches modules on ancient Greek language, literature and culture.

In his comedy Assemblywomen (c. 392 BC), Aristophanes coined the 183-letter word , a fictional food dish consisting of a combination of fish and other meat. The word is cited as the longest ancient Greek word ever written. A modern Greek word of 22 letters is () (gen.

In anatomic Latin, the expression os lagonicumKossmann, R. (1895). Die gynäcologische Anatomie und ihre zu Basel festgestellte Nomenclatur. Monatsschrift für Geburtshülfe und Gynaekologie, 2 (6), 447-472. can also be found, based on Ancient Greek λαγών. In modern Greek the nominalized adjective λαγόνιοSchleifer, S.K. (Ed.) (2011).

"Mëniku & Campos 2012, p. 2. "Albanian is an Indo- European language, but like modern Greek and Armenian, it does not have any other closely related living language. Within the Indo-European family, it forms a group of its own. In Albanian, the language is called shqip.

Chrysa Dimoulidou is a Greek novelist, writing in modern Greek. She was born in Serres, northern Greece, where she grew up. From 1976 until 2000, she worked for Olympic Airways, Greece's national carrier. Between 1984 and 1985, she was a reporter for the magazine called Discomoda.

13, no. 1, May 1993 Sung in Ecclesiastical and Modern Greek, the text is drawn from fragments of the Old Testament, the New Testament, the I Ching, Greek folk songs, the Divine Liturgy, and the writings of Kostas Gionis, Vasiliki Koukias (Constantine's mother) and Koukias himself.

His fame spread in the English-speaking world due to cinematic adaptations of Zorba the Greek (1964) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1988). He translated also a number of notable works into Modern Greek, such as the Divine Comedy, Thus Spoke Zarathustra and the Iliad.

In modern Greek folklore, the term "nereid" (, neráida) has come to be used for all nymphs, fairies, or mermaids, not merely nymphs of the sea. Nereid, a moon of the planet Neptune, is named after the Nereids. Nereid Lake in Antarctica is named after the nymphs.Nereid Lake.

Evans, Thammy, Macedonia, Bradt Travel Guides, 2012, p.173 In Macedonian language and the other South Slavic languages, the name of the city is Ohrid (Охрид). In Albanian, the city is known as Ohër or Ohri and in modern Greek Ochrida (Οχρίδα, Ωχρίδα) and Achrida (Αχρίδα).

As Sophia matured she became an invaluable assistant to Schliemann, whom he employed especially in social situations requiring the use of modern Greek. After his death she became caretaker of his funds and publications, continuing to advocate for his beliefs. She was a respected socialite in Athens.

The Hellenic Organization for Standardization (, Ellīnikós Organismós Typopoíīsīs; abbreviated ΕΛΟΤ in Greek and ELOT in English) is the national standards organization for the Hellenic Republic (Greece). It issues Greece's conformance marks and is responsible for various Greek standards, notably , Greece's official format for romanization of Modern Greek.

The spelling of the Greek name Χρήστος suggests a derivation from the word χρηστός, which in earlier forms of the language principally meant "useful",Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon: χρηστόςStrong's Concordance: χρηστός and in modern Greek means "ethical, righteous, good, just, upright, virtuous".

Modern Greek literature refers to literature written in common Modern Greek, emerging from the late Byzantine era in the 11th century AD. During this period, spoken Greek became more prevalent in the written tradition, as demotic Greek came to be used more and more over the Attic idiom and the katharevousa reforms. Manuel Chrysoloras, scholar in the Renaissance Adamantios Korais, major figure of the Modern Greek Enlightenment Dionysios Solomos, member of the Heptanese School (literature) and writer of the Hymn to Liberty The migration of Byzantine scholars and other émigrés during the decline of the Byzantine Empire (1203–1453) and mainly after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 until the 16th century is considered by some scholars as key to the revival of Greek and Roman studies and subsequently in the development of the Renaissance humanismByzantines in Renaissance Italy and science. These emigres were grammarians, humanists, poets, writers, printers, lecturers, musicians, astronomers, architects, academics, artists, scribes, philosophers, scientists, politicians and theologians.Greeks in Italy They brought to Western Europe the far greater preserved and accumulated knowledge of their own civilization.

After studying at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in 1964 he became a research associate at the 15th Ephorate of Classical Antiquities of East Macedonia and Thrace. His research enabled him to localize the administrative and religious centre of the city of Abdera in classical times and to discover the site of its Ancient theatre (1965). In the academic year 1967/1968 Dimadis was appointed research associate at the Department of Linguistics of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (collection and preparation of material for the Lexicon of Archaisms in Modern Greek Dialects, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1974). From 1968 to 1973 he was a member of the editorial staff for the Dictionary of Medieval Greek Vernacular Literature, 1100-1669 by Emmanuel Kriaras, from 1973 to 1980 he worked as a research associate at the Institute for Balkan Studies in Thessaloniki. From 1978 to 1980, Dimadis also held a teaching position for Modern Greek at the department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies at the Freie Universität Berlin.

Specifically, Epsilon- iota () initially became in classical Greek, before later raising to () while, later, omicron-iota () and upsilon-iota () merged with upsilon (). As a result of eta and upsilon being affected by iotacism, so were the respective diphthongs. In Modern Greek, the letters and digraphs (rare), are all pronounced .

Joseph, Brian D. and Irene Philippaki-Warburton (1987): Modern Greek. London: Routledge, p. 1. but some linguists group Greek together with various ancient languages thought to have been closely related or distinguish varieties of Greek that are distinct enough to be considered separate languages.B. Joseph (2001): "Ancient Greek".

K.K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhändler. In modern Greek the expression ἀγκωνιαίος μυςSchleifer, S.K. (Ed.) (2011). Corpus humanum, The human body, Le corps humain, Der menschliche Körper, Il corpo umano, El cuerpo humano, Ciało człowieka, Människokroppen, Menneskekroppen, Τό ανθρώπινο σῶμα, ЧЕЛОВЕК. FKG. is used, with the from anconaeus deviating adjective ἀγκωνιαίος.

Yuvarlakia Yuvarlakia, giouvarlakia (Greek γιουβαρλάκια, from Turkish yuvarlak 'round'Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής (Dictionary of Common Modern Greek), Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1998. , s.v.) is the Greek term for the rice and ground meat filling of sarma, prepared as a meatball. They may be served in tomato or avgolemono sauce.

A modern Greek Orthodox outdoor chapel on what is said to be the site where Lydia was baptized. Lydia of Thyatira () is a woman mentioned in the New Testament who is regarded as the first documented convert to Christianity in Europe. Several Christian denominations have designated her a saint.

In modern day, Greek lace, or Reticella, is generally considered a furniture lace. Greek Lace is also used as decoration rather than clothing. Authentic Greek lace is now predominantly made in Italy. Modern Greek lace is made with flax thread only, rather than the silk that was originally used.

In 1970 he was named to the historic chair of Koraës Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at the King's College London, a post he held until 1988. In 1977–1980 he was Assistant Principal of the King's College, and Vice-Principal in 1980–1981.

Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A study of the dialects of Siĺli, Cappadocia and Phárasa, with grammar, texts, translations and glossary. London: Cambridge University Press. 1916. pp. 316-325.The tale was obtained in Delmesó, in Cappadocia, as per the summary. and triplets (two boys and one girl).

The archaeological site consists of a) of a steep-sided mound or tell ('Toumba' in Modern Greek) and b) a low table (Trapezacf Tiverios, M. 1996. “Επτά χρόνια (1990–1996) αρχαιολογικών ερευνών στη διπλή τράπεζα Αγχιάλου-Σίνδου. Ο αρχαίος οικισμός”. AEMT 10 A: 407–425.) spreading around its base.

Ienăchiţă Văcărescu, portrait by Anton Chladek Ienăchiță Văcărescu (; 1740 – July 11, 1797) was a Wallachian Romanian poet, historian, philologist, and boyar belonging to the Văcărescu family. A polyglot, he was able to speak Ancient and Modern Greek, Old Church Slavonic, Arabic, Persian, French, German, Italian, and Ottoman Turkish.

The slash has the additional function of forming common abbreviations like for 'brothers'. The ligature kai (ϗ) is sometimes used for the same function as the English ampersand. There are special rules for how to write Greek numerals. In modern Greek, a number of changes have been made.

In modern print, a distinction is made between the letter in its original alphabetic role as a consonant sign, which is rendered as "Ϝ" or its modern lowercase variant "ϝ", and the numeric symbol, which is represented by "ϛ". In modern Greek, this is often replaced by the digraph .

The nonfinite verb forms in Modern Greek are identical to the third person of the dependent (or aorist subjunctive) and it is also called the aorist infinitive. It is used with the auxiliary verb έχω (to have) to form the perfect, the pluperfect and the future perfect tenses.

However, as pronunciation of letters changed over time, the diacritic marks were reduced to representing the stressed syllable. In Modern Greek typesetting, this system has been simplified to only have a single accent to indicate which syllable is stressed.Bulley, Michael. 2011. "Spelling Reform: A Lesson from the Greeks".

Current rank insignia of a Hellenic Army Ypolochagos. Ypolochagos () is used in the modern Greek language to mean "First Lieutenant". In the modern Hellenic Army the rank is superior to that of Anthypolochagos (Literally: 'In place of-Lieutenant', i.e. Second Lieutenant) and inferior to that of an Lochagos (Captain).

Cappadocian Greek (Καππαδοκικά) is a Hellenic language originally spoken in Cappadocia and since the 1920s spoken in Greece. It has very few speakers and was previously thought to be extinct. The Cappadocians rapidly shifted to Standard Modern Greek and their language was thought to be extinct since the 1960s.

The 2012–13 season is Panionios Gymnastikos Syllogos Smyrnis' 122nd season in existence and its 52nd in the top tier of the modern Greek football league system. This season marks the managerial debut of Dimitrios Eleftheropoulos. The club's U17 and U20 squads will compete in their respective leagues.

It is not clearly known when the city was founded, nor under what name. The Byzantine Greeks called it Sarànta Ekklisiès (Σαράντα Εκκλησιές, meaning forty churches). In modern Greek is known with the same name, too. In the 14th century this was translated to Turkish and called "Kırk Kilise".

Retrieved 28 August 2019. He was also elected a Fellow of King's College London in 2018. On 9 September 2019 he was knighted Commander of the Order of Honour by Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos for his lifelong contribution to the promotion of medieval and modern Greek studies and culture.

Having left school Ewart then went on to attend the University of Edinburgh and graduated with 1st Class Honours in Classics. However, it was his language skills that would prove vital in his war service after university; he could speak French, German, Dutch, Modern Greek, Spanish and Italian.

Mosinoeci (lower centre) in a map of the voyage of the Argonauts by Abraham Ortelius, 1624 Mossynoeci (, , modern Greek ', "dwellers in wooden towers") is a name that the Greeks of the Euxine Sea (Black Sea) applied to the peoples of Pontus, the northern Anatolian coast west of Trebizond.

Notable playwrights of the modern Greek theatre include Gregorios Xenopoulos, Nikos Kazantzakis, Pantelis Horn, Alekos Sakellarios and Iakovos Kambanelis, while notable actors include Cybele Andrianou, Marika Kotopouli, Aimilios Veakis, Orestis Makris, Katina Paxinou, Manos Katrakis and Dimitris Horn. Significant directors include Dimitris Rontiris, Alexis Minotis and Karolos Koun.

John Italus or Italos (, Iōánnēs ho Italós; ) was a NeoplatonicVasiliev A. Alksandr (1952) History of the Byzantine Empire, 2nd english edition, University of Wisconsin Press, USA, vol. 2, p. 474Merry Bruce (2004) Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature, Greenwood Press, USA, p. 57 Byzantine philosopher of the eleventh century.

Byzantinology also plays a large role in the other countries on the Balkan Peninsula, as Byzantine sources are often very important for the history of each individual people. There is, therefore, a long tradition of research, for example in countries like Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. Further centres of Byzantinology can be found in the United States, Great Britain, France and Italy. Today the two most important centres of Byzantinology in German speaking countries are the Institute for Byzantine Studies, Byzantine Art History and the Institute of Modern Greek Language and Literature at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and the Institute of Byzantine Studies and of Modern Greek Language and Literature at the University of Vienna.

From 1939 to 1970 he taught Byzantine and Modern Greek History in the University of Athens (among his students there were Angeliki Laiou, Nikolaos Oikonomides and Chryssa Maltezou), while in 1937–1946 he directed the Greek State Archives. He also taught modern Greek history in the Panteion University from 1951 to 1965, served as vice-chairman of the National Research Foundation in 1958 and was the first director of the Byzantine Research Institute from its foundation in 1960 to 1975. The Academy of Athens elected him as a full member in 1966, and Zakythinos went on to serve as its president in 1974. Zakythinos was also a Foreign Fellow of the British Academy.

The Greek community in Venice dates back to the Middle Ages, when the Republic of Venice was still formally part of the Byzantine Empire. Settled mostly in the sestiere of Castello, it reached its height in the centuries after the Fall of Constantinople, when many Greeks, including merchants, soldiers, and scholars, fled the Ottoman conquest. Tied to the Greek world through its extensive overseas possessions, the city became a major center for Greek education and the Modern Greek Enlightenment, but declined after the Fall of the Venetian Republic and the establishment of the modern Greek state. The community's property is now largely owned and managed by the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Studies in Venice.

Demotic Greek or Dimotiki (, , , lit. "language of the people") is a term used in contrast with Katharevousa to describe the colloquial vernacular form of Modern Greek which had evolved naturally from Koine Greek and was spoken by the vast majority of Greeks in Greece during the time of diglossia in the modern Greek state from the time of its founding in 1821 until the resolution of the Greek language question in 1976. In this context Dimotiki describes the specific non-standardized vernacular forms of Greek used by the vast majority of Greeks throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. During this long period of diglossia Katharevousa and Dimotiki complemented and influenced each other, as is typical of diglossic situations.

Concerning Dimitri Rondiris' stage direction the reviewers wrote that he surpassed the wildest dreams of his teacher Max Reinhardt, while Richard Prentis noted: The News Chronicle's Henry Bean wrote: "Hamlet in modern Greek —a new way of doing Shakespeare to end all new ways" and commented about the Electra that: "It takes many years in perfecting the difficult technique of the spoken chorus".Henry Bean, "They Play in Modern Greek", News Chronicle (London), June 14th, 1939. And W. A. Darlington noted in the Daily Telegraph: "The most impressive performance of the Electra that I have seen".W. A. Darlington, "Greek Actors' Triumph", The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post (London), June 20th, 1939.

Page 23-24: "The question of educating Albanians in their mother tongue was raised frequently in the reports of American religious missionaries in the Balkans. In June 1896 Reverend Lewis Bond reported that lessons at the Korça (Korcë) school were conducted in modern Greek, while the local people loved their own tongue, only spoken at home. "The question of the education of the Albanians in their own language was a problem posed many times in the reports of American religious missionaries in the Balkans. In June 1896 Reverend Lewis Bond reported that lessons at the Korça (Korcë) school were conducted in modern Greek, while the local people loved their own tongue which they spoke only at their homes.

Insignia of Field Marshal Alexandros Papagos Stratarches (), meaning Ruler of the Army in Greek, is a title for senior military commanders dating back to classical antiquity, in the sense of "commander-in-chief". In modern Greek usage, it has been used to translate the rank of Field Marshal. In this sense, the rank was borne by the Kings of Greece since 1939, and has been awarded only once in modern Greek history to a professional officer: Alexandros Papagos in 1949 for his leadership in the Greek victory against Fascist Italy in World War II and against the Communist forces in the Greek Civil War. The rank is not retained by the current (since 1974) Third Hellenic Republic.

Eugenios Voulgaris (1716-1806), scholar, theologian and figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment. In 1753, the Ecumenical Patriarchate entrusted Eugenios Voulgaris with the renewal of ecclesiastical education because it considered that he possessed the best available talents and offered him the post of the Academy's director. The time when Voulgaris became director of the Athonias (1753–1759), the modern Greek Enlightenment movement was exerting a productive influence throughout the entire monastic community of Mount Athos. The teaching methods of Voulgaris for the revival and upgrading of learning within the Orthodox Church envisaged a substantial training in classic studies combined with an exposure to modern European philosophy, including works of René Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz, Christian Wolff and John Locke.

Sophia Tavoularis (1843–1916), was a Greek stage actor. She belonged to the pioneers of the modern Greek theater of the 19th century. Tavoularis is noted to be active as a member of the travelling theater company of her spouse and colleague Dionysios Tavoularis, who was the leader of a Greek theater company touring Istanbul and the Greek cities such as Athens, Syros and Smyrna. The modern Greek theater was founded after the Greek independence of 1830, and the capital of Athens in itself did not have a theater until the temporary theater of Athanasios Skontzopoulos in 1836. The Tavoularis couple is regarded as one of the pioneers of the 19th-century Greek theater.

Panagis Kalkos (, 1818–1875) was one of the first Greek architects of the modern Greek state. Educated in Munich, he is a representative of a strict neoclassic style in architecture. He built some of the most characteristic neoclassic buildings, both public and private, of Athens, many of which still survive today.

Ioannis Chalkeus (Aromanian: Joan Chalkeus, , 1667-between 1730 and 1740) or Chalkias, was an Aromanian scholar, philosopher and figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment.Χαλκεύς Ιωάννης. Κάτοπτρο Ελληνικής Επιστήμης και Φιλοσοφίας. He was born in Moscopole, a major 18th century intellectual and commercial center of the Balkans (now in modern southeast Albania).

There, he studied Romance studies, English, Czech, and modern Greek. He later changed subjects and studied law and politics. During his studies, Adler received an award for his translation of a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in a competition. He finished his studies in 1883 with a doctorate in law.

Modern GreekAdams, Douglas Q., Essential Modern Greek Grammar, Dover Publ., 1987. distinguishes the perfective and imperfective aspects by the use of two different verb stems. For the imperfective aspect, suffixes are used to indicate the past tense indicative mood, the non-past tense indicative mood, and the subjunctive and imperative moods.

This together with the EAM-instigated "Red Terror", was followed by a period of "White Terror" against the Left, which contributed to the outbreak of the Greek Civil War in 1946. The clashes of Dekemvriana were among the bloodiest battles in modern Greek history, with a high rate of civilians deaths.

The term was coined by Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza in 1992 when she published her book But She Said: Feminist Practices of Biblical Interpretation. It is derived from , "lord, master" and , "authority, domination, sovereignty". However, the word kyriarchy (), already existed in Modern Greek, and means "sovereignty", i.e. the rulership of a sovereign.

The logo of the hotels Xenia at Paliouri. Chalkidice, 1962 Xenia (Ξενία) was a nationwide hotel construction program initiated by the Hellenic Tourism Organisation (Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τουρισμού, E.O.T.) to improve the country's tourism infrastructure in the 1960s and 1970s. It constitutes one of the largest infrastructure projects in modern Greek history.

The Maroutsaia School () or Maroutsios was a Greek educational institution that operated in Ioannina from 1742 to 1797. The school reached its peak under Eugenios Voulgaris, one of the main representative of the modern Greek Enlightenment. This period also marked the first phase of renaissance of Greek education in Ioannina.

The Theme of Strymon () was a Byzantine military-civilian province (theme) located in modern Greek Macedonia, with the city of Serres as its capital. Founded probably by the mid-to-late 9th century, its history as an administrative history was chequered, being variously split up and/or united with neighbouring themes.

Later rulers, especially the successful Ivan Asen II, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Greeks". Some members of the Asen family entered Byzantine service in the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries. The name also occurs as a family name in modern Greek, and could go back to the same name.

Some languages lack separate words for "Saturday" and "Sabbath" (e. g. Italian, Portuguese). Outside the English- speaking world, Sabbath as a word, if it is used, refers to the Saturday (or the specific Jewish practices on it); Sunday is called the Lord's Day e. g. in Romance languages and Modern Greek.

Francisco Leontaritis or Francesco Londarit or Francesco Londarit, Franciscus Londariti, Leondaryti, Londaretus, Londaratus or Londaritus (1518-1572) was a Greek composer, singer and hymnographer from today's Heraklion of the Venetian-dominated Crete (Candia) at the Renaissance age. He is considered by many as the father of modern Greek classical music.

Eliot influenced, among many others, Seán Ó Ríordáin, Máirtín Ó Díreáin, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, Bob Dylan, Hart Crane, William Gaddis, Allen Tate, Ted Hughes, Geoffrey Hill, Seamus Heaney, Kamau Brathwaite, Russell Kirk, George Seferis (who in 1936 published a modern Greek translation of The Waste Land) and James Joyce.

In Modern Greek the usage of augmentative is very common in everyday speech but not quite as common as diminutive forms. The usage of Augmentative is considered colloquial and it is not present at all in formal speech. There are a variety of augmentative suffixes Fem. -α, -άρα, -άκλα Masc.

100; Lydakis, Stelios, Istoria tis Neoellinikis Zographikis, [History of Modern Greek Painting], Athens, Melissa, 1976, p. 94 Spyridon Vikatos was one of his pupils. For four years, starting in 1873, he travelled to Smyrna and Asia Minor, Munich and Egypt with Gyzis during which he produced a number of Orientalist works.

Anagnostopoulou was born in Patras in 1959. She attended the 4th Lyceum of Patras before moving to Athens. Anagnostopoulou studied at the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Athens. She continued her studies in Paris, where she received two degrees.

Lambeti was born in 1926 in the village of Vilia, Attiki, to Kostas Loukos and Anastasia Stamati. She had six siblings. Her maternal grandfather was a Captain Stamatis who fought together with Kolokotronis against the Turks in 1821, when the modern Greek democracy was created. In 1928, the family moved to Athens.

In 1492, Jews expelled from Spain settled on the island.A.J. Schoenfeld. 2007. Immigration and Assimilation in the Jewish Community of Late Venetian Crete (15th–17th centuries). Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 25(1), 1–15 In 1574–77, Crete was under the rule of Giacomo Foscarini as Proveditor General, Sindace and Inquisitor.

"Haros" is the modern Greek equivalent of Charon, and usage includes the curse "you will be eaten (i.e., taken) by Haros", or "I was in the teeth of Haros" (i.e., "I was near death/very sick/badly injured"). During the Korean War, the Greek Expeditionary Force defended an outpost called Outpost Harry.

Rigas Feraios (, or Rhegas Pheraeos, ) or Velestinlis (Βελεστινλής, or Velestinles, )) ; 1757 - 24 June 1798) was a Greek writer, political thinker and revolutionary, active in the Modern Greek Enlightenment, remembered as a Greek national hero, a victim of the Balkan uprising against the Ottoman Empire and a pioneer of the Greek War of Independence.

In modern Greek, the word μαλακία – malakia has come to mean "masturbation", and its derivative μαλάκας – malakas means "one who masturbates". Depending on the tone of voice, this term can be used colloquially as a friendly greeting or in a derogatory sense when angry. This word is very common in modern Greece.

The mascots were named after the Greek gods Athena and Apollo, Phevos being a transcription of the modern Greek pronunciation of Phoebus, an epithet of Apollo. They were loosely modeled after an archaic Greek terra cotta daidala from the 7th century BC, which was recommended by curators at the National Archaeological Museum.

Lehrbeauftragte, for teaching modern-Greek language and philology – University of Marburg, Germany (1966–69). He organized and directed the «Center of Missionary Studies» at the University of Athens (1971–76). Associate Professor of History of Religions (1972–76). Full Professor of History of Religions in the National University of Athens (1976–97). Prof.

It has been applied to military commanders-in-chief as well as Roman and Byzantine emperors as the translation of the Latin title imperator. Its connection with Byzantine-style absolutism gave rise to the modern terms autocrat and autocracy. In modern Greek, it means "emperor", and its feminine form is autokrateira (, autokráteira, "empress").

Apollo kitharoidos (holding a cithara) and musagetes (leading the Muses). Marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE Cragus (Lycian league). The cithara or kithara (, ) was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the yoke lutes family. In modern Greek the word kithara has come to mean "guitar", a word which etymologically stems from kithara.

The coronis (, korōnís, "crow's beak" or "bent mark"), the symbol written over a vowel contracted by crasis, was originally an apostrophe after the letter: . In present use, its appearances in Ancient Greek are written over the medial vowel with the smooth breathing mark----and appearances of crasis in modern Greek are not marked.

Yannis Hamilakis (, ; born 1966) is a Greek archaeologist and writer who is the Joukowsky Family Professor of Archaeology and Professor of Modern Greek Studies at Brown University. He specialises in archaeology of the prehistoric Aegean as well as historical archaeology, including ethnography and anthropology. His research interests include nationalism, postcolonialism, and migration studies.

Three philosophers are especially notable: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. During the Roman era, significant contributions were made in a variety of subjects, including history, philosophy, and the sciences. Byzantine literature, the literature of the Byzantine Empire, was written in Atticizing, Medieval and early Modern Greek. Chronicles, distinct from historics, arose in this period.

The Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages now offers various languages for study at (post-A-level) undergraduate level, including French, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Portuguese, Modern Greek, Czech, Polish and Celtic. Many of these, especially the less commonly taught languages, can be taken up at beginner's level, otherwise known as ab initio.

Around 7500 seals are recorded. The project team estimate that, in printed form, the database would amount to some 1400 pages. The project was chaired until 2005 by Dame Averil Cameron. The current chair is Professor Charlotte Roueché FSA, head of the Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies department at King's College London.

Charles Marie Wladimir Brunet de Presle, né BrunetHe added "de Presle" to his family name after he married his cousin Émilie de Presle (died in 1855) (10 November 1809 – 12 September 1875) was a 19th-century French hellenist, byzantinist and historian who was also a papyrologist, translator in modern Greek and academician.

The English common name 'mallow' (also applied to other members of Malvaceae) comes from Latin malva (also the source for the English word "mauve"). Malva itself was ultimately derived from the word for the plant in ancient Mediterranean languages. Cognates of the word include Ancient Greek () or (), Modern Greek (), modern () and modern ().

Probably his most important work has been the Lexicon of Medieval Greek Demotic Literature 1100-1669 (Λεξικό της μεσαιωνικής ελληνικής δημώδους γραμματείας 1100-1669), published since 1968 and now supplemented with a 2-volume condensed edition. In 1997 he entrusted his medieval lexicon and its associated archives to the Centre for the Greek Language (Thessaloniki). His Greek Dictionary of the Modern Demotic Language, Written and Oral (Νέο ελληνικό λεξικό της σύγχρονης ελληνικής δημοτικής γλώσσας, γραπτής και προφορικής) (1995) is the most authoritative modern Greek monolingual dictionary. Kriaras worked on, and promoted research in, the problems related to medieval and modern Greek philology, lexicography and comparative grammatology, with his heart in the demotic language and the movements connected with its promotion.

This was followed by Neoellenika Laographika Kimena,Modern Greek Folklore Passages, Zaharopoulos: Athens, 1957 Synchrona Laographika,Contemporary Folklore, Loukatos: Athens, 1963 Neoelleniki Parimiomythi,Aetiological Tales of Modern Greek Proverbs, Ermis: Athens, 1972 and the monumental work Isagoyi stin Elleniki Laographia.Introduction to Greek Folklore, Educational Foundation of the National Bank: Athens, 1977 This is regarded as one of the classics of Greek folklore in which Dimitris Loukatos presented theories that influenced subsequent folklore research. He is perhaps best known in Greece for his best-selling five-volume work on Greek calendar customs,all published by Philippotis of Athens which has had both scholarly and popular appeal. The first title in the series, "Customs of Christmas and the Festive Holidays", appeared in 1979.

350 manuscripts, and 3,500 printed books. The monastery's documents are written in Greek and Turkish. Today the monastery has about 30 monks. A notable monk was Benjamin of Lesbos, who was ordained as a monk in the monastery in the late 1770s and went on to become a significant figure in the Modern Greek Enlightenment.

Light path of a Newtonian (catoptric) telescope Catoptrics (from katoptrikós, "specular",A Concise Dictionary of the English and Modern Greek Languages by Antonius Nicholas Jannaris, 1895 J. Murray from katoptron "mirror") deals with the phenomena of reflected light and image-forming optical systems using mirrors. A catoptric system is also called a catopter (catoptre).

He never graduated from high school. Nevertheless, in later years he would be awarded six honorary doctorates and would teach at the university level, as for instance when he held the Nikos Kazantzakis Chair in Modern Greek Studies at San Francisco State University, or when he acted as the McGuffey Visiting Lecturer at Ohio University.

Hanns-Josef Ortheil Hanns-Josef Ortheil (b. 5 November 1951 in Cologne) is a German author, scholar of German literature, and pianist. He has written many autobiographical and historical novels, some of which have been translated into 11 languages, according to WorldCat: WorldCat identities French, Dutch, Modern Greek, Spanish, Chinese, Lithuanian, Japanese, Slovenian, and Russian.

Lucca married the daughter of Athanasios Psalidas, one of the main representatives of the Modern Greek Enlightenment and member of Ali Pasha's council. He is mentioned as an excellent doctor, studied in Wien, Austrian Empire. According to Henry Holland he was Greek.Henry Holland M.D. F.R.S., Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, Etc.

Sibylla is a tragedy written by Angelos Sikelianos.Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, 1995, p. 1031. It was written in 1940,Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, 2004, p. 397. a few months before the Greco-Italian War and published in 1944, a few months before the liberation of Athens, in the journal Nea Estia.

In late August 2007, large parts of Peloponnese suffered from wildfires, which caused severe damage in villages and forests and the death of 77 people. The impact of the fires to the environment and economy of the region are still unknown. It is thought to be the largest environmental disaster in modern Greek history.

Over the past 20 years, she has worked as a historian in the area of modern Greek architecture, writing articles in Greek and foreign publications. In 1995, Fessas-Emmanouil was awarded the Athens Academy Prize for her two-volume book Theatre Architecture in Modern Greece."Helen Fessas-Emmanouil (Greece)" , Volos-m.gr. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

Harvard University Libraries possess the richest collection in Hellenic studies, in particular Modern Greek fiction of last decade, followed by Columbia University Libraries, Princeton University Library and University of Michigan Library. Φυσιογνωμία: αλλοιωμένη αλήθεια (Physiognomy: distorted truth) by Nikos Toumaras is the most widely distributed Greek fiction title in libraries of the last decade.

The Smolicz Award was honored posthumously under his name Smolicz Award: Language Teaching Scholarships which are offered every year to Australian citizens or others who have permanent residency status - enrolled in a university language teaching course. The languages supported for study include Aboriginal languages, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Indonesian, Japanese, Modern Greek, Spanish and Vietnamese.

During her years of employment at the University of Haifa, Rozen has introduced to the curriculum of the Jewish History Department the teaching of the Ladino culture. She set up the Modern Greek Studies program, and introduced the teaching of the philosophy of history into the School of History at the University of Haifa.

1918 [1864]. pp. 399-400. Richard M. Dawkins collected a variant from Phloïtá (The Magic Bird) in which the hero forces both the horns and the donkey transformations on the characters.Dawkins, Richard McGillivray. Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A study of the dialects of Siĺli, Cappadocia and Phárasa, with grammar, texts, translations and glossary.

There was a Koinon of Laconians, centred on Sparta and its old dominions for a period under Roman rule, a Koinon of the Macedonians, also under Roman rule. In modern Greek history, during the Greek War of Independence, a local self- government termed Koinon was set up in the islands of Hydra, Spetsai and Psara.

The building underwent major overhauls in 1874, 1881, 1890 (seats and scene) and 1896 (general). After the construction of the new building, the development of the theatrical movement continued, following the prosperity of the city. The theater bloomed throughout the interwar period and the greatest names of modern Greek theater appeared on its stage.

Prometheus, Audio CD (November 29, 1999), Orfeo, ASIN: B00003CX0N. using Aeschylus' Greek language Prometheia.Prometheus libretto in modern Greek and German translation, 172 pages, Schott; Bilingual edition (June 1, 1976), . Another work inspired by the myth, Prometeo (Prometheus), was composed by Luigi Nono between 1981 and 1984 and can be considered a sequence of nine cantatas.

A protoiereus (from , "first priest", Modern Greek: πρωθιερέας) or protopriest in the Eastern Orthodox Church is a priest usually coordinating the activity of other subordinate priests in a bigger church. The title is roughly equivalent with the title of protopope or archpriest. Даль В. И. Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка. М.:"Русский язык", 2000. . Vol.

Beta (, ; uppercase , lowercase , or cursive ; or ) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta represented the voiced bilabial plosive . In Modern Greek, it represents the voiced labiodental fricative (while in foreign words is instead commonly transcribed as μπ).

The name may be converted into a Latinised form first, giving -ii and -iae instead. Words that are very similar to their English forms have been omitted. Some of the Greek transliterations given are Ancient Greek, and others are Modern Greek. In the tables, L = Latin, G = Greek, and LG = similar in both languages.

Ioannina surrendered to the Ottomans in 1430 and until 1868 it was the administrative center of the Pashalik of Yanina. In the period between the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was a major center of the modern Greek Enlightenment.Sakellariou M. V. Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997, p.

The dative case, strictly speaking, no longer exists in Modern Greek, except in fossilized expressions like δόξα τω Θεώ (from the ecclesiastical τῷ Θεῷ δόξα, "Glory to God") or εν τάξει (ἑν τάξει, lit. "in order", i.e. "all right" or "OK"). Otherwise, most of the functions of the dative have been subsumed in the accusative.

