Deadly mercury sulfide acted as rouge in the 16th century; lead-based products were used to smooth out skin; mercury was considered a zit-zapper.
|
|
Throughout part II, The OA explains the house, created in the 1910s by an engineer and a medium, is built on a spring producing mercury sulfide vapors.
|
|
The naturally occuring spring — the source of the mercury sulfide — predates Ruskin, and he's simply "crowdsourcing" the kids in order to figure out the greater puzzle of the house.
|
|
Sample of the mercury sulfide ore, cinnabar Primary sources of mercury emissions can be natural or anthropogenic. Most natural mercury occurs as the mercury sulfide mineral, cinnabar, which is one of the only significant ores of mercury. Organic-rich sedimentary rocks can also contain elevated mercury. Weathering of minerals and geothermal activity release mercury to the environment.
|
|
GD.10 #Metacalciouranoite (wolsendorfite: IMA1971-054) 4.GB.20 #Metacinnabar (sphalerite: 1870) 2.CB.05a (IUPAC: mercury sulfide) #Metadelrioite (IMA1967-006) 4.HG.40 (IUPAC: strontium calcium dihydro divanadate) #Metahaiweeite (IMA1962 s.p.
|
|
The reaction has several stages as follows: Igniting mercury thiocyanate causes it to form an insoluble brown mass that is primarily carbon nitride, C3N4. Mercury sulfide and carbon disulfide are also produced.
|
|
Mercury sulfide, mercuric sulfide, mercury sulphide, or mercury(II) sulfide is a chemical compound composed of the chemical elements mercury and sulfur. It is represented by the chemical formula HgS. It is virtually insoluble in water.
|
|
As the mercury cell as used in the chlor-alkali industry (Castner–Kellner process) is being phased out over concerns over mercury emissions, the metallic mercury from these setups is converted into mercury sulfide for underground storage.
|
|
Cinnabar itself is a mercuric sulfide mineral occurring in red crystals. Mercury sulfide is used as a red pigment. The Miño river was named after this mercuric sulfide mineral. In Spanish naming customs, people carry two surnames, the first paternal the second maternal.
|
|
Kenhsuite is a mercury sulfide with chloride ions. It was described as a species from specimens obtained at the McDermitt mine, in Opalite, Humboldt Nevada county, (USA). The name is a tribute to Dr. Kenneth Junghwa Hsu. Professor Emeritus of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland).
|
|
Medieval Craftsmen series. Toronto: U Toronto P,1992. Print. 62. The resin of Dracaena species, "true" dragon's blood, and the very poisonous mineral cinnabar (mercury sulfide) were often confused by the ancient Romans. In ancient China, little or no distinction was made among the types of dragon's blood from the different species.
|
|
CB.05c (IUPAC: (zinc,mercury) sulfide) #Polkanovite (IMA1997-030) 2.AC.30 (IUPAC: dodecarhenium heptarsenide) #Polkovicite (1974-037) 2.CB.35a ((Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)(1-x)S4) #Polloneite (sartorite: IMA2014-093) 2.0 [no] [no] (AgPb46As26Sb23S120) #Pollucite (zeolitic tectosilicate: IMA1997 s.p., 1846) 9.GB.05 (IUPAC: caesium (aluminodisilicate) hexaoxide (n)hydrate) #Polyakovite-(Ce) (chevkinite: IMA1998-029) 9.
|
|
Mercury release occurs by both natural and anthropogenic processes. Natural processes are mainly geogenic such as volcanic activities and land emissions through soil. Volcanoes release mercury from the underground reservoirs upon eruption. Land emissions are usually observed in the regions closer to plate tectonic boundaries where soils are enriched with minerals such as cinnabar containing Mercury sulfide(HgS).
|
|
About 220,000 ounces of gold produced, mainly from the Tuluksuk River (where the town of Nyac is located) and Crooked Creek basins and with lesser production from Wattamuse and other creeks scattered around the district. Mining continues at present, but reserves are not known. Cinnabar (mercury sulfide) occurs in many of the placer mines in this district, most notably at Cinnabar Creek.
