132 Sentences With "mental deficiency" | Random Sentence Generator

But Dr. Pike doesn't think a lack of animal imagery marks a mental deficiency in Neanderthals.

At the time, Indigenous people were often subjected to IQ testing to establish mental deficiency as a diagnosis for sterilization.

"I'm one of those people, unfortunately, who has this mental deficiency: When I rent, I can't go all in," Mr. Daly said.

And if democracy survives — which is by no means certain — it will largely be thanks to one unpredictable piece of good luck: Donald Trump's mental deficiency.

Crayton was arrested for "Injury to a Child under the age of 15 through recklessly, by omission, causing to a child, serious mental deficiency, impairment or injury," police said.

Crayton was arrested on July 10 after a warrant was issued, and was charged with injury to a child under the age of 15 through recklessly, by omission, causing to a child, serious mental deficiency, impairment or injury, which is a second-degree felony, according to the Seguin Police Department's post.

The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 replaced the Commission with the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency.

Clarke A., & Clarke, A. (1958-1985). Mental Deficiency: The Changing Outlook.

Gattie, W. H., Holt-Hughes, T. H., "Note on the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913", The Law Quarterly Review 30 (1914) 209 At the height of operation of the Mental Deficiency Act, 65,000 people were placed in "colonies" or in other institutional settings. The act remained in effect until it was repealed by the Mental Health Act 1959.Jan Walmsley, "Women and the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913: citizenship, sexuality and regulation", British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28 (2000), 65.

The functions of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency were transferred to the minister.

A.F. Tredgold, Mental Deficiency (Amentia) A.F. Tredgold, Mental Deficiency (Amentia) Dr Alfred Frank Tredgold FRSE FRCP TD (1870-1952) was a 20th-century British neurologist and psychiatrist and expert in Amentia. He also wrote on eugenics from the early 20th century. He was a member of the Eugenics Education Society.

The Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913 replaced the Commission with the General Board of Control for Scotland.

He was a medical adviser to Birmingham Mental Deficiency Committee and assisted the police courts with cases of mental deficiency. He was a medical adviser to the Royal Albert Institution. Potts was assistant lecturer in pharmacology at the University of Birmingham. Potts co-authored Mentally Deficient Children: Their Treatment and Training with G. E. Shuttleworth.

The term feeble-minded was used from the late nineteenth century in Europe, the United States and Australasia for disorders later referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind. At the time, mental deficiency encompassed all degrees of educational and social deficiency. Within the concept of mental deficiency, researchers established a hierarchy, ranging from idiocy, at the most severe end of the scale; to imbecility, at the median point; and to feeble-mindedness at the highest end of functioning. The latter was conceived of as a form of high-grade mental deficiency.

The bill was withdrawn, but a government bill introduced on 10 June 1912 replaced it, which would become the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.

He was in 1942 president of the neurology section of the Royal Society of Medicine. He was from 1943 to 1946 chair of the Mental Deficiency Committee and in 1946–1947 chair of the Mental Deficiency Section of the Royal Medico- Psychological Association. He gave in 1947 the Morison lecture on Infantile Cerebral Hemiplegia to the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh.

Ruth Frances Darwin CBE (20 August 1883 – 15 October 1972) was Commissioner of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency and an advocate of eugenics.

From its opening, until 1948, Broadmoor was managed by a Council of Supervision, appointed by and reporting to the Home Secretary. Thereafter, the Criminal Justice Act of 1948 transferred ownership of the hospital to the Department of Health (and the newly formed NHS) and oversight to the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency established under the Mental Deficiency Act 1913. It also renamed the hospital Broadmoor Institution.

Under the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913, the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland was reconstructed and designated the General Board of Control for Scotland.

Edmonton Journal, B.3. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Canadian Newsstand Core. (Document ID: 21080170). During the trial, a quote that he wrote in the American Journal of Mental Deficiency was produced.

He began a course for social trainers, was a founding member of the Australian Group for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency, and was involved in the purchase of Tresillian Hospital in Nedlands.

Twenty patients including a fourteen-year-old underwent surgery in little over a year. One patient died.GW Mackay 1948 Leucotomy in the treatment of psychopathic feeble-minded patients in a state mental deficiency institution.

Pollock was statistical consultant to the National Committee for Mental Hygiene for 25 years, and helped compile a statistical manual for hospitals jointly sponsored by the committee and the American Psychiatric Association. Pollock completed the same task for the American Association on Mental Deficiency. The American Association on Mental Deficiency granted Pollock membership status, and he was elected its president in 1943. Other societies to award Pollock membership included the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

She stood down from the council in October 1913 upon appointment as commissioner on the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. Pinsent worked for many years with the Central Association for Mental Welfare. She was a founder of the National Association for the Care of the Feebleminded, an active member of the Eugenic Education Society, and served on the general committee of the First International Eugenic Conference. Her support for eugenic policies is reflected in the provisions of the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.

Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Benjamin, L. T., Jr., Rogers, A., & Rosenbaum, A. (1991). Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency: Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 27, 42-55.

Doctors at St Lawrence's Hospital decided to abandon the experiment.M Engler. Prefrontal leucotomy in mental defectives. 1948 Journal of Mental Science 94: 844–50. Rampton Hospital, another mental deficiency institution, began using psychosurgery in January 1947.

Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London Sir Edward Marriott Cooke KBE (1852 – 17 October 1931) was a British doctor and Commissioner in Lunacy from 1898 to 1914, and a Commissioner of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency.

Reiss, S., & Szyszko, J. (1983). Diagnostic overshadowing and professional experience with mentally retarded persons. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 87, 396-402. In 1987 he organized the first-ever international conference on the mental health aspects of intellectual disabilities.

Vagrancy; nomadic and migratory tribes. :16. Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the reception or treatment of lunatics and mental deficients. :17. Prevention of cruelty to animals. :17-A. Forests. :17-B. Protection of wild animals and birds. :18.

The first courses that Michigan State Normal College started for the Department of Special Education were in the summer of 1915. The courses that were offered are as follows: 1\. Mental deficiency 2\. Psychology of backward and mentally deficient children 3\.

Signs and symptoms were generalized dystonia, scoliosis, blepharospasm, and involuntary movements of the head and neck. There are many more cases of mutations in the TIMM8A gene with varying symptoms, commonly including dystonia, mental deficiency, sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, and others.

She served as the chair of the statutory mental deficiency committee and a key member of the Somerset Association for Mental Welfare (SAMW). The Norah Fry Research Centre in the University of Bristol is named after her, as was a hospital in Shepton Mallet.

The Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency was a body overseeing the treatment of the mentally ill in England and Wales. It was created by the Mental Deficiency Act 1913 to replace the Commissioners in Lunacy, under the Home Office however it was independent in that it reported to the Lord Chancellor who had responsibility for investigating breaches of care and integrity. The Board was transferred to the Ministry of Health by the Ministry of Health Act 1919, and reorganised in 1930. The Board consisted of a Chairman, two Senior Medical Commissioners, one Senior Legal Commissioner, six Commissioners including lawyers and doctors, six Inspectors and administrative staff.

By 1913 the furniture in the school rooms was changed to suit the requirements of the class size, much consideration was given to the Mental Deficiency Bill and what would happen if it was passed. In 1914 the home was renamed the Scottish National Institution, Larbert, this was due to the original Mental Deficiency Act becoming law. A water tank was installed in 1914 in case of a fire; also the buildings that could be were roofed with lead and flat roofs were re-roofed in zinc. By 1915 the institution had over 400 patients residing inside it, this meant that many buildings were in need of extension, the most important of which was the sanatorium.

This section created the offence of indecent assault on a man. Section 15(1) replaced section 62 of Offences against the Person Act 1861. Section 15(2) replaced section 1 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1922. Section 15(3) replaced section 56(3) of the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.

In 1947 she organized the American Board of Professional Psychology. She was an author of articles in journals on Mental Hygiene, Delinquency and Mental Deficiency. She was active in civic work. She was a member of the Women's Faculty Club at University of California and the San Francisco Women's City Club.

García received many awards over her long career including a Kennedy Foundation Honor in 1966; the Award for Leadership in Mental Deficiency from the American Association on Mental Deficiency (Chicago, USA, 1976); Award of Merit from the Panamanian President's Committee on Mental Retardation (1975); Order of the Corbata Class A, Andrés Bello from the Government of Venezuela (Caracas, Venezuela, 1976); and an appointment by the Secretary General of the UN to participate in the "World Symposium of Experts on International Cooperation Programs for Disabled", awarded by the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (India, 1985). In 1988 she was honored by the OAS with the Andrés Bello Award for her regional contributions to the education of the disabled; that same year she was awarded a medal from the Government of Ecuador for her efforts in special education; and the following year the University of Kansas created a scholarship through the Bureau of Child Research in her name, which is granted to professionals wishing to study early intervention and stimulation. She was President of the International League of Associations for Persons with Mental Handicap from 1986 to 1990.

At age 14, he exhibited a fear of physical contact; at age 15, he experienced a severe psychotic episode, characterized by agitation and a loss of sociosexual inhibition. This array of symptoms were treated pharmocologically (with prescription medications). He maintained a low level of mental deficiency by age 17, with moments of compulsive echolalia.

Further, IQ testing would reveal that Muir did not suffer from mental deficiency. The court ruled in favour of the plaintiff and awarded Muir $740,780 CAD and an additional sum of $230,000 CAD for legal costs. This precedent-setting case opened the doors for other individuals seeking reparation for suffering under the Sexual Sterilization Act.

Gillespie syndrome, also called aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and mental deficiency. is a rare genetic disorder. The disorder is characterized by partial aniridia (meaning that part of the iris is missing), ataxia (motor and coordination problems), and, in most cases, intellectual disability. It is heterogeneous, inherited in either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner.

Heber was born on January 12, 1932. He received his BA from the University of Arkansas in 1953. He then served as principal of the Manitoba School for Mental Deficiency for a year before enrolling at Michigan State University, where he received his master's degree in 1955. In 1957, he received his Ph.D. from George Peabody College.

Martin was born in Whanganui, New Zealand. A difficult birth resulted in a brain injury. As a baby he was sent to Kimberley Mental Deficiency Colony (later renamed the Kimberley Centre). Apart from brief periods living with his family and a failed attempt at fostering, Martin spent his childhood in institutions as a ward of the state.

The brittle, short hair, reduced eyelashes, crowded teeth, and dull appearance created a characteristic facial appearance. Post-pubertal patients had development of secondary sexual characteristics consistent with their age, except for sparse pubic escutcheons. All cases studied demonstrated some degree of mental deficiency; I.Q.'s ranged between 50–60. A deficiency in eye–hand coordination was also noted.

6 (Loeb: p.255). explaining how to judge such issues as whether the child will be male or female (ch.6); whether the birth will produce twins or multiple children (ch.7); and whether it will involve physical defects or monstrous forms; if so, whether these are accompanied by mental deficiency, notability or honour (ch.8).

Sentry joins the Dark Avengers, Norman Osborn's personal team of Avengers, stating that Osborn is helping him in return after Osborn confides his own mental deficiency in Bob.Dark Avengers #1 and #3. Marvel Comics. Upon confronting the sorceress Morgan le Fay, the Sentry kills her only to have her come back to life and kill him in turn.

The development of the ranking system of mental deficiency has been attributed to Sir Charles Trevelyan in 1876, and was associated with the rise of eugenics. The term and hierarchy had been used in that sense at least ten years previously. "Wild card" terms outside the established hierarchy such as idiot savant, may have been used as connotations for varying degrees of autism.

He served as an editor for the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (1970–1971). As well as serving as an associated editor of the American Journal of Mental Deficiency. Baer also spent much time traveling to other countries, including Australia, Japan, and Spain, while serving as a distinguished visiting professor. He died April 28, 2002 of heart failure in Lawrence, Kansas.

In 1986, the Fair Labor Standards Act was amended to allow the United States Secretary of Labor to provide special certificates to allow an employer to pay less than the minimum wage to individuals whose earning or productive capacity is impaired by age, physical or mental deficiency, or injury."S.2884 — 99th Congress (1985-1986)". United States Congress. October 16, 1986.

Galton suggested that negative eugenics (i.e. an attempt to prevent them from bearing offspring) should be applied only to those in the lowest social group (the "Undesirables"), while positive eugenics applied to the higher classes. However, he appreciated the worth of the higher working classes to society and industry. The 1913 Mental Deficiency Act proposed the mass segregation of the "feeble minded" from the rest of society.

In 1929 Berry unexpectedly resigned and returned to Britain to take up the role as Head of Medical Services at Stoke Park Mental Hospital near Bristol in England. He also then took chairmanship of the Burden Mental Research Trust. He represented Queensland and New South Wales in his membership of the council of the British Medical Association. He continued studies into mental deficiency until 1940.

