The moneyed classes drive the middle classes from their neighborhoods, and then the middle classes, or their children, drive the working classes from theirs.
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Tangling with the mobilised middle classes is a risky business.
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Or should that only benefit the upper and middle classes?
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The audience for art grew among the rising middle classes.
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Since 20163, the country's youth and middle classes have departed.
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Middle classes are not a priori engines of political liberalization.
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Sure, the erosion of the middle classes is a problem.
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It hinges on the middle classes feeling confident about the economy.
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Not for the middle classes, and certainly not for the poor.
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They include the sense of frustrated expectation among the region's middle classes.
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Mr Cameron was never really at home with the Tory middle classes.
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And voters have reason to worry about stagnation in the middle-classes.
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But with ejiao popular among China's middle classes, its government isn't listening.
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These two crises—economic and migration—hit the middle classes particularly hard.
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Now the middle classes fear they may be turning into targets too.
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Even the locals are quite sharply divided between working and middle classes.
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But none of this really helps the middle and lower-middle classes.
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Oil revenue, which had grown Sudan's middle classes, began to run dry.
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The middle classes were the ones who wanted something different and new.
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The urban middle classes, dismayed to see their living standards collapsing, revolted.
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The working and middle classes would receive more than they pay in.
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The president lost the urban middle classes when he tried to raise taxes.
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The prospects for McDonald's in India look appealing, thanks to expanding middle classes.
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This electoral cycle will show whether Latin America's middle classes have matured politically.
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The middle classes varied by country and era, but they shared certain characteristics.
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Liberalism has usually been at its most vigorous among the Anglo-American middle classes.
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" But among the middle classes, divorce has been rare: "They face the most stigma.
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We have only 20% of those middle classes and lower who benefit from subsidies.
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The rich grow richer and the middle classes increasingly detect and resent their opulence.
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Unsurprisingly, its explanation is entirely economic, a "socioeconomic encapsulation of the old middle classes".
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In other authoritarian countries that grew rich, the new middle classes demanded political change.
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By the 19th century, the middle classes — merchants, lawyers, doctors and artists — joined them.
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"The emerging markets are developing their middle classes and new eating habits," he said.
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All across the world, members of the new middle classes feel trapped and abandoned.
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A social of control over politics of middle classes ... Well, it was because wars.
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Secondly, he would have been sent to one of the classical schools in Florence for the aspiring upper-middle classes and rising middle classes, or a university, and he would have been stuffed full of the medieval scholastic learning of the time.
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Middle classes across Europe bear a much higher tax load than the American middle class.
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Navalny enjoys some popularity among the urban middle classes, especially in Moscow and St Petersburg.
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The intergenerational effects live on, even among black Americans who successfully enter the middle classes.
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Women in the middle-classes were under less pressure to conform to certain social codes.
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As the middle classes grow, for example, sales of dishwashers and dishwasher tablets are booming.
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By the mid-1910s even the middle classes considered "dating" a legitimate way to woo.
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But working classes and middle classes are always on the edge during these huge transitions.
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"The middle-classes like me are scared of losing what they have," Mr. Juni said.
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Social fractures surfaced, compounded by governments' incapacity to satisfy heightened expectations of new middle classes.
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It's the liberal middle classes that have just woken up to the state of affairs.
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In the 2016 elections Tehran's middle classes rewarded him by voting him top of their list.
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James Wallman, a trend forecaster, reckons the middle classes will follow suit in the next decade.
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It also remains true that the lower middle classes in rich countries have fared less well.
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Shah Rukh Khan, a favourite of the middle classes, is the hero of the Diwali weekend.
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There doesn't seem to be a middle ground for the lower and middle classes to acquire art.
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Mumbai's middle classes have been forced back onto trains, buses and rickshaws to get around, complaining vociferously.
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Buoyant demand among fast-growing middle classes, particularly in countries such as China, has boosted this segment.
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The middle classes, in gated communities in San Salvador's affluent neighourhoods, are also victims of the crime.
|
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The suggested cure – "opening the educational system to the middle and lower middle classes" – is suspiciously simplistic.
|
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But for years now the American middle classes have witnessed their own destruction by unleashed market forces.
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"Don't forget that the middle classes are far better behaved than the upper classes," Mr. York said.
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As the world's growing middle classes eat more meat, the earth's water resources will be dangerously squeezed.
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The educated middle classes — politicians, writers and artists, academics and professionals — were targeted by the security forces.
|
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Will they raise taxes on the middle classes to pay the costs, say, of Medicare for all?
|
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The middle classes and political liberalization are less closely connected than we have been made to believe.
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The middle classes aren't lost, but political leaders must now work hard to win back their trust.
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"The killings had the support or backing of the middle classes," a journalist in Davao told me.
|
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Clinton holds leads on who is best for health care, trade, immigration and the lower and middle classes.
|
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In China, where the rising middle classes are putting more cars on the road, people should be cautious.
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When we are not extracting wealth from nature, we are extracting it from the working and middle classes.
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I think the British middle classes need a better-functioning European model, in which they are better protected.
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The middle classes down below are into the same stuff, but with cheaper booze in more crowded apartments.
|
|
Buoyant demand among the fast-growing middle classes, particularly in countries such as China, has boosted this segment.
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Sanctions in fact are a war waged by the United States against the Iranian working- and middle-classes.
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Why it matters: Several African nations have rapidly expanding middle classes and notably young populations, per the Post.
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Fight for their votes not with race-baiting but with economic pitches for the working and middle classes.
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It is another arrow to its quiver that will serve the radicals well among the lower middle classes.
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Quite the opposite: The growing middle classes across Africa, Asia and the Middle East seem disinclined to push for democratic reform, while segments of the European and American middle classes, feeling threatened by the rapid socioeconomic transformations of our time, have proven quite open to the appeals of illiberal demagogy.
|
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So Labour brought in comprehensive schools but left private education untouched, which the middle classes turned to in droves.
|
|
Abraaj invests in companies focused on the consumption of the emerging middle classes —everything from restaurant chains to hospitals.
|
|
The eyewear industry is set to expand as the world's population ages and middle-classes in emerging countries grow.
|
|
Both charts show that China's middle classes and the world's rich have gained handsomely in the era of globalisation.
|
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Thailand's middle classes may find Thaksinite populism abhorrent, but they have failed to provide poorer Thais with an alternative.
|
|
Of all the social groups in China, the middle classes seem to have the most to lose from instability.
|
|
By raising taxes, by making budgetary adjustments which hurt the middle classes, which I believe was a historic mistake.
|
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For some among the country's urban middle classes, drinking has become as normal as it is in the West.
|
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Baked into this argument is the assumption that assertive middle classes are crucial for the triumph of political liberty.
|
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So far its effects have been disastrous for the middle- and lower-middle classes, as well as the poor.
|
|
"For me, this shows that the racial and religious sentiment have deeply penetrated the educated middle classes," he said.
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The biggest losers are the American and European working and middle classes—until very recently, their incomes hardly budged.
|
|
Historically, the sector was seen as a gateway into the middle classes for Americans with only a high-school education.
|
|
That is chiefly due to the fact that growth has shifted sharply to the rising middle classes in smaller cities.
|
|
Voters feel he has been prioritizing support of businesses over supporting the middle classes, further alienating himself from French socialism.
|
|
That has drawn rural conservatives to a movement that found its early support among urban and often secular middle classes.
|
|
After slicing through public services and handouts for the poorest, austerity is now biting hard at the professional middle classes.
|
|
First, demand for cancer treatments is rising as prevalence increases and the world's middle classes—who can afford insurance—expand.
|
|
Dyson's tech appealed to Asia's fast-growing middle classes who appreciated products such as its premium-priced hairdryers, he said.
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|
China's middle classes increasingly look and behave like their rich-world peers, but they do not necessarily think like them.
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|
That is the three-decade long worldwide retreat of wretched poverty and the accompanying expansion of the global middle classes.
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These three countries have young populations, growing middle classes and projected growth of 5 percent to 7 percent this year.
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The older Democratic majority, which dominated American politics from 1930 to 1968, was rooted in the working and middle classes.
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The ruling party dispenses vital social grants to poor people and controls lucrative contracts sought by the climbing middle classes.
|
|
Narendra Modi's government — supported largely by the middle classes, upper castes and large businesses — appeared to be caught off guard.
|
|
Instead, they agreed to: Oklahoma had already been shifting the burden of public services onto the lower and middle classes.
|
|
Anxious about the growing strength of the working classes, segments of the middle classes even welcomed limits on political freedom.
|
|
The last years have seen a wide range of publications lamenting the crisis of the middle classes in the West.
|
|
"The economies of Southeast Asian countries are growing very quickly, and their middle classes are expanding rapidly," Mr. Tsai said.
|
|
Most of Latin America's carbon emissions come from land-use changes and transport, as growing middle classes jump into cars.
|
|
The UAW had numerous locals firmly in control of the political base and most of Detroit's working and middle classes.
|
|
In a nutshell, the U.S. and Indian middle classes were built on something called the high-wage, middle-skilled job.
|
|
New technology, such as artificial intelligence, is replacing labour, which means the middle classes are less able to demand higher wages.
|
|
"Chop Zuma the Ugly Head", the Sowetan newspaper, a popular read among Johannesburg's black middle classes, said on its front page.
|
|
Right-wing populism is typically triadic, portraying the middle classes as squeezed between two outgroups, such as foreigners and welfare "spongers".
|
|
It's part of the pessimistic mood and nobody has managed to explain to me why the middle classes are so pessimistic.
|
|
Populism has traditionally been understood to include trade protectionism, low interest rates, and government welfare to the poor and middle classes.
|
|
So the optimism of his election campaign, when he sought to represent the aspirational new urban middle classes, has been dented.
