A nephrologist diagnosed her with Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), a progressive kidney disease.
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Picture this by thinking of the membranous dome created when water strikes a spoon.
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New research published today in Nature describes Ambopteryx longibrachium, a tiny Jurassic dinosaur with membranous wings.
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But further study showed that it was in fact a tiny therapod dinosaur with unique forelimbs and membranous wings.
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Ambopteryx is the second-known dinosaur with membranous wings, joining Yi qi, which lived 2-3 million years later.
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At one point a bat, disturbed by the scientific ruckus, fluttered by, the headlamps illuminating its membranous, négligée-thin wings.
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"So far, all known scansoriopterygids are from the Late Jurassic -- this unique membranous wing structure did not survive into the Cretaceous," he said.
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What's new: A tiny dinosaur with membranous, bat-like wings lived during the Upper Jurassic period, according to a study in Nature on Wednesday.
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Analysis of the remains suggested membranous wings that were held in place by a long, rod-like, pointed wrist bone known as a styliform.
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Wang says that the bat-like membranous wings were likely a failed evolutionary experiment with flight given that later flying dinosaurs all featured feathered wings.
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Both had similar membranous wings and styliform, but Ambopteryx had a wider forelimb and a shorter tail with fused vertebrae at the tip, among other differences.
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Familiar point particles become, at this highest energy and zoom level, one-dimensional "strings" and higher-dimensional, membranous "branes," all of which traverse a 21-dimensional landscape.
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Yet other paintings are impressive for their near-accuracy, such as one image of a bat that shows how its membranous wings connect its fingers, legs, and tail.
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Unlike birds, Ambopteryx had membranous wings resembling pterosaurs, flying reptiles that appeared roughly 230 million years ago, and bats, flying mammals that appeared roughly 50 million years ago.
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"I'm not fully convinced that this fossil—and the previous ones—document unconvincingly that these weird dinosaurs had a membranous wing-like bats and pterosaurs," Chiappe told Gizmodo via email.
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To me, this means participating (reading and writing) from within the membranous precincts between our multiple bodies in the larger rhizomic field of resonances, where much is sounding and also unsounded.
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The frontal region of the brain showed shrinkage, an area of the corpus callosum was thinned, and a membranous division between two sides of the brain was torn, among other signs.
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MIT's latest robot looks a bit like one of those claw machines you find at the front of an arcade, only instead of metal, the claws are made of a clear, membranous substance.
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Today's reading is from "The Bonfire of the Vanities," by Tom Wolfe: The telephone blasted Peter Fallow awake inside an egg with the shell peeled away and only the membranous sac holding it intact. Ah!
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The authors of the new study, led by Min Wang from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, say it's further proof that some scansoriopterygids did in fact feature membranous wings similar to those seen in pterosaurs and modern bats.
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The dinosaur, named Ambopteryx longibrachium, lived 113 million years ago during the Jurassic Period and took flight with membranous wings made of skin supported by a long, pointed wrist bone, dramatically different from the distinctive feathered wings of birds.
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The latest arrival from the joint venture between Under Armour and JBL are designed to stay put during workouts, combining an over-the-ear hook with a strange sort of membranous cover designed to fill the wearer's concha (look it up).
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You cannot know what it is like to be a bat by screwing your eyes tight, imagining membranous wings, finding your way through darkness by talking to it in tones that reply to you with the shape of the world.
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The bottom line: The study, along with other research, puts forward the idea that membranous wings and elongated forelimbs in scansoriopterygids were likely short-lived evolutionary experiments with flight, since feathered wings and the birds we know of today came to predominate later.
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She continues: You cannot know what it is like to be a bat by screwing your eyes tight, imagining membranous wings, finding your way through darkness by talking to it in tones that reply to you with the shape of the world.
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The membranous sac was his head, and the right side of this head was on the pillow, and the yolk was as heavy as mercury, and it rolled like mercury, and it was pressing down on his right temple and his right eye and his right ear.
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It has a membranous and muscular part. When considering only the membranous septum, it is also known as the "atrioventricular component of the membranous septum".
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The inner ear has two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony labyrinth, and within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid called endolymph. Between the outer wall of the membranous labyrinth and the wall of the bony labyrinth is the location of perilymph.
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At rest, the wings are laid across the back of the insect, with the membranous wingtips overlapping. The hindwings are entirely membranous.
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In tribe Hablitzieae, the tepals are not modified in fruit and membranous, and the stamens are basally united in a membranous ring.
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The walls of the membranous labyrinth are lined with distributions of the cochlear nerve, one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The other branch is the vestibular nerve. Within the vestibule, the membranous labyrinth does not quite preserve the form of the bony labyrinth, but consists of two membranous sacs, the utricle, and the saccule. The membranous labyrinth is also the location for the receptor cells found in the inner ear.
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The margins of this glume are membranous and somewhat scaberulous.
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The bulb is fleshy, globose to ovoid. The ring is membranous, white, superior, skirt-like. The volva is membranous, limbate, and fulvous-white. The spores measure 7 - 8 × 6 µm and are ovoid to subglobose.
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There are 1-2 stamens and an ovary with two stigmas. The perianth is persistent in fruit. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The vertical seed is ellipsoid, with yellowish brown, membranous, hairy seed coat.
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Its innermost fibers form a continuous circular investment for the membranous urethra.
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The fruits are rounded or oval nutlets with membranous wings along the sides.
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Their capsules are flat, membranous, and usually 4-horned. Its seeds are pubescent.
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The closely related terms membranous nephropathy (MN) and membranous glomerulopathy both refer to a similar constellation but without the assumption of inflammation. Membranous nephritis (in which inflammation is implied, but the glomerulus not explicitly mentioned) is less common, but the phrase is occasionally encountered. These conditions are usually considered together. By contrast, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has a similar name, but is considered a separate condition with a distinctly different causality.
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The alate (winged) female has a blackish thorax, prominent black siphunculi and membranous wings.
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The flowers have distinctively recurved membranous wings on both sides of the petal tips.
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Bract and bracteole present, very unequal, white, membranous with long tapering, rather flaccid tips.
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Treatment of secondary membranous nephropathy is guided by the treatment of the original disease. For treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the treatment options include immunosuppressive drugs and non-specific anti-proteinuric measures. Recommended first line therapy often includes: cyclophosphamide alternating with a corticosteroid.
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The membranous front wings are transparent, with well-drawn veins and several characteristic black spots.
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The Jones stain demonstrates the spiked GBM, caused by subepithelial deposits, seen in membranous nephropathy.
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The operculum, a flap that hinges to form a lid over the aperture of the lophophore, has a membranous edge and is chitinised. It is thick and crescent-shaped when closed. The walls between the zooids are calcified on the proximal edge and membranous elsewhere.
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The fruit is a membranous capsule containing many small seeds, either globose or angled by pressure.
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Hymenophyllum: Membranous leaf, from the Greek humen and phullon. rarum: thin-leaved; from the Latin rarus.
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In fruiting phase, the perianth remains membranous or becomes spongy, crustaceous, or horny. The fruit wall (pericarp) may be membranous, fleshy, chartaceous, crustaceous, woody, or horny. The seed is disc-shaped, lenticular, ovoid or wedge-shaped. Its surface may be smooth, papillose, reticulate, tuberculate or longitudinally ribbed.
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The forewings of the winged aquatic bugs are modified into hemelytra (singular, hemelytron), in which the basal part is thickened and leathery and the apical part is membranous. The thickened region is divided into a corium and clavus. The membranous region has veins and the venation is of taxonomic importance. However, in many families, the distinction between the leathery and membranous regions of the hemelytron is not pronounced, and the wing tends to be more fully sclerotized (e.g.
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Multiparous Soft, membranous area of ventral prosoma dark colored, rub marks present on opisthosoma indicating previous amplexus.
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In most cases, however, the peridia are connate throughout, and sometimes present above a membranous common covering.
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Afterwards, 20 mL chromatographically pure acetonitrile was added to redissolve the distilment, followed by a membranous examination.
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Airway vascularity was dense in intercartilage areas, but sparse in cartilage or membranous areas of the trachea.
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It is characterized by large pinnate-pinnatisect leaves, sparse narrowly triangular petiole scales and caducous membranous indusia.
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This plate extends to form the chief part of the bone, the scapular spine growing up from its dorsal surface about the third month. Ossification starts as membranous ossification before birth. After birth, the cartilaginous components would undergo endochondral ossification. The larger part of the scapula undergoes membranous ossification.
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85% of MGN cases are classified as primary membranous glomerulonephritis—that is to say, the cause of the disease is idiopathic (of unknown origin or cause). This can also be referred to as idiopathic membranous nephropathy. One study has identified antibodies to an M-type phospholipase A2 receptor in 70% (26 of 37) cases evaluated. In 2014, a second autoantigen was discovered, the thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) system that might account for an additional 5-10% of membranous nephropathy cases.
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M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is the major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy attributed to over 70% of cases.
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This condition, similarly, is called Familial Membranous Glomerulonephritis. There have only been about nine documented cases in the world.
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The lemma itself have one awn which is long and palea which is long and is as hyaline as fertile lemma. The glumes are no different in size then the spikelet. They both are lanceolate, membranous, have no lateral veins and have acute apexes. Flowers are membranous too and have two lodicules.
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Bambusa binghamii is membranous, veined and ciliate. There are 6 stamen with its tips smooth. There are 3 smooth stigmas.
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Spikelets are oblong, solitary, and are long with pedicelled fertile ones. Sterile spikelets grow in pairs and carry 2–3 fertile florets. Both upper and lower glumes are long and are also ovate, membranous, glaucous, with a single keel and vein, and with acuminated and muticous apexes. Fertile lemma is ovate, membranous, and is long.
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It is pale yellow and more or less cylindrical but may bear a swollen base. A membranous partial veil initially links the stipe with the edge of the cap. When it ruptures, it forms a membranous, hanging ring. The top side of the ring is whitish, while the underside is characteristically dark brown to violet.
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In fruit, the perianth remains membranous or becomes crustaceous, spongy, or horny. The fruit wall (pericarp) may be membranous, fleshy, crustaceous, or woody. The seed is disc-shaped or wedge-shaped, its seed coat with smooth or reticulate, tuberculate or longitudinally ribbed surface. The seed contains the curved embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).
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The forewings of Hemiptera are either entirely membranous, as in the Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha, or partially hardened, as in most Heteroptera. The name "Hemiptera" is from the Greek ('; "half") and ('; "wing"), referring to the forewings of many heteropterans which are hardened near the base, but membranous at the ends. Wings modified in this manner are termed hemelytra (singular: hemelytron), by analogy with the completely hardened elytra of beetles, and occur only in the suborder Heteroptera. In all suborders, the hindwings – if present at all – are entirely membranous and usually shorter than the forewings.
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The inner ear has two major parts, the cochlea and the vestibular organ. They are connected in a series of canals in the temporal bone referred to as the bony labyrinth. The bone canals are separated by the membranes in parallel spaces referred to as the membranous labyrinth. The membranous contains two fluids called perilymph and endolymph.
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There are three semicircular canals angled at right angles to each other which are responsible for dynamic balance. The cochlea is a spiral shell-shaped organ responsible for the sense of hearing. These structures together create the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth refers to the bony compartment which contains the membranous labyrinth, contained within the temporal bone.
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Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome though the reason for this is not yet clear.
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The leaves are large, with membranous sheaths, usually forming an underground neck. The leaf lamina is flat, green, and glaucous, glabrous or papillose. The inflorescence may be pauciflor (Ipheion, Beauverdia, rarely Tristagma) or pluriflor (up to 30). The spathe is formed by a single bifid membranous bract (Ipheion) or from two papyraceous bracts partially fused at the base.
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The glumes are membranous and keelless with scabrous veins. The upper one is long and is lanceolate while the other one is ovate and is long. Fertile lemma is long, is lanceolate just like the upper glume, and is both glaucous, keelless, and membranous as well. Lemma itself have scaberulous surface and muticous with dentated apex.
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The larva contains a membranous cephalic area, the rest of the body is divided into 3 thoracic segments and 8 abdominal segments.
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Renal amyloidosis can occur as a consequence of untreated chronic inflammation. Treatment with penicillamine and gold salts are recognized causes of membranous nephropathy.
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In their youth the leaves are protected by a membranous sheath, that may be up to 3 cm long in fully grown plants.
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The glumes are purple in colour, oblong, membranous, have no lateral veins and have acute apexes. They also have one keel and one vein which is scabrous. The size is different though; Lower glume is long while the upper one is . Flowers have two membranous lodicules and three stamens the latter of which are of the same colour as glumes and are long.
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The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The erect seed is oblong and red-brown, containing the half-annular embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).
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The leaves have prominent venation and rough margins, while auricles are absent or elemental and the membranous ligule is very short with fine hairs.
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Perennial, very variable. Leaves ciliate at base and scabrous at margin. Inflorescence loose, more or less branching. Scales of calyx pale, membranous, briefly aristate.
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Congenital cataract in an adult Congenital cataracts occur in a variety of morphologic configurations, including lamellar, polar, sutural, coronary, cerulean, nuclear, capsular, complete, membranous.
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The membranous, single layered peridium outlasts the below half. A pseudocapillitium may or may not be present. The spores are light yellow to reddish-brown.
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The shrub grows up to 3.0 m tall. Its branches are membranous. Its flowers are greenish yellow and its leaves are dark green and gray.
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Membranous aplasia cutis is a cutaneous condition, a type of aplasia cutis congenita, which can be seen along the embryonic fusion lines of the face.
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The posterior wings, membranous, have an unusual violet colour, similar to that of the Cetoniinae, while they are transparent in all other groups of cerambycids.
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The shrew delivered a series of rapid bites to the membranous region between the pedicular plate and the telson, severing the telson from the body.
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The species is bisexual with closed leaf-sheaths and have short rhizomes with culms that are tall. It panicle is long and is linear. Its rachis and branches are scabrous while the ligule is long and is membranous. The glumes are lanceolate, papery and membranous on borders, with difference in size; Lower glume is long by wide while the upper one is long by wide.
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This refers to the form of the corolla, which is composed of three membranous bracts that create a profile similar to that of a human ear.
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The species also have an elliptic and hairless nutlet which have membranous wings. Flowers bloom from June to July while fruits are from July to August.
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The membranous hind wings are concealed under the forewings when the insect is at rest. Males are about in length and females are a little larger.
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The texture of the mature perianth of the Salicornioideae may be soft and characterized as membranous, pithy or chartaceous or hardened, appearing crustaceous, corky or woody.
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Flowers occur in the leaf axils and are solitary or arranged in small clusters. The flowers have no petals but thin white sepals with thin membranous edges.
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They have membranous edges and acuminate ends. The stems hold 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, between May and June. They are held on very short pedicels.
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The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The seed is lenticular to edge-shaped with tuberculate surface. It contains a semi-annular embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).
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Retrieved July 28, 2008. though that name more commonly refers to the Hemiptera as a whole. "Typical bugs" might be used as a more unequivocal alternative, since the heteropterans are most consistently and universally termed "bugs" among the Hemiptera. "Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have forewings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra); members of the primitive sub-group Enicocephalomorpha have completely membranous wings.
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If they are kept moist, the horseshoe crab can live on land for many hours. Horseshoe crabs' book gills are developed from the base of the abdominal or opisthosomal appendages. These five pairs of appendages are flap-like and membranous, with the under-surface of each flap formed into many leaf-like folds called lamellae. Thus each gill bears hundreds of thin membranous lamellae arranged like pages in a book.
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Its fertile lemma is ovate, keelless, membranous and is long. The floret callus is hairy with rhachilla internodes being pilose. The flowers have three stamens which are long.
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The perianth is conical and has three teeth. The hermaphrodite flowers are wind- pollinated, and the fruit is small, has a membranous pericarp, and contains a single seed.
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Zeller, S.M. (1938). New or Noteworthy Agarics from the Pacific Coast States. Mycologia 30: 468–474. There is a partial white veil that is membranous, thick, and elastic.
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The crazed nudibranch feeds on the rectangular membranous lace animal, Membranipora membranacea, which lives on broad bladed kelp. Its egg mass is a well camouflaged broad flat spiral.
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The incidence of RVT in people with Nephrotic syndrome ranges from 5% to 65%. Nephrotic syndrome is caused by membranous glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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The flowers measure approx. 6.5–8 cm in diameter. The bracts and bracteole are green with membranous tips and margins. The fruits appear in late spring-early summer.
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D. rabiei has a spherical punctiform and membranous pyrenium, at first lutescent then opening to a rounded black ostiole. It has numerous elliptical and hyaline spores or varying size.
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Studies have shown that NS5A inhibitors block the formation of the membranous web, which protects the viral genome and features the main sites for viral replication and assembly. This mechanism is thought to be independent of RNA replication, but seems to be affected by NS5A inhibitors blocking the formation of the PI4KIIIα-NS5A complex, essential to the synthesis of the PI4P, resulting in decreased integrity of the membranous web and therefore reduced HCV RNA replication.
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The membranous layer or stratum membranosum is the deepest layer of subcutaneous tissue. It is a fusion of fibres into a homogeneous layer below the adipose tissue, for example, superficial to muscular fascias. It is considered a fascia by some sources, but not by others. However, prominent areas of the membranous layer are called fascias; these include the fascia of Scarpa in the abdomen and the fascia of Colles in the perineum.
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The hermaphrodite or unisexual flowers are more or less radially symmetric, with a perianth of three or four fleshy tepals connate nearly to the apex, one or two stamens, and an ovary with two or three stigmas. The perianth is persistent in fruit. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The vertical seed is ellipsoid, with light brown, membranous, hairy seed coat, the hairs can be strongly curved, hooked, or conic, straight or slightly curved.
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Several separate male and female flowers grow on a short, spear-shaped lateral stem. The smooth white seeds develop inside a green capsule with membranous walls and are about long.
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Neither rods nor cones divide, but their membranous disks wear out and are worn off at the end of the outer segment, to be consumed and recycled by phagocytic cells.
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The bregma is known as the anterior fontanelle during infancy. The anterior fontanelle is membranous and closes in the first 18-36months of life (according to Thieme atlas of anatomy).
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Flowers are delicate and membranous. Mature plants can have more than 100 flowers. The petals are white with pale pink suffusion. The lateral sepals have dark red spots at the base.
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The lower glumes are and the upper glumes are . The elliptical or lanceolate lemmas are membranous and become scabrous towards their apex. The lemmas are long. The terminal awns are long.
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The leaves are membranous, fuscous, and glabrous. The leaf shape is oblong- ovate to oblong-subelliptical. The base is obtuse, with the apex shortly cuspidate-acuminate. Margins are bluntly crenate-serrate.
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The membranous, veined wings are transparent except for the pterostigmata, a small group of thickened cells at the leading edge of the wing-tips, which have pale centres and dark edges.
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Leaves are in a basal dense rosette (wintering under the snow), dark green, which redden by autumn, with an almost rounded blade and a membranous sheath remaining up to two to three years. The leaf blade is broadly elliptical or almost rounded, rounded or chordate at the base, obtuse or indistinctly dentate, 3–35 cm long, 2.5–30 cm wide, on wide petioles not exceeding the length of the plate, equipped at the base with membranous vaginal stipules .
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It is a tree reaching 7 meters in height. Its membranous, oblong to lance-shaped leaves are 22-50 by 5.5-19.5 centimeters with short tapering tips and pointed bases. Its leaves have 18-32 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs that arch near the leaf margins. Its petioles are 0.8 centimeters long. Its 3 membranous, rigid, round to oval sepals are 0.8-2.4 by 0.8-2.3 centimeters with shallowly pointed tips and fused at bases.
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The membranous labyrinth is a collection of fluid filled tubes and chambers which contain the receptors for the senses of equilibrium and hearing. It is lodged within the bony labyrinth in the inner ear and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph. In certain places, it is fixed to the walls of the cavity. The membranous labyrinth contains fluid called endolymph.
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The plant has pinnately compound leaves with 5–11 membranous leaflets. It has axillary flower and fruit clusters. The buds are hairy. The dark green leaves are bitter-aromatic, with crenate margins.
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They have a large and membranous secondary pair of wings. When not in use, these wings are kept completely folded beneath the elytra. These beetles feed primarily on tree sap and fruits.
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Flowers have two long lodicules which are membranous while the stamens (of which there are three of) are long. The hilum is linear while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp.
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Growth at these centers are genetically controlled. All growth centers can be growth sites but not all growth sites can be growth centers. Some examples include membranous bones of cranium, mandibular condyle.
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A further MRC-funded research project on treatment of patients with membranous nephropathy (a type of kidney disease) found a treatment which mitigated against deterioration; the results were published in The Lancet.
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The operculum is membranous, barely 1 mm high, denticulate. The ovary is ovoid, tapering at apex. Fruit is subglobose, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, deep pink. Seeds are oblong, about 5 mm.
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Bellevalia species are perennial herbaceous plants. As geophytes, they form bulbs with a membranous sheath ("tunic"). The simple, parallel-veined leaves are basal. Grape-like inflorescences grow terminally on smooth cylindrical flower stems.
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The saccate volva is smooth, white, with yellowish tints on the inner surface, dry, membranous, firmly attached to the stem. The flesh is white, staining light yellow, and stuffed with moderately dense material.
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The veins are free or anastomosing, lacking included veinlets. The spores are reniform, brownish to green. The sori are enclosed (sometimes tightly) by reflexed laminar margins, also with membranous, often fugacious true indusia.
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The inner ear comprises three specialized regions of the membranous labyrinth: the vestibular sacs – the utricle and saccule, and the semicircular canals, which are the vestibular organs, as well as the cochlear duct, which is involved in the special sense of hearing. The semicircular canals are filled with endolymph due to its connection with the cochlear duct via the saccule, which also contains endolymph. It also contains an inner membranous sleeve that lines the semicircular canals. The canals also contain the crista ampullaris.
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The bulb at the base of the stem is roughly spherical and wide. The volva is limbate (has a distinct edge), thin, membranous, with free limb up to 7 mm in height, and both surfaces are white. The ring is near the top of the stem, thin, membranous, white, persistent or may be torn from the stem during expansion of the cap. All tissues of the fruit body will turn yellow if a drop of dilute potassium hydroxide is applied.
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The bisexual flowers are sitting solitary or in groups of up to 4 in the axils of upper leaves (bracts), with 2 paired bracteoles. Flowers consist of 5 subequal membranous perianth segments, that are free nearly from base; 3-5 stamens without appendages; and an ovary with 2-3 thick and short stigmas. In fruit, prominent membranous wings develop on the back of the perianth segments, usually 2-3 of them larger than the others. Rarely, the perianth remains unwinged.
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In females, the voice is three tones lower than the child's and has five to twelve formants, as opposed to the pediatric voice with three to six. The length of the vocal fold at birth is approximately six to eight millimeters and grows to its adult length of eight to sixteen millimeters by adolescence. The infant vocal fold is half membranous or anterior glottis, and half cartilaginous or posterior glottis. The adult fold is approximately three-fifths membranous and two-fifths cartilaginous.
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This red algae consists of a single membranous layer of cells forming a blade attached by a disk holdfast. It grows to a length of 20 to 50 cm long.Smith, G.M. 1955. Cryptogamic Botany.
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They are mostly perennial, herbaceous plants, shrubs, or lianas. The membranous, cordate simple leaves are spread out, growing alternately along the stem on leaf stalks. The margins are commonly entire. No stipules are present.
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The ear-shaped shell is extremely thin, even membranous in part and concealed in the mantle. It has a small spiral turn at the apex. The aperture is very large. The shell lacks a columella.
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These are called "phyllaries", or "involucral bracts". They may simulate the sepals of the pseudanthium. These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly coloured (e.g. Helichrysum) or have a scarious (dry and membranous) texture.
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During mitosis, only one daughter cell appears to acquire this structure. There are other vacuoles that may contain membranous inclusions, while still others contain crystalline material variously interpreted as oxalate crystals or crystalline uric acid.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers accompanied by a long, cylindrical bract which appears like an extension of the stem. The flower is made up of a few pointed, brown segments with membranous edges.
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Leptodoras is easily recognized by its long conical snout and well-developed oral hood formed by the membranous union of maxillary barbels, paired jaw barbels on the chin, and lip structures. It has fimbriate barbels.
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The inflorescence is narrow and compact, bearing spikelets parallel to the stem instead of spreading outward. Each spikelet is one to two centimeters long and contains up to 14 or 15 florets with membranous margins.
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In electron microscopy, the eyespot apparatus appears as a highly ordered lamellar structure formed by membranous rods in a helical arrangement. In Chlamydomonas, the eyespot is part of the chloroplast and takes on the appearance of a membranous sandwich structure. It is assembled from chloroplast membranes (outer, inner, and thylakoid membranes) and carotenoid-filled granules overlaid by plasma membrane. The stacks of granules act as a quarter-wave plate, reflecting incoming photons back to the overlying photoreceptors, while shielding the photoreceptors from light coming from other directions.
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The upper (aboral) surface has few primary tubercles and spines but the lower (oral) surface is densely covered in perforated tubercles from which slender, club-shaped spines project, each one embedded in a membranous sac. These spines articulate with the tubercles and are used to support the animal and also in locomotion. Observations of live individuals on the seabed show that the few spines on the aboral surface are also enclosed in large membranous sacs, but these are usually destroyed in bringing the animal to the surface.
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The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the perineum (Colles' fascia) is the deeper layer (membranous layer) of the superficial perineal fascia. It is thin, aponeurotic in structure, and of considerable strength, serving to bind down the muscles of the root of the penis. Colles' fascia emerges from the perineal membrane, which divides the base of the penis from the prostate. Colles' fascia emerges from the inferior side of the perineal membrane and continues along the ventral (inferior) penis without covering the scrotum.
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A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart. The extent of the opening may vary from pin size to complete absence of the ventricular septum, creating one common ventricle. The ventricular septum consists of an inferior muscular and superior membranous portion and is extensively innervated with conducting cardiomyocytes. The membranous portion, which is close to the atrioventricular node, is most commonly affected in adults and older children in the United States.
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Assembly occurs within the cytoplasm of the host cell. Release occurs via budding of a membranous vesicle and ultimately results in lysis. The host cell is denigrated after the cell's membrane is ruptured upon virus' exit.
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The wings are greyish, membranous and translucent, with pronounced dark venation. At rest they are held roof-like over their body. The flat larvae reach approximately . Macan, T. T. (1959) A guide to freshwater invertebrate animals.
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Perennial. Tubercle small, proliferous, surrounded with membranous brown tunics. Leaves 4-6, appearing together with flowers, strongly canaliculate, 1.5–2 mm wide. Basal spathe often surrounding numerous scapes. Floral spathe diphyllous, partly enclosing a long tube.
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It is also long and wide with the branches being scaberulous. Spikelets are cuneate and are . They carry one fertile floret which have a bearded floret callus. Fertile lemma is keelless, membranous, oblong and is long.
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The basal part of the seed is a membranous wing with a single, central vein that forms as a remnant of the funiculus. The embryoniferous part of the seed is near the edge of the capsule.
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The first five of these bear flat, membranous gills and the sixth bears a pair of long, forked uropods.Ligia exotica: Wharf roach Smithsonian Marine Station. Retrieved December 3, 2011.Biology of Isopods Retrieved December 3, 2011.
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It has a smoother stem, that can reach up to between long. The stem has 3 green, lanceolate, (scarious) membranous, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud). They are long and 1-1.8 cm wide.
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The partial veil is layered. The surface underneath can be cottony or fibrillose. Sometimes, it fragments, leaving scattered cottony patches over a membranous-tomentose basement layer. The annulus is superior, thin, and initially erect, then pendulous.
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Drawing of cerata of Fiona pinnata. There are small afferent (leading into heart) vessels in cerata with puckered membranous fringe on the inner sides. The vessels are leading to great median trunk and to the heart.
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Its lemma have a toothed apex which is also truncate and awned. The fertile lemma is long and is both membranous and oblong. The species also have an elliptic and hyaline palea which is long of lemma.
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Its annulus is white and membranous, and A. verna react yellow with 20% potassium hydroxide solution, unlike its relative Amanita phalloides var. alba while Amanita virosa gets an orangeyellow reaction. The mushroom's spores are smooth and elliptical.
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It is also the type that will most commonly require surgical intervention, comprising over 80% of cases. Membranous ventricular septal defects are more common than muscular ventricular septal defects, and are the most common congenital cardiac anomaly.
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In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Insects with membranous wings, including bees, wasps and ants were brought together under the name Hymenoptera.
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Hayez, Impr. des Académies. Bruxelles 1921 In these slender, small insects the back part of the head (occiput) is reddish, while in all other species it is usually black.The garden safari Wings are membranous with black markings.
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The plant is very similar in form to Iris dichotoma but only smaller. The stems have 3–5 green, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which have membranous margins. They are long and 7–8 mm wide.