Sir Frederick Needham (bapt. 8 November 1835 – 6 September 1924) was an English physician who was a Commissioner in Lunacy of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency from 1892–1924. Needham was born in York, the son of Dr. James Peacock Needham and Elizabeth Baker. He was educated at St Peter's School, York, St Bartholomew's Hospital, and the University of St Andrews (MD, 1862).

Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media. Retrieved September 14, 2012. He was a member of the Society for Research in Child Development, American Association on Mental Deficiency, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also served on the advisory boards of Autism Society of America, Autism Society of North Carolina, Linwood Children's Center (Ellicott City, Maryland) and Bitter Sweet Farms (Toledo, Ohio).

Based largely on his experiences at the Southbury Training School, Sarason published his first book in 1949: Psychological Problems in Mental Deficiency. This book provided a new approach to intellectual disabilities that emphasized social and cultural factors that affect our understanding of intellectual disability. This book became popular in schools of education, and Sarason became well known in the field of education and, more specifically, special education.

From 1898 to 1914, he was one of the Commissioners in Lunacy, a UK public body established by the Lunacy Act 1845 to oversee the asylums and the general welfare of the mentally ill. Shaw was also a Commissioner of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. In 1918, he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE).

In the absence of male issue to Henry I, William was the eldest legitimate grandson of William the Conqueror. He would thus have been the principal rival to Henry's daughter Matilda to inherit the throne after Henry's death. However, he was not considered as a candidate for the English crown. Several historians have taken the view that he was passed over because of mental deficiency; hence his soubriquet "William the Simple".

He was born at 49 Liversage Street in Derby on 5 November 1870, the son of Joseph Tredgold, a builder's foreman, and his wife Bessie Smith. He studied Medicine at Durham University and graduated in 1899. He immediately began to specialise in mental health, working mainly in London hospitals. He won a scholarship from London County Council to study mental deficiency and worked for two years in London's asylums.

Sir Laurence George Brock CB (7 May 18791939 England and Wales Register - 29 April 1949) was a British civil servant. He was chairman of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency from 1928 to 1945."Brock, Sir Laurence George", Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2012; online edn, October 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2013.

By the 1920s the hospital was operating school clinics to help determine mental deficiency in children. Reports were made that various inhumane shock therapies, lobotomies, drugs, and straitjackets were being used to keep the crowded hospital under control. This sparked controversy. During the 1960s as a result of increased emphasis on alternative methods of treatment, deinstitutionalization, and community- based mental health care, the inpatient population started to decrease.

He migrated to WA the following year and spent four years at the Centre. In 1961 he joined the government's mental health services department and became a doctor at Claremont Mental Hospital. From 1964 to 1982 he was head of the former Mental Deficiency Division. He resolved to change the low priority mental health had in treatment and care, and was successful in transferring Claremont child patients into the community.

Due to the premature closing of the coronal sutures, increased cranial pressure can develop, leading to mental deficiency. A flat or concave face may develop as a result of deficient growth in the mid-facial bones, leading to a condition known as pseudomandibular prognathism. Other features of acrocephalosyndactyly may include shallow bony orbits and broadly spaced eyes. Low-set ears are also a typical characteristic of branchial arch syndromes.

The clock tower at Stoke Park Hospital (formerly Stoke Park Colony), erected to the memory of the Rev Harold Nelson Burden. Burden had good relations with the Home Office, and he was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-Minded in 1904, in which he was influential. Subsequently the Mental Deficiency Act 1913 was passed; it advocated "colonies" for people with mental disabilities."Stoke Park Colony" Science Museum Group.

She believed that these children should be cared for in the community. By 1898 the organisation began to take shape although the name of the Guardianship Society was formally registered in line with the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913. In 1914 (what may have been) the first British day- centre was opened in Brighton establishing Care in the Community. In the 1920s they bought two farms in Sussex so that men could learn rural skills.

At the 1918 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Monmouth in Wales and held the seat until his death in 1934, aged 68. At the consequent by-election, the Monmouth seat was held by the Conservatives. In addition to being an MP, he was also a Forestry Commissioner from 1920–1929. In 1921 he was also appointed a Mental Health Commissioner, under the terms of the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.

Many state and local minimum wage laws mirror such an age-based, tiered minimum wage. As well, in 1986, the Fair Labor Standards Act was amended to allow the United States Secretary of Labor to provide special certificates to allow an employer to pay less than the minimum wage to individuals whose earning or productive capacity is impaired by age, physical or mental deficiency, or injury."S.2884 — 99th Congress (1985-1986)". United States Congress.

About 6% of patients with a spinal cord injury commit suicide, usually in the years immediately after sustaining the injury. By ten years after an injury, the rate of suicide is similar to that of the general population. Many patients recover only partially from their injury, and must cope with paralysis or mental deficiency, usually requiring lifetime medical care. About 90% of patients who are single when injured are still single five years after the injury.

Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency: Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 27, 42-55. The Coca-Cola Company, facing a lawsuit from the federal government under the Pure Food and Drug Act, approached Hollingworth (after James McKeen Cattell and several other psychologists turned them down)Applied Psychology: The Legacy of Functionalism. (2008). In D. P. Schultz & S. E. Schultz (Authors), A history of modern psychology (9th ed.

This included a period working at the innovative Claybury Hospital under Dr F. W. Mott.ODNB: A F Tredgold He worked as a GP for two years then in 1905 as Physician to the Littleton Home for Defective Children gave evidence to the Royal Commission on the Feeble Minded. His findings came to fruition in the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913.ODNB: A F Tredgold In 1914 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Holding strong socialist principles Neil O'Connor forged academic connections with Soviet psychologists and neuropsychologists, for example, Alexander Luria. In this way, he helped spread their often advanced ideas on learning and attention in the education of children with mental deficiency among Western psychologists. Until 1968 O'Connor was a member of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Social Psychiatry Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry (University of London). He received the Kennedy Prize for his work with Jack TIzard.

Therefore, the Society aimed to reduce poverty in England through reducing the birth rate of the lowest classes and those of low intelligence. In 1912, she was the driving force behind the Society's organisation of the first International Eugenics Congress in South Kensington. After 1920 she acted as the Society Council's vice-president and later was elected to serve on the consultative council, a position that she held until her death in 1955. Neville-Rolfe implemented the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913.

Mary Dendy Hospital, National Archives, accessed 15 December 2014 Dendy was the driving force that established a colony for the "feeble-minded". Dendy believed in separate development to avoid crime and these people passing their problems on to their children. She joined the Eugenics Education Society some time after 1900. She argued that it should be legally possible to confine children who were "feeble-minded" and the Mental Deficiency Act 1913 and the Elementary Education Act 1914 enabled this to happen.