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|
Populist traits were familiar to Aristotle in his discussion of the supporters of demagogues, but his middle classes were not populists.
|
|
The incipient Latin American middle classes are the product of long-term, though modest, economic growth over the past quarter century.
|
|
The middle classes in the country's bigger cities, confident urban professionals with jobs in service industries, are indeed still splashing out.
|
|
The middle classes are increasingly dominated by those born after 1980, whose expectations are shaped by global travel and the internet.
|
|
While global poverty has been dramatically reduced in that period, many of the developed world's middle classes are no better off.
|
|
As those countries' populations — and their prosperous middle classes — grow, so too do the amounts of meat-based protein they consume.
|
|
Worldwide use is projected to keep rising sharply as growing middle classes in places like China and Brazil demand more meat.
|
|
During those decades, as cinema was gradually fading away, Pakistan's television soap operas boomed and provided entertainment for the middle classes.
|
|
Second, politically active unions push for progressive policies that lift up the entire working and middle classes, not just their members.
|
|
Swedish national sales taxes, which fall disproportionately on the middle classes, are much higher than sales taxes in the United States.
|
|
The top 1% of American households have almost as much wealth as the middle- and upper-middle classes combined, reports Bloomberg.
|
|
Capital outflows from China hit $640 billion last year; China's upper and middle classes are voting with their real-estate choices.
|
|
Yet many people in Pakistan today say that Musharraf's tenure was a period of relative prosperity for the urban middle classes.
|
|
They double as a series on the lower and middle classes of 19th-century China, albeit its extremes of medical need.
|
|
And certainly in the Bush years things got worse and worse for people from the working classes, lower classes, and middle classes.
|
|
That made sense: the mainland economy was growing at double-digit rates and China's rising middle classes were eager for new products.
|
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High inflation in the 1980s and 1990s taught the middle classes to keep a chunk of their savings offshore in dollar accounts.
|
|
His Morado party is aimed at "the new Peruvian, who looks to the future, is entrepreneurial and from the emerging middle classes".
|
|
The rate of divorce is increasing across the board, but particularly among the middle classes, according to Tania Haque of Dhaka University.
|
|
They needed more time because they have fast-expanding middle classes and hot climates, and because India feared damaging its growing industries.
|
|
Liberals have been telling the middle-classes for years that they pay an awful lot more for the terrible services they get.
|
|
If you come from a poor family, or even the middle-classes, then you likely will find the typical art museum intimidating.
|
|
In today's Latin America, the new middle classes' main demand is for better services, from higher education to health care and policing.
|
|
But even the IMF, the arch proponent of globalisation, admits there have been losers, often among the middle classes in advanced economies.
|
|
We target the 80% and we try to keep the interests of the middle classes and lower; they will generate good revenues.
|
|
But Trump's top economic advisers reject those assessments and say they will be crafting policies to help the working and middle classes.
|
|
India and other developing markets have been key to soft drink makers, as their swelling middle classes buy ever more packaged goods.
|
|
Other rapidly urbanizing African countries are following suit, with middle classes often queuing at fashionable fast food restaurants like Kentucky Fried Chicken.
|
|
The region's new middle classes applauded the building projects and health and education programs that were paid for with commodity-boom cash.
|
|
They exist partly through a bargain in which wealthy elites commingle with the highest-achieving students of the lower and middle classes.
|
|
In days past, a proposal to slam the rich to reward the working and middle classes meant hitting Republicans to benefit Democrats.
|
|
For one thing, the historical record seemed clear — middle classes have often stood at the forefront of the struggle for political freedom.
|
|
It's no surprise, then, that right now, growing segments of the middle classes around the world once again turn to illiberal politics.
|
|
The initial beneficiaries were pedigree dogs, a creation of 19th-century upper-class Britons that America's thriving middle-classes embraced with gusto.
|
|
But as tantalizing and comforting as Mumbai's street food is, the city's growing middle classes have a new appetite for trendier establishments.
|
|
Nevertheless, wealth inequality has become so drastic that many in the lower and middle classes can&apost afford to own bitcoin dollars.
|
|
A bit better at making sure the sort of lower and middle classes and working classes had good health care and education.
|
|
With their mass protests after election-rigging in 2011-12, Russia's sophisticated urban middle classes showed that they yearn for a modern state.
|
|
Russia's regional diversity, its growing inequality and the contrast between the urban middle classes and the paternalistic periphery will remain causes of tension.
|
|
The middle classes lived in solid contentment, with enough space to bring up a family and enough servants to lighten the domestic drudgery.
|
|
Although parents might seek marriage partners for their children, the final decision now rests with the young, especially among the urban middle classes.
|
|
Twitter thus illustrates the fortunes of two of east Africa's rulers, at least in the view of the middle classes in their countries.
|
|
As a result, the continent's growing middle-classes have not taken to the skies as enthusiastically as in the rest of the world.
|
|
The middle classes are indebted up to their ears to almost anybody: their bank, supermarket, pharmacy, dentist, educational institutions and health-care providers.
|
|
In the long run, the working and middle classes suffer far more from such a regime rather than wealthy people with liquid assets.
|
|
It's possible to have an endless chicken-and-egg debate over whether the middle classes created or were created by the Industrial Revolution.
|
|
Demand for electricity is increasing rapidly in Latin America: Growing middle classes are buying appliances, while many countries are embracing energy-intensive industries.
|
|
Since the middle classes have most of their wealth tied up in their houses, they experienced the greatest proportionate losses in the downturn.
|
|
The 19th-century middle classes also showed little concern over the social and political exclusion of large segments of society — minorities, women, workers.
|
|
It has gained traction, especially among lower-middle classes, thanks to a kind of Buddhist prosperity gospel that advocates meditation, volunteering and donations.
|
|
During these years, resistance to globalization has migrated from anarchists disrupting trade conferences to members of the vast middle classes of the West.
|
|
Like the United States, France has also contended in recent years with rising inequality and financial instability for its lower and middle classes.
|
|
India's urban middle classes have long expected to be able to get anything delivered to their doors by a horde of underemployed young men.
|
|
"What's new is not [the actions] of police officers, but using this kind of aggressive actions against … white people from middle classes," Mouhanna said.
|
|
While opinion polls suggest a majority of Brazilians, around 60 percent, support impeaching Rousseff, pro-impeachment demonstrations have been dominated by the middle classes.
|
|
The gags focus on problems faced by most Zimbabweans, especially the middle classes, such as not being able to get money from the banks.
|
|
Under-construction of affordable and publicly-funded housing units targeted at the working- and middle-classes is a trend that started around the 1970s.
|
|
She was a tireless advocate for the benefits of trade, global growth that aids the poor and middle classes, and the empowerment of women.
|
|
The predominantly white professional and "upper-middle" classes thrive, while statistics show rural and blue-collar whites slipping toward unemployment, imprisonment, and early death.
|
|
The working and middle classes, however, will not fare so well, lacking the freedom of consumer choice, and the clout, that comes with money.
|
|
So although this route is still open, the middle classes are expanding so fast that an ever smaller proportion of them can use it.
|
|
The establishment worried that, when crowned, the prince, unpopular at court and among the middle classes, might align himself with Mr Thaksin's populist movement.
|
|
The middle classes, losing their social holding and social status, join the lower classes in nurturing a deep sense of social and economic pessimism.
|
|
Conservative, independent, centrist, and liberal left members of the American working and middle classes, students, and others could come to respect the president's intentions.
|
|
Activity was particularly strong in Asian IPOs, where SWFs were keen to tap the long-term growth opportunities offered by the burgeoning middle classes.
|
|
China's increasingly affluent middle classes has rapidly boosted demand for aviation services in recent years, leading to a shortage of airports and qualified pilots.
|
|
Companies could find big markets, for instance by developing low-cost, high-efficiency air conditioners to sell to growing middle classes in tropical countries.
|
|
The sector is seeing a structural shift away from heavy spenders and towards the emerging middle classes of China, India and Indonesia, analysts say.
|
|
The "poverty industry" run by the middle classes, he said, misunderstands deprivation because they are not part of it, however well-intentioned they are.
|
|
Sadly this new infrastructure was restricted to multiplexes as distributors focused almost entirely on attracting the middle classes who could afford higher ticket prices.
|
|
David Boyle, the author of "Broke: Who Killed the Middle Classes?" wrote in The Guardian that the house was a monument to British creativity.
|
|
This gas price stability also helps the poor and middle classes, who spend a higher share of their budgets than the rich on transportation.
|
|
But more than that, it's deepening the divisions between those (specifically the working poor and lower middle classes) who would benefit from standing together.
|
|
As the middle classes achieve the means to travel, they are denounced (by other countries) as disrespectful hicks, arriviste provincials unfit for polite society.
|
|
"Johnson added that "it seems reasonable that the middle classes should be required to stump up for non-essential services they can well afford.
|
|
Andrew Georgiou, chief executive of Lagardere Sports and Entertainment, told Reuters in March that the Chinese middle classes could number 550 million by 2022.
|
|
Telecommunications, transportation, and uninterrupted access to electricity are all vital for countries looking to transform themselves into knowledge-based economies with growing middle-classes.
|
|
Mr Gray argues that Corbynism is "populism for the middle classes, serving the material and psychological needs of the relatively affluent and the well-heeled".
|
|
She had a true vision of what theater should be—hating the idea of theater that trivialized itself as a pastime for the middle classes.
|
|
As countries like China and India get richer and see their middle classes expand, more and more people are getting on airplanes and flying places.
|
|
Britain might therefore want to target countries with growing middle classes and still-weak services sectors, such as India and China, as well as Indonesia.
|
|
Small but powerful economic elites resisted tax increases, so governments resorted to printing money to fulfil their campaign promises to the working and middle classes.
|
|
It can claim that the middle-classes are about to discover that they have more in common with the working-classes than they ever imagined.
|
|
Now the more insidious assault is on the middle-classes, as the one percent, represented by the government, bankers, and financial institutions, expropriate their wealth.
|
|
Every year, the proportion of non-government employees entitled to pension benefits declines, and other trends have also worsened the prospects for the middle classes.