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At least two species, Yi qi and Ambopteryx longibrachium, developed a patagium, supporting it with the elongated third finger as well as a unique styliform wrist bone akin to similar structures in flying squirrels, bats, pterosaurs and anomalures. Though propatagia are known in birds and similar dinosaurs, scansoriopterygids were the only known dinosaurs to develop true membranous wings, most notably so due to the presence of already fairly derived feathers.Min Wang; Jingmai K. O’Connor; Xing Xu; Zhonghe Zhou (2019). "A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs". Nature.
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Of note, corticosteroids (typically Prednisone) alone are of little benefit. They should be combined with one of the other 5 medications, each of which, along with prednisone, has shown some benefit in slowing down progression of membranous nephropathy. It must be kept in mind, however, that each of the 5 medications also carry their own risks, on top of prednisone. The twin aims of treating membranous nephropathy are first to induce a remission of the nephrotic syndrome and second to prevent the development of end-stage kidney failure.
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Camptopus lateralis can reach a length of . Body is elongated and rather hairy, with a dark brown background color, white margins and many veins in the membranous apex. Abdomen is orange brown. Head is wider than the pronotum.
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The membranous pericarp adheres to the vertically orientated seed. The dark seed coat is spiny or smooth. The embryo is annular, surrounding the copious, farinaceous perisperm. The chromosome base number is x = 6, which is unusual for Chenopodioideae.
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The spore print is white. The thick stalk has a double ring which helps identify it. The main upper ring is attached high up on the stalk just underneath the gills. It is membranous and can break off.
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The heads contain yellow disc florets, and some species have yellow ray florets. The fruit has a pappus with an outer row of wide, membranous scales and an inner row of longer, narrower scales. ; SpeciesCalostephane. The Plant List.
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In anatomy, the orbital septum (palpebral fascia) is a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior (frontal) boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids. It forms the fibrous portion of the eyelids.
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Flowers: leathery calyx coloured pinkish; size of the calyx 20 to 25. calyx membranous, upper calyx "wings" appear petalous. lilac light violet Fruit: The fruit is ovoid or oblong in shape, with a fleshy pericarp. The seed is large.
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The stems can lie along the ground (after flowering) and can eventually produce roots, creating larger clumps of this plant. There are 4–6 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are generally membranous. They are 1.5 cm wide.
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They are arranged alternately and have stalks (petioles). The ocrea is tubular and membranous. The inflorescences are terminal, paniclelike or racemelike, borne on stems (pedunculate). Individual flowers are either bisexual or unisexual, with four greenish to reddish brown tepals.
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Species in this genus are distinguished from other Echinothuriidae by their lack of ophicephalous pedicellariae (despite presence of dactylous ones), and the presence of prominent membranous gaps along horizontal sutures in interambulacral zones of both oral and aboral surfaces.
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It is a tree reaching 3.7-5.5 meters in height. Its branches have numerous lenticels. Its leaves are crowded and arranged in two opposite rows on the branches. The membranous, oblong leaves are 5.4-13.5 by 2.7-5.4 centimeters.
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It have hyaline palea which is long with rhachilla is extended at . Flowers are membranous and long with two lodicules. They also have three stamens which are long with fruits being caryopses, having an additional pericarp and linear. hilum.
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The genus Halogeton includes both annual and perennial species. The leaves are fleshy cylindrical, terminating in a persistent or caducous bristle. There are three to several flowers in the axil of each floral leaf. The perianth segments are membranous.
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Grows to a maximum length of 2 m. The whole frond is brown and consists of a distinct midrib with wavy membranous lamina up to 7 cm wide on either side. The frond is unbranchedDickinson, C.I. (1963). British Seaweeds.
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"Reassessing the endemic European Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg Cairanoolithus." Historical Biology, (ahead-of-print), 1–14. Unlike many dinosaur eggs, the calcareous and membranous parts of Dictyoolithus eggshells probably formed simultaneously in the oviduct, as in the modern tuatara.
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The ring is membranous, measuring 1–2 mm thick. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. The spores are ellipsoid, and measure 5–5.5 by 3.5–5 µm. Agaricus santacatalinensis is classified in the subgenus Lanagaricus of the genus Agaricus.
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A. littoralis): habit Aristolochia is a genus of evergreen and deciduous lianas (woody vines) and herbaceous perennials. The smooth stem is erect or somewhat twining. The simple leaves are alternate and cordate, membranous, growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules.
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Platelets may be enlarged. The membrane surface connected canalicular system is disrupted with prominent tubules and small membranous vesicles. Alpha granules may be missing from the platelets. Despite these abnormalities there is no increased tendency to bleed in this syndrome.
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Flowers bloom from the months of November through July, peaking in February, March and April. They are bisexual, 10 cm in diameter, with 6 spatulate, white petals and 3 gray membranous sepals. A perianth is formed of a yellowish white corolla.
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The lower sterile floret of the lemma is ovate and is 1 length of a spikelet which is also emarginate, membranous and mucronate. The fertile lemma is coriaceous, keelless, oblong, shiny and is long with involute margins and acute apex.
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It has a small brown rhizome.British Iris Society (1997) Underneath, are long thin secondary roots. It forms small tufts of plants, which can be up to across. It has slender, bluish-green leaves, which have a narrow white, membranous inner margin.
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Hymenonema is the contraction of the Latin hymen, meaning "membrane", and nema, a word for "thread", "cloth", "weft", probably indicating the plant has membranous margins to the involucral bracts, or the receptacular bracts (or paleas), or the branches of the style.
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The internodes are long, exceeding all leaves except some of the uppermost. The sessile, spreading, persistent leaves are long and wide. The leaves are papery and membranous. Lower leaves are ovate or elliptic and upper leaves are ovate or suborbicular.
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It peduncle is long with the bracts length being . The nutlet itself is elliptic and is long and wide. It also have membranous wings and it blooms from June to August while the flowers come out from May to June.
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All the species parasitized nest in holes, covered nests, or deep cup nests. The chick has a membranous hook on the bill that it uses, while still blind and featherless, to kill the host's young outright or by repeated wounds.
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Gasteromycetes, I. Lycoperdales, Nidulariales, Phallales, Sclerodermatales, Tulostomatales. J. Cramer: Berlin, Germany. 271 p. There are furfuraceous scales or low warts on the endoperidium, which consists of a thin, membranous, ochre-brown to medium-brown layer, opening via a ragged apical pore.
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Its drooping, solitary flowers are born on pedicels in axillary positions. The pedicels are 0.9-1.1 centimeters long with 2 basal bracts. Its membranous, hairless, oval, green sepal are 0.7–1.9 by 0.5–1.5 centimeters with pointed to tapering tips.
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The sacculus is an organ in the inner ear containing a membranous sac that is used for balance, but can also detect seismic waves in animals that use this form of communication. Vibrations may be combined with other sorts of communication.
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The pale stipe, or stem, measures up to 10 cm (4 in) tall and thick and bears small dots near the top. Unlike most other boletes, it bears a distinctive membranous ring that is tinged brown to violet on the underside.
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The bony labyrinth receives its blood supply from three arteries: 1- Anterior tympanic branch (from maxillary artery). 2- Petrosal branch (from middle meningeal artery). 3- Stylomastoid branch (from posterior auricular artery). The membranous labyrinth is supplied by the labyrinthine artery.
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A bush reaching 3-4 meters in height. Its membranous, elliptical leaves are 4-6 by 2-3.5 centimeters and have rounded or slightly indented tips. The leaves are hairless on both surfaces. Its petioles are 2-3 millimeters long.
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The fruit in an ovoid, compressed utricle with membranous pericarp. The erect seed is brown or reddish brown, oblong, with smooth surface. It contains copious perisperm (feeding tissue), and a half-annular embryo. The chromosome basic number is x = 9.
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Cortinarius verrucisporus is a basidiomycete fungus of the large agaric genus Cortinarius. It was described as new to science in 1969 by mycologist Harry Delbert Thiers and Alexander H. Smith. The species is characterized by a long- lasting membranous universal veil.
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Males have a hectocotylus on the fourth right arm. The basal two thirds of this arm have 14 large, basal suckers followed by 20 reduced suckers with the ventral series is much reduced and some of these suckers are not true suckers but have a nipple like form. The outer third of the arm has 25 pairs of suckers which have their bases swollen into transverse, membranous papillae. These are closely set in two series, the ventral series is comb-like with much smaller rudimentary suckers on tips of papillae, separated by a membranous ridge along middle line.
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Life restoration by Emily Willoughby Yi qi, and presumably other scansoriopterygids, possessed a type of wing unknown among any other prehistoric bird relatives. Unlike other paravian dinosaurs, they seem to have replaced bird-like feathers with membranous wings, in what may have been one of many independent evolutionary experiments with flight close to the origin of birds. The membranous wings of Yi qi are unique among dinosaurs and difficult to interpret. That the arm could in principle function as a wing, is shown by being longer than the already elongated hindlimb and the sufficient thickness of its long bones.
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Clamps are common at bases of basidia. Its stem is around 124–137 (12.4-13.7 cm) × 16–23 (1.6-2.3 cm) mm, with a pale yellow to orange color in the upper part of the mushroom's stem with a light yellow on the ground, becoming brown to blackish with handling, stuffed, subcylindric to cylindrical, with irregular ragged patches and strands of orange-yellow felted to membranous material on the outer surface; the stem decoration becomes more intensely orange when handled. The ring is attached in the upper part, subapical, skirt-like, copious, membranous, persistent, orange-yellow at first, becoming yellow-orange.
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The membranous urethra or intermediate part of male urethra is the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the urinary meatus, the narrowest part of the urethra. It extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm about 2.5 cm below and behind the pubic symphysis. The hinder part of the urethral bulb lies in apposition with the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, but its upper portion diverges somewhat from this fascia: the anterior wall of the membranous urethra is thus prolonged for a short distance in front of the urogenital diaphragm; it measures about 2 cm in length, while the posterior wall which is between the two fasciæ of the diaphragm is only 1.25 cm long. The anatomical variation in membranous urethral length measurements in men have been reported to range from 0.5 cm to 3.4 cm.
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It has a very short slender stem, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has 2 lanceolate and (scarious) membranous spathe (leaves of the flower bud). They are between long and about 0.8 cm wide. They have a distinct midvein.
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Choanal atresia is a congenital disorder where the back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked, usually by abnormal bony or soft tissue (membranous) due to failed recanalization of the nasal fossae during fetal development. It was first described by Roederer in 1755.
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These species occur in a large diversity of habitat over sandy and muddy bottoms. Like other members of the Loricariichthys group, Loricariichthys species are lip brooders. The male holds the clutch of eggs in a large membranous extension of the lower lip.
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The stipe is 4–9 cm long and 0.5-2.5 cm thick. At the base, it is slightly enlarged and becomes stuffed at maturity. The white veil is rather membranous and yields a thin ring. When cut, the cortex discolours to pinkish-orange.
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Schiedea membranacea is a rare species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name papery schiedea and membranous schiedea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Kauai.Schiedea membranacea. The Nature Conservancy.
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The Panorpidae are a family of scorpionflies containing more than 480 species. The family is the largest family in Mecoptera, covering approximately 70% species of the order. Species range between 9–25 mm long. These insects have four membranous wings and threadlike antennae.
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Colpomenia peregrina (syn. Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès et Solier var. peregrina Sauvageau) is a small brown alga, bladder-like, hollow and membranous, up to 9 cm across. The surface is thin and smooth but often collapsed or torn when older.
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They have two pairs of wings, the first pair being membranous wings and the second pair being reduced wings known as halteres which are used for flight stabilization.Durden, C. (1999). Two-wing flies. In G. Zappler (Ed.), Texas insects (pp. 46-49).
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The upper glume is as ovate as the lower one and is long. Both glumes are membranous, are purple in colour, have no keels, and are 5-veined. The apex of the upper glume is either acute or acuminate. Flowers have 3 stamens.
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The lower glume can either be flabellate or obovate and is long. It is also length of upper glume and is membranous and thinner above. It is even much thinner on the margins. It has no keels but is 5-7 veined.
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The basal segment of the labium is very short and annular with the distal segment transverse and longer than the first segment. The palpifer is sclerotised and fused with the opposite palpifer to form a complete ring. The submentum is entirely membranous.
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Bambusa basihirsuta has 3 lodicules, all membranous and ciliate. It has anthers that are 7 mm long. It has 2 to 3 stigmas. It can grow to a 700–1200 cm in height, enabled by a 60–90 mm diameter woody stem.
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Knema kostermansiana is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. These trees typically vary from about six to 20 meters in height. The leaves are membranous (thin and transparent), chartaceous (paper-like), and elliptic.
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Vaccinium membranaceum is an erect shrub growing up to in maximum height. The new twigs are yellow-green and somewhat angled. The deciduous leaves are alternately arranged. The very thin to membranous, oval leaf blades are up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long.
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It has a very short stem, almost at ground level. The stem has 3 or 4, membranous, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud). They dry after flowering. The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April and June.
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Dendritic spines can develop directly from dendritic shafts or from dendritic filopodia. During synaptogenesis, dendrites rapidly sprout and retract filopodia, small membrane organelle-lacking membranous protrusions. Recently, I-BAR protein MIM was found to contribute to the initiation process.Saarikangas, Juha, et al.
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The wingspan is about 34 mm for females and 38 mm for males. Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are smaller and their wings are characterized by large areas of hyaline (glass- like) membrane lacking scales. Females are larger without the hyaline membranous areas.
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A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials comparing treatments of membranous nephropathy showed that regimes comprising chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, either alone or with steroids, were more effective than symptomatic treatment or treatment with steroids alone in inducing remission of the nephrotic syndrome.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are oblong, keelless, and are membranous. Their size is different though; lower one is long while the upper one is long. It palea is 2-veined. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules and grow together.
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The pale glossy to dull leaf blade is cm long and wide. Near the leaf margins are yellow crystal cells ("cystolites"). The two membranous, deciduous stipules are not fused, lanceolate and (rarely to ) long. Wolverton, BC (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air .
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The partial veil is white, membranous, and has small brown floccose scales concentrated near the margin. The annulus is thin and pendulous on the stipe.Arora, p. 314 The spores are 6.5–8.0 μm by 4.5–5.0 μm, smooth, thick-walled, and ellipsoid.
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Management depends on what part of the urethra was injured and to what extent. The two broad anatomical separations are the posterior and anterior urethra. The posterior urethra includes the prostatic and membranous urethra. The anterior urethra includes the bulbous and pendulous portion.
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The leaf underside is hispid and its sinus is cordate. The plant has long, membranous and brownish stipules; it has a yellow-green pedicellated and glabrous inflorescence. The ovoid flowers appear from May to July, they produce ovoid and urn-shaped fruits.
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It has a slender stem (or peduncle), that can grow up to between tall. Very occasionally, they can reach 30 cm tall. The stem has 3 green, membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are long, and wider than the main leaves.
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The stem (peduncle) of the flower spike does not emerge from the leaf sheaths. Several purple or white flowers are produced. Membranous bracts, 2–2.5 cm long subtend the flowers. Each flower has the typical structure for Roscoea (see that article for labelled images).
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Annexins are characterized by their calcium dependent ability to bind to negatively charged phospholipids (i.e. membrane walls). They are located in some but not all of the membranous surfaces within a cell, which would be evidence of a heterogeneous distribution of Ca2+ within the cell.
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It has panicles which are long and wide. Its pedicels are in length while the leaf blades are long and wide. Both the upper and lower glumes are shiny, lanceolate, and membranous. The lemma have a dorsal awn and dentate apex with obscure lateral veins.
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The apex of the lower glume is erose and obtuse. The upper glume is lanceolated and is in length. Just like lower glume it doesn't have keels and is membranous, but have veins which are 3-5. The upper apex is either acute or obtuse.
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James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) They are falcate (or sickle shaped), with membranous margins. The leaves can grow up to long, they are shorter (than the flowering stem) at the time of blooming. They are between 0.2 – 0.5 cm wide.
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There are two stamens and an ovoid ovary with two stigmas. In fruiting phase, the perianth becomes thick and spongy and encloses the fruit. Towards the apex, the perianth is widened, flattened, and furnished with a wing-like margin. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous.
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Below the flowers stand three to seven grayish green, acute leaves that envelop the stem, with membranous edges and three to five veins. Sometimes the withered leaf remains of the rosette of the previous year are still visible at the base of the stem.
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The stigmas are decurrent along the commissures of the ovary and sometimes extended above, to form false styles called stylodia. The stigmatic areas are dry. The megagametophyte is of the Polygonum type. The fruit is an erect, membranous capsule, which opens at the apex only.
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The leaves are often membranous with dark bacterial nodules. Pavetta has small, white, tubular flowers, sometimes salviform or funnel-shaped with 4 spreading petal lobes. The flowers are carried on terminal corymbs or cymes.Encyclopaedia of Garden Plants, C. Brickell, 1996, London, Royal Horticultural Society, .
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Paramural bodies are membranous or vesicular structures located between the cell walls and cell membranes of plant and fungal cells. When these are continuous with the cell wall, they are termed lomasomes, while they are referred to as plasmalemmasomes if associated with the plasmalemma.
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The partial veil forms a ring that is somewhat membranous, fragile to moderately persistent, and yellowish-white to pale yellow. Eventually, as the mushroom matures, it collapses on the stem as a thin membrane. The flesh is white, with a weak odor of bleaching powder.
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The leaves are membranous when young and prominently veined when mature. The plant prefers growing in water-depths of about 60–80 cm. Nymphaea candida has a small white flower (10–20 cm across) with a yellow center. The bisexual flower usually floats alone.
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Defects in membranous bones, exophthalmos, and diabetes insipidus; an unusual syndrome of dyspituitarism. In: Contributions to medical and biological research, dedicated to Sir William Osler. New York, P. B. Hoeber, 1919, 1: 390-401. Medical Clinics of North America, Philadelphia, PA., 1920; 3: 849-871.
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It is a bush reaching 1.5 meters in height. Its membranous leaves are 4-6 by 0.7-1.5 centimeters and are rounded or shallowly notched at their tip. The leaf margins are slightly rolled under. The leaves are dull, pale green on their underside.
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The following terms are used to describe the walls of a cavity: A labyrinth refers to the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth, components of the inner ear, due to their fine and complex structure. A sinus refers to a bony cavity, usually within the skull.
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Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. III, pag. 214 The yellow flowers are terminal, in diameter and surrounded by thorny bracts. The outer bracts are similar to leaves, while the inner bracts surrounding the disk florets are membranous and stiff, with a golden color.
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It is slightly bulbous, and is enclosed into a volva. The ring is flared and white coloured. The ring is ample, membranous, and yellowish in colour. The spores are 8.5–10 μm long and 6–6.5 μm wide, and are white coloured, amyloid and ellipsoid.
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The neurocranium (or braincase) forms the protective cranial cavity that surrounds and houses the brain and brainstem. The upper areas of the cranial bones form the calvaria (skullcap). The membranous viscerocranium includes the mandible. The sutures are fairly rigid joints between bones of the neurocranium.
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A small, erect inflorescence arises from the patch bearing several yellow mustardlike flowers. The fruit is a flat, wavy silique which is oval in shape, somewhat membranous, and up to 1.5 centimeters long. It contains several flat, round seeds with wide wings along the edges.
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The partial veil may be membranous or cobwebby, and may have multiple layers. Various adjectives are commonly used to describe the texture of partial veils, such as: membranous, like a membrane; cottony, where the veil tissue is made of separate fibers that may be easily separated like a cotton ball; fibrillose, composed of thin strands and glutinous, with a slimy consistency. Some mushrooms have partial veils which are evanescent, which are so thin and delicate that they disappear after they rupture, or leave merely a faint trace on the stem known as an annular zone or ring zone. Others may leave a persistent annulus (ring).
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The stem is 124–137 × 16–23 mm with a pale yellowish to orange color in the upper part of the stem with light yellow as the ground color. The ring is attached in the upper part, subapical, skirt-like, copious, membranous, persistent, orange-yellow at first, becoming yellow-orange. The saccate volva is smooth, white, with yellow tints on the inner surface, dry, membranous, firmly attached to the stem. The flesh is white, staining light yellow, and stuffed with moderately dense material. The spores measure around approximately 9.0–11.8 (8.0–18.0) × 6.1–7.5(5.5–9.0) µm and are broadly ellipsoid to elongate (rarely cylindric) and inamyloid.
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In some specimens, this opening is relatively large with a broad margin, and gives the mushroom a truncated appearance. Microscopically, the cap surfaces comprises minute cells and cavities, with a spongy structure similar to that of the stem, but with smaller perforations than the stem. The lower margin of the cap is free from attachment to the stalk, and there is sometimes a membranous veil suspended like a collar around the stem under the cap; the veil can be of varying lengths. This veil can be seen in dissected eggs where it is present as a distinct, thin membranous tissue between the stalk and the cap before expansion.
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Rhopalus subrufus is a species of scentless plant bugs belonging to the family Rhopalidae, subfamily Rhopalinae. Length is about . It can be distinguished for its membranous forewings and the connexivum with dark and light stripes. It mainly feeds on Hypericum species, but also on many other plants.
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It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between tall. Sometimes, the stem seems to only just appear above ground. The stem has 2, yellow-green, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are lanceolate and between long, with a pointed tip.
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Leaf sheaths are glabrous or pilose with hairs long, and lack auricles. The membranous and glabrous ligules are long. Leaf blades are long and wide, with an adaxial surface covered with hairs up to long and a glabrous abaxial surface. Margins are smooth or slightly serrated.
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Navarretia sinistra produces a branching, leafy stem coated in knobby glands. The leaves are sometimes deeply cut or lobed. The inflorescence produces generally 2 or 3 flowers on very thin stalks. Each flower has a pouchlike calyx of sepals which are ribbed with reddish membranous tissue between.
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It is a bush reaching 3 meters in height. Its membranous leaves are variable in size, but generally 15 by 4 centimeters. The tips of the leaves come to a point that curves backwards. The leaves are paler on their lower surface which has brown hairs.
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Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The major cation in endolymph is potassium, with the values of sodium and potassium concentration in the endolymph being 0.91 mM and 154 mM, respectively. It is also called Scarpa's fluid, after Antonio Scarpa.
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The adult N. pinetum is a broad- bodied insect with membranous wings. Females have a saw-like ovipositor at the tip of the abdomen and are larger than males. The larvae have black heads and are creamy-coloured or yellowish, with four longitudinal rows of black spots.
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The species also have glumes which are lanceolate, membranous, and are long with the upper glume having an acuminate apex. Rhachilla is long and pilose. Flowers have two lodicules and two stigmas along with and three stamens which are long. The fruits are caryopses with additional pericarp.
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It is a tree reaching 1.3-2 meters in height. Its young branches are covered in deep red silky hairs. Its leaves are arranged in opposite rows. Its oblong, membranous leaves are 10.5-18 by 3.5-5.5 centimeters and come to a point at their tip.
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The leaflets are ovate with an asymmetrical base. The branchlets are terete and usually covered by a distinctive indumentum of long and short hairs. The stipules have membranous margins. The keel which is about 10 mm long, is not longer than the standard (or barely longer).
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Within the berry, there are typically 250 black seeds, each 2.4 mm in length. Each seed is surrounded by a membranous sac filled with pulpy juice. The flavor of the juice is slightly acidic and musky. The passion fruit's flavor can be compared to the guava fruit.
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Patagia on a flying squirrel To assist gliding, some mammals have evolved a structure called the patagium. This is a membranous structure found stretched between a range of body parts. It is most highly developed in bats. For similar reasons to birds, bats can glide efficiently.
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After flowering, the stem extends up to long. It is not branched and carries the flowers above the foliage. The stem has 2 or 3, keeled, oblong-lanceolate, reddish purple, membranous, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud). They are long and 1.6–2 cm wide.
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The calyx tube itself is not scarious (papery and membranous) at the joints between the lobes. It is a plant of often calcareous grassland but may also be found on rocky ground and occasionally on old mine spoil.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening.
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Plants are monoecious (rarely dioecious). In monoecious plants flowers are dimorphic or pistillate. Flowers consist of (4–) 5 perianth segments connate. basally or close to the middle, usually membranous margined and with a roundish to keeled back; almost always 5 stamens, and one ovary with 2 stigmas.
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Head profile They have large and stout bodies with long membranous forewings. The head is short and may have a long process. There are 11 species in the genus. Often found on the bark of Ficus trees, they are tended by ants and sometimes parasitized by Dryinidae.
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The species' rachis is scaorus while it branches are scabrous. It spikelets are obconic and are violet in colour. It also have filiform pedicels which are curved and puberulent. The species' lower glume is long and wide and is also either obovate or flabelliform and papery-membranous.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a slowly progressive disease of the kidney affecting mostly people between ages of 30 and 50 years, usually Caucasian. Video explanation It is the second most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recently becoming the most common.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous, and are purple in colour. Their size is different though; lower one is long while the upper one is long. It palea is 2-veined. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules and grow together.
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Ribosomes are sometimes referred to as organelles, but the use of the term organelle is often restricted to describing sub-cellular components that include a phospholipid membrane, which ribosomes, being entirely particulate, do not. For this reason, ribosomes may sometimes be described as "non-membranous organelles".
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The membranous urethra can be separated from the prostate's apex after blunt trauma. The urethra should not be catheterized. Initial management should be the creation of a suprapubic cystostomy for urine drainage. The bladder should be opened in the midline so to facilitate inspection of bladder lacerations.
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Larvae: Glossosomatid larvae have membranous meso- and metanotums (or if they do have sclerites, never more than half of the notum). They do not possess a prosternal horn. Their 9th abdominal segment has a sclerite. In addition, Glossosomatids tend to have short anal prolegs complete with accessory hooks.
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After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong-ovate, hexagonal, (2.5–4 cm long,) seed capsule in September. It has a long beak-like appendage on the top, and 6 visible, longitudinal groves. Inside the capsule, are light brown, angular seeds, with a loose membranous testa (surface).
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Udonellids are symbiotic to fishes, on which body they remain attached using a sucker. The sucker is a membranous extension of the posterior end. It has an indistinct stalk and the anterior surface is lined with microvilli. Some portion of the tegument has interconnected surface extension appearing as loops.
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Labrum is at least partly visible, or concealed beneath clypeus or apparently absent; free, membranous or separated by suture. Major portion of labrum strongly transverse. Apex of labrum subtruncate to slightly convex, or slightly concave or emarginate. Labrum moderately to heavily sclerotized, except at base and-or apex.
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The stipe is white, long and thick at the apex; when young the base of the stipe is bulbous but as it grows it thins and becomes almost the same width as at the top of the stem. A membranous annulus is present, placed low on the stipe.
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Sterile florets are barren, clumped, oblong, and long. Both the lower and upper glumes are ovate, keelless, membranous, and have acute apexes. Their size is different; Lower glume is long, is pallid and purple coloured, while the upper one is long. Palea have ciliolated keels and is 2-veined.
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Both the lower and upper glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous, and have acute apexes. Their size is different; Lower glume is long while the upper one is long. Palea is elliptic, have scabrous surface and is 2-veined. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules, and grow together.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous and oblong with acute apexes. The size is different though; Lower glume is while the upper one is long. Its lemma have an acute apex with the fertile lemma being chartaceous, keelless, ovate and long. Its palea is 2-veined.
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The fruit has a membranous pericarp, which is free or loosely attached to the seed. The oval to orbicular seeds are horizontally orientated in terminal flowers, but vertically or horizontally in lateral flowers. The brownish or black seed coat can be almost smooth, finely reticulate, or minutely pitted.
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The beetles have a body length of (males) (females). The body is dark brown and has a reddish tinge. The males have greatly shortened wing covers and unlike other fireflies are similar to the female. Their membranous wings are reduced, which is why they resemble the flightless females.
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The stem has green, glaucous, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). The stems hold 1, or 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in spring, in April. The large flowers, come in shades of purple, violet, purple-blue, or blue. The flowers are larger than Iris pumila.
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Its common name is Ouachita kidneyshell.Ptychobranchus occidentalis. NatureServe. 2012. This mussel packages its larvae, or glochidia, in a membranous conglutinate which resembles a small prey item. When a fish comes to investigate this lure, the glochidia attach to its gills and use it as a host during their development.
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The petiole is long and has membranous wings lined on each side. Leaves are obovate or elliptic or more broadly, about by . The base of leaves is gradually small and blade margin is slightly undulate to serrate and broad-acute to rounded at apex. Margins have soft hairs.
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The flowers are placed in the axils of bracts membranous and lanceolate-shaped. Their colors vary from light pink to purple or white with darker streaks mainly on the labellum (sometimes at the margins of tepals). The flowers reaches on average . The flowers are hermaphrodite and insect pollinated.
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The fingers are very long and have pads on the tips. The toes have flattened nails except for the second and third toes on hind feet, which bear claw-like nails. It has large eyes which do not reflect light. The membranous ears are slender and almost bare.
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The hairs are short so that the mesosoma appears to be smooth and bare. The mesosoma is a darkened and reddish brown, with yellowish white sections. The legs are a pale brown. The wasp has two pairs of membranous wings, which are held to the body by small hooks.