From 1975 to 1977, Haywood was Vice President for Psychology of the American Association on Mental Deficiency, now American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability, and President of the association from 1980 to 1981. From 1978 to 1979, he was President of the American Psychological Association's Division on Mental Retardation. From 1980 to 1982, he also served on the American Psychological Association's Council of Representatives. From 1988 to 1992, Haywood served as President of the International Association for Cognitive Education.

Potts began his scientific career at East Riding Mental Hospital and later went into general practice where he remained for twenty years. He was resident medical officer at East Riding Mental Hospital, resident surgeon to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and resident physician to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children. He was appointed chief medical investigator for the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-minded in 1906. Potts was active in promoting the passage of the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.

Its sister facility, the Hartwoodhill Hospital, which was designed by James Lochhead as a 'mental deficiency' hospital, was erected on the east side of Hartwood Road in 1935. However during the Second World War psychiatric patients from Bangour Village Hospital were evacuated there. The Scottish Union of Mental Patients was set up by mental patients at Hartwood Hospital in July 1971. At that time some 27 patients signed a petition to "redress of grievances and better conditions" at the hospital.

Zeichi-Ceide syndrome is a rare disease discovered in 2007. It is named after its discoverer, R.M. Zeichi-Ceide, who observed three siblings born of consanguineous parents with distinctive characteristics, including facial anomalies, large feet, mental deficiency, and occipital atretic cephalocele. The investigators suspected the symptoms were caused by autosomal recessive inheritance. As a rare disease, Zeichi-Ceide syndrome is registered in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's Genetic and Rare Diseases databases.

Until at least 1912, Mackellar had been convinced that environmental factors determined the development of the young. Enquiries abroad leading to his report as Royal Commissioner on the Treatment of Neglected and Delinquent Children in Great Britain, Europe and America (1913) caused him to modify his views. With Professor D.A.Welsh he published an essay, Mental Deficiency (1917) advocating better training and care of the feeble minded, and suggesting their sterilisation on eugenic grounds. Mackellar consistently lectured and published pamphlets to propagate social reform.

Kagin worked for a time as a college English instructor and served as editor of the American Association of Mental Deficiency and National Institute for Mental Health project that created the Adaptive Behavior Scale, an instrument for the assessment of mental retardation. But the larger part of his career was as an attorney, sometimes focusing on civil liberties and constitutional issues. After abandoning belief in Christianity, Kagin became a freethought activist. He was a founding member in 1991 of the Free Inquiry Group, Inc.

The obsolete medical terms Mongolian idiocy, Mongolism, and Mongoloid referred to a specific type of mental deficiency, associated with the genetic disorder now known as Down syndrome. The obsolete term for a person with this syndrome was Mongolian idiot. In the 21st century, these terms are no longer used as medical terminology, deemed an unacceptable, offensive and misleading description of those with Down's syndrome. The terminology change was brought about both by scientific and medical experts, as well as people of Asian ancestry, including those from Mongolia.

Arwell Thomas (33 years old) :Of the sons, it is Arwell who seems closest to Ivor—he often confides in his father about personal matters. He hopes to one day meet and marry someone with whom he can have children and build a life. But until he meets his wife-to-be, the main love in his life is his Fiat Panda. Gwynne Thomas :Gwynne has a mental deficiency (on one occasion, he pulls one of his own teeth with a pair of pliers).

Before the Act, learning institutions for idiots and imbeciles were seen as either "licensed houses" or "registered hospitals" for lunatics, for which the parents of children hoping to enter would have to complete a form stating that they were "a lunatic, an idiot, or a person of unsound mind". Additionally, they were required to answer irrelevant questions and present two medical certificates. The Act was repealed by the Mental Deficiency Act 1913, by which time two further classifications had been introduced: "feeble-minded people" and "moral defectives".

There was a general register for all those trained in general nursing, and supplementary registers for mental nursing, mental deficiency nursing, fever nursing paediatric nursing and for male nurses There was no mechanism for a nurse to transfer from one part of the register to another without re-qualifying. Nurses were to be admitted to the Register if they had, for three years before 1 November 1919, been bona fide engaged in practice and had adequate knowledge and experience of the nursing of the sick.

The Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Diseases not only affected deaf individuals, but also those with other disabilities including mental deficiency, schizophrenia, hereditary epilepsy, blindness, physical disabilities, congenital feeblemindedness, and even severe alcoholism. The deaf were reported to the authorities by their families, peers, teachers, and doctors. Children in deaf schools were often taken by authorities, and even some of their teachers, to be sterilized unknowingly and without consent. Some were forced to undergo sterilization even if there was proof that they could give birth to “healthy” children.

Another one of Galen's major works, On the Diagnosis and Cure of the Soul's Passion, discussed how to approach and treat psychological problems. This was Galen's early attempt at what would later be called psychotherapy. His book contained directions on how to provide counsel to those with psychological issues to prompt them to reveal their deepest passions and secrets, and eventually cure them of their mental deficiency. The leading individual, or therapist, had to be a male, preferably of an older, wiser, age, as well as free from the control of the passions.

Ferdinand succeeded on the death of his father Francis II and I on 2 March 1835. He was incapable of ruling his empire because of his mental deficiency, so his father, before he died, made a will which promulgated that Ferdinand should consult Archduke Louis on all aspects of internal policy and urged him to be influenced by Prince Metternich, Austria's Foreign Minister.Taylor, A. J. P.: "The Habsburg Monarchy 1809-1918" (Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1990, ), pp 52-53 Following the Revolutions of 1848, Ferdinand abdicated on 2 December 1848.

During the following year the hospital was renamed again, this time to "The Royal Albert Institution, Lancaster". Following the Mental Deficiency Act 1913, the nature of the hospital changed, as it was determined that no more than 10 per cent of its patients should be under the age of 16. In 1948 the hospital became part of the National Health Service, and its name was changed to "Royal Albert Hospital". By this time it had 886 patients, of whom 45 per cent were aged over 35, and only 12 per cent were under 15.

It turns out they were bombarded with "micromechanical devices", from which a wall of glass begins to grow and eventually assembles into a dome, an attempt to isolate the ship. The doubler that has joined the group proves to be uncommunicative, leading some of the crew to suggest that it has some sort of mental deficiency. The crew also begins to postulate that the "naked" doublers they have seen are the victims of genocide. Choosing to explore further, the crew activates "Defender", a large tank which they have managed to repair.