|
|
Thailand remains politically divided between the county's urban middle classes and royalist-military elite and supporters of populist governments ousted in 2006 and 2014 coups.
|
|
Obamacare went about increasing coverage by expanding Medicaid for the very poor, and regulating and subsidizing individual insurance markets for the working and middle classes.
|
|
I discussed this with Theresa May, and then with Boris Johnson, because I think it was the middle classes who reacted and voted for Brexit.
|
|
Asian middle classes will, in many ways, drive our collective future, because they have become such a potent engine of demand for our global economy.
|
|
Cities were regarded as crime-ridden, unhealthy and polluted, aging incubators of infant mortality and malnutrition, increasingly abandoned by the educated and the middle classes.
|
|
With the planet's population on the rise, the global middle classes expanding and travel increasingly cheap and easy, tourist numbers are poised to keep rising.
|
|
Thanks to the explosive growth of China's upper and middle classes, more and more families are sending their children to the United States for college.
|
|
For the upper middle classes, regardless of their professed political preferences, zoning, wealth, tax deductions and educational opportunity reinforce one another in a virtuous cycle.
|
|
Scholars and pundits have reassured us that economic liberalization will give rise to powerful middle classes, which will eventually bring about democratic forms of politics.
|
|
Colonialism, too, revealed the inherent contradictions of the bourgeois middle classes, as colonial racism stood in stark contrast to the claim of universal human equality.
|
|
Yes, the acceleration in technology and globalization has particularly benefited higher-skilled knowledge workers in the West and lower-skilled rising middle classes in Asia.
|
|
Applications from outside the union also rose, a reminder that the pool of potential students is growing as middle classes expand in many developing nations.
|
|
The total sum of opportunity costs borne by high-tax states with Democratic governors and legislatures include incalculable damage to the working and middle classes.
|
|
Singapore's tourist sector is seeing a structural shift away from heavy spenders and towards the emerging middle classes of China, India and Indonesia, analysts say.
|
|
"I can't tell my middle classes who work, who pay taxes, that it's great, we're going to welcome everybody into the country," Mr. Macron said.
|
|
In Tehran, where results are official, the urban middle classes voted in large numbers for the combined list of reformers and moderates who support Mr. Rouhani.
|
|
Despite increased take-up by rising middle classes in emerging markets, global premiums grew in real terms by only 22018% annually over the period, to $5.2trn.
|
|
The President also signaled action on another key piece of his agenda -- tax reform, promising "massive" relief for the middle classes and cuts in corporate tax.
|
|
At some point, surely, China's wealthier millions will demand a more open, accountable and even democratic government, just as middle classes in other countries have done.
|
|
While some of his supporters were certainly drawn to his divisive, bigoted rhetoric and scapegoat politics, many others are members of the working and middle classes.
|
|
This is one of those unbelievably gauche things that the middle classes always seem to do that I have yet to fully wrap my head around.
|
|
Under BP's base-case Evolving Transition scenario, global energy demand will increase by around one third by 2040, driven by rapidly expanding middle classes in Asia.
|
|
"Middle classes in emerging markets will double to 3.5 billion people by 2035," Airbus said in a statement, predicting particularly strong demand in China and India.
|
|
That, these analysts say, would keep the benefits of cheap energy out of the hands of the poor and emerging middle classes in the developing world.
|
|
For decades, wages of the working and middle classes have remained virtually stagnant in the U.S. while the wealthiest Americans have seen their wages grow exponentially.
|
|
Hopes were also pinned on mortgage and credit card sales to the millions of Brazilians, Nigerians and Indians who were expected to join the middle classes.
|
|
Wallace showed how the white working and middle classes could be turned into what would later be called Reagan Democrats through appeals to anti-black sentiments.
|
|
After years of cynicism, sneering or simply tuning out all things political, Iran's urban middle classes have been swept up in a wave of nationalist fervor.
|
|
But in her bid to win over the working class she has at times irked her core electorate, the elderly and the home-owning middle classes.
|
|
In their struggle to preserve their socioeconomic position, parts of the middle classes are turning to protest politics, believing that populist strongmen will protect their interests.
|
|
Commercial activities with the Ottoman Empire led to Western Europe's inchoate 15th-century middle classes slowly developing a taste for the ceramics of their exotic neighbors.
|
|
Among the statements tweeted out, Radhakrishnan said Prime Minister Modi's government had failed the middle classes and had not made development on improving the country's general welfare.
|
|
Carbon emissions from commercial aviation account for about 2.5% of the global total but are set to expand in step with emerging middle classes, especially in Asia.
|
|
Speaking to CNBC's Jim Cramer, Cook said that there were still positive signs for Apple in China, such as the long-term growth of the middle classes.
|
|
But what happens to the working and lower-middle classes and to the unemployed young of Europe after defeats of the populists who have championed their causes?
|
|
It hopes to sell more of the jets to China, whose airports and air space are becoming increasingly congested as the middle classes take to the sky.
|
|
Entry-level luxury, helped by the growth of e-commerce and the rise of emerging market middle classes, is seen as a key area of sector growth.
|
|
The working classes have become much less likely to marry than the middle classes, and when they do, their unions are more liable to break down quickly.
|
|
Barnes sets his tale in its twilight, among what he calls "furrow-dwellers," the torpid English middle classes, but he refrains from deriving much comedy from it.
|
|
Germany joins America in the top four, along with China and India, two nations with burgeoning middle classes, whose ability to afford travel is anticipated to grow.
|
|
Most of China's middle classes own property and have decent jobs, yet they, too, worry that they are being squeezed, both from the bottom and the top.
|
|
As a typical member of the creative middle classes — that is, a full-time media slacker — I have found my income shrinking over the last few years.
|
|
These agents are seen as having the edge in winning business from clients from China's upper and middle classes since they have similar educational and social backgrounds.
|
|
Among the middle classes, travel abroad has become harder, students saving to study overseas have seen their plans shattered, and luxury goods have moved out of reach.
|
|
Before 2000, the size of both the lower and middle classes had shrunk, while the percentage of households with inflation-adjusted incomes of $100,373 or more grew.
|
|
But the agenda also includes intensive talks on trade, a pet issue for a President intent on returning economic security to the American lower and middle classes.
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Though there might be economic uncertainty among the middle classes, wealthier consumers are feeling confident and richer because of changes like looser business regulations and lower taxes.
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Terrified by the specter of communism, the middle classes across Europe flocked to right-wing strongmen, showing little commitment to the ideals of liberal democracy and parliamentarism.
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In recent years, Beijing has encouraged the affluent middle classes to invest in Chinese company stocks, in an effort to help stimulate the country's floundering stock exchange.
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PFL shifted focus to the urban middle-classes dissatisfied with Lula's leftist policies and renamed itself the Democrats in 2007, the same year Maia was elected party president.
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But the demonstrations have since morphed into a broader indictment of Macron's handling of the French economy and his perceived elitist disregard for France's working and middle classes.
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It is trying to remould itself as a "party of the workers" but its leaders are largely drawn from the upper middle classes in the south of England.
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More sobering still, by definition those attacking foreign brands are unusually worldly, whether they hail from the aspiring middle classes or are members of China's globe-trotting elites.
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The ideology of our time, especially amongst the liberal middle-classes, even more than the conservatives, has embraced the idea of trying to hold things stable and static.
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Traveling in the millions -- thanks to jet aircraft and the rise of middle classes worldwide -- to circle the Ka'ba and follow in the footsteps of our spiritual ancestors.
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The reality going back to what I said is that capitalism is the best engine for lifting people out of poverty and into the middle-classes and beyond.
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VICE: How much of the current crisis was inevitable thanks to economic forces that have hurt the Western middle classes, making more people willing to embrace extreme politics?
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The fresh spending in this week's budget was aimed not at the middle classes but at the poor in the countryside, the voters whom Congress has long wooed.
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Moreover, as economies in the region have grown, American companies and workers have enjoyed the opportunity to sell goods and services to rising middle classes around the world.
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By extension, the middle classes, political parties and civil society were also evil, because they encouraged the development of personalities beyond the single identity of the national community.
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Another alternative exists for Democrats worried about their future: to recapture parts of the white working and middle classes that they have lost over time to the Republicans.
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Apple executives have expressed high hopes for investment in software and services, in the booming middle classes in China and India, and the tantalizing prospect of tax reform.
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It was the first glimmer of hope for Iran's urban middle classes since the brutal crackdown on street protests following the 2009 presidential election, widely seen as rigged.
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But the American and European working and middle classes, the high 21s to mid-220.6s on Milanović's chart, have seen no gains — or even seen their income shrink.
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Mr. Macron's proposed relief package for the working and middle classes is estimated to cost about the same, but doubts have emerged about how much it would help.
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Since the lifting of sanctions was announced, "there's been a lot of excitement among the Sudanese middle classes, even for things like getting a cinema," Mr. Taylor said.
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These airlines capitalized on growing middle classes and new emerging markets by building up networks with flexible narrow-body jets like the Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320.
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Yet all of these experts operate under the assumption that the middle classes are the bastions of liberal, open societies, and that only their decline could threaten democracy.
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The shares of wealth held by the middle and upper middle classes - or all other Americans save for the richest 1 percent — have all fallen since the crisis.
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But wealthier countries also have benefited from rising middle classes, which are demanding more exports from advanced economies, said Georgieva, a former vice president of the European Commission.
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They refused the earlier date because they have fast-expanding middle classes who want air conditioning in their hot climates, and because India feared damaging its growing industries.
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A former trade union leader turned wealthy businessman, Ramaphosa is well-liked among South Africa's middle-classes and is seen by some as an antidote to the Zuma years.
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Income inequality, along with stagnating real wages and the welfare of the working and middle classes, is in focus in the U.S. ahead of the presidential election in November.
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The Democratic Alliance was once dismissed as a party for the white middle classes but appears to be doing a better job of winning a broader base of voters.
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But the reason it reaches out beyond that base -- and dominates newspaper columns, where intellectuals lament the regressive gender politics -- is that the upper-middle classes love it, too.