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Some people may present as nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria, edema with or without kidney failure. Others may not have symptoms and may be picked up on screening or urinalysis as having high amounts of protein loss in the urine. A definitive diagnosis of membranous nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy.
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Fertile spikelets are pediceled and have rhachilla stems that are long. Florets are diminished at the apex. Its lemma have scaberulous surface and emarginated apex with fertile lemma being chartaceous elliptic, keelless, and long. Both the lower and upper glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous, and have acute apexes.
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In young mushrooms, the gills exude drops of clear fluid. The dry, white to pale grey stipe measures long by thick. It has a bulbous base, a white to grey, membranous volva at the stipe base, and white mycelium at the base. The stipe has a white ring.
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The capsule is triangular in section with blunt edges and bears seeds that are large and polygonal or irregularly flattened and biseriate. The seed testa is engraved into a puzzle like pattern. The globose bulbs have soft membranous tunics. Chromosome numbers: 2n=16 (12, 14 in G. saundersiae).
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After flowering they begin to fade away, before regrowing in spring. It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. The flowers are high above the foliage. The stem has 1 green, lanceolate, membranous, spathes (leaf of the flower bud), which is long.
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It may bend, lie flat on the ground, or float in the water of ponds and streams. The leaves bear ligules up to a centimeter long. The narrow, long inflorescence has cylindrical spikelets one to two centimeters long, each made up of 6 to 11 florets with membranous margins.
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New York: Dover Publ., 1970. 184-89. Print. The glumes are found to be unequal, and are either longer or shorter than the lemma. The lemma is obtuse to acuminate or awned, while the membranous lemma is narrow, acute, mucronate, or awned, and usually pilose at the base.
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The ovary is broadly ovate and tapers upwards, terminating into five styles that are recurved at their apex. The stigma is obtuse and downy. The calyx is composed of five large, lax, and obovate sepals. The sepals are united at their base and their membranous margins are denticulate.
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However, one likely mechanism involves an endotracheal tube catching in a fold of membrane and tearing it as it is advanced downward through the airway. When an endotracheal tube tears the trachea, it typically does so at the posterior (back) membranous wall. Unlike TBI that results from blunt trauma, most iatrogenic injuries to the airway involve longitudinal tears to the back of the trachea or tears on the side that pull the membranous part of the trachea away from the cartilage. Excessive pressure from the cuff of an endotracheal tube can reduce blood supply to the tissues of the trachea, leading to ischemia and potentially causing it to become ulcerated, infected, and, later, narrowed.
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Amanita atkinsoniana is classified in the stirps Microlepsis of subsection Solitariae, in the section Lepidella of the genus Amanita. Species in the subsection Solitariae are distinguished by several characteristics: a volva composed of cellular structures of varying shape; rows of large cylindrical to slender club-shaped cells that are never dominant; a stem that typically has a bulbous base and remnants of the volva on the surface that are concentrated towards the base; the volva is not membranous nor nearly membranous, never forming a limb at the base of the stem, and never forming patches on the surface of the cap, where the outer layer consists of hyphae pressed against the surface.
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The bodies of all types have two main parts. The cystid consists of the body wall and whatever type of exoskeleton is secreted by the epidermis. The exoskeleton may be organic (chitin, polysaccharide or protein) or made of the mineral calcium carbonate. The body wall consists of the epidermis, basal lamina (a mat of non-cellular material), connective tissue, muscles, and the mesothelium which lines the coelom (main body cavity) – except that in one class, the mesothelium is split into two separate layers, the inner one forming a membranous sac that floats freely and contains the coelom, and the outer one attached to the body wall and enclosing the membranous sac in a pseudocoelom.
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Nepenthes × harryana was first described by Frederick William Burbidge in 1882. Burbidge wrote of it as follows: > Apart from these I found an intermediate between N. villosa and N. > Edwardsiana, also epiphytic on Casuarina. This is, I believe, unnamed ; if > so, I should like it to be called Nepenthes Harryana. Now, if a dried > pitcher of N. Edwardsiana be examined, the upper four-fifths of it will be > seen to be membranous, the lower part leathery and hard ; in N. villosa > nearly all is hard and leathery except about half-an-inch below the hardened > rim of the urns ; in N. Harryana about one-third is hard, and two-thirds > soft or membranous below the rim.
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The membranous hypothallus is barely larger than the plasmodiocarp and dark brown to darkish. The peridium is double-layered: the outer layer, which occasionally features lime tubercles, is rough, gristly, wrinkled and shiny to faint, and the membranous inner layer is iridescent. The reticular, dense capillitium is composed of transparent strands, which connect the small, rotund to angular, light yellow to medium brown, occasionally whitish-coloured lime tubercles. The spores are in diameter 7 to 9 (rarely 6 to 10) µm and are nearly smooth to finely spiky and in the mass brown, individually pale purple or purple brown in transmitted light, occasionally groups of bigger, darker warts are found on them.
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They are shorter than the flowering stem. It has an erect, strong, straight stem that can grow up to between tall.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) It has thick, linear, lanceolate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). That are 13 mm wide and have a white membranous edge.
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K. hospita flowers throughout the year. Fruit production starts early, often in the third year after planting. The fruit of K. hospita are rounded, 5-lobed, thin-walled, membranous capsules, 2–2.5 cm in diameter, loculicidally dehiscent, each locule having 1–2 seeds. The seeds are globose, whitish, warty and exalbuminous.
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They are oblong and slightly concave. It is monoecious, both sexes occur in each flower. The petals and sepals of the florets are fused into a tube-like, dilated, 16.9mm long perianth-sheath. This sheath is scarious (dry, thin, membranous), having three keels and seven veins on the lower part.
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The open flower has two membranous sepals that join to form a spathe. The four white petals are up to 2.5 centimeters long and are arranged in two layers. At the center of the flower are over 70 stamens with yellow anthers. The fruit is a capsule about 2 centimeters long.
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Caltha novae-zelandiae is a small (3–5 cm, exceptional up to 18 cm high), hairless, perennial herb. Plants form mats of rosettes. Its white rhizomes are stout and fleshy. The spade- shaped leaves have slender, grooved petioles of up to 10 cm long that form a membranous sheathing base.
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ISSN 0019-9567. PMID 9916071; 2019-12-01 Once the membranous tissues within the fallopian tubes are infected, complications in pregnancies will arise. In men, this bacterium infects the urethra. Testing on male subjects, showed apparent bacteria forming colonies within the epithelium and exhibiting signs of damage in these cells.
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The apex of the lemma is emarginated with the hairs being of in length. The lower glume is membranous, ovate, is long and is longer than the upper glume. The upper glume is oblong and is long. Both glumes are emarginated, are asperulous on the bottom and have no keels.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are oblong, keelless, membranous, and are purple in colour. Their size is different though; lower one is long while the upper one is long. Its palea have ciliolated keels and is 2-veined. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules and grow together.
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Spikelets are long and are both elliptic and solitary. They also carry both a pediceled fertile spikelet and one fertile floret which have a hairless callus. The glumes are long, lanceolate, membranous and have acute apexes. Fertile lemma is of the same size as glumes and is both elliptic and hyaline.
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It has branches (or pedicels) near top of the plant. The stem has (scarious) membranous, (or translucent) spathes (leaves of the flower bud). Similar to Iris illyrica, the spathes can have a dirty, rusty markings. The stems (and the branches) hold between 3 and 8 flowers, between May and June.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, lanceolate, and are membranous with the acute apex only present with the upper glume. Their size is different though; lower one is long while the upper one is . Its rachilla internodes are covered with soft hairs. Flowers have 3 anthers that are long.
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At maturity, the stem is stuffed. The surface is white, and turns smooth at the apex, while it is finely scaled below. The partial veil is white, membranous, and two layered. The upper surface is striate, while the lower surface is composed of scaly patches, forming a small, superior annulus.
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Montpelier: Jan/Feb 2006. Vol. 49, Iss. 1; p. 49 Returning to Paris, with a high fever, he was admitted to the hospital Notre Dame du Perpétuel Secours in Levallois- Perret, a suburb northwest of Paris, and was operated on for pericarditis, an inflammation of the membranous sac around the heart.
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The partial veil is thin, membranous, and white to cream in colour. Fruit bodies have no distinctive taste, but their odour is faintly spicy or sweet. The spores are egg-shaped and measure 12.6–14 by 6.3–7.8 μm. They are covered with minute rounded warts up to 0.3 μm high.
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Walking is the primary form of locomotion for Silphidae beetles. They are able to travel great distances to find carcasses to breed and feed on. Beetles also have two sets of wings, the elytra and the hind wings. The hind wings are membranous and are modified for flying or swimming.
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Flower stem erect, as long as the leaf, solid. Spathe is lanceolate, membranous, 6-10 cm. Bractlet liner, 3-7 cm. Perianth tube slender and straight, green white, 7-10 cm, diameter 1.5-2 mm. Corolla spider-like shaped, white, linear, revolute, attenuate, long 4.5-9 cm, wide 6-9 mm.
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Harpobittacus septentrionis is about 30mm in length, with a bright orange head and thorax. The abdomen is orange with black ventral and dorsal markings. The legs are orange, black at the joints and claws. It has two sets of membranous wings as distinct from a true fly which has one set.
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They differ from the related subfamily Salsoloideae by the absence of bracteoles. The flowers are mostly bisexual. The perianth consists of (3–) 5 membranous or scarious tepals, which are often fused for about 1/5 to 4/5 of their length. 4–5 stamens are basally fused in a hypogynous disc.
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They are mostly sessile and dehiscent from the tip. The fruit is membranous and contains many seeds. The plant grows perennially, with an acaulescent forb reaching 20 to 50 cm in height and has a taproot. Leaves grow alternately in a pinnate fashion and are usually 8 to 40 cm long.
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The inferior transverse ligament (spinoglenoid ligament) is a weak membranous band, situated behind the neck of the scapula and stretching from the lateral border of the spine to the margin of the glenoid cavity. It forms an arch under which the transverse scapular vessels and suprascapular nerve enter the infraspinatous fossa.
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They are scarious (membranous) and acuminate (pointed) at the tips. They can sheath or cover the base of the stem. The stems hold 1 or 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers,which bloom in late spring, between May and June (in UK and Europe) and between April and July (in India).
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Carpolobia alba is a plant species in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) that is endemic to rainforests, forest fringes, and savanna-park with altitudes below in Western Tropical Africa. It is a shrub or small tree which is tall. Its branches are puberulous or shortly pubescent. Its leaves are membranous or slightly leathery.
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Species of Atraphaxis are much branched woody plants, forming shrubs or shrubby tufts. The current year's branchlets are herbaceous and bear the leaves and flowers. The leaves are simple and alternate, with very short stalks (almost sessile). The ochreas are membranous and usually two-veined, more-or-less joined at the base.
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The membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the Sphincter urethrae membranaceae. In front of it the deep dorsal vein of the penis enters the pelvis between the transverse ligament of the pelvis and the arcuate pubic ligament; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands.
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Calcinea in which the cormus is formed by anastomosed tubes covered by a thin membranous layer, at least in young specimens. Cormus is massive/globular with or without a stalk. The skeleton contains regular (equiangular and equiradiant) triactines and tetractines, but parasagittal triactines may be present. Triactines are the most numerous spicules.
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Causes include a number of kidney diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. It may also occur as a complication of diabetes or lupus. The underlying mechanism typically involves damage to the glomeruli of the kidney. Diagnosis is typically based on urine testing and sometimes a kidney biopsy.
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Currently there is no identified cause of acalvaria. The primary presumed pathogenesis is problematic migration of the membranous neurocranium with respect to the normal positioning of the immature ectoderm. When an embryo develops normally, the anterior neural pore closes about the fourth week. After this occurs, mesenchymal tissue migrates under the ectoderm.
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A small tree, from 1 to 6 metres high, usually with a single trunk. The crown of light branches carries simple, unlobed leaves. The flowering inflorescence is from 5 cm to 30 cm long, and carries 4 to 20 long, narrow flower buds. The narrow, slightly membranous flower petal are green-white.
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Phormosoma placenta is a yellowish-brown colour and can grow to a diameter of . The flexible test is dome-shaped above and flattened beneath. The plates from which the test is made overlap each other and are bound together by a membranous connection. Specimens removed from the water usually collapse into disc shapes.
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The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. The remainder of the skull is the braincase. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
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It is a bush or small tree. Its membranous leaves are 10-16 by 4-7 centimeters and their tips come to a shallow point. The leaves are dark on their upper side, paler below, and bristly on both surfaces. The leaves have 7-8 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs.
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It is a bush with slender branches. Its leaves are arranged in two opposite rows on the branches. Its narrow, smooth, membranous leaves are 6-12 centimeter by 1.2-1.5 centimeters. Its solitary flowers are on 1 centimeter long pedicels that have a small breacteole about half way up from their base.
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The flowering stem is cylindrical, growing to a height of and the upper half is leafless. The whole plant has an onion-like aroma. The inflorescence is a globular cluster surrounded by membranous bracts in bud which wither when the flowers open. Each individual flower is stalked and has a purple perianth long.
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Maurer's clefts are membranous structures seen in the red blood cell during infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The function and contents of Maurer's clefts are not completely known; however, they appear to play a role in trafficking of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) and other adhesins to the red blood cell surface.
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Female catkins are erect during anthesis, but otherwise pendant. They develop into small, woody, superficially cone-like oval dry fruit long. The seeds develop between the woody bracts of the 'cones' and are shed in late autumn and winter. Red alder seeds have a membranous winged margin that allows long-distance dispersal.
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Immature nymphs resemble small adults. Each species shows polymorphism. Most individuals are the apterous form or "morph", with no wings, no eyes, and no or little pigmentation. A few females and even fewer males are in the alate form with relatively large membranous wings that can be shed at a basal fracture line.
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The symptoms often subside shortly after the onset of jaundice but can persist throughout the duration of acute . About 30–50% of people with acute necrotizing vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa) are HBV carriers. HBV-associated nephropathy has been described in adults but is more common in children. Membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common form.
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It also have hairs that are long while fertile lemma is chartaceous, elliptic, keelless, and is long by wide. Both low and upper glumes are membranous and have an obtuse apexes, but are different in size. Also, both glumes have acute apexes. Low glume is long, while the upper one is long.
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It has a thicker rind than a grapefruit. Containing 11–18 segments, the flesh tastes like a mild grapefruit (believed to be a hybrid of Citrus maxima and the orange). The flesh has little of the common grapefruit bitterness. The enveloping membranous material around the segments is bitter, considered inedible, and usually discarded.
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Fertile spikelets are pediceled, the pedicels of which are filiform and are long. Florets are diminished at the apex. Its lemma have scabrous surface and acute apex with fertile lemma is being chartaceous, elliptic, keelless, and is long. Both the lower and upper glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous, and have acute apexes.
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The corolla is urceolate when young but becomes more or less campanulate with advancing age. The five petals are 3.5 to 4.5 mm long and fused at the base. They are narrowly ovate-obtuse, fleshy, and slightly recurved at the apex. The simple, membranous, cylindrical, erect corona is 2.8 to 3 mm high.
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The connate tepals are reduced to a minute membranous lobe or sometimes absent, especially in fruit. There is only one stamen and an ovary with two stigmas. The vertical seed is ovoid, somewhat flattened, reddish-magenta, with tubercular or papillose surface. The seed contains the terete curved embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).
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The universal veil is membranous, often areolate (cracked into irregularly shaped blocks) or scaly, and forms a long, saclike volva that wraps around the base of the stem. It is white to yellowish or dingy brown, and often divided into lobes. The variety flaviceps has a yellow cap. The variety V. bombycina var.
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Flowers carry two ciliate and membranous lodicules that are long. The also have three stamens that are long and are yellow in colour. Their ovary is hairy at the apex. The fruits are caryopses and are long with an additional pericarp, which just like flowers is hairy at the apex as well.
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Such a group is called a tagma, and the tagmata are adapted to different functions in a given arthropod body. For example, tagmata of insects include the head, which is a fused capsule, the thorax as nearly a fixed capsule, and the abdomen usually divided into a series of articulating segments. Each segment has sclerites according to its requirements for external rigidity; for example, in the larva of some flies, there are none at all and the exoskeleton is effectively all membranous; the abdomen of an adult fly is covered with light sclerites connected by joints of membranous cuticle. In some beetles most of the joints are so tightly connected, that the body is practically in an armoured, rigid box.
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Hebeloma radicosoides is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found in Japan, it was described as new to science in 2000. The mushroom's long rooting stipe and membranous ring give it an appearance similar to H. radicosum. Like that species, it is also an ammonia fungus, growing on soil containing urea.
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It is a dwarf plant, that has a stem (or peduncle) that can grow up to between long. The stem is hidden by 1–2 sheathing leaves. The stems have 3–4 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are long. They are greenish tinted purplish, partially membranous, with a hyaline (clear and translucent) margin.
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Leaves emerge curled slightly and folded in half lengthwise. Leaves have stipules which are widened into membranous ochrea wrapped around the leaf bases. Flowers occur in clusters in upper leaf axils. Each is just under a centimeter wide and has five rounded petals, either white with a green stripe or pink with a dark stripe.
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The stigma is slightly larger than the style. This plant flowers between April and August. The fruits are capsules, many-seeded, ovoid- cylindric, hairless to glandular-hairy, membranous to firm-walled, 5–15 mm long, opening from the tip into sharp teeth. Dodecatheon pulchellum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
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Canary grass is a plant, Phalaris canariensis, belonging to the family Poaceae. Originally a native of the Mediterranean region, it is now grown commercially in several parts of the world for birdseed. This large, coarse grass has erect, hairless stems, usually from tall. The ligule is prominent and membranous, long and rounded at the apex.
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The inflorescence is a panicle of several spikes of flowers. The spikes may hang like bells or grow erect. The bracts around the flowers are usually dry, thin, membranous, translucent, and streaked or veined with brown. The bell-shaped flowers of most wild species are pink; red, purple, yellow, and white taxa also exist.
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The rhizomatous perennial herb to grass-like sedge typically grows to a height of and produces green flowers. The sedge has short rhizomes and long stolons. The smooth, erect, rigid and terete stems are in height and have a diameter of . The leaves have membranous sheaths and are a purplish colour at the base.
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Euceraphis punctipennis, the downy birch aphid or European birch aphid, is a species of aphid in the order Hemiptera. These aphids are tiny green insects with soft bodies and membranous wings. They are found living on downy birch trees (Betula pubescens) where they feed and multiply on the buds and leaves by sucking sap.
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The glumes are firmer than fertile lemma and are elliptic, membranous, with acute apexes and asperulous surfaces. The flowers have two lodicules and two stigmas. They also have three stamens which are long with it fruits being caryopsis and fusiformed with an additional pericarp. The fruits also have a farinosed endosperm and punctiform hilum.
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The negative strand RNA then serves as a template for the production of new positive strand viral genomes. Nascent genomes can then be translated, further replicated or packaged within new virus particles. The virus replicates on intracellular lipid membranes. The endoplasmic reticulum in particular is deformed into uniquely shaped membrane structures termed 'membranous webs'.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis is a serious human disease that can be treated with ACTH, which is a known agonist of MC1R. In a rat model of nephritis it was found that treatment with a different agonist of MC1R improved aspects of kidney morphology and reduced proteinuria, which may help explain the benefit of ACTH in humans.
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This small alga is dark green and grows to no more than 2 mm long. The frond is membranous, one cell thick, and fan shaped. It is attached by a short stipe, which may be absent, or rhizoids on some cells at the base. The cells are often arranged in lines across the blade.
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The main panicle branches are indistinct and almost racemose. Spikelets are oblong, solitary, and have fertile spikelets that have filiformed pedicels. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, with obtuse apexes. Their other features are different though; Lower glume is obovate and is long while their upper one is lanceolate and is long.
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The white stem is centrally attached to the cap, roughly cylindrical with a slight widening towards the base, and measures long by 2–3 mm wide. Initially solid, the stem becomes hollow in age. The stem has a membranous, whitish ring on its upper half. The flesh is thin, white, and lacks any distinctive odor.
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These have cheilocystidia which are capitate. Pholiotina are mushrooms which are thin, Mycena-like, with a dry cap surface. These are small and saprotrophic, and tend to be found with grass, and have a veil. Some have a membranous veil, mid-stipe, others the veil breaks up and can be found on the cap margin.
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The top of the stem branches into an inflorescence bearing tiny flowers on thin pedicels. The flower has a pouchlike calyx of sepals made up of ribs with membranous tissue between. The corolla emerges from the calyx, its narrow tubular throat yellow and white spotted and its face white and blue spotted or streaked.
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The feathers on the trunk are about wide and long. They appear to be membranous and ribbon-like, without barbs. This may be an artifact of preservation, but eight nearby primaries show barbs quite clearly. Peters noted that ribbon-like, elongated plumes are known from some living birds, but all are used in display.
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Their wings are membranous and heavily veined to add strength since the adults must find one another through flight. The eyes of adult Ephemerellids are large and sit above two setaceous antennae. Their lightly sclerotized abdomen contains many segments for ease of mating positioning. The main feeding stage for these insects is the larval stage.
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It is a bush in height. Its branches have inconspicuous, brown lenticels. Its membranous, oval leaves are 3-5 by 2.5-3.2 centimeters with rounded apex that ends in an abrupt small point. The leaves are hairless on their upper surface and on their lower surface except along the midrib and veins when young.
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It has membranous margins, visible mid-vein and pointed end. The flowers are in diameter, and come in shades of violet, in April. It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.} The falls are narrowly oblanceolate, long and 5mm wide.
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The genus is distinguished from other genera in tribe Astereae mainly by the structure of the fruit. These achenes or cypselas are roughly club-shaped but usually incurved and flattened. They often have a membranous rim or wing around the edge that is sometimes wavy or fringed. The pappus is less than one millimeter long in most species.
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Tall, dioecious twining perennial vine; often reaching the tops of trees. The annual stems, one or two from each root, are hair with glandular tips and have large bright green membranous leaves which are palmate, alternate and long petioled. The flowers are insignificant and greenish white. The female flower is followed by moon-shaped stone in a drupe.
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The plant is a perennial woody shrub that grows at elevations up to about . Branches are slender and glabrous (having no trichomes or "hair"). The leaves are approximately x , elliptic, membranous, abruptly acuminate at both ends; petiole 1 cm long. Flowers are arranged in axillary long-peduncled congested cymes; sepals are long, triangular, actue and basely connate.
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Close-up on a flowers of Serapias vomeracea Serapias vomeracea is an herbaceous perennial plant with two ovoidal underground tubers. This species is highly variable in color and shape. It reaches a height of , with a maximum of . The stem is green, with two membranous basal leaves and 6-8 upper leaves, lanceolate and glossy green or reddish.
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Herb, tufted, 7.5 to 45 cm high. Stems fleshy, sparsely hairy, tapering, curved ascending, unbranched but proliferating from the base. Procumbent, ascending after rooting. Latex white. Leaves alternate, to 9 x 2.5 cm, obovate or oblanceolate, acute, base attenuate or cuneate, membranous, distantly toothed, sparsely hirsute along the nerves beneath, nerves 8-13 pairs; petiole 1 cm long.
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A newer hypothesis suggests that a membranous conduit forms between the maternal bacteriocyte and blastula which acts as a bridge for symbionts. Additionally, some studies show that the recognition of stem cell niches and association with dynein, kinesin, and microtubules are crucial for transmission from the parent to the offspring germline as well as segregation to host daughter cells.
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Like other members of the family Specidae, the first abdominal segment of S. laetum has been modified into an elongated, slender petiole. This wasp is long and is largely black, with bold yellow markings. It has membranous wings which fold over the body when at rest. Its head is clad with yellow hairs which thin out ventrally.
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It has green spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are slightly keeled, and long. They have scarious (membranous) edges. The short stems have 1 to 2 flowers, in Spring, or summer (in Europe), in April, or May, or early June, or July. In Spring, it can flower 7 to 10 days earlier than Iris cristata.
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It has a flowering stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. It is normally tall. The stems are leafless. The stem has 3 or 4, thin, lanceolate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), they are (scarious) membranous, and semi-transparent.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) They are long, and 1.5–2 cm wide.
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Branches are long and are erect with villous pedicels which are curved as well. Spikelets are in length but could exceed up to . When young, they are bright violet in colour, and carry 1-2 bisexual florets by maturity. The glumes are acute, glabrous, hyaline, membranous, and lanceolated at the same time and have 3-5 veines.
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The species is tall and have 3–8 pairs of leaflets which are elliptic, obovate, sessile, and are by . The leaves are long with membranous and brown coloured stipules. Flowers are as tall as while the sepals are ovate and the apex is acute. It petals are yellow in colour and are obovate with rounded apex.
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The spikelets carry 2–3 sterile florets which are cuneate, clumped, and long. Both the upper and lower glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous, and have an acute apex. The lower glume is long while the upper one is long. Just like the lower glume, the fertile lemma is elliptic, keelless, and is 4–8 mm long.
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The numerous flowers are located in the axils of small, membranous bracts. The hermaphroditic flowers are triple. The six identically shaped bracts are one-third to one-half their length and deformed tubular, bell-shaped or funnel-shaped in form. The color of the bracts ranges from white to cream to brown or more rarely from blue to purple.
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Pyropia species are red algae with a discoid holdfast and short stipe. They have folded blades, which are membranous and monostromatic, coming in red, brown, and dark green colorations. These folded blades may also look like fronds until unfolded. These blades reach up to one meter in length in some species, but are generally around 20 centimeters in diameter.
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Snap peas are often served in salads or eaten whole. They may also be stir-fried or steamed. Before being eaten, mature snap pea pods may need to be "stringed," which means the membranous string running along the top of the pod from base to tip is removed. Over-cooking the pods will make them come apart.
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It is a woody vine reaching 5 centimeters in diameter. It has climbing habit that becomes horizontal as it reaches the forest canopy. Its membranous, elliptical leaves are 12-15 by 5-7 centimeters and come to a tapering point at their tip. Its leaves have 10-12 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs.
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The spikelets have 1-2 fertile flores which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are only 2-3 in number and are barren, lanceolate, clumped and are long. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, and oblong. They are also long and have obtuse apexes. Its palea have thick keels and obtuse apex.
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Nymph The mature adult stage of Hexagenia limbata can be as much as long. The females tend to be slightly larger than the males but have smaller eyes. The forewings are long and membranous while the hind wings are much smaller and have dark margins. The tip of the abdomen bears two long cerci or tails.
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The antennae are about twice the length of the head. The legs are black with whitish tarsi. The wings are membranous; in the resting time, they are folded horizontally on the abdomen and overlapped. H. illucens is a mimic fly, very close in size, color, and appearance to the organ pipe mud dauber wasp and its relatives.
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The species' rhachilla is scaberulous while callus is pubescent. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless and membranous. Their other features are different though; Lower glume is obovate, long with an obtuse apex, while the upper one is lanceolate, long, and have an acute apex. The species' lemma have ciliated and hairy margins with obtuse apex.
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This enzyme is then able to cleave the remaining polyprotein into the individual products. One of the products cleaved is a polymerase, responsible for the synthesis of a (-) sense RNA molecule. Consequently, this molecule acts as the template for the synthesis of the genomic progeny RNA. Flavivirus genomic RNA replication occurs on rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes in membranous compartments.
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The pedicels are 8–20 mm long, and strongly winged towards the apex. The spreading, membranous bracts are 2–3 mm long, and rounded at the apex. The corolla of the mature bud is usually 18–28 mm long, and white, yellow or pink. The fruit is globose, 7–12 mm long, and pink or red.
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The dorsal sepal is erect, long and wide. The lateral sepals have similar dimensions to the dorsal sepal and the petals are long and wide. The labellum is membranous, long, about wide and whitish with its tip twisted into an S-shape. At the base of the labellum there are two fleshy, dark purple, club-shaped parallel calli long.
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The species' also have 2–3 sterile florets which are long, barren, cuneate, and clumped. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, oblong and have obtuse apexes. The size is different though; Lower glume is long, while the upper one is long. Its lemma have pilose surface, obtuse apex and either white or yellow coloured hairs.
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The stem bears a membranous, whitish ring on its upper portion. The flesh is up to 2 mm thick, whitish to pale yellow, and has no distinct odor. Spores are amygdaliform (almond-shaped) with walls up to 1 µm thick, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and measure 5.5–8 by 3.5–4.5 µm. The spores contain refractive oil droplets.
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These impulses travel along the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. The vestibular system is important in maintaining balance, or equilibrium. The vestibular system includes the saccule, utricle, and the three semicircular canals. The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct than contains these organs of balance.
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It is a bush reaching 1.8-2.4 meters in height. Its young branches are hairless and dark colored. Its petioles are 5.1 millimeter long. Its slender, membranous, oblong to lance-shaped leaves are 11.4-17.8 by 2.5-4.4 centimeters with short tapering tips and pointed bases. Its leaves have 8-11 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs.