|
|
Kenhsuite appears as aggregates of capillary or needle microcrystals, with a glassy or silky sheen. The mineral is originally colorless or white in color, but is most often tinged with orange or red due to the presence of associated cinnabar. Prolonged exposure to light causes their darkening. The mercury sulfide chloride with the composition of kenhsuite is known in three polymorphic forms.
|
|
Mishra, p. 86 The usual means used to administer these substances is by preparations called bhasma, Sanskrit for "ash". Calcination, which is described in the literature of the art as shodhana, "purification", is the process used to prepare these bhasma for administration. Sublimation and the preparation of a mercury sulfide are also in use in the preparation of its materia medica.
|
|
Metacinnabar is the cubic form of mercury sulfide (HgS). It is the low temperature form and trimorphous with cinnabar (trigonal structure) and the high temperature hypercinnabar (hexagonal structure). It occurs with cinnabar in mercury deposits and is associated with native mercury, wurtzite, stibnite, marcasite, realgar, calcite, barite, chalcedony and hydrocarbons. It was first described in 1870 for an occurrence in the Redington mine, Knoxville, Napa County, California.
|
|
The Dreamy Draw Recreation Area is located in the pass between the Stoney/Echo mountain ridge and Piestewa Peak known as Dreamy Draw. The name originated from the neurological effects suffered by miners who worked the area's cinnabar (mercury sulfide) mine.Richard Nilsen, "Lore of Dreamy Draw: Mad Men, Green Men and Lots of Great Hikes", Arizona Republic, December 19, 2008 There is a flood prevention dam in the Dreamy Draw area.
|
|
Boys covered with mercury-containing red vermilion chemical in a factory producing colour in Bangladesh. Traditional sindoor was made with turmeric and alum or lime, or from other herbal ingredients. Unlike red lead and vermilion, these are not poisonous. Modern material being sold as sindhoor mainly uses vermilion, an orange-red pigment, the purified and powdered form of cinnabar, which is the chief form in which mercury sulfide naturally occurs.
|
|
Sindoor Shop selling sindoor in Pushkar, Rajasthan, India. Sindoor is a traditional vermilion red or orange-red colored cosmetic powder from the Indian subcontinent, usually worn by married women along the part of their hair. In Hindu communities the use of sindoor indicates a woman is married and ceasing to wear it usually implies widowhood. The main component of traditional sindooram is usually cinnabar (cinnabar is mercury sulfide, a toxic mineral), turmeric and lime.
|
|
The scrolls were analyzed using a cyclotron at the University of California, Davis, where it was found that all black ink was carbon black. The red ink on the scrolls was found to be made with cinnabar (HgS, mercury sulfide). There are only four uses of this red ink in the entire collection of Dead Sea Scroll fragments. The black inks found on the scrolls that are made up of carbon soot were found to be from olive oil lamps.
|
|
The mountain is built of serpentinite, limestone and magmatic rocks, which are injected in the shape of cone (laccolith). Other peaks include Ladne vode (), Zvečara (), Sakinac (). The Avala had deposits of ores, most notably lead and mercury's ore of cinnabarite but mining activities which can be traced to the pre-Antiquity times. Archeologist Miloje Vasić believed that the vast mines of cinnabarite (mercury-sulfide) on Avala were crucial for the development of the Vinča culture, on the banks of the Danube circa 5700 BC. Settlers of Vinča apparently melted cinnabarite and used it in metallurgy.
|
|
The woman was buried in a simple spruce wood coffin, her left hand holding her right arm above the wrist. The mummy was mostly intact: only the head and feet had decomposed while parts of her dress and hair were conserved. Her height was 142 cm, which is small even by contemporary standards; skinfolds point at a stout body. A first examination in 1976 by anthropologist Bruno Kaufmann revealed that Mercury sulfide (found in the whole body, especially in the lungs), prevented decay and was responsible for the mummification.