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Given all the good that unions can do for the working and middle classes, one must face the difficult question of why those who struggle economically do not join.
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Lagarde's departure would deprive the IMF of a tireless advocate for the benefits of trade, global growth that aids the poor and middle classes, and the empowerment of women.
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But the American and European working and middle classes, the high-70s to mid-80s on Milanović's chart, have seen no gains — or have even seen their incomes shrink.
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Further to the right, it shows how equivalent outcomes declined dramatically for the working and middle classes in the developed world, but soared for the planet's wealthiest 1 percent.
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The brutal gang-rape and murder in 2012 of a student in Delhi galvanised India's middle classes, but the rape of women and girls in villages attracts little attention.
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A more careful look at the past shows that the middle classes have frequently sided with illiberal forms of government when they feared for their privileges and social stability.
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Their failure rate is high, but they're also a time-honored way for immigrants in particular to use hard work and entrepreneurial zeal to break into the middle classes.
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More critically, it must turn once-hostile areas of the country in Ms. Le Pen's favor and attract new kinds of voters — professionals and the upper and middle classes.
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The economic context of this new discontent is concentration of wealth and income among the very richest, and decades of stagnation for the working and middle classes and the poor.
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But Democrats drilled into arguments that they are best equipped to boost the working and middle classes as they elbow to gain ground in a field of two dozen strong.
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"Fleabag" and the "Fleabag"-related hype is nevertheless interesting for sociological reasons: it demonstrates the annexation of yet another area of British life by the self-worshipping upper-middle classes.
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But it is probably a little easier with the additional glue and social recognition that marriage brings—and the sharp-elbowed middle classes will take any advantage they can get.
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However, the planemakers are confident of continued strong demand for more fuel-efficient jets as emissions regulations tighten and air travel continues to rise, driven by Asia's growing middle classes.
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But talk of economic growth leaves many rural poor befuddled, just as poor infrastructure is still a blight on the lives of many of the urban poor and middle classes.
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I've often said that our model was built in the 18th century with the European Enlightenment, the market economy, individual freedom, democratic rule and the progress of the middle classes.
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Apple executives have expressed high hopes for rapid growth in software and services, in the booming middle classes in China and India, and in the tantalizing prospect of tax reform.
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While the F22015 initially played an important role in boosting the tourism industry, Singapore has diversified its offering, now focusing on the emerging middle classes from China, India and Indonesia.
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A third of the gold produced is sold as jewelry in China and India, where booming middle classes support demand for wedding bands, ornate bridal necklaces, and New Year's charms.
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President Trump and his European counterparts have capitalized on the economic difficulties of the middle and lower-middle classes by wrapping them in narratives that exploit prevailing ethno-nationalist prejudices.
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The lower classes have more reason to protest the status quo than those in higher rungs who benefit from it, while the middle classes prefer not to rock the boat.
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Hell, economic inequality even started to fall as Obama raised taxes on the rich and, through Obamacare, launched a major new redistribution program for the lower and lower middle classes.
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What it does qualify as is a grab bag of goodies for the uberwealthy globalists while passing the price tag on to the middle and upper-middle classes in America.
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But the protest movement that ultimately forced Mr. al-Bashir to fall was led by a new group, the Sudanese Professionals Association, which was born of Sudan's frustrated middle classes.
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In many parts of the postwar Global South, from the Middle East to Latin America, middle classes prospered in authoritarian regimes and, fearful of social instability, often supported political repression.
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The shift of manufacturing from the West to low labor-cost regions has meant that Asia's rising middle classes have grown at the expense of rich countries' working-class communities.
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A run on sterling could start in the final phase of the campaign, just as the middle classes are packing their beachwear for continental summer holidays in the euro zone.
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But the planemakers remain confident of continued strong demand for more fuel-efficient jets as emissions regulations tighten and air travel continues to rise, driven by Asia's growing middle classes.
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These changes will happen in conjunction with other trends, such as the expansion of education among the middle classes (particularly in developing economies), and the shift toward a greener global economy.
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But China and India, with their rapidly growing middle classes, have seized upon the uniquely American idea that bigger equals better: SUV and truck sales are surging in those two countries.
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The ubiquity of digital-payment systems helps to run seamless services for China's burgeoning middle-classes, who are among the keenest in the world to try the latest gadgets and apps.
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Globalization did gouge the working and middle classes in the West, most notoriously during the Great Recession, even as it lifted millions out of poverty in other parts of the world.
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As rapid urbanization, growing middle classes, and technological advances fuel emerging markets growth, there will be room for other aviation and shipping hubs, particularly along the Arabian Peninsula's well-positioned coastline.
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Late last year, financial conglomerate Baoneng amassed around a 24 percent stake in China Vanke Co Ltd , a $30 billion homebuilder for the middle classes, prompting speculation of a hostile bid.
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However, the planemakers are confident of continued strong demand for more fuel-efficient planes as emissions regulations tighten and as air travel continues to rise, driven by Asia's growing middle classes.
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But now Mr. Sanders is attacking them as tarnished emblems of the party's drift from its New Deal heritage and its roots in the working and middle classes of American life.
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" By holding the line on unauthorized immigration and rethinking free trade, Decius argued, Trump could help foster "solidarity among the working, lower-middle, and middle classes of all races and ethnicities.
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"The baby stroller per capita numbers were staggering," Mr. Delury said, explaining how the protest movement reached the urban middle classes, which tend to favor pluralism, stability and rule of law.
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In contrast to the Gulenists' international business and political ties and their technocratic expertise, the A.K. Party's strength was its deep social and electoral networks within the working and middle classes.
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What it does qualify as is a grab bag of goodies for the uber-wealthy globalists while passing the price tag on to the middle and upper middle classes in America.
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"The Jazz Age" also looks at developments in manufacturing, when major department stores were studying contemporary trends in European furniture and creating mass-market versions for the rising American middle classes.
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It basically starts at birth—and it goes on to affect (rather poorly, of course) race discrimination, and the general difficulty in affording higher education for the lower and middle classes.
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While their inaction in the film may seem surreal, there's not exactly a coherent, energized force ready to stop the blinking disappearance of capital and power from the lower- and middle-classes.
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Beyond that, its young population (70 percent of which is aged under 40), lack of "big box" retailers serving entire countries and growing middle classes are forecast to power this surge forward.
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What will make the unions happier is Mr McDonnell's fresh willingness to go beyond Labour's last manifesto, which was stuffed with goodies for the middle classes such as scrapping university tuition fees.
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Consequently, the end result of basic income could be theoretically regressive in nature by reducing the benefits of the poor and transferring that revenue instead to the middle classes and the rich.
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A second problem for the party is that China's middle classes are growing ever less inclined to tolerate the rank state of public toilets, which can be filthy even in big cities.
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The result laid bare the deep divide between the urban middle classes who see their future as part of a European mainstream, and the pious rural poor who favor Erdogan's strong hand.
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NOT long ago it all looked so much better: oil prices were high, the middle classes were growing and the autocrat-father of the state, Nursultan Nazarbayev, presided over 17m grateful subjects.
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Most of the data here comes from studies of poor populations, but less is known about what happens in the working and middle classes—groups especially hard hit these days by opioids.
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But the clincher for Nissan, analysts say, is Mitsubishi's portfolio that is dominated by SUVs, increasingly popular with the region's growing middle classes, as well as small cars favored in emerging economies.
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We are already seeing this with elections in Brazil and Mexico this year, with wealthier middle classes railing against the corruption and lack of infrastructure and public services provided by the governments.
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Iranian society has changed rapidly in 15 years, with the middle classes feeling more alienated by the harsh political talk against the United States, Western culture and any form of social relaxation.
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The result is that some of those governments, and particularly their punitive, militarized security services, did not have mechanisms in place to meet the urban middle classes' rising expectations of democratic accountability.
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And in this new book, he lucidly expounds on the erosion of the West's middle classes, the dysfunction among its political and economic elites and the consequences for America and the world.
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LONDON, Oct 25 (Reuters) - Africa-focused private equity firm DPI has bought a fifth of Moroccan foam mattress company Dolidol, DPI said on Thursday, in a bet on the continent's growing middle classes.
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Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, a guru with a big following among the urban middle classes who rivals Mr Ramdev for Mr Modi's affections, is branching out from Ayurveda into food and personal care.
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On the agricultural front, prices could also be poised to increase as expanding middle classes in emerging markets such as India and China shift their diets and start consuming more proteins and sweets.
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Large unbanked populations in countries such as India, and the emergence of tech-savvy middle classes in countries such as China, Indonesia and the Philippines, will offer significant growth opportunities for "FinTech" companies.
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To the extent that groups gain economic power, political power will follow; think of how, in 203th and early 220th century Britain, the middle classes and then the factory workers got the vote.
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The two cities may believe they are helping middle-class residents, but they risk pushing up the cost of the labour that the middle classes depend upon, not least for help at home.
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Feeling down, he dips a pink, clammy hand inside his dinner jacket and pulls out a pamphlet: A Beginners Guide to Profiting from Your Unwanted Concert Seats by Fleecing the Upper-Middle Classes.
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Adding to Ramaphosa's popularity with the business community, "confidence will be matched in consumer sentiment, particularly amongst South Africa's middle classes," Aberdeen Standard Investments Investment Director Kieran Curtis wrote in a note Tuesday.
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With the price of oil low and Saudi middle-classes greatly dependent on often unproductive jobs in government, the Kingdom racked up a budget deficit last year equal to 15 percent of GDP.
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While the comfortable, largely white middle classes criticize a "culture of entitlement," student fees now make up a higher portion of university budgets than they did during my undergraduate studies in the 1990s.
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Better coordinate monetary and fiscal policies, so that more money ends up in the hands of people who will spend it (the lower and middle classes) as opposed to saving it (the wealthy).
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It's hard to make a case for a big new tax in America on the middle classes and the poor after decades when most of the economic benefits have flowed to the wealthy.
