Similarly, a phenomenon known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shunts warm temperatures from the Gulf of Mexico to Europe.
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Scientists say a long-term pattern of climate variability called the Atlantic meridional mode helps determine the level of hurricane activity.
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The ocean current system in the Atlantic Ocean, called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), is responsible for western Europe's warm temperatures.
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The most dangerous tipping point, in Lenton's view, is the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is its own category of catastrophe.
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This system, called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), moves ocean water north and south in the Atlantic and mixes surface water with that from deep below.
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Called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation or AMOC, this current shuttles warm water from south to north, keeping temperatures in the North Atlantic from plummeting during the winter.
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In particular, the study adds to the growing concern in the scientific community about a slowdown in a current known as the Atlantic-Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC.
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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a conveyor belt of ocean currents that move warm, salty surface waters northward and colder, deeper water southward, is in the news again.
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The Gulf of Maine lies at the intersection of several major ocean currents, including the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which moves dense, cold water down and toward the equator.
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In particular, there's a great deal of interest in what happens when a conveyor belt of currents known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slow down or speed up.
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The current is called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and it's like a conveyer belt that brings warm water from the tropics to the the cooler reaches of the North Atlantic.
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For decades, scientists have turned to the Labrador Sea to understand how ocean processes there may be affecting the strength of a massive oceanic conveyor belt known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
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A more novel idea of what's behind the increase in blockbuster East Coast snowstorms is the slowing down of the Gulf Stream current, which is formally known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).
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Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), is a global circulation process that sends cold water to the surface and warm water to the depths of the sea around the globe, which helps regulate salt levels around the globe.
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Es probable que se hayan perdido grandes cantidades del bandicut marrón meridional y la rata canguro de patas largas, una especie de ualabí (marsupiales de Oceanía) cuyo hábitat ha sido destruido en su totalidad por los fuegos.
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Some researchers say the increase may be linked to the weakening of two Atlantic Ocean currents, the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, as ice melts more quickly in places like Greenland, sending more fresh water into salty seas.
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Examples of such unforeseen changes include a shutting down or dramatic slowing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, of which the Gulf Stream is a part, as well as the loss of huge portions of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets.
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My first trip to Albi came in 22001, with my college girlfriend, and I found a bustling, jewel-like city that took its ochre-red color from bricks that had been used since the Middle Ages and echoed the hot, meridional sun.
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Durante esta visita, se esperaba que Xi anunciara nuevas medidas para integrar más a Macao a un ambicioso proyecto llamado el Área de la Gran Bahía, destinado a establecer vínculos entre las ciudades principales donde el río Perla se junta con el mar de la China Meridional.
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We are concerned that global warming, amplified by feedbacks from polar ice melt, methane release from permafrost, and extensive fires, may become irreversible, including the possible collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a crucial component of the global climate system that transfers heat from the tropics to the North Atlantic.
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The system, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), brings warm, salty water north from the Gulf of Mexico to the North Atlantic -- the Gulf Stream -- where it releases its heat atmospherically before sinking to the depths of the ocean, and traveling south to the Antarctic, where it starts its journey again.
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This pattern can buckle and thus become a meridional flow.
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These complexes can exist in facial and meridional isomers, both of which are chiral.
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File:Grigory Gagarin. Daghestan meridional. Fort de Kazy-Koumoukh B.JPG File:Лакский Кумух (фото1).jpg File:Лакский Кумух (фото2).
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For phonological comparisons of Quebec French, Belgian French, Meridional French, and Metropolitan French, see French phonology.
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Inhabitants of 350x350px The Javanese presence in Australia has been reported by native Southeast Asian and European people over several centuries. The most renowned record is from the itinerary of Chiaymasiouro, king of Demak, and Declaraçam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay by Manuel Godinho de Eredia. Chiaymasiouro describes a land called Luca Antara in Southeast direction of Java, which Eredia coined the term India Meridional (Meridional India - Southern/South India).de Eredia (1613). p. 61-62.
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Planes that include the optical axis are meridional planes. It is common to simplify problems in radially-symmetric optical systems by choosing object points in the vertical ("y") plane only. This plane is then sometimes referred to as the meridional plane. The second special plane is the sagittal plane.
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In the analysis of these systems, it is common to consider tangential rays (as defined above), and rays in a meridional plane (a plane containing the optic axis) perpendicular to the tangential plane. This plane is called either the sagittal meridional plane or, confusingly, just the sagittal plane.
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Meridional French (), also referred to as Francitan, is a regional variant of the French language. Widely spoken in Occitania, it is strongly influenced by Occitan. There are speakers of Meridional French in all generations; however, the accent is most marked among the elderly, who often speak Occitan as their first language.
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A zonal region on the globe Zonal and meridional flow are directions and regions of fluid flow on a globe. Zonal flow follows a pattern along latitudinal lines, latitudinal circles or in the west–east direction. Meridional flow follows a pattern from north to south, or from south to north, along the Earth's longitude lines, longitudinal circles (meridian) or in the north–south direction. These terms are often used in the atmospheric and earth sciences to describe global phenomena, such as "meridional wind", or "zonal average temperature".
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The propagation of light through optical fibre can take place via meridional rays or skew rays. These skew rays suffer only partial reflection while meridional rays are completely guided. Thus the modes allowing propagation of skew rays are called leaky modes. Some optical power is lost into clad due to these modes.
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The meridional serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus) is a species of bat found in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.
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Marshall, John, and Kevin Speer. "Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling." Nature Geoscience 5.3 (2012): 171.
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Meridional French (French: français méridional) is the regional variant of the French spoken in Occitania. It is strongly influenced by Occitan.
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Liu, Wei, et al. "Overlooked possibility of a collapsed Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in warming climate." Science advances 3.1 (2017): e1601666.
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Three decades of research on the greater Agulhas Current. Ocean Sci. Discuss., 3, 939–995The Agulhas Current retroflection (2007), Related Papers, South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SA MOC) workshops, Physical Oceanography Division (PhOD), Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic & Atmostpheric Administration. South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation workshop related papersBang, N. D. and F. C. Pearce (1970) Hydrological data.
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Cunningham SA, Kanzow T, Rayner D, et al. 2007. Temporal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N. Science 317:935.
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VOTEC did not have an airline affinity program. Brasil Central and TAM Meridional were part of TAM Regional Frequent Flyer program Programa Fidelidade.
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By contrast, the three ligands in the meridional isomer were chemically unequivalent, so the DFT-calculated peak of each carbon atom showed splittings.
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Declaraçam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay by Manuel Godinho de Eredia (1613), described what he called "Meridional India". In his book he relates about the voyage of Chiaymasiouro (or Chiay Masiuro), king of Damuth (Demak) in Java, to a Southern land called Luca Antara (or Lucaantara).Luca antara: i.e. Nusa antara, the southern land which Eredia claims to have discovered.
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Companhia Meridional de Transportes was a Brazilian airline founded in 1944. In 1946, following the death of its owner on an air-crash, the airline went bankrupt.
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Himenópteros de la América Meridional, Anales del Museo Nacional, t. XIV, pág. 35, 1913. 61\. Description d´un Pandeleteius nouveau de Buenos Aires, Revista Physis, 2, pág.
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The Spanish painted frog (Discoglossus jeanneae, in Spanish sapillo pintojo meridional) is a species of frog in the family Alytidae (formerly Discoglossidae). It is endemic to Spain.
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The song "Kill More Presidents" did not make the final cut for the album. It was the first track that Norma Jean had demoed for Meridional, and the band had grown tired of it. A newer version of the song with an entirely new ending had been recorded with the intent to release it at a later time. In April 2010, Cory Brandon created and released a promotional video for Meridional.
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"The action of inexorable meridional circulation on a stellar magnetic field". The Astrophysical Journal. 292:578-588.. Bibcode:1985ApJ...292..578R.. doi:10.1086/163190.Peckover, R. S. (1972).
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The servant behind him carried a parasol. Several men is wearing turbans, which may indicate that they are muslims, but the women did not cover their head like muslim do (it needs to be noted that, this custom of muslim women not wearing a veil in Indonesia is quite common until after World War 2). In the background are several raised wooden huts, also a feature of Indonesian building. It is unknown whether these huts are for dwelling or serve as a temporary shelter for people working on the orchard. Declaraçam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay by Manuel Godinho de Eredia (1613), described what he called India Meridional (Meridional India - Southern/South India).
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This general motion of atmospheric flow is known as "zonal". Where this general trend is the main steering influence of an extratropical cyclone, it is known as a "zonal flow regime". When the general flow pattern buckles from a zonal pattern to the meridional pattern, a slower movement in a north or southward direction is more likely. Meridional flow patterns feature strong, amplified troughs and ridges, generally with more northerly and southerly flow.
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Johns et al. (2009) concluded that the meridional heat transport was highly correlated with changes in the strength of the MOC with the circulation accounting for nearly 90% of the total heat transport and the remainder contained in a quasi-stationary gyre pattern with little net contribution by mesoscale eddies. The average annual mean meridional heat transport from 2004-2007 was reported by Johns et al. (2009) to be 1.33 ± 0.14 petawatts (PW).
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It was later sold through digital media sources such as iTunes or Amazon.com, and became the band's first single released separately from one of their albums. Musically, the song was considered similar to Norma Jean's 2008 album The Anti Mother, despite previously claiming that Meridional would be a return to the group's roots. Meridional was made available for pre-order in June 2010 with a few different packages available containing various assortments of band merchandise.
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Mills (1930). p. 3. In part 1 "Concerning the Meridional India" Eredia mentioned that the Meridional India consist of the mainland called Lucach, which has a peninsula named Beach, and a country called Lucaantara (or Luca Antara). In the east of Lucaantara is two small island Agania and Necuran, and a larger island called Java Minor. To the west is Angaman Minor or Luca Tambini (island of women), and Angaman Major or Lucapiatto.
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The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes through the axis are called meridional sections. Any meridional section can be considered to be the generatrix in the plane determined by it and the axis. The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes that are perpendicular to the axis are circles. Some special cases of hyperboloids (of either one or two sheets) and elliptic paraboloids are surfaces of revolution.
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Katz, 1992 Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Niño drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic.
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"Judge Albert Tate Has Qualified For Supreme Court Post", Abbeville Meridional (June 25, 1970), p. 2. He served as an Associate Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from 1970 to 1979.
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Srokosz, M. A., and H. L. Bryden. "Observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation yields a decade of inevitable surprises." Science 348.6241 (2015): 1255575.Roberts, C. D., L. Jackson, and D. McNeall.
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Upper Navarrese (sometimes called High Navarrese) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken in the Navarre ( or Nafarroa Garaia) community of Spain, as established by linguist Louis Lucien Bonaparte in his famous 1869 map. He actually distinguished two dialects: Meridional (area of Pamplona and south) and Septentrional. However, the southern varieties became extinct early in the 20th century mainly after becoming absorbed by Northern Spanish or Aragonese. So documentation of the Meridional subgroup is rendered impossible.
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Luca Tambini: Nusa (island) + Bini (female, women). Lucapiatto: Nusa (island) + Piatu (desolate). The lontares (lontar leaf texts) and annals of Java mention Meridional India and its commerce and trade. In Report of Meridional India (1610) Eredia mentioned that in ancient times merchants carried on extensive intercourse and trade from Luca Antara with Java. This trade and commerce was destroyed for a period of 331 years, it ceased on account of wars and conflicts between the states.
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A typical example of meridional gothic architecture, the church is the centerpoint of local historical interest and its cloister has been reconstructed stone by stone at The Cloisters museum in New York City.
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The Sverdrup balance, or Sverdrup relation, is a theoretical relationship between the wind stress exerted on the surface of the open ocean and the vertically integrated meridional (north-south) transport of ocean water.
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Albert Defant,1922. Die meridionale Temperaturverteilung auf der Erde und der Massenaustausch zwischen Äquator und Pol. Meteor. Z.(The meridional distribution of temperature on the earth and the mass exchange between equator and pole).
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Climate Dynamics, 25(7-8), 725–738. Iwi, A. M., Hermanson, L., Haines, K., & Sutton, R. T. (2012). Mechanisms Linking Volcanic Aerosols to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Journal of Climate, 25(8), 3039–3051.
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Activity near normal was expected west of 60°E. MFR also predicted that the motion of cyclones during the season would have a stronger meridional component than normal, having a tendency to track south quickly.
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The Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID or MOCHA) program is a collaborative research project between the National Oceanography Centre (Southampton, U.K.), the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), and NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) that measure the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and ocean heat transport in the North Atlantic Ocean.University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). 2009. Cruise Report, November 21-December 6, 2009. RRS Discovery Cruise No. D345.
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Meridional is the fifth studio album by American metalcore band Norma Jean. The album was released on July 12, 2010, and is also the band's first release through Razor & Tie since leaving Solid State Records in 2009. After recording their two previous studio albums, The Anti Mother and Redeemer, with producer Ross Robinson, Norma Jean selected Jeremy Griffith to produce Meridional in order to expand their sound. It is the last album to feature guitarist Scottie Henry, bassist Jake Schultz and drummer Chris Raines.
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Altitudes range from . The park is in the Serras do Espinhaço Meridional. It forms part of the watershed between the Jequitinhonha River and São Francisco River, which it feeds from about 600 springs. Average annual rainfall is .
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This battery was manned by British Army regulars, as well as colonial militia until the mid-19th century. In 1809 an Act of the Legislative Assembly was passed to establish a meridional line for surveyors in the colony. In 1820, three commissioners reported to Governor Charles Douglass Smith their calculations of magnetic declination and placed stone markers to this effect in a field cleared immediately north of the Prince Edward Battery. In 1846 additional markers were placed at right angles to the meridional lines (by another Act of the Legislative Assembly).
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Topographic map of the Nordic Seas and subpolar basins with schematic circulation of surface currents (solid curves) and deep currents (dashed curves) that form a portion of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Colors of curves indicate approximate temperatures. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the zonally-integrated component of surface and deep currents in the Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by a northward flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the Atlantic, and a southward flow of colder, deep waters that are part of the thermohaline circulation.
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Note that the meridional circulation is much lower than the zonal circulation, which transports heat between the day and night sides of the planet All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection. Hot air rises in the equatorial zone, where solar heating is concentrated and flows to the poles. Such an almost-planetwide overturning of the troposphere is called Hadley circulation. However, the meridional air motions are much slower than zonal winds. The poleward limit of the planet-wide Hadley cell on Venus is near ±60° latitudes.
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Meridional is the term used historically in astronomy, generally by countries whose language is rooted in Latin, to describe a southern direction on the celestial globe. The title, when it was originally thought up by the band, was intended to be a tongue-in- cheek reference to Norma Jean's southern roots. The group is based the southern regions of the United States, specifically in Douglasville, Georgia. However, according to Cory Brandon, the title later fit together with the story and theme of Meridional, and also ties in with the artwork.
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Meridional was released on July 12, 2010 in the UK and on July 13 in the US. The release date coincided with the start of the 2010 Mayhem Festival featuring Norma Jean and headlined by Korn and Rob Zombie. During the week of release for Meridional, Norma Jean/Razor & Tie released a promotional television advertisement for the album. The ad used clips from the music video for "Deathbed Atheist" in addition to quotes from various professional reviews praising the album. The full music video for "Deathbed Atheist" was officially released on July 21, 2010.