|
|
Despite its toxicity, mercury sulfide (cinnabar) has historically been used in Chinese medicine, where it is called zhūshā (朱砂), and was highly valued in Chinese Alchemy. It was also referred to as dān (丹), meaning all of Chinese alchemy, cinnabar, and the "elixir of immortality". Cinnabar has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine as a sedative for more than 2000 years, and has been shown to have sedative and toxic effects in mice. In addition to being used for insomnia, cinnabar is thought to be effective for cold sores, sore throat, and some skin infections.
|
|
The Avala had deposits of ores, most notably lead and mercury's ore of cinnabarite but mining activities which can be traced to the pre-Antiquity times. Archeologist Miloje Vasić believed that the vast mines of cinnabarite (mercury-sulfide) on Avala were crucial for the development of the Vinča culture, on the banks of the Danube circa 5700 BC. Settlers of Vinča apparently melted cinnabarite and used it in metallurgy. First miners on Avala recorded in history were the Celtic tribe of Scordisci and it is believed that they built the first outpost on the top of the mountain.
|
|
According to legend, a bucket maker working in a local spring spotted a small amount of liquid mercury over 500 years ago. Idrija is one of the few places in the world where mercury occurs in both its elemental liquid state and as cinnabar (mercury sulfide) ore. The subterranean shaft mine entrance known as Anthony's Shaft (Antonijev rov) is used today for tours of the upper levels, complete with life-sized depictions of workers over the ages. The lower levels, which extend to almost 400 meters below the surface and are no longer being actively mined, are currently being cleaned up.
|
|
Vasić believed that success of the culture can be accredited to the vast mines of cinnabar, or mercury sulfide, at the nearby Avala mountain, which settlers of Vinča melted and used in metallurgy. Childe also supported Vasić's efforts to publish the findings in his magnum opus, the monumental monograph Prehistoric Vinča volumes I-IV (1932–36). Without modern dating techniques and guided by his firm belief in Greek colonization, Vasić went too far in dating of the medieval tell of Beli Breg. He considered it to be an Ionian colony and placed it in the 7th century B.C, publishing his ideas in Ionian colony of Vinča in 1948.
|
|
In November 2014 "large quantities" of mercury were discovered in a chamber 60 feet below the 1800-year-old pyramid known as the "Temple of the Feathered Serpent," "the third largest pyramid of Teotihuacan," Mexico along with "jade statues, jaguar remains, a box filled with carved shells and rubber balls." The ancient Greeks used cinnabar (mercury sulfide) in ointments; the ancient Egyptians and the Romans used it in cosmetics. In Lamanai, once a major city of the Maya civilization, a pool of mercury was found under a marker in a Mesoamerican ballcourt. By 500 BC mercury was used to make amalgams (Medieval Latin amalgama, "alloy of mercury") with other metals.
|
|
Several common mercury compounds are indeed red, such as mercury sulfide (from which the bright-red pigment vermilion was originally derived), mercury(II) oxide, and mercury(II) iodide, and others are explosive, such as mercury(II) fulminate. No use for any of these compounds in nuclear weapons has been publicly documented. "Red mercury" could also be a code name for a substance that contains no mercury at all, perhaps another name for the mysterious, but acknowledged, FOGBANK compound. A variety of different items have been chemically analyzed as putative samples of "red mercury" since the substance first came to the attention of the media, but no single substance was found in these items.
|
|
When a modern fluorescent tube is discarded, the main concern is the mercury, which is a significant toxic pollutant. One way to avoid releasing mercury into the environment is to combine it with sulfur to form mercury sulfide, which will prevent vapor release and is insoluble in water. One advantage of sulfur is its low cost. The reaction is shown with the equation: Hg + S → HgS The easiest way to combine sulfur and mercury is to cover a group of fluorescent tubes with sulfur dust (sometimes called "flowers of sulfur") and to break the tubes; when the glass fragments are put into a bag to continue with the reaction, the mercury will combine with sulfur without any other action.