His disillusionment was increased by the government's reaction against the Suffragettes, whom he also supported. In 1913 he staged a filibuster against the government's Mental Deficiency Bill, which he saw as authoritarian and unjust. Over the course of two days in Parliament, he tabled 120 amendments and made 150 speeches in Parliament, sustaining himself with only barley-water and chocolate according to press reports, until his voice gave out. This campaign brought him to public attention outside of his own constituency and the Land Reform movement, and he became known as a leading backbencher.

In type II, the defect affects both isoforms and thus affects more general tissues such as red blood cells, leukocytes, and all body tissues. This type is associated with mental deficiency and other neurologic symptoms, which may be because the cytochrome b5 system plays a crucial role in the desaturation of fatty acids in the body. One patient was described as having a new class of this disorder, type III. This condition was characterized by a deficiency of NADH cytochrome b5 reductase in lymphocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes, but this was not associated with mental retardation.

Birkwood Castle was built in the late 18th century, and the original villa now forms the north wing of the house. It was greatly expanded in the Gothic style in 1858, and again in 1890 when the architect James Thomson of Glasgow designed the large west wing. It covers an area of , and is a category B listed building. In 1920 the house was purchased by Lanarkshire County Council for £10,000, and opened in July 1923 as a "certified Institution for Mental Defectives" under the terms of the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913.

Projet de Loi as presented to the Senate on October 23 2002 by M. Sarkozy. "par sa tenue vestimentaire ou son attitude" was amended to "par une attitude même passive" Article 50 also criminalized purchase of sex from those considered 'particularly vulnerable', such as 'illness, disability, physical or mental deficiency or pregnancy'. Furthermore, the new legislation allowed for foreigners to have their permits revoked for disturbing public order, allowing deportation to become a penalty for solicitation (active or passive), even if they were legal immigrants. It addressed trafficking, by defining it and attached penalties.

The reason for this situation was partly due to the prevailing cultural perspective of what was often called "mental deficiency". Around the turn of the 20th century, many people with handicaps were simply kept at home when possible. This changed in the 1920s and 1930s because state governments and bureaucracies developed special divisions to manage these individuals—in Massachusetts and elsewhere, this was the role of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Retardation. In addition, expertise on "the infirm" became a specialty in the medical world, which in turn helped shape social policy.

In 1908, Byrne was elected a Bencher and served as Principal Clerk in the Home Office 1896–1908, he then served as Assistant Undersecretary of State for the Home Department from 1908 to 1914 and was involved in dealing with the suffragettes protest movement. He served as Secretary of the Baronetage 1908-1913. Between 1913 and 1921, Byrne served as Chairman of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. From 1914 to 1916, he was Chairman of the Civilian Internment Camps Committee, organising the internment of enemy aliens on the Isle of Man.

Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition associated with iodine deficiency and goiter, commonly characterised by mental deficiency, deafness, squint, disorders of stance and gait and stunted growth due to hypothyroidism. Paracelsus was the first to point out the relation between goitrous parents and their mentally disabled children. As a result of restricted diet, isolation, intermarriage, etc., as well as low iodine content in their food, children often had peculiar stunted bodies and retarded mental faculties, a condition later known to be associated with thyroid hormone deficiency.

After gaining her degree Alan Clark suggested that she do a PhD at the Institute of Psychiatry (now part of King's College London), in the experimental psychology of mental deficiency. Her supervisor was Neil O'Connor, an experimental psychologist who had just completed a groundbreaking study conducted in the field. From this point onwards, a lifelong scientific collaboration had been forged, and Hermelin joined O'Connor on the staff of the Medical Research Council. Almost all publications by these scientists were authored jointly, with strict rotation of the order of names.

Chapple strongly advocated Eugenics."The rhetoric of eugenics: expert authority and the Mental Deficiency Bill", BJHS, 1991, 24, 45-60Eugenics and Politics in Britain, 1900-1914 by Geoffrey Russell Searle He was the author of Fertility of the Unfit, in which he advocated enforced sterilization in certain cases. He also published How to Impress the Evils of Alcohol, First Principles in the Art of Physical Development and Cases and Comments from a Doctor's Practice. In 1912, Chapple made large investments in property in the Canadian city of Vancouver.

He argues that materialistic scientism follows a policy of leaving something out if it is in doubt. Consequently, the maps of western science fail to show large 'unorthodox' parts of both theory and practice of science and social science, and reveal a complete disregard for art and many other high level humanistic qualities. Such an approach, Schumacher argues, provides a grey, limited, utilitarian worldview without room for vitally important phenomena like beauty and meaning. He observes that the mere mention of spirituality and spiritual phenomena in academic discussion is seen among scientists as a sign of 'mental deficiency' .

As a supporter of eugenics, he participated in the drafting of the Mental Deficiency Act 1913; however, the Act, in the form eventually passed, rejected his preferred method of sterilisation of the feeble-minded in favour of their confinement in institutions. Taking centre stage was the issue of how Britain's government should respond to the Irish home rule movement. In 1912, Asquith's government forwarded the Home Rule Bill, which if passed into law would grant Irish home rule. Churchill supported the bill and urged Ulster Unionists—a largely Protestant community who desired continued political unity with Britain—to accept it.

The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 renamed the Lunacy Commission the "Board of Control" and increased the scope of its powers. The functions of the Board of Control were subsequently altered by the Mental Treatment Act 1930 and the National Health Service Act 1946. The Lunacy Act 1890 was repealed following World War II by the Mental Health Act 1959. This Act abolished the Board of Control, and aimed to provide informal treatment for the majority of people suffering from mental disorders, whilst providing a legal framework such that such people could, if necessary, be detained in hospital against their will.

Frederick was often involved in feuds, raids and highway robberies in its first decades of his life; his was later nicknamed the Restless or Turbulentus because of this. In 1477 he was sent to Geldern to attend to administrative matters. Two years later, in 1479, he had to return home; the reason was probably a mental deficiency or mental illness. A little later he had apparently recovered and was again able to conduct administrative business. After the death of his father, William the Elder in 1482, Frederick and his brother William the Younger ruled Brunswick-Lüneburg jointly.

Walter Williston's 1971 report calculated that the ward staff of 653 was 257 too few, based on American Association for Mental Deficiency standards. Berton also remarked that the facility was understaffed, and that it was admitting numerous patients younger than 6 years of age—for whom it was not designed or originally intended. Beginning in 1989, Judy Richardson, an occupational therapist at the Centre, conducted an art class for some of its residents. She collected whatever artwork the students did not keep for themselves—making notes about authorship and subject matter on the reverse—and kept the works at her Orillia home.