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Cyathodes straminea is a shrub with leaves arranged in pseudowhorls. Leaves are obovate-elliptic 7–16 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, often with a membranous margin, and a soft, blunt point. The upper surface is glabrous, but the lower surface is covered in white wax (glaucous) with prominent parallel veins (Fig.1). Petiole 1.6-2.4 mm long.
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The stem has 2 stem leaves, from the midpoint, upwards, and a long green, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). The spathes are different to Iris pseudopumila, which has membranous and curled spathes. The stem holds 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming early summer, between May or August. The flowers come in shades of purple.
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The sheath is pubescent to pilose lower on the plant but glabrous higher up. It has membranous truncate, irregularly denticulate ligules that are big. Leaf blades are long and wide; they are ascending, firm, glaucous, sparsely pilose near the base, often scabrous on the margins, and involute towards the tips. The panicles are long and wide.
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The adult Dolania americana has a pale brownish- purple body and membranous wings that are in length. The legs of both male and females are vestigial, thin and twisted, but appear to retain some function. The cerci are longer and more robust than the terminal filaments. The penis of the male is twice as long as the genital forceps.
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Starting with infected mites which the host lizard ingests the veriform sporozoites are released from the sporocysts. These newly liberated sporozoites bore into the intestinal wall and enter the lymphatic vessels and the blood stream. On reaching the viscera and in particular the liver the sporozoites penetrate the endothelial cells. There they form ovoid schizonts within a membranous capsule.
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In fruit, perianth segments become sometimes coloured, but mostly keep unchanged, somewhat closing over or spreading from the fruit. Pericarp membranous or sometimes succulent, adherent to or loosely covering the seed. The horizontally oriented seeds are depressed-globular to lenticular, with rounded to subacute margin. The black seed coat is almost smooth to finely striate, rugulose or pitted.
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The only specimen of P. nutans was described as follows: tall with an erect, glabrous stem. It has 5 membranous, nerved sheaths, also glabrous. No leaves were included with the specimen, probably due to the general absence of leaves during flowering, similar to other Pachystoma and Eulophia species. The raceme is long with 2 nodding flowers.
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Each axillary unbranched inflorescence is long and clustered in heads. It has a free, silvery to rusty coloured perianth and a conical pollen presenter. The thick woody beaked fruit that form after flowering are an ellipsoidal shape in length and across. The fruits contain two obovoid shaped black seeds that are in length with a membranous yellow wing.
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An individual R. nobile is a conical tower of delicate, straw-coloured, shining, translucent, regularly overlapping bracts; the higher ones have pink edges. Large, glossy, green radicle leaves, with red petioles and nerves, form a broad base to the plant. Turning up the bracts reveals membranous, fragile, pink stipules. Within these are short branched panicles of diminutive green flowers.
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The membranous portion of the forewings in the eastern subspecies Lygaeus kalmii angustomarginatus has a narrow white margin, while that of the western L. k. kalmii has white spots and a broader margin. The small milkweed bug is commonly confused with other black and red or orange insects, including Oncopeltus fasciatus, Lygaeus turcicus, and Lygaeus reclivatus.
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The Pierin are a rare multi-limbed species which developed on a planet with lower gravity than Earth, thus Pierin spend much time in the air. They have horns on their heads and wide membranous wings. They speak in raspy screeches and atonal clicks. Pierin are described as curious and friendly to the point of being nosy.
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The fertile fronds are longer than the sterile fronds, and generally grow in the centre of the fern. Sori are continuous along the underside of each mid-vein and cover the majority of the underside of the frond. The pinnae are linear, long and coarse, with long membranous indusia which can be difficult to see in mature fronds.
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Pfadt, 1994. pp. 1–8 The thorax and abdomen are segmented and have a rigid cuticle made up of overlapping plates composed of chitin. The three fused thoracic segments bear three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. The forewings, known as tegmina, are narrow and leathery while the hindwings are large and membranous, the veins providing strength.
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Dendritic filopodia are small, membranous protrusions found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. These structures may receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines. Dendritic filopodia are generally less-well studied than dendritic spines because their transient nature makes them difficult to detect with traditional microscopy techniques. Sample preparation can also destroy dendritic filopodia.
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The hypopharynx is a somewhat globular structure, located medially to the mandibles and the maxillae. In many species it is membranous and associated with salivary glands. It assists in swallowing the food. The hypopharynx divides the oral cavity into two parts: the cibarium or dorsal food pouch and ventral salivarium into which the salivary duct opens.
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The rhizome has the remains of last seasons leaves. It has long, thin and flat leaves, that are long and 1.5-10mm wide.Thomas Gaskell Tutin (Editor) It has an erect, simple, unbranched and green stem, that grows up to between tall. The stems have 1–2 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are green, lanceolate and (scarious) membranous.
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It is divided in front, but not produced into propodial tentacles. The cerata are numerous, elongated, with a membranous fringe on the inner sides. Cerata may seem to be without apparent order but they are set in oblique rows containing from four to six cerata. There are also small cerata near the margins of the body.
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Lilium sherriffiae is a perennial species of lily. Its herbs are very bulbous and has coverings of numerous fleshy scales, each of which are enclosed by a membranous tunic. The bulbs grow up to 2 centimeters in length and with its scales growing up to 0.7 centimeters in width. Its color commonly comes out to yellowish-white.
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The stems are smaller than Iris confusa stems. It has between 4 and 5 branches.British Iris Society (1997) The stems have 4–6 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which have membranous margins. The stems (and branches) hold between 3 and 5 flowers, in Spring, between April to May (in the UK), or between March and April (in Europe).
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Nogodinidae is a family of planthoppers. They have membranous wings with delicate venation and can be confused with members of other Fulgoroid families such as the Issidae and Tropiduchidae. Some authors treat it as a subfamily of the Issidae. Some of their key features are a frons ("face") that is longer than wide and a reticulate wing venation.
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The vertically or horizontally orientated seed has a brown to yellowish-brown, thin membranous seed coat. The annular embryo surrounds the copious farinaceous perisperm. The flowering time is March to June. The chromosome numbers are 2n = 18 (for the diploid Grayia arizonica and Grayia brandegeei) and 2n = 36 (for the tetraploid Grayia spinosa and Grayia plummeri).
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It is a bush reaching 2.4 - 3 meters in height. Its membranous, oblong leaves are 14-27 by 4-8 centimeters, and come to an abrupt point at their tip. The leaves are hairless on their upper surface and lightly hairy on their underside. The leaves have minute translucent speckles and their margins are slightly wavy.
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Dentipratulum is a genus of fungi in the family Hericiaceae. It was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1962. Species in the genus have membranous fruit bodies that are either completely resupinate or effuso-reflexed (stretched out flat on the substrate but turned up at the edges). The hymenium (spore-bearing surface) bears "teeth".
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The hypothallus is produced by the plasmodium at the beginning of fructification. Depending on the species, it can be membranous to thick or tender to solid and nearly transparent to brightly coloured. It may surround an individual fruit body, or may form a contiguous connection between multiple fruit bodies. In some rare cases it is missing entirely.
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Cymes of (two to) three flowers are sitting in the axils of shield-like, opposite bracts. The mostly bisexual flowers are somewhat immersed in the inflorescence axis. The perianth consists of three subequal, membranous tepals that are loosely connate at base. There is one stamen exserting the flower and an ovoid ovary with a thick style and two stigmas.
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Lagynana is a subclass of foraminifera which comprises Astrorhizata with membranous or pseudochitinous tests that may have ferruginous encrustations or more rarely small quantities of agglutinated material. The Lagynacea Schultze, 1854, of the Allogriomiina, (Loeblich and Tappan 1964) is fairly equivalent. Genera with flagellate gametes are included in the Lagynidae, those with amoeboid gametes are included in the Allogromiidae.
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The stipe is centrally attached to the cap, more or less cylindrical, white and with a smooth or slightly pruinose surface and it has white membranous volva at the base. The odor and taste are often reported as raphanoid (radish-like) or similar to that of raw potatoes in V. gloiocephalus. The spore print is pink or pinkish-brown.
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The main body mass is enclosed in the mantle, which has a swimming fin along each side. These fins are not the main source of locomotion in most species. The mantle wall is heavily muscled and internal. The visceral mass, which is covered by a thin, membranous epidermis, forms a cone-shaped posterior region known as the "visceral hump".
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They are active only at sundown (vespertine) or more typically at pre-dawn (matinal). They often utilize a pollen-extraction behavior known as buzz pollination. Like most colletids, these bees have liquid larval provisions sealed inside a membranous, cellophane-like cell lining, and it is believed that yeasts in the liquid may act as the primary protein source.
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Terminal buds conic, 1--2 mm, apex obtuse. Leaves opposite (rarely in whorls of 3), 1--3(--5) mm, connate to 1/2 --7/8 their length; bases thickened, brown, shredding with age, ± persistent; apex obtuse. Pollen cones 2 (rarely 1 or whorled) at node, obovoid, 4--7 mm, sessile or rarely on short peduncles; bracts opposite, 6--10 pairs, yellow to red-brown, obovate, 3--4 × 2--3 mm, membranous; bracteoles slightly exceeding bracts; sporangiophores 4--5 mm, 1/2 exserted, with 4--6 sessile to short- stalked (less than 1 mm) microsporangia. Seed cones usually 2 at node, ovoid, 6--10 mm, sessile or on short, scaly peduncles; bracts opposite, 5--7 pairs, circular, 4--7 × 2--4 mm, membranous, with red-brown thickened center and base, margins entire.
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The stem has a green, lanceolate, membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are variable is size, between 3mm, to 5 cm long. The stems hold a solitary, terminal (top of stem) flower, blooming in late spring, between March and May.Peter Nasmyth In the UK, it blooms later between May and June. The flowers can last between 120–145 days before fading.
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These are long, and have a membranous tip.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The upper cauline (on stem) leaves are shorter than internodes. The stems (and branches) hold 1–4 terminal (top of stem) flowers,Donald Wyman in summer, between May and July. They flower after Iris germanica and are similar in form to Iris x hollandica.
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The leaves are generally either equal to the flowering stem or longer than it.British Iris Society (1997) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) It has a sightly compressed, stem (or peduncle), that grows up to between long. It has small, green, leathery ovate or lanceolate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They have a white membranous edging.
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They are (scarious) membranous, in the top third of the leaf and along the edges. The stems hold 2 or 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between March and April. The flowers come in shades of lilac or purple, with a darker mottling. It has a deep purple, trigonal, long perianth tube, and a 1.2–2 cm long pedicel.
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Each leaf has a large stipule which forms a wide, membranous ochrea. The ochrea is up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inches) long and is persistent, fraying into fibrous, silvery shreds that remain on the plant through the seasons. Flowers occur in the leaf axils. Each is up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide with five narrow white or pinkish corolla lobes.
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Felt scales are a diverse group of scale insects. They produce a white, yellowish or gray membranous capsule or ovisac that encloses the pyramid-shaped body of the adult female. The body itself varies in colour and may be pink, red or purple, green or brown. The posterior end of the sac has a small opening that allows newly hatched nymphs to emerge.
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The ring is membranous, white to buff, first hanging freely then later adhering to the stem. The flesh of the cap is white, occasionally pale isabelline under the center of the cap; the flesh of the stem is white. The spore print is white. The spores are typically 9–12 by 8–10.5 μm, spherical to ellipsoid, and thin-walled.
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Species of Knorringia are perennial herbaceous plants growing to about tall from a slender, often branched rhizome. The stem may be more-or-less upright or decumbent. The leaves are arranged alternately, usually lobed, carried on a short five-sided leaf stalk (petiole) with two distinct wings. The ochreas are long, and form membranous tubes that partly or fully wrap around the stem.
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When the lateral body wall folds, it moves ventrally and fuses at the midline. The body cavity closes, except in the region of the connecting stalk. Here, the gut tube maintains an attachment to the yolk sac. The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to the embryo, which provides nutrients and functions as the circulatory system of the very early embryo.
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The stipe is usually between , and thick. With a stipe which is nearly smooth and a pale white-tinged flesh colour, L. cristata also has a transient ring, which is membranous and deciduous. The flesh is thin and white. The dorsal spur on the spores of Lepiota cristata gives them a triangular or wedge shape; they measure 7–8.5 by 3–4 µm.
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The individual flowers are subtended by bracteoles that fall off early in development. The pedicels supporting single flowers, and later the fruits, are erect initially but curve when in fruit. They measure about . The 3 concave, membranous sepals are inconspicuous, but persist after the fruit develops; the lateral pair are fused basally, measure only long by wide, and are elliptic and glabrous.
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Leaves alternating up to the middle of the stem, with 3-4 petiole, rounded-ovate blades measuring 2 1/2 cm long and 18 mm wide. Obtuse at the apex, acute at the base and round at the petiole. Smooth on both sides of the membranous 5 parallel nerves, reddish-purple underneath. Sheaths with petioles measuring 1 cm long, folded and slightly pubescent.
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Both spikelets and lower glumes are long. The upper glume is emarginated, lanceolated, membranous, is long and 1.2 length of the top fertile lemma. Lemma is elliptic and have hairs which are in length, while it margins are pilose. The bottom of the upper glume is scabrous while the lower glume bottom is either asperulous or smooth with a rough top.
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In some forams, the tests may be composed of organic material, typically the protein tectin. Tectin walls may have sediment particles loosely adhered onto the surface. The foram Reticulomyxa entirely lacks a test, having only a membranous cell wall. Organic-walled forams have traditionally been grouped as the "allogromiids"; however, genetic studies have found that this does not make up a natural group.
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The family Diplosentidae was established by Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1937 based on Diplosentis amphacanthi. The family now contains six genera divided into two subfamilies. The family is characterised by the absence of trunk spines, presence of just two cement glands, heavily coiled lemnisci said to be enclosed in a membranous sac and similar hooks on the proboscis.Pichelin, S. & Cribb, T. (2001).
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The two met at Central Park in New York City to discuss their results. In 1955, now confident that the membranous particles were cell organelles, de Duve gave a hypothetical name "lysosomes" to reflect their digestive properties. That same year, after visiting de Duve's laboratory, using his own histochemical protocol Novikoff successfully produced the first real images (electron micrographs) of the new organelle.
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The occipital angle is rounded and corresponds with the point of meeting of the sagittal and the lambdoid suture—a point which is termed the lambda (after the Greek letter of the same name whose lowercase form resembles the junction formed by the sutures); in the fetus this part of the skull is membranous, and is called the posterior fontanelle.
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There are two types, rough ER (containing ribosomes) and smooth ER (lacking ribosomes). The Golgi apparatus consists of multiple membranous sacs, responsible for manufacturing and shipping out materials such as proteins. Lysosomes are structures that use enzymes to break down substances through phagocytosis, a process that comprises endocytosis and exocytosis. In the mitochondria, metabolic processes such as cellular respiration occur.
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It is a tree reaching 5 to 7 meters in height. Its branches have numerous red-brown lenticels. Its oblong, membranous leaves are 6.5-8 by 1.8-2.2 centimeters and smooth on both surfaces. Its leaves taper to a distinctive tip which at its apex is rounded. The leaves have 10-12 pairs of secondary veins emanating from its midrib.
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Lemma itself have a dentate apex with the main lemma having awns which are over the lemma and are sized . The species also have glumes which are lanceolate, membranous, and have acuminate apexes with the upper glume being of the same size as a spikelet. Rhachilla is long and pilose. Flowers have two lodicules and two stigmas along with and three stamens.
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It is also have an acute apex with the fertile lemma itself being chartaceous, elliptic, keelless, and is long. The species also carry 2–3 sterile florets which are barren, cuneate, clumped and are long. Both the upper and lower glumes are oblong, keelless, and are membranous. Their size is different though; lower one is long while the upper one is long.
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Haloxylon salicornicum is an almost leafless, much-branched shrub, growing up to in height. The stems are pale and the plant lacks large foliage-type leaves, having instead minute triangular cup-shaped scales with membranous margins and woolly interiors. The flowers are in short spikes up to long. This plant is found in sandhills, sand ridges and other arid habitats.
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The inflorescences consist of loose dichasia in the axils of leaf-like bracts, sometimes of more condensed glomerules of flowers arranged spicately. The flowers are bisexual or pistillate, with (4-) 5 nearly free perianth segments, 1-3 (-5) stamens and an ovary with 2 stigmas. In fruit, perianth segments remain unchanged. The fruit has a membranous pericarp, which is free from the seed.
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The inflorescence atop the stem is an array of individual flowers and there is a long bract at the base which may be up to 8 centimeters in length. Each flower has long, pointed tepals with dark and light longitudinal stripes and membranous, translucent borders. There are six stamens. The fruit is a light to dark brown oval-shaped or rounded capsule.
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Spikelets are lanceolate, ovate, solitary, long, and have pedicelled fertile spikelets that carry 2–6 fertile florets which have a diminished apex. It also has a hairy callus and scaberulous palea keels. The glumes are lanceolate, membranous, and keelless, have acute apexes, with the only difference being in size. The upper one is long while the other one is ovate and is long.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are elliptic, keelless, membranous and have acute apexes. Their size and veines are different though; Lower glume is long with the leaf veins being 3–5 while the upper one is long and is 5–9 veined. The species' lemma have scabrous surface and emarginated apex. Its fertile lemma is coriaceous and is long.
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S. candida is a hyaline mold with septate hyphae. The white and membranous morphology of S. candida colonies differentiates it from the more common species S. brevicaulis, which is characterized by a sand-coloured and granular colonial morphology. As the colony ages, it becomes slightly yellow. Conidiophores are specialized hyphal stalks that have conidiogenous cells which produce conidia for asexual reproduction.
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The pedicels are ciliate, curved, filiform, and hairy. Besides the pedicels, the spikelets have 2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex and have pubescent callus as well. The sterile florets are also present and are long, barren, elliptic, and clumped. Both the upper and lower glumes are hairy on the bottom, keelless, membranous, ovate and have puberulous surfaces.
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In dental anatomy, the lamina limitans is the innermost surface of the dentinal tubule (that exist in dentin) that lies in intimate contact with the long process of the odontoblast. It is hypocalcified and appears electron- dense in electron microscopy. It is composed of a fibrous outer layer and a membranous inner layer. It was previously known as the sheath of Neumann.
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The glandular inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each between one and two centimeters in total length. The base of the flower is a puffy saclike calyx of sepals which is ribbed, thin and membranous between the ribs and purple to purple spotted in color. The face of the flower is a lavender to purple corolla. The fruit is a valved, oval capsule.
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In modern biology in general, tunica occurs as a technical or anatomical term mainly in botany and zoology. It usually refers to membranous structures that line or cover particular organs. In many such contexts tunica is used interchangeably with tunic according to preference. An organ or organism that has a tunic(a) may be said to be tunicate, as in a tunicate bulb.
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In all species, the digitus mobilis of the chelicera is reduced to small rests, and the distal pedipalp article is connected to a more or less complex membranous structure. These mouthpart modifications form an organ to feed bacteria. Habitats are colonized by the mites such as animal dung, compost, waterfilled treeholes or the fluids of Nepenthes and Sarracenia - pitcher plants.
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Gastroschisis is a similar birth defect, but in gastroschisis the umbilical cord is not involved and the intestinal protrusion is usually to the right of the midline. Parts of organs may be free in the amniotic fluid and not enclosed in a membranous (peritoneal) sac. Gastroschisis is less frequently associated with other defects than omphalocele. Omphaloceles occurs more frequently with increased maternal age.
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It has a slender grey-green, stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has elliptic or ovate, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are green with a purple, but can be stramineous (straw-like) when dry. It has slender branches (or pedicels), that appear from the midpoint upwards to the terminal end.
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When seed is first separated from cones it is mixed with foreign matter, often 2 to 5 times the volume of the seed. The more or less firmly attached membranous wings on the seed must be detached before it is cleaned of foreign matter. The testa must not incur damage during the dewinging process. Two methods have been used, dry and wet.
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When the lateral body wall folds, it moves ventrally and fuses at the midline. The body cavity closes, except in the region of the connecting stalk. Here, the gut tube maintains an attachment to the yolk sac. The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to the embryo, which provides nutrients and functions as the circulatory system of the very early embryo.
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It is a bush reaching 3 to 4 meters in height. Its smooth, striated, gray branches have sparse fine hairs when young. Its membranous, broad, lance-shaped leaves are 8-22 by 3-6.5 centimeters and come to a tapering point at their tip. Both surfaces of the leaves are smooth, the upper surfaces are shiny, and the lower surface is more pallid.
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The utricle and saccule are the two otolith organs in the vertebrate inner ear. They are part of the balancing system (membranous labyrinth) in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (small oval chamber).Moores, Keith L. "Essential Clinical Anatomy" Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Second Edition (2002). They use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation.
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Uncobasidium forms a crust-like fruit body, which is spread out on the surface of the substrate. Its texture is softly membranous or byssoid (as if made of fibers). The hyphal system is monomitic, meaning it contains only generative hyphae. Individual hyphae are distinct when viewed with microscopy, and they range from thin to becoming thick walled, with clamp connections.
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They also smell strongly of elder (Sambucus ebulus). It has a round stem, or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. The stem is normally taller than the leaves,Lady Charlotte Murray and they are usually branched. The stem has large, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are green at the base but (scarious) or membranous on the top half.
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They are elliptical to egg-shaped, light brownish achenes with a length of about and a diameter of . There may be about 100–500 seeds per fruit. The seed coat consists of a thin, waxy, parchment- like and easily removable testa (husk) and a brownish, membranous tegmen. The cotyledons are usually unequal in size, and the endosperm is minimally present.
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The pedicels emerge from warty tubercles on the main trunk. Its leathery to membranous, triangular to oval sepals are 1.9-3.1 by 1.5-2.6 centimeters with fused bases and short blunt- pointed tips. The sepals are hairless except their tips which have minute red hairs. The outside of the sepals are shiny while the insides are dull and covered in minute dots.
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Agaricus in the southeastern United States. Mycotaxon 8(1): 50–118. At 8–15 cm long and 2–3.5 cm thick, the stipe is slightly enlarged at the base; the surface is white, and smooth above and below the ring. The veil of the stipe is membranous, thick, white, and forms a persistent ring with a smooth upper and lower surface.
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Dendritic spines are small with spine head volumes ranging 0.01 μm3 to 0.8 μm3. Spines with strong synaptic contacts typically have a large spine head, which connects to the dendrite via a membranous neck. The most notable classes of spine shape are "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched". Electron microscopy studies have shown that there is a continuum of shapes between these categories.
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It forms large pointed pods filled with papery seeds, and is easy to germinate, having two-lobed dicotyledons. A capsule fruit is formed that is 4 to 6 centimeters long and has a diameter of about 1 to 2 centimeters. The flat seeds are almost completely surrounded by a membranous wing and have a diameter of 10 to 15 millimeters.
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They are covered in a soft pubescence. The leaf sheaths are tubular with the lower portion having a soft pubescence replaced by shorter hairs in the upper portion. The ligules measure 1 to 2 mm and are membranous and toothed. The inflorescence is a dense, oblong panicle that measures 2 to 9 cm in length and up to 20 mm thick.
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The white or cream-white inflorescences appear along the stems from August to October, and are composed of two to six individual small flowers. Flowering is followed by the development of oval- shaped woody seed pods. Warty and brown, they are long and wide. Each contains two dark grey or dark brown seeds which are long and bear a membranous "wing".
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Kelly Norris It has 2–3 (rarely 4,) slender (slightly weak,) branches (or pedicels), near top of the plant. The stem and branches have 2 (scarious) membranous spathes, (leaves of the flower bud). They are normally up to long, navicular (boat shaped), broad and rounded. The outer bracts are brown and paper-like,Stuart Max Walters (Editor) or completely scarious.
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Species of stinkhorns have gasteroid, or internally produced spores. Fruit bodies originate as a gelatinous, spherical, or egg- shaped structure that may be completely or partially buried underground. The peridium, the outer layer of the egg, is white, or purple/red, with two or three layers. The outer layer is thin, membranous, and elastic, while the inner layer is thicker, gelatinous, and continuous.
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The primary use of FLIP is to determine the continuity of membranous organelles. This continuity or lack thereof is determined by observing the amount of fluorescence in the region of interest. If there is a complete loss of fluorescence, this indicates that the organelles are continuous. However, if there is incomplete loss of fluorescence, then there is not continuity between the organelles.
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The plant stems are long and are erect. Leaves grow in 2-4 pairs and are long and membranous with by long obovate and spatulate leaflets. The plant flowers in spring when the Inflorescence carries 4-12 flowers that have a long peduncle which have ascending bracteoles and are often deciduous. Pedicels are long with long calyx that is glabrous.
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It has erect, linear, leaves that are long and 0.3–0.6 cm wide. They disappear after the blooming period, and begin to re-grow the next season in January. It has an erect stem, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has acuminate (pointed), membranous, spathes or bracts, (leaves of the flower bud), which are long, with pale margins.
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The larvae, or glochidia, of Unionidae are known to use the gills, fins, or skin of a host fish for nutrients during their development. Ptychobranchus fasciolaris enclose their glochidia in a membranous capsule called a conglutinate that resembles an insect larva or small fish. When a host fish bites the capsule bait, the Ptychobranchus fasciolaris glochidia attach to its gills, where they feed.
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The cylindrical, hollow stipe measures long by thick. Its color is pale orange to grayish orange and it has a fibrillose surface texture. On the upper half of the stipe is a membranous ring that is colored whitish on the upper surface with small brown scales on the lower surface. The flesh has an odour similar to that of L. cristata.
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During the fourth week of human development the neuropore in a normally developing fetus closes. When this process is either interrupted or never initiated, acrania occurs. The desmocranium becomes a membranous coverage instead of forming the epidermis of the scalp. Whether from being blocked by amniotic bands or by just not initiating, the migration of mesenchyme under the ectoderm does not occur.
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The N. tomentosus has a special hard shell like outer wings that protects and covers the delicate membranous hind wings that only emerge during flight. The thorax also houses the dorsal brain and ventral nervous system. The abdomen is the last body region or the posterior area on the N. tomentosus. It houses the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and reproductive systems.
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The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera can be grouped together with the Megaloptera and Raphidioptera in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia) including: alderflies, fishflies, dobsonflies, and snakeflies. Adult Neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins.
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The wings are attached to the second and third thoracic segments. The tegmina, or first pair of wings, are tough and protective, lying as a shield on top of the membranous hind wings, which are used in flight. All four wings have branching longitudinal veins, and multiple cross-veins. The three pairs of legs are sturdy, with large coxae and five claws each.
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The wings are brown and clear in the sections that are mainly membranous. The metasoma like the mesosoma is a darkened and reddish brown. Male Z. percontatoria wasps are similar to females except that they are smaller and darker in color. The flagellum for the males contain 18 segments and they have an average fore wing length of 2.9 mm.
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Hymenophyllum flabellatum (Hymen-O-FIL-lum Flab-bel-Lah-tum), the shiny filmy- fern, is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. This delicate fern is commonly epiphytic and is between 5 and 25 cm in length. It is distinct, with its thin, one-celled thick, membranous leaves. It is from the family Hymenophyllaceae and is dispersed world wide.
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Plants in the genus Murraya are shrubs or trees with pinnate arranged alternately, usually glandular, aromatic, and leathery to membranous in texture. The leaflets vary in shape and have smooth or toothed edges.Murraya. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium. The inflorescence is a panicle, cyme, or small raceme of flowers growing at the ends of branches or in the leaf axils; some flowers are solitary.
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As a gram negative bacteria, the thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by three layers on either side can be observed with an electron microscope. Moreover, the majority of the bacteria within an established colony have a membranous layer that exists between cells. Many fine, Electron-dense granules can typically be observed in the bacteria. L. mirabilis is normally isolated from human dental plaque.
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Jan. 124(1):68-71. [Medline]. This modified procedure involves a judicious excision of 3.5–4 mm C-shaped wedge in posterior vocal cord from the open edge of the membranous cord using carbon dioxide laser. Excision is made anteriorly to the vocal process, continuing 4 mm laterally on to the ventricular band without exposing the cartilage.
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It is similar in height to Iris scariosa, and exceeds the height of the leaves. The stem has (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are long with long keels. The stems hold 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between mid to late spring, between April and May.Moskovskoe Obščestvo Ispytatelej Prirody It flowers for an average of 12 days.
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ATP synthase is sometimes described as Complex V of the electron transport chain. The FO component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel that provides for a proton flux back into the mitochondrial matrix. It is composed of a, b and c subunits. Protons in the inter-membranous space of mitochondria first enters the ATP synthase complex through a subunit channel.
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The rectoprostatic fascia (Denonvilliers' fascia) is a membranous partition at the lowest part of the rectovesical pouch. It separates the prostate and urinary bladder from the rectum. It consists of a single fibromuscular structure with several layers that are fused together and covering the seminal vesicles. It is also called Denonvilliers' fascia after French anatomist and surgeon Charles-Pierre Denonvilliers.