John Anthony Petropulos was an American historian of Modern Greek history. Petropulos was born in 1929 in Lewiston, Maine to Greek immigrants. He received his B.A. from Yale in 1951 and his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1963. He joined the faculty of Amherst College in 1958, where he taught Balkan and Middle Eastern history.

Mikhail Georgiyevich Kollontay (; born August 21, 1952 in Moscow), Russian composer and pianist. Also known under his mother's name, Ermolaev. His father, Georgiy Fyodorovich Kollontay (1897-1954), an artist, was sent to the camps in 1938 (released in 1946, rehabilitated posthumously); his mother, Ekaterina Ilyinichna Ermolaeva (1922-2001), was a translator (English, modern Greek).

Halit Bey and Emine died in 1859 and 1861 respectively. His older brother Abdul became head of the household and moved the whole family to Yanina. There Sami attended the Greek language Zosimea high school. During that time he came in touch with western philosophy and studied Latin, ancient and modern Greek, French and Italian.

Bessarion Makris (, 1635- 1699) was a Greek scholar and theologian. He was born in Ioannina, northwestern Greece, center of the 17th-18th century Modern Greek Enlightenment. In 1672 Makris became the head of the Goumas (later known as Balanos) School. He composed a manual named Σταχυολογία (Set of Gleanings), printed in 1686 in Venice.

The English-language name Koine derives from the Koine Greek term , "the common dialect". The Greek word () itself means "common". The word is pronounced , or in US English and in UK English. The pronunciation of the word koine itself gradually changed from (close to the Classical Attic pronunciation ) to (close to the Modern Greek ).

Patreus (Ancient Greek: Πατρεύς; Modern Greek: Πατρέας, Patreas) was the mythical founder of the city of Patras, Greece. He was the son of Preugenes and ninth descendant of Lacedaemon, the founder of Sparta.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3. 2. 1 Patreus was the leader of the Achaeans who came from Sparta after the renowned Dorian Invasion.

The toponym derives from the Greek word Λευκωσία (Leukosia, Lefkosía in Modern Greek), meaning "white". A legend says that Leucosia was one the 3 mythological sirens met by Ulysses in the Odyssey."The Siren Leucosia" on cilentodamare.it The toponym is therefore related to Nicosia (, ), capital of Cyprus, and to Nicosia, a town in Sicily.

Accessed 7 Oct 2014.) Although modern Greek now uses the Latin hyphen, the Hellenic Organization for Standardization included mention of the enotikon in its romanization standard [Ellīnikós Organismós Typopoíīsīs, "Hellenic Organization for Standardization"]. [ELOT 743, 2ī Ekdosī, "ELOT 743, "]. ELOT (Athens), 2001. . and Unicode is able to reproduce the symbol with its characters and .

Minuscule 203 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 203 (Soden), is a modern Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 59.

They subsequently adopted influences from ancient Koiné, but became isolated from the rest of the Greek-speaking world after the decline of Byzantine rule in Italy during the Middle Ages. Among their linguistic peculiarities, besides influences from Italian, is the preservation of the infinitive, which was lost in the modern Greek of the Balkans.

Sparagmos is a central theme in Dimitris Lyacos's The First Death recounting the torments of a mutilated protagonist stranded on an island. The book draws upon the dismemberment of Dionysus as well as ancient Greek rituals and practices.The Journal of Modern Greek Studies,Volume 19, 2001/ Johns Hopkins University Press. Robert Zaller - Recent Translations from Shoestring Press.

Nikos Psyroukis (Greeκ:Νίκος Ψυρούκης; 1926 - 6 July 2003) was a Greek writer, journalist and one of the leading modern Greek Marxist historians.Reppas, C n.d., Nikos Psyroukis (1926 - 2003) accessed 29 October 2012, He was born in Ismailia in Egypt and studied at Charles University, Czechoslovakia. In 1956 he defended his doctoral thesis on the "Asia Minor Disaster".

The Jesuits were instead the instrument of Rome, even if they too benefited from French protection and were often of French origin. A Jesuit house was founded on Naxos in 1627, in part due to funding by the merchants of Rouen.Walter Puchner, “Jesuit Theatre on the Islands of the Aegean Sea.”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Vol.

The great modern Greek poet Constantine Cavafy includes a reference to Irene Doukaina in his poem "A Byzantine Nobleman in Exile Composing Verses", which refers to Doukaina as "that viper Irini Doukaina" and that as the cause of the titular nobleman's exile, "may she be cursed". It is a clear reference to her reputation as a plotter.

The term "κύριος" is still in use in the Modern Greek language and is the equivalent to the English terms "mister" (title conferred on an adult male), "master" (someone who has control over something or someone), and "sir" (an address to any male). For example, the English term "Mr. Smith" is translated to "κύριος Σμίθ" (kyrios Smith) in Greek.

In the eastern Greek dialects, which did not have an /h/, eta stood for a vowel, and remains a vowel in modern Greek and all other alphabets derived from the eastern variants: Glagolitic, Cyrillic, Armenian, Gothic (which used both Greek and Roman letters), and perhaps Georgian.Robinson, Andrew. The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs & Pictograms. New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Coleman, Brian, "George Horton: the literary diplomat", Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Volume 30, Number 1, January 2006, pp. 81-93(13). DOI:10.1179/030701306X96618 His account of the forced exodus of Christian inhabitants (Greek and Armenian), by Ottoman Turkish soldiers, chronicles the latter stages of the genocide of Asia Minor's native Christian population.Horton 2003, back cover.

Evangelos Mandoulides, professor of Ancient and Modern Greek, founded Mandoulides Schools in 1978. The school started as a traditional K6 school. In 1991 Evangelos Mantoulides decided to expand the school by adding a new campus and providing education for grades 7 through 12. In 2002 the Kindergarten, Primary, Junior and Senior High School opened their new premises.

': :Ankara (1920–present): Derived from Ἄγκυρα (Ánkyra, meaning Anchor) in Greek. :Constantinople (1453–1920): Named after the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The modern name Istanbul is derived from the Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" or in the Aegean dialect "εἰς τὰν Πόλιν" (modern Greek "στην Πόλη" ), which means "in the city", "to the city" or "downtown".

Pipina Bonasera (1900). Pipina Bonasera (1838–1927), was a Greek stage actor. She belonged to the pioneer generation of modern Greek theater and was one of the first professional Greek actresses as well as one of the first female theater stars of her country. She was also the first theater director of her sex in Greece.

Cicero, De Natura Deorum. In ancient Roman mythology, the planet Phainon was sacred to this agricultural god, from which the planet takes its modern name. The Romans considered the god Saturnus the equivalent of the Greek god Cronus; in modern Greek, the planet retains the name Cronus—: Kronos. See also the Greek article about the planet.

Christ in Rome (Greek: Ο Χριστός στη Ρώμη) is a tragedy by Angelos Sikelianos,Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, 1995, p. 1031. written and published in 1946. Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, 2004, p. 397. The play is set in 1st-century AD Rome, John Gassner, The Reader's Encyclopedia of World Drama, 2002, p. 397.

Theophilos Hatzimihail, circa 1900. Theophilos Hatzimihail ( or Θεόφιλος Κεφαλάς; born c. 1870, Vareia, near Mytilene, island of Lesbos; died in Vareia, Greece, 24 March 1934), known simply as Theophilos, was a major folk painter of modern Greek art. The main subject of his works are Greek characters and the illustration of Greek traditional folklife and history.

Ancient Greek did not have spacing or interpuncts but instead ran all the letters together. By Late Antiquity, various marks were used to separate words, particularly the Greek comma. The modern Greek ano teleia mark (, ánō teleía, lit. "upper stop"), also known as the áno stigmī́ (), is the infrequently- encountered Greek semicolon and is properly romanized as such.

K. Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, underlines his "spiritual virtues" and compares him with Themistocles, but he then asserts that all these gifts created a "traitor, an audacious and impious man".Κ. Paparrigopoulos, History of the Greek Nation, Αβ, 264–68. Walter Ellis believes that his actions were outrageous, but they were performed with panache.W. Ellis, Alcibiades, 18.

Georgios Babiniotis Georgios Babiniotis (; born 6 January 1939) is a Greek linguist and philologist and former Minister of Education and Religious Affairs of Greece. He previously served as rector of Athens University. As a linguist, he is best known as the author of a Dictionary of Modern Greek (Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας), which was published in 1998.

Stamatis Spanoudakis - Σταμάτης Σπανουδάκης (born December 11, 1948 in Nea Ionia, Greece) is a modern Greek classical composer. Early on he studied classical guitar. He went through a rock music phase, but then continued classical studies at the Würzburg State Conservatory with Bertold Hummel and later in Athens with Konstantinos Kydoniatis. Later on he studied Byzantine music.

Lykourgos Krestenitis (, 1793–1873) was a Greek politician during the early decades of the modern Greek state. Krestenitis was born in Pyrgos in Elis in 1793,His original name was not Lykourgos (Lycurgus), but his passion for the ancient philosophers made him change it. to Ioannis Krestenitis. He studied in Zante and later at the Ionian Academy.

In the theatre of ancient Greece, the bômolochus () was one of three stock characters in comedy, corresponding to the English buffoon.Carlson (1993, 23) and Janko (1987, 45, 170). The bômolochus is marked by his wit, his crudity of language, and his frequent non-illusory audience address. In modern Greek, the word refers to a foul-mouthed person.

Apostolos (Tolis) Voskopoulos () (born 26 July 1940, in Kokkinia, Piraeus) is one of the legends of modern Greek music. He also starred in many films and played in the Theatre in Athens. One of Voskopoulos' greatest theatrical hits was Oi Erastes tou Oneirou (Dream Lovers), which he performed opposite Zoe Laskari. Voskopoulos is married to former minister Antzela Gerekou.

Daniel Philippidis (; ; c. 1750 – 1832) was a Greek scholar, figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment and member of the patriotic organization Filiki Etaireia. He was one of the most active scholars of the Greek diaspora in the Danubian Principalities and Western Europe. Philippidis mainly wrote geographical and historical works as well as translated important handbooks of science and philosophy.

Until 1926, the village was known as German (). Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece, compiled by the Institute for Neohellenic Research In the Macedonian language, it is known as Герман, German and the name of the settlement comes from the old village church Sveti German (Saint Germanus). The modern Greek name Agios Germanos means "Saint Germanus".

The form does exist in Katharevousa, however, as the term for a small three-legged chair or table (and also of the "Rule of Three" in elematary arithmetics or generally of an analogy). Adamantios Korais, Atakta (Modern Greek Dictionary), vol. 5 (1835), p. 54.) is a diminutive which entered English usage in numismatics in the late 19th century.

The medieval and modern Greek name is Avlonas (Αυλώνας Aulōnas , accusative Αυλώνα Aulōna ), and is the source of the Latin Aulona, Italian name Valona (also used in other languages) and of the obsolete English Avlona."" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1878. During the Ottoman era the city of Vlorë was known in Turkish as Avlonya.Gawrych, G. W. (2006).

Thanassis Stephopoulos (Greek: Θανάσης Στεφόπουλος, 1 June 1928 – 29 December 2012) was one of Greece's most important 20th-century painters, teachers and philosophers of art. He was famous for his works, representing a genre of painting which he had introduced, the abstract landscape painting. He was one of the most important representatives of the so-called Modern Greek art.

During antiquity, the original letter form of digamma (Ϝ) came to be avoided in favour of a special numerical one (). By the Byzantine era, the letter was known as episemon and written as or . This eventually merged with the sigma-tau ligature stigma ϛ ( or ). In modern Greek, a number of other changes have been made.

The letter ζ represents the voiced alveolar fricative in Modern Greek. The sound represented by zeta in Greek before 400 BCE is disputed. See Ancient Greek phonology and Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching. Most handbooks agree on attributing to it the pronunciation (like Mazda), but some scholars believe that it was an affricate (like adze).

Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; pheî ; Modern Greek fi ) is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th century BC to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive (), which was the origin of its usual romanization as . During the later part of Classical Antiquity, in Koine Greek (c.

Amongst Germanic languages, it occurs in Dutch (and closely related Low German), Icelandic, many dialects in Scandinavia, and working-class Glaswegian English. It also occurs in Modern Greek (with a articulation), as well as the Baltic languages. There is no single IPA symbol used for this sound. The symbol is often used, with a diacritic indicating an pronunciation.

She was tutored in modern Greek and Russian together with Arnulf. Although she did attend some public courses for ladies, most of her education was provided by private tutors. While she had some enthusiasm for mathematics, her interest for natural sciences and foreign lands was significant. She also engaged in physical activities, such as swimming, bicycling and mountain walking.

Negative verbs are conjugated differently from positive ones (as in English "he goes" and "he does not go") in many tenses, otherwise adding only the negative to the positive conjugation. Grammatically, early forms of Armenian had much in common with classical Greek and Latin, but the modern language, like modern Greek, has undergone many transformations, adding some analytic features.

Kathryn Ross (born 1966 in Africa) is a popular British writer of over 30 romance novels. Her books have been translated into English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian Modern Greek, Japanese, Swedish, Finnish, Afrikaans, Polish, Arabic, Danish, German, Hebrew, Korean, Turkish, Norwegian, and Thai. Ross lives in Lancashire, England. She is married and has two stepsons.

What was essential to understand at that tender age was that modern Greeks descended from the ancient Greeks. Grown up children, however, must have been no less confused than adults on the criteria for defining modern Greek identity. Did the Greeks constitute a 'race' apart from the Albanians, the Slavs and the Vlachs? Yes and no.

Hamilakis is the author of more than 130 articles and has authored, edited, or co-edited eleven books, including a 2007 volume entitled The Nation and its Ruins: Archaeology, Antiquity and National Imagination in Modern Greece which won the Edmund Keeley 2009 Book Prize, awarded by the Modern Greek Studies Association, and was shortlisted for the 2007 Runciman Award.

K. Despotopolous, Foreword to Elli Lambridi, Introduction to Philosophy, p. 7; Hatzi, 'Emies', p. 363 These were very successful, attracting large audiences, and from these courses eventually came her Introduction to Philosophy (1965, 2004). In 1939, she published an extended critical review of the Odyssey by Kazantzakis in Neohellenica Grammata (Modern Greek Literature) which drew a hostile response.

Bulgarian demonstrates some linguistic developments that set it apart from other Slavic languages shared with Romanian, Albanian and Greek (see Balkan language area). Bulgarian was influenced lexically by medieval and modern Greek, and Turkish. Medieval Bulgarian influenced the other South Slavic languages and Romanian. With Bulgarian and Russian there was a mutual influence in both directions.

This is a timeline of ancient Greece from its emergence around 800 BC to its subjection to the Roman Empire in 146 BC. For earlier times, see Greek Dark Ages, Aegean civilizations and Mycenaean Greece. For later times see Roman Greece, Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Greece. For modern Greece after 1820, see Timeline of modern Greek history.

Unlike the recent immigrants from Albania, the Arvanites are a centuries-old local Albanian-speaking Greek community in parts of Greece (and mainland Albania), especially in the south. Their language, now in danger of extinction, is known as Arvanitika. Their number has been estimated as between 30,000 and 140,000. Many have been assimilated into modern Greek culture.

Vilaras studied medicine in Padua in 1789 and later lived in Venice. In 1801, he became a physician to Veli, son of Ali Pasha Tepelena (1741–1822). Vilaras is remembered primarily as a modern Greek poet, non-native Albanian speaker but fluent, according to François Pouqueville, who also describes him as bright. Vilaras spent time in southern Albania.

Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent. ;Taiga: from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Taiga ;Taramasalata: from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" + salata "salad". ;Taranchi: from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".

Modern Greek κομπολόι is derived from κομβολόγιον < κόμβος "knot" + -λόγιο "collection". It is sometimes said that it is short for the phrase σε κάθε κόμπο προσευχή λέω, "in every knot I say a prayer"- κόμπο "knot"-λέω "say" > κόμπο-λέω > κομπολόι.neolaia.de athensinfoguide.com This etymology accounts for the fact that κομπολόι evolved from κομποσκοίνι, the Greek word for prayer rope.

In modern Greek there is no difference in pronunciation between the former acute, grave, and circumflex accents, and in the modern 'monotonic' spelling introduced in Greek schools in 1982 only one accent is used, the acute, while monosyllables are left unaccented.David Holton, Peter Mackridge, Vassilios Spyropoulos (2012), Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language, p. 38.

After the war, Swann returned to Oxford to read Russian and Modern Greek. In the 1970s, Swann became a Sponsor of the Peace Pledge Union. Donald Swann was married twice; he married Janet Oxborrow in 1955 and they were divorced in 1983; his second wife was the art historian Alison Smith. In 1992 he was diagnosed with cancer.

The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims. 2013. p. 133. Current day Greeks refer to their language as ελληνικά or Greek, an appellation that replaced the previous term Romeiika during the early nineteenth century. In Turkey standard modern Greek is referred to as Yunanca, whereas the ancient Greek language is called Eski Yunanca or Grekçe. According to Heath W. Lowry'sProfessor.

His preachings are considered exemplars for modern ecclesiastical rhetoric. As of his language, it is simple Modern Greek and his style has something dramatical and hymnographic. His eloquent preachings are collected into the book "Διδαχαί" (Teachings), first published at Venice on 1725. An older book is "Η Πέτρα του Σκανδάλου" (The Start of the Scandal) about the Photian schism.

Iorga (1902), pp. XXX–XXXI, XXXVI–XXXVII Early on, Alecu received a thorough education both at home and abroad, and was well-versed in Latin, Ancient and Modern Greek, French and Italian.Rosetti, p. 74 He was later schooled in the Austrian Empire, with Félix Colson as his tutor and Iancu Văcărescu for a colleague,Ghica & Roman, p.

The city was founded as Hadrianopolis ( in Greek), named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. This name is still used in the modern Greek language (, Adrianoúpoli). The Ottoman name Edirne derives from the Greek name. The name Adrianople was used in English until the Turkish adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1928 made Edirne the internationally recognized name.

Werner Karl Heisenberg was born in Würzburg, Germany, to , a secondary school teacher of classical languages who became Germany's only ordentlicher Professor (ordinarius professor) of medieval and modern Greek studies in the university system, and his wife, Annie Wecklein. Heisenberg was raised and lived as a Lutheran Christian.The religion of Werner Heisenberg, physicist . Adherents.com. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.

The project was launched in 1968. Its board of directorsPrologue (in Greek) Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek at www.greek-language.gr retr:2018.07.19. The Board of Directors in 1968: Nikolaos Andriotis (Νικόλαος Ανδριώτης), Ioannis Kakridis (Ιωάννης Κακριδής), Stylianos Kapsomenos (Στυλιανός Καψωμένος), Emmanuel Kriaras (Εμμανουήλ Κριαράς), Linos Politis (Λίνος Πολίτης), Agapitos Tsopanakis (Αγαπητός Τσοπανάκης) and Charalambos Frangistas (Χαράλαμπος Φραγκίστας).

Lydakis, Stelios., Istoria tis Neoellinikis Zographikis, [History of Modern Greek Painting], Athens, Melissa, 1976, p. 141 In 1879 he married Irene Kyriakidi daughter of a tradesman from Smyrna and they had six children. His son Nikolaos Lytras followed in his footsteps by also studying at the Munich academy of Fine Arts and also heading the Athens School of Art.

David Connolly was born in Sheffield. He studied ancient Greek at the University of Lancaster and medieval and modern Greek literature at Trinity College, Oxford before gaining a PhD from the University of East Anglia on the theory and practice of literary translation.'The Editor / Translator', Connolly. ed., The Dedalus book of Greek Fantasy, 2006, p.

Clogg, A Concise History of Greece , pp. 25–26Goldstein, Wars and Peace Treaties, p. 20 Notable modern Greek politicians include Ioannis Kapodistrias, founder of the First Hellenic Republic, reformist Charilaos Trikoupis, Eleftherios Venizelos, who marked the shape of modern Greece, social democrats Georgios Papandreou and Alexandros Papanastasiou, Konstantinos Karamanlis, founder of the Third Hellenic Republic, and socialist Andreas Papandreou.

Sherrard's first book was The Marble Threshing Floor (1956), an "introduction to modern Greek poetry for English-speaking readers, which, together with his translations, brought the poetry of Cavafy and Seferis, together with its cultural background, to the attention of the literary world." As a translator of Modern Greek poetry, he had a long and productive collaboration with Edmund Keeley. They produced many books together, among them Four Greek Poets (1966), the Collected Poems of George Seferis (1967) and of C.P. Cavafy (1975) and Selected Poems by Angelos Sikelianos (1979) and Odysseus Elytis (1981). The importance of these translations is indicated by the fact that both Seferis and Elytis went on to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature after their work had become known beyond the Greek-speaking world.

Nikos Engonopoulos Nikos Egonopoulos (; October 21, 1907 - October 31, 1985) was a modern Greek painter and poet. He is one of the most important members of "Generation of the '30s",Eleni Kefala, Peripheral (Post) Modernity, Peter Lang, 2007, p. 160. as well as a major representative of the surrealist movement in Greece. His work as a writer also includes critique and essays.

Ancient Greek had a broader range of vowels (see Ancient Greek phonology) than Modern Greek does. Eta () was a long open-mid front unrounded vowel , and upsilon () was a close front rounded vowel . Over the course of time, both vowels came to be pronounced like the close front unrounded vowel iota () . In addition, certain diphthongs merged to the same pronunciation.

'Anthumes', a poetry collection, was translated by Jacques Bouchard, Professor of Modern Greek Studies at the University of Montreal with an introduction-analysis and explanatory notes. He is currently collaborating with the University of Crete on an education project on Greek Language and Civilization in the Hellenic Diaspora. Also he is a columnist in the leading Greek newspaper in Cyprus, Phileleftheros.

Modern Greek has a stress accent, similar to English. The accent is notated with a stroke (΄) over the accented vowel and is called (oxeia, "acute") or (tonos, "accent") in Greek. The former term is taken from one of the accents used in polytonic orthography which officially became obsolete in 1982. Most monosyllabic words take no accent such as in (, "the") and (, "who").

The alphabet on black-figure pottery with a lambda-shaped gamma Gamma (uppercase , lowercase ; gámma) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. In Ancient Greek, the letter gamma represented a voiced velar stop . In Modern Greek, this letter represents either a voiced velar fricative or a voiced palatal fricative.

Sappho Leontias (1832–1900) was a Greek writer, feminist, and educationist from Constantinople. She advocated for educational opportunities for Greek women and published Euridice, together with her sister Emilia, her own literary journal. She translated Jean Racine's Esther from the French and Aeschylus's The Persians into modern Greek. In 1887, she published a book on home economics, Oikiaki oikonomia pros hrisin ton Parthenagogeion.

Modern Greek language maintains three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. First and second person pronouns are genderless, while third person ones in both singular and plural use different endings to distinguish among the three genders. Greek verbs, however, have six endings (three persons, two numbers) and personal pronouns are rarely used, thus ensuring gender neutrality when needed. Difficulties arise with nouns denoting professions.

The Death of Digenis or Christ Unbound, is a tragedy by Angelos SikelianosMerriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, 1995, p. 1031. written and published in 1947.Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, 2004, p. 397. Three years later, in 1950, the music of the play was written following a cooperation between Manos Hadjidakis and Sikelianos.Σαν σήμερα «έφυγε» από τη ζωή ο Μάνος Χατζιδάκις.

Facade (front door) of the Archaeological Society of Athens The Archaeological Society of Athens (Greek: Εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία) is an independent learned society. Also termed the Greek Archaeological Society, it was founded in 1837, just a few years after the establishment of the modern Greek State, with the aim of encouraging archaeological excavations, maintenance, care and exhibition of antiquities in Greece.

He thought that philosophical instruction must begin with the study of mathematics (Angelo Nicolaides), and that good philosophy is mathematical philosophy. Also, Moisiodax banned the Aristotelian logic from the academic curricula, replacing it with the theory of knowledge, and proposed that the Ancient Greek be replaced in classrooms by Modern Greek, in order to increase the clarity of the lessons taught.

Retrieved 28 June 2013. and Christians.Papalexandrou, Nassos, "Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus: An Elusive Landscape of Sacredness in a Liminal Context ", Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Volume 26, Number 2, October 2008, pp. 251–281 According to the 2001 census carried out in the Government-controlled area,Statistical Service of Cyprus: Population and Social Statistics, Main Results of the 2001 Census.

Adamantios Lemos (; 13 January 1916 – 12 June 2006) was a Greek actor. He was one of the most influential figures in modern Greek theatre. During his 60-year career, he worked as a theatrical producer, actor, manager, theatrical teacher, director, and clothier. Lemos worked with several major theater companies, including Kotopouli Company and Katerina, before opening his namesake Lemos Theater in 1944.

Some of these firestorms are believed to be the result of arson while others were merely the result of negligence. Hot temperatures, including three consecutive heat waves of over 40 °C (105 °F), and severe drought rendered the 2007 summer unprecedented in modern Greek history. From the end of June to early September, over 3,000 forest fires were recorded across the nation.

Susanna Nerantzi (; ) was a Greek pianist and composer, perhaps born in Zakynthos, Greece. She is the earliest recorded modern Greek woman composer. She studied piano and composition in Corfu under Nikolaos Mantzaros and composed works which were published by Francesco Lucca of Milan in 1839. Some of her works are exhibited in the Music Museum of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu.

The School of Munich Ηistoria (Allegory of History) by Nikolaos Gyzis (1892). Georgios Jakobides, Children's Concert. Modern Greek art began to be developed around the time of Romanticism. Greek artists absorbed many elements from their European colleagues, resulting in the culmination of the distinctive style of Greek Romantic art, inspired by revolutionary ideals as well as the country's geography and history.

Initially having no bold weight, when Inconsolata was added to Google Fonts, it was fully hinted and a bold variant was added. A Hellenised version of Inconsolata, containing full support for monotonic Modern Greek, was released by Dimosthenis Kaponis in 2011 as Inconsolata Hellenic, under the same license. Inconsolata-LGC is a fork of Inconsolata Hellenic which adds bold, italic and cyrillic glyphs.

Angeliki Panagiotatou (; 1875 or 1878 - 1954) was a Greek physician and microbiologist. She was the first woman physician in modern Greece to have graduated from a University in Greece (predecessor Maria Kalapothakes having qualified abroad).Geropeppa, Maria; Altis, Dimitris; Dedes, Nikos; Karamanou, Marianna: The First Women Physicians in the History of Modern Greek Medicine, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica . 2019, Vol.

After she completed further studies in Germany, she returned to Athens University as a lecturer: she was the first woman lecturer in the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Medical School of Athens.Geropeppa, Maria; Altis, Dimitris; Dedes, Nikos; Karamanou, Marianna: The First Women Physicians in the History of Modern Greek Medicine, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica . 2019, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p55-64. 10p.

A lochos, plural lochoi ( lokhos, pl. lokhoi), is a tactical sub unit of Classical Greece and of the modern Greek army. The term derived from the ancient Greek for ambush and the men carrying out the ambush, but in practice, its meaning was essentially that of "war-band", a body of armed men. This translation has been used traditionally, e.g.

From 2003, she has served as the Director of the Centre Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies (founded by Anthony Bryer) at the University of Birmingham, and from 2005 to 2009 as the Assistant Director (Research) of the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity. A festschrift in her honour was published in 2011. Her husband is the Oxford medievalist, Professor Christopher Wickham.

The Greek title Μεταστάσεις was transliterated by the composer himself in various ways when writing in French: Les Métastassis, Métastassis, and Les Métastaseis. The Greek digraph ει is pronounced as "i" in modern Greek, and the correct French transliteration is Metastasis.Barthel-Calvet, Anne-Sylvie, "MÉTASTASSIS- Analyse: Un texte inédit de Iannis Xenakis sur Metastasis", Revue de Musicologie 89, no. 1 (2003): 129–87.

Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient city-state of Athens. Of the ancient dialects, it is the most similar to later Greek and is the standard form of the language that is studied in ancient Greek language courses. Attic Greek is sometimes included in the Ionic dialect. Together, Attic and Ionic are the primary influences on Modern Greek.

He taught courses in ancient and modern Greek, along with Latin and others covering classical civilizations. In 1992 he taught once again at the American School of Classical Studies where he was the director of the institution's first summer session. In 2000 he became professor emeritus at the University of Missouri. He died of complications of Parkinson's disease on New Year's Day 2007.

During the 4 to 5 days prior to the initial attack on the outpost, PVA artillery and mortar fire increased from an average of 275 to 670 per day during daylight hours. The soldiers of the Greek Expeditionary Force, Sparta Battalion adapted its name and called it Outpost "Haros", the modern Greek equivalent to Charon, Greek mythology's ferryman to the underworld of Hades.

Official website of NHM, Athens. In Greek Language Other authors put the onset of this period in the mid 18th century. For example, a series of historical presentations by academic historians in the Greek State Television (ERT), defined as "National Awakening" period the years 1750-1821.“Modern Greek Political History 1750-1940: The National Awakening (1750-1820)”, National Greek Radio-Television (ERT), 1989.

Thalassa is produced by France Télévisions. The show is also broadcast on TV5 Monde and is subtitled in six languages, including English. It is entirely focused on the sea (θάλασσα, thálassa in Ancient and Modern Greek) – geography, ecology, fishing, transportation, and yachting. It is one of the oldest French TV series still running (together with Des chiffres et des lettres).

He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science, Economics, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies from Queens College, City University of New York, a master's degree in Political Science from New York University and another in Diplomatic Studies from the University of Malta, and, finally, a doctorate from the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of the University of Athens.

University of Melbourne.Nick Nicholas. Alongside Albanian loanwords, it retains some archaic forms and words that are no longer used in Standard Modern Greek, as well as in the Greek dialects of southern Epirus. Despite the relatively small distances between the various towns and villages, there exists some dialectal variation,Encyclopedia of the stateless nations: ethnic and national groups around the world.

The medieval and modern Greek name was Αυλώνας /av'lonas/, accusative Αυλώνα /av'lona/, and is the source of the Italian name Valona and of the obsolete English Avlona."" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1878. During the Ottoman era, the Turkish Avlonya was also common.Gawrych, G. W. (2006). The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913. I.B.Tauris. p. 23. .

In early Attic Greek (6th century BCE), it was pronounced (a close back rounded vowel). In Classical Greek, it was pronounced (a close front rounded vowel), at least until 1030.F. Lauritzen, "Michael the Grammarian's irony about Hypsilon. A step towards reconstructing Byzantine pronunciation", Byzantinoslavica, 67 (2009) In Modern Greek, it is pronounced ; in the digraphs αυ and ευ, as or .

Alexandros Vasileiou (, 1760-1818) was a Greek merchant and scholar, one of the representatives of the modern Greek Enlightenment. He was born in Gjirokastër, Ottoman Empire (today's Albania). Vasileiou was one of many Greek merchants in the 18th-19th centuries that were involved in the fields of education and literature. A. Vasileiou played an essential role in the Greek Enlightenment movement.

Nohlen & Stöver, p838 The anti-Venizelist parties had recently won the elections of 1920. However the referendum is considered rigged by modern Greek historians. The result ensured and affirmed the dominance of the anti-Venizelist camp in the country. Constantine returned, albeit questioned by the supporters of the Liberal Party, while Liberal leader Eleftherios Venizelos maintained his silence, being in voluntary exile abroad.

Greek orthography has used a variety of diacritics starting in the Hellenistic period. The more complex polytonic orthography (), which includes five diacritics, notates Ancient Greek phonology. The simpler monotonic orthography (), introduced in 1982, corresponds to Modern Greek phonology, and requires only two diacritics. Polytonic orthography (from () "much, many" and () "accent") is the standard system for Ancient Greek and Medieval Greek.

Nick Nicholas. The local Greek dialects (especially the idioms of Chimariotic and the Argyrokastritic) are a more conservative Greek idiom (similarly to that spoken in the Mani peninsula in Greece, and the Griko language of Apulia in Italy),Appendix A. History & Diatopy of Greek. The story of pu: The grammaticalisation in space and time of a Modern Greek complementiser. December 1998.

In the Thai solar calendar of Thailand, the name ("Waan Arthit") is derived from Aditya, and the associated colour is red. In Russian the word for Sunday is Воскресенье (Voskreseniye) meaning "Resurrection". The Modern Greek word for Sunday, , is derived from (Kyrios, Lord) also, due to its liturgical significance as the day commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, i.e. The Lord's Day.

Joël Landais, Uropi Kreator, creator of the auxlang Uropi. After studying languages at the University of Orléans, then at the Sorbonne and at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, Joël Landais obtained the Agrégation diploma in English. He speaks French, English, Italian, Spanish, German and has a working knowledge of modern Greek and Russian. Today, he teaches English in a Chartres college.

The official languages of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish. In Northern Cyprus, Turkish was made the only official language by the 1983 constitution. The everyday spoken language (vernacular) of the majority of the population is Cypriot Greek, and that of Turkish Cypriots is Cypriot Turkish. For official purposes, the standard languages (Standard Modern Greek and Standard Turkish) are used.

Mount Olympus (; Olympos, for Modern Greek also transliterated Olimbos, or ) is the highest mountain in Greece. It is located in the Olympus Range on the border between Thessaly and Macedonia, between the regional units of Pieria and Larissa, about southwest from Thessaloniki. Mount Olympus has 52 peaks and deep gorges. The highest peak, Mytikas (Μύτικας Mýtikas), meaning "nose", rises to .

Pages 137-138 contain a list of proverbs in modern Greek and Albanian. Pages 138-187, in two columns per page format, contain the collection of grammatical notes both in Greek and Albanian. These bilingual grammatical notes, dated 1801, were designed no doubt to teach other Greek-speakers Albanian. On page 187, there is a list of names of living things.