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There is, on the one hand, huge resentment toward Beijing — which Mr. Bannon shares — among those who believe that China has grown its economy at the expense of the working and middle classes.
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This became most obvious in the failed 1848 revolutions, which in many places soon lost the support of the panicking middle classes, terrorized by the fear of plebeian rage and proletarian political participation.
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Elites like the nobility clung to their status, influence and authority as they felt the economic and political ground shift beneath their feet and were challenged by nonnoble groups, like the middle classes.
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" Of the central character, an entitled young Englishwoman named Naomi, her father observes: "She wanted to be a Samaritan: the easiest job in the world, and perfect for the useless European middle classes.
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Among locals I spoke to, there was an overwhelming sense of despair that the problem won't be solved—and that as Jackson loses its working and middle-classes, it will eventually lose its character.
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Protesters, mostly from the poor or middle classes, took to the streets to decry the center-right policies of President Sebastián Piñera, who responded by deploying the military to repress the mostly peaceful demonstrators.
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The idea is to put a tent pole down in Africa's emerging online commerce early on, and then reap the rewards as increased Internet access and growing middle classes increase demand for e-commerce.
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As a party, they should redouble their efforts to help those in the lower economic and middle classes, even when it goes underappreciated, and should do so without instituting purity tests against Wall Street.
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Relishing his nickname of "middle-class Joe", he told delegates at the World Economic Forum annual meeting that the middle classes, the backbone of economies and democracies, now faced unprecedented threats from technological change.
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This produced a widening cultural gap between the tradition-oriented working and middle classes and the cosmopolitan avant-garde — in politics, business and the arts — that reached a peak just when economic disaster struck.
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Mayors from both parties said both the Obama administration and now the Trump administration have not done enough to supply cities with the funding they need to keep middle classes near their urban cores.
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There is a profoundly solipsistic element at work in such applications of feminist and therapeutic language, a weaponization of victimhood and gendered suffering to support the primacy of the middle and upper-middle classes.
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Fatter margins and burgeoning middle classes are two of the prizes, although they come with risks such as tough foreign ownership restrictions and competition from established players like Singapore's DBS and ANZ of Australia.
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Brian Riedl, a senior fellow at the right-leaning Manhattan Institute, argued that Ocasio-Cortez and Warren's proposals, which he called political "gimmicks," are attempting to stoke resentment among the working- and middle-classes.
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Another aim of the restructuring is to focus the group more on the market for jetliners—which is booming, thanks largely to rising demand for air travel from the expanding middle classes in emerging economies.
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In a flurry of meetings, interviews and a speech, Conte, a Florence law professor, railed against the damage globalization had wrought on the middle classes and noted how disappointed Italians are with the European Union.
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In a pitch to convert working Americans who currently support Donald Trump, President Barack Obama claimed Friday that the GOP nominee's history shows he's unlikely to implement policies that help the lower and middle classes.
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She can also play the race card on immigration and affirmative action, and pit middle classes against each other with the labor union debate, saying the Senate doesn't want a justice that represents their concerns.
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Restrictions on imported inputs would disrupt essential supply chains, make our exports more expensive and less competitive in world markets and increase prices for American consumers, with the greatest burden on poor and middle classes.
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But the untold story of Dubai is the story of the Asian middle classes — from the Philippines to India, Pakistan to China — that have flocked to the city to work, live, visit, consume, and connect.
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The aggressor in this battle is Audrey (Victoria Hamilton), a hard-nosed home-counties entrepreneur who runs a company flogging homeware to the middle classes (everything in her shops, apparently, is white—including the customers).
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Tech aside, Southeast Asia is home to more than 600 million consumers, with six primary markets — Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines — standing out for growing economies and rising middle-classes of consumers.
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Her "sin" was simply being herself — a brave, bold, lusty, thigh-jangling, cricket-loving 26-year-old who had chosen the treacherous terrain of social media to interact with Pakistan's socially conservative, aspirational middle classes.
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For The Times Magazine's Voyages issue, Mr. Steves, pictured above, spoke to our writer about his desire to convert the untraveled, and his role as a sort of spiritual travel agent for America's middle classes.
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Mr. Schumer knows his party must quickly and candidly address the question of why the white working and middle classes — groups who were the foundation of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition — often support Mr. Trump.
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The last decade has seen a wide range of shocks: The Great Recession and the neoliberal excesses of our new Gilded Age, which have led to rising inequalities, have squeezed the middle classes almost everywhere.
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According to analysts, they succeeded with a platform that appealed to the country's struggling middle classes — many of whom live and work elsewhere in Europe, but send money home — promising lower taxes and higher wages.
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As Luce says in this new book, the key problem is "the backlash of the West's middle classes, who are the biggest losers in a global economy" that has been working for most everyone else.
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There was a new dichotomy I had never heard of before: the "white Turks" (Westernized secular élites in Istanbul and Ankara) versus the "black Turks" (the pious Muslim middle and lower-middle classes of Anatolia).
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If spending cuts are distributed equally across all American households regardless of income, then the tax plan winds up making 84.4 percent of Americans worse off, including virtually everyone in the lower or middle classes.
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" He paused: "In growth markets around the world, because of the raw size and their rising middle classes and purchasing power, big and great companies also will be created that the juggernauts will want to acquire.
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Gillum ran in the style of the new Bernie Sanders left, emphasizing big, progressive policy programs with an expanded view of the government in service of helping improve the lives of the working and middle classes.
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With demand for air travel expected to double every 15 years, as the growing middle classes of Asia take to the sky, the long-term future of aircraft as an asset is still seen as solid.
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The shortage of flying squid, an icon of the working and middle classes, has dealt a hard blow to the livelihoods of not only fishermen, but everyone from suppliers to traders at Tokyo's famous fish market.
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The island has been largely visited and inhabited by Scandinavians since the 1960s, but had its heydays in the 1990s when "charter vacations," or low-budget resort vacations, became affordable for the working and middle classes.
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In the meantime, interim President Michel Temer and his white male cabinet are pushing through a series of business-friendly deregulation, privatization, and austerity measures that will further brutalize Brazil's sprawling poor and precarious middle classes.
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He was a right-wing apparatchik for most of his adult life, but started having doubts a decade ago about the party's inability to provide solutions to the economic needs of the working and middle classes.
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Foregoing any radical modernization for decades, it favors the rich middle classes, including one local Indian doctor who is utilizing his fortune to build a mock Taj Mahal on the side of an otherwise dull highway.
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Sections of Africa's rising middle class are increasingly finding themselves with greater spending power -- although debate remains about how to define Africa's middle class and whether it is resilient as middle classes elsewhere in the world.
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The problem is compounded by the growing status-symbol appeal of private transport: a vogue for automobiles among Dhaka's middle classes that is adding tens of thousands of new vehicles to the city's streets every year.
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Moreover, Presidents Reagan, George W. Bush and Donald Trump all pursued radical tax policies that overwhelmingly — if not solely — benefitted a small group of exceptionally wealthy Americans at the expense of the working and middle classes.
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Then he made the case that what America has right now is "socialism for the rich," benefiting Bloomberg and other wealthy people at the expense of the working and middle classes: Let's talk about democratic socialism.
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Now, as large middle classes in the West stagnate and billions elsewhere move out of poverty while harboring unrealizable dreams of prosperity, Rousseau's obsession with the psychic consequences of inequality seems even more prophetic and disturbing.
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India's growth rate remains robust, but the benefits of the country's growth have been concentrated almost entirely at the top, with grim implications for the working classes and the lower-middle classes, women and the young.
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Terrified of looking foolish, the CD-carrying upper-middle classes respond the same way every time: "Wow," they say, the nerves gently edging out of their voice as the reassuring eyes of the young people zone in.
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"It would be fine to have a Green finance minister who cuts the tax burden on the middle classes," said Lindner, seen as one of the leading candidates for the key finance job in a Jamaica coalition.
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The pivot to domestic consumption may seem an obvious move for the delta's factories, but foreign firms operating in the PRD, long fixated on export markets, were slow to respond to the rise of China's middle classes.
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McCartney, known for her understated designs and refusal to use fur or leather in her work, said that while demand for garments and shows had soared thanks to growing middle classes around the world, methods had stagnated.
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Like other developed countries, the country has very low birth rates, fast-decreasing levels of violence and large middle classes who define success by tapping the latest smartphone or putting down a deposit on a new car.
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Quibble with the details, but the overarching story—immobile companies giving governments a degree of sovereignty, which they self-interestedly use to boost the middle classes—seems a plausible account of the stability of advanced capitalist democracies.
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He is "Small government" with a capital S. He is as sick as we normal lower-middle classes are of the thieves in local and national government on huge salaries, huge pensions, and always on the sick.
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But to put this in perspective, there are more than 2000 billion gasoline- and diesel-powered cars on the world's roads — and demand will keep soaring in the decades ahead as China and India's middle classes expand.
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Sandro, Maje and Claudie Pierlot, which sell dresses priced at around 200 euros, operate in the so-called accessible segment of the luxury market, enjoying solid demand among fast-growing middle classes in countries such as China.
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Economic policy should be more concentrated on helping the middle classes and those striving to join it, he said in a speech in the German port city of Hamburg during a dinner for civic and business leaders.
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By focusing mainly on trading partners, Donald Trump is deflecting the anger from where it should be aimed — at people like him who take far more than they need while stiffing the American working and middle classes.
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The 25-30 Alliance, a bloc of a small number of opposition MPs, demanded in a statement that Sisi cancel what it called "errant economic decisions" for which it said the lower and middle classes were suffering.
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A historian, Antonia Meredith (Yvonne Roen), leads a handful of actors in a re-enactment of events that took place 700 years earlier, when America's working and middle classes suffered under the "iron heel" of heartless oligarchs.
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Very few Americans have enjoyed steadily rising pay beyond inflation over the last couple of decades, a shift from prior years in which the working and middle classes enjoyed broad-based wage gains as the economy expanded.