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Ziziphus parryi is a bushy shrub with many intricate branches forming a thorny tangle which may approach in height. The leaves are deciduous and are absent for much of the year, leaving the shrub a naked thicket of brown or grayish twigs. The ends of the twigs taper into sharp-tipped thorns. The membranous olive green leaves are up to 2.5 centimeters long.
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Treatment aims to prevent respiratory failure and to ensure adequate blood oxygenation. Supplemental oxygen can be given and it may be warmed and humidified. When the contusion does not respond to other treatments, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation may be used, pumping blood from the body into a machine that oxygenates it and removes carbon dioxide prior to pumping it back in.
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The body is long and slender and the two pairs of long, membranous wings are prominently veined. Females have a large and sturdy ovipositor which is used to deposit eggs in some concealed location. They are holometabolous insects with a four- stage life cycle consisting of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. In most species, the larvae develop under the bark of trees.
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The bulbous stipe base is covered with a membranous sac-like volva. The white gills are free from attachment to the stalk and crowded closely together. As the species name suggests, A. bisporigera typically bears two spores on the basidia, although this characteristic is not as immutable as was once thought. Amanita bisporigera was described as a new species in 1906.
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Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera. With about 2,000 species in 12 families, they are one of the smaller insect orders. Earwigs have characteristic cerci, a pair of forceps-like pincers on their abdomen, and membranous wings folded underneath short, rarely used forewings, hence the scientific order name, "skin wings." Some groups are tiny parasites on mammals and lack the typical pincers.
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They begin to grow in late November and fade after summer, when the plant becomes dormant. It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has 3 acute, carinate (ridged or keeled), lanceolate, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). It also has long pedicels and a perianth tube which is longer than the ovary.
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The thalli are usually erect but sometimes prostrate, growing to a length of about . They are attached to the substrate by a rhizoidal holdfast and often form bushy clumps. The blades are membranous and either wedge shaped or divided into linear segments. The sporangia are densely scattered over the surface of the blade or occur in irregularly-shaped sori, forming four spores.
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The juice vesicles, aka citrus kernels, (in aggregate, pulp) of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit's endocarp. All fruits from the Citranae subtribe, subfamily Aurantioideae, and family Rutaceae have juice vesicles. The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit and appear shiny and baglike. Vesicles come in two shapes: the superior and inferior, and these are distinct.
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They are glaucous, and linear, with a rounded apex. In mild areas, it is semi-evergreen, but generally they are deciduous. It has a slender short stem, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has 2 to 3 green, lanceolate, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They can be between long and between 1 and 1.8 cm wide.
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Adults are about in length and have nine segments in their antennae, while nymphs have eight. Adults have winged forms with eyes, and females occur in blind, wingless forms. The wings, when present, are membranous and paddle-shaped, the fore wings being larger than the hind wings. The hind legs have distinctive stiff spines on the underside of the femurs.
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The stamens often have a diadelphous morphology, meaning that they are united in two sets with a distinct filament shape in each set. The inferior set forms a membranous sheath at its base, that envelops the single, superior pistil in a tube. The tube divides into nine filaments, which trace the base of the keel petals that enclose them. The single free filament lies above them.
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This contact must have been tight and strongly sutured, although this has not been preserved. Inside the bones there are many irregular cavities, which could have been part of the membranous inner ear labyrinth. The paraoccipital process is unusually long for an ichthyosaur, around 25 mm, but the entire opisthotic is only 38 mm long. It is also compressed anteroposteriorly, giving it a flattened shape.
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It has a very short flowering stem or scape, long. Although, sometimes the stems do not emerge above ground. It has 2 to 4, pointed (acuminate), membranous, green, between long and 8–10 mm wide, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). The stems hold normally 1–3, terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in spring, between April and May, or late as early June (in Russia).
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Males develop prickly contact organs on top and sides of head and on side of body between dorsal and anal fin bases (Foster 1967; Collette 1977). Female with membranous sheath surrounding genital opening (Sublette et al. 1990). Internal morphology: Teeth conical and simple (Hubbs et al. 1991). Premaxillary and mandibular teeth uniserial or irregular, occasionally with a few strong inner teeth (Sublette et al. 1990).
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The leaves are distributed on the branches or as a group at the branch tips. The hairless petioles have a length of 5 to 12 mm. The firmly membranous to almost leathery leaf blade is 6.5 to 16 cm long and 2 to 6.5 cm wide, elongated to elongate- lanceolate, rarely elliptic-oblong to ovate-elongated. The tip is pointed to short pointed, rarely blunted to notched.
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The upper extremity forms the commencement of an emargination. All the external surface of this shell is covered by a membranous, reddish, thin periosteum, so transparent, that the colors are seen through it.Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.
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Carex fracta is a species of sedge known by the common name fragile sheath sedge. It is native to the western United States from Washington to California, where it grows in moist to dry areas in mountain forests and meadows. This sedge produces dense clumps of stems sometimes exceeding a meter tall. The leaves are attached to the stem with a characteristic thin, membranous sheath.
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Under a tough membranous shell called the tunica albuginea, the testis of amniotes, as well as some teleost fish, contains very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules. Amphibians and most fish do not possess seminiferous tubules. Instead, the sperm are produced in spherical structures called sperm ampullae. These are seasonal structures, releasing their contents during the breeding season, and then being reabsorbed by the body.
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The opening to the gills has been reduced to a pore in the membrane above the opercle and the gill membranes are fused to the body and the isthmus. They can grow to total lengths of in males and in females, although they are more commonly around and respectively. The juveniles of less than 70 mm in length have membranous pectoral fins which disappear as they mature.
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The evergreen subshrubs are generally cushion to mat-forming, with densely tufted shoots bearing mostly awl (long, pointed spike) to needle or grass-like, prickle to spine-tipped hard-textured leaves. They have shortish, simple or branched flower stems which can be loose or dense. The summer-borne flowers are composed of a funnel-shaped calyx, usually with a flared membranous margin, and five spreading petals.
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Jäger, P. & Kunz, D. (2005). An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenberg. biol. 85:163-213. This genus is distinguished by the abdomen narrowing behind and ending in terminal spinnerets which are borne on a tubular stalk separated at the base by a membranous ring. They are often brownish-red, the abdomen is either of uniform color or shows paired spots.
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The flowers of most Hakeas resemble those of their close relative, Grevilleas with axillary clusters or racemes. One of the main distinguishing features between Hakeas and Grevilleas is that Hakeas have woody fruits. The fruits open into two valves to reveal two seeds with a membranous wing. The seeds fit into cavities in the woody case and many make very attractive designs when the seed is released.
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Typical membranous conjunctivitis Bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella spp. can cause a nonexudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. Bacterial conjunctivitis may cause the production of membranes or pseudomembranes that cover the conjunctiva. Pseudomembranes consist of a combination of inflammatory cells and exudates and adhere loosely to the conjunctiva, while true membranes are more tightly adherent and cannot be easily peeled away.
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Some species have sheaths that persist over years and typically have deciduous blades, and some species have sheaths that quickly shred into fibers and decay in senescence and typically have blades that are not deciduous. Species lack auricles. The membranous ligules measure and are typically longest at the margins. The ligules are typically truncate and ciliate, though they can occasionally be acute or erose.
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Styliform and ventrally directed abdominal gills are developed on abdominal segments 1-7. These gills are composed of a broader, more strongly sclerotized basal part and a slender and rather membranous distal part. The gills articulate dorsally within the abdominal tergites that are distinctly separated from the ventral sternites. The caudal filaments are formed by the two lateral cerci and the slightly longer medial terminal filament.
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The silver birch aphid is a light green colour with a bluish tinge. The blueness is due to the dusting of blue wax particles which are particularly obvious on the antennae and legs. All adults have membranous wings and during the spring and summer, all individuals are female. The mouthparts are specialised to form a slender stylet for piercing and sucking sap from their host tree.
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Polygonum bidwelliae is an annual herb producing an erect green, wiry, angled stem reaching 20 centimeters (8 inches) in height. The narrow, pointed leaves are oppositely arranged along the stem, mainly on the upper parts of stem branches. The leaves have relatively large stipules which form ochrea that sheath the stem, sometimes hiding the leaf bases. The sharp-pointed stipules are membranous and silvery white.
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The head, round and small, has two robustly toothed antennae, the pronotum is furnished with two lateral ridges, and the elytra, covered by strong puncture, are bitoothed at the apex. The posterior wings are membranous and unusually pigmented in respect of all other groups of cerambycids. Larvae, typically xylophagous, bore under the bark of coigue (Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagaceae), the vicariant of beeches in the Southern Hemisphere.
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T. vagina has an elongated body about in length. The anal, caudal, and two dorsal fins are fused together with membranous structures, forming a continuous margin around the posterior of the body. The pelvic fins are also completely fused together to form a cup-shaped suction disk. The pectoral fins have fifteen to twenty rays, with the upper rays longer than the lower rays.
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Trypauchen pelaeos is a species of eel goby found in Indochina and southern China. It is reddish in color and has an elongated body with the anal, caudal, and the two dorsal fins fused together with membranous structures. It is similar in appearance and habits to the closely related burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina. T. pelaeos was first described by Edward O. Murdy in 2006.
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It is hemi-spherical when young but flattens out with age and develops a slight umbo. Near the rim there are fine radiating striations and the surface of the cap may have a few pieces of the membranous volva adhering to it. The gills are pale cream, broad, fairly crowded and mostly unconnected to the stem. There are a few irregularly arranged shorter gills with truncated ends.
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The Latin specific epithet scariosa refers to shrivelled, or thin dry organs. This refers to the membranous bracts or spathes, under the flowers. It was originally described from specimens collected from near to the Caspian Sea. It was first described by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link and then published by Karl Ludwig Willdenow (using Link's description of the plant), in 'Jahrbücher der Gewächskunde' (of Berlin and Leipzig, Jahrb.
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The leathery, hairless leaves grow at the tips of the twigs and have short stalks. They are up to long, obovate, with entire margins, cuneate bases and notched or obtuse apexes. The small flowers have parts in fives and grow in the axils of the leaves, either singly or in small groups. The petals are creamy-white and hairy on the outside with membranous edges.
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The muscular part of the interventricular septum derives from the bulboventricular flange which is developed due to differential growth of primitive ventricle and bulbous cordis. Membranous part has a neural crest origin which connects the upper free margin of the bulboventricular flange and anterior and posterior endocardial cushions of atrio ventricular canal. It also gets attached to lower border of spiral septum or the aortico pulmonary septum.
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Fern fronds often bear sporangia, where the plant's spores are formed, usually on the underside (abaxial surface) of the pinnae, but sometimes marginally or scattered over the frond. The sporangia are typically clustered into a sorus (pl., sori). Associated with each sorus in many species is a membranous protective structure called an indusium, which is an outgrowth of the blade surface that may partly cover the sporangia.
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It is tree reaching 4-6 meters in height. Its membranous, oval to oblong leaves are 12.5-18 by 7-10 centimeters and come to a tapering point at their tips. The mature leaves are hairless on their upper surface, except for the midrib, and have rust-colored hairs on their lower surface. Its leaves have 10-14 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs.
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The species' spikelets are long and are both elliptic and solitary with pedicelled fertile spikelets and one fertile floret which have a hairy callus. The glumes are long and are lanceolate, membranous and have one keel. They also have scaberulous veins and acute apexes. It have a hairy and long rhachilla and elliptic long and keelless fertile lemma while the lemma itself have a dentated apex.
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The pedicels are ciliate, curved, filiform, and hairy above. The spikelets have 2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, lanceolate and clumped. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless and membranous, but every other feature is different; Lower glume is flabellate and is long with erosed apex. Upper glume is lanceolate and is long with an obtuse apex.
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The species name refers to the dark-colored margins of the pronotum. The species is similar in many aspects to Neoperla flagellate and N. tuberculata, but can be distinguished by the size of the aedeagus. The Aedeagal sac and tube are approximately the same length, with the sac being membranous and covered in numerous small spines. A pair of flagella are discernable at the sac's apex.
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That evening the child Rosie contracts membranous croup and dies. When Constance arrives home late that night, Douglas refuses to let her into the room, and she says "I am a thousand times more fit to be with her than you." The two drift further apart and, upon the verge of a formal separation, the old family lawyer skillfully plays upon their feelings that a reunification results.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, have asperulous surfaces and acute apexes. The other features are different though; Lower glume is elliptic and is long, while the upper one is lanceolate and is long. Its lemma have scaberulous surface with the fertile lemma being chartaceous, keelless, lanceolate and long by . Lemma have ciliated margins, dentated apex, and hairs which are long.
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It has a short stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. It has 1–3 short branches, which can be hidden by the bracts. The stem has a short, semi- sheathing leaf, and 1 stem leaf, the branches have partially inflated spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are long, and generally green with purple staining. They are transparent or membranous on the edges.
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The male flowers are found in small clusters in the upper axils and the female flowers are in the lower axils. The fruits are globular pear shaped, from greenish-white through to reddish in colour. The fruits are membranous with net-veined or crinkled and between 6 and 12 mm long A. holocarpa and A. spongiosa are often found growing together.Commonwealth of Australia. (1984).
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It fertile spikelets are lanceolate and are . They carry one fertile floret which have a hairy floret callus which is over lemma. Fertile lemma is oblong and is of the same size as a spikelet, membranous and keelless. Lemma itself have an asperulous surface and dentate apex with the main lemma having awns which are over the lemma and are geniculated and are long.
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Some species of Scabiosa are annuals, others perennials. Some are herbaceous plants; others have woody rootstocks. The leaves of most species are somewhat hairy and partly divided into lobes, but a few are smooth and some species have simple leaves. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets, each floret cupped in a membranous, saucer-shaped bract.
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The stipe is (4)6 –15 x 1–3 cm, more or less equal or narrowing upwards and slightly flaring at the apex. It is white to yellowish cream, densely stuffed with a pith, the skirtlike ring is membranous, persistent, the lower stipe and upper bulb are decorated with partial or complete concentric rings of volval material that are bright pale yellow to cream or sordid cream.
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The pedicels are long and are hairy. The spikelets have 2 fertile flores which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, clumped and orbicular. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, lanceolate, membranous, and purple in colour. They are also have acute apexes but are different in size; Lower glume is long while the upper one is long and is 5-veined.
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It is a tree reaching 23 meters in height. Its papery to membranous, elliptical leaves are 14-29 by 3.5-11.4 centimeter, have short tapering tips and bases that come to a point where they meet the petioles. The dull upper surfaces of the leaves are hairless except the midribs which have fine hairs. The shiny lower surfaces are hairless except the midribs which have fine hairs.
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The action potential uses transverse tubules to get from the surface to the interior of the myocyte, which is continuous within the cell membrane. Sarcoplasmic reticula are membranous bags that transverse tubules touch but remain separate from. These wrap themselves around each sarcomere and are filled with Ca2+. Excitation of a myocyte causes depolarization at its synapses, the neuromuscular junctions, which triggers action potential.
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These huge eyes provide this nocturnal animal with excellent night vision. In bright light, the tarsier's eyes can constrict until the pupil appears to be only a thin spot. In low light or darkness, the pupil can dilate and fill up almost the entire eye. The large membranous ears are mobile, appearing to be almost constantly moving, allowing the tarsier to hear any movement.
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The inflorescences are located all along the stem branches next to the leaves. Each inflorescence is a small cluster of tiny bisexual and female- only flowers accompanied by waxy bracts. The winged, membranous flowers surround the developing fruit, which is all that remains on the plant when it is ripe, the leaves and flower parts having fallen away. The fruit is a pale cylindrical utricle.
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During the bleb-driven amoeboid movement, the cytoplasmic sol-gel state is regulated. Blebbing can also be a sign of when a cell is undergoing apoptosis. It has also been observed that the blebs formed by motile cells undergo a roughly uniform life cycle that lasts approximately one minute. This includes a phase involving the initial outward expansion where the membrane breaks away from the membranous cytoskeleton.
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The central part of the otic vesicle represents the membranous vestibule, and is subdivided by a constriction into a smaller ventral part, the saccule, and a larger dorsal and posterior part, the utricle. The dorsal component of the inner ear also consists of what will become the semicircular canals. The utricle and saccule communicate with each other by means of a Y-shaped canal.
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On the abaxial surface, leaves are a pale greyish colour and have prominent veins covered with fine, greyish-brown, dense, sessile star-shaped hairs. Inflorescence consists of large panicles with pale yellow, cream, or greenish coloured flowers. Flowers are also small, exist in terminal clusters, have no petals, and have ovaries which are practically inferior. The sepals are persistent, bracts deciduous, and the operculum is membranous.
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The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The three major parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The membranous labyrinth runs inside of the bony labyrinth, and creates three parallel fluid filled spaces. The two outer are filled with perilymph and the inner with endolymph.
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Anthocorids possess two pairs of wings with sclerotized forewings and membranous hindwings.E. Wachmann, A. Melber & J. Deckert: Wanzen. Band 1: Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha (Teil I), Neubearbeitung der Wanzen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der deutschsprachigen Schweiz, Goecke & Evers Keltern, 2006, Many species are referred to as insidious flower bugs or pirate bugs. The scientific name is a combination of the Greek words anthos "flower" and koris "bug".
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The form of the hydroid is very variable and this was one of the reasons for the taxonomical confusion. In the "muscus" form, single polyps or short branches emerge from a stolon. In the "fruticosa" form, the hydrocaulis is much branched and grows to fifty millimetres in height. The perisarc rises to the base of the tentacles which may form a corrugated or membranous cup.
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The following diseases manifest by means of physiological dysfunction besides the categories above: membranous glomerulonephritis, tumor-induced osteomalacia, Stauffer syndrome, Neoplastic fever, and thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity. Rheumatologic (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy), renal (secondary kidney amyloidosis and sedimentation of immunocomplexes in nephrons), and gastrointestinal (production of molecules that affect the motility and secretory activity of the digestive tract) dysfunctions, for example, may relate to paraneoplastic syndromes.
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KIF1A is a member of the kinesin family. This protein is highly similar to mouse heavy-chain kinesin member 1A protein, which is an anterograde motor protein that transports membranous organelles along axonal microtubules. It is thought that this protein may play a critical role in the development of axonal transport neuropathies resulting from impaired axonal transport. There are multiple polyadenylation sites found in this gene.
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They contain two seeds each, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. Measuring in length, the seed is obovate, and composed of a dark brown wide membranous 'wing' and obovate seed proper which measures long by wide. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges. The bright green cotyledons are obovate, measuring long by wide.
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Scapteriscus abbreviatus is a medium-sized mole cricket with a length of from . Its leathery forewings are shorter than its prothorax and its membranous hind wings are shorter than its forewings, rendering it unable to fly. Members of this genus are characterized by having two sharp claws and a blade-like process with a sharp edge on their forelegs. Other mole crickets have three or four claws.
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The leaves then lengthen, and by the time the iris has seed capsules, they are between long and 0.3–0.4 cm wide. It is a dwarf plant, having either subterranean, or very small stems or pedicels. They can reach up to between long. The pedicel (or dwarf stem) has 2 narrow, lanceolate (or oblong-lanceolate,) and (scarious) membranous spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud).
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis caused by deposits in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane (GBM) thickening, activating complement and damaging the glomeruli. MPGN accounts for approximately 4% of primary renal causes of nephrotic syndrome in children and 7% in adults. It should not be confused with membranous glomerulonephritis, a condition in which the basement membrane is thickened, but the mesangium is not.
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Pregnancy takes place any time from early spring to late summer. Females become much less active and band together in small groups in late pregnancy. They share the same retreat and bask in the sun together. The red-bellied black snake is ovoviviparous; that is, it gives birth to live young in individual membranous sacs, after 14 weeks' gestation, usually in February or March.
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Caloptilia azaleella deposits its eggs on azalea (Rhododendron spp) plants, under leaves near the midrib. Thiese are the only hosts so far recorded. The larva initially forms a mine and later rolls the leaf downwards from the tip, forming a cone. When mature a pale-brown pupa is formed in a white, membranous silken cocoon spun beneath a leaf and the moths can mate a week later.
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The fronds are dark green, dull and membranous, ranging in size from 38-210 mm long; they are triangular to ovate in shape and pinnate to tripinnate. The rachises are winged, glabrous, dark brown proximally and pale brown distally. The ultimate lamina segments are narrowly oblong and have a spreading finger-like appearance; the margins are entire, with each ultimate segment containing a single conspicuous vein.
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Bosea yervamora Is a shrub up to 3 m with greenish slender branches. Leaves up to 7 cm long, ovate, lanceolate, alternate, short stalked, without hair. Flowers short terminal, arising from the axil of the leaf, indefinite inflorescences, greenish with two membranous, dry modified leaves at the base of the stem. Fruits greenish black turning pink when ripe, about the size of a small pea.
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Meningioma, also known as meningeal tumor, is typically a slow-growing tumor that forms from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms depend on the location and occur as a result of the tumor pressing on nearby tissue. Many cases never produce symptoms. Occasionally seizures, dementia, trouble talking, vision problems, one sided weakness, or loss of bladder control may occur.
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Schellackia sporozoites exist either free-floating or within a parasitophorous vacuole within a host cell. On occasion, multiple sporozoites have been observed to fit into a single expanded parasitophorous vacuole. The space within the vacuole surrounding the sporozoites contains a fine granular substance, and sometimes membranous residues. The sporozoites themselves are bound by a pellicle and contain a nucleus with a nucleolus and peripheral chromatin.
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Most aquatic and semi-aquatic amphibians have a membranous skin which allows them to absorb water directly through it. Some semi-aquatic animals also have similarly permeable bladder membrane. As a result, they tend to have high rates of urine production to offset this high water intake, and have urine which is low in dissolved salts. The urinary bladder assists such animals to retain salts.
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Within the cytoplasm, the newly synthesized protein is attached to a Golgi-like membranous vesicle called the Maurer's cleft. Inside the Maurer’s clefts is a family of proteins called Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) proteins. Of the PHIST proteins, PFI1780w and PFE1605w bind the intracellular ATS of PfEMP1 during transport to the RBC membrane. The PfEMP1 molecule is deposited at the RBC membrane at the knobs.
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The stipe has a conspicuous but soon fading membranous yellowish-white annulus. The pileus trama is light yellow, similar to the color of the cap. The odor is fungal. The verrucose spores are ellipsoid to oblong, amygdaliform, thick walled, and lack a germ pore and plague, but have a superhilar depression. They typically measure 8.0 - 8.8 (-11.2) x by 5–6 (6 - 8) μm.
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Located within the membranous labyrinthine walls of the vestibular system are approximately 67,000 hair cells in total. This includes ~7,000 hair cells from each of the semicircular canals located within the crista ampullaris, ~30,000 hair cells from the utricle, and ~16,000 hair cells from the saccule. Each hair cell has about 70 stereocilia (short rod-like hair cells) and one kinocilium (long hair cell).
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Growing to tall, it is a woody, evergreen climber with glossy, leathery leaves and strongly scented cream-coloured flowers in summer. They exude a milky white latex. Leaves are simple and opposite, persistent, borne by a petiole 2-10 mm, with an elliptic limb , narrowly ovate, 2-10 x 1-5 cm, membranous. Glossy green leaves have a brown- orange tinge stained reddish during the winter.
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There are small afferent vessels (1) in cerata with puckerd membranous fringe on the inner sides. The vessels are leading to great median trunk. Efferent vessels (2), gland (3) a "normal" tissue of cerata (4). The circulatory system and respiratory system is unique in this animal, because nearly the whole of these vessels are distinctly visible on the skin of the back, rising above the general surface.
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Honckenya peploides is a small, subdioecious, spreading plant, forming patches on sand and shingle above the high water mark of beaches. The stem is branching and buried in the sand. The leaves grow in opposite pairs and are fleshy with membranous margins, pale yellowish-green and ovate, oblong or lanceolate, usually with pointed tips. The flowers are often dioecious and have parts in fives.
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The membranous peridium is transparently thin and shinily iridescent-coloured. Its surface is composed of a coarse mesh arrangement of wrinkled lines, along which it later divides into pieces. The capillitium is often irregular, usually due to the presence of several yellow-brown, translucent spirally banded strands, which divide towards the outer end. The branches are often intertwined spirals, which sometimes form a network.
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The mostly bisexual flowers are immersed in the inflorescence axis and more or less connate to each other, to the bract, and to the axis. The inconspicuously three-lobed perianth consists of three connate tepals. There are one ore two (rarely three) stamens shortly exserting the flower, and an ovary with two stigmas. The fruit remains enclosed in the inflorescence axis, the fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous.
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Each of the flowers has a corolla that consists of two outer petals that range in color from yellow to pale yellow and two inner petals that are whiter and membranous. The C. micrantha ssp. australis racemes are normal flowered that often greatly exceeds the leaves. The spurs are not globose at the tip of the flower and have slender fruits that are 15–30 mm. long.
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The slender stems are 30–100 mm tall and 3–10 mm wide, white striate above a substantial membranous ring and slightly scaly and greyish below. Flesh is thin and white and the lamellae are adnate, broad and very distant. Cystidia are thin-walled cylindric or utriform. Spore print is white, they are smooth and subglobose in shape and very thickwalled at 13–18×12–15 µm.
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The posterior phallus is simple and unmodified or with sclerotized appendages. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is normally unsclerotized – a synapomorphy of Lineodini. However, in Leucinodes and Neoleucinodes the posterior ductus bursae, the colliculum and the antrum are often partially sclerotized often have a thickened mesocuticle. The corpus bursae is membranous, but at least Rhectosemia antofagastalis and R. striata exhibit a small sclerotized signum.
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The thoracic region of the body consists of seven chaetigers (segments bearing chaetae). Chaetae are small appendages that aid the worm with mobility. The first of these segments is the collar segment (peristomium), to which the prostomium is attached. The peristomium bears an elaborate, delicate, membranous collar that overlaps the margins of the aperture of the tube and covers the opening of the tube when the head is extended.
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They are often irregularly grouped together, each with a slender, twisted stalk connecting it to a spreading, membranous holdfast. The sphere is filled with a thick, gelatinous material with the developing embryo spirally coiled within. When it is nearly long and ready to hatch, a pair of small, rounded protuberances at the side of the sphere fall off, allowing the juvenile leech to emerge, and search for a suitable host fish.
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The stem (or peduncle) is slender and can grow between long. It is more longer and slender than Iris falcifolia, but shorter than Iris songarica. The stems have 3 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are narrow and are acuminated (ending in a sharp point), and they have a hyaline (clear and translucent) or membranous margin. The spathes have a small peduncle (stalk) that are between long.
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Polygonum polygaloides is an annual herb producing slender, wiry green stems 1 to 30 centimeters (0.4–12 inches) in length. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are alternately arranged uniformly along the stem, the ones near the tips of stem branches highly reduced. The leaves have membranous stipules which fuse to form silvery ochrea at the leaf bases. The flowers are mainly located in clusters around the stem tips.
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This polypody anchors with a thin, scaly rhizome. It produces oblong leaves in maximum length and 7 in width. Each leaf is made up of many dull-pointed linear or lance-shaped segments which may be thin and membranous or firm and leathery in texture, and smooth or serrated on the edges. The underside of each leaf segment has a few brownish, reddish, or nearly black sori, which contain the spores.
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The ring is membranous, grooved, whitish, buff, and greyish-sepia or lavender-grey. It first hangs freely before later sticking to the stem, often tearing and adhering to the edge of the cap. The flesh of the cap is white or stained mouse-grey under the central part, occasionally with a grey line above the gills; the stem flesh is white to pale buff. The spore print is white.
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Plants of the genus Calligonum are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, with flexuous woody branches. Leaves are simple, opposite, nearly sessile, linear or scale-like, sometimes absent or very small, linear or filiform, distinct or united with short membranous ochreae. Flowers are bisexual, solitary or in loose axillary inflorescences. Flowers have persistent, 5-parted perianths not accrescent in fruit, and 10-18 stamens with filaments connate at the base.
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Lesions can be transverse, occurring between the rings of the trachea, longitudinal or spiral. They may occur along the membranous part of the trachea, the main bronchi, or both. In 8% of ruptures, lesions are complex, occurring in more than one location, with more than one type of lesion, or on both of the main bronchi and the trachea. Transverse tears are more common than longitudinal or complex ones.
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All pentatomids have 5-segmented antennae, and 3 tarsal segments on each foot. They generally have a large triangular scutellum in the center of the back. The body shape of adult pentatomids is generally "shieldlike," when viewed from above, but this varies between species, and is not true for the immature nymphal stages. The forewings of stink bugs are called hemelytra, with the basal half thickened while the apex is membranous.
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The NS5A protein plays an important role in viral RNA replication, viral assembly, and complex interactions with cellular functions. The protein has been implicated in the modulation of host defenses, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and stress-responsive pathways. However, its function and complete structure have yet to be elucidated. NS5A seems to be key in triggering the formation of the membranous web in the absence of other similar nonstructural proteins.
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This sheath is dilated from the middle downwards, having three keels and seven veins on this lower half, and thinly membranous above. The sheath has a lip which is 4.2mm long. The lip is three-toothed at the top, with each tooth almost equal in length, 0.5mm. The lip is oblong and glabrous except for the tips of the teeth, which are covered in ephemeral, fleeting, easily rubbed-off, villous hairs.