After a failed pro-royalist insurrection led by General Ioannis Metaxas forced King George II into exile, Venizelos returned to Greece and became prime minister once again. However, he left again in 1924 after quarreling with anti-monarchists. During these absences from power, he translated Thucydides into modern Greek, although the translation and incomplete commentary were only published in 1940, after his death.

Adamantios Korais (1748–1833) influenced the further discussion considerably. While being a supporter of the language of the people, Korais sought to cleanse it from elements that he considered to be too "vulgar" and eventually invented Katharevousa. After a prolonged War of Independence, the modern Greek state was founded in 1830; the first capital was Nafplio and, from 1834 onwards, Athens.

Before that he was professor of Greek history and anthropology as well as a member of the Center for Greek Studies at the University of Florida. He is the editor-in-chief of the ten-volume Edinburgh History of the Greeks, the co-director of the UC San Diego Center for Hellenic Studies and a past president of the Modern Greek Studies Association.

The Cappadocian Greeks traditionally spoke a dialect of the Greek language known as Cappadocian Greek. Cappadocian Greek diverged from the other Byzantine Greek dialects early, beginning with the Turkish conquests of central Asia Minor in the 11th and 12th centuries, and so developed several radical features, such as the loss of the gender for nouns.Dawkins, R.M. 1916. Modern Greek in Asia Minor.

Zervos was born in Loutraki near Corinth in Perachora. He attended the Art Theatre School with Karolos Koun (Coon). He entered the theatrical scene from 1933 and participated with the greatest stars of the time as distinction in classic and main roles, even in modern Greek civics. His most theatrical plays he acted was Alkistis Antigoni (Alcestis Antigone), Macbeth, Pluto, etc.

She was born in Thessaloniki, Greece and migrated to Australia with her family two years later. Kostakidis attended Fort Street Girls' High School, and the University of Sydney, where she studied Modern Greek, Philosophy, French, German and Italian. She was also a founding member and first President of the University's Greek Society. She went on to complete a Diploma of Education.

Greece managed to increase the homogeneity of the population, especially in Northern Greece (Macedonia and Thrace). The urban population increased greatly, resulting in the creation of the modern Greek metropolises of Athens and Thessaloniki. New liberal ideas arrived along with the refugees, especially those coming from the cosmopolitan city of Smyrna. The influence of the refugees was particularly important in the cultural field.

In addition to the alphabetic letters, the letter ϯ stood for the syllable or . As the Coptic alphabet is simply a typeface of the Greek alphabet, with a few added letters, it can be used to write Greek without any transliteration schemes. Latin equivalents would include the Icelandic alphabet (which likewise has added letters), or the Fraktur alphabet (which has distinctive forms). While initially unified with the Greek alphabet by Unicode, a proposal was later accepted to separate it, with the proposal noting that Coptic is never written using modern Greek letter-forms (unlike German, which may be written with Fraktur or Roman Antiqua letter-forms), and that the Coptic letter-forms have closer mutual legibility with the Greek-based letters incorporated into the separately encoded Cyrillic alphabet than with the forms used in modern Greek.

In 1977, Pontic-descended Greek linguist D.E. Tombaidis began a study of Christian Pontic Greek refugees living in Greece to see if he could find traces of an infinitive, which he himself had never heard among Pontic Greeks. He could find only one informant who could understand and use the infinitive, otherwise, the speakers used a subordinating particle combined with a third-person finite verb form, just like speakers of Standard Modern Greek. Not all refugee Pontic Greek speakers could assimilate rapidly to Standard Modern Greek, and decades later could still reproduce other distinctive Pontic forms, leading Tombaidis to conclude that the Christian Pontic infinitive was already moribund by the time the Christian Pontians were expelled from Asia Minor during the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey; this in turn led Tombaidis to conclude that Deffner was not a reliable source.Tombaidis, D.E. 1977.

One could say that Makriyannis was forgotten, not only as a fighter, but also as the author of a text written in Demotic Greek; a text that, besides reproducing the heroic atmosphere of the War of Independence, is also a treasure-house of linguistic knowledge concerning the common Greek tongue of the time. Makriyannis's reputation was revived during the German occupation of Greece. In 1941, Yorgos Theotokas published an article on the general, calling his Memoirs "a monument of Modern Greek literature" because they were written in pure Demotic Greek.Yorgos Theotokas, General Makriyannis, Nea Estia, 1941 (in Greek) Two years later, in 1943, the Greek Nobel laureate Giorgos Seferis gave a lecture on him, saying: According to the National Book Centre of Greece, Seferis also stated that Makriyannis, along with Alexandros Papadiamantis, is one of the two greatest masters of modern Greek prose.

They knew the planet as Στίλβων Stilbōn, meaning "twinkling", and Ἑρμής Hermēs, for its fleeting motion,, . a name that is retained in modern Greek (Ερμής Ermis). See also the Greek article about the planet. The Romans named the planet after the swift-footed Roman messenger god, Mercury (Latin Mercurius), which they equated with the Greek Hermes, because it moves across the sky faster than any other planet.

Johannes Adrianus Menne Warren (Borssele, 20 October 1921 – Goes, 19 December 2001) was a Dutch writer. Much of his fame in the Netherlands derives from having published a collection of diaries in which he described his life and homosexual experiences in a country that deeply repressed homosexuality. He is also known for his poetry, his literary criticism, and his translations of poetry from Modern Greek.

In 1808, he moved to Vienna, where he studied law. At the same time, he developed an interest in the comparative analysis of the Slavic languages, to which he would devote all his later life. He became employed as a librarian and later an administrator at the Vienna Court Library. He later become the chief censor for books written in Slavic languages and Modern Greek.

The entry marks the first Greek Eurovision entry since 1998 to be sung entirely in Greek. "Opa" is a Greek interjection used to express joy or high spirits, especially when dancing.Babiniotis, Dictionary of Modern Greek According to Alkaios, 'Opa' is a happy word and just what people need in a time of trouble. The song is all about leaving the past behind and starting all over again.

The Nestor of the modern Greek Press, Levidis was a well-meaning patriot. By his talented and powerful writing in that journal, Levidis he mainly criticised to the outmost the Bavarian rule, first under the regency of Count Josef Ludwig von Armansperg and then under Otto himself. From the very first issue Levidis asked for the establishment of a proper constitution for the newly liberated Greek State.

Meyer was born in Groß Strehlitz in the Prussian Province of Silesia (present-day Strzelce Opolskie in modern Poland). In 1867 he enrolled in the Breslau University (now University of Wrocław) to study classical philology, Indo- European languages, Modern Greek, and Sanskrit. He was there influenced by philologists Martin Hertz and Adolf Friedrich Stenzler. In 1871 he defended his dissertation De nominibus graecis copositus.

If the word were native to Latin, it would be octōpēs ('eight-foot') and the plural octōpedēs, analogous to centipedes and mīllipedēs, as the plural form of pēs ('foot') is pedēs. In modern Greek, it is called ' (, gender neuter), with plural form ' (). Chambers 21st Century DictionaryChambers 21st Century Dictionary. Retrieved October 19, 2007. and the Compact Oxford DictionaryCompact Oxford Dictionary Retrieved October 19, 2007.

Born February 26, 1958 in Kyustendil, she graduated with a gold medal from the Sofia University, majoring in Bulgarian philology and Modern Greek language and literature. A PhD thesis on "The Sea in Contemporary Greek Poetry" begins. In the 80s she translated fiction from Greek, wrote reviews of newly published books by Balkan authors. She worked as an editor on the Bulgarian National Television and Sofia Press.

The Cretan literature due to the economic and intellectual growth observed in Crete during the Venetian era, it was rich in quantity and quality and important for the subsequent course of Modern Greek literature. The peaceful living and contact with a developed intellectual and cultural people were the factors that contributed to the cultivation of education and literature and the emergence of remarkable literary production.

The official records of the Hellenic Navy indicate 1795 but modern Greek historians believe that 1790 or 1793 is more probable.Αργολικη Αρχειακη Βιβλιοθηκη Ιστοριασ και Πολιτισμου (Argolis' File-Library of History and Civilisation). Constantine was left an orphan at a young age. Having to support himself, he chose to become a seaman like most members of his family since the beginning of the 18th century.

The name was revived just during the early 19th century, after the foundation of the modern Greek state with its Western Europe-derived obsession with Ancient Greece.Jelavich Barbara, History of the Balkans, Vol. 2: Twentieth Century, 1983, Cambridge University Press, , page 91.John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos M. Veremis, Modern Greece: A History since 1821. A New History of Modern Europe, John Wiley & Sons, 2009, , p. 48.

Agia Lavra monastery The monastery Agia Lavra is situated a few kilometres west of Kalavryta on the top of a hill. 12 to 20 km east, is Cave Lakes, with lakes inside. The length is around 300 to 500 m. The mountain hosts the most modern Greek telescope, named Aristarchus (after the ancient Greek astronomer - Aristarchus of Samos) and operated by the National Observatory of Athens.

Calabrian Greek is mentioned in the Red Book of UNESCO on endangered languages, together with Griko. In addition, Euromosaic analyses and recognizes it as being an endangered and minority language in the European Union. It is mentioned by Ethnologue as a dialect of Modern Greek in the sense of a modern vernacular language of the Hellenic family (as is the case with Pontic and Tsakonian Greek).

N. Nicholas (1999), The Story of Pu: The Grammaticalisation in Space and Time of a Modern Greek Complementiser. PhD Dissertation, University of Melbourne. p. 482f. (PDF) Separate status is sometimes also argued for Cypriot, though this is not as easily justified. In contrast, Yevanic (Jewish Greek) is mutually intelligible with standard Greek but is sometimes considered a separate language for ethnic and cultural reasons.

He manages the Lexicology Centre (Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας) which in 1998 published the Dictionary of Modern Greek (Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας), which has also come to be known as the "Babiniotis dictionary". On 7 March 2012, he was appointed Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs in the coalition cabinet of Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, a post which he held until 17 May 2012.

Heinrich Joseph Floss: 1850. Worldcat. Accessed 21 June 2010. and translated into several languages (Modern Greek, Latin, French He was also interested in the emerging Marian phenomenon, and his study of the appearances of Mary, published in 1850, explored the 14th-century manuscripts at the Klosterneuburg (German: Neuburg Priory), near Vienna.Worldcat. Neun Marienlegenden nebst einem Gebete an Maria: in Versen; aus einer altdeutschen Handschrift des XIV.

The origin of this modern Greek family name lies in the Middle Ages, in the city of Novo Brdo, Metohija, present day Kosovo. It was part of Vuk Brankovic’s realm and Pavle Orlovic’s fiefdom. Those who were empowered to act as Orlovic’s bodyguards or as a police force were known as čuvar (meaning “guardian” in Old Slavonic) and çanavar (meaning “brave” in Gheg Albanian).Tzavaras, Ath. op.cit.

Despite his military career he also took a great interest in the arts. He was active as a composer, poet and translator. He was known in particular as an expert on Modern Greek and was renowned for translating German literature into Greek. For his historical studies, for which he repeatedly travelled to Greece and Asia Minor (today Turkey), the University of Breslau awarded him an honorable doctorate.

In 1991, she appeared in the Attikon Theatre of Athens with a special show called "In Three Acts". In the first act, she sang songs by Hadjidakis, Loizos, Mikroutsikos and Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. In the second act, she hosted certain groups of modern Greek music and presented songs written by herself. The third act was a medley with her hits, old and new.

Drossinis, along with Costis Palamas and Nikos Kampas co-founded the New Athenian School,See Garantoudis, E. (2007). ‘The 1880s Generation’, in Lexico Logotechnikon Oron [Dictionary of Literary Terms], Athens: Patakis Editions, pp. 365-367. the Greek literary ‘1880s Generation’, a movement which renewed Greek literature and fought for the establishment of modern Greek language ("Demotic")About the language issue, see: Beaton, R. (1996).

He was born at Salonica in April 1743, the son of Peter Paradise (died 1 February 1779), English consul there. He was educated at Padua, then lived in London for most of his life in London. He knew ancient and modern Greek, Latin, Turkish, French, Italian, and English. In correspondence with Thomas Jefferson in the 1780s, Paradise assisted Jefferson in studying the Greek language.

A similar tale, The Three Heavenly Children, attests the consecutive births of three brothers (sun, moon and firmament) and the king overhearing his own sons narrating each other the story in their foster father's hut.Dawkins, Richard McGillivray. Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A study of the dialects of Siĺli, Cappadocia and Phárasa, with grammar, texts, translations and glossary. London: Cambridge University Press. 1916. p. 271.

The following years he became a student of Athanasios Psalidas, a major figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment and graduated from the Kaplaneios School of Ioannina at 1815. He taught in several schools in Epirus region and after the successful Greek War of Independence (1821–1830) he moved to Athens were continued his educational activity. He died in Karpenisi, at 1852.Kosmas Thesprotos culture.ana.gr.

In 1802, the potentate of Walachia, Skarlatos Kallimachis, sent him to Paris for political issues. He settled there and became Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier's secretary, helping him to publish his book Voyage pittoresque en Grèce. Zalykis wrote two dictionaries, one in French and one in modern Greek. Zalykis was the founder of the "Greek-speaking Hotel", Hellenoglosso Xenodocheio, a secret organization established in 1809.

In 1834, he became an archimandrite in Odessa. It was in Odessa where he became interested in Oriental Orthodoxy, learnt Modern Greek and Italian. He travelled to Palestine in 1842 and became head of the newly established Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem in 1847, which he headed until 1854. In 1845 and 1846, he travelled to Mount Athos in Greece and Mount Sinai in Egypt.

Maria Desylla-Kapodistria (, 1898–1980) was the mayor of Corfu from 1956 until 1959. Her election to mayor on April 18, 1956, made her the first woman elected mayor of a city in the history of modern Greece. She donated the land on which the Kapodistrias Museum, established in 1981 in memory of her ancestor Ioannis Kapodistrias, considered the founder of the modern Greek state, lies today.

Daniel invited non-Greek speakers with this dictionary to learn the Greek language:Kostantaras Dean J.. Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought. East European Monographs, 2006, , p. 96. In this period Moscopole was an important Balkan city, and the cultural and commercial center of the Aromanians, and the site of the first printing press working in the Balkans.

The very name Macedonia, revived during the early 19th century with the foundation of the modern Greek state, and was brought in the modern area as result of Hellenic religious and school propaganda.Richard Clogg, Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, , p. 160.Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , Introduction, pp. VII–VIII.

Modern Greek uses a few German loanwords for terms related to German or Austrian culture, such as snitsel (σνίτσελ; Schnitzel) and froilain (φροϊλάιν, from Fräulein, "Miss", used only for young women from Germany or Austria). Some loan words were introduced by the gastarbáiter ( γκασταρμπάιτερ , German Gastarbeiter), who have spent part of their life in Germany or Austria, such as lumben (λούμπεν), meaning "riffraff", from German Lumpen, "rogues".

He was dismissed characterized as a second rank nationalist. In 1950 he completed his studies and had taught Ancient and Modern Greek, History and Latin in private high schools of Athens. He emerged as a writer in 1944, with the publishing of the essay "Kairos tou einai" in Grammata periodical. A year later, he issued his first essay collection Three stations of a march.

Richard Clogg, Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, , p. 160.Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , Introduction, pp. VII–VIII. The very name Macedonia, revived during the early 19th century after the foundation of the modern Greek state, with its Western Europe-derived obsession with Ancient Greece, was applied to the local Slavs.

Wimbles 2002, p. 139. Finally, she spent long hours studying the Modern Greek, a language that was extremely hard for her to learn. Disappointed by the mediocrity of her daily routine, Elisabeth began to nourish jealousy for her sister Maria, married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, and her sister- in-law Helen of Greece, wife of her brother Crown Prince Carol of Romania.Wimbles 2002, p.

The serpent heads and top third of the column were destroyed in 1700.Thomas F. Madden, "The Serpent Column of Delphi in Constantinople: Placement, Purposes, and Mutilations," Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 16 (1992): 111-45. Parts of the heads were recovered and are displayed at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum. All that remains of the Delphi Tripod today is the base, known as the "Serpentine Column".

He spent his childhood in Colonus and later in Patisia. He has been living in Nea Smyrni since 2005. He studied law and modern Greek philology at the University of Athens and worked as a professor of philology in secondary education from 1980 to 2010. He was the co-founder of the literary journals To Dentro (1978), Nisos – Music and Poetry (1983) and Critique and Texts (1984).

In Modern Greek, it has two distinct pronunciations: In front of high or front vowels ( or ) it is pronounced as a voiceless palatal fricative , as in German ich or like the h in some pronunciations of the English words hew and human. In front of low or back vowels (, or ) and consonants, it is pronounced as a voiceless velar fricative (), as in German ach.

Featuring a dramatic soprano, a countertenor / baritone, a speaking voice (the mother) and a dancer (Christ), Days and Nights with Christ is sung in Ecclesiastical and modern Greek. The libretto is a collection of fragments drawn from Byzantine liturgy, the Old Testament, the New Testament, Jewish-American eccentric Emanuel Bronner's “Rules for Life”, and an interpretation of commentary provided by individuals suffering from schizophrenia.

Demetrios ("Dimitris") Pikionis (; 1887–1968) was a Greek architect, and also painter, of the 20th century who had a considerable influence on modern Greek architecture. He was a founding member of the Association of Greek Art Critics, AICA-Hellas, International Association of Art Critics. His oeuvre includes buildings and urban planning in Athens and the entirety of Greece—including several schools and a playground in Filothei, Athens.

The word aerodrome derives from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr), air, and δρόμος (drómos), road or course, literally meaning air course. An ancient linguistic parallel is hippodrome (a stadium for horse racing and chariot racing), derived from ἵππος (híppos), horse, and δρόμος (drómos), course. A modern linguistic parallel is velodrome, an arena for velocipedes. Αεροδρόμιο is the word for airport in Modern Greek, which transliterates as aerodromio.

Like all other modern Greek dialects except Tsakonian and, to some extent, Griko, Cretan evolved from Koine. Its structure and vocabulary have preserved some features that distinguish it from standard Greek, owing to the distance of Crete from other main Greek centres. Cretan Greek also shows influences from other languages. The conquest of Crete by the Andalusian Moors in 824 left behind mainly toponyms.

Bonaros has undergraduate degrees in Laws and Arts (Modern Greek and Social Politics) from the University of Adelaide. She had worked as a lawyer from 2003 until 2006 before becoming an advisor to Nick Xenophon for over 12 years. In 2007, Bonaros served as Xenophon's campaign manager. From 2007 she served in John Darley's office, running second on the ticket to Darley at that years election.

Saint George Church in Wien, where Gazis preached. On 1 September 1813, the Filomousos Eteria was founded in Athens, with Gazis among its four curators. Its goals were the propagation of education in Greece, providing funds for poor students, publishing works of classical literature and the preservation of antiquities. The organization influenced the spread of the ideas of the Modern Greek Enlightenment, indirectly promoting nationalism.

In Classical Greek, the letter beta ⟨β⟩ denoted . As a result of betacism, it has come to denote in Modern Greek, a process which probably began during the Koine Greek period, approximately in the 1st century CE, along with the spirantization of the other . Modern (and earlier Medieval) Greek uses the digraph ⟨μπ⟩ to represent . Indeed, this is the origin of the word betacism.

"Pseudo Ephrem Latinus" is the name given to Latin works under the name of Ephrem which are imitations of the style of Ephrem Latinus. There has been very little critical examination of any of these works. They were edited uncritically by Assemani, and there is also a modern Greek edition by Phrantzolas.A list of works with links to the Greek text can be found online here.

This arrangement ended in 1979, when all students were on the West Terrace site. In 1979, Adelaide High School became South Australia's Special Interest Language School, with students able to study up to seven languages: French, German, Latin, Modern Greek, Chinese, Spanish and Italian. Latin ceased to be offered in 2004 and was replaced by Japanese. Auslan was added as the eighth language in 2018.

Adelaide High School is especially known for being a Special Interest Language School. It offers its students eight different languages to study: Modern Greek, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Italian, French, Spanish, German and Auslan. The school is also a Centre for the Hearing Impaired and an Associate School for Students of High Intellectual Potential. It has a selected entry process in its special interest cricket and rowing programs.

Manuel Chrysoloras, scholar in the RenaissanceModern Greek literature is written in common Modern Greek. During this period, the modern vernacular form of the Greek language became more commonplace in writing. This period saw the revival of Greek and Roman studies and the development of Renaissance humanismByzantines in Renaissance Italy and science. The Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is a prominent work of this time period.

In Modern Greek, Ω represents the mid back rounded vowel , the same sound as omicron. The letter omega is transcribed ō or simply o. As the final letter in the Greek alphabet, omega is often used to denote the last, the end, or the ultimate limit of a set, in contrast to alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet; see Alpha and Omega.

A room faithfully reproduces the life of the ancient inhabitants of Gallicianò. \- The House of Music preserves typical instruments (zampogne, lire, tamburelli, organetti). \- The greekphone library is a reality that dates back to the '90s. It has a reading room, it has antique books and texts made in recent years by representatives of local culture and language as well as numerous modern Greek texts.

Syntagmatarchis (), sometimes anglicised as Syntagmatarch, is used in modern Greek to denote the rank of Colonel. It is translated as "leader of a regiment (syntagma)", and dates back to the Classical Age armies. However, the name is misleading in that the Hellenic Army retains very few regiments in its command structure. Thus, the typical responsibilities of Syntagmatarches are in staff positions, or as Executive Officers in brigades.

In 1811, Theophilos Kairis became headmaster, followed by Benjamin of Lesbos in 1820, both of them figures of the modern Greek Enlightenment and two of the most eminent representatives of the group of reform mathematics teachers from the Eastern Aegean region. Especially, Kairis taught mathematics and physics, but soon he left the school due to the differences in his views with those of the school board.

Notable songs are "Kato sto yialo", "S'ena paporo mesa", "Apopse tin kithara mou". The Church music (Byzantine) of the islands is also different from the rest of Greece, with a lot of western and Catholic influences on the Orthodox rite. The region is also notable for the birth of the first School of modern Greek classical music (Heptanesean or Ionian School, Επτανησιακή Σχολή), established in 1815.

Pope Celestine V is the subject of a popular history by author Jon M. Sweeney, The Pope Who Quit: A True Medieval Tale of Mystery, Death, and Salvation, published by Image Books/Random House in 2012. In 2013, HBO optioned the film rights. Pope Celestine V is the subject of the poem "Che Fece...Il Gran Rifiuto" by the modern Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy.

Old ethnographic map of Peloponnese. Tsakonian-speaking areas in sky blue (1890). Tsakonia () or the Tsakonian region () refers to the small area in the eastern Peloponnese where the Tsakonian language is spoken. It is not a formally defined political entity of the modern Greek state, being more akin to such vague regional constructions as "Dixie" in the United States or the "West Country" in England.

In Byzantine times, the name was Hellenized to () or (), hence the names Butella used by William of Tyre and Butili by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi. The Aromanian name is . The Modern Greek name for the city (, ), also meaning "monastery", is a calque of the Slavic name. The Turkish name () is derived from the Greek name, as is the Albanian name (), and the Ladino name ( ).

The dense and nightmarish imagery of the poem, replete with sensations of hallucination, delirium, synesthesia and putrefaction have drawn comparisons to Lautreamont, Trakl and Beckett.Jena Woodhouse, Lyacos: A "feast of all fruits"International Herald Tribune/Kathimerini English Edition, 4 May 2000The Journal of Modern Greek Studies,Volume 19, 2001/ Johns Hopkins University Press. Robert Zaller - Recent Translations from Shoestring Press. Tassos Denegris, Dimitris Lyacos, Dionysios Solomos.

The primary purpose is to maintain and promote the Cretan culture and values, and to a lesser extent, the modern Greek culture, among its members here in America. The programs to accomplish this are centered on philanthropy and on education. The association has a large scholarship program and grants thousands of dollars annually to educational and philanthropic institutions and programs in Crete and the United States.

Richard Clogg studied history at the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated as Master in 1963. From 1969 on, he was teaching modern Greek history at King's College London, first as lecturer, then reader, finally from 1988 to 1995 as professor of Balkan history. In 1995, he became senior research fellow as well as fellow of the governing board of St Antony's College, Oxford.

Under the Communist regime, Kálalová strongly protested against the death sentence for Milada Horáková who was executed on charges of conspiracy and treason in 1950. Apart from her medical skills, Kálalová had a gift for languages. She was fluent in fourteen foreign languages: in English, French, German, Russian, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Norwegian, Icelandic, modern Greek, Tajik and Georgian. She also worked as a translator.

Unlike Ancient Greek, which had a pitch accent system, Modern Greek has variable (phonologically unpredictable) stress. Every multisyllabic word carries stress on one of its three final syllables. Enclitics form a single phonological word together with the host word to which they attach, and count towards the three-syllable rule too. In these cases, primary stress shifts to the second-to-last syllable (e.g.

Lamiroy 2003. It was for this reason that his methods and results were given the name lexicon- grammar. His students have verified this working hypothesis in many typologically diverse languages, including not only Romance languages and German, but also Modern Greek, Korean, Arabic, Malagasy, and other languages. The work of the LADL was greatly enhanced by the use of computers, beginning in the 1980s.

Sakayan was born in 1931 in Salonica, Greece, to Armenian parents who had escaped the Armenian Genocide. She grew up in a multilingual environment, with her first languages being Western Armenian and Modern Greek, and she received early exposure to German, French and Turkish. After immigrating to Soviet Armenia, she received her education in Eastern Armenian and Russian. Later on, she mastered English and learned other languages.

Bashkia e Himares. In the intro, written by Vasilis Bolanos, the then- mayor. In the town of Himarë as well as in nearby villages of Dhërmi and Palasa mainly speak a unique local Greek dialect that preserves many archaic features no longer found in standard Modern Greek. This dialect has small variations in the way it is spoken in every town, especially in the accent.

Bowie's first book (based on his doctoral thesis) addressed the relationship between the language of the Lesbian poets, Homer, and spoken Aeolic. He showed that the language of Sappho and Alcaeus was a true poetic diction, the traditions of which stem form a poetic Koine, and that the origins of this Koine are presumably to be sought back in the Mycenaean period at least. His most influential book has been Aristophanes: Myth, Ritual and Comedy (1993; reprinted in 1994, 1995, 1996, 2005; and translated into Modern Greek in 1999),Modern Greek edition: in which he traces patterns from mythology, rituals, and rites of passage in the extant Aristophanic comedies (usually found in a reversed form than expected). In a decade when structuralism was seen as outdated and restrictive by classicists, and deconstruction was becoming more and more popular, this book contributed to a positive re-evaluation of structuralist approaches to literature.

The word monotheism comes from the Greek (monos)Monos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, at Perseus meaning "single" and (theos)Theos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus meaning "god".The compound is current only in Modern Greek. There is a single attestation of in a Byzantine hymn (Canones Junii 20.6.43; A. Acconcia Longo and G. Schirò, Analecta hymnica graeca, vol.

In June 2005, Mark Janse (Ghent University) and Dimitris Papazachariou (University of Patras) discovered Cappadocians in Central and Northern Greece who could still speak their ancestral language fluently. Many are middle-aged, third-generation speakers who take a very positive attitude towards the language, as opposed to their parents and grandparents. The latter are much less inclined to speak Cappadocian and more often than not switch to Standard Modern Greek.

He wrote extensively, including books on the harmony of modern music, Cypriot music, modern Greek music and his Encyclopaedia of Ancient Greek Music. He composed several works for choir, orchestra and solo such as the archaic suite, Eleftheria etc. His archive was left to the municipality of Limassol where he spent his most creative years. There is a dedicated museum-archive building housing the archive next to the municipal conservatoire.

Iotacism (, iotakismos) or itacism is the process of vowel shift by which a number of vowels and diphthongs converged towards the pronunciation () in post-classical Greek and Modern Greek. The term "iotacism" refers to the letter iota, the original sign for (), with which these vowels came to merge. The alternative term itacism refers to the new pronunciation of the name of the letter eta as after the change.

Aris Alexandrou (; real name: Αριστοτέλης Βασιλειάδης, Aristotelis Vasiliadis; 24 November 1922 – 2 July 1979) was a Greek novelist, poet and translator. Always on the Left and always unconventional ("I belong to the non-existent party of poets"), he is the author of a single novel (To kivotio - Mission Box) which is widely considered to be among the classic modern Greek works in the second half of the 20th century.

Anemi is a digital library that aims to provide simple and quick access to a rich collection of digitized material related to Modern Greek Studies. Apart from finding bibliographic information, the researcher can also browse the documents themselves in electronic form. They can find a great number of old and rare documents, as well as recent publications for which their creators allowed the digitization and free distribution over the Internet.

In 1934 Mathew returned to Oxford to take a post at Blackfriars Hall. He delivered lectures at both the School of Theology and Blackfriars. Matthew's publications covered a range of fields, including classical antiquity, Byzantine art and history, historical theology, patristics, and fourteenth-century English literature and politics. In collaboration with the Chair of Modern Greek studies, Professor John Mavrogordato, Mathew instituted Byzantine Studies at the University of Oxford.

As in Ancient Greek, in Modern Greek the accent cannot be placed before the antepenultimate syllable (Greek: , "law of three syllables", also known as "law of limitation" and Dreimorengesetz). As a result, in many imparisyllabic nouns, i.e. nouns that do not have the same number of syllables in all their inflections, an antepenultimate accent moves to the next syllable when a syllable is added. For example, (, "lesson") but and etc.

Haldon is from Northumberland, UK. He received his Bachelor’s Degree, from the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, his Master’s Degree from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany and his PhD from the University of Birmingham, in the UK. Haldon also studied Modern Greek at the University of Athens. He initially wanted to study Roman-British history and work on post-Roman Britain, but eventually changed his field of study.

The Institute of Modern Greek Studies was established in 1959 with the support of Manolis Triantafyllidis' bursary. The institute is housed in the building of the Faculty of Philosophy and is practically a branch of it. Its main mission is the advance of science and the promotion of Greek education and philology. This mission is accomplished mainly through the publication of books concerning Greek language, philology and literature.

Dimotiki became standardized over time and it was this standardized form of Dimotiki which in 1976 was made the official language of Greece. This standardized form of Dimotiki is today known formally as Standard Modern Greek. The term demotic Greek (with a lowercased d) is also a term used generally to refer to any variety of the Greek language which has evolved naturally from Ancient Greek and is popularly spoken.

The definite Albanian form of the name of city is Gjirokastra, while in the Gheg Albanian dialect it is known as Gjinokastër, both of which derive from the Greek name. Alternative spellings found in Western sources include Girokaster and Girokastra. In Aromanian the city is known as Ljurocastru, while in modern Greek it is known Αργυρόκαστρο (Argyrokastro). During the Ottoman era, the town was known in Turkish as Ergiri.

The combat platform is formally designated as "prospective family of heavy unified battlefield platforms". The name "Armata" derives from the plural of the Latin word arma which refers to weapons of war, and was an old Russian word for 14th century guns; it is also the plural of the ancient Greek word "Arma", meaning "chariot" or in modern Greek, "tank." This was wrongly transcribed as "Armada" by journalists on several occasions.

The two rites were evocations of ancient Byzantium never before seen in Landulph. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a member of the modern Greek royal family, visited Theodore's tomb together with his wife, Queen Elizabeth II, in 1962. Theodore has sometimes figured in popular culture. In the novel Sir John Constantine (1906) by Arthur Quiller-Couch, a band of Cornish squires called the "Constantines" are descended from Theodore.

He was the central figure of the Greek literary generation of the 1880s and one of the cofounders of the so-called New Athenian School (or Palamian School). Its main characteristic was the use of Demotic Greek. He was also the writer of the Olympic Hymn. Modern Greek literature is usually (but not exclusively) written in polytonic orthography, though the monotonic orthography was made official in 1981 by Andreas Papandreou government.

Cyril Alexander Mango (14 April 1928, Istanbul) is a British scholar of the history, art, and architecture of the Byzantine Empire. He is a former King's College London and Oxford professor of Byzantine and Modern Greek Language and Literature. He is the brother of Andrew Mango. One of his major works, The Mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul (1962), details the history of the mosaics of the Hagia Sophia.

Pictures of the heroes of the Greek War of Independence were removed from public schools as were book chapters dealing with modern Greek history. The Italian language became a mandatory school subject and shop owners were forced to use bilingual signs. On 25 March 1942, the circulation of the Greek drachma was outlawed and replaced by the Italian Ionian drachma. Greek stamps were replaced in a similar manner.

Ivan Iliev Gologanov was a Bulgarian National Revival activist, a brother of Theodosius Gologanov. Gologanov himself was fluent in ancient and modern Greek, he knew the Hellenic mythology in details. Gologanov became a collaborator of the pan-Slavic ethnographer and folklorist Stjepan Verković and is considered to be the author of the collection "Veda Slovena". At the request of Verkovic he collected folk songs, fairy tales, legends, etc.

Roger Bagnall, 2009:262. The Oxford handbook of papyrology In Modern Greek, and represent the diphthongs and , and the disyllabic sequence , whereas , , and transcribe the simple vowels , , and . The diacritic can be the only one on a vowel, as in (, 'academic'), or in combination with an acute accent, as in (, 'protein'). Ÿ is sometimes used in transcribed Greek, where it represents the Greek letter υ (upsilon) in hiatus with α.