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Secondly, atmospheric circulation works in a way to limit the effects of high latitude eruptions. A tropical eruption that pumps aerosol into the stratosphere results in localized heating. This increases the temperature difference in the middle atmosphere between the equator and high latitudes, and thereby enhances meridional air flows that spread aerosol into both hemispheres, promoting climate forcing at a worldwide scale. In contrast, volcanic aerosol injected into the stratosphere from high latitude volcanoes will tend to have the opposite effect on the temperature gradient, acting to stagnate meridional air flow.
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It was later added to the Best Buy version of the album as a bonus track. Originally revealed in an April 2010 studio blog post, the B-side "Distance to Planets" was released as an iTunes Meridional bonus track.
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During the Younger Dryas, the Southeastern United States was warmer and wetter than the region had been during the Pleistocene because of trapped heat from the Caribbean within the North Atlantic Gyre caused by a weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC).
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Surfaces on which the invariants \xi, \rho, \theta are constant. Plotted in principal stress space. The red plane represents a meridional plane and the yellow plane an octahedral plane. Lode coordinates (z,r,\theta) or Haigh–Westergaard coordinates (\xi,\rho,\theta).
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Prior to becoming a joint-stock company in 1988, MER MEC was known as Meridional Meccanica, which began in the 1960s. Meridional Meccanica began making railway maintenance vehicles in the early 1980s and after incorporating focused all of its attention to the railway market. In the early 1990s MER MEC, in cooperation with the main Italian research institutes, developed an opto-electronic system for the automatic inspection of railway infrastructure conditions. The 1990s also saw the prototype of the ROGER vehicle which is an acronym for Rilievo Ottico Geometria Rotaia, Italian for optical rail geometry control.
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Satellite picture by alt= Caviana Meridional, the Ilha Caviana Meridional, elonging to the Marajó Archipelago, it is located opposite the north coast of Marajó Island in the delta lowlands at the mouth of the Amazon in the state of Pará, Brazil. The island forms part of the low-lying marajó várzea, the inundated land in and around the mouth of the Amazon River. The island is an excellent place to observe the tidal bore called the pororoca, where the Amazon river waters meet the incoming Atlantic tides and form a standing wave, and is a birdwatchers' haven.
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A related type of isomerism in octahedral MX3Y3 complexes is facial–meridional (or fac/mer) isomerism, in which different numbers of ligands are cis or trans to each other. Metal carbonyl compounds can be characterized as "fac" or "mer" using infrared spectroscopy.
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The holotype (type specimen) of S. azureaplaneta was collected in the South Atlantic from the RRS James Clark Ross research vessel whilst on the 18th Atlantic Meridional Transect research cruise in 2008. The specimens are housed in the Natural History Museum, London.
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"Is the 2004–2012 reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation significant?." Geophysical Research Letters 41.9 (2014): 3204–3210. While observations of Labrador Sea outflow showed no negative trend from 1997–2009, this period is likely an atypical and weakened state.Fischer, Jürgen, et al.
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32, 2005 During an ENSO warm event, the sea level pressure is lower than normal over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific and greater than normal over the tropical Atlantic. This leads to a diminished, meridional pressure gradient in both basins, consistent with a reduction in the background easterly wind flow. The decrease of meridional pressure gradient is enhanced by a low pressure center that develops during the boreal winter over the southwestern N. Atlantic, resulting, thus, to a lagged (by about one season with respect to the tropical Pacific SST maximum) maximum warming of the northern hemisphere tropical Atlantic during the boreal spring.A. Giannini et al.
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This pattern is responsible for most instances of extreme weather, as not only are storms stronger in this type of flow regime, but temperatures can reach extremes as well, producing heat waves and cold waves depending on the equator-ward or poleward direction of the flow. "Meridional" is also used to describe the axis close to the chain orientation in a polymer fiber, while the term "equatorial" is used to describe the direction normal to the fiber axis. For vector fields (such as wind velocity), the zonal component (or x-coordinate) is denoted as u, while the meridional component (or y-coordinate) is denoted as v.
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The government then divided the country into 28 'Meridional Circuits' each of which had a known point that other locations could be measured from. The Circuits were further divided into Survey Districts. This system worked well except for surveys that needed to work across neighboring Circuits.
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Frajka-Williams et al. 2017 pointed out that recent changes in cooling of the subpolar gyre, warm temperatures in the subtropics and cool anomalies over the tropics, increased the spatial distribution of meridional gradient in sea surface temperatures, which is not captured by the AMO Index.
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A fixed meridional ring on its own can be used as an analemma calendar sundial, which can be read only at noon. When the shadow of the rings are aligned so that they appear to be in the same, or nearly the same, place, the meridian identifies itself.
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Others are members of gelatinous zooplankton such as Beroe ctenophores and various Scyphozoa (jellyfish). The comb jelly has the capacity for self- fertilization, as they are hermaphroditic. They have gonads that contain the ovary and spermatophore bunches in their gastrodermis. It carries 150 eggs along each meridional canal.
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Félix de Azara was born on May 18, 1746, in Barbunales, Aragon.Félix de Azara, Viajes por la américa meridional (Buenos Aires: El Elefante Blanco, 1998), 1:11. He joined the army and attended a Spanish military academy. He was commissioned as an engineer, distinguishing himself on various expeditions.
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Results from a number of modeling studies suggest that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is enhanced by the volcano activities.Jones, G. S., Gregory, J. M., Stott, P. a., Tett, S. F. B., & Thorpe, R. B. (2005). An AOGCM simulation of the climate response to a volcanic super-eruption.
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All proxies included are useful in inferring the behavior of the meridional overturning circulation. For example, McManus et al. [2004] used protactinium/thorium isotopes (231Pa and 230Th) to show that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation had been nearly (or completely) shut off during the last glacial period. 231Pa and 230Th are both formed from the radioactive decay of dissolved uranium in seawater, with 231Pa able to remain supported in the water column longer than 230Th: 231Pa has a residence time ~100–200 years while 230Th has one ~20–40 years. In today's Atlantic Ocean and current overturning circulation, 230Th transport to the Southern Ocean is minimal due to its short residence time, and 231Pa transport is high.
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Each mode is characterized by four numbers: the zonal wave number n, positive for class 1 waves and negative for class 2 waves (their meridional structures becoming increasingly complex with increasing number n), a meridional wave number m, the eigenvalue, and the period, in our case one solar or lunar day, respectively. The modes are labeled as (m, n). Even numbers of n correspond to waves symmetric with respect to the equator, and odd numbers corresponding to antisymmetric waves. At thermospheric heights, dissipation of atmospheric waves becomes significant so that at above about 150 km altitude, all wave modes gradually become external waves, and the Hough functions degenerate to spherical harmonics; e.g.
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Cetacea in the strait :Is the most meridional national park of Europe. :Its location at the southernmost point of mainland Spain, and of mainland Europe, at the point where the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea meet in the Strait of Gibraltar, places it on the migratory route for many birds.
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When recovered he resumed work on the Indus survey, which was completed in 1860, and he was afterwards employed in the Jogi Tila meridional series. In 1860 he again served under Sir Neville Chamberlain in the expedition against the Mahsud Waziris, and was present at the attack of the Barara Tanai.
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6, 1962. OCLC 39063331Smith, Thomas R. The Juan De La Cruz Cano Map of South America, 1771-1775; the Internal Evidence of Its States and Publications. S.l, n.d.. OCLC 84373402Vázquez, de A. I. Don Juan De La Cruz, Su Mapa De América Meridional (1775) Y Las Fronteras Del Reino De Chile.
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Le is a french indefinite article equivalent to the in english. Caylar is an old meridional word meaning castle. Therefore, Le Caylar means The Castle. The long form of the commune, Le-Caylar-en-Larzac, means The castle in Larzac, Larzac being the name of the plateau the commune is situated on.
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The house is oriented in the meridional direction, with the dimensions of to . It was originally painted yellow, but was repainted white during Stevenson's lifetime. In the center, there is a two-floor block, with two one- floor blocks at the sides. The interior is minimalistic as well, conforming to the International style.
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3D image of an iridium diphosphine pincer complex. In chemistry, a transition metal pincer complex is a type of coordination complex with a pincer ligand. Pincer ligands are chelating agents that binds tightly to three adjacent coplanar sites in a meridional configuration.The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds; Morales-Morales, D.; Jensen, C., Eds.
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In most places that have tropical wet and dry climates, however, the dry season occurs during the time of lower sun and shorter days because of reduction of or lack of convection, which in turn is due to the meridional shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the entire course of the year.
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Antipolo is in the northern half of Rizal Province, close to its meridional center. It is located on the slopes of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. Much of the city sits on a plateau averaging 200 meters. It has the second-largest city area in the province, with an area of 156.68 km².
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Volcanic signals in oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(D16), 1–13. However, in the subsurface ocean the cooling signal may persist for a longer time and may have impacts on some decadal variabilities, such as the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC).Church, J. a, White, N. J., & Arblaster, J. M. (2005).
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Hiram R. Lott (born in Covington County, Mississippi on April 4, 1829; died on June 2, 1895 Managua) was a Louisiana politician who served as a State Senator and later became Lieutenant Governor. He had an interest in a Nicaragua CanalObituary in the Abbeville Meridional and became consul to Nicaragua. He died in Managua.
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Meridional was founded in 1944 and on October 4, 1945 started operating regular flights within the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. On December 19, 1945 one of its aircraft crashed killing all occupants, including the pilot and owner of the airline Álvaro Araújo. Months later, in March 1946, the airline declared bankruptcy.
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The Cromwell Current (also called Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent or just Equatorial Undercurrent) is an eastward-flowing subsurface current that extends the length of the equator in the Pacific Ocean. The Cromwell Current was discovered in 1952Cromwell, Townsend (1953). "Circulation in a meridional plane in the central equatorial Pacific." Journal of Marine Research 12 196-213.
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Rotational symmetry greatly simplifies the analysis of optical systems, which otherwise must be analyzed in three dimensions. Rotational symmetry allows the system to be analyzed by considering only rays confined to a single transverse plane containing the optical axis. Such a plane is called a meridional plane; it is a cross-section through the system.
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TiCl3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride. Older reduction methods used hydrogen: :2 TiCl4 \+ H2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl3 It is conveniently reduced with aluminium and sold as a mixture with aluminium trichloride, TiCl3·AlCl3. This mixture can be separated to afford TiCl3(THF)3. The complex adopts a meridional structure.
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The underlying mechanism that causes differential rotation is turbulent convection inside a star. Convective motion carries energy toward the surface through the mass movement of plasma. This mass of plasma carries a portion of the angular velocity of the star. When turbulence occurs through shear and rotation, the angular momentum can become redistributed to different latitudes through meridional flow.
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The Atlantic is set to warm at a faster pace than the Pacific. This has consequences for Europe and the U.S. East Coast, which received a sea level rise 3–4 times the global average. The downturn of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been also tied to extreme regional sea level rise on the US Northeast Coast.
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For this reason, the dialects of the southern half of the country, known collectively as castellano meridional or Southern Castilian, seem collectively to show a higher degree of preference for Arabisms. Northern Spanish dialects tend to prefer Romance synonyms to terms of Arabic origin, such as the Romance calendario vs. Arabic almanaque, hucha vs. alcancía, espliego vs.
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MEI is determined as the first principal component of six different parameters: sea level pressure, zonal and meridional components of the surface wind, sea surface temperature, surface air temperature and cloudiness using data from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS ).Wolter, Klaus. "Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI)." NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Division.
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Winter precipitation comes in a few different forms. Snow is the main form of precipitation, but freezing rain, ice, sleet and sometimes even rain are all possible during the winter months. Larger storm systems, often Panhandle hooks or other storms that occur with a meridional flow, can bring large amounts of snow and even blizzard conditions.
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Louis Dreyfus Company, Cargill Agricultural, Bunge Foods, BIOSEV (Louis Dreyfus Company), Tetra Pak Brazil, COFCO Brazil and COFCO Internacional, LP Brazil, Crown Embalagens, Makita Tools, Continental of the Brazil, Heineken and Meridional TCS breweries are companies that export more than 50 million sometimes exceeding the mark of 100 million, which together amounts to 330 million reais.
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Lavras do Sul is a Brazilian municipality in the southwestern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is in the Campanha Meridional micro-region and the Sudoeste Rio-Grandense meso-region. The population is 7,833 (2015 est.) in an area of 2600.60 km².Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística The Camaquã River flows through the municipality.
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The ciliary fibers have circular (Ivanoff), longitudinal (meridional) and radial orientations.Riordan- Eva Paul, "Chapter 1. Anatomy & Embryology of the Eye" (Chapter). AccessMedicine.com According to Hermann von Helmholtz's theory, the circular ciliary muscle fibers affect zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing.
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Fossil remains of B. borrasi are known only from Cuba. However, it has been postulated to have roam the wider West Indies and perhaps even mainland North America. It is the most common fossil accipitrid in Quaternary deposits of Cuba, notably at Llanura Meridional de La Habana. These deposits are thought to be from a savanna environment.
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The flow of the atmosphere generally moves in a west to east direction. This, however, can often become interrupted, creating a more north to south or south to north flow. These scenarios are often described in meteorology as zonal or meridional. These terms, however, tend to be used about localized areas of the atmosphere (at a synoptic scale).
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Navarro and Ferreira have developed a database of plant species in Bolivia and identified 39 separate vegetation zones in Bolivia within twelve general physiographic- biogeographical units of which four fall in the boundaries of Chuquisaca Department including: Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional, Prepuna or High Interandean Valleys, Bolivian-Tucuman Formation, and Chaco. Using Navarro and Ferreira’s categories and descriptions based on vegetation zones, the geographical and ecological characteristics of the Chuquisaca Department can be described as follows. Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional: From an altitude of 3200m in Chuquisaca to nearly 6000 meters in Potosi, this zone is characterized by the puna, altoandean, and subnival and nival ecological zones with a pluviestacional subhumid bioclimate. Prepuna or High Interandean Valleys: From 2300m to 3200m, this zone is characterized by a mesotropical dry xeric bioclimatic zone.
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By opening the stop wider, similar deviations arise for lateral points as have been already discussed for axial points; but in this case they are much more complicated. The course of the rays in the meridional section is no longer symmetrical to the principal ray of the pencil; and on an intercepting plane there appears, instead of a luminous point, a patch of light, not symmetrical about a point, and often exhibiting a resemblance to a comet having its tail directed towards or away from the axis. From this appearance it takes its name. The unsymmetrical form of the meridional pencil—formerly the only one considered—is coma in the narrower sense only; other errors of coma have been treated by Arthur König and Moritz von Rohr, and later by Allvar Gullstrand.
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There is a 'chicken and egg' question: are the perturbations seen in atmospheric CO2 concentrations forced by the vigour of the deep ocean currents, or vice versa? McCave uses monitoring points in the North Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean to study how the Earth’s meridional heat flux is distributed by warm surface-ocean currents and cold deep-ocean currents.
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Thinning of the LIS was caused by rapid warming of the Northern Hemisphere produced by a sudden shift towards an interstadial AMOC from 14.6–14.3 ka, a period also known as the Bølling warming.McManus, J.F., FRancois, R., Gherardi, J.M., Keigwan, L.D., Brown-Leger, S., 2004. Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature 428, 834–837.
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In the Pacific Ocean, the gyres still form, but there is comparatively very little large scale meridional (North-South) movement. For deep waters, there are two areas where density causes waters to sink into the deep ocean. These are in the North Atlantic and the Antarctic. The deep water masses formed are North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW).
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According to Thompson's narrative, the Kwavi were not entirely annihilated 'for a large division of the clan kept together, and contrived to cut their way through Kikuyu and to reach Lyikipia where they settled. Another section crossed the meridional trough and reached the opposite half of the plateau in Guas' Ngishu'. According to his account these conflicts formed part of the Iloikop wars.