In the United Kingdom, Home Secretary Winston Churchill was a noted advocate, and his successor Reginald McKenna introduced a bill that included forced sterilisation. Writer G. K. Chesterton led a successful effort to defeat that clause of the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act.Gilbert, Martin. Churchill and Eugenics In one specific case in 2015, the Court of Protection of the United Kingdom ruled that a woman with six children and an IQ of 70 should be sterilized for her own safety because another pregnancy would have been a "significantly life-threatening event" for her and the fetus and was not releated to eugenics.

The first woman elected to the council, on 1 November 1911, was Ellen Pinsent. She represented the Edgbaston Ward as a Liberal Unionist. She had earlier been co-opted as a member of the council's Education Committee and served as Chairman of the Special School Sub-Committee. She stood down from the council in October 1913 upon appointment as Commissioner for the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. Pinsent's time on the council overlapped with that of Margaret Frances Pugh, who was elected on 22 November 1911 to serve in the North Erdington ward.

The institution was established as a Poor Law Industrial School for Orphaned Children in 1862. The school moved to an adjacent site in 1903, and its original building was then used as a workhouse under the Board of Guardians for accommodating mentally ill, mentally defective and chronic aged and infirm patients. In 1930 control of the institution passed to the Public Assistance Committee of Cardiff City Council. From the establishment of the National Health Service in 1948 it was designated a Mental Deficiency Institution and Mental Hospital and administered by the Whitchurch and Ely Hospital Management Committee.

The results were published in the 1921 report entitled Mental Hygiene Survey of the Province of Alberta. The report notes that those who suffer from a mental defect or mental disorder are rightly regarded as social liability and recommends careful screening of immigrants and the use of sexual sterilization to control the abnormal population. Dr. Hincks's committee describes a causal link between mental abnormality and immorality (illegitimacy, criminality, prostitution, dependency). The suggestion that bad behaviour and sexual immorality were directly related to mental deficiency gave rise to concern by the public and politicians that these individuals posed a threat to society.

An example of a "diminished capacity" might be extremely low intelligence. In the English case of R v Raven,R v Raven (1982) Crim. LR 51 a man who had a physical age of 22 years but a mental age of only 9 years felt provoked by homosexual advances and killed his perceived attacker. His mental deficiency was not in dispute and, since a child of 9 years would not have been criminally responsible (see s50 Children and Young Persons Act 1933), and his mental responsibility for his acts was substantially impaired, manslaughter was the only realistic verdict.

In 1856 he was appointed director of the mental asylum at Saint-Yon in Rouen. Morel, influenced by various pre- Darwinian theories of evolution, particularly those that attributed a powerful role to acclimation, saw mental deficiency as the end stage of a process of mental deterioration. In the 1850s, he developed a theory of "degeneration" in regards to mental problems that take place from early life to adulthood. In 1857 he published Traité des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine et des causes qui produisent ces variétés maladives, a treatise in which he explains the nature, causes, and indications of human degeneration.

As in Alberta, the British Columbia Eugenics Board could recommend the sterilization of those it considered to be suffering from "mental disease or mental deficiency". Although not enforced by laws as it was in Canada's western provinces, an obscenity trial in Depression-era Ontario, can be seen as an example of the influence of eugenics in Ontario. Dorothea Palmer, a nurse working for the Parents Information Bureau – a privately funded birth control organization based out of Kitchener, Ontario – was arrested in the predominantly Catholic community of Eastview, Ontario in 1936. She was accused of illegally providing birth control materials and knowledge to her clients, primarily poor women.

In 1933 British Columbia became one of two provinces to implement a clear eugenic sexual sterilization law. The province's Sexual Sterilization Act, legislated in 1933 and repealed in 1973, closely resembled Alberta's 1928 legislation, although the practices differed. The Act created a Board of Eugenics, consisting of a judge, psychiatrist, and social worker. The Board was granted the authority to order the sterilization, with consent, of any inmate recommended to them by a superintendent, who "if discharged ... without being subjected to an operation for sexual sterilization would be likely to produce or bear children who by reason of inheritance would have a tendency to serious mental disease or mental deficiency".

26 T-4 Euthanasia Program: "This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark during his lifetime. Fellow German, that is your money, too." from the Office of Racial Policy's Neues Volk. The July 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring – written by Ernst Rüdin and other theorists of "racial hygiene" – established "Genetic Health Courts" which decided on compulsory sterilization of "any person suffering from a hereditary disease." These included, for the Nazis, those suffering from "Congenital Mental Deficiency", schizophrenia, "Manic-Depressive Insanity", "Hereditary Epilepsy", "Hereditary Chorea" (Huntington's), Hereditary Blindness, Hereditary Deafness, "any severe hereditary deformity", as well as "any person suffering from severe alcoholism".

Alvin Clark, Sirhan's garbage collector, testified that Sirhan had told him a month before the attack of his intention to shoot Kennedy. Sirhan's defense counsel included attorney Grant Cooper, who had hoped to demonstrate that the killing had been the impulsive act of a man with a mental deficiency. But Walker admitted into evidence pages from three of the journal notebooks Sirhan had kept that showed the murder was premeditated and "quite calculating and willful." On March 3, Cooper asked Sirhan in direct testimony if he had shot Kennedy; Sirhan replied, "Yes, sir," but then said that he did not bear Kennedy any ill will.

As superintendent of the Provincial Training School, Le Vann was a key player in many sterilizations and antipsychotic drug experiments that took place through the 1950s and 1960s. Not much was known about his methods and procedures at the Provincial Training School until they surfaced at the Leilani Muir trial. First, it was discovered that he was never fully accredited as a psychiatrist in Canada or England. This is very shocking as it was said that during his twenty-five year reign he almost always would refer a child with a mental deficiency for sterilization, even when the child's IQ greatly exceeded seventy, the legal upper cut off for sterilization.

In 1913, Burt took the part-time position of a school psychologist for the London County Council (LCC), with the responsibility of picking out the "feeble-minded" children, in accordance with the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913. He notably established that girls were equal to boys in general intelligence. The post also allowed him to work in Spearman's laboratory, and receive research assistants from the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, including Winifred Raphael. Burt was much involved in the initiation of child guidance in Great Britain and his 1925 publication The Young Delinquent led to opening of the London Child Guidance Clinic in Islington in 1927.

The colony was the first institution certified as a home for mentally disabled patients under the Mental Deficiency Act 1913, Burden having been a member of the Royal Commission for inquiry into care of the feeble-minded that lead to the Act. The colony was regarded as a leading institution of its type. Leigh Court continued to operate as part of the Stoke Park Hospital group until taken over by the National Health Service in 1948 but was subsequently restored. During the 1980s, Leigh Woods (surrounding the house) were used to film the TV series, Robin of Sherwood starring Michael Praed (later Jason Connery).