Euboea or EviaEuboea is a transliteration from the , Euboia , while Evia and Evvia reflect the Modern Greek pronunciation . (, , ; , , ) is the second- largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only at its narrowest point). In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to .

TÖMER is an institution of Ankara University, run on revolving fund basis. Language courses are organized throughout the year, with weekday and weekend classes. TÖMER has about 55 thousand learners receive language education in one academic year. Languages taught in TÖMER include Turkish, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Modern Greek, Dutch, Korean, Bulgarian, Chinese, Ottoman language, Arabic, Polish and languages of the Central Asian Turkic Republics.

Though he taught the same theology that his father had taught before him, he was independent as well as reverent. His first book and that by which he is best known was his Outlines of Theology (New York City, 1860; enlarged ed., 1878; reprinted 1996, ), which was translated into Welsh, modern Greek, and Hindustani. The Atonement (Philadelphia, 1867; reprinted 1989, ) is still one of the best treatises on the subject.

A mosaic from the monastery, depicting the bathing of new-born Virgin Mary. Daphni or Dafni (Modern Greek: Δαφνί; Katharevousa: Δαφνίον, Daphnion) is an eleventh-century Byzantine monastery northwest of central Athens in the suburb of Chaidari, south of Athinon Avenue (GR-8A). It is situated near the forest of the same name, on the Sacred Way that led to Eleusis. The forest covers about , and surrounds a laurel grove.

Profiting from his loneliness, he studied the geography of the country and its diseases, learning modern Greek while not neglecting ancient Greek art and literature. His medical publications were also noteworthy. He died in Paris, 20 December 1838, never having been married. He named as his sole heir, Henriette-Elizabeth-Marthe Lorimier, who erected the monument at the Montparnasse cemetery to his memory and to whom this drawing is dedicated.

In modern Greek usage, the term has the connotation of "father of the nation", and is widely used as an epithet applied to some of the most influential political leaders of modern Hellenism: Eleftherios Venizelos, and Konstantinos Karamanlis. ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ 1940–1986 ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑΔΗΣ ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ p. 149. In the context of modern Cyprus, the term nearly always refers to the nation's first president, Archbishop Makarios.

The town is first mentioned in the 2nd century BC with the Greek name (Astraîon, "starry"). Text says "Unlocated town in Macedonia, also called Astraion, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny" by Ptolemy and Pliny. It was known as Tiberiopolis in Roman times, and received its present name from the Slavic settlers of the Middle Ages. In Turkish the town is known as Ustrumca, and in modern Greek Στρώμνιτσα (Strómnitsa).

It was in the Ionian Islands where modern Greek statehood was born, with the creation of the Republic of the Seven Islands in 1800. Ottoman Greece was a multiethnic society. However, the modern Western notion of multiculturalism, although at first glance appears to correspond to the system of millets, is considered to be incompatible with the Ottoman system.Maurus Reinkowski, “Ottoman “Multiculturalism”? The Example of the Confessional System in Lebanon”.

More recently, Benjamin Anderson has argued that the Parastaseis represents an attempt by a group of a self-styled aristocrats to claim the statues as repositories of secret knowledge about the future of the empire, and thus to gain leverage in their dealings with the eighth-century emperors.Benjamin Anderson, "Classified knowledge: the epistemology of statuary in the Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai", Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 35 (2011:1-19).

Chapter 1: Earth In general, Geographia Neoteriki, was welcomed with enthusiasm by western intellectual circles. Jean- Baptiste-Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, professor of modern Greek in the Ecole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, used it as a textbook for his students. French geographer Barbie du Bocage published a review after the book's publication along with a translated passage. Moreover, travellers who published accounts during the early 19th century, frequently cited the text.

Ioannis Taifakos, "Korais and Latin" in Proceedings of Korais Congress and Chios (Chios 11–15 May 1983), I, Athens: Omirion Pnevmatikon Kentron Chiou, 1984, pp. 67–89, esp. p. 70 He traveled to Paris where he would continue his enthusiasm for knowledge. There he decided to translate ancient Greek authors and produced thirty volumes of those translations, being one of the first modern Greek philologists and publishers of ancient Greek literature.

McDonald was born on 29 March 1936, in Langside, Glasgow. With his brother, he attended Glasgow High School. He went on to study law at University of Glasgow and began postgraduate studies in Greek and Italian at the same university. Soon thereafter McDonald was conscripted into the army as a translator in Cyprus, however he had studied ancient Greek rather than the modern Greek which was required for his posting.

The Lexicon has been translated into Modern Greek by Anestis Konstantinidis (Greek: Ανέστης Κωνσταντινίδης) and was published in 1904 with the title H. Liddell – R. Scott – Α. Κωνσταντινίδου – Μέγα Λεξικόν τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Γλώσσης.National Library of Greece catalogue An Italian translation of the Intermediate Liddell-Scott, entitled Dizionario illustrato Greco-Italiano was published in 1975 by Le Monnier. Editors were by Q. Cataudella, M. Manfredi and F. Di Benedetto.

The enamelled plates from the Monomachus Crown (if it is one) showing the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, 1042–1055, now in Budapest. A set of crown jewels were created for the first modern Greek king, Otto of Greece, but he never wore them and took them with him after fleeing the country. His descendants later returned the regalia to Greece, but they were still never worn by any Greek monarch.

The concept and term "National Awakening" (in Greek Εθνική αφύπνιση) is used by many historians, intellectuals and lay authors to refer to the revival of the Greek national self-conscious, or modern Greek nationalism, which paved the way to the Greek Revolution of 1821. Whereas most authors do not define the exact time-frame of this period, it is generally agreed that this awakening (or revival) occurred in the 18th century.

Reaching Odessa, and short of money, the Bulgarian Society in that city financed his trip to Moscow. Konstantin enrolled at the Moscow University to study Slavic philology. While at the University of Athens, he was exposed, exclusively, to the teachings and thinking of ancient and modern Greek scholars. In Moscow, he came in contact with prominent Slavic writers and intellectuals, scarcely mentioned in any of the Greek textbooks.

A star (HD 240430) was named after him in 2017 when it was reported to have swallowed its planets. The planet Saturn, named after the Roman equivalent of Cronus, is still referred to as "Cronus" in modern Greek. "Cronus" was also a suggested name for the dwarf planet Pluto, but was rejected and not voted for because it was suggested by the unpopular and egocentric astronomer Thomas Jefferson Jackson See.

Polytonic spelling uses a variety of diacritics to represent aspects of the pronunciation of ancient Greek. Polytonic, along with lowercase letters, became standard in Byzantine Greek, although the ancient distinctions had disappeared, replaced by a simple stress accent. The orthographies of modern Greek, both katharevousa and dhimotiki, used the polytonic system until 1982, when monotonic spelling was introduced. In some conservative contexts, such as the Church, polytonic spellings are still used.

Instead of extending an overline over an entire number (like ), a ' (, lit. "hornlike projection") is placed to its upper right, a development of the short marks formerly used for single numbers and fractions. The modern is a symbol (ʹ) similar to the acute accent (´), but has its own Unicode character, encoded as U+0374. Alexander the Great's father Philip II of Macedon is thus known as in modern Greek.

525 The latest appearance of the title alongside a princess is with Doamna Marica, who was also a niece of Antonie Vodă. Ιω is featured on her Slavonic seal of 1689, which she continued to use in 1717—that is, after Prince Constantin had been executed.Năsturel, pp. 367, 369 Brâncoveanu's downfall inaugurated Phanariote rules, with Princes who spoke Modern Greek, and in some cases Romanian, as their native language.

Renos Apostolidis was a prolific writer. During his lifetime he published over 30 books. His first published work was Three Stations a Path (1945). Some of his most famous works are Wings of The Stork (1949), Poet Letters (1949), Pyramid 67 (1950), Modern Greek (1952), His Nipples and Manuscripts of Max Tod (1960), Criticism of War (1962), Corridors (1979), The Furies (1980) and Cats (1989), and Vortex (1993).

Their lack of arrangement detracts from their value, but they are a storehouse of information, and Meursius does not deserve the epithets of "pedant" and "ignoramus" which Joseph Justus Scaliger applied to him. Meursius also wrote about the troubles in the Netherlands. Meursius also authored the Glossarium graeco- barbarum,Glossarium graeco-barbarum one of the first dictionaries of Modern Greek. Complete edition of his works by J. Lami (1741–1763).

4th century BC to 4th century AD), its pronunciation shifted to that of a voiceless bilabial fricative (), and by the Byzantine Greek period (c. 4th century AD to 15th century AD) it developed its modern pronunciation as a voiceless labiodental fricative (). The romanization of the Modern Greek phoneme is therefore usually . It may be that phi originated as the letter qoppa, and initially represented the sound before shifting to Classical Greek .

Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ; ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 300. The name in English is pronounced or , but in modern Greek it is . This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ has changed from ancient to modern times from one of to either or , depending on what follows (see Greek orthography).

Kavala became greatly involved and developed further in the processing and trading of tobacco. Many buildings related to the storage and processing of tobacco from that era are preserved in the city. During the Interwar period and the Second Hellenic Republic, Kavala was the 4th largest city in Greece (after Athens, Thessaloniki, and Patras). In 1934 Dimitrios Partsalidis was elected mayor of Kavala, the first communist mayor in modern Greek history.

Bishop Athanassiy had a large library of holy books, which the young Alexander loved to read. Alexander, who desired to read "The Lives of the Saints" in the original, first studied the modern Greek language and later ancient Greek. At the end of 1963 he entered Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary, located at Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York. He completed seminary with a Bachelor in Theology Degree in 1967.

The papyrological hyphen () showed a group of letters should be read together as a single word, and the hypodiastole showed that they should be taken separately. Compare "" ("whatever") to "" ("...that..."). The hypodiastole was similar in appearance to the comma and was eventually entirely conflated with it. In Modern Greek, () refers to the comma in its role as a decimal point, and words such as are written with standard commas.

Prosalentis was descended from a noble Byzantine family, who fled to areas under the control of the Venetian Republic after the Fall of Constantinople. His father was Pavlos Prosalentis, who is considered to be the first significant modern Greek sculptor and, in 1811, created Greece's first art school. His earliest lessons naturally came from his father. Later, he finished his education at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia.

In 1627, he authorized the establishment of a Greek language printing press in Istanbul, the first of its kind. However, the French government lodged an official protest with Ottoman authorities once the press began to publish anti-Catholic polemics, and as a result, Ottoman authorities ordered its closure one year later. He sponsored Maximos of Gallipoli to produce the first translation of the New Testament in Modern Greek.

Arrian, Periplus Greek colonies of the Euxine Sea from 8th to 3rd century BCE. The Roman province of Cappadocia on the shore of the Euxine Sea, which Arrian was governor of. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (, ', modern Greek transliteration ', ) is a periplus or guidebook detailing the destinations visitors encounter when traveling about the shore of the Black Sea. It was written by Arrian of Nicomedia from AD 130-131.

A map showing the distribution of the Maniot dialect. The Maniot dialect of Modern Greek has several archaic properties that distinguishes it from most mainstream varieties. One of them, shared with the highly divergent Tsakonian as well as with the old dialects spoken around Athens until the 19th century, is the divergent treatment of historical (written <υ>). Although this sound merged to everywhere else, these dialects have instead (e.g.

Kyriakos Charalambides (, Kyriacos Charalambides) is one of the most renowned and celebrated living Cypriot poets. His poetry, essays, translations, and critical analysis celebrate the ideas of Western civilisation, expressed through the language and history of Greek culture. His poetic opus adds to the tradition established by such modern Greek poets as Constantine P. Cavafy, Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis. His poetry though holds steadfastly to the Greek Cypriot linguistic register.

Throughout the forty years of his career in Vienna, in the course of which Metastasio eventually outlived his own originality and creative powers, his fame went on increasing. In his library he counted as many as forty editions of his own works. They had been translated into French, English, German, Spanish, and modern Greek. They had been set to music over and over again by every composer of distinction.

He was born on 14 March 1894 in Magaradzhik village in Kars Oblast, then in the Russian Empire (today in Mağaracık, Turkey) of Pontic Greek parents. The family name derives from triantáfyllo, τριαντάφυλλο, Modern Greek for the rose flower. His family had moved to Russia. Graduating from the Moscow Praporshchik School in 1915, he served in the Russian Army in World War I, earning the rank of captain.

In it, Veltman "gives whole conversations in Yiddish, Modern Greek and Rumanian, as well as in the more readily intelligible German and French."William Edward Brown, A History of Russian Literature of the Romantic Period, Volume 2 (Ardis, 1986: ), p. 242. He followed Strannik with Koshchei bessmertny: Bylina starogo vremeni (Koshchei the immortal: a bylina of old times, 1833), a parody of the historical adventure novels popular at the time.

The Greek alphabet on a black-figure pottery vessel, with an archaic chickenfoot-shaped psi. Psi (uppercase ', lowercase '; psi ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet and has a numeric value of 700. In both Classical and Modern Greek, the letter indicates the combination /ps/ (as in English word "lapse"). For Greek loanwords in Latin and modern languages with Latin alphabets, psi is usually transliterated as "ps".

Nāṣīf ibn Ilyās Munʿim al-Maʿlūf (; 20 March 1823 – 14 May 1865), commonly known in the West as Nassif Mallouf, was a Lebanese lexicographer. He was a member of the Société Asiatique, a professor of Eastern literature at the Collège de la Propagande at Smyrna, and Secretary-Interpreter to the irregular Anglo-Ottoman cavalry. Besides Arabic, his mother tongue, he was learned in Persian, Turkish, English, French, Modern Greek and Italian.

Dreros (), also (representing Modern Greek pronunciation) Driros, near Neapoli in the regional unit of Lasithi, Crete, is a post-Minoan archaeological site, 16 km northwest of Agios Nikolaos. Known only by a chance remark of the 9th- century Byzantine grammarian Theognostus (De orthographia), archaeology of the site shows Dreros to have been initially colonised by mainland Greeks in the early Archaic Period about the same time as Lato and Prinias.

Under Karamanlis, New Democracy experienced an evident increase in popularity, but in the 2000 elections they lost by only 1.06% of the popular vote, the smallest margin in modern Greek history, registering 42.74% and obtaining 125 seats in the parliament. By 2003, New Democracy was consistently leading Simitis' PASOK in opinion polls; in January 2004 Simitis resigned and announced elections for 7 March, while George Papandreou succeeded him in PASOK's leadership.

José Antonio Ramos Sucre (Cumaná, 9 June 1890 – Geneva, 13 June 1930) was a Venezuelan poet, professor, diplomat and scholar. He was a member of the Sucre family of Venezuela and the great-great-nephew of Antonio José de Sucre. He was educated at the Colegio Nacional, and then at the Universidad Central de Venezuela where he studied Law, Letters and Languages (ancient and modern Greek and Sanskrit).

Languages of the Indo-European family (and many others) typically have two or three of the following voices: active, middle, and passive. "Mediopassive" may be used to describe a category that covers both the middle (or "medium") and the passive voice. In synchronic grammars, the mediopassive voice is often simply termed either "middle" (typical for grammars of e.g. Ancient and Modern Greek) or "passive" (typical for grammars of e.g.

Kalapodi () is a modern Greek village in the Lokroi municipality, Phthiotis, Central Greece. Lokroi straddles the pass leading over the low mountains between the Bay of Atalantis in the Gulf of Euboea to the plains of Boeotia north of Lake Copais. The road is often termed the Atalanti-Livadeia. The community of Atalanti, the chief deme of Lokroi, overlooks the Bay of Atalantis, while Livadeia is the current capital of Voiotia.

These acts ensured the ethnic homogenization of the area under the rule of the future modern Greek state.Zarinebaf, Fariba., Bennet, John., Davis, Jack L. (2005), A historical and economic geography of Ottoman Greece, The America School of Classical Studies, Athens, pp. 162–71 According to claims by Turkish delegations, in 1878 the Muslim inhabitants in Thessaly are estimated to be 150,000 and in 1897 the Muslims numbered 50,000 in Crete.

Raubitschek was born in Boston, and was the oldest of three children. She began to study foreign languages as a child, eventually becoming fluent in Ancient Greek, Modern Greek, Latin, Italian, French and German. She met and studied with the art historian, Margarete Bieber, when she attended Barnard College in 1935. While at Barnard, she received the Lucille Pulitzer scholarship, which provided finances for four full years of study.

The modern Greek (closest to the original) is Dionysios or Dionysis. The Spanish is Dionisio. The Italian is Dionigi and last name, Dionisi. Like Caesar in secular contexts, Dionysius sometimes became a title in religious contexts; for example, Dionysius was the episcopal title of the primates of Malankara Church (founded by Apostle Thomas in India) from 1765 until the amalgamation of that title with Catholicos of the East in 1934.

His Fragments of the Greek Philosophers was the first comprehensive collection of the Pre-Socratics. His Grammar of the Greek Vernacular was the standard late 19th-century work on the development of modern Greek.. However, Nietzsche, who argued that Democritus's legitimate works should be limited to The Great Diacosmos and On the Nature of the Cosmos, the only two considered genuine by the Byzantine Suda, felt Mullach was "a negligent blockhead"..

The term Yevanic is an artificial creation from the Biblical word יון (Yāwān) referring to the Greeks and the lands that the Greeks inhabited. The term is an overextension of the Greek word Ἰωνία (Ionia in English) from the (then) easternmost Greeks to all Greeks. The word for Greece in modern Israeli Hebrew is Yavan; likewise, the word yevanit is used to refer to the modern Greek language in Hebrew.

According to the St. Petersburg Times,St. Petersburg Times, "A new take on 'fresh'", May 10, 2006 the word "Frescata" does not appear to mean anything in any other language, including Italian, referenced in the name of the Frescata Italiana sandwich. According to the article, the word Frescata was coined to bring to mind the word "fresh". The words mean something unintentional in another Mediterranean language, Modern Greek.

This version was written and performed at Zakynthos in 1682–83 and has Zeno buried alive and his brother Longinus executed.Frederick W. Norris, "Henotikon", in Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Everett Ferguson, Michael P. McHugh, Frederick W. Norris, Taylor & Francis, 1998, . Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, , p. 419. The play Romulus the Great (1950), by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, has Zeno as one of its characters.

Number 47 houses the administrative offices of the Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, as well as the University's Slavic and Modern Greek collections. Barnett House (named after the social reformer Canon Samuel Barnett and his wife Henrietta), home of the Department of Social Policy and Intervention is found along one side of the square. The Oxford University Broadcasting Society used a studio of Radio Oxford in the Square.

In various languages, variants of Hercules' name are used as a male given name, such as Hercule in French, Hércules in Spanish, Iraklis () in Modern Greek and Irakli () in Georgian. There are many teams around the world that have this name or have Heracles as their symbol. The most popular in Greece is G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki. Heracleum is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family Apiaceae.

The great bulk of his corpus was written in German, and most of his writings were translated by Kondylis himself into Greek. He was interested in a number of areas of study including: the Enlightenment and the preceding Renaissance-era critiques of metaphysics; the philosophy of war and Clausewitz, as well as the work of Hegel and Marx; Western bourgeois culture and its decline; Conservatism; post-Modernity, and International Affairs. He also translated into modern Greek classic works by authors such as: Xenophon, Burnham, Machiavelli, Marx, Lichtenberg, Pavese, Montesquieu, Chamfort, Rivarol, Schiller, Cassirer and Carl Schmitt. Moreover, he was publications manager of the Greek-language "Philosophical and Political Library" (editions Γνώση (1983–1998; 60 volumes)) and "Modern European Civilisation" (editions Νεφέλη (1997–2000; 12 volumes)), producing modern Greek translations of renowned texts by authors as diverse as: Hobbes, Lyotard, Foucault, ancient Greek Sophists and Cynics, Moscovici, Sorel, Heidegger, Burckhardt, Michels, Aron, Leo Strauss, Derrida, Locke, Hauser et al.

While comparative linguistics could in this way firmly establish that a certain source state, roughly along the Erasmian model, had once obtained, and that significant changes had to have occurred later, during the development towards Modern Greek, the comparative method had less to say about the question when these changes took place. Erasmus had been eager to find a pronunciation system that corresponded most closely to the written letters, and it was now natural to assume that the reconstructed sound system was that which obtained at the time when Greek orthography was in its formative period. For a time, it was taken for granted that this would also have been the pronunciation valid for all the period of classical literature. However, it was perfectly possible that the pronunciation of the living language had begun to move on from that reconstructed system towards that of Modern Greek, possibly already quite early during antiquity.

Kayaköy, anciently known in Greek as Karmilassos, shortened to Lebessos () and pronounced in Modern Greek as Livissi (), is presently a village 8 km south of Fethiye in southwestern Turkey in the old Lycia province. From Ancient Greek the town name shifted to Koine Greek by the Roman period, evolved into Byzantine Greek in the Middle Ages, and finally became the Modern Greek name still used by its townspeople before their final evacuation in 1923. In late antiquity the inhabitants of the region had become Christian and, following the East-West Schism with the Catholic Church in 1054 AD, they came to be called Greek Orthodox Christian. These Greek-speaking Christian subjects, and their Turkish-speaking Ottoman rulers, lived in relative harmony from the end of the turbulent Ottoman conquest of the region in the 14th century until the early 20th century, when the rise of nationalism led to persecution of minorities within the Ottoman realm and the eventual creation of modern Turkey by the Turkish National Movement.

Villa Mordoch Villa Bianca The Municipal Art Gallery of the Municipality of Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece was founded in 1966 as an offshoot of the Municipal Library. Since 1986 it has been housed in the Villa Mordoch on Vassilissis Olgas Avenue, a mansion designed by the architect Xenophon Paionidis in the eclectic style in 1905 and owned by the Municipality of Thessaloniki. Since 2013 it is housed in Villa Bianca, also on Vassilissis Olgas Avenue. It also uses the Makridis Room near the Posidonio sports centre on the sea front and the old Archaeological Museum (Yeni Cami) as permanent exhibition spaces. The gallery has more than 1,000 works in its collection, and these are divided into the Thessalonian Artists Collection (3 generations: 1898–1922, 1923–40, 1941–67), the Modern Greek Engraving Collection, the Collection of Byzantine and Postbyzantine Icons, which covers a period of six centuries, the Modern Greek Art Collection, and the Sculpture Collection.

115 By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek... Byzantine Greeks self-identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), Graikoi ("Greeks") and Christianoi ("Christians") since they were the political heirs of imperial Rome, the descendants of their classical Greek forebears and followers of the Apostles;; ; ; . during the mid-to-late Byzantine period (11th–13th century), a growing number of Byzantine Greek intellectuals deemed themselves Hellenes although for most Greek-speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan.. On the eve of the Fall of Constantinople the Last Emperor urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans. Before the establishment of the modern Greek nation-state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks".

This enable Greek NGO's to perform their duties unobstructed. As such a Greek medical group was the first foreign humanitarian aid NGO to operate in the affected region less than a month after NATO's military intervention begun. In general the amount of resources provided to the refugees of the war (primarily Albanians) represents the largest humanitarian campaign in modern Greek history. The Greek Army established a refugee camp in Pogradec, southeast Albania.

Amasya and Yeşilırmak River Pontic tombs on the mountain According to Strabo the Greek name Ἀμάσεια comes from Amasis, the queen of the Amazons, who were said to have lived here. The name has changed little throughout history: Ἀμάσεια, Amaseia, Amassia and Amasia are all found on ancient Greek and Roman coinage and continue to be used in modern Greek. , Ottoman Turkish أماصيا, and modern Turkish Amasya all represent the same pronunciation.

The first recorded name of the city is the Greek ('), referencing the table-like central hill between the Zağnos (İskeleboz) and Kuzgun streams on which it was founded (' meant "table" in Ancient Greek; note the table on the coin in the figure). In Latin, Trabzon was called ', which is a latinization of its ancient Greek name. Both in Pontic Greek and Modern Greek, it is called ('). In Ottoman Turkish and Persian, it is written as .

Parnassos Literary Society, painted by Georgios Roilos (Kostis Palamas is at the center) Greek literature can be divided into three main categories: Ancient, Byzantine and modern Greek literature.Encyclopædia Britannica - "Greek literature: Byzantine literature" Athens is considered the birthplace of Western literature. At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after.

During Easter of 1770, a notable revolt against Ottoman rule, in Crete, was started by Daskalogiannis, a shipowner from Sfakia who was promised support by Orlov's fleet which never arrived. Daskalogiannis eventually surrendered to the Ottoman authorities. Today, the airport at Chania is named after him. Crete was left out of the modern Greek state by the London Protocol of 1830, and soon it was yielded to Egypt by the Ottoman sultan.

After World War II, the Judaeo- Greek language of Ioannina underwent a process of koinezation. The only phonetic differences to Standard Modern Greek, which could be noted shortly after the war have been [x] > [s] before front vowels, unusual intonation patterns and some peculiar lexical items, mostly of Hebrew-Aramaic provenance.Bongas, E. A. The Language Idioms of Epirus (Northern, Central and Southern): The Gianniote and Other Lexicons, vol. 1. Etaireia Ipeirotikon Meleton, Ioannina 1964 (Greek).

The name resembles that of the Indian tanpura, but the Greek tambouras is a completely different instrument. Since modern Greek words do not have a standard transliteration into the Latin alphabet, the word may be found written in many ways: tampouras, tambouras, tabouras, taburas etc. Even the final -s may be dropped at the transliteration, since it marks the masculine nominative in Greek. Variations of the word are to be found in Greece: tsambouras, tambouri.

Dimitris Psathas (; 1907-13 November 1979) was a famous modern Greek satirist and playwright. He was born in Trabzon of Pontos in 1907 and died in Athens in 1979. He went to Athens in 1923 and finished his studies whereby he devoted himself to both journalism and the theatre. In 1937, he published his first book Justice is in a good mood and the next year his next book Justice is in a bad mood.

The Ancient Greeks called the morning star , ' (Latinized Phosphorus), the "Bringer of Light" or , ' (Latinized Eosphorus), the "Bringer of Dawn". The evening star they called ' (Latinized Hesperus) (, the "star of the evening"). By Hellenistic times, the ancient Greeks identified it as a single planet, which they named after their goddess of love, Aphrodite (Αφροδίτη) (Phoenician Astarte), a planetary name that is retained in modern Greek. See also the Greek article about the planet.

She is also the mother of several of the Sirens, the divine handmaidens of Kore (Persephone/Proserpina) who were cursed by her mother, Demeter/Ceres, when they were unable to prevent the kidnapping of Kore (Persephone/Proserpina) by Hades/Pluto. In Greek and Latin poetry since Horace (d. 8 BC), it was commonly auspicious to invoke Melpomene.Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature (Santa Barbara CA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004), 269-70.

Ultimately, however, neither state came into existence and the Pontic Greek population was expelled from Turkey after 1922 and resettled in the Soviet Union or in Greek Macedonia. This state of affairs was later formally recognized as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923. In modern Greek political circles, the exchange is seen as inextricable from the contemporaneous Greek genocide. One of the proposed flags for the Republic of Pontus.

Helen Fessas-Emmanouil (born 1943, in Volos) is a Greek architect specializing in theatre architecture. An assistant professor at the University of Athens, she has published a number of essays and books on modern Greek architecture. Fessas studied architecture at the National Technical University of Athens (1962–1967) where her doctorate thesis was Theatre Architecture in Modern Greece. In 1993, she was appointed assistant professor at the Department of Theatrical Studies at Athens University.

Hasan Hilmi Efendi, a Turkish Cypriot poet, was rewarded by the Ottoman sultan Mahmud II and said to be the "sultan of the poems".Gazioğlu, Ahmet C. (1990). The Turks in Cyprus: a province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878), 293–295, K. Rüstem. Modern Greek Cypriot literary figures include the poet and writer Kostas Montis, poet Kyriakos Charalambides, poet Michalis Pasiardis, writer Nicos Nicolaides, Stylianos Atteshlis, Altheides, Loukis Akritas and Demetris Th. Gotsis.

Robert Dyer on 13 June 2002. Therei is a modern Greek legend that Alexander the Great's sister Thessalonike did not die and turned into a mermaid () after her death, living in the Aegean. She would ask the sailors on any ship she would encounter only one question: "Is King Alexander alive?" (), to which the correct answer was: "He lives and reigns and conquers the world" (Greek: "Ζει και βασιλεύει και τον κόσμον κυριεύει").

The direct source of the English name calamari is disputed, with Spanish calamar, Italian calamaro (plural calamari), and Modern Greek kalamári being cited. Ultimately, all of these terms derive from the Late Latin calamarium, "pen case" or "ink pot", itself from the Latin calamarius, "pertaining to a writing-reed", after the resemblance in shape and the inky fluid that squid secrete; calamarius in turn derives from the Greek kalamos 'reed' or 'pen'., .

Modern Greek is divided into four levels, whereby one may obtain a diploma from the Greek government. For canon law students, Latin is required and taught. A well-developed Italian language programme has become the hard core of the propaedeutic year. Branching off from the Faculty of Eastern Ecclesial Sciences, the faculty of canon law was created in 1971, partly in view of the revision of Eastern canon law and a corresponding codex.

According to a story repeated by Plutarch, when Demosthenes was an adolescent, his curiosity was noticed by the orator Callistratus, who was then at the height of his reputation, having just won a case of considerable importance.Plutarch, Demosthenes, 5.1–3. According to Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philologist and philosopher, and Constantine Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, Demosthenes was a student of Isocrates;F. Nietzsche, Lessons of Rhetoric, 233–235; K. Paparregopoulus, Ab, 396–398.

The exception to this rule was in Constantinople and the Venetian-held Ionian islands, where many Greeks lived in prosperity.Michał Bzinkowski , Eleuthería ē Thánatos!: The idea of freedom in modern Greek poetry during the war of independence in 19th century. Dionysios Solomos’ “Hymn to Liberty” After about 1600, the Ottomans resorted to military rule in parts of Greece, which provoked further resistance, and also led to economic dislocation and accelerated population decline.

Troezen (; ancient Greek: Τροιζήν, modern Greek: Τροιζήνα ) is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern Peloponnese, Greece, on the Argolid Peninsula. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Troizinia-Methana, of which it is a municipal unit. It is part of the Islands regional unit.Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior Troezen is located southwest of Athens, across the Saronic Gulf, and a few miles south of Methana.

Sir Frederick Adam by Pavlos Prosalentis Bust of Plato (1815), the first dated modern Greek sculpture. He was descended from a noble Byzantine family, who fled to areas under the control of the Venetian Republic after the Fall of Constantinople. His first teacher was an Italian sculptor and woodcarver who was living on Corfu. In 1805, he went to Rome where he enrolled at the Accademia di San Luca and studied with Antonio Canova.

95 The middle and southern parts of Upper Macedonia corresponds roughly to the modern Greek region of West Macedonia while the northern part of Upper Macedonia corresponds to the southwestern corner of the Republic of North Macedonia. Hecataeus and Strabo identified these mountain Macedonia kingdoms as of Epirote stock. Three of the most important Hellenistic dynasties originated from Upper Macedonia: the Lagids from Eordaea, the Seleucids from Orestis and the Antigonids from Elimiotis.

See the summary in Curta, "Dark-age Greece", 113-14.) The first modern Greek translation of Fallmerayer's work appeared in 1984.Curta, "Dark-age Greece", 114 and 136 n. 11: "The first Greek translation of Fallmerayer's work is (Athens, 1984)." Fallmerayer's account of the split between "Occident" and "Orient" hinged on his interpretation of the Russian Empire, which he perceived as a powerful blend of Slavic ethnic characteristics, Byzantine political philosophy, and Orthodox theology.

In 1824 North established the Ionian Academy on the island of Corfu, which was under British control as part of the United States of the Ionian Islands. It was the first University to be established in modern Greece. In this context, he financed the studies in France (at Ecole polytechnique ) of Giovanni Carandino, the founder of the modern Greek mathematics. The academy has now closed but a statue of the Earl stands on the island.

Menopause literally means the "end of monthly cycles" (the end of monthly periods or menstruation), from the Greek word pausis ("pause") and mēn ("month"). This is a medical calque; the Greek word for menses is actually different. In Ancient Greek, the menses were described in the plural, ta emmēnia, ("the monthlies"), and its modern descendant has been clipped to ta emmēna. The Modern Greek medical term is emmenopausis in Katharevousa or emmenopausi in Demotic Greek.

Romani in Italy are generally known as zingaro (with the plural zingari), a word also used to describe a scruffy or slovenly person or a tinker. The word is likely of Greek origin meaning "untouchables", compare the modern Greek designations Τσιγγάνοι (Tsingánoi), Αθίγγανοι (Athínganoi). People often use the term "Rom", although the people prefer Romani (in Italian Romanì), which is little used. They are sometimes called "nomads," although many live in settled communities.

In modern Greek the word χορηγός is synonymous with the word "grantor".Pring, p. 214 Choregoi were appointed by the archon and the tribes of Athenian citizens from among the Athenian citizens of great wealth. Service as a choregos, though an honor, was a duty for wealthy citizens and was part of the liturgical system designed to improve the city-state's economic stability through the use of private wealth to fund public good.

Avgodectes is an invalid pterosaur genus. The full binomial is Avgodectes pseudembryon, which translates to "false-embryo egg-biter"; avgo is taken from modern Greek for "egg". It was named by David Peters in 2004 and based on a pterosaur found within an egg. While the scientists who initially described the fossil, Wang and Zhou, interpreted it as an unhatched embryo of an ornithocheirid pterosaur, Peters interpreted the find as a tiny, adult anurognathid.