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"Bing" as a name is meant to parody the striving, tech-obsessed upper middle classes who conflate consumer tastes with life philosophy, but no self-respecting upper-middle-class striver has any kind of reverence for Bing.
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Although he concealed his anti-Semitism beneath a "mask of moderation" when trying to win the support of the socially liberal middle classes, he specialized in big, theatrical rallies staged with spectacular elements borrowed from the circus.
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The most extreme historical example, however, is undoubtedly the substantial public support for fascist regimes in the interwar years — which came not only from the lower middle classes but also from significant parts of the upper bourgeoisie.
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Consequently, if Biden's plans were enacted, taxes on capital owners would end up substantially higher than they were at the end of President Barack Obama's tenure, even as taxes on the working and middle classes are lower.
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Sandro, Maje and Claudie Pierlot, which sell dresses priced at around 200 euros, operate in the so-called accessible segment of the luxury market, enjoying solid demand among fast-growing middle classes, particularly in countries such as China.
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MUMBAI (Reuters) - Questions over the exact provenance of bedsheets sold by Welspun India to America's middle classes have not only wiped $740 million off the firm's market value, but also revived one of Indian manufacturing's enduring headaches: quality.
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Late last year, Investcorp joined forces with Chinese partners to spend up to $500 million buying food brands and manufacturing sites in Asia, aiming to tap into China's emerging middle classes and their growing taste for foreign foods.
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Jones looks unlikely to vote for the GOP tax bill, even as a comparatively conservative Democrat, citing concerns that it would direct most of its benefits to wealthy Americans at the expense of the lower and middle classes.
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Gutted for the wealthier middle classes, then, who did what people with money always do: they made a plan get as far away as possible from everyone poor, ideally in a first-class train carriage or luxury vehicle.
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So we end up with a wage tax at fairly (but not extremely) high rates, virtually inescapable for the vast middle classes with their W-2s but still encouraging games to be played by wealthy wage-earners. 4.
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First, some people who might hitherto have wanted to own a car may no longer do so, cancelling out the growth the motor industry might otherwise have expected from the rising middle classes in developing countries (see chart).
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ISHERWOOD Well, it was certainly hard not to watch "The Humans," Stephen Karam's play about a middle-class family under intense pressures, and not think of all the talk of income inequality and the increasingly beleaguered middle classes.
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" But he held much faith in the country's democracy: "There is one thing which America demonstrates invincibly, and of which I had been in doubt up till now: It is that the middle classes can govern a state.
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In addition to middling wages and the burden of student debt, they have to negotiate a thriving gig economy that provides little security and an urban housing market that has increasingly priced out the working and middle classes.
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But what might make Mr. Trump the savior of the European Union is not only the resentment he provokes among the risk-averse middle classes but also the radicalizing effect his victory is having on populist parties here.
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Frank Appel, chief executive of Deutsche Post DHL Group, a German express-shipping and logistics giant, insists that longer-term fundamental forces, such as the rise of middle classes globally and productivity gains from digitisation, still favour global integration.
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The rich and middle classes remain even freer to indulge their every chemical whim, insulated from the law thanks to their privilege, while poor drug users, exposed to heightened security and police patrols, are jailed for the same offenses.
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Latin America "has transformed itself in the last 20 years, pulling 70 to 80 million people from destitution to the middle classes," building a new market for U.S. goods and creating "really legitimate and credible institutions," according to Schechter.
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At the same time, Trump's tirades against trade deals with nations like China played into a belief among many people that such pacts had hollowed out the American dream, while building middle classes lives for citizens of adversary nations.
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"Once people start to see those bigger paychecks in February, all of this malarkey about this is a give to the rich and it is going to hurt working and middle classes are going to go away," he said.
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We're not going to make any comparisons to previous First Ladies here or anything, but the irony of that set against the backdrop of her husband's promise to help those of the lower and middle classes is...too much.
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This is a story of many people's successes making a more open world and lifting millions of people in other countries, formally developing countries, into middle classes that is somehow threatening the unique world domination of the white male.
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Most recently, Thomas Piketty, a French economist who is the author of "Capital in the Twenty-First Century," has come up with a straightforward answer: Traditional parties of the left no longer represent the working and lower middle classes.
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The Koch network of advocacy and lobbying groups is doing everything it can to block support for EVs, including ad campaigns and talking points characterizing EVs as toys for the elite, paid for by the poor and middle classes.
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While the tax increases for the lower and middle classes are explained by the loss of the $300 tax credit and the inflation adjustment change, for wealthier people the effect is mostly due to the loss of major itemized deductions.
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The Obama administration has made Asia a centerpiece of its larger foreign policy strategy, seeing the region and its burgeoning middle classes as central to future U.S. economic growth: an enormous market for American exports that can create jobs at home.
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The big picture: Most of the worst-case scenarios Burrows envisions are based not on an unexpected event, but on failure to act on entirely foreseeable challenges like struggling middle classes in the West, growing mountains of debt and climate change.
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At the moment, those involved tend to throw into the pot anything that might vaguely count: ecotourism; wild fruits and nuts that can command a premium price; cosmetics made from forest products that appeal to the virtue-signalling middle classes.
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By reframing his discourse around working conditions and wages, Mr Navalny hopes to open up his appeal to a far greater segment of the population than just the urban middle classes, even if he is starting his efforts with government employees.
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There's hope for them if they continue along this path and make the bet that if they let Sanders show the way, they might be able to reconnect with the middle and lower middle classes that abandoned them in this election.
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This type of affected illness was typically only prevalent in the upper and middle classes; people who were poor or lived in rural environments had no time to feign sickness when there were mouths to feed and work to be done.
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As well as holding back financial sector growth and national economies, hefty levels of soured debt pose a particular risk for foreign investors, who have long favoured retail lenders as picks for getting exposure to rising middle classes in emerging markets.
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The middle classes want more autonomy over their personal lives; they want to comment online, even if they are censored or drowned out; many want to help remake their rapidly changing society rather than wait for the government to do so.
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But the Donald Trump era has been clarifying in so many respects, not least in showing that the Republican Party, in league with the upper classes, is engaged in an all-out class war against the working and middle classes.
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One theory is that a younger generation of army officers, drawn from the lower middle classes and bloodied in the fight against home-grown militants who turned on the army, have a more Messianic impulse than older, whisky-swilling generals.
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"The followers of the demagogues mostly came from the old lower-middle classes, now in an unprecedented stage of frustration and fear, menaced by humiliation, dispossession and poverty," Arthur Schlesinger Jr. wrote in "The Politics of Upheaval," published in 1960.
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The media simultaneously blasted both efforts to lower rates — which it worries will negatively impact the lower and middle classes — and also efforts to reduce various deductions, which would result in a higher effective tax rate on the upper class.
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At least until the student movement of 803 (when its dominion over the new middle classes began to crack), the official party was an all-powerful alliance that ran from right to left, with only the extremes on both sides excluded.
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It took four years of austerity – when the problems that have been affecting urban communities for decades started to impact the middle classes in the suburbs – for its message to really resonate with enough people to break into the mainstream.
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They line sprawling avenues and stand on corners of tiny streets like "sidewalk academies where one learns Bohemian life, scorn for the middle classes, humor and how to hold a glass," the French poet Léon-Paul Fargue wrote in 1939.
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In the event, nearly two-thirds of these voters broke for Brexit; an emphatic 212 percent of C2 men, and 59 percent of C2 women, did so, compared with 41 percent among the professional middle-classes (men and women together).
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Throughout the 19th century, the golden age of the bourgeoisie, the middle classes in most parts of the world lived in autocracies — among the few exceptions were Britain and the United States — and didn't always struggle for more political freedom.
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TEHRAN — Riding a large turnout from Iran's urban middle classes, President Hassan Rouhani won re-election in a landslide on Saturday, giving him a mandate to continue his quest to expand personal freedoms and open Iran's ailing economy to global investors.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads Belle Époque-era Paris is often remembered for its thriving demi-monde, thanks to visual and literary culture that idealized the so-called vie bohème, which blatantly scoffed at how the stiff middle classes lived.
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You talk about one of the failures of the food revolution being the way it's "helped stigmatize the foods and bodies associated with the poor," while convincing middle- and upper-middle classes that their dietary choices mean they "deserve" their status.
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Four identical young men in oversized suits stare out at us; their pupils, like shrunken prunes, beseech us with empty gazes, highlighting the apathy of the system and the lack of opportunities available to the lower-middle classes in urban India.
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While it was dominated by the middle classes, who have always been more vocal in their opposition to Chavismo, this week's march was also attended by people from less privileged sectors whose loyalty has been severely tested by the crisis.
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Much of this growth is focused in Asia Pacific and the Middle East as the growing affluent middle classes and their thirst for travel is set to drive 6 percent growth in the $738 billion airline industry over the next few years.
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His promise is to look out for his sort of Americans: decent, law-abiding folk, working men and women, the "forgotten" middle classes who in his telling have been deliberately betrayed by elites who chose to send their jobs abroad for personal gain.
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The notion — maybe best known for being a gag in the 213 movie Spaceballs — is finding a market in China, a country with a crisis-level pollution problem and growing upper and middle classes willing to spend on the finer things in life.
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The economic power of the middle classes helped get them the vote in 1832; the power of industrial workers, though strike action, earned them the vote later on; the mass mobilisation of women in the First World War turned into female suffrage.
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The hollowing out of the middle classes, as salaried workers see their jobs threatened by artificial intelligence and globalisation and their dreams of home ownership destroyed by rising property prices, is increasing the number of people who are sympathetic to Corbyn-style socialism.
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His daughter has dropped much of the anti-Semitism in favour of strong opposition to Muslim immigration, and still stronger attacks on globalisation and the European Union, seen as the major factors in a betrayal of the working and lower middle classes.