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They can be between long. They sometimes have (scarious) membranous tip. The stems (and the branches) hold between 3 and 5 flowers, between spring, and early summer, between April to May, in May,Donald Wyman or between May and June.Philip Miller Richard Morris They sometimes have a secondary bloom in autumn, between August and September, or between September and October, but it is less vigorous than the spring display.
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The adult cotton jassid is a long and slender insect about in length. It is yellowish-green, with a conspicuous black spot on either side of the head and another near the tip of the fore wing. The head is pale green and the membranous wings transparent and iridescent. On leaf surfaces, the insect tends to move about diagonally, and when disturbed it immediately jumps and flies away.
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O. umbellatum is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant (geophyte), dying back after flowering, to an underground storage bulb. The following year, it regrows from the often shallow rooted bulbs, which are ovoid with a membranous coat, long and in diameter. The bulbs form multiple leaf-bearing bulbils that soon separate but remain close by. Initially the plant forms 6–10 basal leaves, that arise in tufts from the bulbs.
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Rhopalum coarctatum Crabro cribrarius Ectemnius maculosus with pollen Crabronini is a tribe of square-headed wasps in the family Crabronidae. There are more than 40 genera and 1,500 described species in Crabronini. Wasps of this tribe are mostly small to very small wasps. Typical of this tribe are the forewings with a single submarginal cell, the lack of membranous metanotal and propodeal modifications, and (in most genera) a square-shaped head.
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They have two pairs of wings, which are held overlapping the abdomen at rest. The forewings, or tegmina, are narrower than the hindwings and hardened at the base, while the hindwing is membranous, with straight veins and numerous cross-veins. At rest, the hindwings are held folded fan-like under the forewings. The final two to three segments of the abdomen are reduced, and have single-segmented cerci.
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It is similar in form to Iris germanica, but it has more curved leaves (or sickle-shaped,) greener, and longer leaves, the stem is less glaucous,British Iris Society (1997) and it has less scarious (membranous) spathes. It has a thick rhizome, with many stoloniferous and fibrous branches. The rhizomes grow at ground level. It has herbaceous, (or deciduous), falcate (sickle-shaped), light green and slightly glaucous leaves.
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Mecoptera are small to medium-sized insects with long beaklike rostra, membranous wings and slender, elongated bodies. They have relatively simple mouthparts, with a long labium, long mandibles and fleshy palps, which resemble those of the more primitive true flies. Like many other insects, they possess compound eyes on the sides of their heads, and three ocelli on the top. The antennae are filiform (thread- shaped) and contain multiple segments.
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Inside the gametocytes are many gymnospores and membranous sacs. The gymnospores are composed of many radially arranged, cone-shaped sporozoites, the infective agent that infects a target host (Galinski and Barnwell 2012). At the sporozoite rostral end there is an oval nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and secretory granules (Tuntuwaranuruk et al. 2015). The oocyst of Nematopsis contains a single uni-nucleated vermiform sporozoite (Prasadan and Janardana 2001).
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Each seed is separated from the others by a membranous separator, and has a long rectangular wing, which is much longer than the seed itself. The seedlings have obovate cotyledons that are 0.8–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) wide by 1 cm (0.4 in) long. Alloxylon flammeum can be distinguished from the co-occurring Alloxylon wickhamii by its hairy stems and petioles. It also has brighter flowers than the latter species.
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Many adults are devoid of wings, a state known as aptery. Winged forms, known as alates, are longer and more slender than aptates and have shiny black heads and thoraxes. The membranous wings of the alates are held angled over the body. The antennae are less than two-thirds of the length of the body and both they and the legs are pale yellow in colour with black tips.
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Agaricus brunneofibrillosus is a mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It has a medium to dark brown cap up to in diameter with brownish fibrillose scales that darken in age. The tightly-packed gills are initially cream colored before becoming pinkish, lilac-gray, and finally brownish as the spores mature. The stout stem is enlarged to bulbous at the base which has one or more brown bands, and a white, membranous ring.
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The pedicels are curved, filiform, and scaberulous. The spikelets have 2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, lanceolate, clumped and are long. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless and membranous, but every other feature is different; Lower glume is flabellate, truncate and is long with an erose apex. Upper glume is ovate and is long with an obtuse apex.
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At the mercy of winds and currents, chondrophores are pelagic and drift in the open ocean. They are often seen in large aggregations; mass beachings are not unusual. Chondrophores multiply by releasing tiny (0.3-2.5 millimetres or 0.01-0.09 inches) medusae which go on to develop new colonies. Velella differs from Porpita by their transparent, membranous sail-shaped floats; filled with gas, the membranes have a texture reminiscent of cellophane.
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The branches are covered densely in leaves; the genus name Chiliophyllum is from the Greek ' ("thousand") and ' ("leaf"), a reference to the abundant leaves, and the species name densifolium also refers to the dense foliage. The leathery, glandular leaf blades are 5 to 6 millimeters long and teardrop- shaped. Flower heads occur singly at the tips of the branches. They are cylindrical with layers of glandular phyllaries that have membranous edges.
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The sterile florets are also present in a number of 2-3, and are barren, cuneate, and clumped. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, oblong and have acute apexes. Their size is different though; Lower glume is long, while the upper one is long. Its lemma have scaberulous surface with the fertile lemma being chartaceous, keelless, oblong, ovate and of the same size as the upper glume.
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The glumes are dissimilar and are keelless and membranous, with other features being different; Lower glume is obovate, long with an obtuses apex, while the upper one is lanceolate, long and have an acute apex. Lemma have ciliated margins, scaberulous surface, acute apex with the hairs being long. It fertile lemma is chartaceous, elliptic and is long by wide. The species' palea have ciliolated keels, smooth surface and dentated apex.
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Saltugilia australis is an herb that produces a very thin, erect stem up to tall, surrounded at the base by a rosette of leaves with blades divided into lobed segments. The glandular inflorescence produces tiny flowers with green sepals sometimes dotted with purple and ribbed with membranous tissue between the ribs. The corolla is up to long and white to lavender in color with yellow in the throat.
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The hairy fruit enclosed by the bracteoles is ovate and compressed, its membranous pericarp is free from the seed. The vertically orientated seed has a brown thin seed coat covered with white hairs. The embryo is nearly annular or horseshoe-shaped and encloses the copious perisperm. The chromosome base number is x=9, for example 2n=36 for Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, 2n=18 and 2n=36 for Krascheninnikovia lanata.
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The stem has oval, or oblong shaped, green, or pale green, inflated, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are also tightly imbricated, or overlapping, and transparent, or membranous at the tip of the bract. They look similar in form to translucent green pea pods. The stems (and the branches) hold numerous, between 2 and 5 flowers, in spring or summer, between April and May, May, or between May and June.
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Similar to Iris spuria, they also have the ability to produce an offensive smell, when the leaves are bruised. It has a smooth, long flowering stem. It has 1–4 very short lateral branches. The stems hold 3–8 flowers, 3–4 per stem, terminal (top of stem), in early summer, between May and June. The lanceolate and membranous at the top, spathes are long and 2 cm wide.
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The stem has lanceolate spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are tinted with purple. They have (scarious) membranous tips, when the plants are in flower. The stems hold terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming early season, between May and June. Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.
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The stem has green spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that have wide scarious (membranous) margins, they are similar in size to the perianth tube, at long and slightly keeled at blooming time. The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower, blooming in spring, in March and April. The large flowers, come in shades of yellow, red, purple, or violet. Or they can be a combination of these colours.
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The sterile florets are 2-3 in number and are long, barren, oblong and clumped. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, oblong and are purple coloured. Other features are different though; Lower glume is long with an acute apex while the upper one is long with an obtuse apex. Its lemma have smooth surface and an obtuse apex while the fertile lemma is chartaceous, elliptic, keelless, and long.
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These biologically meaningful DOFs include asynchronous and mediolateral movements of the armwings and dorsoventral movements of the legs. Also, the continuous surface and elastic properties of bat skin under wing morphing are realized by an ultrathin (56 micrometers) membranous skin that covers the skeleton of the morphing wings. We have successfully achieved autonomous flight of B2 using a series of virtual constraints to control the articulated, morphing wings .
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The bulbs' outer coats are commonly brown or grey, with a smooth texture, and are fibrous, or with cellular reticulation. The inner coats of the bulbs are membranous. Many alliums have basal leaves that commonly wither away from the tips downward before or while the plants flower, but some species have persistent foliage. Plants produce from one to 12 leaves, most species having linear, channeled or flat leaf blades.
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The leaves are generally equal or shorter than the stems, and also evergreen. It has stems with between 1 – 2 compact, erect branches, that can grow up to between long. The stems have 2–5, green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are 6–12 cm long, with membranous margins. The stems or peduncle hold 2–5, terminal (top of stem) flowers, between spring and summer, in April–May.
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Life restoration with Asteroceras Judging by the holotype, which is the partial remains of one single specimen, the size of the creature was 5 meters (16 ft), and much like its plesiosaur cousins, it was piscivorous. From the skin impression found with the bones, which was later destroyed, it is presumed that the creature had membranous skin, devoid of any significantly large scale, probably for decreasing water resistances.
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The pistillate flowers are also yellow with three cupped sepals and three longer, imbricate petals. When staminodes are present there are three, joined in a ring; the gynoecum is ovoid, triocular and triovulate. The three stigmas are recurved with elongated, laterally attached ovules. The large fruit is round or slightly egg shaped, maturing to bright red or orange in color, with a fleshy mesocarp and a membranous endocarp.
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Pollichia campestris is a much-branched subshrub growing to a height of about . The erect stems have a covering of fine hairs when young. The leaves are greyish-green and hairy at first, measuring up to , narrowly lanceolate or elliptical, with acute apexes, short stalks and small, membranous stipules. The inflorescence is a small, pubescent cyme growing in the axil of a leaf; the flowers are greenish-yellow with white bracts.
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The gills are attached to a collar encircling the stem. The cap of the fruit body is thin and membranous, measuring in diameter. It has a convex shape slightly depressed in the center, conspicuous furrows in an outline of the gills, and scalloped edges. Young, unexpanded caps are yellowish brown; as the cap expands, the color lightens to whitish or light pinkish-white, often with a darker, sometimes brown center.
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The cockroach is flattened dorsolaterally and is roughly oval with a shield-like plate, the pronotum, covering its thorax and posterior region of the head. The antennae are many-segmented, long and slender, and the mouthparts are adapted for chewing. The forewings are normally leathery and the hind wings membranous. The coxae of the legs are flattened to enable the femurs to fit neatly against them when folded.
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They are slightly smaller than Iris aphylla, and shorter than the flowering stem. They have 5–6 ribs, and curve outwards. It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between tall, The stem has green, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which have a reddish edge. The stems hold 1–5 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between March to May or between May and June.
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The ductus arteriosus stays open because of circulating factors including prostaglandins. The foramen ovale stays open because of the flow of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. As the lungs expand, blood flows easily through the lungs and the membranous portion of the foramen ovale (the septum primum) flops over the muscular portion (the septum secundum). If the closure is incomplete, the result is a patent foramen ovale.
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Flowers are bisexual (rarely unisexual), with up to five tepals connate only basally or fused to form sac, one to five stamens, and a superior ovary with one to three filiform stigmata. Fruits and seeds of Dysphania botrys The fruit is often enclosed in perianth. The membranous pericarp is adherent or nonadherent to the horizontal or vertical, subglobose, or lenticular seed. The seed coat is smooth or rugose.
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At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac, the endolymphatic sac, between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity.
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The body is covered by a thick exoskeleton and a pair of thick wing covers lay atop another set of membranous wings underneath, allowing the beetle to fly, although not very efficiently, owing to its large size. The flying season is usually in September, when most of the males usually appear to wait for copulation. Its length is 50–95 mm. As a larva, its diet is rotten wood.
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They can grow up to long, and 0.2–0.7 cm wide, They have incurving tips, and they disappear in summer, after flowering. It has a simple dwarf (or short stem), that can grow up to between tall. The stems have 2–3 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are lanceolate and are (scarious) membranous at the top of the leaf. They have short, 7.5mm long pedicels (flower stalks).
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The tegmina (forewings) are longer than the prothorax and the membranous hind wings are longer than the abdomen, which distinguishes it from the short-winged mole cricket (S. abbreviatus) whose hind wings are shorter than the forewings and which is unable to fly. The call, sung only by males, usually within two hours of sunset, is a low-pitched trill with a pulse rate of about 50 per second.
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They may protrude into the orifice of the mitral valve, leading to fixed obstruction of blood flow from the left atria to the left ventricles. Subaortic stenosis has been observed in both muscular and membranous forms. In either case, a variable degree of obstruction may be observed at the ventricular surface of the aortic valve. This presents an obstruction of flow of blood from the ventricle to the aorta.
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Both the lower and upper glumes are oblong, keelless, membranous, have erosed apexes, and are 5-veined. Their size is different though; Lower glume is long, while the upper one is long. Palea is 2-veined with flowers being fleshy, oblong and truncate. They also have 2 lodicules, and grow together with their 3 anthers which have fruits that are caryopsis and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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As normal in the genus Amanita, the gills are white and free from the stem and the spores are white. The stem is 5–12 cm high and 0.6-1.5 cm thick, with a basal bulb which may or may not be surrounded by a white membranous volva. The fragile ring is grey-violet or blackens. The flesh is white with a smell of raw potato or radish.
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This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of 30 cm to 1 m. The leaves are linear, with the sometimes hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from 4 to 15 cm in length with 2 to 3.5 mm long awn.
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The mouthparts form a long, sharp rostrum that they insert into the plant to feed. The postclypeus is a large, nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up most of the front of the head; it contains the pumping musculature. The thorax has three segments and houses the powerful wing muscles. They have two pairs of membranous wings that may be hyaline, cloudy, or pigmented.
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It grows from a short cylindrical stipe attached to the rocks by a holdfast of branching root-like rhizoids and grows to about 20 cm long. The stipe is continued into the frond forming a long conspicuous midrib, all other large and unbranched brown algae to be found in the British Isles are without a mid- rib. The lamina is thin, membranous with a wavy margin.Newton, L. (1931).
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A wide range of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (e.g. picornaviruses) including many important human pathogens hijack human PI4KB kinase to generate specific PI4P-enriched organelles called membranous webs. These organelles are then used as specific platforms for the effective viral replication within the host cell. Furthermore, PI4KB homologue from the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been identified as a target of imidopyrazines, an antimalarial compound class.
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The most significant changes occur in development between birth and puberty, and in old age. Hirano et al. previously described several structural changes associated with aging, in the vocal fold tissue. Some of those changes are: a shortening of the membranous vocal fold in males, a thickening of the vocal fold mucosa and cover in females, and a development of edema in the superficial lamina propria layer in both sexes.
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The housefly (Musca domestica) is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans. It is the most common fly species found in houses. Adults are gray to black, with four dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings.
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Moesin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSN gene. Moesin (for membrane-organizing extension spike protein) is a member of the ERM protein family which includes ezrin and radixin. ERM proteins appear to function as cross-linkers between plasma membranes and actin-based cytoskeletons. Moesin is localized to filopodia and other membranous protrusions that are important for cell–cell recognition and signaling and for cell movement.
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There are small efferent vessels in cerata with puckered membranous fringe on the inner sides. The vessels are leading to the great median trunk. Ceras, plural Cerata, are anatomical structures found externally in nudibranch sea slugs, especially in aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Aeolidida. The singular of cerata is ceras, which comes from the Greek word "κέρας", meaning "horn", a reference to the shape of these structures.
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Their shape can be orbicular, broadly elliptic, or cordate, their margins are usually entire, but sometimes wavy or extended into two wings, their surface is flat or ribbed, glabrous or hairy. Initially, bracteoles are yellowish-greenish or cream-colored, later they become reddish or pinkish. The orbicular, obovoid or laterally compressed-lenticular fruit (utricle) does not fall at maturity. The membranous pericarp is free or slightly adheres to the seed.
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Its thickened, black or dark brown surface is composed of incompletely developed peridium walls and spores, and covers the ochre- to olive-brown interior. The endings of the single sporangia are slightly rough up to distinctly curved outwards and spherical. Their diameter is from 0.4 to 0.8 mm. The distinctive, spongy hypothallus is occasionally membranous, but often multi-layered and produces a permanent subsurface for the fruit body.
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The peridium is an iridescent, consistently membranous layer. It is smooth on the edges and partly smooth, partly veined and mostly irregularly covered with the small hollows, which have a diameter from 0.4 to 0.8 µm and can be thickened on the edge. Dictydian granules are found in the shape darker or colourless pellets, which have a diameter from 0.8 to 1,8 µm. A capillitium or pseudocapillitium is lacking.
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As the surrounding plasmodium flows in the fruit body, the hypothallus will lie directly on the substrate, shrinking and creating the edge of the mature fruit body. Here, the hypothallus is part of a morphological unit with peridium and stem, which serves as a membranous surface of the whole structure with the spores. Epihypothaly is an autapomorphy of the stemonitida and is, in comparison to subhypothaly, a primitive feature.
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Lygus rugulipennis Lygus rugulipennis can reach a length of .British bugs These small plant bugs can be identified mainly on the basis of the fine details of the corium, that in this species is very pubescent, with the space among hairs less than the length of one hair. Legs are quite bristly and wings-tips are membranous. The color pattern and markings are quite variable, ranging from purple to yellowish brown.
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The genus of bees consists of generally small, black and yellow/white wasp-like species. The resemblance to wasps is enhanced by the absence of a scopa, which is atypical among bees. Hylaeus carry pollen in the crop, rather than externally, and regurgitate it into the cell where it will be used as larval food. Like most colletids, the liquid provisions are sealed inside a membranous cellophane-like cell lining.
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Journal of Prenatal Medicine. Risks of antepartum bleeding due to vasa praevia greatly increase during the third trimester of pregnancy during cervical dilation or placenta praevia. Vessel rupture is very likely in the event of a membranous rupture as foetal blood vessels aren't protected by the umbilical cord of the placenta. In the event of foetal vessel rupture, antepartum haemorrhaging occurs however blood is lost from the foetal blood supply.
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The anterior part of the ventricle leads up by a narrow opening into a pouch-like diverticulum, a mucous membranous sac of variable size called the appendix of the laryngeal ventricle. The appendix (also called the laryngeal saccule, pouch or Hilton's pouch) extends vertically from the laryngeal ventricle. It runs between the vestibular fold, thyroarytenoid muscle, and thyroid cartilage, and is conical, bending slightly backward. It is covered in roughly seventy mucous glands.
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Endolymph is the fluid contained within the scala media of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear and within the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus; endolymph resembles intracellular fluid in composition (potassium is the main cation). Apart from the importance in the electric cochlear potential, the perilymph also contains a large number of proteins, e.g. extracellular enzymes and immunoglobulins. These proteins are important for the metabolism, immune response and metabolism among others physiological functions.
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The immature fruit bodies of Phallus species grow underground, are roughly spherical to ovoid, and have a soft or gelatinous surface. Conspicuous white rhizomorphs extend from the base of this structure and help to anchor it in the soil. The outer tissue layer, or peridium, is white to pale, smooth, firm-membranous. The slimy spore mass, or gleba, is attached to outer surface of the cap, and is colored dark olivaceous to blackish brown.
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Close-up of the peridioles of C. laeve Peridia are 3–7 mm in diameter x 3–8 mm tall, cup- shaped, short and cylindrical with roughly parallel side walls. The tomentose exterior surface is tan to yellow when young and whiter in age. Young specimens have a coarsely tomentose epiphragm (membranous cover) that soon disappears. The peridioles are 1–2 mm broad, tan to white in color, disc- shaped, and wrinkled when dry.
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Young mushrooms have a membranous partial veil extending from the upper stem to the cap margin; as the mushroom grows, the partial veil tears to leave a flimsy, skirt-like, easily lost ring on the stem. At the base of the stem is a white volva (a remnant of the universal veil that covered the immature mushroom) that usually forms a small, free rim. Spore prints are white. There is no distinctive odour.
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Many proteins within the host cell can be affected by NS5A, e.g. phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα), a kinase required for the replication of HCV. This kinase takes part in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) by interacting with NS5A, which stimulates its activity and appears to improve the integrity of the membranous web. Recently, the central role of NS5A in viral proliferation has made it the target for drug development.
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The abdomen ends in a pair of long cerci; females have a long, cylindrical ovipositor. Diagnostic features include legs with 3-segmented tarsi; as with many Orthoptera, the hind legs have enlarged femora, providing power for jumping. The front wings are adapted as tough, leathery elytra, and some crickets chirp by rubbing parts of these together. The hind wings are membranous and folded when not in use for flight; many species, however, are flightless.
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The so-called "brush" is not fibrous as was originally believed, but consists of a number of parallel, membranous tubules made of globular calcified cartilage. The brush base and basal plate are covered in a thin, acellular bone layer. Zangerl asserts that these tubules are similar to erectile tissues in humans, and thus the complex may have been inflatable. The complex itself is covered in up to nine rows of large denticles pointing anteriorly.
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Despite the battery of sharp spines on the aboral surface and blunt spines on the oral surface, the crown-of-thorns starfish's general body surface is membranous and soft. When the starfish is removed from the water, the body surface ruptures and the body fluid leaks out, so the body collapses and flattens. The spines bend over and flatten, as well. They recover their shape when reimmersed, if they are still alive.
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The maleo ranges from long with blackish plumage, bare yellow facial skin, reddish-brown iris, reddish-orange beak, and rosy salmon underparts. The crown is ornamented with a prominent, bony, dark casque - which is the origin of its genus name Macrocephalon (Macro meaning "large" and cephalon meaning "head"). The greyish blue feet have four long sharp claws, separated by a membranous web. The sexes are almost identical with a slightly smaller and duller female.
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The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane, is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the spiral organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth.
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The membranous falciform process of the sacrotuberous ligament was found to be absent in 13% of cadavers. When present it extends towards the ischioanal fossa travelling along the ischial ramus and fusing with the obturator fascia. The lower border of the ligament was found to be directly continuous with the tendon of origin of the long head of the Biceps femoris in approximately 50% of subjects.Vleeming, A., R. Stoeckart, et al. (1989).
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The stem is long, and thick, usually with an enlarged or bulbous base that has one or more coca-brown colored bands. Firm, smooth, and lacking the scales found on the cap, the stem is colored white or discolors bright red or dingy brownish in age or after handling. The partial veil is membranous, white, and forms a thin skirt-like ring on the upper portion of the stem. Spore prints are dark chocolate brown.
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Inside, they bear two seeds separated by a brownish woody seed separator. The matte blackish seeds are wedge-shaped (cuneate) and measure long by wide with a membranous 'wing'. The root system consists of a main sinker root, and up to ten lateral roots extending from a non-lignotuberous root crown. The main sinker root grows straight down to the water table; it may be up to long if the water table is that deep.
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Lasiognathus waltoni is a species of wolftrap angler known from the eastern central Pacific Ocean. This species is found at depths to around . The females of this species grow to a length of SL. This species is characterized by a membranous anterior crest on its escal bulb, and an elongated, cylindrical distal escal appendage without a prolongation at the tip. Its species name honors Sir Isaac Walton, author of The Compleat Angler.
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Adult S. balanoides grow up to in diameter, and are sessile, living attached to rocks and other solid substrates. They have six greyish wall plates surrounding a diamond-shaped operculum. The base of the shell is membranous in Semibalanus, unlike other barnacles which have calcified bases. When the tide rises to cover the barnacles, the operculum opens, and feathery cirri (modified thoracic appendages) are extended into the water to filter food from the seawater.
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The leaves of the perichaetium have a long sheath with a scarious (i.e. membranous) margin, while the blades themselves are greatly reduced, gradually narrowing to a finely acuminate tip. These blades have toothed margins, are denticulate to subentire in outline, roughened to almost smooth, and have a costa that is excurrent. The seta, or capsule stalk, is 5 to 9 cm long, and is stout and yellowish to reddish brown in colour.
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Hymenophyllum is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved ferns. The leaves are generally only one cell thick and lack stomata, making them vulnerable to desiccation. Consequently, they are found only in very humid areas, such as in moist forests and among sheltered rocks.
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The first gonopods (modified copulatory organs) of males are also distinctively complex in shape, with a triangular cross-section at the base and becoming hoof-like towards the end. This characteristic is one of the diagnostic criteria for the genus. The covering (operculum) of the genital duct of the females has four sides and is membranous and slightly calcified. The genital slit is narrow and aligned along the middle of the operculum.
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Under electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present. Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, frequently with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hypocomplementemia, elevated anti-dsDNA titres and elevated serum creatinine. Class V disease (membranous glomerulonephritis) is characterized by diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall (segmentally or globally), with diffuse membrane thickening, and subepithelial deposits seen under the electron microscope. Clinically, stage V presents with signs of nephrotic syndrome.
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Scoble (1995) Chapter 3: "The adult thorax – a study in function & effect" (pp. 39–40). The upper and lower parts of the thorax (terga and sterna respectively) are composed of segmental and intrasegmental sclerites which display secondary sclerotisation and considerable modification in the Lepidoptera. The prothorax is the simplest and smallest of the three segments while the mesothorax is the most developed. Between the head and thorax is the membranous neck or cervix.
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Its color is initially brown before darkening, and the surface is fibrillose (made of thin, threadlike fibers). A whitish, membranous ring is present on the upper portion of the stem in young fruit bodies, but it does not last for long. The flesh is thin (less than 2 thick), yellowish-white, and lacks any distinctive odor. The spores have a roughly elliptical shape, and dimensions of 4.5–7 by 3–4 µm.
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Staminate flowers with sepals 2.2-2.5 x 1.6-2.2 mm., keeled, gibbous at the base, broadly ovate, obtuse, the margins membranous; petals connate for 0.2-0.5 mm., the free lobes 2.8-3 x 2.8-3.2 mm., ovate or elliptic, acute, sometimes with hooded apex; stamens 6, uniseriate, the filaments connate for 0.2-0.5 mm., 2.8-3.2 mm. long, anthers 2.1-2.3 x 1 mm.; pistillode 2.2-2.3 mm., columnar, 0.8–1 mm.
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Magnetosomes are membranous structures present in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). They contain iron-rich magnetic particles that are enclosed within a lipid bilayer membrane. Each magnetosome can often contain 15 to 20 magnetite crystals that form a chain which acts like a compass needle to orient magnetotactic bacteria in geomagnetic fields, thereby simplifying their search for their preferred microaerophilic environments. Recent research has shown that magnetosomes are invaginations of the inner membrane and not freestanding vesicles.
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Vibrations are transmitted to the substrate through the legs or body. ; Tymbal vibrations: Insects possess tymbals which are regions of the exoskeleton modified to form a complex membrane with thin, membranous portions and thickened "ribs". These membranes vibrate rapidly, producing audible sound and vibrations that are transmitted to the substrate. ; Acoustically coupled: Elephants produce low-frequency vocalizations at high amplitudes such that they couple with the ground and travel along the surface of the earth.
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To this end, because females are not valued except as bearers of children, the male-dominated Kzin society bred (most of) their own females into sub-sapience. Kzinti are often described as anthropomorphic tigers, but there are significant and visible differences. Kzinti are larger than humans, standing around tall and weighing around . These tiger-sized bipeds have large membranous ears, a barrel-chested torso with a flexible spine, and large fangs and claws.
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The inner ear structurally begins at the oval window, which receives vibrations from the incus of the middle ear. Vibrations are transmitted into the inner ear into a fluid called endolymph, which fills the membranous labyrinth. The endolymph is situated in two vestibules, the utricle and saccule, and eventually transmits to the cochlea, a spiral-shaped structure. The cochlea consists of three fluid-filled spaces: the vestibular duct, the cochlear duct, and the tympanic duct.
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Colonies of Electra pilosa form broad mats or star-shaped patches on the surface of the fronds of large algae such as Laminaria and Fucus serratus. The zooids also grows in small patches or tufts on the surface of shells and stones, and encircling the fronds of red algae such as Mastocarpus stellatus. The zooids are packed closely together, are cylindrical and about . Each one has a mineralized exoskeleton with a transparent, membranous oval window.
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It is also the only published phylogeny that includes V. polylepis. As with the most recent morphological phylogeny, it too shows that the groups Aphyllae and Foliosae are not true evolutionary groups. The genus is instead divided into three subgroups, which the authors have named alpha, beta and gamma. These groups seem to reflect geographical distributions, with alpha containing American membranous species, beta American fragrant species and gamma the old world and Caribbean species.
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Tunicate bulbs have dry, membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales. Species in the genera Allium, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs. Non-tunicate bulbs, such as Lilium and Fritillaria species, lack the protective tunic and have looser scales. Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages; the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage.
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The stem has (scarious) membranous, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud), which are long. The stems hold 2–3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in late spring, between April and June, or May, or between May and June.Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner The scented, flowers are in diameter. They are variable in colour, normally bi- coloured, ranging from milky white, to blue, to purple, (or pale lilac, or lavender,) and brown.