In 1948 she was elected at the University of Amsterdam in the Chair of Modern Greek Language and Literature. In 1955 she became Director at the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post- Byzantine Studies in Venice. During her time in Venice she contributed to the renovation of buildings such as the Flanginian School and San Giorgio dei Greci, where she founded a museum. She remained in there until 1966, when she retired to Athens.

Classical Greek had a simpler system, but still more complicated than that of English. Note that most loan words from Greek in English are from Attic Greek (the Athenian Greek of Plato, Aristotle, and other "great" writers), not Demotic Greek, Koine (Biblical) Greek, or Modern Greek. This is because Attic Greek is what is taught in classes in Greek in Western Europe, and therefore was the Greek that the word borrowers knew.

Artos in Ancient Greek meant "cake", "loaf of wheat-bread", collectively "bread",. but in Modern Greek it is now more commonly used in the context of communion bread used in church, having been replaced in the broader context by the word , psomi. This word is thought to be first attested in Mycenaean Greek as the first stem of the compound word , a-to-po-qo, "bakers", written in the Linear b syllabary.

The name dönüm, from the Ottoman Turkish dönmek (, "to turn") appears to be a calque of the Byzantine Greek stremma and had the same size. It was likely adopted by the Ottomans from the Byzantines in Mysia-Bithynia.Ménage, op.cit. The Dictionary of Modern Greek defines the old Ottoman stremma as approximately 1,270 m2,Λεξικό, 1998 but Costas Lapavitsas used the value of 1,600 m2 for the region of Naoussa in the early 20th century.

The Twin Hamam also survives, as well as a number of Ottoman public buildings of the late 19th century. The city's famous bezesten, however, burned down in the great fire of 1864. Museums in Veria include the Archaeological Museum of Veroia, the Byzantine Museum of Veroia, the Folklore Museum of Veroia, a museum of modern Greek history and a laographical museum. There is also a 19th-century Jewish synagogue in the protected Jewish neighbourhood.

This concept was adopted by the antidictatorial struggle and had a profound impact on subsequent historical production. A resistance group blew up a bust of Metaxas in a Piraeus suburb in 1972. The concept became mainstream after 1974. The microhistory of Metaxas’ statues is examined by Kouki K. and Antoniou D. in a study on the construction of an ideological commonality between Metaxas, the 1967 junta and fascism in modern Greek history.

He was also an early and staunch advocate of the adoption of the monotonic system in the Greek language. In 1941, he was denounced by the faculty of the University of Athens for republishing a lecture in the monotonic system, which led to the so-called "Trial of Accents" and his suspension and later dismissal from the university.Demaras, K. Th., A History of Modern Greek Literature, trans. by Mary Gianos (London 1974) ii.

In fact, there are a number of languages that have a two-case system, such as Chemeheuvi, Kabardian, as well as in Iranian languages. Chemeheuvi is a language of the Numic branch of Uto-Aztecan family which has a nominative- oblique system. Yagnobi, an Iranian language, has both an accusative and ergative case. Semitic languages, Nubian languages, Modern Greek operate with a three-case systems, with a nominative, accusative, and genitive/oblique case.

Defner was an editor for the Archiv für mittel- und neugriechische philologie, a German-language journal on mediaeval and modern Greek studies; the Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen, an Indo- European studies journal founded by Balticist Adalbert Bezzenberger; and the German-Greek newspaper Νέα Ελλάς (Nea Ellas, "Greece News"). Deffner is an honorary citizen of Leonidio in the Peloponnese.Donauwörther Zeitung, 13. Juli 2009: Auf den Spuren eines Gelehrten His grandson and namesake is Prof.

1 May is a day that celebrates Spring. Maios (Latin Maius), the month of May, took its name from the goddess Maia (Gr ), a Greek and Roman goddess of fertility. The day of Maios (Modern Greek Πρωτομαγιά) celebrates the final victory of the summer against winter as the victory of life against death. The celebration is similar to an ancient ritual associated with another minor demi-god Adonis which also celebrated the revival of nature.

In the case of a fire, terrorist attack or major earthquake, the buildings, the flora and the fauna would be completely defenseless. Damage caused by time and weather is extensive. The Greek state has renamed the area as metropolitan area. A political idea to convert the former royal estate to a private winery or a resort with restaurants and barbecue could erase the important history from this important part of the modern Greek history.

He was a brilliant student both in high school and at the university. Already during his studies, he spoke French, German, Italian, English, all the Slavic languages, as well as Latin, old Greek, and middle Greek. Later in life, he learned modern Greek, Albanian, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. Tadija Smičiklas considered Šufflay his most gifted student and took him as his assistant when editing Codex Diplomaticus of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Although a particular sound is heard similarly by people of different cultures, it is often expressed through the use of different consonant strings in different languages. For example, the snip of a pair of scissors is ' in Italian, ' in Spanish, ' or ' in Portuguese, ' in modern Greek, ' in Albanian, and ' in Hindi. Similarly, the "honk" of a car's horn is ' (Han: ) in Mandarin, ' in French, ' in Japanese, ' in Korean, ' in Norwegian, ' in Portuguese and ' in Vietnamese.

The Sacred Band or Sacred Squadron () was a Greek special forces unit formed in 1942 in the Middle East, composed entirely of Greek officers and officer cadets under the command of Col. Christodoulos Tsigantes. It fought alongside the SAS in the Western Desert and the Aegean, as well as with General Leclerc's Free French Forces in Tunisia. It was disbanded in August 1945 but is the precursor of the modern Greek Special Forces.

Panayis Athanase Vagliano ( Panagis Vallianos; 1814–1902) was a Greek merchant and shipowner, acclaimed as the 'father of modern Greek shipping'. He was born in Kerameies on the Greek island of Cefalonia, where he first became a sailor, before becoming part of the Greek diaspora. Vagliano's mausoleum in West Norwood Cemetery. A high statue of Vagliano (by Georgios Bonanos) stands outside the National Library of Greece in Athens that he co-founded.

It is also reported that during his tour of Muslim countries he adopted a Muslim name of Abdur Rasheed Sayyah. Sayyah in Arabic means a traveller. As a linguist, he is said to have had acquaintance with some fifty languages, many of which he spoke fluently. At nineteen, he became lecturer in Arabic, Turkish and Modern Greek, and at twenty-three was appointed Professor in Arabic and Muslim Law at King's College London.

Piana () is a historical village of Arcadia and one of the most beautiful traditional Greek villages of Peloponnese. It is built at the Mainalo mountain, near the ruins of the ancient city Dipaia (). Its population was 70 at the 2011 census. The name of Piana is connected with the mythological god Pan (modern Greek: Πάνας), who, according to the ancient Greek mythology, had the legs of the goat under his human body.

Georg Graf was born in Münsingen, Germany, in 1875. He entered the seminary of Dillingen, where he studied Greek, Latin and Hebrew, while privately he also studied Syriac and Arabic. In 1902-1903 he completed his studies at Munich, studying ancient Egyptian, Coptic, modern Greek and later Georgian. In 1903 he obtained a doctorate of philology with his thesis on Arabic-Christian literature up to the 11th century, which was published in 1905.

Aleksander Sochaczewski's painting depicting the applying of shackles in the Siberian katorga camps. Katorga (; from medieval and modern Greek: katergon, κάτεργον, "galley") was a system of penal labor in the Russian EmpireRussian History, Bucknell University, 2008. and the Soviet Union (see Katorga labor in the Soviet Union). Prisoners were sent to remote penal colonies in vast uninhabited areas of Siberia and Russian Far East where voluntary settlers and workers were never available in sufficient numbers.

The following texts show differences from Attic Greek in all aspects – grammar, morphology, vocabulary and can be inferred to show differences in phonology. The following comments illustrate the phonological development within the period of Koine. The phonetic transcriptions are tentative and are intended to illustrate two different stages in the reconstructed development, an early conservative variety still relatively close to Classical Attic, and a somewhat later, more progressive variety approaching Modern Greek in some respects.

Ancient Greek also had a mediopassive in the present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect tenses, but in the aorist and future tenses the mediopassive voice was replaced by two voices, one middle and one passive. Modern Greek and Albanian have only mediopassive in all tenses. A number of Indo-European languages have developed a new middle or mediopassive voice. Often this derives from a periphrastic form involving the active verb combined with a reflexive pronoun.

In modern Greek, the planet retains its ancient name Ares (Aris: Άρης). From the surface of Mars, the motions of Phobos and Deimos appear different from that of the Moon. Phobos rises in the west, sets in the east, and rises again in just 11 hours. Deimos, being only just outside synchronous orbit – where the orbital period would match the planet's period of rotation – rises as expected in the east but slowly.

He switched to the modern Greek work and first starred in many Greek movies (I zavoliara, Orgi, Antigone, Anthropos yia oles tis doulies, Faidra, etc.) The role which made him famous was Shylock in The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare. He later finished his acting career due to the dictatorship. He last appeared at the Piraeus Public Theatre. He left for Paris, where he remained until his death at age 64 in 1969.

Horon in blue. Pontian dance retains aspects of Persian and Greek dance styles. The dances called Horoi/Choroi (), singular Horos/Choros (Chorus) (), meaning literally "Dance" in both Ancient Pontian and Modern Greek languages, are circular in nature and each is characterized by distinct short steps. A unique aspect of Pontian dance is the tremoulo (), which is a fast shaking of the upper torso by a turning of the back on its axis.

The 2008–09 season is Panionios is 118th season in existence and its 48th in the top tier of the modern Greek football league system. They will also compete in the Greek Cup and UEFA Intertoto Cup. This year Álvaro Recoba the star of Uruguay who was in Inter Milan for years transferred to Panionios on September. He came to Athens with his compatriot Fabián Estoyanoff who also signs his contract with Panionios.

Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture. Brill. The Jews have a place of note in the history of Modern Greek. They were unaffected by Atticism and employed the current colloquial vernacular which they then transcribed in Hebrew letters. The Romaniotes were Jews settled in the Eastern Roman Empire long before its division from its Western counterpart, and they were linguistically assimilated long before leaving the Levant after Hadrian's decree against them and their religion.

The linguistic varieties of Modern Greek can be classified along two principal dimensions. First, there is a long tradition of sociolectal variation between the natural, popular spoken language on the one hand and archaizing, learned written forms on the other. Second, there is regional variation between dialects. The competition between the popular and the learned registers (see Diglossia), culminated in the struggle between Dimotiki (Demotic Greek) and Katharevousa during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Athanasios Parios (; 1722–1813) was a Greek hieromonk who was a notable theologian, philosopher, educator, and hymnographer of his time, and one of the "Teachers of the Nation" during the Modern Greek Enlightenment. He was the second leader of the Kollyvades Movement, succeeding Neophytos Kausokalyvites (1713–1784). He also authored the lives of various saints. Athanasios was born in Kostos, a small village of Paros, in the year 1722 and died in Chios in 1813.

The lagoon of the city The town itself is very picturesque but also modern with functional, regular urban planning. Some very interesting buildings representative of traditional architecture can be seen here. People whose names were related to modern Greek history once lived in some of them. The mansion of the Trikoupis family, Palamas' House, Valvios Library, Christos and Sophia Moschandreou Gallery of Modern Art emphasize the fact that Missolonghi has always been a city of some wealth and refinement.

Modern Greek inherits most of its vocabulary from Ancient Greek, which in turn is an Indo-European language, but also includes a number of borrowings from the languages of the populations that inhabited Greece before the arrival of Proto-Greeks,. some documented in Mycenaean texts; they include a large number of Greek toponyms. The form and meaning of many words have evolved. Loanwords (words of foreign origin) have entered the language, mainly from Latin, Venetian, and Turkish.

The city of Athens (, Athênai [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯]; Modern Greek: Αθήναι Athine or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα Athina [a.'θi.na]) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC)Democracy and knowledge: innovation and learning in classical Athens by Josiah Ober p. 40 (2008) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League.

This military victory secured Greek control of the strategically important city of Nafplio which, after the revolution, would become the first capital city of the modern Greek state. After the revolution, Petrobey and his brother Tzanis Mavromichalis were arrested and imprisoned on charges of high treason as a result of stark political disagreements with Greece's first head of state, Ioannis Kapodistrias. In response to their imprisonment, Petrobey's brother Konstantinos and son Georgios Mavromichalis assassinated Ioannis Kapodistrias.

The trilogy would appear to belong to a context of tragic poetry and epic drama, albeit distinctly postmodern at the same time. It explores the deep structure of tragedy instead of its formal characteristics, having thus been called a post-tragic work. Homer, Aeschylus and Dante as well as the darker aspects of romantic poetry together with symbolism, expressionism,Robert Zaller - Recent Translations from Shoestring Press.The Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Volume 19, 2001/ Johns Hopkins University Press.

Chalkeus initially studied in the Greek college of his native town and then went to Rome where he converted to Catholicism. Chalkeus became director and teacher of the Greek school in Venice, the Flanginian, from 1694 to 1703 and from 1712 to 1716. He probably returned to Moscopole where he continued to teach. Among his students was also Theodore Kavalliotis, also a figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment, to whom Chalkeus taught Aristotelian philosophy and thought.

The word tzatziki appeared in English around the mid-20th century as a loanword from Modern Greek (), which in turn comes from the Turkish word ,Georgios Babiniotis, Babiniotis DictionaryTriantafyllidis Dictionary, University of Thessaloniki of obscure or unknown origin. It may be related to an Armenian word, cacıχ, but the Armenian word may itself come from Turkish or Kurdish. The root is likely related to several words in Western Asian languages. Persian ' () refers to various herbs used for cooking.

The grammar of Modern Greek, as spoken in present-day Greece and Cyprus, is essentially that of Demotic Greek, but it has also assimilated certain elements of Katharevousa, the archaic, learned variety of Greek imitating Classical Greek forms, which used to be the official language of Greece through much of the 19th and 20th centuries.Geoffrey Horrocks, Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers, Longman, New York, 1997, , p. 364 Γεώργιος Μπαμπινιώτης (5 December 1999). "Τι γλώσσα μιλάμε".

The school follows the standard curriculum prescribed by the Greek Ministry of Education, with additional hours in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Informatics, Economics, Modern Greek, Ancient Greek, Latin, English, French and German. English as a foreign language is obligatory and is taught at all grades. A bilingual language curriculum is offered for English native speakers and for highly proficient second language speakers. Either German or French is obligatory and taught at all grades as a second foreign language.

The building of the Hellenic Parliament (Old Royal Palace) in central Athens. Count Ioannis Kapodistrias, first governor, founder of the modern Greek State, and distinguished European diplomat Greece is a unitary parliamentary republic. The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974. It has been revised three times since, in 1986, 2001 and 2008.

Tack-shaped archaic consonantal Heta, together with a lowercase variant designed for modern typography.The rough breathing comes from the left-hand half of the letter H.Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar, par. 14. In some archaic Greek alphabets, the letter was used for (Heta), and this usage survives in the Latin letter H. In other dialects, it was used for the vowel (Eta), and this usage survives in the modern system of writing Ancient Greek, and in Modern Greek.

As such, it witnessed some of the most turbulent and important events in modern Greek history, including the assassination of Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis on the Parliament steps on 13 June 1905, and the declaration of the Republic on 25 March 1924. After the parliament was moved, the building housed the Ministry of Justice. In 1961 the building underwent extensive restoration and became the seat of the National History Museum, administered by the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.

How did genders and cases develop in Indo-European?The Original Nominal System of Proto-Indoeuropean – Case and Gender Many Indo-European languages retained the three genders, including most Slavic languages, Latin, Sanskrit, Ancient and Modern Greek, German, Romanian and Asturian (two Romance language exceptions). In them, there is a high but not absolute correlation between grammatical gender and declensional class. Many linguists believe that to be true of the middle and late stages of Proto-Indo-European.

It is often used for personal knowledge compared with intellectual knowledge (εἶδειν eídein), as with the French connaître compared with savoir, the Spanish conocer compared with saber, the Italian conoscere compared with sapere, the German kennen rather than wissen, or the Modern Greek γνωρίζω compared with ξέρω. A related term is the adjective gnostikos, "cognitive",LSJ entry γνωστ-ικός, ή, όν, A. of or for knowing, cognitive: ἡ -κή (sc. ἐπιστήμη), theoretical science (opp. πρακτική), Pl.Plt.258b.c.

The literature is scarce and consists of books of poetry, local history or calendars, frequently in three languages (Italian, Calabrian Greek and Modern Greek). In the absence of a linguistic authority, in the late 1970s, the association Jalò tu Vúa initiated a research group to set up methodological standards to teach Calabrian Greek and draft a grammar for the schools. The commune of Bova published it as pamphlet in 1979 with the title La Glossa di Bova (Bova's dialect).

There are two periodicals in Calabrian Greek: I Riza, which is trilingual (Italian, Calabrian Greek and Modern Greek) and published by the Jalò tu Vúa association, and CUMELCA. The former is a four-monthly publication, and the latter is supposed to be published every three months but is irregular. The region gives some financial aid to support the publications. No radio stations broadcast in Calabrian Greek, mostly because of the crisis of the local private radio stations.

On July 10, 1898, Aggrey agreed and left the Gold Coast for the United States, where he settled in Salisbury, North Carolina, and attended Livingstone College. He studied a variety of subjects at the university, including chemistry, physics, logic, economics and politics. In May 1902 he graduated from the university with three academic degrees. Aggrey was very talented in language and was said to have spoken (beside English) French, German, Ancient and Modern Greek, and Latin.

Satire made occasional use of elements from spoken Greek. The period from the Fourth Crusade to the Fall of Constantinople saw a vigorous revival of imitative classicizing literature, as the Greeks sought to assert their cultural superiority over the militarily more powerful West. At the same time there was the beginning of a flourishing literature in an approximation to the vernacular Modern Greek. However the vernacular literature was limited to poetic romances and popular devotional writing.

French diplomat and historian François Pouqueville stated that they are descendants of the Selloi, an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited the region in antiquity. Adamantios Korais, major figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment states in 1803 that the Souliotes are the "pride of the Greeks". During the Greek War of Independence Kitsos Tzavelas in his speech to the Third National Council of the provisional Greek government in 1826 stresses the sacrifice of the Souliotes for a common fatherland.

Iosipos Moisiodax was a critic of Greek society and culture during the Modern Greek Enlightenment. His philosophies on Greek society and culture focused on educational reform as framed by his engagement in the conflict between the Ancients and the Moderns. Moisiodax argued for the Moderns in this debate. He believed that Greek society, in relation to Europe, overemphasized the importance of maintaining ancient philosophical theories over the incorporation of modern philosophical theories created during the Enlightenment.

It comes from the adaptation of two of the earliest Christian architectural forms, the Basilica and the octagonal/circular form. The cruciform church often includes side-aisles similar to the Western Basilica, but they are often very short and cut open in the middle leaving a large cross shape through the middle of the church. The open square/circle is the newer of the two forms. It is most commonly found in Eastern European churches & more modern Greek churches.

Even as early as 1915, the library was collecting books not only in English but in many other languages spoken in Seattle (though all of the languages collected at that time were European: there were as yet no Asian language collections). In 1915, the library had collections in Croatian, "Dano-Norwegian" (Bokmål), Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Modern Greek, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Yiddish. Ten other languages were also lightly represented.Seattle Public Library Annual Report 1915, p. 37.

Hydra (, pronounced in modern Greek) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece, located in the Aegean Sea between the Myrtoan Sea and the Argolic Gulf. It is separated from the Peloponnese by a narrow strip of water. In ancient times, the island was known as Hydrea (῾Υδρέα, derived from the Greek word for "water"), a reference to the natural springs on the island. The municipality of Hydra consists of the islands Hydra (pop. 1,948, area ), Dokos (pop.

He has been a contributor to Quillette since 2017. Tayler holds both a Bachelor of Arts degree from Syracuse University, and a Master of Arts degree from the University of Virginia. Tayler is an accomplished polyglot; in addition to his native English, he is fluent in Russian, Arabic, French, and modern Greek, and has a functioning knowledge of Spanish and Turkish.Houghton Mifflin author bio: Jeffrey Tayler He served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco from 1988 to 1990.

Cultural and religious allegiance accounted for the fact that tuition was carried on in modern Greek, a symbol of Byzantine civilization. The first principal of the school was Sebastos Kyminitis, who had been educated in Constantinople. Saint Sava Academy thrived during the reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu's, who sketched out the curriculum and ensured the funds needed to run the school. A law given in 1707 demanded that "teachers should be understanding and principled; they should also have excellent reputation".

The rest of the wings' construction, that was supervised at first by Greek architect Lysandros Kaftantzoglou and later by his colleague Anastasios Theofilas, was completed in 1864. The building is nowadays part of what is called the "Athenian Neoclassical Trilogy". Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos, founder of the modern greek historiography, was elected Rector of the University in 1872. The Othonian University was renamed to National University (Εθνικόν Πανεπιστήμιον) in 1862, following events that forced King Otto to leave the country.

His notable works include the "History of Greece from the beginning of Middle Ages to the year 1821". It was considered the most important addition made to the knowledge about Byzantine and modern Greek history in the period 1863-1877, when considerable additions had been made. In his 1870 work, Hopf dealt with the migrations of the Romani people. According to him, after they came from the East, they were first concentrated in the Romanian lands.

Iakovos Trivolis (died 1547) was a Greek Renaissance humanist and writer. He published a historical work titled History of Tallapieras after the exploits of the namesake Venetian ship captain, and the Story of the King of Scotia and the Queen of England, inspired by part of the Decameron. Both were written in modern Greek, and are sometimes credited as among the first to be published in that language since most Greek scholars wrote in the Koine.

When she was last seen, Dresden threatened to use everything at his disposal, referring to the offer of Knighthood from the Winter Court, his contact with the fallen angel Lasciel, and the Darkhallow, and the standing offer from Lara Raith for him to join her organization, to kill her if she attempted to harm or blackmail Murphy or any of Harry's friends again. "Mavra" is also the modern Greek word for 'black,' in its feminine form.

Piazzi originally suggested the name Cerere Ferdinandea for his discovery, after the goddess Ceres (Roman goddess of agriculture, Cerere in Italian, who was believed to have originated in Sicily and whose oldest temple was there) and King Ferdinand of Sicily. "Ferdinandea", however, was not acceptable to other nations and was dropped. Ceres was called Hera for a short time in Germany. In Modern Greek, it is called Dímitra (Δήμητρα), after Demeter, the Greek equivalent of the Roman Cerēs.

The claim is that most of the Slavic population of Macedonia in the 19th and first half of the 20th century was ethnic Macedonian. For more see: Victor Roudometof, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, , p. 58; Victor Roudometof, Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question in Journal of Modern Greek Studies 14.2 (1996) 253-301. he was an ethnic Macedonian.

Modern or Demotic Greek was the version commonly spoken. Olga decided to have the Bible translated into a version that could be understood by most contemporary Greeks rather than only those educated in Koine Greek. Opponents of the translation, however, considered it "tantamount to a renunciation of Greece's 'sacred heritage'". In February 1901, the translation of the New Testament from Koine into Modern Greek that she had sponsored was published without the authorization of the Greek Holy Synod.

Karagiozis seems to have come to mainland Greece, probably from Asia Minor (Anatolia) at the 19th century, during Ottoman rule. Karagiozis was hellenized in Patras, Greece in the end of 19th century by Dimitrios Sardounis alias Mimaros, who is considered the founder of modern Greek shadow theater. The genre became a fully integrated, though adapted, amongst the Greek population. But there are several legends as well as studies surrounding Karagiozis's arrival and subsequent popularity in Greece.

After the Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji (1774) Russia assumed the role of protector of the Orthodox people subjects of the Ottoman Empire. After Peter the Great, Catherine II envisaged a "Greek Project" which involved a revival of a Greek state with Constantinople as capital, to be ruled by her grandson Constantine. The Russian expansionist policy greatly facilitated the modern Greek awakening, catalyzing key components such as military resistance, political activism, commercial growth, educational and cultural progress.

The end pier of Varna's harbour, Varna, Bulgaria. Saint Nicholai's icon (Holy image) labels the light house at the tip of the outskirt pier of the Port of Varna. Saint Nicholai (see also Saint Nicholas) is patron saint of sailors, fishermen, ships and sailing. In centuries of Greek folklore, Nicholas was seen as "The Lord of the Sea", often described by modern Greek scholars as a kind of Christianised version of Poseidon (after the advent of Christianity).

Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω (Ancient Greek) / μεθώ (Modern Greek), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. The ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication. Amethyst is a semiprecious stone that is often used in jewelry and is the traditional birthstone for February.

In early Modern Greek society, women were named with -aina as a feminine suffix on the husband's given name, for example "Giorgaina" signifying "wife of George". Nowadays, a woman's surname does not change upon marriage but she can use the husband's surname socially. Children usually receive the paternal surname, though some children receive the maternal surname in addition or exclusively. In official documents, the father's name in the genitive will be inserted between a person's first and last names.

In the 1920s, Stephanides began his work as a translator of Greek poetry into English. In 1925 and 1926, he published two volumes of Greek poems belonging to Kostis Palamas and other modern Greek poets. These translations were coauthored with George Katsimbalis (also known as Georgios Konstantinou Katsimpales), the man portrayed (along with Stephanides himself and Lawrence Durrell) in Henry Miller's novel The Colossus of Maroussi. They met during World War I and would become lifelong friends and collaborators.

The demand for earth and water symbolized that those surrendering to Persians gave up all their rights over their land and every product of the land. Giving earth and water, they recognized the Persian authority over everything; even their lives belonged to the king of Persians. Then negotiations would take place to specify the obligations and the benefits of the liegemen. The phrase earth and water, even in modern Greek, symbolizes unconditional subordination to a conqueror.

After the foundation of the modern Greek state following the Greek War of Independence, the care for antiquities was a primary concern in the country. Several sculptures found in situ in Delphi were transported to the first museum founded by governor Capodistria in Aegina. However, there was a demand for creating a museum in Delphi itself. Plans for the excavation of the entire area existed since the 1860s, but the poverty of the Greek state made this impossible.

Greek Braille is the braille alphabet of the Greek language. It is based on international braille conventions, generally corresponding to Latin transliteration. In Greek, it is known as Κώδικας Μπράιγ Kôdikas Mpraig "Braille Code". There are actually two Greek braille alphabets, which differ in the assignment of a few letters: Modern Greek Braille used in Greece, and International Greek Braille for Greek letters or words used in mathematics or otherwise embedded in English and other languages.

Rae Dalven (25 April 1904, Preveza, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – 30 July 1992, New York City) was a Romaniote author living in the United States of America since 1909. She is best known for her translations of Cavafy's works and for her books and plays about the Jews of Ioannina. She was a professor of Modern Greek literature at New York University (NYU), where a prize is offered in her name by the A.S. Onassis Program in Hellenic Studies.

Rand mastered many languages including Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Mohawk, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin and modern Greek. In Maliseet he publisheded some Bible Selections in 1863 and the Gospel of John in 1870. In Mi'kmaq he produced the whole New Testament and the Old Testament books of Genesis, Exodus and Psalms. He compiled a Mi'kmaq dictionary and collected numerous legends, and through his published work, was the first to introduce the stories of Glooscap to the wider world.

Saranda The Greek dialects of Albania mainly belong to the branch of southern Greek dialects. In addition to Albanian loanwords, they retain some archaic forms and words that are no longer used in Standard Modern Greek, as well as in the Greek dialects of southern Epirus. Despite the relatively small distances between the various town and villages, there exists some dialectal variation, most noticeably in accent.Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania.

The Hellenic Navy (HN; , Polemikó Naftikó meaning "War Navy", abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Hellenic Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Hellenic Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ). The Hellenic Navy is a Green- water navy.

The Evangelical School () was a Greek educational institution established in 1733 in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, now Izmir, Turkey. The school, initially an Orthodox Church-approved institution, attracted major figures of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. During the late 19th-early 20th century it became the most important Greek school in the city, possessing an archaeological museum, a natural science collection and a library, which contained some 50,000 volumes and 180 manuscripts. The Evangelical School ceased its operation in 1922.

R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History Such measures impelled Pericles' critics to hold him responsible for the gradual degeneration of the Athenian democracy. Constantine Paparrigopoulos, a major modern Greek historian, argues that Pericles sought for the expansion and stabilization of all democratic institutions.K. Paparrigopoulos, History of the Greek Nation, Ab, 145 Hence, he enacted legislation granting the lower classes access to the political system and the public offices, from which they had previously been barred.

Several jobs in the Middle East in the 1920s gave him the opportunity to study the Turkish and modern Greek languages. In 1927 he was sent to China with the Royal Artillery (Shanghai Defence Force), to protect British life and property in the Shanghai International Settlement. This enabled him to acquire Mandarin and to travel extensively in the Far East with his wife. From 1928 to 1932 he held the post of military attaché in Berlin.Generals.

She did similar work for other excavations run by Pendlebury in Lesithi, publishing as M. Money-Coutts. The work at Karphi was fully completed in 1960 when she published Pottery from Karphi under the name Mercy Seiradaki. She was whole-hearted not only about her work but also about life on Crete. She learned modern Greek, got to know the island, its people and culture and was known for her ability to get on with local workers on site.

Greek Salad at a taverna in Greece Most versions are based primarily on sautéed aubergine (eggplant) and tomato, usually with minced meat, mostly lamb. However, the Greek version includes layers of meat and eggplant topped with a Béchamel ("white") sauce, and baked. The modern Greek version was created by the French-trained Greek chef Nikolaos Tselementes in the 1920s.Aglaia Kremezi, "Nikolas Tselementes", Cooks and Other People, Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, p.

Nouns likely decline for 7 cases: nominative, genitive, accusative, dative, vocative, instrumental and locative; 3 genders: masculine, feminine, neuter; and 3 numbers: singular, dual, plural. The last two cases had merged with other cases by Classical Greek. In Modern Greek, only nominative, accusative, genitive and vocative remain as separate cases with their own morphological markings.Andrew Garrett, "Convergence in the formation of Indo-European subgroups: Phylogeny and chronology", in Phylogenetic methods and the prehistory of languages, ed.

Early in the history of Greek, the diphthong versions of ει and ου were pronounced as , the long vowel versions as . By the Classical period, the diphthong and long vowel had merged in pronunciation and were both pronounced as long monophthongs . By the time of Koine Greek, ει and ου had shifted to . (The shift of a Greek vowel to is called iotacism.) In Modern Greek, distinctive vowel length has been lost, and all vowels are pronounced short: .

20th century Eastern Orthodox theology has been dominated by neo-Palamism, the revival of St. Palamas and hesychasm. John Behr characterizes Orthodox theology as having been "reborn in the twentieth century." Norman Russell describes Orthodox theology as having been dominated by an "arid scholasticism" for several centuries after the fall of Constantinople. Russell describes the postwar re-engagement of modern Greek theologians with the Greek Fathers, which occurred with the help of diaspora theologians and Western patristic scholars.

Urania is an ancient Greek word meaning ‘Heavenly’, ‘Sky’ or ‘Universe’ and is an ancient and modern Greek name. The name Urania is of Emesene origin.Ptolemaic Genealogy: Cleopatra Selene, Footnote 10 Two other Emesene Priest Kings shared the name Uranius, the male variant of Urania who were Uranius Antoninus who reigned from 210 until 235 and Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius Antoninus who reigned from 235 until 254. She wasn’t the only Queen to have the name Urania.

Horrocks (1997), ch.10; According to Manolis Triantafyllides, the modern Greek language of the beginning of the 19th century, as used in the demotic poetry of the time, has very few grammatical differences from the vernacular language of the 15th century. During the early Modern Era, a middle-ground variety of moderately archaic written standard Greek emerged in the usage of educated Greeks (such as the Phanariots) and the Greek church; its syntax was essentially Modern Greek.Horrocks, ch.15.

George Dennis left school at the age of 15. He never went to college, and yet he interested himself in languages, studying ancient Greek and Latin on his own and eventually becoming a polyglot in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, modern Greek, Turkish and some Arabic. A strongly physical man as well, he often went for 40-mile hikes in the uplands of Scotland and Wales. He resolved to become an explorer; however, he worked mainly alone.

In November 2017, Marinakis led an aid effort, through Olympiacos FC, to bring relief to the victims of massive flooding that hit the town of Mandra in the Attica region of Greece. The effort, included a large quantity of food, bottled water, and other daily necessities sent to those struggling in the aftermath of the flooding. In July 2018, Marinakis donated €1 million through Olympiacos FC, to help the victims of the deadliest wildfires to hit Greece in decades, which swept through an area near Athens. "In these difficult times, all us Greeks need to stand united at the side of our fellow citizens who suffer", the team said in a statement. In April 2019 fundraising was completed for the creation of the “Miltiadis Marinakis Professorship for Modern Greek Language and Culture” at the Ohio State University where the local Greek community raised $1 million with Evangelos Marinakis as lead sponsor. This move will safeguard the operation of the OSU ‘Modern Greek Studies’ department that was destined to close.

A similar process occurs when a word is coined in a language based on roots from another language, and then the compound is borrowed into this other language or a modern descendant. In the West this primarily occurs with classical compounds, formed on Latin or Ancient Greek roots, which may then be borrowed into a Romance language or Modern Greek. Latin is sufficiently widespread that Latinate terms coined in a non-Romance language (such as English or German) and then borrowed by a Romance language (such as French or Spanish) are not conspicuous, but modern coinages on Ancient Greek roots borrowed into Modern Greek are, and include terms such as τηλεγράφημα telegrafíma ('telegram'). This process is particularly conspicuous in Chinese and Japanese, where in the late 19th and early 20th century many terms were coined in Japanese on Chinese roots (historically terms had often passed via Korea), known as , then borrowed into modern Chinese (and often Korean) with corresponding pronunciation; from the mid 20th century such borrowings are much rarer.