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"Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review." Reviews of Geophysics 54.1 (2016): 5–63. AMOC exerts a major control on North Atlantic sea level, particularly along the Northeast Coast of North America. Exceptional AMOC weakening during the winter of 2009–10 has been implicated in a damaging 13 cm sea level rise along the New York coastline.
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In Edition XII, they were Viliam Dočolomanský (Slovakia), Katie Mitchell (United Kingdom), Andrey Moguchy (Russia), Kristian Smeds (Finland), Teatro Meridional (Portugal) and Vesturport (Iceland). Recipients have also included Heiner Goebbels, Oskaras Koršunovas (2002) and Rimini Protokoll (2008). The program for both awards is rich in theatrical presentations. Lasting a week, it has been termed the "'Oscars' of European theatre" and "Oscar of Drama".
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When the final result was known, the bar whose length was closest to the meridional definition of the metre was selected and placed in the National Archives on 22 June 1799 (4 messidor An VII in the Republican calendar) as a permanent record of the result. This standard metre bar became known as the Committee metre (French : Mètre des Archives).
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The Oxford English Dictionary gives the etymology of septentrional as: "Septentrional" is more or less synonymous with the term "boreal", derived from Boreas, a Greek god of the North Wind. The constellation Ursa Major, containing the Big Dipper, or Plough, dominates the skies of the North. The usual antonym for septentrional is the term meridional, which refers to the noonday sun.
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The Rossby parameter (or simply beta \beta) is a number used in geophysics and meteorology which arises due to the meridional variation of the Coriolis force caused by the spherical shape of the Earth. It is important in the generation of Rossby waves. The Rossby parameter \beta is given byGlossary of Meteorology , American Meteorological Society.Lecture Notes for Atmospheric Science Mesoscale Dynamics (MEA 713).
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The radius of curvature of this arc is not uniform, being, in the mean, about 600 metres greater in the northern than in the southern part. The Greenwich meridian is depicted rather than the Paris meridian. With the extension of the survey it became apparent that Méchain and Delambre's result (443.296 ') was slightly too short for the meridional definition of the metre.
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Advancing on the list of professional boxing rankings, Ribalta made his living as a sparring partner for WBC champion Trevor Berbick and title contender Gerry Cooney.Jose Ribalta confident he can defeat Tyson in tonight's fight (UPI), Abbeville Meridional, August 17, 1986, Page 9A. In July 1985, his first nationally televised bout took place against James "Bonecrusher" Smith. Ribalta lost by a split decision.
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A Kelvin wave (fluid dynamics) is also a long scale perturbation mode of a vortex in superfluid dynamics; in terms of the meteorological or oceanographical derivation, one may assume that the meridional velocity component vanishes (i.e. there is no flow in the north–south direction, thus making the momentum and continuity equations much simpler). This wave is named after the discoverer, Lord Kelvin (1879).
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During a few thousand years in the Late Stone Age, the inhabitant populations grew and spread to every part of Vietnam. Most ancient people were living near the Hồng (Red), Cả and Mã rivers. The Vietnamese tribes were the primary tribes at this time. Their territory included modern meridional territories of China to the banks of the Hồng River in the northern territory of Vietnam.
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The taxonomic status of Eptesicus isabellinus has been revised several times since its initial description. This species was initially described in 1840 by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. He placed it in the genus Vespertilio, naming it Vespertilio isabellinus. In 1887, French zoologist Fernand Lataste intimated that he believed that the meridional serotine was a subspecies of the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus, per Harrison 1963.
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Map of the borders of Brazil with the crown lands of Spain in South America - "Court Map". (Portuguese: Mapa dos confins do Brasil com as terras da coroa de Espanha na américa meridional – “mapa das cortes”). Drawn in 1749 by Alexandre de Gusmão to assist negotiations for the Treaty of Madrid signed on January 14, 1750. Collection of the Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - Governo de Brasília.
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If this were to happen, Europe's climate would be seriously impacted. Downturn of AMOC (Atlantic meridional overturning circulation), has been tied to extreme regional sea level rise. In 2013, an unexpected significant weakening of the THC led to one of the quietest Atlantic hurricane seasons observed since 1994. The main cause of the inactivity was caused by a continuation of the spring pattern across the Atlantic basin.
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Catalunya i França Meridional a l'entorn de l'any mil: la Catalogne et la France méridionale autour de l'an mil. Colloque International du D. N. R. S./Generalitat de Catalunya « Hugues Capet 987-1987 : la France de l'an mil », Barcelona 2-5 juliol 1987. Edited by Xavier Barral i Altet, Dominique Iogna-Prat, Anscari M. Mundó, Josep María Salrach & Michel Zimmermann. Col·lecció Actes de Congressos 2.
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Additionally, changes in the ocean's thermohaline circulation (specifically slowing)Bryden, H. L., Longworth, H. R. and Cunningham, S. A. (2005). Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N. Nature, 438, 655-657. may act to decrease transport of dissolved CO2 into the deep ocean. However, the magnitude of these processes is still uncertain, preventing good long-term estimates of the fate of the solubility pump.
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In 1876, the provinces were abolished and the survey departments were combined. The chief surveyor of the Otago province, John Turnbull Thomson, was made surveyor-general of the new government survey department. Thompson established meridional circuits throughout the country as well as reorganising the way land records were identified and recorded. By 1880, the small original triangulation networks had been extended and joined throughout New Zealand.
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Traslasierra Valley (spanish: Valle de Traslasierra) is a natural geographic region of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located west of the Sierras Grandes and east of the Sierras Occidentales. The tourist capital is the city of Mina Clavero and the most important commercial center is the city of Villa Dolores. Little pedestrian bridge over the river Mina Clavero. Los Hornillos, Córdoba Argentina in the meridional summer.
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This is defined as the plane, orthogonal to the tangential plane, which contains the object point being considered and intersects the optical axis at the entrance pupil of the optical system. This plane contains the chief ray, but does not contain the optic axis. It is therefore a skew plane, in other words not a meridional plane. Rays propagating in this plane are called sagittal rays.
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The line- shaped patterns of wind associated with impact craters follow a trajectory in the direction of the equator. This tendency suggests the presence of a system of circulation of Hadley cells between medium latitudes and the equator. Magellan radar data confirm the existence of strong winds that blow toward the east in the upper surface of Venus, and meridional winds on the surface.
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Brenda Suyapa Pineda representing the Chortis of Honduras at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. The Chʼortiʼ area, which had Copán as its cultural center, was the headquarters of the ancient Mayan civilization. The Chʼortiʼ people, led by the Mayan chief , strongly but unsuccessfully resisted the Spanish conquerors. The Chʼortiʼ belong to the Meridional Mayans, and are closely related to the Mayans in Yucatán, Belize and Northern Guatemala.
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This occurs when the Arctic oscillation is positive, and during winter low pressure near the poles is stronger than it would be during the summer. When it is negative and pressures are higher over the poles, the flow is more meridional, blowing from the direction of the pole towards the Equator, which brings cold air into the mid-latitudes.National Snow and Ice Data Center (2009). The Arctic Oscillation.
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One should distinguish between two types of ellipsoid: mean and reference. A data set which describes the global average of the Earth's surface curvature is called the mean Earth Ellipsoid. It refers to a theoretical coherence between the geographic latitude and the meridional curvature of the geoid. The latter is close to the mean sea level, and therefore an ideal Earth ellipsoid has the same volume as the geoid.
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According to the ecological framework of Canada, the park is located in the ecoregion of the Saint-Lawrence lowlands. This region is the one that presents the most meridional climate of the Province. It is characterized by the presence of mixed forests dominated by the sugar maple, the yellow birch, the Canadian hemlock and the eastern white pine. Approximately 60% of the region is dedicated to intensive agriculture.
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Jean-Michel Ferrand (born 31 August 1942 in Gardanne, Bouches-du-Rhône) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Vaucluse department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He lost his seat in the run-off of the parliamentary elections of 17 June 2012 against Marion Maréchal-Le Pen. Jean-Michel Ferrand is well known for his gaudy appearance and meridional loquacity.
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Loess, or windblown dust, can be employed as an indicator of past atmospheric circulation patterns. Without the presence of the monsoon, surface winds across the globe would have been primarily zonal and easterly. However, the geologic record not only indicates that winds exhibited a meridional, cross-equatorial pattern, but also that western Pangea experienced westerly flow during the peak period of the megamonsoon.Parrish, J. T., 1993: Climate of the Supercontinent Pangea.
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The Union of Missionary Baptist Churches in Ivory Coast has its origins in a mission of Nigerian Baptist Convention in 1947 and an American mission of the Southern Baptist Convention. William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 309 It was officially founded in 1966 as Baptist Meridional Evangelical Churches in Ivory Coast. AIP, Lancement des festivités du cinquantenaire de l’Eglise baptiste missionnaire, news.abidjan.
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A 2005 report indicated that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) slowed down by 30% between 1957 and 2004. If the AMO were responsible for SST variability, the AMOC would have increased in strength, which is apparently not the case. Furthermore, it is clear from statistical analyses of annual tropical cyclones that these changes do not display multidecadal cyclicity. Therefore, these changes in SST must be caused by human activities.
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The instrument is aligned with the sun when the shadow of the thread falls on the vertical bar. Yet another design has a magnifying glass on one vane that focuses the rays of the sun on the opposite vane. Meridional azimuth compasses included a universal equatorial sundial. By setting the date and latitude, the true north and the magnetic variation could be read from the instrument without the need for calculation.
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Born in Abbeville, Louisiana to Clay Ralph Summers and Esther LeBlanc,"Former chief justice of state Supreme Court dies Tuesday", Abbeville Meridional (January 27, 1993), p. 1, 5. Summers attended the Abbeville public schools and received a B.A. from Southwestern Louisiana Institute in 1936, where he lettered in football and track. He received an LL.B. from Tulane University Law School in 1938 and entered the practice of law in Abbeville.
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Retrieved on 2008-12-26. These rainstorms sometimes bring flooding, and can move very slowly when the storm steering it is strong and embedded within a meridional flow pattern (with more pole to equator motion rather than west to east motion). In the winter, cold fronts can bring cold spells, and occasionally snow. In the spring or summer in temperate latitudes, hail may occasionally fall along with the rain.
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However, France's official approach for collaboration was then rejected by Foreign Secretary the Duke of Leeds. Riggs-Miller continued to campaign on the matter but, when parliament was dissolved in 1790, he was not re-elected. Ultimately, in 1791, the French National Assembly vetoed the pendulum in favour of the meridional definition of the metre, bringing an effective end to hopes of collaboration. France unilaterally adopted the metric system in 1793.
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According to this model, parcels of air follow a closed circulation in the zonal and vertical directions. This circulation, which is roughly consistent with observations, is caused by differences in heat distribution between ocean and land. It was discovered by Gilbert Walker. In addition to motions in the zonal and vertical direction the tropical atmosphere also has considerable motion in the meridional direction as part of, for example, the Hadley Circulation.
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This would be hard to verify." But Charles Bowman gives the opposite interpretation: "It is likely that several of the works generally attributed to either Mier or Rocafuerte were actually from Torres' pen." In particular, Bowman believes a pamphlet bearing Mier's name, , was actually Torres' work. Discussing political organization after the revolution, the author suggests a "Spanish America Divided in Two Grand Departments, North and South, or Septentrional and Meridional.
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In the context of physics, zonal flow connotes a tendency of flux to conform to a pattern parallel to the equator of a sphere. In meteorological term regarding atmospheric circulation, zonal flow brings a temperature contrast along the Earth's longitude. Extratropical cyclones in zonal flows tend to be weaker, moving faster and producing relatively little impact on local weather. Extratropical cyclones in meridional flows tend to be stronger and move slower.
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Early examples of Byzantine domes existed over the hexagonal hall of the Palace of Antiochos, the hexagon at Gülhane, the martyium of Sts. Karpos and Papylos, and the rotunda at the Myrelaion. The 5th century St. Mary's church in Ephesus had small rectangular side rooms with sail vaults made of arched brick courses. The brick dome of the baptistery at St. Mary's was composed of a series of tightly arched meridional sections.
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However, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is driven by ocean temperature and salinity differences. But freshwater decreases ocean water salinity, and through this process prevents colder waters sinking. This mechanism possibly caused the cold ocean surface temperature anomaly currently observed near Greenland (Cold blob (North Atlantic)). Global warming could lead to an increase in freshwater in the northern oceans, by melting glaciers in Greenland, and by increasing precipitation, especially through Siberian rivers.
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The Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog is a natural breed originating in the Meridional Carpathian and Subcarpathian areal (old Muntenia region of Wallachia, within the Dambovita, Arges and Prahova counties, and around Brasov). In these places, these dogs are highly appreciated and used as watch dogs for properties and cattle herds. They are known as Corbi. The word "corb" means "raven" and the name bespeaks the dog's fur colour, which is a clear black.
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Standard state variables were calculated including temperature, salinity, zonal and meridional velocities, and sea level, as well as several derived fields such as heat content. Finalized data was remapped from the displaced pole grid to a uniform horizontal grid with 0.5°x0.5° horizontal resolution and 40 vertical layers with 10-meter vertical resolution near the surface. In addition to the 61-year reanalysis data set, a “beta” version (i.e., currently being evaluated), SODA 2.2.
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H. Oberkofler, P. Goller, 1991. Albert Defant (1919-1926 und 1945-1953), Forschungen zur Innsbrucker Universitätsgeschichte, 16, Universität Innsbruck.. During that time he was able to show that large-scale structures in the atmosphere can provide meridional heat transport from tropical to high latitudes.Albert Defant,1921. Die Zirkulation der Atmosphäre in den gemäßigten Breiten der Erde (Grundzüge einer Theorie der Klimaschwankungen.) Geografiska Ann. 3, 209-266 (The circulation at mid-latitude zones of the earth).
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Atlantic overturning is not a static feature of global circulation, but rather a sensitive function of temperature and salinity distributions as well as atmospheric forcings. Paleoceanographic reconstructions of AMOC vigour and configuration have revealed significant variations over geologic time dos Santos, Raquel A. Lopes, et al. "Glacial–interglacial variability in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and thermocline adjustments in the tropical North Atlantic." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 300.3–4 (2010): 407–414.
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On occasion, it is used to refer to the meridional overturning circulation (often abbreviated as MOC). The term MOC is more accurate and well defined, as it is difficult to separate the part of the circulation which is driven by temperature and salinity alone as opposed to other factors such as the wind and tidal forces. Moreover, temperature and salinity gradients can also lead to circulation effects that are not included in the MOC itself.
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Larger storm systems, often Panhandle hooks or other storms that occur with a meridional flow, can bring large amounts of snow and even blizzard conditions. The average annual snowfall in the Twin Cities is , with an average of 100 days per year with at least of snow cover. The most snow the Twin Cities has officially seen during one winter was in 1983-1984 with , and the least was in 1930-1931 with .
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As in other ctenophores, from the main stomach a network of channels branch through the mesogloea. Some of these have blind ends and others link up. They supply nutrients to the most active parts of the animal, the mouth, pharynx, combs of cilia and the sensory organs at the hind end of the body. Each comb plate has its own meridional canal situated directly beneath it and a ring of channels surround the mouth.
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It was directed by Linus Johansson of Popcore Film. Norma Jean recorded a total of 13 songs and three interludes during the Meridional sessions. The band planned on using eleven songs for the album, and release the rest as B-sides for "other things down the road." The previously released demo song "Kill More Presidents" was re-recorded with a new ending, and was intended to be officially released at some point.