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Some follicles open spontaneously, but most remain closed until burnt by bushfire. Each follicle contains one or two fertile seeds, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. Measuring in length, the seed is obovate, and composed of a dark brown wide membranous "wing" and sickle-shaped (falcate) seed proper which measures long by wide. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges, and often glistens.
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Conversely, in FLIP, the region of interest is just outside the region that is being photobleached. Another important difference is that in FRAP, there is a single photobleaching event and a recovery period to observe how well fluorophores move back to the bleached site. However, in FLIP, multiple photobleaching events occur to prevent the return of unbleached fluorophores to the bleaching region. Like FLIP, FRAP is used in the study of continuity of membranous organelles.
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Rupture of the urethra is an uncommon result of penile injury, incorrect catheter insertion, straddle injury, or pelvic girdle fracture. The urethra, the muscular tube that allows for urination, may be damaged by trauma. When urethral rupture occurs, urine may extravasate (escape) into the surrounding tissues. The membranous urethra is most likely to be injured in pelvic fractures, allowing urine and blood to enter the deep perineal space and subperitoneal spaces via the genital hiatus.
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The preabdomen in male consists of five segments: tergites 1 and tergite 2 are fused. Between tergite 5 of the abdomen and the hypopygium only one sclerite is present dorsally, with two close-set spiracles on each side. Sometimes this sclerite is reduced and rarely membranous swellings occur in this region, which are usually retracted and visible only in macerated specimens. In the subfamily Oscinellinae the hypopygium usually has well developed cerci and edites.
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The membranous ligule is prominent, white in color with spiky hairs. The wide panicle nods like that of an oat plant, and it bears a large, splayed spikelet with a very long awn which can exceed five centimeters in length. The seeds easily break out of the spikelet. They are very sharp and very rough due to tiny barb-like hairs that face backwards, allowing the seed to catch and lodge like a fish hook.
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LRP2 was identified as the antigen of rat experimental membranous nephropathy (Heyman nephritis) and originally named gp330 and subsequently megalin and later LRP2. LRP2/megalin is a multiligand binding receptor found in the plasma membrane of many absorptive epithelial cells. LRP2/megalin is a member of a family of receptors with structural similarities to the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LRP2/megalin functions to mediate endocytosis of ligands leading to degradation in lysosomes or transcytosis.
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Aside from their dorsal forked stripe, they have dark rings around their eyes, and large membranous ears. Males have a scent gland on their throat, but only use it during social grooming, not for marking territory. Instead, they are very vocal, making repeated calls at the beginning and end of the night. Like the other members of their family, they are nocturnal, and sleep in tree holes and nests during the day.
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In addition to skin wound healing, CYR61 expression is elevated in remodeling cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction, in vascular injury, and in the long bones during fracture repair. Blockade of CYR61 by antibodies inhibits bone fracture healing in mice. In the kidney, CYR61 is expressed in podocytes in normal adult and embryonic glomeruli, but expression is decreased in IgA nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy, particularly in diseased kidneys with severe mesangial expansion.
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The active complex phosphorylates and activates 13S condensin, which helps to condense chromosomes. Another important function of the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex is to break down the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is a membranous structure containing large protein complexes supported by a network of nuclear lamins. Phosphorylation of the lamins by cyclin B1-Cdk1 causes them to dissociate, compromising the structural integrity of the nuclear envelope so that it breaks down.
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The walls of the hollow cochlea are made of bone, with a thin, delicate lining of epithelial tissue. This coiled tube is divided through most of its length by an inner membranous partition. Two fluid-filled outer spaces (ducts or scalae) are formed by this dividing membrane. At the top of the snailshell-like coiling tubes, there is a reversal of the direction of the fluid, thus changing the vestibular duct to the tympanic duct.
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Most male fish have two testes of similar size. In the case of sharks, the testis on the right side is usually larger. The primitive jawless fish have only a single testis located in the midline of the body, although even this forms from the fusion of paired structures in the embryo. Under a tough membranous shell, the tunica albuginea, the testis of some teleost fish, contains very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules.
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Tabanid species range from medium-sized to very large, robust insects. Most have a body length between , with the largest having a wingspan of . Deer flies in the genus Chrysops are up to long, have yellow to black bodies and striped abdomens, and membranous wings with dark patches. Horse-flies (genus Tabanus) are larger, up to in length and are mostly dark brown or black, with dark eyes, often with a metallic sheen.
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The cicadas ( or ) are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). They are in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, along with smaller jumping bugs such as leafhoppers and froghoppers. The superfamily is divided into two families, Tettigarctidae, with two species in Australia, and Cicadidae, with more than 3,000 species described from around the world; many species remain undescribed. Cicadas have prominent eyes set wide apart, short antennae, and membranous front wings.
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The sounds may further be modulated by membranous coverings and by resonant cavities. The male abdomen in some species is largely hollow, and acts as a sound box. By rapidly vibrating these membranes, a cicada combines the clicks into apparently continuous notes, and enlarged chambers derived from the tracheae serve as resonance chambers with which it amplifies the sound. The cicada also modulates the song by positioning its abdomen toward or away from the substrate.
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The iris is deemed to be very similar to Iris kolpakowskiana (also part of the Monolepsis section of the Hermodactyloides subgenus), but it has a brown,British Iris Society membranous covering to the bulb. I. kolpakowskiana (the other member of the section) has a netted covering. Another close relative is I. pskemensis (another snow-melt found iris). It has 3-4 glabrous (smooth), linear shaped leaves, which are sometimes longer than flowers and stems.
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The core complex is anchored in the cell membrane, consisting of one unit of RC surrounded by LH1; in some species there may be additional subunits. A type II RC consists of three subunits: L (light), M (medium), and H (heavy; ). Subunits L and M provide the scaffolding for the chromophore, while subunit H contains a cytoplasmic domain. In Rhodopseudomonas viridis, there is also a non-membranous tetrahaem cytochrome (4Hcyt) subunit on the periplasmic surface.
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Adults attain lengths of up to 14 cm, with the average length of adult males and females being 9.4 cm and 8.6 cm, respectively. Being from the family Plethodontidae, the northern dusky salamander is lungless. It absorbs oxygen through the skin and membranous tissue located in the mouth and throat. The dusky salamander also has a naso-labial groove, which aids olfaction, and thus the ability to search out mates and prey through smell.
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It has also been found that different types of chromoplasts can coexist in the same organ. Some examples of plants in the various categories include mangoes, which have globular chromoplasts, and carrots which have crystalline chromoplasts. Although some chromoplasts are easily categorized, others have characteristics from multiple categories that make them hard to place. Tomatoes accumulate carotenoids, mainly lycopene crystalloids in membrane- shaped structures, which could place them in either the crystalline or membranous category.
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Immature fruit bodies start out as roughly spherical "eggs", in diameter, on or near the surface of the ground. The eggs are white to yellowish, with robust white mycelial cords. The volva is made of an internal, hyaline (translucent), gelatinous layer as well as a membranous structure that is made of branching, hyaline, septate hyphae measuring 3–7 μm in diameter. The stipe is cylindrical, spongy, reddish to pink, high and wide.
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The corolla and calyx have four lobes each, with eight stamens inserted at the base of the disc, the filaments being connate at their base. The ovary is superior and sessile; it has four lobes and four locules, each containing two collateral ascending ovules. The stigma is simple and the style extends further than the stamens. The fruit is an inflated membranous capsule, 3–5 cm across, each locule forming a distinct lobe.
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Cactus mice can be identified by having naked soles on their hind feet and almost naked tails, which are usually the same length or longer than the animals' body length. Their ears are nearly hairless, large, and membranous. Their fur is long and soft; coloration varies between subspecies and between different populations. Color of fur varies from ochre to cinnamon, with white ventral areas, and the sides and top of head slightly grayish.
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It is dwarf species, and has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. The stem has lanceolate, slightly pinkish, or green, and membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), they are long. The stems hold 1, terminal, (top of stem) flower, blooming in spring, or early summer, between March (in Russia), April, or May. The leaves begin to grow in the late autumn and stop in the summer.
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The basal leaves have a hairless upper surface but have some hairs beside the veins on the lower surface. The upper leaves are alternate and are smaller and more elongated. Where their stalks meet the stem there is a membranous ochrea formed by the fusion of two stipules into a sheath which surrounds the stem and has a ragged upper margin. The flowers are arranged in much-branched, dense terminal compound panicles.
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As the number of ants reach 50–100, workers start patrolling the open plant surface next to their home thorn, and as the population reaches 200–400 workers become more aggressive and attack other smaller nearby colonies, ward off phytophagous insects that make landing attempts near the thorn more effectively. In old colonies the queen is physogastric (i.e. a swollen, membranous abdomen), heavily attended by workers, and accompanied by hundreds of eggs and young larvae.
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From the base juts out a round fold, which is seen to turn in a spiral manner in the umbilicus. The ovate operculum is membranous, its laminae not spiral, having one or two notches to receive the folds of the columella.Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.
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Spatalistis is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. The original description of this genus by Edward Meyrick is: The antennae in the male are simple. Palpi moderately long, porrected, second joint rough-scaled above and beneath. Forewings with tufts of scales on surface, in the male sometimes with expansible brush of hairs from towards costa anteriorly, but without membranous fold; 3 and 4 stalked, 7 to termen.
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The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (pteron) for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (hymen) for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hind wings are connected to the fore wings by a series of hooks.
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Rumex graminifolius is a slender perennial plant that grows from 0.1 m to 0.5 m high, with roots that run right below the surface, as well as a skinny stems and edible pointy, flat leaves. The leaves, when consumed raw, have a bitter taste. The lower leaves have 4 to 6 centimeters in length with long petioles and a membranous ocrea formed of fused, sheathing stipules. The upper ones are inflorescences, flowers and frequently become a bright reddish color.
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Linanthus jonesii is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Jones' linanthus. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. This is a small annual herb producing a hairy, glandular stem no more than about 15 centimeters tall, with several pairs of needle-like, curving leaves. The inflorescence is an open array of vespertine flowers with throats surrounded by membranous, ribbed sepals with needle-like teeth.
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With the ripe fruit, the stems are thicker and corky-warty. The light to dark green colored calyxis is 18 to 32 mm long and has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm. It is tubular or rarely tubular-bellied or puffy, with glandular trichomes or completely hairless, firmly membranous to almost leathery. The calyx teeth are 3 to 8 mm long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, they rest on the petal, the tips are pointed to tapered.
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The point d on the anterior side of the triangle marks the articulation of the radial vein with the second axillary sclerite. The line between d and c is the plica basalis (bf), or fold of the wing at the base of the mediocubital field. At the posterior angle of the wing base in some Diptera there is a pair of membranous lobes (squamae, or calypteres) known as the alula. The alula is well developed in the house fly.
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The wattle is slender shrub or small and spreading tree that grows to a height of about . It has dry and membranous stipules that are usually less than in length. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thin and dark green phyllodes have a linear and are usually straight with a length of and a width of with three to seven main veins with the midvein that is most prominent.
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The plasmodium of myxomycetes, and especially that of Physarum polycephalum is known for its cytoplasmic streaming. The cytoplasm undergoes a shuttle flow rhythmically flowing back and forth, changing direction typically every 100 seconds. Flows can reach speeds of up to 1mm/s. Within the tubular network flows arise due to the cross-sectional contractions of the tubes that are generated by the contraction and relaxation of the membranous outer layer of the tubes enriched with acto-myosin cortex.
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DeWitt's research career covered a variety of topics and organ systems, including the pathology of tuberculosis. She studied muscles extensively, in their pathology and nervous connections, as well as the disease myositis ossificans. Other topics of her research included esophageal anatomy, membranous dysmenorrhea, and the anatomy of connections in the mammalian heart. Her early research, at the University of Michigan, concerned the structure of nerve endings in both sensory nerves and motor nerves of striated muscle and smooth muscle.
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Gills are distantly spaced The cap is white and small, with a diameter typically ranging from . Initially convex to cucullate (hood-shaped), it flattens during maturity, developing visible surface grooves that correspond to the gills underneath the cap; the surface may also be covered with glistening particles, remnants of the partial veil. The cap is pallid gray with a whitish margin when young, but soon becomes white overall. The flesh is membranous, fragile, and thin (less than 0.5 mm).
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Another brown band extends always between the tubercles of the body whorl. The operculum is oval and rounded, membranous and denticulated upon one of its edges. This shell, which is very common, often varies in its form. The whorls are more or less elongated, the longitudinal folds and the transverse striae, sometimes completely disappear upon the body whorl, nevertheless, tubercles remain which cover this shell, and the furrows at the base, which are very well marked.
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The most common tracheal injury is a tear near the carina or in the membranous wall of the trachea. In blunt chest trauma, TBI occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40–80% of the time. The injury is more common in the right main bronchus than the left, possibly because the former is near vertebrae, which may injure it. Also, the aorta and other tissues in the mid chest that surround the left main bronchus may protect it.
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When forming intra- atrial septa, atrio-ventricular valves will begin to grow. A muscular interventricular septum begins to grow from the common ventricle to the atrio- ventricular endocardial cushions. The division begins in the common ventricle where a furrow in the outer surface of the heart will appear the interventricular foramen eventually disappears. This closure is achieved by further growth of the muscular interventricular septum, a contribution of trunk crest-conal tissue and a membranous component.
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Santiago Ramón y Cajal in his laboratory. In the 17th century the Italian Marcello Malpighi used microscopes to study tiny biological entities; some regard him as the founder of the fields of histology and microscopic pathology. Malpighi analyzed several parts of the organs of bats, frogs and other animals under the microscope. While studying the structure of the lung, Malpighi noticed its membranous alveoli and the hair-like connections between veins and arteries, which he named capillaries.
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A pair of thick wings lie atop another set of membranous wings underneath, allowing the rhinoceros beetle to fly, although not very efficiently, owing to its large size. Their best protection from predators is their size and stature. Additionally, since they are nocturnal, they avoid many of their predators during the day. When the sun is out, they hide under logs or in vegetation to camouflage themselves from the few predators big enough to want to eat them.
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Its pelvic fin contains more than three membranous appendages and is a single elongated ray. The stomach has a long caecum, beginning posterior of the abdomen and extending to the end of the body. Muscle is contained in intermuscular septa, with dorsal and ventral septa along with teleost's characteristic horizontal, vertical, and transverse septa. Older R. russelii often have a posterior stump-like tail, which is a consequence of self-amputation but show no signs of regeneration.
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The hermaphrodite flowers are sessile, without bracts and bracteoles. The perianth is very small and consists of five basally connate tepals, these are linear-oblong, curved upwards, with a green center and membranous margins. There are one to three stamens and an ovary with short style and two short stigmas. The fruit is slightly shorter than the adpressed persistent perianth, and about 1–4 mm in diameter, it is disciform, depressed and saucer-shaped and opens circumscissile.
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Amblyopinae is a subfamily of elongated mud-dwelling gobies commonly called eel gobies or worm gobies; it has been regarded as a subfamily of the family Gobiidae, while the 5th edition Fishes of the World classifies it as a subfamily of the family Oxudercidae. The members in the subfamily have two dorsal fins that are connected by a membranous structure and their eyes are highly reduced in size. They are usually pink, red, or purple in coloration.
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Segments VII to X comprise the genitalia of the male (hypopygium), and in the female the terminalia. In some genera, segments VII to X in the female are highly sclerotized and extended into a tube ("ovipositor"). Segments VII and VIII of the male are more or less sclerotized in the genus Megaselia, but otherwise mostly membranous. Tergite 9 the (epandrium) is highly developed and usually fused at least on one side with the hypandrium (sternite 9).
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The branches reduce in size as you go up the stem, starting from the middle. The branches can be long, when compared to Iris albicans (another white flowered iris sometimes called Iris florentina subsp. albicans (Lange) K.Richt.), The stem has 1–2, (scarious) membranous or sub-scarious, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).British Iris Society (1997) At flowering time, the spathes become brown and papery,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) or fully scarious.
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In contrast, the majority of species in the order inhabit moist environments in tropical locations. The Mecoptera are closely related to the Siphonaptera (fleas), and a little more distantly to the Diptera (true flies). They are somewhat fly-like in appearance, being small to medium-sized insects with long slender bodies and narrow membranous wings. Most breed in moist environments such as leaf litter or moss, and the eggs may not hatch until the wet season arrives.
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The small, black, three stemmata (simple eyes) sit just behind the antennae at either end of the head capsule, wide apart from each other at approximately 10 times the width of the eye apart. The inner cutting edges of mandibles are entire, unserrated and slightly sickle shaped, the apex very acute. The mandibles have a partially membranous lobe on the molar part. They are much less wide than that of the adult, and appear to be more highly sclerotised.
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They have a membranous margin, which is tinged with purple, or red. The unbranched, stems hold 2 or 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming late spring, or early summer, between April and May, or between May and June. In the United States, it flowers in mid to southern states between early April to early May and it also flowers in mid to northern states between late April to early June.Allan M. Armitage The scented flowers, are in diameter.
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The larval stage of the beetle typically goes through two instars, the second instar is the longest stage of its entire development, taking up 39% of the overall development time. It takes 5.1 days +/- 0.1 on average for the first instar to develop into the second. The larval form of the insect will range in length from three millimeters to several centimeters. They have a membranous body with a limited amount of sclerotization around the head.
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If the plane were spread flat, it would be about five hundred miles in diameter, and the average thickness would be approximately thirty feet. Air- and water-breathing visitors to Neth can breathe and speak in Neth's fluid normally. If they swim around unnoticed, they might see organ buds larger than city blocks, beings behind membranous capsules, and the humanoid antibodies of Neth mindlessly going about their business. Every part of the living demiplane has a soft, pink glow.
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The pedicels are filiform, curved, pubescent, and hairy above. The spikelets have 1-2 fertile florets which is diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, cuneate, and clumped with its floret callus being glabrous. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous and have acute apexes. Their other features are different; Lower glume is obovate, long and have an erosed apex while the upper one is lanceolate, long and have obtuse apex.
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Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless and membranous while the other features are different; Lower glume is obovate, long and have an erosed apex while the upper one is cuneate, long and have obtuse apex. The species' lemma have ciliated margins that are hairy in the middle. The lemma also have an acute apex and have chartaceous and lanceolated fertile lemma that is long and wide. Its palea have ciliolated keels, is long and have scaberulous surface.
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8 These acts required householders and/or general practitioners to report cases of infectious disease to the local sanitary authority. The following diseases were covered by the acts: smallpox, cholera, diphtheria, membranous croup. erysipelas, scarlatina or scarlet fever, typhus fever, typhoid fever, enteric fever, relapsing fever, continued fever and puerperal fever. Householders or general practitioners who failed to notify a case of one of these diseases was liable to a fine of up to forty shillings.
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To the southeast of its range it is replaced by white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), which is a tree of similar stature, but which differs in the leaf margins not being rolled under, lack of distinct lobes, and lack of membranous wings on seed margins. In the high mountains it is replaced by the smaller and more shrub-like Sitka alder (Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata), and east of the Cascade Mountains by thinleaf alder (Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia).
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The petiole has a gradually sloping front face and rounded upper surface. The rear is broadly attached to gasteral segment I and the distinctly showing helcium is striated. An incomplete fusion line runs along the side of the petiole and gaster, with a thin membranous section present below, while a constriction between segments I and II that rings the full gaster. There is a forward projecting horn on the underside of sternite III that also has distinct striations.
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Unlike plants, fungi and most types of algae, protozoans do not typically have a rigid cell wall, but are usually enveloped by elastic structures of membranes that permit movement of the cell. In some protozoans, such as the ciliates and euglenozoans, the cell is supported by a composite membranous envelope called the "pellicle". The pellicle gives some shape to the cell, especially during locomotion. Pellicles of protozoan organisms vary from flexible and elastic to fairly rigid.
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Closely related to P. subaeruginosa is the poorly known P. tasmaniana; some have considered the two species synonymous. It has been reported growing on dung and dung-enriched woody debris in open areas of Eucalyptus forests.Stamets (1996), p. 160. P. cubensis is a common, dung-loving species that can be readily recognized by its larger size (cap diameter up to ), golden color, and well-formed membranous ring; P. subcubensis is nearly identical, differing only in microscopic characteristics.
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The stem surface is whitish, but will stain a light brown color if handled. In young fruit bodies, the stems have a whitish, membranous ring on the upper half, but the ring does not last long before disintegrating. The flesh is thin (up to 1 mm), whitish, and lacks any appreciable odor. Lepiota babruzalka produces a white spore print. Spores are roughly elliptical to somewhat cylindrical, hyaline (translucent), and measure 5.5–10.5 by 3.5–4.5 µm.
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Measuring long by 2–4 mm thick (expanding to up to 6 mm at the base), the stem is hollow, and has a smooth, fibrillose surface. A membranous, whitish ring is located on the upper portion of the stem, but it does not last long before disintegrating. The whitish flesh is up to thick at the center of the cap, and lacks any distinct odor. All parts of the mushroom will stain a greyish-green color if handled.
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The stem bears a whitish, membranous or fibrillose ring on its upper half that can be moved up and down. The lower surface of the ring is densely covered with fluffy whitish to light brown scales. The stem color is light brown to reddish-brown below the level of the ring, and it has small pyramidal scales scattered about its surface; above the ring, the stem is whitish. There is white mycelium at the base of the stem.
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The fruit bodies of Dentocorticium fungi are annual. They range from effused (crust-like), to effused-reflexed (crust-like with edges curling to form rudimentary caps) or cap-like, with a texture ranging from membranous, to leathery or soft corky. The spore-bearing surface are often tooth-like, bumpy with tubercles, or spiny. In some species the surface is poroid, daedaleoid (maze-like), and sometimes develops irregular ridges or hyphal pegs (bundles of hyphae that project from the hymenium).
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The inner phyllaries are between linear and lanceolate in shape with a purplish colouration towards the apices, while the outer ones are more oblong. All of the phyllaries are strongly unequal with hardened bases, margins that are somewhat scarious (i.e. thin, membranous and dry) as well as fimbriate- ciliate, meaning fringed with hair at the margins. Their apices are rounded to acute in shape, while the surfaces are sparsely haired, though sometimes sparsely covered in stipular glands.
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MOR202 is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD38 for the treatment of anti-PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy, an autoimmune disease affecting the kidneys. In 2017, MorphoSys entered into a regional licensing agreement with I-Mab Biopharma to develop and commercialize MOR202 (called TJ202 by I-Mab) in Greater China. MOR202/TJ202 is currently under investigation by I-Mab in three clinical trials. Otilimab (MOR103/GSK3196165) is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against GM-CSF.
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The hairs on sternum IV are erect and elongated without a noticeable pattern. Its sternum VII is somewhat smaller and slender, its sternum VIII does not have a bulge in the middle, and its sternal disc is small and narrow. With respect to genitalia, the base is moderately short with a gonostylus that is large, flat, and rounded at the tip. There is no membranous lobe that is turned backwards, but there is volsella with prominent lateral ridges.
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The fungus produces spore-bearing fruit bodies, often in large numbers, above ground in summer and autumn. The fruit body cap often has a distinctive conical shape before flattening with age, reaching up to in diameter. Like other boletes, it has tubes extending downward from the underside of the cap, rather than gills; spores escape at maturity through the tube openings, or pores. The pore surface is yellow, and covered by a membranous partial veil when young.
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The palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament) is a broad membranous band, attached above to the distal end of the radius, to the scaphoid, lunate and the triquetrum of the carpal bones in the wrist. Some being continued to the capitate. In addition to this broad membrane, there is a rounded fasciculus, superficial to the rest, which reaches from the base of the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate and triangular bones.
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Cylindrical in shape, it splits down one side to release the seeds, which are ripe from February to June. They are arranged in two rows, with at least four seeds in each row. Each seed is separated from the others by a membranous separator, and has a long rectangular wing, which is much longer than the seed itself. The Dorrigo waratah can be distinguished from other members of the genus Alloxylon by its pinnate adult leaves.
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All species have a palatal valve, a membranous flap of skin at the back of the oral cavity that prevents water from flowing into the throat, oesophagus, and trachea. This enables them to open their mouths underwater without drowning. Crocodilians typically remain underwater for fifteen minutes or less at a time, but some can hold their breath for up to two hours under ideal conditions. The maximum diving depth is unknown, but crocodiles can dive to at least .
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The root of the lung is located at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung. It is nearer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the heart and the trachea. The rib cage is separated from the lung by a two- layered membranous coating, the pleura.
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A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant. Fontanelles allow for rapid stretching and deformation of the neurocranium as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow. Premature complete ossification of the sutures is called craniosynostosis. After infancy, the anterior fontanelle is known as the bregma.
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The filmy-fern is distinct by its thin, one cell thick, membranous fronds, that grow in moist areas. Fronds are pale yellow green, covered in yellow-brown hairs, and 5–25 cm in length. Linear with entire margins, terminal on short lateral segments, with one singular vein in lateral segment; Sori numerous and present at tips of lateral segments (see image below); indusium two lipped, slightly wider than segment; fronds usually distant and often pendant. Stomata are absent.
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It has a twisted and fleshy peduncle, a set of membranous, petal-like stamen appendages around the anthers, and angular black seeds. It reproduces from seed and vegetative means in the form of cormlets. The cormlets are attached to the parent corm by stolons and are sessile, produced in the axils of the old leaf bases on the mature corm. Plants thrive in open disturbed environments, and are a common post-fire succession species in chaparral.
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The spikelets are lanceolate, rather loose, long, showing on all sides of the umbel their sharp apices; they contain sixteen, twenty, and thirty flowers. Each flower has three stamens and a trifid style. The scales are ovoid, truncated at their base, briefly acuminate at the top, membranous, a slightly undulating and torn at the edges. Cyperus dives grows in the wet fields of the Delta: it is grown for cutting, to make mats from the stems split into strips.
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Restoration of a pair of D. macronyx The body structure of Dimorphodon displays many "primitive" characteristics, such as, according to Owen, a very small brain-pan and proportionally short wings. The first phalanx in its flight finger is only slightly longer than its lower arm. The neck was short but strong and flexible and may have had a membranous pouch on the underside. The vertebrae had pneumatic foramina, openings through which the air sacs could reach the hollow interior.
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The flip/flop sequence is one such interchangeable exon. A 38-amino acid sequence found prior to (i.e., before the N-terminus of) the fourth membranous domain in all four AMPAR subunits, it determines the speed of desensitisation of the receptor and also the speed at which the receptor is resensitised and the rate of channel closing. The flip form is present in prenatal AMPA receptors and gives a sustained current in response to glutamate activation.
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The fourth type is a chromoplast which only contains crystals. An electron microscope reveals even more, allowing for the identification of substructures such as globules, crystals, membranes, fibrils and tubules. The substructures found in chromoplasts are not found in the mature plastid that it divided from. The presence, frequency and identification of substructures using an electron microscope has led to further classification, dividing chromoplasts into five main categories: Globular chromoplasts, crystalline chromoplasts, fibrillar chromoplasts, tubular chromoplasts and membranous chromoplasts.
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The chief function of the inner segment is to provide ATP (energy) for the sodium-potassium pump. Finally, closest to the brain (and farthest from the field of view) is the outer segment, the part of the photoreceptor that absorbs light. Outer segments are actually modified cilia that contain disks filled with opsin, the molecule that absorbs photons, as well as voltage-gated sodium channels. The membranous photoreceptor protein opsin contains a pigment molecule called retinal.
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Adult Atalophlebia with the cylindrical dorsal or turban eyes visible Adult mayflies, or imagos, are relatively primitive in structure, exhibiting traits that were probably present in the first flying insects. These include long tails and wings that do not fold flat over the abdomen. Mayflies are delicate-looking insects with one or two pairs of membranous, triangular wings, which are extensively covered with veins. At rest, the wings are held upright, like those of a butterfly.
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The bearskin fescue is a persistent, overwintering green grass with about 20 to 50 centimeters high and bare stalks, which have a diameter of 0.9 to 1.7 millimeters. It has dense horst-like growth with very thin, bristly to rush-shaped, folded leaves that are closed tubularly to one-third to three-quarters of their length. The leaf blades carry five to seven vascular bundles. The ligules are membranous, slightly fringed and about 0.5 to 1 millimeter long.
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The fruit bodies of P. incarnata are resupinate, adnate and membranous, up to 200 μm thick. They start as small colonies but these may later coalesce. The hymenial surface is orange or red to reddish-brown, smooth, continuous and uncracked; the margin is thinner, curled and white or pale orange or red. The base of the fruit body is composed of brown hyphae, with clamp connections, and moderately thick cell walls, measuring 3.2 to 4.5 μm in width.