Signature of Kalligas His published work is voluminous: aside from legal treatises, he was an ardent writer of numerous essays and studies on history—among others on the English Civil War, Byzantine court ceremonial, the Nika riots and the Council of Florence—and philosophy—from the ancient Greek philosophers to his contemporaries Theophilos Kairis and —translated Leopold von Ranke's Die Venezianer in Morea: 1685-1715 on the Venetian rule in the Peloponnese, helped found the Pandora literary journal, and wrote a novel, Thanos Vlekas (Θάνος Βλέκας). The latter is of particular importance for modern Greek literature, as it is the first naturalist work in Greek, trying to depict the dismal realities of the emergent independent Greek state, contrary to the prevailing romantic treatment of his contemporaries. His legal work, aside from his five-volume System of the Roman Law, was particularly notable for his first draft of a civil code for the modern Greek state in 1849 (along with Georgios Rallis), although it would take until 1945 for it to be implemented.

The ban had become a major source of conflict between students and faculty that Mell hoped to avoid. As a result of this action, the modern Greek system that today comprises nearly one-fifth of UGA students owes its existence to Mell. Another issue Mell tackled was the Trustees' requirement for most students that they live in dormitory housing provided by the university. Believing this to be a bad policy, Mell informed the Board that he could not enforce it.

His first paintings, mostly temperas on paper depicting old houses, were presented at an Art of Modern Greek Tradition exhibition, organised in January 1938. Soon after the exhibition, he published translations of poems by Tristan Tzara, which were published in February. A few months later, his first collection of poems (Do Not Distract the Driver) was published, followed by a second one (The Clavicembalos of Silence) the next year. Overall he is considered one of the finest surrealist poets of Greece.

The conquests of Alexander the Great, and the ensuing Hellenistic period, had caused Greek to spread to peoples throughout Anatolia and the Eastern Mediterranean, altering the spoken language's pronunciation and structure. Medieval Greek is the link between this vernacular, known as Koine Greek, and Modern Greek. Though Byzantine Greek literature was still strongly influenced by Attic Greek, it was also influenced by vernacular Koine Greek, which is the language of the New Testament and the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church.

From the late 11th century onwards, the interior of Anatolia was invaded by Seljuq Turks, who advanced westwards. With the Ottoman conquests of Constantinople in 1453, the Peloponnese in 1459 or 1460, the Empire of Trebizond in 1461, Athens in 1465, and two centuries later the Duchy of Candia in 1669, the Greek language lost its status as a national language until the emergence of modern Greece in the year 1821. Language varieties after 1453 are referred to as Modern Greek.

The Greeks captured Dojran on 5 July but were unable to cut off the Bulgarian retreat through Struma Pass. On 11 July the Greeks came in contact with the Serbs and then pushed on up the Struma River until they reached Kresna Gorge on 24 July. The casualties and losses of the battle were of the heaviest in the modern Greek military history. However, the conclusion was a triumph for the Greeks and boosted the popularity of the new King.

In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the rough breathing ( or daseîa; dasía; ) character, is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho. It remained in the polytonic orthography even after the Hellenistic period, when the sound disappeared from the Greek language. In the monotonic orthography of Modern Greek phonology, in use since 1982, it is not used at all. The absence of an sound is marked by the smooth breathing.

Ari or Aris is a common shortened version of the Greek names Aristotle, Ariadne, Ariana, Arietta, Aristides, Aristarchus, Aristomenes, Aristobulos, Aristoxenos, Aristos, Aristophanes, Aristea, Aristotelis, and others, the majority of which are compounds of the adjectival superlative áristos, "best" or "superior". They are also modern Greek transliterations for Ares, the god of war and the name for the planet Mars. The archaic Greek prefix ari- (e.g. in Ariadne, Arimnestus etc.) or eri-, a cognate of áristos, means "very" or "verily".

Kostas Tournas () (born 23 September 1949,) is one of the pioneers of modern Greek rock. He is a singer and composer of many hits in the '70s including Ti Na Mas Kanei I Nychta (What Can The Night Do For Us). He shaped Greek rock music in the late '60s along with groups such as Socrates Drank the Conium, Peloma Bokiou, Nostradamos and Hexadactylos. He is also one of the founder members of the pioneering Greek rock group Poll along with Robert Williams.

Sound values and conventional transcriptions for some of the letters differ between Ancient and Modern Greek usage, because the pronunciation of Greek has changed significantly between the fifth century BC and today. Modern and Ancient Greek also use different diacritics. Apart from its use in writing the Greek language, in both its ancient and its modern forms, the Greek alphabet today also serves as a source of technical symbols and labels in many domains of mathematics, science and other fields.

2007 She is married to Sifis Valirakis, the former Greek Minister of Sport, among other offices. She is frequently listed as Mina Papatheodorou Valyraki in English, a spelling that combines elements of two approaches to transcribing Modern Greek names, alternatively she is sometimes listed by her maiden name of Mina Papatheodorou only, or as Mina Valirakis, using the nominative instead of the genitive form of her husband's surname. (See Greek surnames for more information on women's surname practices in Greece).

The Ottoman massacre of Chios expelled, killed or enslaved thousands of the inhabitants of the island.Hellenic Genocide Events retrieved 19 May 2008 It wiped out whole villages and affected the Mastichochoria area, the mastic growing villages in the south of the island. It triggered also negative public reaction in Western Europe, as portrayed by Eugène Delacroix, and in the writing of Lord Byron and Victor Hugo. Finally, Chios was not included in the modern Greek state and remained under Ottoman rule.

As a result, the total population decreased during this time, while the Muslim element in it increased. Nevertheless, through the privileges granted with the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, especially the right for the Christians to trade under the Russian flag, led to a considerable economic flowering of the local Greeks, which, coupled with the increased cultural contacts with Western Europe (Modern Greek Enlightenment) and the inspiring ideals of the French Revolution, laid the groundwork for the Greek War of Independence.

They were divorced in 1858, and afterward she resided mostly abroad, principally in England. While in Italy, in 1863, she wrote her tragedy of Helémah, or the Fall of Montezuma, which was published on her return to the United States the next year (New York, 1864). The success of this work encouraged her to write Sappho of Lesbos, a tragedy, her best dramatic work (London, 1868). This reached a seventh edition, and was translated into modern Greek and played at Athens.

The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in Modern English but existed in Old English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a Latinized variant of the Greek letter gamma, , which has this sound in Modern Greek. It should not be confused with the graphically- similar , the IPA symbol for a close-mid back unrounded vowel, which some writingsSuch as and .

An 11th-century Byzantine Gospel; its ornate presentation illustrates the decorative style employed by scholars of that age. Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the territory of the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders.Encyclopædia Britannica - "Greek literature: Byzantine literature" It forms the second period in the history of Greek literature after Ancient Greek literature. Although popular Byzantine literature and early Modern Greek literature both began in the 11th century, the two are indistinguishable.

The discussion on the Greek language question began at the end of the 18th century. Because western Europeans were familiar with, and valued, the ancient Greek language, Eugenios Voulgaris, along with Lambros Photiadis, Stephanos Commitas (1770–1832) and Neophytos Doukas, proposed that the modern Greek language should be archaisedMackridge P. Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976. New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. Pp. xiv, 385 and assimilated to Ancient Greek, while his students Iosipos Moisiodax (1725–1800) and Dimitrios Katartzis (c.

The Elements ‫ש(ו)ע/שבע/תע‬ in Biblical Proper Names: A Re-evaluation, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 44 (2018). "Jesus" is the English derivative of the Greek transliteration of "Yehoshua" via Latin. In the Septuagint, all instances of the word "Yehoshua" are rendered as "" (Iēsoūs), the closest Greek pronunciation of the , ).Numbers 13:16 LXX (and Moses named Hosea, son of Naue, Jesus) Thus, in modern Greek, Joshua is called "Jesus son of Naue" () to differentiate him from Jesus.

The name Kalderash (kalderash in Romani, căldărari in Romanian, kalderás in Hungarian, калдараш (kaldarash) in Bulgarian, kalderaš in Serbo- Croatian, 'котляри (Kotlyary) in Ukrainian, and кэлдэрары (kelderary) in Russian) descends ultimately from Latin caldāria (related to Romanian căldare "cauldron, bucket, pail", Modern Greek καρδάρι (kardári) and English cauldron), in effect describing their trade as tinkers; see also the related to the Romanian word căldăraș. Many Roma and non-Roma living throughout Europe have the surname "Caldaras", linking their ancestry to this Romani subgroup.

In the 18th century, part of the damaskins were out of church practice and often turned into readable collections. The damaskins are written in an accessible, spoken vernacular and have a fascinating way of exhibiting. They contain works of different genre and with different themes - of modern Greek authors, ancient Bulgarian ones, different lives, teachings, apocrypha, historical works, religious stories, stories, aphorisms and others. The damaskins marks the transition from Middle Bulgarian to New Bulgarian, which was standardized in the 19th century.

The new political and administrative reality also demanded that new terms were invented, and thus introduced into the modern Greek language along with the ideas of the French Revolution. All these events signified a complete break from the Venetian regime. The Provisional Municipality of Venice was left to lodge a formal but ineffective protest, on 4 August, to the French ambassador, Lallemant. In August, Gentili began a 40-day tour of the Islands, confirming the firm installation of the new regime.

Brick Hotel, also known as the Wilmington Trust Co., Georgetown Office, is a historic hotel located at Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built in 1836, and is a 2 1/2-story, seven bay, brick structure in a transitional Federal / Greek Revival style. It has a one-story, rear kitchen wing, and a one-story wing attached to it and dated to the 1930s. It has a slate-tiled roof, double end chimneys, and a modern Greek Revival style verandah.

Right and left of the main entrance are two inscriptions, one in Latin, the other in modern Greek, commemorating the Athenian visit of pope John Paul II in 2001. Finally, right and left of the sanctuary are two marble pulpits, donated by Franz Joseph I of Austria when he visited Athens in 1869. In 1962, the Catholic marriage of Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark and Infante Juan Carlos of Spain took place in the church, which preceded the Orthodox wedding rites.

The landing of Greek troops in Kavala during the Balkan Wars The participation of Greece in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 is one of the most important episodes in modern Greek history, as it allowed the Greek state to almost double its size and achieve most of its present territorial size. As a result of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, most of Epirus, southern Macedonia, Crete and the northern Aegean islands were incorporated into the Kingdom of Greece.

Her writings on political theory include the book The Ancient Greek Philosophers in Karl Marx's 'Capital' (1983), in which ancient Greek philosophical texts and their use by Karl Marx in his book Capital are examined, and the journal article 'Machiavelli versus Marx' (1992), which was based on an earlier conference paper.Kazamias, Alexandros (2014). ‘Antiquity as Cold-War Propaganda: The Political Uses of the Classical Past in Post-Civil War Greece’. In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.), Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture.

Doliche or Dolichiste (see List of Lycian place names, Greek: or ; Eth. or ) was an island noted by ancient geographers in the Mediterranean Sea off the Lycian coast, in Asia Minor, now called Kekova (or Kakava in Modern Greek), which is located in present-day Antalya Province, Turkey. Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v.) describes Doliche as an island close to the Lycian coast, on the authority of Callimachus; and he adds that Alexander, in his Periplus of Lycia, calls it Dolichiste.

Helmholtz is said to have considered Webster his favorite American student. During this period Webster also studied in Paris and Stockholm. He was unusually proficient in literature and was fluent in Latin, Greek, German, French, and Swedish, with a good knowledge of Italian and Spanish and competency in Russian and modern Greek. Clark University president G. Stanley Hall appointed Webster assistant professor and head of the Physical Laboratories in 1892, when physicist Albert A. Michelson left for the newly organized University of Chicago.

Serbian authorities persecuted Bulgarian priests and teachers, forcing them to flee and replacing them by Serbian. Persons declaring Bulgarian identity were imprisoned or went into exile. In 1924 upon the League of Nations' demand, a bilateral Bulgarian-Greek agreement was signed, known as the Politis–Kalfov Protocol, recognizing the "Greek Slavophones" as Bulgarians and guaranteeing their protection.Iakovos D. Michailidis, Minority Rights and Educational Problems in Greek Interwar Macedonia: The Case of the Primer “Abecedar”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies Vol.

Stuttgart : Dt. Bibelges., 2006 . However, in modern Greek the accentuation is Xαναάν, while the current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has Xανάαν. – ) was a Semitic-speaking civilization and region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC. The name Canaan appears throughout the Bible, where it corresponds to the Levant, in particular to the areas of the Southern Levant that provide the main setting of the narrative of the Bible: Phoenicia, Philistia, Israel, and other nations.

Under the supervision of Hubert Pernot, she was awarded a PhD in 1930 from the University of Paris-Sorbonne, with the thesis: L 'Ėvangile de Luc. Esquisse de grammaire et de style - an examination the Gospel of Luke. She also published a supplementary dissertation on Pascal as a translator of the Bible. In 1935 she was elected to a part-time professorship in Early Christian, Medieval and Modern Greek Language at the University of Leiden, replacing the Dutch Byzantine scholar N K Hesseling.

Also a dialect of Greek that preserves features now lost in standard modern Greek is spoken in areas inhabited by the Greek minority. Other languages spoken by ethnic minorities in Albania include Aromanian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Gorani, and Roma. Macedonian is official in the Pustec Municipality in East Albania. According to the 2011 population census, 2,765,610 or 98.767% of the population declared Albanian as their mother tongue (mother tongue is defined as the first or main language spoken at home during childhood).

Instead of extending an over bar over an entire number, the keraia (, lit. "hornlike projection") is marked to its upper right, a development of the short marks formerly used for single numbers and fractions. The modern keraia is a symbol () similar to the acute accent (´), the tonos (U+0384,΄) and the prime symbol (U+02B9, ʹ), but has its own Unicode character as U+0374. Alexander the Great's father Philip II of Macedon is thus known as in modern Greek.

Bust of M. Karagatsis in Rapsani M. Karagatsis (; 23 June 1908 – 14 September 1960) was the pen name of the important modern Greek novelist, journalist, critic and playwright Dimitris Rodopoulos (Δημήτριος Ροδόπουλος). The pen name M. Karagatsis is the name the novelist is known with. The letter "M." comes from Mitya, which is the Russian diminutive of Dimitris (his real name). The word "Karagatsis" comes from the tree karagatsi under the shadow of which he used to write as a young writer.

Here he studied theology, as well as ancient Greek, Latin, French, and Italian. Persecution from the Turks, who ruled most of the Greek world at the time, cut his schooling short, and he returned to Naxos in 1770.Gerasimos Micragiannanitis, "The Life of Saint Nikodemos", in Constantine Cavarnos,St. Nicodemos the Hagiorite(Belmont, Massachusetts: The Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 1974), 66-70 He studied at Smyrna but was forced to abandon his studies during a time of Ottoman persecution.

There is no general agreement about what actual feature distinguishes these sounds. Spanish phoneticians normally describe the difference as (for the northern Iberian sound) vs. (for the more common sound), but Ladefoged and Maddieson claim that English can be pronounced apical, which is evidently not the same as the apical sibilant of Iberian Spanish and Basque. Also, Adams asserts that many dialects of Modern Greek have a laminal sibilant with a sound quality similar to the "apico-alveolar" sibilant of northern Iberia.

Critobulus' birth name was Michael Critopoulos (). He changed this modern Greek family name to the more classical-sounding "Kritoboulos" in reference to a figure of that name in the dialogues of Plato. He belonged to a family of landowners on the island of Imbros. In the 1450s he was a local political leader of the island and played an active role in the peaceful handover of Imbros, Limnos and Thasos to the Ottomans after the final breakdown of the Byzantine Empire.

The word is used in early writings, sometimes in a bad sense; Plato's Republic uses philotimon (φιλότιμον) ironically: "covetous of honor"; other writers use philotimeomai (φιλοτιμέομαι) in the sense of "lavish upon". However, later uses develop the word in its more noble senses. By the beginning of the Christian era, the word was firmly a positive and its use in the Bible probably cemented its use in modern Greek culture. The word philotimon is used extensively in Hellenistic period literature.

Nikos Kazantzakis ( ; 18 February 188326 October 1957) was a Greek writer. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years. Kazantzakis' novels included Zorba the Greek (published 1946 as Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas), Christ Recrucified (1948), Captain Michalis (1950, translated Freedom or Death), and The Last Temptation of Christ (1955). He also wrote plays, travel books, memoirs and philosophical essays such as The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises.

The city of Piraeus and the church of Saint Spyridon; postcard of 1887. With the creation of the modern Greek state and the proclamation of Athens as its capital in 1832, the port, still named Πόρτο Λεόνε "Porto Leone" or Πόρτο Δράκο "Porto Draco",Γολδσμιθ, Ιστορία της Ελλάδος, Athens, 1838 (translation of 1809 edition?), p. 222 again acquired a reason for growth, and began to develop into a commercial and industrial centre. Migrants, mainly from the Aegean Islands, continued to arrive.

The term derives from the Latin term baiulus ("bearer"), which by the 4th century came to mean "nurse" or "preceptor". Thus in the 12th century the theologian Theodore Balsamon claimed that it came from baïon (βαΐον, palm leaf) because the preceptor was charged with supervising the growth of young minds. The term was rarely used, and only in Byzantine times; it is not attested in Modern Greek. The 13th- century scholar Manuel Moschopoulos offers the equivalent, well-established Greek terms παιδαγωγός and παιδοτρίβης.

The Greek adjective katholikos, the origin of the term "catholic", means "universal". Directly from the Greek, or via Late Latin catholicus, the term catholic entered many other languages, becoming the base for the creation of various theological terms such as catholicism and catholicity (Late Latin catholicismus, catholicitas). The term "catholicism" is the English form of Late Latin catholicismus, an abstract noun based on the adjective "catholic". The Modern Greek equivalent (') is back-formed and usually refers to the Catholic Church.

A page from a 16th-century edition of the 10th century Byzantine encyclopaedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Suda Byzantine literature refers to literature of the Byzantine Empire written in Atticizing, Medieval and early Modern Greek. Byzantine literature combined Greek and Christian civilization on the common foundation of the Roman political system. This type of literature was set in the intellectual and ethnographic atmosphere of the Near East. Byzantine literature possesses four primary cultural elements: Greek, Christian, Roman, and Oriental.

The Aerides Bath or Bath House of the Winds () is the only surviving Ottoman- era public Turkish bath surviving in Athens, Greece. Located at Kyrristou 8, near the Tower of the Winds (colloquially known as "Aerides", "the Winds"), it dates to the early period of Ottoman rule over the city (15th–17th centuries). It continued working as a bath until 1965. Following restoration, in 1998 it was handed over to the Museum of Modern Greek Culture, and is used for various exhibitions since.

Single and double (geminated) consonants were distinguished from each other in Ancient Greek: for instance, contrasted with (also written ). In Ancient Greek poetry, a vowel followed by a double consonant counts as a heavy syllable in meter. Doubled consonants usually only occur between vowels, not at the beginning or the end of a word, except in the case of , for which see above. Gemination was lost in Standard Modern Greek, so that all consonants that used to be geminated are pronounced as singletons.

The discoveries of the archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos, Crete, around 1900 tended to confirm Kretschmer's views. Following a professorship at the University of Marburg in Germany (1897–99), Kretschmer occupied the chair in comparative linguistics at the University of Vienna, where he remained until 1936. An adherent of the Neogrammarian school of linguistics, which stressed rigorous comparative methodology, he also contributed to Modern Greek dialectology and furthered the study of German linguistic geography. He died in Vienna in 1956.

Raphael suggested it was a widespread practice that a female of the same species be part of childbirth, and in human societies this was traditionally a role occupied by a family member or friend whose presence contributed to successful long-term breastfeeding. Raphael derived the term from modern Greek (, doúla (pron. /ˈðula/), "servant-woman"), as told to her by an elderly Greek woman, Eleni Rassias. Raphael also described it as coming from "Aristotle's time," an Ancient Greek word meaning "female slave".

Travels through Siberia to the Chinese Borders, published in St. Petersburg in 1882. Nikolai Spathari (; 1636–1708), also known as Nicolae Milescu and Nicolae Milescu Spătaru (, first name also Neculai, signing in Latin as Nicolaus Spadarius Moldavo-Laco, ), or Spătarul Milescu-Cârnu (trans.: "Chancellor Milescu the Snub-nosed"), was a Moldavian-born writer, diplomat and traveler, who lived and worked in the Tsardom of Russia. He spoke nine languages: Romanian, Russian, Latin, both Attic and Modern Greek, French, German, Turkish and Swedish.

Regional spoken dialects exist side by side with learned, archaic written forms. All surviving forms of modern Greek, except the Tsakonian language, are descendants of the common supra-regional (koiné) as it was spoken in late antiquity. As such, they can ultimately be classified as descendants of Attic Greek, the dialect spoken in and around Athens in the classical era. Tsakonian, an isolated dialect spoken today by a dwindling community in the Peloponnese, is a descendant of the ancient Doric dialect.

The Dynamics of Language by Ronnie Cann, Ruth Kempson and Lutz Marten followed on from the 2001 title and expanded the discussion and empirical coverage of the framework. Subsequent years saw an expansion of the empirical coverage of the framework to modelling structures in Japanese, Korean, dialects of Modern Greek, Medieval Spanish and a variety of Bantu languages including Swahili, Rangi and siSwati. More recent work has also explored the way in which the framework can naturally be expanded to model dialogue.

The Acritic songs ( "frontiersmen songs") are the epic poems that emerged in the Byzantine Empire probably around the ninth century. The songs celebrated the exploits of the Akritai, the frontier guards defending the eastern borders of the Byzantine Empire. The historical background was the almost continuous Arab–Byzantine wars between the seventh and twelfth centuries. Against this background several romances were produced, the most famous of which is that of Digenes Akritas, considered by some to signal the beginnings of modern Greek literature.

An old Latin version of the name Rus' was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus' that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия (Rossija), comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Rus', Ρωσσία Rossía—spelled Ρωσία (Rosía ) in Modern Greek. The standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is "Russians" in English and rossiyane () in Russian. There are two Russian words which are commonly translated into English as "Russians".

A map showing the location of the Lelantine Plain (labels in Greek) River Lilas (gr.Λήλας) in central Euboea, as seen from the bridge of the road that connects Chalkis and south and central east Euboea, looking south. The Lelantine Plain (Ancient Greek: Ληλάντου πεδίον or Λήλαντον πεδίον; Modern Greek: Ληλάντιο πεδίο) is a fertile plain on the Greek island of Euboea, between Chalcis and Eretria. In the late eighth century BC a dispute over its possession was the cause of the Lelantine War.

The language Constantine uses is rather straightforward High Medieval Greek, somewhat more elaborate than that of the Canonic Gospels, and easily comprehensible to an educated modern Greek. The only difficulty is the regular use of technical terms which – being in standard use at the time – may present prima facie hardships to a modern reader. For example, Constantine writes of the regular practice of sending basilikoí ( "royals") to distant lands for negotiations. In this case, it is merely meant that "royal men", i.e.

The Athonite or Athonias Academy () is a Greek Orthodox educational institution founded at 1749 in Mount Athos, then in the Ottoman Empire and now in Greece. The school offered high level education, where ancient philosophy and modern physical science were taught. With the establishment of the Athonite Academy the local monastic community took a leading role in the modern Greek Enlightenment during the 18th century. It aroused the hostility of more conservative circles and was shut down in 1821, but reopened in 1842.

However the coup backfired as Turkey reacted with Operation Atilla on 20 July; the Turkish invasion of Cyprus had begun. This military and political disaster for Greece and Cyprus led to thousands of dead and hundreds of thousands of Greek-Cypriot refugees, deeply traumatised the Greek body politic for the long term and was the final straw for Ioannides who had already instigated or participated in three coups in seven years — a record in modern Greek history — with catastrophic results for both countries.

Most modern Western languages have adopted the name Istanbul for the modern city during the 20th century, following the current usage in the Turkish Republic. However, many languages also preserve other, traditional names. Greeks continue to call the city Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολη Konstantinupoli in Modern Greek) or simply "The City" (η Πόλη i Poli). Languages that use forms based on Stamboul include Russian, Polish (though the alternative form of Istambuł is also universally accepted and employed in many translations), Latvian, Lithuanian, Georgian and Albanian.

He also served as president of the Modern Greek Studies Association from 1985 until 1988. From 1988 to 1991 Diamandouros was Director of the Greek Institute for International and Strategic Studies, a research organisation in Athens. In 1992 he became president of the Greek Political Science Association, a role he held for six years. From 1988 to 1996 he also returned to the Social Science Research Council, this time in the role of co-chair of the Subcommittee on Southern Europe.

He was born in Petroupoli (Athens) in July 1973. He studied Political Sciences and Public Administration at the Panteion University of Athens and currently he is a PhD candidate at the same University in the Department of Sociology (specialization: Modern Greek Society). He joined the E.DI.K. Youth wing in 1989 and he became president of the organisation on the 13/08/1993. He had a close collaboration with Yannis Zighdis and Professor Neoklis Sarris, who were the precedent leaders of the E.DI.K party.

Madonna Nicopeia (after the theft of the icon's jewels), St Mark's Basilica in Venice Sanctuary of the Madonna di San Luca in Bologna Madonna Salus Populi Romani, in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome Luca Cancellari (Luke Cangellaris; Greek: Λουκάς Καγκελλάρης) is a Byzantine icon painter posited in some modern Greek encyclopaedias to have lived during the 12th century in Constantinople, where he painted some of the best icons of Virgin Mary.Eleftheroudakis 1929, vol.7, p.21Helios 1977, vol.

Captain Michalis () is a 1953 novel by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. In the English, German, and French translations (as well as many others) it is known as Freedom or Death. The writer was influenced by his early years on the island of Crete and uses explicit Cretan Greek words and the Cretan idiom in a way that preserves it untouched. It is one of the most widely read books of modern Greek literature which has been translated and published in several languages.

He died on September 3, 1994, in Athens. The tomb of the Ghikas family Today in Greece he is celebrated as one of the most important modern Greek painters. His house has been converted to a museum and is being run by the Benaki Museum. In 2018, the British Museum hosted an exhibition which focuses on the friendship of Ghika, the artist John Craxton, and the writer Patrick Leigh Fermor; their shared love of Greece was fundamental to their work.

Sasse was concerned with grammatical relations and lexical categories, language universals, discourse, and grammar, historical linguistics and reconstruction. He also conducted research on language contact and language death, as well as the lexicon. Among the languages and language families on which he conducted research were languages of the Balkans (especially Modern Greek and Albanian), Afro-asiatic languages (especially Semitic languages and Cushitic languages - particularly the Burji language), and Native American languages (especially Iroquoian languages). His work was based on numerous fieldwork studies.

In this article it is stated that "gelivera" is a joint word formed with "gali" and "vera" meaning "beautiful" and "ring" in modern Greek, respectively. According to the second hypothesis its name originates from daily movements of villagers on it. Since the longer arm of the stream passes through "Gelivera" village the inhabitants had frequently to go and come back between two parts of the village over it. Every day they were going and coming back between the sides of the stream.

Blöndalsbókin (Blöndals' book) or Orðabók Blöndals (Blöndals' Dictionary), as it is usually called by Icelanders, is an essential source of the Icelandic language. Dr. Blöndal taught Modern Icelandic at the University of Copenhagen from 1931 to 1946. He translated many ancient Greek poems into Icelandic, as well as some of the work of the modern Greek poet Aristotelis Valaoritis. He did research on the Varangians of the Eastern Roman Empire for 25 years and completed shortly before his death an Icelandic text on the Varangians.

The Generation of the '30s and their introduction of Demotic Greek gave rise to the Modern Greek language that is spoken today. Without the influences from the Generation of the '30s, the modernism found in the Greek language and literature would not have been present today. Most importantly, the elements of modernism that are found in art today are often cited to be influenced from Greek art. For example, the art of the Archaic period in Greece features a lot of abstract and geometric artwork.

It constitutes one of the largest infrastructure projects in modern Greek history. The first manager of the project was the architect Charalambos Sfaellos (from 1950 to 1958) and from 1957 the buildings were designed by a team under Aris Konstantinidis. Famous foreign architects who have also designed buildings in Greece during the 20th and 21st century, include Walter Gropius, Eero Saarinen and Mario Botta. Several new buildings were also constructed by Santiago Calatrava for the 2004 Athens Olympics, while Bernard Tschumi designed the New Acropolis Museum.

This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek Revolution to the present day. Although various official and semi-official appellations were used during the early decades of independent statehood, the title of prime minister has been the formal designation of the office at least since 1843. On dates, Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.

His son survived thanks to the operation, which Dick attributed to the "intervention" of . Another event was an episode of supposed xenoglossia. Supposedly, Dick's wife transcribed the sounds she heard him speak, and discovered that he was speaking Koine Greek—the common Greek dialect during the Hellenistic years (3rd century BC–4th century AD) and direct "father" of today's modern Greek language—which he had never studied. As Dick was to later discover, Koine Greek was originally used to write the New Testament and the Septuagint.

Georgios Drossinis was born and raised in Athens, but he came from a family from MesolonghiLogotheti, F. (1960). Georgios Drossinis. Athens: Σ.Ω.Β. Publications which had fought in the celebrated year-long siege of the city by the Ottomans during the Greek War of Independence. He studied Philology in Athens and in Germany, but did not complete his studies. Drossinis was one of the co-founders (along with Kostis Palamas and Nikos Kampas) of the ‘1880s Generation’, which renewed modern Greek literature by reacting to already decayed romanticism.

While nineteen months in the society's service Greenfield wrote upon twelve European, five Asiatic, one African, and three American languages; and acquired considerable knowledge of Peruvian, Surinam Creole, Chippeway, and Berber. His last undertaking for the society was the revision of the Modern Greek Psalter as it went through the press. He also projected a grammar in thirty languages, but in the midst of his labours he was struck down by brain fever, dying at Islington on 5 November 1831.The Gentleman's Magazine 1831, pt. ii. p.

The story is a retelling of a Greek fable in which Death is tricked into climbing a pear tree which had been blessed by Saint Polycarp to trap anyone who was trying to steal an old woman's pears.The Routledge Modern Greek Reader, Η γριά κι ο Άγιος ΠολύκαρποςΕλπινίκη Σταμούλη-Σαραντή, Παραμύθια της Θράκης, Θρακικά. Σύγγραμα περιοδικόν εκδιδομένον υπό του εν Αθήναις Θρακικού Κέντρου, τόμος δέκατος έβδομος, 1942, σελ. 172–173. Set in small-town America, the film stars Lionel Barrymore, Beulah Bondi and Sir Cedric Hardwicke.

During the 1960s, the size of the Greek fleet nearly doubled, primarily through the investment undertaken by the shipping magnates, Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos. The basis of the modern Greek maritime industry was formed after World War II when Greek shipping businessmen were able to amass surplus ships sold to them by the U.S. government through the Ship Sales Act of the 1940s. Greece has a significant shipbuilding and ship maintenance industry. The six shipyards around the port of Piraeus are among the largest in Europe.

Regarding the classical music, it was through the Ionian islands (which were under western rule and influence) that all the major advances of the western European classical music were introduced to mainland Greeks. The region is notable for the birth of the first School of modern Greek classical music (Heptanesean or Ionian School, Greek: Επτανησιακή Σχολή), established in 1815. Prominent representatives of this genre include Nikolaos Mantzaros, Spyridon Xyndas, Spyridon Samaras and Pavlos Carrer. Manolis Kalomiris is considered the founder of the Greek National School of Music.

Lower Macedonia (, Kato Makedonia) or Macedonia proper or Emathia is a geographical term used in Antiquity referring to the coastal plain watered by the rivers Haliacmon, Axius on the west and bounded by Strymon on the east. Its districts were: Pieria, Bottiaea, Emathia, Crestonia, Mygdonia and Bisaltia. There were also included the subregions Anthemous and Crousis in it which were originally part of Chalcidice but were annexed earlier. The region corresponds roughly to the modern Greek region of Central Macedonia, except for the Chalcidice peninsula.

The other major representative of the Cretan literature and theatre was Georgios Chortatzis and his most notable work was Erofili, which was characterized by Kostis Palamas as the first work of modern Greek theatre. Other notable plays include The Sacrifice of Abraham by Kornaros, Panoria and Katsourbos by Chortatzis, Fortounatos by Markos Antonios Foskolos, King Rodolinos by Andreas Troilos, Stathis (comedy) and Voskopoula by unknown artists. During this period, there was production of different theatrical genres, such as tragedies, comedies, pastoral and religious plays.

He graduated from the Athens Drama School in 1951 and from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) in London, England in 1969. From 1954 until 1967, he performed with more than 20 companies in about 100 productions, and appeared in 100 movies and radio and television programmes. From 1970 he also directed movies while performing in around 50 theatrical plays and also many radio and television shows. Stefanos Linaios is the founder of the "Modern Greek Theatre" company at the Alfa Theatre in Athens.

The festival began with a tour of the foreign visitors in the archaeological site and the Museum of Delphi guided by Greek and foreign archaeologists, who were charged with the task of explaining the importance (both historical and aesthetic) of the monuments and ruins, which had relatively recently been revealed. Then (at 1 pm, according to the program) breakfast was offered, accompanied by traditional Greek music Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, 2004, p. 397. ("kleftika songs") by villagers and the tour continued. At 4 p.m.