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On their journey, the water masses transport both energy (in the form of heat) and matter (solids, dissolved substances and gases) around the globe. As such, the state of the circulation has a large impact on the climate of the Earth. The thermohaline circulation is sometimes called the ocean conveyor belt, the great ocean conveyor, or the global conveyor belt. On occasion, it is imprecisely used to refer to the meridional overturning circulation, MOC.
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"Circulation in a meridional plane in the central equatorial Pacific." Journal of Marine Research 12 196-213. During these studies he recognized the significance of the unexpected drift of long-line fishing gear at the equator, and in 1952 he led a HUGH M. SMITH cruise using drogues in current measurements. Thus, he was responsible for the discovery of the Equatorial Undercurrent Cromwell, T., Montgomery, R. B., and Stroup, E. D. (1954).
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In 1998, it acquired Banco Noroeste S.A.. In January 2000, the Southern Financial conglomerate (Banco Meridional and Banco Bozano, Simonsen) joined the group. In November of the same year, Santander made its largest acquisition yet, taking control over Banespa, previously owned by Brazil's wealthiest state, São Paulo. After the Banespa acquisition, the financial conglomerate Santander Banespa was formed. While a strong franchise, Santander's position was still heavily concentrated in the Southeast region of Brazil.
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After MWP-1A, around 12.9 ka, the Northern hemisphere experienced a sudden drop in temperatures caused by a reduction in the AMOC towards a stadial mode, which is implicated to be caused by the influx of glacial meltwater from the LIS and is a period known as the Younger Dryas.McManus, J.F., Francois, R., Gherardi, J.M., Keigwin, L.D., Brown-Leger, S., 2004. Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature 428, 834–837.
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Though partially retired, Bryden remains active at the University of Southampton in both research and the wider scientific community. A particular focus of Bryden's research is the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean, in particular its role in transporting heat. A decline in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) caused by global warming has been hypothesised, and Bryden and colleagues have studied this via the RAPID array that crosses the Atlantic at 26.5°N.
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The meridional extent of them appears to match the actual width of jets. Therefore, in shallow models vortices actually feed the jets and should disappear by merging into them. While these weather–layer models can successfully explain the existence of a dozen narrow jets, they have serious problems. A glaring failure of the model is the prograde (super-rotating) equatorial jet: with some rare exceptions shallow models produce a strong retrograde (subrotating) jet, contrary to observations.
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The cold blob visible on NASA's global mean temperatures for 2015, the warmest year on record (since 1880) – colors indicate temperature anomalies (NASA/NOAA; 20 January 2016). The cold blob in the North Atlantic (also called the North Atlantic warming hole) describes a cold temperature anomaly of ocean surface waters, affecting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) which is part of the thermohaline circulation, possibly related to global warming-induced melting of the Greenland ice sheet.
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The extension to France and Belgium is reported in , providing data for the section of the 52°N arc between Valentia and Mount Kemmel in Belgium. The calculations were carried out by Clarke, who used the data to give a further improvement for the Figure of the Earth. That same data also provided a much tighter foundation for the Anglo-French meridional arc. The data for the re-analysis of the triangulation near Valentia is reported in .
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The Agulhas Current flows south along the African east coast. When it reaches the southern tip of Africa, it retroflects back into the Indian Ocean. At this retroflection it leakes warm core eddies known as Agulhas rings into the South Atlantic. This mesoscale anti-cyclonic rings feed the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and are therefore believed to affect the global climate, although the connection between the leakage, AMOC, and climate change is still poorly understood.
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In addition, it is thought that extensive salinity stratification can lead to a reduction in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) through the slowing of thermohaline circulation. Increased stratification means that there is effectively a barrier to subduction of parcels of water; isopycnals effectively do not outcrop at the surface and are parallel to the surface. The ocean, in this case, can be described as "less ventilated", and this has been implicated in the slowing down of the MOC.
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The idea of modern no-till farming started in the 1940s with Edward H. Faulkner, author of Plowman's Folly, but it wasn't until the development after WWII of powerful herbicides such as paraquat that various researchers and farmers started to try out the idea. The first adopters of no-till include Klingman (North Carolina), Edward Faulkner, L.A. Porter (New Zealand), Harry and Lawrence Young (Herndon, Kentucky), the Instituto de Pesquisas Agropecuarias Meridional (1971 in Brazil) with Herbert Bartz.
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The North Atlantic Deep Water is considered to be one of several possible tipping points in the climate system. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a deep water mass formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. Thermohaline circulation (properly described as meridional overturning circulation) of the world's oceans involves the flow of warm surface waters from the southern hemisphere into the North Atlantic. Water flowing northward becomes modified through evaporation and mixing with other water masses, leading to increased salinity.
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In August 1910 he discovered one of the highest peaks in the Pamir Mountains, which he named Peak Korzhenevskaya after his wife Evgeniya Korzhenevskaya (). In 1928 he produced a unique map of the Pamirs which, for the first time, included a meridional mountain range that he had discovered and called the Academy of Sciences Range in honor of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Alternative transliterations of Korzhenevskiy's name include Korzhenevskii, Korzhenevski, Korzhenevsky, and Korzhenievsky.
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The Wazzant Formation recovers a variation on the sedimentary process observed on the older Azmerai Formation. It is characterised by the presence of abundant Quartz sediments, along with the presence of red clays. Along the meridional border of the Guettioua Formation, on the same stratigraphic tendence is developed a red Sandstone- Pelitic deposition, that changes from Quartzo-Conglomerates to grains and fragments of Quartz, disposed with liassic calcareous strata. is equivalent to the main Azilal "Marnes Chocolat".
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Western boundary currents resulted in an anti-cyclonic subtropical North Panthalassa gyre at mid-latitudes and a meridional anti-cyclonic circulation centred on 20°N. In tropical northern Panthalassa trade winds created westward flows while equatorward flows were created by westerlies at higher latitudes. Consequently, trade winds moved water away from Gondwana towards Laurasia in the northern Panthalassa Equatorial Current. When the western margins of Panthalassa were reached intense western boundary currents would form the Eastern Laurasia Current.
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In September 1933 and January 1935, Goldsbrough published two papers on steady ocean circulation that incorporated the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. These two papers anticipated, to some extent, Rossby's 1939 planetary wave theory, Sverdrup's 1947 theory relating the curl of the wind stress to meridional transport, and Stommel's 1948 theory of the westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Furthering some papers published in 1922,Goldsbrough, G. R. (1922). The Influence of Satellites upon the Form of Saturn's Ring.
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Rhein, Monika, et al. "Deep water formation, the subpolar gyre, and the meridional overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58.17 (2011): 1819–1832. ISOW is produced in proportion to the density gradient across the Iceland-Scotland Ridge and as such is sensitive to LSW production which affects the downstream density Whitehead, J. A. "Topographic control of oceanic flows in deep passages and straits." Reviews of Geophysics 36.3 (1998): 423–440.
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In France, the term septentrional refers to the Northern stretch of the Côtes du Rhône AOC winemaking region.Nord Septentrional The Northern Rhône, or septentrional, runs along the Rhône river from Vienne in the north, to Montélimar in the south. It includes the eight crus: Côte Rôtie, Condrieu, Château-Grillet, Hermitage, Saint-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage, Cornas and Saint-Péray.Huit Crus Celebres The Southern Rhône is referred to as the meridional (Rhône méridionale), and extends from Montélimar in the north, to Avignon in the south.
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In 2008, Yahoo! Movies listed The Day After Tomorrow as one of its top-10 scientifically inaccurate films. It was criticized for depicting meteorological phenomena as occurring over the course of hours, instead of decades or centuries. A 2015 Washington Post article reported on a paper published in Scientific Reports which indicated that global temperatures could drop relatively rapidly (one degree Fahrenheit over an 11-year period) due to a temporary shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by global warming.
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This TRMM weather satellite shows the wind impact of a Tehuantepecer from December 16, 2000 at 1315 UTC. Cold air damming typically happens in the mid-latitudes as this region lies within the Westerlies, an area where frontal intrusions are common. When the Arctic oscillation is negative and pressures are higher over the poles, the flow is more meridional, blowing from the direction of the pole towards the equator, which brings cold air into the mid-latitudes.National Snow and Ice Data Center (2009).
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Trans-Siberian Railroad gave a great boost to Siberian agriculture, allowing for increased exports to Central Russia and European countries. It pushed not only the territories closest to the railway, but also those connected with meridional rivers, such as the Ob (Altai) and the Yenisei (Minusinsk and Abakan regions). Tomsk was the largest Siberian city by the end of the 19th century, but was left aside of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Siberian agriculture exported a lot of cheap grain to the West.
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Aniseikonia can occur naturally or be induced by the correction of a refractive error, usually anisometropia (having significantly different refractive errors between each eye) or antimetropia (being myopic (nearsighted) in one eye and hyperopic (farsighted) in the other.) Meridional aniseikonia occurs when these refractive differences only occur in one meridian (see astigmatism). One cause of significant anisometropia and subsequent aniseikonia has been aphakia. Aphakic patients do not have a crystalline lens. The crystalline lens is often removed because of opacities called cataracts.
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The Kutter (named after its inventor Anton Kutter) style uses a single concave primary, a convex secondary and a plano-convex lens between the secondary mirror and the focal plane, when needed (this is the case of the catadioptric Schiefspiegler). One variation of a multi-schiefspiegler uses a concave primary, convex secondary and a parabolic tertiary. One of the interesting aspects of some Schiefspieglers is that one of the mirrors can be involved in the light path twice — each light path reflects along a different meridional path.
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When the solar time is exactly noon, or known from another clock, the instrument can be used to determine the time of year. The meridional ring can function as the gnomon, when the rings are used as a sundial. A horizontal line aligned on a meridian with a gnomon facing the noon-sun is termed a meridian line and does not indicate the time, but instead the day of the year. Historically they were used to accurately determine the length of the solar year.
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A number of vocabulary items are peculiar to Meridional French: for example, péguer (Occitan pegar), "to be sticky" (Standard French poisser), chocolatine (Southwest), "pain au chocolat", or flute (a larger baguette, known as a pain parisien (Parisian loaf) in Paris). Some phrases are used with meanings which differ from those they have in Standard French. For example, s'il faut, literally meaning "if necessary", is used to mean "perhaps" (which would be rendered in Standard French as peut-être). This is a calque of the Occitan se cal.
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Averaging over longer time scales, no exchange of AAM with the solid Earth takes place. Earth and atmosphere are decoupled. This implies that the ground level zonal wind-component responsible for rigid rotation must be zero on the average. Indeed, the observed meridional structure of the climatic mean zonal wind on the ground shows westerly winds (from the west) in middle latitudes beyond about ± 30o latitude and easterly winds (from the east) in low latitudes—the trade winds—as well as near the poles (prevailing winds).
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A relatively larger role of atmospheric forcing would lead to less dependent on the thermohaline factors listed above, and would render AMOC less vulnerable to temperature and salinity changes under global warming.Hofmann, Matthias, and Stefan Rahmstorf. "On the stability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2009): pnas-0909146106. While a shutdown is deemed “unlikely” by the IPCC, a weakening over the 21st century is assessed as “very likely” and previous weakenings have been observed in several records.
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Current research for the EGC is focused on freshwater fluxes. Because the EGC runs through the Greenland Sea and eventually through the Labrador Sea (as the West Greenland Current) it can have strong implications for the strengthening and or weakening of deep water formations in the Greenland and Labrador Seas. The Meridional Overturning Circulation is a density driven circulation in which a small perturbation in the density field could easily slow down or speed up the deep water formation in the Nordic Seas. Jones et al.
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Chontales de Oaxaca or Tequistlatecos, the term comes from Tequisistlán, one of its main towns in the past. Their language, tequistlateco Joca-Meridional group and trunk Yumapacua, seems to be related with some languages of Baja California Norte, in the southeast of Mexico, Honduras and/or Nicaragua; however, to date their linguistic origin is still uncertain. There are dialect differences between speakers of the mountains and the coast, which hinders their mutual understanding. The Tequistlatecan languages, also called Chontal of Oaxaca, consists of three distinct languages.
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For the compound , three isomers are possible, with zero, one, or two chlorines in the axia positions. As another example, a complex with a formula like , where the central atom M forms six bonds with octahedral geometry, has at least two facial–meridional isomers, depending on whether the three X bonds (and thus also the three Y bonds) are directed at the three corners of one face of the octahedron (fac isomer), or lie on the same equatorial or "meridian" plane of it (mer isomer).
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Many companies have the works of Shakespeare, Molière, Brecht, Becket or Chekhov, and Portuguese classic and modern authors on their repertoire. Other companies show more experimental projects. All this makes the theatre repertoire very varied. Some of the most important professional theatre companies nowadays are: Teatro da Cornucópia, Teatro da Comuna, Teatro Aberto, Teatro Meridional, Teatro da Garagem, Companhia de Teatro de Almada, Companhia Teatral do Chiado, A Barraca, Teatro dos Aloés, Teatro Praga, Artistas Unidos, Seiva Trupe, As boas raparigas, ACTA, among many others.
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Local surveys could be linked to these points so that their angle measurements were consistent throughout the district. The districts were known as meridional circuits, a term that has persisted in New Zealand surveying. In 1875 Major H S Palmer of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain presented a damning report on the state of the survey system to the New Zealand Parliament. He recommended that a unified map projection was adopted and a single system of reference points was established across the country.
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In contrast, in the northern hemisphere maximum speeds as high as 240 m/s are observed near +50 degrees of latitude. These speeds sometimes lead to incorrect assertions that winds are faster in the northern hemisphere. In fact, latitude per latitude, winds are slightly slower in the northern part of Uranus, especially at the midlatitudes from ±20 to ±40 degrees. There is currently no agreement about whether any changes in wind speed have occurred since 1986, and nothing is known about much slower meridional winds.
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Departure p and the difference in latitude ΔφAB can be worked out with simple trigonometry. Plane sailing (also, colloquially and historically, spelled plain sailing) is an approximate method of navigation over small ranges of latitude and longitude. With the course and distance known, the difference in latitude ΔφAB between A and B can be found, as well as the departure, the distance made good east or west. The difference in longitude ΔλAB is unknown and has to be calculated using meridional parts as in Mercator sailing.
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According to Thompson's narrative, the Kwavi were not entirely annihilated 'for a large division of the clan kept together, and contrived to cut their way through Kikuyu and to reach Lyikipia where they settled. Another section crossed the meridional trough and reached the opposite half of the plateau in Guas' Ngishu'. Stigand recorded traditions regarding "the old Laikipia Masai,the Loikop". According to his informants, the "country north of Gilgil and extending from this place to the Borana was in the old days called Laikipia".
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The district is elongated in the meridional direction and lies in the basin of the Velikaya River and thus of the Narva River. Two of the main left tributaries of the Velikaya flow through the district, originating in Latvia. The Kukhva River crosses the northern part of the district and a stretch of it makes up a state border between Latvia and Russia. The Utroya River crosses the district from north to south, and the town of Pytalovo is located on the banks of the river.
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It would appear that the human tongue has a tendency to corrupt an "N" into an "L" thus "Nakhon" has become "Lakhon" (Ligor) and the Malay word nuri has become lory. Linschoten’s map of the Eastern Seas contains the forms Lusa (Luca) and Nusa. The book explained that in Meridional India already settled a subgroup of Javanese people. A brief description of this country is given in a letter written by Chiaymasiouro to the King of Pahang and in a certificate made by Pedro de Carvalhaes at Malacca on 4 October 1601.