The individual performance tests also involved additional and peculiar standards of construction and evaluation. The important purpose of these supplementary tests was, of course, to give to those handicapped by language difficulties a real opportunity to show their ability. In addition, two definite aims were planned in the use of all forms of testing: first, to point out the feeble-minded and those incapable of military service because of mental deficiency; and second, to find those of unusual or special ability. The arrangement of each test, in both group and individual examinations, was therefore checked against the sources of men in institutions for the feeble- minded.

Eight weeks later he was found semi-conscious in the street, having apparently collapsed from either hunger or exposure. Initially admitted to the Royal Sussex Hospital, Brighton, he was transferred to St Francis Hospital, Haywards Heath, where he underwent a craniotomy following the erroneous diagnosis of a brain haemorrhage. The report made there acknowledged his unhappy home background (he claimed he was frightened of his mother and had no filial feelings towards his father) and his mental deficiency. No precise diagnoses were offered, and it has since been suggested that he suffered from either epilepsy or post-concussional syndrome, which would have had a marked effect on his personality.

However, Matheson was of the opinion that whilst agreeing that Bentley was of low intelligence, he was not suffering from epilepsy at the time of the alleged offence and he was not a "feeble-minded person" under the Mental Deficiency Acts. Matheson said that he was sane and fit to plead and stand trial. English law at the time did not recognise the concept of diminished responsibility due to retarded development, though it existed in Scottish law (it was introduced to England by the Homicide Act 1957). Criminal insanity – where the accused is unable to distinguish right from wrong – was then the only medical defence to murder.

She was a founding member and president of the North Central Property Owners Association, work she shared with her brother Walter Wickliffe; she was also active in the public library advisory committee, the hospital board, and other civic activities in the city. Her work was recognized with a Citation for Distinguished Professional Leadership, by the Council for Exceptional Children, and a Presidential Certificate of Appreciation from George H. W. Bush. She was made a fellow of the American Association on Mental Deficiency in 1967. Among her gifted-program students was actor Meshach Taylor, who described her as his most influential teacher in a 1993 television appearance.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 45. became more popular in the early 1900s, concerns for that feebleminded individuals were weakening society grew, and mental deficiency among emigrants also became a concern. Another important contributing factor was the development of intelligence tests during this time. Both Alfred Binet and his student Theodore Simon were leaders in this development. Henry Goddard, a prominent eugenicist of the time who had been using Binet and Simon’s scale to measure intelligence in adults, suggested that theses could be used to identify feebleminded or mentally deficient individuals at Ellis Island who posed a threat to the integrity of society.Synderman, M., Hernstein, R.J. Intelligence Tests and the Immigration Act of 1924.

Writing to Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol College, Oxford she reported "The 'Eleven' dined on Tuesday at Mrs George Darwin's. The Eleven are, you know, eleven ladies who leave their husbands behind, and dress well & dine well for their own satisfaction, & claim they talk well too, though perhaps some people wd not admit it". Ida Darwin was married to Horace Darwin, the Cambridge scientific instrument maker and son of Charles Darwin. She campaigned for the passing of the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913, was one of the founders of the Cambridge Association for the Care of the Feeble-Minded in 1908, and became actively involved in helping Cambridge’s disadvantaged girls to find training and work.

British anxieties about the perils of degeneration found legislative expression in the Mental Deficiency Act 1913 which had the strong support of Winston Churchill, then a senior member of the Liberal government. In the fin- de-siècle period, Max Nordau scored an unexpected success with his bestselling Degeneration (1892). Sigmund Freud met Nordau in 1885 while he was studying in Paris and was notably unimpressed by him and hostile to the degeneration concept. Degeneration fell from popular and fashionable favor around the time of the First World War, although some of its preoccupations persisted in the writings of the eugenicists and social Darwinists (for example, R. Austin Freeman; Anthony Ludovici; Rolf Gardiner; and see also Dennis Wheatley's Letter to posterity).

In noting the character of Arcadius, the historian J. B. Bury described him and his abilities thus: > He was of short stature, of dark complexion, thin and inactive, and the > dullness of his wit was betrayed by his speech and by his sleepy, drooping > eyes. His mental deficiency and the weakness of his character made it > inevitable that he should be governed by the strong personalities of his > court.Bury, pg. 107 Traditional interpretations of the reign of Arcadius have revolved around his weakness as an Emperor, and the formulation of policy by prominent individuals (and the court parties that formed and regrouped round them) towards curtailing the increasing influence of barbarians in the military, which in Constantinople at this period meant the Goths.

Though a member of the Eugenic Society from 1924 until his death in 1953, it was not until after the Second World War that he openly argued in favour of voluntary sterilisation as a means to overcome the apparent prevalence of "mental deficiency" in society. Several of these eugenic-themed lectures gained significant newspaper coverage in The Times and The Manchester Guardian, sparking a fervent public debate in which inevitable – if not entirely justifiable – parallels were drawn between Barnes' arguments and Nazi ideology. In his latter years Barnes was thus a pacifist, religious leader and campaigner for the perceived declining cause of eugenics.P. T. Merricks, God and the Gene:' E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion,' Politics, Religion and Ideology, 13, 3 (September 2012): 353–374.

In Denmark, §16 of the penal code states that "Persons, who, at the time of the act, were irresponsible owing to mental illness or similar conditions or to a pronounced mental deficiency, are not punishable". This means that in Denmark, 'insanity' is a legal term rather than a medical term and that the court retains the authority to decide whether an accused person is irresponsible. In Finland, punishments can only be administered if the accused is compos mentis, of sound mind; not if the accused is insane (syyntakeeton, literally "unable to guarantee [shoulder the responsibility of] guilt"). Thus, an insane defendant may be found guilty based on the facts and his actions just as a sane defendant, but the insanity will only affect the punishment.

The Eugenics Society underwent a hiatus during the Second World War and did not reconvene until 1942, under the leadership of General Secretary Carlos Blacker. In the postwar period, the Society shifted its focus from class differences to marriage, fertility, and the changing racial makeup of the UK. In 1944, R. C. Wofinden published an article in the Eugenics Review describing the features of "mentally deficient" working-class families and questioning whether mental deficiency led to poverty or vice versa. Blacker argued that poor heredity was the cause of poverty, but other members of the Society, such as Hilda Lewis, disagreed with this view. Following WWII, British eugenicists concerned by rising divorce rates and falling birth rates attempted to promote marriages between "desirable" individuals while preventing marriages between those deemed eugenically unfit.