In all these Notitiae Episcopatuum the name of the see appears as Mesene (Misini in modern Greek pronunciation). The names of only two of the diocesan bishops are recorded: Theodore, who attended the Second Council of Constantinople in 553AD, and Cyriacus, who attended the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. From the late 14th century the title has been given to Latin bishops, who initially were not considered to have archiepiscopal rank, but now are. The see was referred to at first as Missine.

The Romaniote Jews or Romaniotes (, Rhōmaniṓtes; , Romanyotim) are an ethnic Jewish community native to the Eastern Mediterranean. They are one of the oldest Jewish communities in existence and the oldest Jewish community in Europe. Their distinct language was Judaeo-Greek or Yevanic, a Greek dialect that contained Hebrew along with some Aramaic and Turkish words, but today's Romaniotes speak modern Greek or the languages of their new home countries. They derived their name from the commonly used name for the Byzantine Empire, Rhomania (Ῥωμανία).

The Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is undoubtedly the masterpiece of this early period of modern Greek literature, and represents one of its supreme achievements. It is a verse romance written around 1600 by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553–1613). The other major representative of the Cretan literature was Georgios Chortatzis and his most notable work was Erofili. Other plays include The Sacrifice of Abraham by Kornaros, Panoria and Katsourbos by Chortatzis, Fortounatos by Markos Antonios Foskolos, King Rodolinos by Andreas Troilos, Stathis (comedy) and Voskopoula by unknown artists.

Modern Greek literature is represented by many writers, poets and novelists. Major representatives are Angelos Sikelianos, Emmanuel Rhoides, Athanasios Christopoulos, Kostis Palamas, Penelope Delta, Yannis Ritsos, Alexandros Papadiamantis, Nikos Kazantzakis, Andreas Embeirikos, Kostas Karyotakis, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Constantine P. Cavafy, Demetrius Vikelas, Georgios Vizyinos, while George Seferis and Odysseas Elytis have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Parnassos Literary Society. From left: Georgios Stratigis, Georgios Drossinis, Ioannis Polemis, Palamas at the center, Georgios Souris and Aristomenis Provelengios, poets of the New Athenian School (or Palamian School).

Kalydon (Greek: Καλυδών) is an uninhabited island area near to and belonging to Elounda, Crete, Greece. It is made up of the island of Spinalonga, the Peninsula Spinalonga and the island of Kolokythas along with other smaller islets. The term Kalydon is often applied to each of the Spinalonga islands as their alternate historic name that was further re-established in modern Greek naming, whilst Spinalonga is still the preferred naming in the public. In 1834, a population of 81 Muslim families is attested in the area.

An areostationary orbit or areosynchronous equatorial orbit (abbreviated AEO) is a circular areosynchronous orbit in the Martian equatorial plane about above the surface, any point on which revolves about Mars in the same direction and with the same period as the Martian surface. Areostationary orbit is a concept similar to Earth's geostationary orbit. The prefix areo- derives from Ares, the ancient Greek god of war and counterpart to the Roman god Mars, with whom the planet was identified. The modern Greek word for Mars is ().

1725–1807) preferred the use of the contemporary vernacular language as it had evolved (Dimotiki). This discussion would become crucial when it was to be decided which form should be the official language of the modern Greek state. The humanist scholar Adamantios Korais (1748–1833) also influenced this discussion. While supporting the language of the people, Korais sought to 'cleanse' it from elements that he considered 'vulgar' and evolved the 'purifying' or Katharevousa forms, which were supposedly set at some midpoint between ancient and contemporary Greek.

Boehm and Slare supplied John Le Neve with materials for his memoir of the Protestant traveller Heinrich Wilhelm Ludolf; through Slare Ludolf had met Edmund Calamy. Slare supported his project to have the New Testament translated into modern Greek, with Henry Hoare, and Sir John Philipps, 4th Baronet. Hoare, Slare and Francis Lee were leaders in the charity school movement in England, and also in close touch with August Hermann Francke and the Pietists. Slare died on 12 September 1727, in his eightieth year.

Charanis is known for his anecdotal narrations about Greek Orthodox populations, particularly those outside the newly independent modern Greek state, who continued to refer to themselves as Romioi (i.e. Romans, Byzantines) well into the 20th century. Since Charanis was born on the island of Lemnos, he recounts that when the island was taken from the Ottomans by Greece in 1912, Greek soldiers were sent to each village and stationed themselves in the public squares. Some of the island children ran to see what Greek soldiers looked like.

The old factory of Kronos at the seafront of Eleusis. alt= In 1829, after the Greek War of Independence, Eleusis was a small settlement of about 250 inhabitants. By the late 19th century Eleusis changed drastically as new buildings were erected by the new merchant settlers. Also during that period Eleusis became one of the main industrial centers of the Modern Greek State with concrete factory TITAN, Charilaou Soap Factory as well as the distilleries of Botrys and Kronos being established in the area.

Greek embassy, Vienna Rigas in Wien Austrian-Greek relations are foreign relations between Austria and Greece. Both countries have diplomatic relations since the early 19th century, after the Greek War of Independence, and today's relations are considered excellent. Since the 17th century, Greek merchants, mostly of the regions of Macedonia and Epirus (some of them of Aromanian origin), were settled in Austria-Hungary and Vienna and made fortunes there. A large part of scholars and intellectuals of the Modern Greek Enlightenment had their base in Wien.

Twenty-lepta coin State note for fifty phoenixes The phoenix (, foinix) was the first currency of the modern Greek state. It was introduced in 1828 by Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias and was subdivided into 100 lepta. The name was that of the mythical phoenix bird and was meant to symbolize the rebirth of Greece during the still ongoing Greek War of Independence. The phoenix replaced the Ottoman kuruş (called grosi γρόσι, plural γρόσια grosia by the Greeks) at a rate of 6 phoenixes = 1 kuruş.

In the penal code of the Byzantine Empire one punishment entailed criminals paraded around town sitting backwards on a donkey with their face smeared with cinder (, ) to enhance their ridicule. Because cinder was wiped on the person's face first by collecting it in the palm and then by extending open the fingers, the gesture itself became insulting, to be known as mountza, after the name of the material applied. The modern Greek word mountzoura or moutzoura for a smudge, scribble or dark stain has the same origin.

His observations in the form of a thesis were highly regarded, when published in Paris upon his return. His written accounts of such excursions were the first detailed descriptions by a westerner of the Turkish megalopolis and its diverse inhabitants, their way of life, customs and habits. These were received in Europe with great astonishment and curiosity, for 'The Gate of Asia' had previously remained practically unexplored by westerners since the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. "Pasha" by Louis Dupré (1825) While jailed, Pouqueville studied modern Greek.

He was arrested in 1747 in the city of Veria. The professor of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Damianos Georgiou Draskas and Ioannis Karamatas (1864-1913), an important factor of the Hellenic community of Zeumon and founder of the first Greek typography of Serbia (his grandson was the prominent 20th century mathematician Giovan Karamata). From Pyrgoi also was the great diplomat and lawyer Peter Itskos who contributed to the creation of the Serbian state. Constantine Christomanos, important figure to modern Greek theater.

To the Etruscans, Charon was considered a fearsome being – he wielded a hammer and was hook- nosed, bearded, and had animalistic ears with teeth. In other early Greek depictions, Charon was considered merely an ugly bearded man with a conical hat and tunic. Later on, in more modern Greek folklore, he was considered more angelic, like the Archangel Michael. Nevertheless, Charon was considered a terrifying being since his duty was to bring these souls to the underworld and no one would persuade him to do otherwise.

Euclid Stefanou Tsakalotos (,Hellenic Parliament: MPs' contact details Note: Modern Greek middle names are typically a patronymic in the genitive case; thus, Stefanou from his father's name, Stefanos. ; born 1960) is a Greek economist and politician who was Minister of Finance of Greece from 2015 to 2019. He is also a member of the Central Committee of Syriza and has represented Athens B in the Hellenic Parliament since May 2012. Tsakalotos was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, but moved to the United Kingdom at a young age.

The Patras Municipal and Regional Theatre was founded in June 1988, having as its main stage the city's landmark, the Apollon Theatre. Throughout its existence it has mounted critically acclaimed performances ranging from ancient dramaturgy and modern Greek, to international repertoire. The theatre cooperates with other theatrical groups, such as the Viomichaniki (Industrial) group and the Michani Technis (Art Machine). The Roman Odeon hosts ancient dramas in the summer, while the Pantheon theater, the Art Factory, the Lithographeion and the Agora theatres provide additional venues.

There are schools designed for it but enrollment is not compulsory to be eligible. There is no governing of who teaches subjects, and students may have to find private tutors for most of the subject syllabi. Senior External Examination programs are typically done over the course of a year. In fact, many of the subjects available are not taught at registered schools (such as Modern Greek and Geography) but students may opt for these subjects and learn them by self-directed study or private tutoring.

Muse, perhaps Clio, reading a scroll (Attic red-figure lekythos, Boeotia, c. 430 BC) In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, Moũsai, Modern Greek: Μούσες) are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture. The word "muse" can refer in general to anyone or anything which inspires an artist, musician, or writer."muse".

He was born in 1801 or 1802 in Messolonghi to a well-known revolutionist family, originating from Valtos Province. His father Ioannis was a servant of Ali Pasha. For this reason the infant Thanasoulas was thrown into a river by Kostas Lepeniotis, but was saved by some women and raised at the court of Ali Pasha, who gave him one of most renowned figures of the modern Greek Enlightenment, Athanasios Psalidas, as his tutor. Upon adulthood, Valtinos entered Ali Pasha's court until the latter's death.

Popular lithograph celebrating the coup's success. Greece steps triumphantly over the dead monster of the old-party system, cheered by the army and the people. The Goudi coup () was a military coup d'état that took place in Greece on the night of , starting at the barracks in Goudi, a neighbourhood on the eastern outskirts of Athens. The coup was a pivotal event in modern Greek history, as it led to the arrival of Eleftherios Venizelos in Greece and his eventual appointment as Prime Minister.

She taught Greek at Oxford and Birkbeck, University of London, taught opera in the Modern Greek Department at Princeton University, has lived extensively in Greece, and studied at the Sorbonne in Paris, where she sang in the Choir of Église Saint- Eustache, Paris. Her publishing career began in 1985, while she was teaching Greek at Birkbeck College, with a poetry pamphlet. She then left academe to support herself by reviewing and publish her first collection (1990).Ruth Padel profile: From teaching Greek to poetry's peak.

In the New Testament the word is used in to refer either to the birth of Christ or to his appearance after his resurrection, and five times to refer to his Second Coming. Alternative names for the feast in Greek include τα Θεοφάνια, ta Theopháneia "Theophany" (a neuter plural rather than feminine singular), η Ημέρα των Φώτων, i Iméra ton Fóton (modern Greek pronunciation), hē Hēméra tōn Phṓtōn (restored classical pronunciation), "The Day of the Lights", and τα Φώτα, ta Fóta, "The Lights".Cf.

The Communist Party of Greece (, Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas, KKE) is a political party in Greece. Founded in 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (adopting its current name in November 1924), it is the oldest political party in modern Greek politics. The party was banned in 1936, but played a significant role in the Greek resistance and the Greek Civil War, and its membership peaked in the mid-1940s. Legalization of the KKE was restored following the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.

Count Ioannis Antonios Kapodistrias (10 or 11 February 1776 – 9 October 1831), sometimes anglicized as John Capodistrias (; ; ), was a Greek statesman who served as the Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire and was one of the most distinguished politicians and diplomats of Europe. After a long and distinguished career in European politics and diplomacy he was elected as the first head of state of independent Greece (1827–31). He is considered the founder of the modern Greek state, and the architect of Greek independence.

Nouritza Matossian is a British Cypriot (of Armenian descent) writer, actress, broadcaster and human rights activist.Modern Greek studies yearbook University of Minnesota. Modern Greek Studies Program - Foreign Language Study - 1987 - Page 421 She writes on the arts, contemporary music, history and Armenia.Portraits of hope: Armenians in the contemporary world Huberta von Voss - 2007 - Page 275 Matossian published the first biography and critical study of the Greek composer Iannis Xenakis, the source book on his life, architecture and music based on ten years' collaboration with him.

Landsman was educated at Chigwell School and Oriel College, Oxford, then gained a PhD in linguistics from Clare College, Cambridge in 1989 with a thesis entitled Theories of diglossia, linguistic variation and speaker attitudes, with special reference to recent developments in Modern Greek. He joined the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in 1990, and worked in the Southern European Department. In 1997 he became Deputy Head of Mission in Belgrade. After a tour of the Balkans and Hungary, Landsman was appointed as Ambassador to the Republic of Albania.

A joined variant of Ξ. Both in classical Ancient Greek and in Modern Greek, the letter Ξ represents the sound . In some archaic local variants of the Greek alphabet, this letter was missing. Instead, especially in the dialects of most of the Greek mainland and Euboea, the sound was represented by Χ (which in classical Greek is chi, used for ). Because this variant of the Greek alphabet was used in Italy, the Latin alphabet borrowed Χ rather than Ξ as the Latin letter X.

Demeter is the Greek equivalent of the Roman goddess Ceres. When main-belt asteroid and dwarf planet 1 Ceres was named, the Greeks called it "Demeter" effectively translating the name into Greek, rather than using the Latin Ceres or the original Italian Cerere. However, this created a problem when asteroid Demeter was named. The Greeks resolved this by using the classical form of the name, Δημήτηρ Dēmêtēr, for the new asteroid, distinguishing it from the Modern Greek form Δήμητρα Dêmētra that had been used for 1 Ceres.

After his death, Veakis was recognized for his contributions to modern Greek theatre. The Veakeio Theatre in Kastella, Piraeus, built by the junta-installed mayor Aristeidis Skylitsis in 1969 and named after him, was renamed in Veakis' honour in 1976. A bust of Veakis was also erected in front of the Municipal Theatre of Piraeus, while from 1994 on the Theatrical Museum of Greece presents the biennial "Aimilios Veakis Award" for outstanding male leading actor performances, and the "Veakis Award" for lifetime achievement in theatre.

Standard Modern Greek, which has apical , lacked both processes. The Germanic-speaking regions that did not have either phenomena have normally preserved the apical , that is, Icelandic, Dutch and many Scandinavian lects. It also reached modern times in Low German, but this language has largely been replaced by Standard German. The main Romance language to preserve the sound, Castilian Spanish, is exceptional in that it had both events that produced and , and preserved the apical S at the expense of both, that were shifted farther away.

Many alphabets of African languages use the caron to mark the rising tone, as in the African reference alphabet. The caron is also used for Cypriot Greek letters that have a different sound from Standard Modern Greek: σ̌ κ̌ π̌ τ̌ ζ̌ in words like τζ̌αι (and), κάτ̌τ̌ος (cat). A-caron (ǎ) is also used to transliterate the Cyrillic letter Ъ (er golyam) in Bulgarian-it represents the mid back unrounded vowel. Paiboon romanizations of Thai uses the caron to indicate the fifth tone of Thai.

Some of the names use the family to which the language belongs to disambiguate it from ancient Macedonian, or from the homonymous dialect of modern Greek; sometimes the autonym "Makedonski" is used in English for the modern Slavic language, with "Macedonian" being reserved for the ancient language.Joseph, B. (1999) Romanian and the Balkans: Some Comparative Perspectives In S. Embleton, J. Joseph, & H.-J. Niederehe (eds.) The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences. Studies on the Transition from Historical-Comparative to Structural Linguistics in Honour of E.F.K. Koerner.

Neophytos Doukas Neophytos Doukas or Dukas (; 1760, Ano Soudena, Ottoman Empire – 1845, northwestern Greece) was a Greek priest and scholar, author of many books and translations from ancient Greek works, and one of the most important personalities of the modern Greek Enlightenment (Diafotismos) during the Ottoman occupation of Greece. His contributions to Greek education have been neglected because of the traditional ideas he advocated concerning the Greek language question (being an "archaist", supported the use of classical Greek over Katharevousa [puristic Greek] and Dimotiki).

Greek literature dates back from the ancient Greek literature, beginning in 800 BC, to the modern Greek literature of today. Ancient Greek literature was written in an Ancient Greek dialect, literature ranges from the oldest surviving written works until works from approximately the fifth century AD. This time period is divided into the Preclassical, Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods. Preclassical Greek literature primarily revolved around myths and include the works of Homer; the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Classical period saw the dawn of drama and history.

Velouchiotis is one of the most controversial figures of modern Greek history. His personality and action was mythologised during his life and after his death. Supporters consider him a symbol of Greek resistance against the occupying powers, the founder and creator of the biggest guerrilla army in the Greek history (ELAS) and a hero of the communist cause. Critics see him as a perpetrator of atrocities and murders against rural people who were perceived as opponents of communism; a basic instigator of the Red Terror.

El Juicio de Paris by Enrique Simonet, 1904. Paris is holding the golden apple on his right hand while surveying the goddesses in a calculative manner. Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited for her troublesome nature, and upon turning up uninvited, she threw a golden apple into the ceremony, with an inscription that read: "ΤΗΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΙ" (, Modern Greek: τη καλλίστη ti kallisti; "for/to the most beautiful" – cf. Callisto).

The anonymous 14th century Chronicle of the Morea relates events of the Franks' establishment of feudalism in mainland Greece following the Fourth Crusade. Despite its unreliability about historical events, the Chronicle is famous for its lively portrayal of life in the feudal community. The language in Greek versions is notable as it reflects the rapid transition from Medieval to Modern Greek. The original language of the Chronicle is disputed, but recent scholarship prefers the Greek version in MS Havniensis 57 (14th-15th century, in Copenhagen).

Omega (capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the 24th and final letter in the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/Isopsephy (Gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means "great O" (ō mega, mega meaning "great"), as opposed to Ο ο omicron, which means "little O" (o mikron, micron meaning "little").The Greek Alphabet In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω is a long open-mid o , comparable to the vowel of British English raw.

Among speakers of Modern Greek, from the Byzantine Empire to modern Greece, Cyprus, and the Greek diaspora, Greek texts from every period have always been pronounced by using the contemporaneous local Greek pronunciation. That makes it easy to recognize the many words that have remained the same or similar in written form from one period to another. Among Classical scholars, it is often called the Reuchlinian pronunciation, after Johann Reuchlin. Nevertheless, Greek textbooks for secondary education give a summary description of the reconstructed pronunciation of Ancient Greek.

Penelope Delta, age 33, holding her baby daughter Penelope Delta (; 1874, Alexandria, Khedivate of Egypt – 2 May 1941, Athens) was a Greek author. She is widely celebrated for her contributions to the field of children's literature. Her historical novels have been widely read and have influenced popular modern Greek perceptions of national identity and history. Through her long-time association with Ion Dragoumis, Delta was thrust into the middle of turbulent early-20th-century Greek politics, ranging from the Macedonian Struggle to the National Schism.

Born in London, he was the elder son of Colonel Thomas Wade, CB, of the Black Watch and Anne Smythe (daughter of William Smythe) of Barbavilla, County Westmeath, Ireland. He was educated at the Cape, in Mauritius, at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1838, his father purchased for him a commission in the 81st Foot. Exchanging (1839) into the 42nd Highlanders, he served with his regiment in the Ionian Islands, devoting his leisure to the congenial study of Italian and modern Greek.

The larger rivers are the Haliacmon, the Axios, the Loudias and the Gallikos (Echedoros), which all flow into the Macedonian Gulf. Koroneia, Volvi, Doiran and Kerkini lakes are situated in Central Macedonia. The coasts are continuous, smooth, sandy and suitable for swimming (except the estuaries and the shores of the urban complex of Thessaloniki). The modern Greek region of C. Macedonia roughly corresponds to the ancient Greek region of Lower Macedonia, which included the center and two capitals, Aigai (Vergina) and Pella, of ancient Macedonia.

John Cuthbert Lawson, an early 20th- century folklorist whose approach was influenced by the Cambridge Ritualists, argued that both the food metaphor and the coin as payment for the ferryman were later rationalizations of the original ritual. Although single coins from inhumations appear most often inside or in the vicinity of the skull, they are also found in the hand or a pouch, a more logical place to carry a payment.John Cuthbert Lawson, Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion (Cambridge University Press, 1910), pp. 108–114.

The Eurotas (Greek: Εὐρώτας) or Evrotas (Modern Greek: Ευρώτας) is the main river of Laconia and one of the major rivers of the Peloponnese, in Greece. The river's springs are located just northwest of the border between Laconia and Arcadia, at Skortsinos. The river is also fed by underwater springs at Pellana and by tributaries coursing down from Mt. Taygetos and Mt. Parnon, which flank the Eurotas valley to the west and east, respectively. The river is long,Greece in Figures January - March 2018, p.

The last dissection in the Anatomy Theatre was performed in 1997. The Anatomy Theatre and Museum was renovated and refurbished in 2009, and is now a facility for teaching, research and performance at King's. The Foyle Special Collections Library also houses a number of special collections, range in date from the 15th century to present, and in subject from human anatomy to Modern Greek poetry. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Historical Collection is the largest collection contains material from the former FCO Library.

He made records like Phoney Folklore that included the song of the Russian peasant "whose tractor had betrayed him" and his "Grand Prix of Gibraltar" was a vehicle for his creative wit and ability at car-engine sound effects and voices. He spoke English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Russian fluently, as well as some Turkish and modern Greek. He was proficient in accents and dialects in all his languages. Ustinov provided his own German and French dubbing for some of his roles, both for Lorenzo's Oil.

Thessaly (, ; ancient Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (, ), and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey. Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 Regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into 5 Regional Units and 25 Municipalities.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after the Convention of Constantinople except the area around the town of Elassona, which remained in Ottoman hands until 1912. It was briefly captured by Ottomans during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. After the Treaty of Constantinople (1897), Greece was forced to cede minor border areas and to pay heavy reparations. The remaining part of Thessaly held by the Ottomans was finally regained by the Greeks during the First Balkan War in 1912.

As of the beginning of the 1960s, loanwords amounted to some 25% of the vocabulary of the standard dictionary of Bulgarian. The most important source of loanwords in recent centuries has been Russian. Two other important sources of borrowing were Latin and Medieval and Modern Greek, each accounting for around a quarter of all borrowings. French vocabulary contribution to the Bulgarian language totals around 15% and Ottoman Turkish (along with Arabic and Persian) totalled around 14%, whereas loanwords from Russian accounted for 10% of the borrowings.

He is a board member of the Hellenic Parliament Academic Council (2004–present) and director of the Centre for Asia Minor Studies (1980–present, as successor of ), past director of the Centre for Modern Greek Studies at the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens (2000-2011) and past president of the Cyprus Research Centre (2006-2009), the European Society for the History of Political Thought (2009-2011) and the Hellenic Political Science Association (1988-1992). He regularly writes in the Greek weekly newspaper To Vima.

The Centre for Hellenic Studies (CHS) was established at the Department in 1989 to promote research and scholarship of Hellenic history, culture and language. On Greek Independence Day in 2010, plans were announced for the CHS to include teaching alongside its research activities. Under these new arrangements the CHS also came to incorporate the Department of Byzantine & Modern Greek Studies. A public dispute arose in 2010 over plans to axe the last Chair of Paleography in the United Kingdom and wider English speaking world.

Cythera, the southernmost, is just off the southern tip of the Peloponnese and Corfu, the northernmost, is located at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea. In modern Greek, the period of Venetian rule over Greek territory is known as Venetokratia or Enetokratia ( or ) and literally means "rule of the Venetians".Brame, Saporta, Contreras & Newmeyer, p. 213. It is believed that the Venetian period on the Ionian Islands was agreeable, especially compared with the coinciding Tourkokratia — Turkish rule over the remainder of present-day Greece.

He was ordained a deacon at age 20 and in 1804 went to study in France where he met Adamantios Korais. On his return to Greece, he taught in Chios, at the Ionian Academy of Corfu, at the first Gymnasium of Syros and later in the newly founded University of Athens. His main contribution to Greek literature is his translation of the Bible into modern Greek, an endeavour that was opposed at that time by ultraconservative circles within the Greek Orthodox Church (cf. the Greek language question).

Rumeíka (Ρωμαίικα) or Mariupolitan Greek is a dialect spoken in about 17 villages around the northern coast of the Sea of Azov in southern Ukraine. Mariupolitan Greek is closely related to Pontic Greek and evolved from the dialect of Greek spoken in the Crimea, which was a part of the Pontic Empire of Trebizond until that state fell to the Ottomans in 1461.Dawkins, Richard M. "THE PONTIC DIALECT OF MODERN GREEK IN ASIA MINOR AND RUSSIA". Transactions of the Philological Society 36.1 (1937): 15–52.

An areostationary orbit or areosynchronous equatorial orbit (abbreviated AEO) is a circular areosynchronous orbit in the Martian equatorial plane about above the surface, any point on which revolves about Mars in the same direction and with the same period as the Martian surface. Areostationary orbit is a concept similar to Earth's geostationary orbit. The prefix areo- derives from Ares, the ancient Greek god of war and counterpart to the Roman god Mars, with whom the planet was identified. The modern Greek word for Mars is Άρης (Áris).

116–37, Rowman & Littlefield 1992 He attended Catholic Mass and Orthodox Divine Liturgy, especially during Holy Week, purportedly for aesthetic reasons.R.J. Schork, "James Joyce and the Eastern Orthodox Church" in Journal of Modern Greek Studies, vol. 17, 1999 His sisters noted his Holy Week attendance and that he did not seek to dissuade them. One friend reported that Joyce cried "secret tears" upon hearing Jesus' words on the cross and another suggested that he was a "believer at heart" because of his frequent attendance at church.

Lloshi p. 118 In 1822 the revised manuscript was sent to Malta to be printed, and in 1823 Leeves sent from Malta to the representative of the society in Corfu the first copy of a printed New Testament in Albanian. Meanwhile, the New Testament had had a final revision performed by the Archimandrite of Euboea, Grigor Gjirokastriti, an Albanian who subsequently became Archbishop Gregory IV of Athens. Archimandrite Grigor had recommended that the Bible be printed in a large typeface in two columns, one in Albanian and the other in modern Greek, because Albanians would rather read modern Greek than Koine.Lloshi p. 119 On March 16, 1824 Mr. Lowndes, the BFBS's secretary in Corfu, sent a letter to the society in which he mentioned that the sum paid to Meksi for his work was 6,000 piastras and that Archimandrite Grigor was paid 60 crowns. On September 5, 1824 the Saint Matthew's Gospel was published in Albanian. According to Lowndes' letters, the Albanian community of Missolonghi was extremely excited when mass was said with a piece from Saint Matthew, as since its translation they had been impatient to hear it in Albanian.

If the language also has cases, the citation form is often the masculine singular nominative. For many languages, the citation form of a verb is the infinitive: French ', German ', Spanish '. For English, that usually coincides with the uninflected, least marked form of the verb (that is, "run", not "runs" or "running"), but the present tense is used for some defective verbs (shall, can, and must have only the one form). For Latin, Ancient Greek, and Modern Greek, however, the first person singular present tense is traditionally used, but some modern dictionaries use the infinitive instead.

He composed and published a modern Greek grammar, 'Italian Lessons, in four parts' and dealt with the syntax of an English-Greek dictionary. After several love affairs, he married Maria Theresa Thomas, with whom he had one daughter; but his wife died on 17 May 1819 and his daughter shortly afterwards. By the end of 1819 Calvos had a love affair with a student, Susan Fortune Rideout, but her parents did not approve, and it was considered too soon after his wife's death for them to think of marrying.

Since ancient times Greeks refer to the range as Ὄρβηλος (Modern Greek: , Ancient Greek: ).The Cambridge Ancient History: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C., Nicholas Geoffrey, Lemprière Hammond, Cambridge University Press, 1995, , p. 594. D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Eastern Macedonia during the Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1976 (Society for Macedonian Studies), p. 13. . According to the ancient authors it was a mountain range in the border area between Thrace and Macedonia.(Hdt. 5,16; Str.

Pontic Greek (, ; Pontic Greek: Ποντιακόν λαλίαν, or Ρωμαίικα ) is a variety of Modern Greek originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, the Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia and today mainly in northern Greece. Its speakers are referred to as Pontic Greeks or Pontian Greeks. The linguistic lineage of Pontic Greek stems from Ionic Greek via Koine and Byzantine Greek, and contains influences from Georgian, Russian, Turkish and Armenian. Pontic Greek is an endangered Indo-European language spoken by about 778,000 people worldwide.

As Rigas stated to the Austrian authorities, the publication of the pamphlet aimed to the awakening of Greek’s national consciousness. The historical information that he quotes, aim to the national uplift of the enslaved and to the connection with the glorious ancient past, just like the rest of Riga’s publications. The short and comprehensive biography of Alexander makes him a legendary hero who survived through the centuries and became an example to follow. Through his legendary accomplishments becomes the timeless symbol of national liberation in Modern Greek consciousness.

The beginning of Medieval Greek is occasionally dated back to as early as the 4th century, either to 330 AD, when the political centre of the Roman Empire was moved to Constantinople, or to 395 AD, the division of the empire. However, this approach is rather arbitrary as it is more an assumption of political, as opposed to cultural and linguistic, developments. Indeed, by this time the spoken language, particularly pronunciation, had already shifted towards modern forms.Peter Mackridge, "A language in the image of the nation: Modern Greek and some parallel cases", 2009.

It is assumed that most of the developments leading to the phonology of Modern Greek had either already taken place in Medieval Greek and its Hellenistic period predecessor Koine Greek, or were continuing to develop during this period. Above all, these developments included the establishment of dynamic stress, which had already replaced the tonal system of Ancient Greek during the Hellenistic period. In addition, the vowel system was gradually reduced to five phonemes without any differentiation in vowel length, a process also well begun during the Hellenistic period. Furthermore, Ancient Greek diphthongs became monophthongs.

On the other hand, to share the fruits of this prosperity with the Turk, rather than keep everything for oneself in an independent state, was becoming less and less acceptable. For the archipelago's Catholics, the situation was fairly similar. At the beginning of the War of Independence, the Cyclades had around 16,000 Catholics (especially on Naxos, Syros, Tinos and Santorini).Victor Roudometof, “From Rum Millet to Greek Nation: Enlightenment, Secularization, and National Identity in Ottoman Balkan Society, 1453-1821”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1998.

A Lane in Cairo He was born on Corfu and had his first art lessons there from Charalambos Pachis, who introduced him to the other painters in the Heptanese School. "Periklis Tsirigotis," [Biographical Notes], Basic biographical data Modern Greek Visual Prosopography After leaving Corfu, he studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli with Domenico Morelli and . From there, he went to Rome to complete his studies. He briefly returned to Corfu, but soon left for Cairo to do restorative work at various Greek Orthodox churches there.

Kyrillos completed his undergraduate studies in law, philology, and theology at the University of Athens. He pursued graduate studies in theology in France and Germany, obtaining a master's degree from the University of Strasbourg (France) and earning a Ph.D from the University of Freiburg (Germany). Moreover, he earned a second Ph.D from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece under the direction of Professor Panteleimon (Rodopoulos), Metropolitan Bishop of Tirolois. Katerelos is a polyglot, fluent in German, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Turkish, and English, in addition to his mother tongue, Modern Greek.

In 1626 a wealthy Greek merchant who lived in Venice, Thomas Flanginis, offered to the community a large sum of money for the foundation of a new school. The project for the construction of the school was entrusted to the famous Venetian architect Baldassare Longhena. Finally, the Flanginian school, named after its sponsor, started to function in 1664 and its students came from various Greek-populated regions. The teaching staff included famous Greek scholars and representatives of the modern Greek Enlightenment, like Theophilos Korydaleus, Eugenios Voulgaris, Ioannis Chalkeus and Ioannis Patoussas.

Gabriel was born in the town of Smyrna (now İzmir) to parents coming from the island of Andros and in 1688 he became Metropolitan of Chalcedon. He was elected Patriarch of Constantinople on 29 August 1702 and reigned till his death. His reign had no particular troubles and was serene. In 1704 Gabriel formally condemned the edition of the New Testament into Modern Greek translated by Seraphim of Mytilene and edited in London in 1703 by the English Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

He thoroughly grasped the free-trade question, and expounded his views on the most difficult problems of political economy with great lucidity. He was a good musician and an excellent botanist, and was elected president of the Chess Club in 1839 ; he had a colloquial knowledge of seven languages, could recite many pages of the Koran, and spoke modern Greek like a native. Mr. Gladstone, in recognition of his merits, placed his name on the Civil Pension List. Mongredien died at Forest Hill, London, on 30 March 1888.

Later, during the period of Greek enlightenment (Diafotismos), writers such as Adamantios Korais and Rigas Feraios prepared with their works the Greek Revolution (1821–1830). Leading figures of modern Greek literature include Dionysios Solomos, Andreas Kalvos, Angelos Sikelianos, Emmanuel Rhoides, Demetrius Vikelas, Kostis Palamas, Penelope Delta, Yannis Ritsos, Alexandros Papadiamantis, Nikos Kazantzakis, Andreas Embeirikos, Kostas Karyotakis, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Constantine P. Cavafy, Nikos Kavvadias, Kostas Varnalis and Kiki Dimoula. Two Greek authors have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature: George Seferis in 1963 and Odysseas Elytis in 1979.

In the subsequent months, Greek forces regained control of central Greece in a lightning campaign. The modern Greek state (then the Kingdom of Greece) was established at the London Conference in 1832In September 1829, with the Russian army camped just 40 miles from his palace, the Ottoman Sultan was forced to capitulate. By the Treaty of Adrianople, he conceded a long list of Russian demands, one of which was acceptance of Greek autonomy as defined in the Treaty of London. However, the Sultan's acceptance came too late to save Ottoman sovereignty over Greece.