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From geostrophy (the perfect balance between the mass field and velocity field), the NECC is located between the ridge and trough at 5°N and 10°N, respectively. Sverdrup theory succinctly summarizes this phenomenon mathematically by defining a geostrophic mass transport per unit latitude, M, as the east-west integral of the meridional derivative of wind stress curl, minus any Ekman transport. The Ekman transport into the current is typically negligible, at least in the Pacific NECC. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes.
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At the same time as Lake Tengger reached maximum levels, lake levels rose also in Tibet and northern Xinjiang. The formation of these lakes in the lowlands has been explained with the glacial climate, which reduced evaporation without decisively lowering temperatures and increased meridional temperature gradients which resulted in stronger baroclinic storms. Later, it is possible that a weakening of the East Asian Monsoon caused the lakes to dry up during full glacial conditions. Later obtained optically stimulated luminescence dates have however shown that maximum lake levels occurred between 100,000 - 70,000 years before present.
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Recent studies (2017) suggest potential convection collapse (heat transport) of the subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic, resulting in rapid cooling, with implications for economic sectors, agriculture industry, water resources and energy management in Western Europe and the East Coast of the United States. Frajka-Williams et al. 2017 pointed out that recent changes in cooling of the subpolar gyre, warm temperatures in the subtropics and cool anomalies over the tropics, increased the spatial distribution of meridional gradient in sea surface temperatures, which is not captured by the AMO Index.
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The abundance of methane, ethane and acetylene at Neptune's equator is 10–100 times greater than at the poles. This is interpreted as evidence for upwelling at the equator and subsidence near the poles because photochemistry cannot account for the distribution without meridional circulation. In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately . The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pole.
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I, pp.417 29. Malaspina's journal was published in another edition in Madrid in 1984.Mercedes Palau, Aránzazu Zabala and Blanca Sáiz (eds.), Viaje politico y cientifico a la América Meridional, a las costas del mar Pacífico y a las Islas Marianas y Filipinas, Ediciones El Museo Universal, Madrid, 1984. The definitive version of the expedition was finally published in Spain by the Museo Naval and Ministerio de Defensa in nine volumes from 1987 to 1999.Museo Naval y Ministerio de Defensa, La Expedición Malaspina, 1789–1794, Barcelona, Lunwerg, tomos 1–9, 1987–1999.
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The Bessel ellipsoid (or Bessel 1841) is an important reference ellipsoid of geodesy. It is currently used by several countries for their national geodetic surveys, but will be replaced in the next decades by modern ellipsoids of satellite geodesy. The Bessel ellipsoid was derived in 1841 by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, based on several meridian arcs and other data of continental geodetic networks of Europe, Russia and the British Survey of India. It is based on 10 meridional arcs and 38 precise measurements of the astro—geographic latitude and longitude (see also astro geodesy).
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This is also known as 'haline forcing' (net high latitude freshwater gain and low latitude evaporation). This warmer, fresher water from the Pacific flows up through the South Atlantic to Greenland, where it cools off and undergoes evaporative cooling and sinks to the ocean floor, providing a continuous thermohaline circulation.United Nations Environment Programme / GRID-Arendal, 2006, . Potential Impact of Climate Change Hence, a recent and popular name for the thermohaline circulation, emphasizing the vertical nature and pole-to-pole character of this kind of ocean circulation, is the meridional overturning circulation.
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The first inhabitants of Santa Maria were the Minuano Indigenous People, who lived in a region of the municipality known as Coxilha do Pau Fincado, and the Tapes, who lived in the hills. With the arrival of Spanish and Portuguese colonizers this border region was witness to innumerable battles between rival groups. Finally, in 1797 the border between the two colonies was established by a commission (1ª Subdivisão da Comissão Demarcadora de Limites da América dat lit Meridional). This commission set up camp on the site of present-day Santa Maria.
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Some members of the diverse genus Beroe may occasionally attain a length of up to , though most species and individuals are less than about 10 cm; Neis cordigera is among the largest species in the class, often exceeding in length. The body is melon or cone-shaped with a wide mouth and pharynx and a capacious gastrovascular cavity. Many meridional canals branch off this and form a network of diverticulae in the mesogloea. There are no tentacles but there are a row of branched papillae, forming a figure of eight around the aboral tip.
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A meridional lineament of volcanoes including Limitayoc and Salle extends from the southern and western margin of the central lava domes to Cerro Pululu in the south. Another lineament may form the eastern rim of the lava dome complex. Other centres in the south are the Rose, Salle and West Zapaleri ignimbrites as well as the dacites of Cerro Bayo, all erupted 8.9–5.1 mya from the Vilama caldera. Cerro Panizos is associated with a large-scale topographic anomaly, similar to many other volcanic centres in the region.
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Flowing south along the South American continental slope, the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) carries North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) into the South Atlantic. At about 8°S and at a depth of , the DWBC breaks into anticyclonic eddies during periods of strong meridional overturning circulation. One such NADW eddy was observed in 2003 and the researchers speculated that a deeply penetrating Agulhas ring pinched it off the NADW slope current. Spinning at , these deep-water eddies move around the southern tip of the Agulhas Bank and into the Indian Ocean.
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This is followed by a sturdy outflux in winter, which wanes by the month of April. Although the surface flow through PC is generally inward during summer monsoon, the preceding and succeeding months experience outflow (strong outflow in October, but weak outflow in April). During April and October, when the effects of local winds are minimal, Andaman Sea experiences the intensification of meridional surface currents in the poleward direction along the continental slope on the eastern side of the basin. This is characteristic of the propagation of Kelvin Waves.
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Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa in Relación del Viaje a la América Meridional The conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires ended their sovereignty over their respective territorial expanses, replaced by the Spanish Empire. However, the Spanish Empire could not have ruled these vast territories and dense indigenous populations without utilizing the existing indigenous political and economic structures at the local level. A key to this was the cooperation between most indigenous elites with the new ruling structure. The Spanish recognized indigenous elites as nobles and gave them continuing standing in their communities.
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She was the first woman to be awarded the European Geosciences Union Julius Bartels Medal. Her research considers plasma flow and the configuration of the electromagnetic field in the magnetotail during substorms. She used data from the Geotail, Cluster II, THEMIS and Double Star missions to confirm that the earthward moving fast flows of the plasma sheet are bubbles of low density plasma that is accompanied by depolarization fronts. Nakamura investigated the shape and size of these fronts, and showed that field aligned currents flow into and out of the ionosphere at their meridional flanks.
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During 33 expeditions with the research vessel E. W. Scripps between 1938 and 1941 he produced a detailed oceanographic dataset off the coast of California. He also developed a simple theory of the general ocean circulation postulating a dynamical vorticity balance between the wind-stress curl and the meridional gradient of the Coriolis parameter, the Sverdrup balance. This balance describes wind-driven ocean gyres away from continental margins at western boundaries. After leaving Scripps, he became director of the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo and continued to contribute to oceanography, ocean biology and polar research.
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This map shows the general location and direction of the warm surface (red) and cold deep water (blue) currents of the thermohaline circulation. Salinity is represented by color in units of the Practical Salinity Scale. Low values (blue) are less saline, while high values (orange) are more saline. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), an important component of the Earth's climate system, is a northward flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the Atlantic and a southward flow of colder water in the deep Atlantic.
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During April and May when the SST front is still strong, the seasonal warming makes the region conductive to atmospheric convection, and surface wind stress curls turn weakly positive along the front on the background of negative curls that drive the subtropical gyre. On the weather timescale, positive wind curls are related to low- pressure systems of a subsynoptic scale in space, energized by surface baroclinicity and latent heat release along the STF front. The SST front also anchors a meridional maximum in column-integrated water vapor, indicating a deep structure of the atmosphere response.
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In 1883 the Holy See established the Apostolic Prefecture of Patagonia Meridional, Tierra del Fuego e Islas Malvinas, which was entrusted to the Salesian congregation. In 1916, the prefecture was upgraded and its name changed to Apostolic Vicariate of Magallanes e Islas Malvinas, and on 17 January 1947, Pope Pius XII erected the diocese proper by means of the Bulla "Ut in amplissimo Patagoniae Chilensis territorio". In 1952, the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands was separated from the diocese. All the bishops of the diocese of Punta Arenas have belonged to the Salesian congregation.
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Mills (1930). p. 3. In Report of Meridional India (1610) Eredia mentioned that the Javanese people of Luca Antara in all of their customs and in figure resemble the Javanese of Sunda (west Java),Likely what he meant here is the Cirebonese people, an Austronesian ethnic group with mixed culture of Javanese and Sundanese (heavier influence from Javanese). only a slight difference in the language, which he described as "much the same as between the Castillian and the Portuguese". The hair extends as far as the shoulders, the tonsure resembles the tonsure of Balinese people, with a curiously curved contour.
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Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults, whose luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores' bioluminescence nor produced any correlation between its exact color and any aspect of the animals' environments, such as depth or whether they live in coastal or mid-ocean waters. In ctenophores, bioluminescence is caused by the activation of calcium-activated proteins named photoproteins in cells called photocytes, which are often confined to the meridional canals that underlie the eight comb rows. In the genome of Mnemiopsis leidyi ten genes encode photoproteins.
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Although Uranus is known to have a bright south polar region, the north pole is fairly dim, which is incompatible with the model of the seasonal change outlined above. During its previous northern solstice in 1944, Uranus displayed elevated levels of brightness, which suggests that the north pole was not always so dim. This information implies that the visible pole brightens some time before the solstice and darkens after the equinox. Detailed analysis of the visible and microwave data revealed that the periodical changes of brightness are not completely symmetrical around the solstices, which also indicates a change in the meridional albedo patterns.
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Don Chambers from the University of South Florida College of Marine Science mentioned: "The major effect of a slowing AMOC is expected to be cooler winters and summers around the North Atlantic, and small regional increases in sea level on the North American coast." James Hansen and Makiko Sato stated: Downturn of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation has been tied to extreme regional sea level rise. A 2017 review concluded that there is strong evidence for past changes in the strength and structure of the AMOC during abrupt climate events such as the Younger Dryas and many of the Heinrich events.
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A meridional trough of the pre-Vashon topography, styled the Poulsbo Valley in this paper (locally called Big Valley), crosses the peninsula here. A swampy pass occurs midway of its length at an altitude of , and a stream terrace lies on the eastern side of the valley near the pass, at an altitude of . In the Poulsbo Valley, Lake Hood appears to have found an outlet lower than the Clifton channel, and to have entered Lake Russell at the head of Dogfish (Liberty) Bay. The Brinnon Delta is to be correlated with the level of Lake Russell.
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During the June–July months, the mean seasonal cycle of freshwater content peaks; in this season, sea ice thickness reaches a minimum, implying that the amount of melted sea ice has reached a maximum. The maximum in freshwater content released into the ocean waters coincides with a maximum in wind stress curl (i.e., a minimum in Ekman pumping), allowing for a high volume of freshwater to seep into the Arctic Ocean circulation. This rapid influx of freshwater into the Arctic circulation forces a large volume of freshwater to outflow into the North Atlantic basin, affecting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
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This has been explained by Vascologists like MitxelenaMichelena, Luis (1977), pp. 547–548: "[...] cada vez soy más escéptico en cuanto a un parentesco lingüístico ibero-vasco. En el terreno de la onomástica, y en particular de la antroponimia, hay, sin embargo, coincidencias innegables entre ibérico y aquitano y, por consiguiente, entre ibérico y vasco. Como ya he señalado en otros lugares, parece haber habido una especie de pool onomástico, del que varias lenguas, desde el aquitano hasta el idioma de las inscripciones hispánicas en escritura meridional, podían tomar componentes de nombre propios." as an "onomastic pool".
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Mañé y Flaquer, Juan, Historia del Bandolerismo y de la Camorra en la Italia Meridional, Barcelona: Salvador Manero (1864), pp. 540-541 A priest executed by garotte by French forces under Napoleon for carrying a navaja During the first part of the 18th century, the blade heel and backspring of the navaja were cleverly altered to provide a locking device for the blade.Shackleford, Steve, Blade's Guide to Knives & Their Values, Iola, WI: Krause Publications, , (2009), p. 297 Pulling open the blade from the handle, the lock allowed the blade to rotate into the fully open position, where it locked into position.
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They decline deep in the troposphere with the rate of 3 m/s per km. The winds near the surface of Venus are much slower than that on Earth. They actually move at only a few kilometres per hour (generally less than 2 m/s and with an average of 0.3 to 1.0 m/s), but due to the high density of the atmosphere at the surface, this is still enough to transport dust and small stones across the surface, much like a slow-moving current of water. Meridional (north-south) component of the atmospheric circulation in the atmosphere of Venus.
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The King was said to have named Eredia as the discoverer of Meridional India (a supposed southern land) on 14 February 1594, and he was also said to have given the title of "Adelantado" (Governor General) and made a member of the Order of Christ. There is however no proof of these claims. Erédia became interested in finding the legendary "land of gold", and returned to South East Asia in 1600 on a mission to explore further the Indonesian Archipelago. However, he had to stay in Malacca for four years, commanding a fleet of 70 ships guarding the southern approach to the Malacca.
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Since the Pleistocene, the buoyancy of the South Atlantic thermocline and the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation has been regulated by the shedding of warm, saline Agulhas Rings. The Agulhas leakage affects the Atlantic thermocline on a decadal timescale and over centuries it can change the buoyancy of the Atlantic thermocline and therefore the formation rates of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The provenance of ocean sediments can be determined by analysing terrigenous strontium isotope ratios in deep ocean cores. Sediments underlying the Agulhas Current and Return Current have significantly higher ratios than surrounding sediments.
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In fluid dynamics, a secondary circulation is a weak circulation that plays a key maintenance role in sustaining a stronger primary circulation that contains most of the kinetic energy and inertia of a flow. For example, a tropical cyclone's primary winds are tangential (horizontally swirling), but their evolution and maintenance against friction involves an in-up-out flow that is important to its clouds and rain. On a planetary scale, Earth's winds are mostly east-west or zonal, but that flow is maintained against friction by the Coriolis force acting on a small north-south or meridional secondary circulation.
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Hebdo- (symbol H) is an obsolete decimal metric prefix equal to 107. It is derived from the Greek hebdοmos () meaning seventh. The definition of one hebdomometre or hebdometre as was originally proposed by Rudolf Clausius for use in an absolute electrodynamic system of units named the quadrant–eleventh- gram–second system (QES system), also known as the hebdometre–undecimogramme–second system (HUS system) in the 1880s. It was based on the meridional definition of the metre which established one ten- millionth of a quadrant, a quarter of an astronomical meridian or the distance from the north pole to the equator, as a metre.
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The climate of the Val de Saône has several conflicting influences but is still a dominant continental climate. It is marked, however, by an oceanic influence that is strongly attenuated by the hills of Morvan which acts as a barrier. There is also a meridional influence in summer which allows the Saône valley, an extension of the Rhone valley, to enjoy good sunshine which is which is also seen in late spring and early autumn thereby lengthening the summer. Finally there is the continental influence on the Saône valley climate with cold winters and sometimes late frosts.
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The WGS 84 reference spheroid has a semi-major axis of and a flattening of . left A more accurate determination of the Figure of the Earth resulted also from the measurement of the Struve Geodetic Arc (1816–1855) and would have given another value for the definition of this standard of length. This did not invalidate the metre but highlighted that progresses in science would allow better measurement of Earth's size and shape. The ' remained the legal and practical standard for the metre in France, even once it was known that it did not exactly correspond to the meridional definition.