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Thomas B. Edsall POTTSTOWN, Pa. — At the moment, Donald J. Trump casts a long shadow over this once-thriving community, where steel mills, furnaces, bridge works, brickyards, textile plants and boiler shops provided steady jobs for the city's working and middle classes.
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Much like the trade in rhino horn and tiger skins, trade in rosewood is driven by demand from China's burgeoning middle classes for goods once reserved for the rich: in this case, hongmu, or "redwood", furniture made in the ornate Qing-dynasty style.
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The white- and blue-collar middle classes each tended to vote Democratic, which made sense: The new middle class's good fortune was the combined product of the New Deal, postwar Keynesian economic policy, the G.I. Bill, organized labor and government-backed mortgages.
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Still, most oil companies, including Exxon Mobil, predict that oil and natural gas prices will recover over the next few years and that demand for those fossil fuels will continue to increase along with growing populations and middle classes in emerging markets.
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The high turnout indicated that plenty of South Bronx residents are receptive to Sanders's message that the country needs policies that raise the lower and middle classes up, but Orlando told me that older people weren't going to be convinced by his arguments.
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Tommy Robinson—the man most likely to revive Britain's network of Islamophobes—made a comeback in 2015 with Pegida UK, the British offshoot of an anti-Muslim, street-based protest movement in Dresden, where it has attracted considerable support from the middle classes.
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Still, the 65-year-old Mr. Ramaphosa is keenly aware that a new generation of South Africans no longer enchanted by the heroic legends of the liberation struggle, along with urban and middle classes frustrated by economic stagnation and ubiquitous corruption, want change.
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But when economic conditions deteriorate to the point of bringing the middle classes to living on less than $2 a month (lower than the average in Haiti) and spreading hunger, the better choice is to fend for yourself or leave the country.
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Tired of waiting for political change, the upper and middle classes opposed to Mr. Maduro have tapped into the foreign savings set aside during Venezuela's oil bonanza of the 2000s, when the government gave citizens billions of dollars at highly subsidized exchange rates.
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As the Democratic Party struggles to regain its once-solid national majority, journalists, academics, commentators, and politicos keep reverting to an irresistible narrative: that the party's commitment to racial equality has alienated it from the white working and middle classes — perhaps irreversibly.
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The idea that the lower and middle classes are being actively blocked is important for Reeves, because one of his key assumption is that the economy as a whole is working well — at least once you get past the choke points guarded by professionals.
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Suggested donations for some of Biden's fundraisers start at $250, while for others, people pay $2,800 each (the maximum an individual can donate to a campaign) to listen to the former vice president talk about his plans to revitalize America's working and middle classes.
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The reasons have ranged from the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe and the opening of borders in the European Union to the growth of middle classes across the developing world and the flight of millions from conflict and poverty.
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Just as he had come to office promising to remember the "forgotten" factory workers and middle classes of America, he now urged other countries to build their own strong economies, societies and families, and not wait for far-off global bureaucracies to save them.
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Nightcap: The latest news and political buzz from CNN Politics | Sign up On factory floors and in school gymnasiums, Clinton pitched her economic vision to union members, teachers and assembly line workers, most of whom described themselves as part of the lower and middle classes.
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There are other factors, including economic growth and emerging middle classes, but with more than 3.8 million people becoming first-time internet users each month — thanks to smartphones — Southeast Asia's 'digital economy' is tipped to more than triple to reach $240 billion by 2025.
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While the market remains relatively small, the demand for pea powder and other emerging protein sources is soaring, from the middle classes in China and the health-conscious in California to livestock producers and fish farmers who need to fatten animals on ever-tighter budgets.
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A study published by the BBC in 2013 showed that little more than a third of British voters belong to the traditional working- and middle-classes; the rest are in new, hybrid categories such as "new affluent workers", "technical middle class" and "emergent service workers".
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The new and old Latin American middle classes are clamoring — at the ballot box, in the streets, on social media — for an end to corruption and violence, but also for the type of welfare state that can reduce inequality, improve public services and raise incomes.
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Many of the underlying causes of this discontent resonate with China's middle classes: concerns about an ageing population, strained health-care resources, the quality and quantity of graduate jobs, high property prices, low pensions, jobs moving offshore and an inability to determine their own future.
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Looking ahead, Chief Executive Theo Spierings said the long term fundamentals for global dairy remain positive with demand expected to increase by two to three per cent a year due to the growing world population, increasing middle classes in Asia, urbanization and favorable demographics.
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Globalism's champions—or apologists, depending on your view—argue that even if it's experiencing a backlash in the U.S. and Europe right now, it's been a great success in poorer nations like China and (to a lesser degree) India, which have built substantial middle classes.
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What's striking is that if current trends continue — particularly growth in Chinese property prices and the general increase in wealth of China's and India's middle classes — UBS and PwC say they expect Asia to outstrip the United States in overall wealth within four years.
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He outwitted rivals who underestimated him, steered a decade-long oil boom that swelled Sudan's middle classes, and forged a network of security forces and armed militias to fight his wars that some likened to a spider's web with Mr. al-Bashir at its center.
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Not only does it cover health care for the poor, it prevents millions of members of the working and middle classes from losing all their savings and falling into bankruptcy when they or their family members become too old, sick or disabled to work.
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"Middle classes and working classes and especially the oldest in your country decided that the recent decades were not in their favor and that the adjustments made by both the EU and globalization… wasn't in their favor," Macron told the BBC about the Brexit vote.
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The country's currency, the rial, has lost around 35 percent of its value since his re-election in May last year, and his popularity has slipped among the middle classes for having failed to achieve some of the economic and social changes he promised.
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Cutting those taxes on the middle classes, cutting the corporate rate, and cutting spending along the way to shrink government, Washington would be spurring growth — more revenue and more in the pockets of citizens to spend as they please — and reducing the cost of governing.
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Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were each casting aspersions upon Nafta as if it were self-evidently a bad deal for American workers, especially for the hollowed-out working and middle classes in the Midwestern states, like Ohio and Michigan, that would decide the election.
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The ebbing tide of the white working and middle classes in America joins its counterpart in Great Britain, the Brexit vote; Marine Le Pen's Front National, in France; and the Alternative für Deutschland party, which has begun to threaten Angela Merkel's centrist coalition in Germany.
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One is the emerging middle classes around the world, just the huge amount of growth in middle-class all over the world with people that have more disposable income and want to travel and see the world and experience their own countries, travel outside their own borders.
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That's certainly a pairing that is worth keeping an eye on as Alibaba aims to enlarge its presence in Southeast Asia, which — with a cumulative population of 600 million people, growing middle classes and rising internet access — is seen as a growth opportunity by Chinese tech companies.
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Beginning in the 1970s, however, as the white working and middle classes, which had been the bulwark of the old party, began to vacate it, it increasingly resembled an hourglass that bulged with working-class minorities at the bottom and upper-middle-class professionals near the top.
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The middle classes, the cultured elite, love the idea that they are taking part in a historic project that will bring peace and prosperity to the Continent, put an end to war, take steps to defend the environment, protect Europeans from superpower ambitions and multinational depredations, etc.
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The hospital's dialysis wards are filled to capacity, and many of the doctor's patients — like the rice mill owner, for example — are paying full price for the services they receive, reflecting the growing wealth of India's middle classes and the dearth of government spending on health care.
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His policies, if enacted, would transfer wealth from the French working and middle classes to the upper class, and would only worsen an austerity crisis that he helped create as a minister in the previous government of Francois Hollande, the most unpopular president in French history.
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The middle classes, who according to David Hume were obsessed neither with pleasure-seeking, as were the rich, nor with meeting basic necessities, as were the poor, and were thus amenable to reason, could be a firm basis for a republic run in the public interest.
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The scholar Diana Kendall, in her book Framing Class: Media Representations of Wealth and Poverty in America, argued that media about the rich tend to make the working and middle classes identify more with the wealthy, and subsequently come to believe that the rich are better people than others.
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Rather, I think they would point to Pahlavi's brutal police state, his perceived fealty to foreign powers, the corruption and Pahlavi excesses that outraged Iranian middle classes, and ultimately internal fissures within Iranian society and state institutions that allowed non-state civil society groups to organize against the state.
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More efficient use of public transport, more car-sharing and more ride-hailing will mean that people who might have bought a car may no longer do so, stifling the growth in vehicle sales that was expected as the middle classes take to the roads in developing countries.
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The Democrats who have successfully countered this divide-and-conquer strategy didn't turn their backs on the civil rights of African Americans or Mexican-Americans, or on a woman's right to choose; rather, they emphasized the fundamental interest in prosperity and peace that unites the working and middle classes.
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Like it or not, controlling immigration is an issue of great importance to the working and lower middle classes residing in the rest of England and Wales whose economic situation is quite different to voters in London; ignore it and you will be punished at the polling booths.
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As ever, success lay in marketing an "illusion of exclusivity": In the near presence of European monarchs, American millionaires and famous actresses (Sarah Bernhardt performed at the opening of the Monte Carlo Opera in 1879), the middle classes were inveigled to dress, behave and spend above their rank.
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And as the middle classes' wages have stagnated, especially for those without college degrees, and the share of foreign-born residents in the US has reached levels not seen since the 1920s (it hit 13.9 percent in 2015), the voting constituency for anti-immigration populism has grown considerably.
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As early as 1842, the German revolutionary poet Heinrich Heine, then exiled in Paris, observed that the politics of the middle classes were "motivated by fear," as they were all too willing to give up their ideals of liberty to protect their socioeconomic position from the lower classes.
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The protests started as a demonstration against Macron's carbon tax policy and planned fuel tax increases but they have morphed into wider anti-government protests and discontent at Macron's leadership, rising living costs, his economic reforms and what many protesters say is Macron's neglect of the working and middle-classes.
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He drew Iran's disengaged cosmopolitan middle classes, women, Iranian exiles and marginalised ethnic and religious minorities to the ballot box with denunciations of his opponents as people who "shame freedom" and "only executed and jailed, cut out tongues and sewed mouths shut...and banned the pen and banned the picture".