|
|
Scientists from the Tokyo Research Institute for Cultural Properties in Japan, the Centre of Research and Restoration of the French Museums in France, the Getty Conservation Institute in the United States, and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, analysed samples from the paintings, typically less than 1 mm across. They discovered that the paint contained pigments such as vermilion (red mercury sulfide) and lead white (lead carbonate). These were mixed with a range of binders, including natural resins, gums (possibly animal skin glue or egg), and oils, probably derived from walnuts or poppies. Specifically, researchers identified drying oils from murals showing Buddhas in vermilion robes sitting cross-legged amid palm leaves and mythical creatures as being painted in the middle of the 7th century.
|
|
Sulfur dioxide is the product of the burning of sulfur or of burning materials that contain sulfur: : S + O2 → SO2, ΔH = −297 kJ/mol To aid combustion, liquified sulfur (140–150 °C, 284-302 °F) is sprayed through an atomizing nozzle to generate fine drops of sulfur with a large surface area. The reaction is exothermic, and the combustion produces temperatures of 1000–1600 °C (1832–2912 °F). The significant amount of heat produced is recovered by steam generation that can subsequently be converted to electricity. The combustion of hydrogen sulfide and organosulfur compounds proceeds similarly. For example: : 2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 H2O + 2 SO2 The roasting of sulfide ores such as pyrite, sphalerite, and cinnabar (mercury sulfide) also releases SO2:Shriver, Atkins.
|
|
Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Vermilion: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Cinnabar (It is noted on page 193 that Cinnabar is the same color as Vermilion): Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11 The term cinnabar was used interchangeably with vermilion until the 17th century, when vermilion became the more common name. Now the term "cinnabar" is used in mineralogy and crystallography for the red crystalline form of mercury sulfide HgS. Thus, the natural mineral pigment is called "cinnabar", and its synthetic form is called "vermilion". In ancient times the term "cinnabar" could also be applied to red lead.
|
|
The "Red Jaguar" statue found in what is described as the throne room of the Temple of Kukulcán at the Chichen Itza archaeological site What appears to be a throne (referred to as the "Red Jaguar") was discovered in the room described as the throne room. The jaguar throne was previously presumed to have been decorated with flint and green stone discs, but recent research has determined the jaguar to be composed of highly symbolic and valued materials for ritualistic significance. The use of x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) was used to determine that the sculpture is painted red with a pigment that includes cinnabar, or mercury sulfide (HgS). Cinnabar was not in accessible proximity to Chichén Itzá, so the transportation of this pigment through long-distance trade would have placed a high value on this product.
|
|
Thiourea is employed as a source of sulfide, such as for converting alkyl halides to thiols. The reaction capitalizes on the high nucleophilicity of the sulfur center and easy hydrolysis of the intermediate isothiouronium salt: :CS(NH2)2 \+ RX → : + 2 NaOH → RSNa + OC(NH2)2 \+ NaX :RSNa + HCl → RSH + NaCl In this example, ethane-1,2-dithiol is prepared from 1,2-dibromoethane: :C2H4Br2 \+ 2 SC(NH2)2 → [C2H4(SC(NH2)2)2]Br2 :[C2H4(SC(NH2)2)2]Br2 \+ 2 KOH → C2H4(SH)2 \+ 2 OC(NH2)2 \+ 2 KBr Like other thioamides, thiourea can serve as a source of sulfide upon reaction with metal ions. For example, mercury sulfide forms when mercuric salts in aqueous solution are treated with thiourea: :Hg2+ \+ SC(NH2)2 \+ H2O → HgS + OC(NH2)2 \+ 2 H+ These sulfiding reactions, which have been applied to the synthesis of many metal sulfides, require water and typically some heating.
|
|