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The issue could be settled by measuring, for a number of points on earth, the relationship between their distance (in north-south direction) and the angles between their zeniths. On an oblate Earth, the meridional distance corresponding to one degree of latitude will grow toward the poles, as can be demonstrated mathematically. The French Academy of Sciences dispatched two expeditions. One expedition (1736–37) under Pierre Louis Maupertuis was sent to Torne Valley (near the Earth's northern pole). The second mission (1735–44) under Pierre Bouguer was sent to what is modern-day Ecuador, near the equator.
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Atmospheric rivers have a central role in the global water cycle. On any given day, atmospheric rivers account for over 90% of the global meridional (north-south) water vapor transport, yet they cover less than 10% of the Earth's circumference. Atmospheric rivers are also known to contribute to about 22% of total global runoff. They are also the major cause of extreme precipitation events that cause severe flooding in many mid-latitude, westerly coastal regions of the world, including the West Coast of North America, Western Europe, the west coast of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Iran and New Zealand.
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The Guayana natural region (Spanish: Región natural de Guayana) also simply known as Guayana (English: Guiana) in Venezuela, is a large massif of approximately 441,726 km2 area, equivalent to 48.2% of the total continental territory of the country. It is on the geological Guiana Shield craton, and is the Venezuelan part of the biogeographic Guayana Highlands and their tepuis (mesas). Its limits by the north and east is formed by the route of the rivers Orinoco, Atabapo and Negro Rivers; and by the south the borders with Brazil. The region occupies almost half of meridional territory of Venezuela.
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It is now known that most of the internal tide energy generated at tall, steep midocean topography radiates away as large-scale internal waves. This radiated internal tide energy is one of the main sources of energy into the deep ocean, roughly half of the wind energy input . Broader interest in internal tides is spurred by their impact on the magnitude and spatial inhomogeneity of mixing, which in turn has first order effect on the meridional overturning circulation . The internal tidal energy in one tidal period going through an area perpendicular to the direction of propagation is called the energy flux and is measured in Watts/m^2.
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Combined with a southern shift of high pressure zones, increased moisture during late glacial times would have flowed from the Amazon. This change, which occurred from 17,400–12,400 years or 18,000–11,000 BP, is recorded in Bolivian Chaco and Brazilian cave records. Some 20th century phases of higher water levels in Lake Titicaca have been correlated with episodes of increased snow cover on Northern Hemisphere continents; this may constitute an analogy to conditions during the Lake Tauca phase. The Tauca phase may have been triggered by the southern shift of tropical atmospheric circulation and a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation that decreased northward heat transport.
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Although the Arctic oscillation is responsible for more of the total variance in mean sea level pressure over the Arctic, the meridional winds anomalies that arise as a result of the spatial structure of the Arctic dipole anomaly make it the primary driver of the variability of Arctic sea ice export. During the positive phase of the Arctic dipole anomaly, anomalous winds drive sea ice from the central Arctic out through the Fram Strait and into the Greenland Sea via the Transpolar Drift Stream. In contrast, during the negative phase, anomalous winds reduce the removal of sea ice through the Fram Strait. This is supported by Watanabe et al.
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A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejected plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron), plus the entraining coronal closed magnetic field regions. Evolution of these closed magnetic structures in response to various photospheric motions over different time scales (convection, differential rotation, meridional circulation) somehow leads to the CME. Small-scale energetic signatures such as plasma heating (observed as compact soft X-ray brightening) may be indicative of impending CMEs. The soft X-ray sigmoid (an S-shaped intensity of soft X-rays) is an observational manifestation of the connection between coronal structure and CME production.
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Since Brandan has joined Norma Jean, they have released seven records; O God, the Aftermath released in 2005, Redeemer in 2006, The Anti Mother, which was released on August 5, 2008 through Solid State Records, Meridional released July 12, 2010 through Razor & Tie, and Wrongdoers on August 6, 2013. Polar Similar released September 9, 2016, and All Hail on October 25, 2019. The Anti Mother featured guest writing and vocals by notable artists Chino Moreno of the Deftones, Page Hamilton of Helmet, and Cove Reber of Saosin. In 2015, Brandan formed a project, "Hundred Suns", with former Every Time I Die musician Ryan "Legs" Leger and Dead and Divine's Chris LeMasters.
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The Parâng Mountains are located in the south-western part of the Central-Meridional Carpathians. They are the tallest mountains from the local Parâng-Cindrel mountain group and the second largest mountains in the Romanian Carpathians after the Făgăraș Mountains. They are situated between the Șureanu Mountains (north), Latoriței Mountains (north-east), Căpățânii Mountains (east), Vâlcan Mountains (west) and the Petroșani Depression in the north-west. Located south and east of the city of Petroșani, the Parâng Mountains form the eastern barrier of the Jiu Valley (a plateau 100 kilometers long from east to west and 70-80 kilometers wide from north to south).
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In 1860 he was appointed astronomical assistant and, on 12 March 1861, superintendent of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. In the next two years the three last meridional series in the north of India were completed, and Walker's first independent work was the measurement of the Vizagapatam base-line, which was completed in 1862. The accuracy achieved was such that the difference between the measured length and the length computed from triangles, commencing 480 miles away at the Calcutta base-line and passing through dense jungles, was but half an inch. He next undertook a revision of Lambton's triangulation in the south of India, with remeasurements of the base-lines.
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On his return home he was stationed at the Tower of London, and studied the higher mathematics under Charles Hutton, amusing himself in his spare time with the construction of clocks. He was appointed in 1791 to the Ordnance Trigonometrical Survey, of which he was promoted to be director on the death of Colonel Edward Williams in 1798. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. Around 1800 Dunnose was taken as a base point for a triangulation of Great Britain, in which Mudge measured a section of the meridional arc running up into Yorkshire. The triangulation was conducted in 1801 and 1802.
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Direct estimates of the strength of the thermohaline circulation have been made at 26.5°N in the North Atlantic since 2004 by the UK-US RAPID programme. By combining direct estimates of ocean transport using current meters and subsea cable measurements with estimates of the geostrophic current from temperature and salinity measurements, the RAPID programme provides continuous, full-depth, basinwide estimates of the thermohaline circulation or, more accurately, the meridional overturning circulation. The deep water masses that participate in the MOC have chemical, temperature and isotopic ratio signatures and can be traced, their flow rate calculated, and their age determined. These include 231Pa / 230Th ratios.
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It shallows and passes into Davis Strait in the north and is open to the North Atlantic Ocean in the southeast. The sea is flanked by continental shelves with banks less than deep separated by glacially eroded channels: the southern West Greenland shelf in the northeast, the Labrador shelf in the southwest and the Baffin Island shelf in the northwest. An intermediate cold water mass known as Labrador Sea Water is formed by convective processes in the Labrador Sea. It represents a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which is a major contributor to the transport and storage of heat, freshwater and other tracers in the Atlantic Ocean.
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A masonry dome produces thrusts downward and outward. They are thought of in terms of two kinds of forces at right angles from one another: meridional forces (like the meridians, or lines of longitude, on a globe) are compressive only, and increase towards the base, while hoop forces (like the lines of latitude on a globe) are in compression at the top and tension at the base, with the transition in a hemispherical dome occurring at an angle of 51.8 degrees from the top. The thrusts generated by a dome are directly proportional to the weight of its materials. Grounded hemispherical domes generate significant horizontal thrusts at their haunches.
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The projection maps meridians to vertical straight lines of constant spacing (for meridional intervals of constant spacing), and circles of latitude to horizontal straight lines of constant spacing (for constant intervals of parallels). The projection is neither equal area nor conformal. Because of the distortions introduced by this projection, it has little use in navigation or cadastral mapping and finds its main use in thematic mapping. In particular, the plate carrée has become a standard for global raster datasets, such as Celestia and NASA World Wind, because of the particularly simple relationship between the position of an image pixel on the map and its corresponding geographic location on Earth.
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Beryozovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #43-oz and municipalLaw #63-oz district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the autonomous okrug on the left bank of meridional part of the Ob River within the limits of North Sosva altitudes and the east slope of the North and Pre-Polar Ural and borders with the Komi Republic in the west and with Shuryshkarsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the north. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Beryozovo.
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Reynaud's car after the accident Reynaud and de Portes left the Hotel Splendid, Bordeaux, driving southeast ahead of the advancing German armies, intending to stop at Reynaud's holiday home at Grès, Hérault, (other sources state they were bound for his daughter's home at Sainte-MaximeAnon. (1940). M. Paul Reynaud victime d'un accident d'automobile. Le Petit Meridional, 29 Juin 1940.) before fleeing to North Africa. On 28 June, with Reynaud at the wheel, their Renault Juvaquatre car inexplicably left the road and hit a plane tree at la Peyrade, near Sète; de Portes was all but decapitated while Reynaud escaped with relatively minor head injuries.Benoit-Méchin, J. (1956).
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In 1813 it was decided to extend the measurement of the meridional line between Dunnose and the mouth of the River Tees into Scotland, with a mineralogical survey being carried out by John MacCulloch. In that and the following year Colby and his chief assistant, James Gardner, were selecting stations in the south-west of Scotland, and observing from them by theodolite. In 1815 Colby worked from Tower map office, but in 1816–17 he was again in the field, carrying the triangulation round the eastern coast towards Orkney.s and Shetland, and in the latter year, in conjunction with Gardner, measured the base-line of Belhelvie Links, near Aberdeen, the only base-line in Scotland.
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By contrast, 231Pa is not as particle-reactive, feeling the circulation of the ocean in small amounts before settling into the sediment. Thus, knowing the decay rates of both isotopes and the fractions of each uranium isotopes, the expected ratio of 231Pa/230Th can be determined, with any deviation from this value being due to circulation. Circulation leads to a higher 231Pa/230Th ratio downstream and a lower ratio upstream, with the magnitude of the deviation being related to flow rate. This technique has been used to quantify the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and during abrupt climate change events in Earth's past, such as Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger events.
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Dialects of the French language in the world Varieties of the French language are spoken in France and around the world. The francophones of France generally use Metropolitan French (spoken in Paris and considered standard) although some also use regional dialects or varieties such as Meridional French. In Europe outside France there are Belgian French, Swiss French, and in Italy Aostan French. In Canada, French is an official language along with English; the two main dialects of French in Canada are Quebec French and Acadian French, but also another dialect commonly grouped as Canadian French, used by Anglophones speaking French as a second language or by Francophones in Canada using a different dialect.
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Lohmann and Dima 2010 found a weakening of the AMOC since the late 1930s. Climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research suggested that the observed cold pattern during years of temperature records is a sign that the Atlantic Ocean's Meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) may be weakening. They published their findings in 2015, and concluded that the AMOC circulation showed exceptional slowdown in the last century, and that Greenland melt is a possible contributor, with the slowdown of AMOC since the 1970s being unprecedented over the last millennium. A study published in 2016 found further evidence for a considerable impact from sea level rise for the U.S. East Coast.
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Two rivers cross the region, the Wolbórka and the Luciąża, which with their tributaries flow into the Pilica River and belong to the catchment area of the Vistula River. The watershed of Poland's two main rivers, the Vistula and the Oder (Odra), runs along the meridional line three km west of Piotrków. Two small rivers, the Strawa and the Strawka flow through the city, and it is between their valleys that the first settlement of Piotrków was founded in the early Middle Ages. Recently two more rivers have been included within the boundary of the city area - the Wierzejka, which in the western part of the city forms a reservoir, and the Śrutowy Dołek to the south of Piotrków.
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AMOC- Index since 900 CE with pronounced slowdown since ~1850; Rahmstorf et al. (2015) Climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research suggested that the observed cold pattern during years of temperature records is a sign that the Atlantic Ocean's Meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) may be weakening. They published their findings, and concluded that the AMOC circulation shows exceptional slowdown in the last century, and that Greenland melt is a possible contributor. Tom Delworth of NOAA suggested that natural variability, which includes different modes, here namely the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation through wind driven ocean temperatures are also a factor.
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Were this to happen, Europe's climate would be seriously impacted. Don Chambers from the USF College of Marine Science mentioned, "The major effect of a slowing AMOC is expected to be cooler winters and summers around the North Atlantic, and small regional increases in sea level on the North American coast." James Hansen and Makiko Sato stated, "AMOC slowdown that causes cooling ~1°C and perhaps affects weather patterns is very different from an AMOC shutdown that cools the North Atlantic several degrees Celsius; the latter would have dramatic effects on storms and be irreversible on the century time scale." Downturn of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, has been tied to extreme regional sea level rise.
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The atmospheric wave modes degenerate to the spherical functions Pnm with m a meridional wave number and n the zonal wave number (m = 0: zonal mean flow; m = 1: diurnal tides; m = 2: semidiurnal tides; etc.). The thermosphere becomes a damped oscillator system with low- pass filter characteristics. This means that smaller-scale waves (greater numbers of (n,m)) and higher frequencies are suppressed in favor of large- scale waves and lower frequencies. If one considers very quiet magnetospheric disturbances and a constant mean exospheric temperature (averaged over the sphere), the observed temporal and spatial distribution of the exospheric temperature distribution can be described by a sum of spheric functions:Köhnlein, W., A model of thermospheric temperature and composition, Planet.
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Meridional will be the first release from the band through Razor & Tie since they left Solid State Records after seven years and four studio albums. Norma Jean also spent additional years with Solid State, and released one album entitled Throwing Myself in 2001 through the label, under their original name Luti-Kriss. Some music news sites found the label choice odd as Razor & Tie is also home to the blue-eyed soul singer Michael McDonald, The Irish Tenors from PBS and the children's cover album series Kidz Bop. Norma Jean toured with The Chariot, Horse the Band and Arsonists Get All the Girls during the "Explosions 2009" tour in November and December of that year.
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Early studies have focused their attention on the connection between the enhancement (decrease) of tropical rainfall in regions such as the Northeast Brazil, the Western Sub-Saharan Africa etc. and perturbations in the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (Moura and Shukla (1981), Nobre and Shukla (1996).) Such research efforts have concentrated on the role of the interhemispheric (meridional) SST mode as a dynamical driver of the tropical Atlantic overlying atmosphere, by analyzing perturbations of this coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere system while examining local as well as remote influences (i.e. the tropical -mid-latitude N. Atlantic connection (Tanimoto and Xie (1999), Tourre et al. (1999)), the tropical Pacific influence via El Nino/La Nina events (Enfield and Mayer (1997)).
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This heat flux is believed to contribute to the high rate of evaporation in the South Atlantic, a key mechanism in the Meridional Overturning Circulation. A small amount of the Agulhas Leakage joins the North Brazil Current, carrying Indian Ocean water into the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Before reaching the Caribbean Sea, this leakage gets heated up by the sun around the equator, and, when finally joining the Gulf Stream, this warm and salty water contributes to the formation of deep water in the North Atlantic. Surface water filaments are estimated to account for up to 13% of the total salt transport from the Agulhas Current into the Benguela Current and South Atlantic Gyre.
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NADW and its formation is essential to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is responsible for transporting large amounts of water, heat, salt, carbon, nutrients and other substances from the Tropical Atlantic to the Mid and High Latitude Atlantic. In the conveyor belt model of thermohaline circulation of the world's oceans, the sinking of NADW pulls the waters of the North Atlantic drift northward. However, this is almost certainly an oversimplification of the actual relationship between NADW formation and the strength of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic drift. NADW has a temperature of 2-4 °C with a salinity of 34.9-35.0 psu found at a depth between 1500 and 4000m.