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These are all signs of bets that have gone wrong: that the domestic economy would remain robust, allowing demand from this city state of 4003 million people to stay strong, and that retail splurges by visitors from the rising middle classes in China, India and Southeast Asia would keep increasing.
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But the rich getting richer doesn't preclude the poor getting richer too, and while the middle classes in the US and Europe have seen less income growth than either the poorest people in developing countries or the richest people on earth, the world's progress against extreme poverty is real and notable.
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This will expose deep divisions within his party: between Remain-supporting middle-classes and the Leave-supporting workers; between Labour's high command and the bulk of its activists; and between Mr Corbyn, who dislikes the idea of another vote, and his chancellor, John McDonnell, who is more open to it.
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Despite his tendency to babble and digress, Trump did repeatedly hit four themes in his campaign that comprised a coherent white nationalist populism: a unilateralist foreign policy, immigration restriction, trade protectionism, and a defense of the entitlement programs most popular with the white working and middle classes (Medicare and Social Security).
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Atlanta has one of the worst wealth gaps in the US had in 2017David Sjoquist, a professor in Georgia State University's Fiscal Research Center, found that Atlanta has one of the smallest middle classes among 50 major US cities, he told Stephanie Stokes of WABE, NPR's local Atlanta radio station.
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There's a bit of give and take, too: Even if unions do depress economic growth to a small extent, that could be worth the cost if it guarantees that the remaining growth benefits the lower and middle classes, instead of the super wealthy, to an extent that is not true today.
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The protests that began last autumn were originally over a gasoline tax, but morphed into a larger collective outcry over declining living standards that many average French people complained were rooted in high taxes, while the upper-middle classes in the big cities, let alone the rich, were doing just fine.
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Many supporters of Bernie SandersBernie SandersThe Hill's Morning Report - Trump takes unexpected step to stem coronavirus Democrats start hinting Sanders should drop out Coronavirus disrupts presidential campaigns MORE think that only big ideas can address the severity of the challenges facing the working and middle classes in our country today.
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" While there is little chance of that plan succeeding, analysts say, suggesting a referendum could perhaps help Mr. Rouhani regain popularity among the middle classes who have become cynical over his inability to deliver on years of promises of a more open and transparent economy and greater personal freedoms. "Mr.
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Much of this growth comes from the tourism sector as visitor numbers have surged, increasing for the past decade at around 11 percent per year, in part due to fears about turmoil in Turkey and the Middle East, as well as increased tourism from the newly wealthy Asian middle classes.
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Rather than joining with political opponents to create a unified country through compromise, Republicans have exploited fear of change to drive Americans against one another for political gain while taking advantage of the resulting human anxiety to drive wealth to the top and suffering to the lower and middle classes.
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Thomas B. Edsall The 2016 election deepened the chasm between those voters who believe that the government should address the problems of the poor and those who are convinced that the government already provides disadvantaged minorities with too much help, at the expense of the white working and middle classes.
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HARF: So I think when you or other people use the term "socialism," it&aposs an easy way to get out of the conversation about how to make sure that there are people in the lower middle classes that are able to make more money, to better afford college or health care.
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In point of fact, no — our corporate taxes are among the very highest in the industrialized world, make us uncompetitive and incentivize our companies to bolt; our regulation is stifling expansion and job-creation; and free trade policies have played their role, along with offshoring and automation, in hollowing-out our middle classes.
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Consider the central role of the middle classes in the great bourgeois revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries (mainly in the Atlantic world), of the mid-20173th century (mainly in Europe), and the early 20th century (mainly in Asia), all of which sought to limit the powers of monarchs.
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While street-level cocaine dealers selling bags to homeless users might end up selling deals that have become cross-contaminated with fentanyl and heroin in bagging-up dens, those zipping in and out of bars and universities to deliver "premium" powder to the middle classes are unlikely to be in the heroin selling game.
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And they are almost always issues of the economy, issues of how to make our middle classes successful, how to bring the people who entrusted us with the responsibility of building an economy that actually includes everyone, and that brings back people who feel they were left out of it, and we find common ground on those challenges.
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DAVID HOWARTHProfessor of law and public policyUniversity of Cambridge The fact that Imran Khan is equally popular among "urban and often secular middle classes" in Pakistan as well as "rural conservatives" is so painful and unpalatable to The Economist that you go to any extent to malign our prime minister ("Tales of self-harm", January 12th).
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If we go back to the growth of democracy in 19th century Britain, one can see the gradual extension of the franchise through the reform acts; broadly speaking to the middle classes in 1832, to the better-off urban workers in 1867; agricultural workers in 1884; and to all other men (and women over 30) in 1918.
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"I think people are very positive about its future and that's driven by what I call the mega-trends in demographics: The increase in population particularly in Asia, the growing middle classes, the increase in urbanization -- all that is driving a greater demand for gas, " Frydenberg said on the sidelines of an industry conference in Perth.
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It's up to us to take a long-term, truly global view, and develop a strategy by which deficit nations can address their fiscal problems, attack inequality by boosting the incomes of the working and middle classes, and establish a world order where surplus nations can no longer use "beggar my neighbor" policies to export unemployment to deficit nations.
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The new tax bill, in addition to imposing a tax increase on the working and middle classes over time, allows for private school parents to take up to $10,000 a year from tax-free 529 savings accounts to pay tuition, while capping the deduction for state and local taxes at $10,000, which reduces public school funding.
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However, for the middle and upper-middle classes, earning less than $500,000 federal taxes are burdensome, they limit a household's ability save, buy large items, such as cars and refrigerators, buy a larger home, invest more in their retirement and fuel the stock market and make those Wall Street hacks more to ram through their loophole.
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"In an economy like ours that is 70% consumer demand driven, putting more money into the hands of those in the lower and middle classes, who will spend it on basic, daily needs rather than stuff it away in an offshore bank account, is not only the smart thing to do but it's the right thing to do," she said.
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As Dick Durbin once said, the banks "frankly own the place," meaning Washington, D.C. If Clinton were president, this would likely have remained the status quo, but with Trump in the Oval Office, Democrats are under pressure to reorient themselves as the party of the working and middle classes and minorities, rather than that of the financial and technological elite.
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Both of these centers of free markets, free people and free ideas are being shaken today by rural and beyond-the-suburbs insurgencies of largely white working-poor and anxious middle classes, which have not generally benefited from the surges in globalization, immigration and technology that have lifted superstar cities like London, Paris and San Francisco and their multicultural populations.
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Over the course of the modern period, as the rural and urban middle classes emerged as an increasingly powerful social group between the aristocracy and the peasants and workers, they began to challenge the powers and privileges of the old, entrenched authoritarian elites, fighting for the protection of private property, freedom of speech, constitutional rights and democratic participation, and the rule of law.
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As the Democratic Party in the United States and social democratic parties in Europe shifted their interest away from economic policies, hard-pressed members of the working and middle classes — suffering from stagnant or declining wages and lost jobs — led "a backlash against the cultural changes linked with the rise of Postmaterialist and Self-expression values," Inglehart and Norris write.
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In my view, this age of protest is driven, in part, by the fact that the three largest forces on the planet — globalization, Moore's law and Mother Nature — are all in acceleration, creating an engine of disruption that is stressing strong countries and middle classes and blowing up weak ones, while superempowering individuals and transforming the nature of work, leadership and government all at once.
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What you will find on Rigga Road instead are a cosmopolitan collection of Asia and Africa's emerging and aspiring middle classes, enjoying an evening stroll amid Western fast food restaurants, Lebanese and Iraqi kabob joints, a mid-range shopping mall (this is Dubai, of course), some fading three star hotels, and a smattering of hair salons with names like Addis Ladies Salon and Diva.
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As industrialized nations like Brazil and China continue to grow, and their middle classes continue to expand, and in the wake of the U.S. rejection of the Paris Agreement, it is more vital than ever for smaller nations like Chile — who are often the ones to bear the brunt of coastal damage from climate change — to work toward preserving the environment while maintaining forward economic momentum.
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It had been among the white working and lower-middle classes that many of the social changes stemming from the introduction of new rights — civil rights for minorities, reproductive and workplace rights for women, constitutional protections for the criminally accused, immigration opportunities for those from developing countries, free-speech rights to pornographers, and the surfacing of highly visible homosexual communities — have been most deeply resisted.
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In "Amusing Ourselves to Death," the American media critic Neil Postman in fact argued that Huxley's novel was far more relevant than Orwell's when it came to the United States, where the dominant mode of control over people was through entertainment, distraction, and superficial pleasure rather than through overt modes of policing and strict control over food supplies, at least when it came to managing the middle classes.
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None of those epithets, however, really captures what it is: a class of career officials (incidentally, perhaps one of the last functional middle classes in American life) who—nonelected and nonappointed—serve or work in government, either at one of the independent agencies (from the CIA and NSA to the IRS, the FCC, and so on) or at one of the executive departments (State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, and the like).
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The Russian-born North Korean-studies scholar Andrei Lankov believes that, unlike the upper-middle classes whose discontent with the system played such a pivotal role in the Soviet Union's downfall, the donju fear that the collapse of the North Korean government and subsequent reunification of the Korean Peninsula would mean having to compete with the global economic behemoths of South Korea, leaving the Northerners with second-class status, or worse.
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" During his time there, he learns something of the history of Tulsa from his hosts, including "the riots that occurred in 1921," which he relates in precise and tormenting detail: There was a vibrant black community in a part of town called Greenwood (One of those thriving middle classes, I suppose), so prosperous with its Banks and businesses and homes that it was called "the Negro Wall Street.
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The consequences are still coming to light, particularly the political ones: the rejection of the elite in favor of the so called "common people"; the tremendous crisis of the middle classes, the cornerstone of our liberal democracies, the rejection of moderates in favor of extremists, with their simplistic solutions for a complex world; the rejection of "experts" in favor of more or less ubiquitous obscurantism that is challenging knowledge, science and progress.
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