In the UK, mental handicap had become the common medical term, replacing mental subnormality in Scotland and mental deficiency in England and Wales, until Stephen Dorrell, Secretary of State for Health for the United Kingdom from 1995–97, changed the NHS's designation to learning disability. The new term is not yet widely understood, and is often taken to refer to problems affecting schoolwork (the American usage), which are known in the UK as "learning difficulties". British social workers may use "learning difficulty" to refer to both people with intellectual disability and those with conditions such as dyslexia. In education, "learning difficulties" is applied to a wide range of conditions: "specific learning difficulty" may refer to dyslexia, dyscalculia or developmental coordination disorder, while "moderate learning difficulties", "severe learning difficulties" and "profound learning difficulties" refer to more significant impairments.

Penrose undertook research into schizophrenia, designing tests of intelligence that were non-verbal in nature, that are still in current use, and was one of the earliest researcher on the phenylketonuria condition in the 1930s. Penrose's "Colchester Survey", produced as the report in 1938, in collaboration with the MRC called th MRC special report: No.229, Clinical and genetic study of 1,280 cases of mental defect, was the earliest serious attempt to study the genetics of mental retardation. He found that the relatives of patients with severe mental retardation were usually unaffected but some of them were affected with similar severity to the original patient, whereas the relatives of patients with mild mental retardation tended mostly to have mild or borderline disability. Penrose went on to identify and study many of the genetic and chromosomal causes of mental retardation (then called mental deficiency).

Whose weakness does not amount to imbecility, yet who require care, supervision, or control, for their protection or for the protection of others, or, in the case of children, are incapable of receiving benefit from the instruction in ordinary schools. :d) Moral Imbeciles. Displaying mental weakness coupled with strong vicious or criminal propensities, and on whom punishment has little or no deterrent effect.Gattie, W. H., Holt-Hughes, T. H., "Note on the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913", The Law Quarterly Review 30 (1914) 202 A person deemed to be an idiot or imbecile might be placed in an institution or under guardianship if the parent or guardian so petitioned, as could a person of any of the four categories under 21 years, as could a person of any category who had been abandoned, neglected, guilty of a crime, in a state institution, habitually drunk, or unable to be schooled.

He published this year as a pamphlet, Parental Rights and Parental Responsibility, which was followed in 1907 by a thoughtful short treatise, The Child, The Law, and the State, an account of the progress of reform of the laws affecting children in New South Wales, with recommendations for their amendment and more humane and effective application. In 1912 Mackellar visited Europe and the United States to study the methods of treatment of delinquent and neglected children, and issued a valuable report Treatment of Neglected and Delinquent Children in Great Britain, Europe, and America on his return in 1913. He resigned his presidency of the state children's relief board in 1916. He still, however, retained his interest and in 1917 published an open letter to the Minister of Public Health on The Mother, the Baby, and the State, and a pamphlet on Mental Deficiency, which shows his clear grasp of the subject was still apparent.

William Rees-Thomas CB MD FRCP FRSM DPM (15 June 1887 – 13 April 1978) was a Welsh psychiatrist. He was Medical Senior Commissioner for the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. Born in Senny, Breconshire, he was educated at County School, Brecon and Cardiff University. He became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians in 1913 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1933. He was awarded the Alfred Sheen Prize, 1906; Alfred Hughes Memorial Medal, 1907; Llewelyn Prize, 1909; Murchison Scholar (RCP), 1912; Gaskell Prize and gold medal. During the First World war he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps He was appointed to the Board of Control in 1931, replacing Arthur Rotherham as Medical Senior Commissioner He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1950 He married Muriel Hodgson Jones in 1917; they had a son Frederick Douglas Rees-Thomas (1920-1995), and daughter Aelwyn Minette (1922-2012).

The philosophy of the Institutes consists of several interrelated beliefs: that every child has genius potential, stimulation is the key to unlocking a child's potential, teaching should commence at birth, the younger the child, the easier the learning process, children naturally love to learn, parents are their child's best teacher, teaching and learning should be joyous and teaching and learning should never involve testing. This philosophy follows very closely to the Japanese Suzuki method for violin, which is also taught at the institute in addition to the Japanese language itself. The Institutes consider brain damage, intellectual impairment, "mental deficiency", cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism, athetosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, "developmental delay", and Down syndrome as conditions encompassing "brain injury", the term favored by IAHP. Much of the work at The Institutes follows from Dr. Temple Fay who believed in recapitulation theory, which posits that the infant brain evolves through chronological stages of development similar to first a fish, a reptile, a mammal and finally a human.

Originally intended for the treatment of people with epilepsy, Stoneyetts was the first Poor Law epileptic colony in Scotland and the only Scottish hospital ever built for epileptic individuals. A remote location was chosen to shield patients from the general public. The still-active Stoneyetts Bowling Club (pictured in 2006) was linked to the hospital Following the passing of the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913, Stoneyetts became a facility for intellectually disabled people – then termed "mental defectives" – who had been held in asylums for the insane. As well as housing civilians, Stoneyetts received convicts who had been deemed mentally "defective"; Glasgow Govan MP Neil Maclean disapproved of "young lads, guilty merely of a little horse-play or a boyish escapade" being held at the institution. The facility faced problems with overcrowding: arrangements were made with Falkirk Parish Council for patients to be cared for at Blinkbonny Home, and the remaining residents were transferred to the new Lennox Castle Hospital by December 1936. Following restoration, Stoneyetts was re-opened as a unit for certified mental patients on 7 August 1937.

He was Gaskell Gold Medallist in Mental Disorders in 1898. He then took a post at Morningside Asylum in Edinburgh, before transferring to posts at Wakefield Asylum and Banstead Asylum and then as first deputy medical superintendent of Bexley Asylum. In 1903 he was appointed first medical superintendent of Ewell Colony for Epileptics in Surrey and in 1907 he became first medical superintendent of Long Grove Asylum. He was appointed a Commissioner in Lunacy in 1912 and a commissioner at the new Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency in 1914, remaining there until his retirement less than a month before his death in 1945. In 1930 he became one of the four senior commissioners on the board. Bond favoured voluntary admission to mental hospitals rather than certification, reforms finally introduced in the Mental Treatment Act 1930. In 1924 he and another doctor were sued by a patient for wrongful detention. They jury found for the plaintiff and awarded him the huge sum of £25,000 damages. The Court of Appeal set the verdict aside and ordered a retrial (later confirmed by the House of Lords), but the plaintiff eventually settled out of court for £250 damages. This contributed to changes in the law in the 1930 act.