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Chapter 15: A History of Spain and Portugal, Stanley G. Payne fortress at Montjuïc, the most southerly point from which measurements were made when calculating the meridional definition of the metre In the 18th century, a fortress was built at Montjuïc that overlooked the harbour. In 1794, this fortress was used by the French astronomer Pierre François André Méchain for observations relating to a survey stretching to Dunkirk that provided the official basis of the measurement of a metre. The definitive metre bar, manufactured from platinum, was presented to the French legislative assembly on 22 June 1799. Much of Barcelona was negatively affected by the Napoleonic wars, but the start of industrialisation saw the fortunes of the province improve.
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The importance of internal tides and internal waves in general relates to their breaking, energy dissipation, and mixing of the deep ocean. If there were no mixing in the ocean, the deep ocean would be a cold stagnant pool with a thin warm surface layer. While the meridional overturning circulation (also referred to as the thermohaline circulation) redistributes about 2 PW of heat from the tropics to polar regions, the energy source for this flow is the interior mixing which is comparatively much smaller- about 2 TW. Sandstrom (1908) showed a fluid which is both heated and cooled at its surface cannot develop a deep overturning circulation. Most global models have incorporated uniform mixing throughout the ocean because they do not include or resolve internal tidal flows.
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The origin of modern circulation of cold, deep water -- known as the "Big Flush" -- is associated with Early Eocene () geological events; tectonism that resulted in the opening of the north-east Atlantic and fracture zones that developed in the subsiding Rio Grande Rise, which allowed cold water from the Antarctic Weddell Sea to flow northward into the North Atlantic. , the generation of cold bottom water in the Antarctic resulted in the formation of psychrospheric fauna, which today live in temperatures below , in the Atlantic and Tethys. This global distribution suggests that the Rio Grande Rise had been breached by this time, allowing cold, dense water to move north-south through a corridor enhancing the transition from a latitudinal thermospheric circulation to a meridional thermohaline circulation.
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Temperature from 20,000 to 10,000 years ago, derived from EPICA Dome C Ice Core (Antarctica) The Post-Glacial Sea Level The period between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene (ca. 19k-11k years ago), shows changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), when sea-level rose by 80 meters. Additionally, the last deglaciation is marked by three abrupt CO2 pulses, and records of volcanic eruptions show that subaerial volcanism increased globally by two to six times above background levels between 12 ka and 7 ka. Between roughly 19ka, the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (or LGM) to 11ka, which was the early Holocene, the climate system experienced drastic transformation.
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Any atmospheric circulation system, whether it is a small- scale weather system or a large-scale zonal wind system, is maintained by the supply of kinetic energy. The development of such a system requires either a transformation of some other form of energy into kinetic energy, or the conversion of the kinetic energy of another system into that of the developing system. On a global scale, the atmospheric circulation must carry energy polewards, because there is a net gain of energy in the tropics through incoming solar radiation and net loss of energy in high latitudes through thermal emission. At low latitudes, where the Hadley cell takes shape, the poleward transport of energy is done by the mean meridional circulation.
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Saint-Paul-de-la-Croix Bas-Saint-Laurent, like the rest of Quebec, is a Nordic American territory. The Quebecois geographer Louis-Edmond Hamelin categorized the region in his pre-north area, second of the five zones of his map of nordicity zones. The oceanic influence of the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River has a small influence on the climate of the region, making it more alike to the climate of meridional Quebec, than with "nordic" towns like La Sarre in Abitibi or Roberval, Quebec in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, located at the same latitude than the town of Matane. However, the climate of Bas-Saint-Laurent is of continental type, with a "great amplitude and no dry periods".
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Mañé y Flaquer, Juan, Historia del Bandolerismo y de la Camorra en la Italia Meridional, Barcelona: Salvador Manero (1864), pp. 540-541: "In Naples as well as in Spain the masses always prostrated themselves in admiration before the supremacy of the ignoble and treacherous navaja, not only as the result of arms control laws imposed on the people, but also due to an aversion to the use of other weapons they viewed as the effeminate custom of other peoples." Navaja dating to c. 1790; it has a yataghan style blade, a stag-horn handle and the pull-ring for disengaging the blade-locking mechanism is clearly visible The appeal of such a distinctive design and cultural symbol proved irresistible to foreign visitors to Spain.
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Although it roughly coincides with the base of the solar convection zone — also inferred through helioseismology — it is conceptually distinct, being a boundary layer in which there is a meridional flow connected with the convection zone and driven by the interplay between baroclinicity and Maxwell stresses. Helioseismology benefits most from continuous monitoring of the Sun, which began first with uninterrupted observations from near the South Pole over the austral summer. In addition, observations over multiple solar cycles have allowed helioseismologists to study changes in the Sun's structure over decades. These studies are made possible by global telescope networks like the Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) and the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), which have been operating for over several decades.
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The port of Sagres, historical center of the Portuguese discoveries and fishing port Sagres is located in the extreme southwest of continental Europe, and marked by two geomorphological structures: the Cape St. Vincent and Sagres Point, which establish a transition between the eastern coastal and meridional zones. Exposed to the Atlantic Ocean, it is influenced by Mediterranean currents, marked by promontories of high cliffs leading onto a platform that oscillates between (in the north) and ). Whether by coastal erosion, or the hard rock, its composition influences the relief of the area. At 157 meters high, Torre de Aspa is a viewpoint on the western side of Vila do Bispo, which offers a panoramic view of Sagres and São Vicente Cape.
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The region covers 83,000 square kilometres at an average elevation of 4,800 metres above sea level, stretches in a meridional (east-west) direction between the Tanggula and Kunlun mountain chains in the border areas of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, northwest China's Qinghai Province and China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The southeastern part of the Hoh Xil, drained by the Chumar River (), is one of the major headwater sources of the Yangtze River. The rest of the region is endorheic, with drainage to numerous isolated lakes; this area is sometimes described by hydrologists as the "Hoh Xil lake district". 45,000 square kilometres of the Hoh Xil region, at an average elevation of 4,600 metres, were designated a national nature reserve in 1995.
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This technique, as described below, is derived using the paraxial approximation, which requires that all ray directions (directions normal to the wavefronts) are at small angles θ relative to the optical axis of the system, such that the approximation \sin \theta \approx \theta remains valid. A small θ further implies that the transverse extent of the ray bundles (x and y) is small compared to the length of the optical system (thus "paraxial"). Since a decent imaging system where this is not the case for all rays must still focus the paraxial rays correctly, this matrix method will properly describe the positions of focal planes and magnifications, however aberrations still need to be evaluated using full ray-tracing techniques.Extension of matrix methods to tracing (non-paraxial) meridional rays is included here.
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Towards the end of the Archaic period, seasonal weather was a time of Meridional overturning circulation and large storms came up from the Gulf of Mexico. The western and northern valleys of West Virginia became warm and dry with less precipitation around 2550 BCE, causing the bottom land flora to thin out and creating occasional major floods and serious erosion during the early part of this transitional weather pattern.S. Munoz et al., PNAS 2010 A period of drought was followed by a cool and wet Sub-Boreal climatic phase (4200–3000 BP), a warm and moist Sub-Atlantic climatic phase (3000–1750 BP), a Scandic climatic phase (1750–1250 BP), a stable Neo-Atlantic climatic phase (1100–750 BP), and a cool and wet Pacific climatic phase (750 BP, during the Little Ice Age).
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In the region, more than 10 species of land mammals (not considering bats), 19 bat species, more than 80 bird species, 11 species of amphibians, 21 reptile species and 9 species of fishes can be seen. The mammals which inhabit the area are barbary sheeps, European badgers, beech martens, Eurasian otters, red foxes, wild boars, red squirrels, European wildcats, garden dormouses, and Cabreras vole (of the same genus as field voles). In addition, some species of bats are common pipistrelle, Kukhl's pipistrelle, common bent-wing bat, soprano pipistrelle, greater horseshoe bat, meridional serotine (which only inhabits southern Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunis), lesser horseshoe bat and European free-tailed bat. In regards to birds, there are some species of raptors such as Bonelli's eagles, golden eagles, peregrine falcons, little owls and Eurasian eagle-owls.
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In 2010, Shaw wrote a paper entitled Downward wave coupling between stratosphere and troposphere: The important of meridional wave guiding and comparison with zonal-mean coupling. In 2017, Shaw worked on the paper Moist static energy framework for zonal-mean storm-track intensity. This paper showed that seasonal strength cannot be explained solely by seasonal changes in solar radiation, and that surface heat fluxes account for the muted seasonality in the Southern Hemisphere and large seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere, and in response to climate change surface heat fluxes over ocean versus land exert opposing influences on the strength of storm tracks. Shaw wrote Circulation response to warming shaped by radiative changes of clouds and water vapor (2015), which outlines how the atmosphere will manifest global climate change thru clouds and water vapor.
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He was one of the early researchers in the field and did extensive research on the spiral cloud bands related to a cyclone. It was under his leadership, X-Band and S-Band Cyclone Detection Radars, six of them in the west coast and 4 in the east coast of India, were installed by the Meteorological Department getting them manufactured by the Indian firm, Bharat Electronics Limited. His researches have been published in several articles and presented at various seminars including the Inter-Regional Seminar on Tropical Cyclones of Tokyo in 1962. Besides, he also contributed to the better understanding of "hydrogen bond formation in associated liquids", "the formation of a meridional monsoon cell in the Asian summer monsoon" and the long period trends in the rainfall over the Indian west coast.
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Monthly flows of the Aude near its outlet represented as a histogram In its upper reaches the Aude has a nivo-pluvial regime (with a maximum flow in spring linked to snowmelt). Then from CarcassonneData from the hydrological station at Carcassonne (Pont-neuf) Navigate on the page to obtain the different hydrological data, the Station Code is: Y1232010. where the average flow rate reaches , the system is almost entirely rainfed (The flow at Grau de VendresTotal Encyclopedia EnCarta 2006, article on the Aude. where it meets the Mediterranean is around .) The Aude is thus characterized in its lower course by a pluvio-nival regime of meridional type with high baseflow in summer, in August at Moussan in the lower alluvial plain not far from the river mouth, against an average of .
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The plane of incidence is defined by the incoming radiation's propagation vector and the normal vector of the surface. In describing reflection and refraction in optics, the plane of incidence (also called the incidence plane or the meridional plane) is the plane which contains the surface normal and the propagation vector of the incoming radiation. (In wave optics, the latter is the k-vector, or wavevector, of the incoming wave.) When reflection is specular, as it is for a mirror or other shiny surface, the reflected ray also lies in the plane of incidence; when refraction also occurs, the refracted ray lies in the same plane. The condition of co-planarity among incident ray, surface normal, and reflected ray (refracted ray) is known as the first law of reflection (first law of refraction, respectively).
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The servant remained there 3 days and confirmed the truth of Chiay Masiuro's account regarding the quantity of gold, and all kinds of metals and minerals, and precious stones, cloves, nutmegs, mace, and sandalwoods, and other riches. After 3 days he returned to the bay of the fishermen, and then gave information about his voyage in the year 1610. In Report of Meridional India (1610) Eredia mentioned that the Javanese people of Luca Antara in all of their customs and in figure resemble the Javanese of Sunda (west Java),Likely what he meant here is the Cirebonese people, an Austronesian ethnic group with mixed culture of Javanese and Sundanese (heavier influence from Javanese). only a slight difference in the language, which he described as "much the same as between the Castillian and the Portuguese".
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The NECC is a direct response to the meridional changes in the coriolis parameter and the wind stress curl near the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In part the NECC owes its existence to the fact that the ITCZ is not located at the equator, rather several degrees of latitude to the north. The rapid relative change in the coriolis parameter (a function of latitude) near the equator combined with the ITCZ being located north of the equator leads to similar rapid changes in the surface Ekman transport of the ocean and areas of convergence and divergence in the oceanic mixed layer. Using the larger Pacific basin as an example, the resulting dynamic height pattern consists of a trough at the equator, and ridge near 5° degrees north, a trough at 10°N, and finally a ridge closer to 20°N.
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The greater the amount of global warming, the greater the risk of passing through ‘tipping points’, thresholds beyond which certain impacts can no longer be avoided even if temperatures are reduced.. An example is the collapse of West Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, where a certain temperature rise commits an ice sheet to melt, although the time scale required is uncertain and depends on future warming. Some large-scale changes could occur over a short time period, such as a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,. which would trigger major climate changes in the North Atlantic, Europe, and North America.. The long-term effects of climate change include further ice melt, ocean warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. On the timescale of centuries to millennia, the magnitude of climate change will be determined primarily by anthropogenic emissions.
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A first Institute for Occitan Studies was created around 1923 as a section of the League of Meridional Homeland (Ligue de la Patrie Méridionale), but had a short lifespan. In 1930, the Society for Occitan Studies (SEO) was founded by Joseph Anglade and Valère Bernard, with Louis Alibert as secretary.Joan Fourié, "A l'entorn d'un cinquantenari, la S.E.O. precursor de L'I.E.O. : contribucion a l'istòria del movement occitan", Estudis occitans n°18, 1995 ISSN 0980-7845On SEO and IEO History, read "L'IEO e l'occitanisme dempuèi 1945", Estudis Occitans 18, 2nd semèstre de 1995 At the end of World War II, as both the Felibrige and the SEO had been discredited by the involvement of some of their leaders in the collaboration, some occitanists decided to create a new institution, the IEO, with a clear message: the IEO is an offspring of the Resistance.
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Historical international prototype of the metre, made of an alloy of platinum and iridium, that was the standard from 1889 to 1960. The conference was called to discuss the maintenance of international standards based on the existing French standards rather than using French standards which, at that time, were 70 years old and which, through wear and tear, might not be exactly the same as when they adopted in 1799. Prior to the 1870 conference, French politicians had feared that the world community might reject the existing metre as it was 0.03% (300 µm) shorter than its design length, ordering a new meridional measurement. They were eventually reassured when the German-born Swiss delegate Adolphe Hirsch said "no serious scientist would in our day and age contemplate a metre deduced from the size of the earth".
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Towards the south the two lines converge and give place to one great valley (occupied by Lake Nyasa), the southern part of which is less distinctly due to rifting and subsidence than the rest of the system. Farther north the western hollow, known as the Albertine Rift, is occupied for more than half its length by water, forming the Great Lakes of Tanganyika, Kivu, Lake Edward and Lake Albert, the first-named over long and the longest freshwater lake in the world. Associated with these great valleys are a number of volcanic peaks, the greatest of which occur on a meridional line east of the eastern trough. The eastern branch of the East African Rift, contains much smaller lakes, many of them brackish and without outlet, the only one comparable to those of the western trough being Lake Turkana or Basso Norok.
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Isolines of frequency are drawn on maps showing the frequency of a particular phenomenon (for example, annual number of days with a thunderstorm or snow cover). Isochrones are drawn on maps showing the dates of onset of a given phenomenon (for example, the first frost and appearance or disappearance of the snow cover) or the date of a particular value of a meteorological element in the course of a year (for example, passing of the mean daily air temperature through zero). Isolines of the mean numerical value of wind velocity or isotachs are drawn on wind maps (charts); the wind resultants and directions of prevailing winds are indicated by arrows of different length or arrows with different plumes; lines of flow are often drawn. Maps of the zonal and meridional components of wind are frequently compiled for the free atmosphere.
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In a study inspired by "mathematical and statistical approaches to climate modelling and prediction", the authors identify three types of tipping points in open systems such as the climate system—bifurcation, noise-induced and rate-dependent. The idea of tipping points in climate science, as indicated by palaeoclimate data and global climate models, suggest that the "climate system may abruptly 'tip' from one regime to another in a comparatively short time." Bifurcation-induced tipping refers to changes in dynamical systems that occur when a small smooth change made to bifurcation parameters of the system causes an abrupt or sudden topological change in the behavior of the system. In the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), slow passage to the bifurcation parameters—the salinity, temperature and density of water—could cause the AMOC to abruptly collapse when it reaches a critical tipping point.