In southern Albania, the main activity of Albanian writers consisted in translating Greek Orthodox religious texts, and not in forming any kind of literature which could form a strong tradition for the use of Greek letters. As the albanologist Robert Elsie has written:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Birmingham, 15 (1991), p. 20-34. The turning point was the aftermath of the League of Prizren (1878) events when in 1879 Sami Frashëri and Naim Frashëri formed the Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings. Sami Frashëri, Koto Hoxhi, Pashko Vasa and Jani Vreto created an alphabet.

In 1881, an earthquake, estimated as 6.5 on the moment magnitude scale, damaged a large portion of the island's buildings and resulted in great loss of life. Reports of the time spoke of 5,500–10,000 fatalities. Remarkably, despite the terrible devastation, in the later 19th century Chios emerged as the motherland of the modern Greek shipping industry. Indicatively, while in 1764, Chios had 6 vessels with 90 sailors on record, in 1875 there were 104 ships with over 60,000 registered tonnes, and in 1889 were recorded 440 sailing ships of various types with 3,050 sailors.

In addition, some linguists use the term "Hellenic" to refer to modern Greek in a narrow sense together with certain other, divergent modern varieties deemed separate languages on the basis of a lack of mutual intelligibility. Separate language status is most often posited for Tsakonian, which is thought to be uniquely a descendant of Doric rather than Attic Greek, followed by Pontic and Cappadocian Greek of Anatolia.Ethnologue: Family tree for Greek. The Griko or Italiot varieties of southern Italy are also not readily intelligible to speakers of standard Greek.

The voiced palatal fricative is a very rare sound, occurring in only 7 of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database. In Kabyle, Margi, Modern Greek, and Scottish Gaelic, the sound occurs phonemically, along with its voiceless counterpart, and in several more, the sound occurs a result of phonological processes. There is also the voiced post-palatal fricativeInstead of "post- palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato- velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "post-palatal".

In Mongolian, Neptune is called Dalain Van (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called Poseidon (Ποσειδώνας, Poseidonas), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. See also the Greek article about the planet. In Hebrew, "Rahab" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term "Neptun" (נפטון) is commonly used.

The classical languages of the Ancient Mediterranean world influenced every European language, imparting to each a learned vocabulary of international application. Thus, Latin grew from a highly developed cultural product of the Golden and Silver eras of Latin literature to become the international lingua franca in matters diplomatic, scientific, philosophic and religious, until the 17th century. Long before this, Latin had evolved into the Romance languages and Ancient Greek into Modern Greek and its dialects. In the specialised science and technology vocabularies, the influence of Latin and Greek is notable.

Since sounds like with a following puff of air, was the logical spelling in the Latin alphabet. By the time of New Testament Greek (koiné), however, the aspirated stop had shifted to a fricative: . Thus theta came to have the sound that it still has in Modern Greek, and which it represents in the IPA. From a Latin perspective, the established digraph now represented the voiceless fricative , and was used thus for English by French-speaking scribes after the Norman Conquest, since they were unfamiliar with the Germanic graphemes ð (eth) and þ (thorn).

Like Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox Christianity shares the basic belief in fallen angels as spiritual beings who rebel against God. Unlike Catholicism, however, there is no established doctrine about the exact nature of fallen angels, but Eastern Orthodox Christianity unanimously agrees that the power of fallen angels is always inferior to God. Therefore, belief in fallen angels can always be assimilated with local lore, as long it does not break basic principles and is in line with the Bible.Charles Stewart Demons and the Devil: Moral Imagination in Modern Greek Culture Princeton University Press 2016 p.

It is currently the subject of two major disputes. The first is over the name (alternative ways of referring to this language can be found in the terminology by group section and in the article Macedonian language naming dispute). The second dispute is over the existence of a Macedonian language distinct from Bulgarian, the denial of which is a position supported by nationalist groups, Bulgarian and other linguists and also by many ordinary Bulgarians. Macedonian is also the name of a dialect of Modern Greek, a language of the Indo-European family.

The evidence for this is: the Greek order of the Armenian alphabet; the ow ligature for the vowel , as in Greek; the letter "" (tr. I) similar in shape and sound value to cyrillic Ии and (Modern) Greek Ηη; and the shapes of some letters which "seem derived from a variety of cursive Greek".Avedis Sanjian, "The Armenian Alphabet". In Daniels & Bright, The World's Writing Systems, 1996:356–357 It has been speculated by some scholars in African studies, following Dimitri Olderogge, that the Ge'ez script had an influence on certain letter shapes,Richard Pankhurst. 1998.

Due to the centuries of living under the Tatar and Turkish rule, many of the Greeks did not speak the Greek language anymore; thus the community was divided into the Greek-speaking Romeiis and the Turkic speaking Urums (see Urum language). In the 20th century, the Rumeíka was the Greek dialect used by most Greek-speaking villages in the North Azov Sea Coast region. There are about 17 villages that speak this language today. Modern scholars distinguish five subdialects of Rumeíka according to their similarity to standard Modern Greek.

Archimandrite Dorotheos (, , born Dmitry Dbar January 18, 1972, village Mgudzirkhua, Gudauta district) is the archimandrite of Holy Metropolis of Goumenissa, Aksiupol and Policastro under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and a chairman of the Holy Metropolis of Abkhazia (HMA). He is an author of two scientific monographs, several books, more than 150 publicistic articles and the chief editor of the religious and educational magazine “Alasharbaga” and the head of the cultural and educational center “Aduney”. Archimandrite Dorotheos also translated Liturgical texts from Ancient Greek, Modern Greek, the Church Slavonic language into Abkhazian and Russian.

Graduate students working with Hellenic Studies faculty receive significant financial support as well as teaching and publication opportunities. The SNF Centre for Hellenic Studies is also host to the SNF New Media Lab, a leading innovator of online and mobile solutions for the education and cultural sectors. A key speciality of the Lab is online and mobile language education for Modern Greek. Moreover, its proprietary Odysseas technology has also been used for French, Italian, Arabic, as well as for the teaching and preservation of 13 critically endangered First Nations languages in Western Canada.

The Cretan School and in particular the Heptanese School of art are two typical examples of artistic movements in Greece that followed parallel routes to Western Europe.Nano Chatzidakis, in From Byzantium to El Greco, p.49, Athens 1987, Byzantine Museum of Arts As such, there were different artistic trends in the emerging Greek society. Modern Greek art can be said to have been predominantly shaped by the particular socioeconomic conditions of Greece, the large Greek diaspora across Europe, and the new Greek social elite, as well as external artistic influences, predominantly from Germany and France.

Up to that point, use of Dhimotikí in state affairs was generally frowned upon. Use of the Demotic dialect in state speech and paperwork was forbidden. The fall of the Junta of 1974 and the end of the era of Metapolítefsi 1974-1976 brought the acceptance of the Demotic dialect as both the de facto and de jure forms of the language for use by the Greek government, though the Katharevousa movement has left marks in the language. Today, standard modern Greek, based on Demotic, is the official language of both Greece and Cyprus.

In Modern Greek, which uses the Greek alphabet, the Greek letter gamma (uppercase: ; lowercase: ) – which is ancestral to the Roman letters and – has "soft-type" and "hard-type" pronunciations, though Greek speakers do not use such a terminology. The "soft" pronunciation (that is, the voiced palatal fricative ) occurs before and (both which represent ), and before , , , , and (which all represent ). In other instances, the "hard" pronunciation (that is, the voiced velar fricative ) occurs. In the Russian alphabet (a variant of Cyrillic), represents both hard (твёрдый ) and soft (мягкий ) pronunciations, and , respectively.

In Antiquities of the Jews (11.3.9) Josephus used the term palingenesis for the national restoration of the Jews in their homeland after the Babylonian exile. The term is commonly used in Modern Greek to refer to the rebirth of the Greek nation after the Greek Revolution. British political theorist Roger Griffin has coined the term palingenetic ultranationalism as a core tenet of fascism, stressing the notion of fascism as an ideology of rebirth of a state or empire in the image of that which came before it – its ancestral political underpinnings.

83f At some point in his reign, John was faced with an attack by the ruler of Ardabil, Shaykh Junayd, who marched upon Trebziond: proposed dates range from the 1430s (E. Janssens) through the 1440s (von Hammer, Finlay, and Miller) to 1456 (Shukurov) or 1456-58 (Bryer).Discussed in Rustam Shukurov, "The campaign of Shaykh Djunayd Safawi against Trebizond (1456 AD/860 AH)", Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 17 (1993), pp. 127-140 John assembled his land and naval forces, then assisted by his pansebastos sailed forth to meet the Shaikh.

Prothesis The Aër (, lit. the "air"; modern Greek: Αέρας; Slavonic: Воздýхъ, Vozdúkh) is the largest and outermost of the veils covering the Chalice and Diskos (paten) in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. It is rectangular in shape and corresponds to the veil used to cover the chalice and paten in the Latin Rite, but is larger. It is often made of the same material and color as the vestments of the officiating priest, and often has a fringe going all the way around its edge.

"Stratis Myrivilis: A Brief Biography" by Pavlos Andronikos The novel which resulted was published in serialised form in Kambana in 1924. However it did not become well known in Greece until an expanded version was published in book form in 1931.An Introduction To Modern Greek Literature by Roderick Beaton (1999), pp. 138–140. His major novels are about his life in Asia Minor: Aeolian Land describes the lost Eden of his childhood summers; Number 31328 the horrific experience of the death marches, and Tranquility his struggle to adjust to living in Greece.

In 1920 when the Greeks took over most of Eastern Thrace including Edirne, they restored the city's Roman name (Adrianoupolis) and not its old Greek name (Orestias), which was given to its suburb Karaağaç, in remembrance of the ancient Thracian town. Orestiada (or Nea Orestias or New Orestias) is a modern Greek town founded in 1923 on a site 17 km to the south of Orestias, to house Greek refugees who had to abandon the latter border town, which was given to Turkey (along with two villages) by the Treaty of Lausanne.

Yanis Kordatos (; 1 February 1891 – 1961) was a Greek Marxist historian and sociologist. Kordatos wrote over twenty historical works dealing with Ancient, Byzantine, and Modern Greek history. Some of his most notable books include A History of Greek Literature from 1453-1961 (1962), The Last Days of the Byzantine Empire (1975), A History of Ancient Greek Philosophy (1946, 1975), The Commune of Thessalonica (Salonika), 1342-1349 (1975), and The Social Meaning of the Greek War of Independence of 1821 (1972). He is considered the father of Greek Marxist historiography.

His reminiscences took the form of Horæ Ionicæ: a Poem descriptive of the Ionian Islands and part of the adjacent coast of Greece (London, 1809, 8vo). There are some charming lines among its heroic couplets, the work throughout of an ardent disciple of Pope. A ‘Postscript’ contains a few remarks upon the Modern Greek spoken in the Ionian Islands. To the third edition (London, 1816, 12mo) were appended ‘Orestes, a Tragedy: from the Italian of Count Vittor Alfieri’ (this was in blank verse, for which Wright showed little aptitude), and two odes.

In Greece, the title "Secretary of State" () was used only intermittently during the early years of the modern Greek state. It was first employed for the head of the cabinet under the governorship of Ioannis Kapodistrias, a post held successively by Spyridon Trikoupis (1828–29) and Nikolaos Spiliadis (1829–31). It was then abandoned, until used instead of the title of "Minister" (Υπουργός) for the cabinet members in the 1835–37 Cabinet of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, with Armansperg being designated "Chief Secretary of State" (Αρχιγραμματεύς της Επικρατείας).

Central European paprika was hot until the 1920s, when a Szeged breeder found a plant that produced sweet fruit, which he grafted onto other plants. The first recorded use of the word paprika in English is from 1896, although an earlier reference to Turkish paprika was published in 1831. The word derives from the Hungarian word, paprika, which in turn came from the Latin piper or modern Greek piperi, ultimately from Sanskrit pippalī. Paprika and similar words, peperke, piperke, and paparka, are used in various Slavic languages for bell peppers.

He wrote drinking songs and love ditties which were very popular among the Greeks. He is also the author of a tragedy, of Politika Parallela (a comparison of various systems of government), of translations of Homer and Heraclitus, and of some philological works on the connection between ancient and modern Greek. His Hellenika Archaiologemata (Athens, 1853) contains an account of his life. Thomas K. Papathomas (1872-1936), a poet from Kastoria himself, published Christopoulos's "Complete Works" ("Χριστοποὐλου Ἀπαντα" in Greek) in 1931-1932 in Thessaloniki (Spyros Syros Press).

Here Anna, now aged 10, received her first formal education which included the German language she had not spoken before despite being fluent in French, Italian, modern Greek and Romanian. She became exposed to opera and church music, and begged her parents to let her receive a musical education. After some initial, and inadequate, teaching by the local schoolmaster, Sigismund von Neukomm heard her and began teaching the 16-year-old for two years."Neukomm, Sigismund Ritter von." by Rudolph Angermüller in Grove Music Online On Schikaneder's advice, she also studied with Salieri.

After teaching in a high school for a few months, he was elected assistant professor of General History at the University of Athens. In 1893, he succeeded the dean of modern Greek historians, Constantine Paparrigopoulos, at the chair of Greek History.Touloumakos (2006), Chapter 3 Initially, Karolidis pursued the idea of occupying a new seat for Oriental Studies, where he was more qualified, but his rivalry with Spyridon Lambros negated this prospect.Touloumakos (2006), Chapter 3.2 As he was still an Ottoman citizen, in 1908 Karolidis was elected to the Ottoman Parliament.

Saint Nicholas (Uroš Predić 1903) Among the Greeks and Italians he is a favorite of sailors, fishermen, ships and sailing. As a result and over time, he has become the patron saint of several cities which maintain harbours. In centuries of Greek folklore, Nicholas was seen as "The Lord of the Sea", often described by modern Greek scholars as a kind of Christianized version of Poseidon. In modern Greece, he is still easily among the most recognizable saints and 6 December finds many cities celebrating their patron saint.

Although it was not retained after the 11th CGPM conference in 1960, myriameter is sometimes still encountered as a translation of the Scandinavian mile (Swedish & Norwegian: mil) of , or in some classifications of wavelengths as the adjective myriametric. The myriagramme (10 kg) was a French approximation of the avoirdupois quartier of and the myriaton appears in Isaac Asimov's Foundation novel trilogy. In Modern Greek, the word "myriad" is rarely used to denote 10,000, but a million is ekatommyrio (, lit. 'hundred myriad') and a thousand million is disekatommyrio (, lit.

Born 2 December 1921 in Hora in the island of Naxos, Kambanellis appeared as one of the most prominent Greek playwrights of the 20th century and he is considered to be the father of modern Greek theater. As a survivor of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, he wrote the lyrics of the "Mauthausen Trilogy" with music by Mikis Theodorakis. He has also written a memoir known as Mauthausen describing his experiences from the concentration camp. He wrote the scripts of at least 12 films and he directed three of them.

Aegean Macedonia (, Egeyska Makedonia; , Egejska Makedonija) is a term describing the modern Greek region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. It is currently mainly used in the Republic of North Macedonia, including in the irredentist context of a United Macedonia. The term is also used in Bulgaria as the more common synonym for Greek Macedonia, without the connotations it has in the Republic of North Macedonia. The term has no circulation in Greece, since Aegean usually refers to the Greek islands or to strictly Greek coastal areas with direct access to the Aegean Sea.

What remains of the customs today, echoes these traditions of antiquity. A common, until recently, May Day custom involved the annual revival of a youth called Adonis, or alternatively of Dionysus, or of Maios (in Modern Greek Μαγιόπουλο, the Son of Maia). In a simple theatrical ritual, the significance of which has long been forgotten, a chorus of young girls sang a song over a youth lying on the ground, representing Adonis, Dionysus or Maios. At the end of the song, the youth rose up and a flower wreath was placed on his head.

His translation of the Modern Greek Poet Stylianos Harkianakis's poetry book Mother received the 2004/2005 Hellenic Association of Translators of Literature Prize. In 2007 Constantine was the recipient of the Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize for his translation of Benjamin Lebert's novel The Bird is a Raven. His translation of The Essential Writings of Machiavelli was a finalist for the 2008 PEN/Book-of-the- Month Club Translation Prize. Peter Constantine is a 2012 Ellen Maria Gorrissen Berlin Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin.

Diminutives are very common in Modern Greek with every noun having its own diminutive. They express either small size or affection: size -aki (σπίτι/spiti "house", σπιτάκι/spitaki "little house"; λάθος/lathos "mistake", λαθάκι/lathaki "negligible mistake") or affection -ula (μάνα/mana "mother", μανούλα/manula "mommy"). The most common suffixes are -άκης/-akis and -ούλης/-ulis for the male gender, -ίτσα/-itsa and -ούλα/-ula for the female gender, and -άκι/-aki for the neutral gender. Several of them are common as suffixes of surnames, originally meaning the offspring of a certain person, e.g.

Many different forms of the Greek alphabet were used for the regional dialects of the Greek language during the Archaic and early Classical periods. The Attic dialect, however, used two forms. The first was the Old Attic alphabet, and the second is the Ionic alphabet, introduced to Athens around the end of the 5th century BC during the archonship of Eucleides. The last is the standard alphabet in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts, and the one used for Classical Attic, standard Koine, and Medieval Greek, finally developing into the alphabet used for Modern Greek.

Most of Apuleius' The Golden Ass takes place in and about Hypata, which at the time of the novel was a thriving Roman city. After the introduction of Christianity, Hypata became a Metropolitan bishopric in the Roman province of Achaea. In Late Antiquity, Hypata became the refuge of citizens of Patras who fled the Slavic invasion of Greece; as a consequence, the town changed its name to Neopatras ("New Patras"), which it kept until the establishment of the modern Greek state in the 19th century. Kastrorakhi seen from Vitoli.

He studied at the Université de Clermont-Ferrand under Francis Vian and the École nationale des langues orientales vivantes, where he learned modern Greek and Turkish, and did an agrégation on classical literature. In 1983 he presented his doctoral thesis on the ancient Greek epic Dionysiaca by Nonnus. He was a professor at the Blaise Pascal University until 1998 and after that at the Paris Nanterre University. He created and led the Institut français d'études sur l'Asie centrale in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and founded the journal Les Cahiers de l'Asie centrale.

The Delta mansion was inherited by her three daughters, Sophia, Virginia, and Alexandra, who added a guesthouse they named "Sovirale", after the initial letters of their first names. Virginia married politician Alexander Zannas, and their daughter Lena was the mother of contemporary politician Antonis Samaras; their son, Pavlos (Paul) Zannas (1929–1989) was a prominent art critic as well as Modern Greek translator of Marcel Proust's "À la recherche du temps perdu". In 1989, Alexandra, then the last living Delta daughter, bequeathed the mansion to the Benaki Museum.

Sotiris Kakisis (; born 1954, Athens) is a contemporary Greek poet. He is a prolific translator, most notably of Ancient Greek lyric poetry (Sappho, Alcaeus, Hipponax, Mimnermus etc.). Kakisis has also translated into modern greek famous works by Lewis Carroll, Carlo Collodi, Lyman Frank Baum, James Thurber, Edward Gorey, Marcel Proust, and the "Complete Prose of" Woody Allen. He has had a long career in journalism, excelling as an interviewer, has written song lyrics, and has scripted several films, notably director Giorgos Panousopoulos' "Love Me Not?" and "Athens Blues".

Born in Freiburg in Silesia, Germany (now Świebodzice, Poland) on 15 November 1867, Emil Krebs was the son of a master carpenter named Gottlob Krebs and his wife Pauline Scholz. In 1870 he moved with his parents to Esdorf, where he attended primary school. From 1878 to 1880 he attended the Freiburger Realschule (secondary school), and from 1880 to 1887 he studied at the gymnasium in Schweidnitz. The curriculum included Latin, French, Hebrew and Classical Greek, but in addition he studied Modern Greek, English, Italian and later Spanish, Russian, Polish, Arabic and Turkish.

He was born in the village of Plaka in Lemnos in 1899. After studying French literature at the Sorbonne, he taught at the Anargyreio School in Spetses from 1931 to 1932, at the Modern Greek Institute in Paris from 1932 to 1934, and in the Athens Experimental School until 1938. In 1936, with the establishment of the dictatorial Metaxas Regime, he became chairman of the United Anti-Dictatorial Front and secretary of the Parties' Initiative against the regime. For this he was sent by the regime to internal exile to Sikinos.

Theoklitos Polyeidis () was a Greek scholar, teacher, translator, priest and monk during the period of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. His most notable work was the Oracles of Agathagelos (Οι χρησμοί του Αγαθάγγελου) which was written , and had a huge appeal in the court of Catherine II in Petersburg and greatly enhanced philhellenism in the European cities he personally visited. The Oracles of Agathagelos was also later republished by Rigas Feraios, promoting the revolutionary spirit of the enslaved Greeks, because they prophesied the future liberation of the Greeks.Dimitrios Michalopoulos, Αγαθάγγελος.

Djedefre (also known as Djedefra and Radjedef – Modern Greek: Ρετζεντέφ) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. He is well known by the Hellenized form of his name Rhatoisēs (Ῥατοίσης) by Manetho. Djedefre was the son and immediate throne successor of Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza; his mother is not known for certain. He is the king who introduced the royal title Sa-Rê (meaning “Son of Ra”) and the first to connect his cartouche name with the sun god Ra.

Later additions to the Skopje 2014 project were made that included depictions of ethnic Albanians in the monuments such as Nexhat Agolli, Josif Bageri, and Pjetër Bogdani, as well as others on the Art Bridge. Architects have criticized the aesthetics of the project and believe the money could have been spent on constructing modern buildings. It has also been described as nationalist kitschMaria Couroucli and Tchavdar Marinov eds., Balkan Heritages: Negotiating History and Culture, British School at Athens - Modern Greek and Byzantine Studies, Taylor & Francis, 2017, , p. 218.

The attack on the Turkish frigate in the Gulf of Eressos at the Greek island of Lesvos by a fire ship commanded by Dimitrios Papanikolis during the Greek War of Independence. Painting by Konstantinos Volanakis In the Greek War of Independence, 1821–1832, the extensive use of fire ships by the Greeks allowed them to counterbalance the Turkish naval superiority in terms of ship size and artillery power.Brewer, David (2003). The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression and the Birth of the Modern Greek Nation.

Despite their ethnic Greek origin, the contemporary Grecophone Muslims of Turkey regarding their identity have been steadily assimilated into the Turkish-speaking (and in the northeast Laz-speaking) Muslim population. Apart from their elders, sizable numbers, even the young within these Grecophone Muslim communities have retained a knowledge of Greek and or its dialects such as Cretan Greek and Pontic Greek,Mackridge, Peter (1987). "Greek-speaking Moslems of north-east Turkey: prolegomena to a study of the Ophitic sub-dialect of Pontic." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 11. (1): 117.

This work was published in 1938 as Essays concerning the sources of Erotókritos (Μελετήματα περί τας πηγάς του Ερωτοκρίτου) for which he was awarded his doctorate by the University of Athens. In 1950 he was elected to the chair of Medieval Greek Philology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. In addition to the main courses on his subject, he taught medieval Greek history and modern Greek philology until 1968 when his political views resulted in his dismissal by the right wing military junta. His writings cover a wide field.

Renate Da Rin (born 1962) is a journalist, editor and publisher from Cologne. Da Rin received her M.A., having studied German Studies, Ethnology, Medieval and Modern Greek and Philosophy, at the University of Cologne. After spending four years in Greece and India (doing fieldwork/travelling) and several years working both as an editor in the development policy sector and as a literature editor, she became a self-employed author and editor in 1990. Since 1997 she has been the owner and manager of the text agency Da Rin.

Edmund is the son of the American diplomat James Hugh Keeley, Jr., and brother of diplomat Robert V. Keeley. He spent his childhood in Canada, Greece, and Washington, D. C. before earning his B.A. from Princeton University in 1949. In 1952 he received a doctorate in Comparative Literature from Oxford University where he studied with a fellowship from the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. Edmund served twice as president of the Modern Greek Studies Association from 1970 to 1973 and 1980 to 1982, and as president of PEN American Center from 1992 to 1994.

During the time of post-classical Koiné Greek, the sound represented by eta was raised and merged with several other formerly distinct vowels, a phenomenon called iotacism or itacism, after the new pronunciation of the letter name as ita instead of eta. Itacism is continued into Modern Greek, where the letter name is pronounced and represents the sound /i/ (a close front unrounded vowel). It shares this function with several other letters (ι, υ) and digraphs (ει, οι), which are all pronounced alike. This phenomenon at large is called iotacism.

Irmena Chichikova was born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. She was raised in Plovdiv where she attended the French Language High School "Antoine de Saint Exupéry," graduating in 2003 before moving to Sofia, Bulgaria to complete her education at the Krastyo Sarafov National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts under the tutelage of Professors Margarita Mladenova and Ivan Dobchev. She also studied Modern Greek. Her diploma performances included Three Sisters by Anton Chekhov, directed by Margarita Mladenova, and Dakota / Words in Chains by Jordi Galceran and directed by Stilian Petrov.

For the cent, the terms used in Greece are , plural (leptó, plural leptá), a name used for small denominations of various ancient and modern Greek currencies, including the drachma (which the euro replaced). The word means 'minute' (literally "thin"), the same as the unit of measurement of time or of angle. The term , plural (evroleptó, plural evroleptá) is sometimes used when a speaker wants to be completely specific that they are referring to money and not time. Some colloquial names for currency are also in use for the euro, carried over from the drachma.

Koine Greek included styles ranging from more conservative literary forms to the spoken vernaculars of the time. As the dominant language of the Byzantine Empire, it developed further into Medieval Greek, which then turned into Modern Greek. Literary Koine was the medium of much of post-classical Greek literary and scholarly writing, such as the works of Plutarch and Polybius. Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, of the Septuagint (the 3rd-century BC Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible), and of most early Christian theological writing by the Church Fathers.

Sophia had difficulties adjusting to her new life. However, she took up learning Modern Greek (and managed to become almost perfectly fluent in a few years) and used her many trips abroad to furnish and decorate her new home. Less than nine months after her marriage, on 19 July 1890, the Crown Princess gave birth to her first child, a slightly premature son who was named George after his paternal grandfather. But the birth went wrong and the umbilical cord was wrapped around the baby's neck, almost choking him.

829–842) had an arsenal built near the harbour, in proximity of the Porta Leonis (the Ottoman Çatladı Kapı); it comprised a shipyard and armories. Between the 9th and the 11th century, the port remained operational: in that period, the writers of the Patria Constantinopolitanae began to refer to it also as Kontoskalion,. which remains the modern Greek denomination of the quarter lying to its west, known in Turkish as Kumkapı. After the end of the Latin Empire, the harbour appears in several sources under the name Kontoskelion, causing confusion among modern scholars.

Born in Valenza, Preve studied philosophy, political science and ancient and modern Greek in Turin, Paris and Athens. He worked as a high school teacher from 1967 to 2002 and was engaged first in the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He then got close to Proletarian Democracy, a party created in 1975 which opposed to the historic compromise between the PCI and the Christian Democracy. After the dissolving of the PCI following the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall, Preve undertook a critical review of his own positions held in the precedent decades.

The name is a modern Greek one, Θέκλα (Thekla), which comes from ancient Greek Θεόκλεια (Theokleia) derived from θεός (theos, "god") and κλέος (kleos, "glory" or "honour").Thekla. Behind the Name, retrieved 16-01-2013. Brehm later had five children, four of who died of diphtheria in 1883, including a daughter also named Thekla. The population is declining in Spain, but this is a common bird with a very wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

A common characteristic of local Greek dialects including Himariote is the use of the archaic disyllabic -ea form. Moreover, the phoneme /s/ is pronounced in a slightly different way, depending on the town: in Dhërmi as a soft /ś/; in Palasa as a half-hard /š’/ while in the town of Himarë as a hard /š/. The people who originate from Himarë sometimes also pronounce /k/ as /ts/.. Many younger speakers do not use "hard accentuations" anymore, due to the widespread influence by standard modern Greek in the context of migratory patterns to Greece.

The areas of settlement in Southern Italy became so thoroughly Hellenised that Roman writers such as Ovid and Polybius referred to the region as Magna Graecia ("Great Greece"). To this day, some of the Griko people in Southern Italy still speak Griko and Calabrian Greek, Doric Greek-influenced dialects with a substantial Latin adstrate, and worship in the Greek Byzantine Catholic Church instead of the Latin rite more usual among other Italians. In Modern Greek, Southern Italy is referred to as Kato Italia (lit. "Lower Italy") and the relict Greek dialects there as Katoitalika.

The G D A D tuning is closer to the D3 A3 D4 tuning of the Greek trichordo bouzouki than is the guitar-like tuning C3 F3 A3 D4 used on the modern Greek tetrachordo, and is particularly well suited to a modal harmonic approach to accompaniment as used in Irish traditional music. Alec Finn, playing a Greek trichordo bouzouki, uses the traditional D3 A3 D4 tuning with the octave pair on the low D course changed to unison.Richards, Tobe A.; The Irish Bouzouki Chord Bible; Cabot Books Publishing; London: 2016.

Born on 17 November 1923, Kurowski grew up in Dortmund and, after primary school, trained as a turner. From 1942, he served as a soldier in World War II in southeast Europe and North Africa, where he completed his training as a radio operator, a parachutist, and interpreter of Modern Greek. In 1942, he was awarded the Storyteller Prize for his work in the Wacht im Südosten (Southeast Watch). These were propaganda publications (100 or so pamphlets) issued by the Propagandakompanie, the propaganda wing of the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS.

John Behr characterizes Orthodox theology as having been "reborn in the twentieth century." Norman Russell describes Orthodox theology as having been dominated by an "arid scholasticism" for several centuries after the fall of Constantinople. Russell describes the postwar re-engagement of modern Greek theologians with the Greek Fathers with the help of diaspora theologians and Western patristic scholars. A significant component of this re-engagement with the Greek Fathers has been a rediscovery of Palamas by Greek theologians who had previously been given less attention than the other Fathers.

In the following year, he came to the United States, and, after spending some months in Boston, moved to St. Louis, where, in addition to work on the New York Round Table and the Western Educational Monthly, he was classical master in the St. Louis high school, and subsequently principal of one of the branch high schools. In 1875, he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. He traveled extensively, and became a proficient linguist, acquiring a knowledge of French, German, Italian, Spanish, Greek, Latin, and Arabic. In Greece, he devoted himself mainly to archaeology and modern Greek.

The word 'malic' is derived from Latin 'mālum', meaning 'apple'. It is also the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae, and Maleae. This derivation is also seen as well as in the traditional German name for malic acid, 'Äpfelsäure' meaning 'apple acid' as well as in modern Greek, 'mēlicon oxy' (Μηλικόν οξύ), after the original European discovery of apples in modern- day Kazakhstan 2350 years ago by Alexander the Great's expeditionary foray into Asia.

Stavroula Constantinou (born 1975) is a Cypriot academic who specialises in Byzantine literature. He was born in Dhekelia Cantonment, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in 1975. She studied Byzantine, Western Medieval and Modern Greek Literature at the University of Cyprus from 1992 to 1996, the Free University of Berlin from 1997 to 1999 and the University of Cambridge from 1999 to 2004. Constantinou was also at the Free University of Berlin from 2000 to 2003 and was awarded a doctorate of philosophy degree in Byzantine Literature from that institution.

Barry B. Powell, Homer, Wiley- Blackwell, 2004, p. 30: "Although most handbooks call Homer an Ionian poet, who lived and worked in Asia Minor, he may have worked on the long island of Euboea that hugs the east coast of mainland Greece. Certain technical features of his dialect may mark it as West Ionian, as opposed to the East Ionian of the Asia Minor coast." A New Companion to Homer (with Ian Morris), also translated into modern Greek and Chinese, is a comprehensive review of modern scholarship on Homer.

3 He has lived in Greece since 1979 and became a naturalized Greek citizen in 1998. He was Head of Translation at the British Council in Athens from 1991 to 1994, and lectured in literary translation at the Ionian University from 1991 to 1997 and at the University of Athens from 1999 to 2000.Hellenic Authors Society: Connolly David-John He has more recently taught at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Connolly's translated anthology The Dedalus Book of Greek Fantasy won the Hellenic Society's Modern Greek Translation Prize for 2004.

Sevasti Kallisperi was born in 1858 in Athens to Nicholas and Marigo Kallisperi. Her father, originally from Kalymnos, was an officer in the Greek War of Independence and after the establishment of the modern Greek state held several prominent positions, including Inspector of the Public Schools of Samos (1830), where he founded several primary schools; judge of Athens (1844); and the Prefect of Messenia (1855). The couple had three children and were staunch supporters of education. Kallisperi's brother George would also become a soldier and later served in the 1897 Greco-Turkish War.

The author of μTorrent wrote in 2005, "I usually say 'you torrent' because it looks like a u", and offered "microtorrent", "mytorrent" (as "my" is the Swedish pronunciation of the Greek letter μ) and later "mutorrent" as alternative pronunciations. In Greece, where the software is widely used, it is called 'me torrent', since the letter μ of the Greek Alphabet is pronounced [mi] in modern Greek. The symbol μ is the lowercase Greek letter mu, which stands for the SI prefix "micro-". It refers to the program's small footprint.