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Uricani is accessed via the DN 66A, the 27 kilometer long west branch of the DN 66 that connects the cities of Petrosani, Vulcan, Lupeni and Uricani. The city covers 25,141 hectares, the largest geographical area of all the Jiu Valley cities. The city limits are bordered to the east by Cow’s Valley, to the west by Retezat National Park, to the north by peaks of the Retezat Mountains (Custura, Lazarul -2282m, and Tulisa-1782m),Nature reserves in Romania - Page 18 Emil Pop, N. "ending with Mount Tulisa (1,795 m.) at the eastern end of the massif, overlooking the Romanian Jiu Valley and the Petrosani Basin." and to the south by peaks of the Vâlcan Mountains (Coarnele-1789m and Siglaul Mare-1682m). The surrounding mountains are part of the Meridional Carpathians (in an area commonly referred to as the Transylvanian Alps).
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Reconstruction of the Black Stump (the original was burned down), Blackall, 2019 The town of Blackall, Queensland makes the following claim to the origin of the expression. In 1887 a group of surveyors arrived in Blackall (near the centre of Queensland, over 1,000 kilometres west of Brisbane) and established an Astro Station on this site to conduct survey readings to establish a principal meridional circuit traverse around the town. Stumps and other suitable stable platforms were often used rather than a set of legs because they gave more stability to the heavy theodolites then used to take longitudinal and latitudinal observations. This Astro station was used as part of the survey to fix the position of principal towns extending from Brisbane to Boulia via Roma, Charleville and Blackall and enabled the mapping of Queensland on a more accurate basis.
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Since 1972, the Climatology and Persistence (CLIPER) statistical model has been used to help generate tropical cyclone track forecasts. In the era of skillful dynamical forecasts, CLIPER is now being used as the baseline to show model and forecaster skill. The Statistical Hurricane Intensity Forecast (SHIFOR) has been used since 1979 for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. It uses climatology and persistence to predict future intensity, including the current Julian day, current cyclone intensity, the cyclone's intensity 12 hours ago, the storm's initial latitude and longitude, as well as its zonal (east-west) and meridional (north-south) components of motion. A series of statistical-dynamical models, which used regression equations based upon CLIPER output and the latest output from primitive equation models run at the National Meteorological Center, then National Centers for Environmental Prediction, were developed between the 1970s and 1990s and were named NHC73, NHC83, NHC90, NHC91, and NHC98.
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The favorable location of Millstone Hill at sub-auroral latitudes combined with the great operational range afforded by the steerable antenna permit observations over a latitude span encompassing the region between the polar cap and the near-equatorial ionosphere. Since 1982 the Haystack Observatory Atmospheric Sciences Group has been supported for operating the Millstone Hill research radar as a part of the incoherent scatter radar chain and for associated studies of the auroral and sub-auroral ionosphere and thermosphere. The meridional radar chain extends from Sondrestrom Upper Atmospheric Research Facility in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland through Millstone Hill at mid-latitudes, beyond Arecibo at low latitudes, to the Jicamarca facility at the magnetic equator in Peru. The radar chain forms an integral part of the NSF-supported CEDAR (Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions) observing network and Millstone Hill observations and analysis have contributed extensively to the successes of the CEDAR initiative.
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Southeastern Iberian script in the context of paleohispanic scripts A possible southeastern Iberian signary (Correa 2004). Lead plaque from La Bastida de les Alcuses (Moixent) The southeastern Iberian script, also known as Meridional Iberian, was one of the means of written expression of the Iberian language, which was written mainly in the northeastern Iberian script and residually by the Greco-Iberian alphabet. About the relation between northeastern Iberian and southeastern Iberian scripts, it is necessary to point out that they are two different scripts with different values for the same signs; however it is clear that they had a common origin and the most accepted hypothesis is that northeastern Iberian script derives from southeastern Iberian script. In fact, the southeastern Iberian script is very similar, both considering the shape of the signs or their values, to the Southwestern script used to represent an unknown language usually named Tartessian.
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XV then gives instructions about how this will be done, including a requirement that Portugal's military personnel will take no more than their "artillery, gunpowder, ammunition, and boats", giving similar instructions to other settlers who decide to leave regarding what they may remove and granting them permission to sell their property; at the same time, though, anyone who wishes to remain in the area is given permission to do so provided they are prepared to commit their loyalty to the monarch on whose land they live. Francisco Requena in the year 1796. (Spanish: Mapa geográfico de la mayor parte de la América Meridional que contiene los paises por donde debe trazarse la línia divisoria que divida los dominios de España y Portugal: construido en virtud de real órden por el Lieutenant General Dn Francisco Requena). Collection of the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Boston Public Library.
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The Academy of Sciences planned to infer the flattening of the Earth from the length's differences between meridional portions corresponding to one degree of latitude. Pierre Méchain and Jean-Baptiste Delambre combined their measurements with the results of the Spanish-French geodetic mission and found a value of 1/334 for the Earth's flattening, and they then extrapolated from their measurement of the Paris meridian arc between Dunkirk and Barcelona the distance from the North Pole to the Equator which was 5 130 740 toises. As the metre had to be equal to one ten-millionth of this distance, it was defined as 0.513074 toise or 3 feet and 11.296 lines of the Toise of Peru. The Toise of Peru had been constructed in 1735 as the standard of reference in the Spanish- French Geodesic Mission, conducted in actual Ecuador from 1735 to 1744.
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The meridional (interhemispheric) mode demonstrates seasonal changes, arriving to a maximum during the boreal spring, on and north of the equator. The seasonal changes in surface wind forcing, which are closely linked to the seasonal displacement of the ITCZ, incite a response on the ocean surface, affecting current systems in the tropical Atlantic as well as the slope of the underlying thermocline (THC). For example, during the Southern hemisphere spring and summer months (November–April), when the south trade winds are weak and the ITCZ is displaced further to the south, there is enhanced flow to the north along the coast of South America via the North Brazil Current (NBO); this helps transport additional heat further to the north. The Atlantic ITCZ is very sensitive to even small changes in the interhemispheric SST gradient due to the fact that tropical SSTs are very uniform in magnitude throughout the equatorial region between -.
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The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) is an international project designed to study the mechanistic link between water mass transformation at high latitudes and the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic (AMOC ) on interannual time scales. Though this linkage is evident in climate models on decadal time scales, to date there has been no clear demonstration of AMOC variability in response to changes in deep water formation on interannual and decadal time scales. OSNAP intends to fill that gap by providing a continuous record of the trans-basin fluxes of heat, mass and freshwater for a comparison to records of convective activity and water mass transformation at high latitudes in the North Atlantic. The OSNAP observing system, fully deployed in the summer of 2014, consists of moorings, gliders and RAFOS floats spanning the subpolar North Atlantic from Labrador to Greenland to Scotland.
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Naming the central ray passing through the entrance pupil the axis of the pencil or principal ray, it can be said: the rays of the pencil intersect, not in one point, but in two focal lines, which can be assumed to be at right angles to the principal ray; of these, one lies in the plane containing the principal ray and the axis of the system, i.e. in the first principal section or meridional section, and the other at right angles to it, i.e. in the second principal section or sagittal section. We receive, therefore, in no single intercepting plane behind the system, as, for example, a focusing screen, an image of the object point; on the other hand, in each of two planes lines O' and O" are separately formed (in neighboring planes ellipses are formed), and in a plane between O' and O" a circle of least confusion.
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Data on the Tasman Front shows that the path of the front is influenced in part by the forcing of the flow over the major ridge systems. Meanders observed in the Tasman Front can be driven by meridional flows along ridges such as those observed at the New Caledonia Trough (166° E) and the Norfolk Ridge (167° E). Abyssal currents also drive meanders associated with the Lord Howe Rise (161° E) and Dampier Ridge (159° E). There have been a number of observational and modeling studies on this front in addition to a number of paleo-oceanographic studies of marine sediments. Contrarily, there have been few biological observational studies, but those have been conducted resulted in relating the physical features of the front to properties of fish communities. Likewise, there are even fewer studies relating biogeochemical properties to physical processes of the Tasman Front.
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The artists awarded at the VI Quadrennial in Rome exhibit their works in a traveling exhibition that goes beyond Italian borders, reaching France, and then returns to our country ending in Siena.The international "Exposition des Laureats de la VI.e Quadriennale d'Art de Rome" was held between January and June 1953, moving between several cities in France: Bordeaux (January 10-20), Nantes (January 30 to February 10), Montpellier (February 20-28), Marseille (March 7-20), Mentone (March 28 to April 12), Grenoble (April 15 to 30), Strasbourg (May 6 to 25), Chambéry (May 30 to June 5), Tolouse (June 6-27) and then had its conclusion in Siena, Italy (July to September 1953). Reference to Tristano Alberti can be found in C.H.Rocquet, "L'Italie contemporaine", "Notre Bourdeaux" January 1953; F.J. Temple, "Artistes Italiens Contemporains", "Les Arts" March 1953; J.De Morigiou in "Meridional", March 1953; A.Michot "Bourdeaux, Art Italien", in "Les Arts". In 1951, Rinaldo Alberti was born, the only son of Tristano and Fernanda.
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385 , 1997 The term Tropical Atlantic SST dipole is only one of the characteristic names used to refer to this mode of variability; other definitions include the interhemispheric SST gradient or the Meridional Atlantic mode. This decadal-scale SST pattern constitutes one of the key features of SST variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, with another one being the Atlantic Equatorial Mode or Atlantic Niño, which occurs in the zonal (east-west) direction at interannual timescales, with sea surface temperature and heat content anomalies being observed in the eastern equatorial basin.A.D. Moura and J. Shukla,On the Dynamics of Droughts in Northeast Brazil: Observations, Theory and Numerical Experiments with a General Circulation Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Science, Vol. 38, 1981 Its importance in climate dynamics and decadal-scale climate prediction is evident when investigating its impact on adjacent continental regions such as the Northeast Brazil, the Sahel as well as its influence on North Atlantic cyclogenesis.
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In archaeology, this time frame coincides with the final stages of the Upper Paleolithic in many areas. The Younger Dryas was the most recent and longest of several interruptions to the gradual warming of the Earth's climate since the severe LGM, about 27,000 to 24,000 years BP. The change was relatively sudden, taking place in decades, and it resulted in a decline of temperatures in Greenland by 4 to 10 °C (7.2 to 18 °F) and advances of glaciers and drier conditions, over much of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. It is thought to have been caused by a decline in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which transports warm water from the Equator towards the North Pole, in turn thought to have been caused by an influx of fresh, cold water from North America to the Atlantic. The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change, but the effects were complex and variable.
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In recent years research tied the Bølling–Allerød warming to the release of heat from warm waters originating from the deep North Atlantic Ocean, possibly triggered by a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at the time. Study results which would help to explain the abruptness of the Bølling–Allerød warming, based on observations and simulations, found that 3°–5 °C Ocean warming occurred at intermediate depths in the North Atlantic over several millennia during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1). The authors postulated that this warm salty water (WSW) layer, situated beneath the colder surface freshwater in the North Atlantic, generated ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE) over decades at the end of HS1. According to fluid modelling, at one point the accumulation of OCAPE was released abruptly (~1 month) into kinetic energy of thermobaric cabbeling convection (TCC), resulting in the warmer salty waters getting to the surface and subsequently warming of ca.
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Gunter's chain was one chain (one tenth of a furlong) in length and consisted of 100 links, making each link 0.001 furlongs. The decimal nature of these units and of the device made it easy to calculate the area of a rectangle of land in acres and decimal fractions of an acre.. Having difficulties in communicating with German scientists, the Scottish inventor James Watt, in 1783, called for the creation of a global decimal measurement system. A letter of invitation, in 1790, from the French National Assembly to the British Parliament to help create such a system using the length of a pendulum as the base unit of length received the support of the British Parliament, championed by John Riggs Miller, but when the French overthrew their monarchy and decided to use the meridional definition of the metre as their base unit, Britain withdrew support. The French continued alone and created the foundations of what is now called the Système International d'Unités and is the measurement system for most of the world.
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Harris shares with certain other authors of navigational books, (though not the anonymous writers of The Admiralty Manual of Navigation Vols I to IV), an urgent desire to instruct and a certain amount of ill-hidden scorn for those who won't take his instruction on board, especially when he is advocating new methods. "And it is as difficult to prevail upon People to leave any old Custom, however erroneous; I have sometimes been very plain in shewing the Absurdities of some things". Much time and space, for example, perhaps rather too much, is devoted to the utter destruction of the false notion that the departure and the meridional distance are one and the same; he comes back and back to this theme throughout the book. In this he anticipates the impatience of Captain STS Lecky, who in his famous Tables of 1890 reserves the epithets 'Mugwump' and 'not fit to navigate an Essex barge or a Runcorn flat' for those who might fail to act upon his advice.
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In 2020, a study showed that the process of relaxation (adjustment) of localized large-scale pressure anomalies in the lower equatorial troposphere, generates structures strongly resembling the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) events, as seen in vorticity, pressure, and moisture fields. Indeed it is demonstrated that baroclinicity and moist convection substantially change the scenario of the quasi-barotropic “dry” adjustment, which was established in the framework of one-layer shallow water model and consists, in the long-wave sector, in the emission of equatorial Rossby waves, with dipolar meridional structure, to the West, and of equatorial Kelvin waves, to the East. If moist convection is strong enough, a dipolar cyclonic structure, which appears in the process of adjustment as a Rossby-wave response to the perturbation, transforms into a coherent modon- like structure in the lower layer, which couples with a baroclinic Kelvin wave through a zone of enhanced convection and produces, at initial stages of the process, a self-sustained slowly eastward-propagating zonally- dissymmetrical quadrupolar vorticity pattern.
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From the Oxus (1,000 feet) to Faizabad (4,000 feet) and Zebak (8,500 feet) the course of the Kokcha offers a high road across Badakhshan; between Zebak and Ishkashim, at the Oxus bend, there is but an insignificant pass of 9,500 feet; and from Ishkashim by the Panj River, through the Pamirs, is the continuation of what must once have been a much-traversed trade route connecting Afghan Turkestan with Kashgar of China. It is undoubtedly one of the great continental high-roads of Asia. North of the Kokcha, within the Oxus bend, is the mountainous district of Darwaz, of which the physiography belongs rather to the Pamir type than to that of the Hindu Kush. A very remarkable meridional range extends for 100 miles northwards from the Hindu Kush (it is across this range that the route from Zebak to Ishkashim lies), which determines the great bend of the Oxus river northwards from Ishkashim, and narrows the valley of that river into the formation of a trough as far as the next bend westwards at Kala Wamar.
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Abrupt climate changes have occurred in the past, most clearly recorded in climate records from glacial ice on Greenland. There have been several explanations put forward for these changes, but the prevailing paradigm is that these changes were a result of changes in ocean currents, specifically the northward transport of heat by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). One example of this is the Younger Dryas, in which a rapid decline in temperature, recorded in Greenland as a drop of 4 to 10°C (7.2 to 18°F) over just a few decades, is thought to have been caused by the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet providing extra freshwater to the North Atlantic and interrupting the AMOC. It is believed that recent climate change has caused a 15-20% slowing of the Gulf Stream, a current which transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico towards north-west Europe, due to a melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet resulting in large amounts of freshwater pouring into the North Atlantic.
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