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Males and females: Upperside, both wings dark fuscous suffused with rich deep violet. Forewing with an outwardly and forwardly arched subcrescentic pale violet or mauve band, commencing beyond the middle of the wing at the costal vein, terminating at the inner angle, and crossed obliquely by a series of three small white spots disposed in a straight line parallel to the outer margin, and placed upon folds of as many consecutive interspaces, the last being between the second and third median vein. Hindwing relatively longer tailed than in Melanitis ismene Cramer, with the membranous parts of the divergent tail almost wholly formed by the produced wing-membrane of the interspace between the second and third median vein, a very narrow anterior membranous edging being contributed by the interspace next in front; and with rather more than the basal two-thirds of its length in front of the discoidal vein and subcostal vein ochreous. Underside: both wings ochreous, obscurely striated with a deeper shade of the same colour, and marked with a submarginal series of inconspicuous brown specks, the probable rudiments of ocelli.
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If the amount is greater than the benthic detritivores can process, the phytodetritus forms a fluffy layer on the surface of the sediment. It accumulates in many shallow and deep water locations throughout the world. Phytodetritus varies in colour and appearance and may be greenish, brown or grey, flocculent or gelatinous. It includes the microscopic remains of diatoms, dinoflagellates, dictyochales, coccolithophores, foraminiferans, phaeodareans, tintinnids, crustacean eggs and moults, protozoan faecal pellets, picoplankton and other planktonic matter embedded in a membranous gelatinous matrix.
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The prophyll is large, splitting and becoming tattered, and armed with pseudo-whorls of black spines. Peduncular bracts are not present in the genus, the first order branches bear distichous, unarmed tubular bracts with fibrous limbs which subtend or wholly enclose, in the staminate spike, the second order branch system. These are subtended by tubular, membranous bracts, the third order rachillae have similar bracts subtending solitary staminate flowers. The staminate flowers are tiny with a tubular calyx divided into three hairy, triangular lobes.
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Upper and lower leaf surfaces are smooth.P. bellidiflora, in Jepson Manual, University of California Press (1993) The terminal inflorescences number four or five solitary, roughly circular heads per plant. Peduncles are wispy, with bell-shaped involucres measuring 3 to 7 millimeters, and they range from glabrous to short-haired. Like all of its genus, P. bellidiflora has green phyllaries in two to three generally equal series, lanceolate to obovate, with margins widely scarious (dry and membranous), and a naked receptacle.
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The antennae have distinct apical clubs formed from the last two antenna segments. The first section of the mesosoma has large membrane extensions on the sides. The semitransparent expansions across the body are interpreted by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani as mechanisms to protect the body and appendages such as the antennae and legs from attack by other ants or arthropods. C. caribicus shares the feature of expanded membranous rear head corners with the modern species Cephalotes scutulatus of Central America.
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NS5A is a large hydrophilic phosphoprotein that is essential for the HCV life cycle and is found in association with virus-induced membrane vesicles, termed the membranous web. NS5A is a proline-rich protein composed of approximately 447 amino acids, which is divided into three domains. These domains are linked by two low- complexity sequences that are either serine- or proline-rich. Domain I is a zinc binding domain and X-ray crystallography studies indicated alternative dimer conformations of domain I of NS5A.
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Male (left) and female of the banded demoiselle, Calopteryx splendens, showing their differently coloured wings The forewings and hindwings are similar in appearance and are membranous, being strengthened and supported by longitudinal veins that are linked by many cross-veins and that are filled with haemolymph. Species markers include quadrangular markings on the wings known as the pterostigma or stigma, and in almost all species, there is a nodus near the leading edge. The thorax houses the flight muscles. Many damselflies (e.g.
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The spine apparatus consists of membranous saccules (discs) and tubules surrounded by wispy filamentous material and is mainly found in large mushroom-shaped dendritic spines. The wispy filamentous material is the cytoskeletal network, mainly f-actin, which is responsible for the maintenance and alteration of spine shape. The spine apparatus is connected to the smooth- surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the dendrite. Consisting of continuous parallel flattened cisternae, the spine apparatus has a large surface area which is important for its function.
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The stem has broad, spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are green in the lower half, and (scarious) membranous or brown and papery, in the upper third of the leaf. The stems (and the branches) hold between 3 and 8, or 9 flowers. Each stem carries 2–3 flowers, at the terminal end of each branch, there is always a single flower per stem. It blooms early in the season, between late spring and early summer, between May, and June.
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Nephrotic syndrome, in which protein from the bloodstream is released into the urine due to kidney diseases, can predispose to thrombosis; this is particularly the case in more severe cases (as indicated by blood levels of albumin below 25 g/l) and if the syndrome is caused by the condition membranous nephropathy. Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) predispose to thrombosis, particularly when the disease is active. Various mechanisms have been proposed. Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis.
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They contain (1) 3-5 herbaceous, unkeeled perianth segments, connate only at base or nearly to the middle, sometimes missing; a circle of 1-5 stamens; and an ovary with 2-4 stigmas. In fruit, the perianth becomes either succulent or dry and hard. The pericarp is membranous and usually adhering to the vertically orientated, broadly ovate to orbicular seed. The seed coat is dark brown to black, its surface can be dull, almost smooth, slightly striate, rugulose, or reticulate.
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This fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension. In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head.
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The spikelets have 1-2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, cuneate, and clumped with both its rhachilla and its floret callus being pubescent. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous and are of the same size as spikelets. Their other features are different; Lower glume is elliptic with an acute apex while the upper one is lanceolate, and have obtuse apex. The species' lemma have ciliated and hairy margins with obtuse apex.
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This leaves its delicate fibrous, mycelial layer as a distinct, membranous, white cup on the underside, with its margin also rayed by slits, the rays attached to the rays of the plant above. When freshly opened, the inner surface of the rays is covered with a fleshy, pale buff, layer of tissue. This layer, when dry, forms the thin, tan or light brown, smooth and nearly complete membrane over the fibrous layer. The underside of the rays is white and smooth.
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Also called sedge-flies or rail-flies, the adults are small moth-like insects with two pairs of hairy membranous wings. They are closely related to the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) which have scales on their wings; the two orders together form the superorder Amphiesmenoptera. The aquatic larvae are found in a wide variety of habitats such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, spring seeps and temporary waters (vernal pools).Glenn B. Wiggins, Larvae of the North American Caddisfly General (Trichoptera), 2nd. ed.
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Olive drupe (left), endocarp (center) and seed (right). Endocarp (from Greek: endo-, "inside" + -carp, "fruit") is a botanical term for the inside layer of the pericarp (or fruit), which directly surrounds the seeds. It may be membranous as in citrus where it is the only part consumed, or thick and hard as in the stone fruits of the family Rosaceae such as peaches, cherries, plums, and apricots. In nuts, it is the stony layer that surrounds the kernel of pecans, walnuts, etc.
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The frontal sinuses are absent at birth, but are generally fairly well developed between the seventh and eighth years, only reaching their full size after puberty.Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 210 The frontal bone is membranous at birth and there is rarely more than a recess until the bone tissue starts to ossify about age two. Consequently, this structure does not show on radiographs before that time. Sinus development begins in the womb, the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are present at birth.
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Like most scale insects, Cylindrococcus exhibits marked sexual dimorphism. Adult females are wingless, practically legless and cylindrical, and about 2–9 mm in length. Adult females of C. casuarinae have large, bulbous membranous lobes where the mid and hind legs would be, whereas C. spiniferus has only sclerotised patches in these areas. Adult females of the two species can also be separated by the semicircular plates with robust spines near the anus of C. spiniferus that are not present in C. casuarinae.
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General structures of sphingolipids Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons. It usually consists of phosphocholine and ceramide, or a phosphoethanolamine head group; therefore, sphingomyelins can also be classified as sphingophospholipids. In humans, SPH represents ~85% of all sphingolipids, and typically make up 10–20 mol % of plasma membrane lipids. Sphingomyelin was first isolated by German chemist Johann L.W. Thudicum in the 1880s.
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The leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin. A membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath. Parts of a right Flowers of Poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets. The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.
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It divides the cavity into a dorsal food pouch, or cibarium, and a ventral salivarium into which the salivary duct opens. It is commonly found fused to the libium. Most of the hypopharynx is membranous, but the adoral face is sclerotized distally, and proximally contains a pair of suspensory sclerites extending upwards to end in the lateral wall of the stomodeum. Muscles arising on the frons are inserted into these sclerites, which distally are hinged to a pair of lingual sclerites.
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Small, floating aquatics with creeping stems, branched, bearing hairs on the leaf surface papillae but no true roots. Leaves are in trimerous whorls, with two leaves green, sessile or short-petioled, flat, entire and floating, and one leaf finely dissected, petiolate, rootlike and pendent. Submerged leaves bearing sori that are surrounded by basifixed membranous indusia (sporocarps). They bear sporocarps of two types, either megasporangia that are few in number (approximately 10), each with single megaspore, or many microsporangia, each with 64 microspores.
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The diagnosis can typically be made from the clinical appearance alone, but not always. As candidiasis can be variable in appearance, and present with white, red or combined white and red lesions, the differential diagnosis can be extensive. In pseudomembraneous candidiasis, the membranous slough can be wiped away to reveal an erythematous surface underneath. This is helpful in distinguishing pseudomembraneous candidiasis from other white lesions in the mouth that cannot be wiped away, such as lichen planus, oral hairy leukoplakia.
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Sheaths are topped with a membranous ligule 6 mm deep. The linear leaf blades are 5–30 cm long and 3–15 mm wide, gradually tapering down at the base and sometimes resembling a petiole. Blades have a margin of stiff minute hairs, and may either be smooth or covered with thin hairs on the leaf surface. The inflorescence may be terminal or axillary, and is composed of two racemes, tightly back to back, and typically 3–12 cm long.
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A black stripe extends from the tail, along the dorsal midline to the head, where it forks at the top of the head in a distinguishing Y-shape leading to the dark rings around both eyes, and sometimes extends down the snout. The dorsal stripe varies in width and darkness. The base of the tail is the same color as the dorsal fur and is usually tipped in black; the tail is bushy. The lemurs' ears are relatively large and membranous.
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Bactrocera carambolae can be difficult to distinguish from other B. dorsalis complex species. This species is generally characterized by a predominantly black thorax, while featuring abdominal segments with brown lateral posterior markings and a medial longitudinal black band over all three tergum. This species also features a yellow scutellum; triangle shaped portion of exoskeleton located between the base of the wings. In addition to other Diptera, this species has one pair of membranous wings, with hind wings reduced to knob-like structures.
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This population also has a red tail, which darkens at the end. Vibrissae are found above the eyes (superciliary), above the mouth (buccal), under the lower jaw (genal), near the top of the jaw (interramal), and on the wrist (carpal). Like mouse lemurs, the ears are large and membranous. Ear size is one differentiating factor between the northern giant mouse lemur and Coquerel's giant mouse lemur, with the former having shorter, rounded ears, while the latter has relatively large ears.
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This led to the hypothesis that some sort of barrier restricted rapid access of the enzyme to its substrate, so that the enzymes were able to diffuse only after a period of time. They described the barrier as membrane-like—a "saclike structure surrounded by a membrane and containing acid phosphatase." An unrelated enzyme (of the cell fractionation procedure) had come from membranous fractions that were known to be cell organelles. In 1955, de Duve named them "lysosomes" to reflect their digestive properties.
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Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata spores Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata is a psilocybin mushroom in the section Stuntzae, having psilocybin and/or psilocin as main active compounds. It is closely related to P. subaeruginascens from Java, P. septentrionalis from Japan, and P. wayanadensis from India. This mushroom was first documented by Richard V. Gaines in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania in June 2003. Although it is sometimes confused with Psilocybe caerulipes, it can be distinguished by its rhomboid spores, larger stature, earlier fruiting season and membranous annulus.
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Yi is a genus of scansoriopterygid dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of China. Its only species, Yi qi (Mandarin pronunciation: ; from and ), is known from a single fossil specimen of an adult individual found in Middle or Late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Hebei, China, approximately 159 million years ago. It was a small, possibly tree-dwelling (arboreal) animal. Like other scansoriopterygids, Yi possessed an unusual, elongated third finger, that appears to have helped to support a membranous gliding plane made of skin.
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These are large, vigorous perennial bulbous geophytes, with numerous wide (>5 cm) and large tapering glabrous leaves that ascend and sheathe the stem. The inflorescences are racemose, and conical or cylindrical, but sometimes corymbose. They bear nodding (rarely erect) flowers with fleshy white or greenish yellow tepals that are fused (rarely free) into a campanulate (bell like) tube that extends about half the length of the flower, but are never fragrant. The bracts are membranous and linear-acuminate, while bracteoles are absent.
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Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121:1313−1318. PFOA and PFOS can also cause membranous damage associated with apoptosis and DNA damage in aquatic organisms (particularly in fish) and negative effect on population growth rate of rotifer. Due to the toxicity of PFOA, major U.S. manufacturers volunteered to phase out production of PFOA by the end of 2015. In addition, the use of perfluoroalkyl ethyl-containing food- contact substances are no longer allowed by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations in January 2016.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis may cause either nephrotic or a nephritic picture. About two-thirds are associated with auto-antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor, but other associations include cancers of the lung and bowel, infections such as hepatitis B and malaria, drugs including penicillamine, and connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Individuals with cerebral shunts are at risk of developing shunt nephritis, which frequently produces MGN. Microscopically, MGN is characterized by a thickened glomerular basement membrane without a hyperproliferation of the glomerular cells.
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This species of aphid can range from a bright greenish-yellow color to an apple green, hence their common name. They have a dark-brown head and thorax, and a yellowish-green abdomen with dusky lateral patches on each segment with a membranous and pale dorsum. They are often confused with Aphis pomi (apple aphid) due to overlapping host plants that they aggregate to; However, they are also morphologically different as A. pomi have marginal tubercles on their lower abdomen while A. spiraecola do not.
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The thecal sac or dural sac is the membranous sheath (theca) or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. The thecal sac contains the cerebrospinal fluid which provides nutrients and buoyancy to the spinal cord. From the skull the tube adheres to bone at the foramen magnum and extends down to the second sacral vertebra where it tapers to cover over the filum terminale. Along most of the spinal canal it is separated from the inner surface by the epidural space.
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The testes are covered by a tough membranous shell called the tunica albuginea. Within the testes are very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules. The tubules are lined with a layer of cells (germ cells) that develop from puberty through old age into sperm cells (also known as spermatozoa or male gametes). The developing sperm travel through the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis located in the mediastinum testis, to the efferent ducts, and then to the epididymis where newly created sperm cells mature (see spermatogenesis).
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Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of plants, though it has also been found in some angiosperms, and even some gymnosperms. The chloroplast peripheral reticulum consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane that extends into the internal stromal fluid of the chloroplast. Its purpose is thought to be to increase the chloroplast's surface area for cross-membrane transport between its stroma and the cell cytoplasm.
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Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KATNA1 gene. Microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits, form the mitotic spindle of a dividing cell and help to organize membranous organelles during interphase. Katanin is a heterodimer that consists of a 60 kDa ATPase (p60 subunit A 1) and an 80 kDa accessory protein (p80 subunit B 1). The p60 subunit acts to sever and disassemble microtubules, while the p80 subunit targets the enzyme to the centrosome.
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The two workers known have body lengths between , and heads that range between . Due to a thin film of gas over workers in both fossils, the coloration they may have had in life was not easily identifiable. The color patterning is visible and lighter colored spots on the head plus four lighter colored spots on the mesosoma are present, but the original coloration of the ants was not identifiable. The head is generally rectangular in outline, with broadly curved rear corners and having membranous extensions.
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The cerebrum remains largely devoted to olfactory sensation in these animals, in contrast to its much wider range of functions in amniotes. In ray-finned fishes the structure is somewhat different. The inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles; these include both the basal nuclei and the various parts of the pallium and may be complex in structure, especially in teleosts. The dorsal surface of the cerebrum is membranous, and does not contain any nervous tissue.
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Katanin p80 WD40-containing subunit B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KATNB1 gene. Microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits, form the mitotic spindle of a dividing cell and help to organize membranous organelles during interphase. Katanin is a heterodimer that consists of a 60 kDa ATPase (p60 subunit A 1) and an 80 kDa accessory protein (p80 subunit B 1). The p60 subunit acts to sever and disassemble microtubules, while the p80 subunit targets the enzyme to the centrosome.
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Iris scariosa is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi- transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
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CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIP2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of cytoplasmic linker proteins, which have been proposed to mediate the interaction between specific membranous organelles and microtubules. This protein was found to associate with both microtubules and an organelle called the dendritic lamellar body. This gene is hemizygously deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23.
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The urogenital sinus is a part of the human body only present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is the ventral part of the cloaca, formed after the cloaca separates from the anal canal during the fourth to seventh weeks of development. In males, the UG sinus is divided into three regions: upper, pelvic, and phallic. The upper part gives rise to the urinary bladder and the pelvic part gives rise to the prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra.
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Scottish mycologist Roy Watling described sequestrate (truffle-like) or secotioid versions of P. semilanceata he found growing in association with regular fruit bodies. These versions had elongated caps, long and wide at the base, with the inward curved margins closely hugging the stipe from the development of membranous flanges. Their gills were narrow, closely crowded together, and anastomosed (fused together in a vein-like network). The color of the gills was sepia with a brownish vinaceous (red wine-colored) cast, and a white margin.
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Trypsin is produced, stored and released as the inactive trypsinogen to ensure that the protein is only activated in the appropriate location. Premature trypsin activation can be destructive and may trigger a series of events that lead to pancreatic self-digestion. In normal pancreas, around 5% of trypsinogens are thought to get activated, therefore there are a number of defenses against such inappropriate activation. Trypsinogen is stored in intracellular vesicles in the pancreas called zymogen granules whose membranous walls are thought to be resistant to enzymatic degradation.
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The spikelets have 2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, lanceolate, clumped and are long. Its rhachilla have scaberulous internodes while the floret callus is glabrous. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, and have acute apexes but have different size and description; Lower glume is obovate and is long while upper one is elliptic and is long. The species' lemma have eciliated margins while its fertile one is chartaceous, elliptic, and is long by wide.
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Trimastix were first described by William Kent in 1881 when he observed a Trimastix cell in a sample sourced from decaying fuci seaweed. He described the genera at the time as free-swimming naked animalcules that are oval, or pear shaped, with a membranous border and three flagella inserted on the anterior end. Kent observed one flagellum facing forwards and two facing backwards. It was also noted in this account that Trimastix had a visually apparent nucleus and contractile vacuole but no visual oral aperture.
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It has 1 acuminate (pointed), spathe (leaf of the flower bud), which is green but often stained purple, with a (scarious) membranous top portion. It can be up to long and is similar in form to Iris griffithii. It has a perianth tube, that is long, green and marked purple. The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower, blooming in mid- to late spring, or summer,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) between April, and May,(by) a Lady William Aiton or June.
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The spikelets have fertile florets that are diminished at the apex while the sterile florets are barren, clumped and orbicular. Both the upper and lower glumes are keelless, membranous, long, and light green in colour. They are also have acute apexes but are different in the amount of veins and other features; Lower glume is 1–3 veined and is ovate while the upper one is only 3–5 veined and is linear. Its lemma have scabrous and tuberculate surface with an obtuse apex.
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The inner segment contains organelles and the cell's nucleus, while the outer segment, which is pointed toward the back of the eye, contains the light-absorbing materials. Unlike rods, the outer segments of cones have invaginations of their cell membranes that create stacks of membranous disks. Photopigments exist as transmembrane proteins within these disks, which provide more surface area for light to affect the pigments. In cones, these disks are attached to the outer membrane, whereas they are pinched off and exist separately in rods.
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Painless passage of blood or protein in the urine may often be the only presenting sign of kidney involvement. Acute or chronic renal impairment may develop with lupus nephritis, leading to acute or end-stage kidney failure. Because of early recognition and management of SLE with immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids, end-stage renal failure occurs in less than 5% of cases; except in the black population, where the risk is many times higher. The histological hallmark of SLE is membranous glomerulonephritis with "wire loop" abnormalities.
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The 'appendages', a bundle of fibres forming tongue-like straps on either side of the leaf-base, are bright mahogany red, and are polished on both sides. It is very long and membranous. The leaf or petiole-bases remain on the trunk for very many years, these have fine, prominent fibres, and slowly disintegrate on the tree as opposed to eventually falling off in one piece. The long inflorescence is unbranched at the base, and does not extend beyond the limits of the crown of leaves.
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According to Tracy, Nureyev said that he had a relationship with three women in his life, he had always wanted a son, and once had plans to father one with Nastassja Kinski. Nureyev learned that he had contracted HIV in 1984. He lived with the disease in secret, occasionally performing but with a marked decline in appearances. He was admitted to the Hôpital Notre-Dame du Perpétuel Secours in Levallois, a suburb northwest of Paris, for pericarditis, an inflammation of the membranous sac around the heart.
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Pemphigus spyrothecae is in the superfamily Aphidoidea, in the hymopterous division of the order Hemiptera, which consists of insects with sucking parts of the mouth. P. spyrothecae is a member of the suborder Sternorrhyncha, which includes scale insects, psyllids, whiteflies, aphids. These organisms have two pairs of membranous wings and a flexible forewing, along with an herbivorous diet. As a member of the family Aphididae, which consists of the aphids or plantlice, this species consists of soft-bodied insects that live in colonies on their host plants.
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Pre- reproductive females are membranous and reddish-brown, once females begin to lay eggs they are globular or kidney-shaped become light to dark brown, and eventually heavily sclerotized. The adult females resemble the bud of their coniferous hosts, hence the name bud scale. Physokermes are difficult to identify to species, as only pre-reproductive females can be used. Once females begin to oviposit, their bodies become distorted and it is not possible to detect the morphological features necessary to identify them to species.
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A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. The dendrites of a single neuron can contain hundreds to thousands of spines.
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Otic vesicle, or auditory vesicle, consists of either of the two sac-like invaginations formed and subsequently closed off during embryonic development. It is part of the neural ectoderm, which will develop into the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. This labyrinth is a continuous epithelium, giving rise to the vestibular system and auditory components of the inner ear.Freyer L, Aggarwal V, Morrow BE. Dual embryonic origin of the mammalian otic vesicle forming the inner ear. Development. 2011;138(24):5403-5414. doi:10.1242/dev.069849.
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The pleural cavity also known as the pleural space, is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (known as visceral and parietal) of each lung. A pleura is a serous membrane which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac. The outer pleura (parietal pleura) is attached to the chest wall, but is separated from it by the endothoracic fascia. The inner pleura (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and adjoining structures, including blood vessels, bronchi and nerves.
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Habituation and classical conditioning to light stimuli have been demonstrated, as has the use of brightness and shape information by males when recognizing potential mates. The retinula (literally, "small retina") cells of the ommatidium of the compound eye contain areas from which membranous organelles of conceivable size (rhabdomeres) extend. Rhabdomeres have tiny microvilli (tiny tubes extending out of the retinula) that interlock with neighboring retinular cells. This forms the rhabdom, which contains the dendrite of the eccentric cell, and may also contribute some microvilli.
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The pronotum is yellow-orange (hence the Latin name flavicollis, meaning 'yellow-necked'), while antennae and distal parts of legs are pale yellow. The male (the king) and the female (the queen) have a more chitinous body, as well two pairs of membranous wings, long, narrow and slightly smoky, essential in the nuptial flight. The wings are held horizontally, overlapping the abdomen when the insect is at rest, so that just one wing is visible. The females are on average a little larger than males.
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Mastigoteuthids range in size from quite small species in the genus Mastigoteuthis, to relatively gigantic sizes in the genus Idioteuthis. However most are rather small, from 3-15 centimetres total mantle length. Their most distinctive features are their extremely elongate tentacles--which retract into membranous lateral sheaths of the fourth (and largest) arms--and their very large ovate fins, which may occupy up to 80% of the mantle length in some species. It is from these 'whip-like' tentacles that their common name derives.
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They are superior to the previously used animal tissues because of their large size and the high rate of mitosis (cell division) in the cell line. This allows the detection of antibodies to mitosis-specific antigens, such as centromere antibodies. They also allow identification of anti-Ro antibodies, because acetone is used for fixation of the cells (other fixatives can wash the antigen away). There are many nuclear staining patterns seen on HEp-2 cells: homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, nuclear membranous, centromeric, nuclear dot and pleomorphic.
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Some species, especially in ponds and very slow-moving waters, have floating leaves which tend to be opaque with a leathery texture. Leaf shape has been found to be highly plastic, with variability due to changes in light, water chemistry, planting depth, sediment conditions, temperature, photo period, waves, and seasonality. All Potamogeton have a delicate membranous sheathing scale, the stipule, at the leaf axil. This may be wholly attached, partly attached, or free of the leaf, and it may have inrolled margins or appear as a tube.
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The four cardiac valves are kept in their place, partly because of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, which is an accumulation of connective tissue. It consists of right fibrous trigone, (along with membranous septum form the central fibrous body), the left right fibrous trigone and the conus tendon. Right fibrous trigone is the strongest part of the skeleton and lies right of the aortic valve and connect it with the mitral and tricuspid valve. It is pierced by the atrioventricular bundle of His.
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The immune complex serves as an activator that triggers a response from the C5b - C9 complements, which form a membrane attack complex (MAC) on the glomerular epithelial cells. This, in turn, stimulates release of proteases and oxidants by the mesangial and epithelial cells, damaging the capillary walls and causing them to become "leaky". In addition, the epithelial cells also seem to secrete an unknown mediator that reduces nephrin synthesis and distribution. Within membranous glomerulonephritis, especially in cases caused by viral hepatitis, serum C3 levels are low.
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It is also shorter than Iris pallida. The stem has glaucous green and ensiform spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are slightly flushed with purple, and before flowering, they become pale brown, (scarious) membranous, and papery, They are 2.5 cm long, and between wide. It has 2 short branches (or pedicels). The stems (and the branches) hold between 2 and 3 flowers, It can have up to 6 flowers, but normally has 3 flowers, in spring, between April to June, or May, to July.
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Bone regeneration in adults appears to mimic bone development during embryogenesis, except for the requirement of inflammation to initiate the regenerative process. Another difference between bone development and regeneration is the decreased number of osteoprogenitor cells during regeneration. During embryogenesis, MSCs aggregate and condense, creating cartilage. Some of these cells differentiate, creating membranous ossification (bone tissue formation) while some committed osteoprogenitor cells from the periosteum (type of osteogenic tissue) and undifferentiated multipotent MSC from the bone marrow lead to callus formation, which aids in fracture healing.
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The ring—located on the upper portion of the stem, from the top—is white, membranous, and long-lasting. The volva remains closely attached to the bulb, although a portion may stretch out like a thin membrane and adhere to the base of the stem before collapsing. The flesh will slowly turn pinkish-brown to chocolate-brown when it has been injured or bruised. Young specimens do not have any distinct odor, but fruit bodies may smell slightly of onions or garlic in age.
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Skull of a new-born child from the side The skull is a complex structure; its bones are formed both by intramembranous and endochondral ossification. The skull roof bones, comprising the bones of the facial skeleton and the sides and roof of the neurocranium, are dermal bones formed by intramembranous ossification, though the temporal bones are formed by endochondral ossification. The endocranium, the bones supporting the brain (the occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid) are largely formed by endochondral ossification. Thus frontal and parietal bones are purely membranous.
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In the bronchi there are incomplete tracheal rings of cartilage and smaller plates of cartilage that keep them open. Bronchioles are too narrow to support cartilage and their walls are of smooth muscle, and this is largely absent in the narrower respiratory bronchioles which are mainly just of epithelium. The absence of cartilage in the terminal bronchioles gives them an alternative name of membranous bronchioles. A lobule of the lung enclosed in septa and supplied by a terminal bronchiole that branches into the respiratory bronchioles.
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Microcotyle victoriae has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle, with a flat slender, symmetrical body, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, distinctly separated from body proper and bears 17-25 pairs of clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two almost circular buccal suckers, provided with a membranous septum at the anterior extremity.
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Preserved alongside skeletal elements is what Luo et al has interpreted as a patagium, or a membranous structure used in gliding or flight assistance. Propatagium, plagiopatagium and uropatagium sub-structures have been identified as well. Morphometric analyses carried out contiguously with another gliding Haramiyid, Maiopatagium furculiferum, from the same locality are consistent with the gliding adaptations of extant mammals and other fossil taxa. The pelage of Vilevolodon is preserved as a mat of carbonized fur and long guard hairs which was compressed upon patagial membranes.
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At the base of the stem is a flattened fleshy corm of 1½2 cm in diameter, which is surrounded by a reddish brown, firm to soft fibrous and membranous tunic, that eventually disintegrates into irregular fragments. Each stem typically carries five to seven leaves. The three or four leaves at the foot of the stem are linear to linear-lanceolate, mostly ½1½ cm wide, commonly reaching to lowest flower or slightly beyond. The two or three leaves higher on the stem are shorter.
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They also have a distinct rib (or midvein) and (scarious) membranous edges. The stems hold between 2 or 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in late spring to early summer, between April to May, or from May to June (in Europe). The fragrant flowers, (with a primrose- like fragrance,) are in diameter, they come in shades of purple, including blue-purple, violet, lavender pink. It has very short pedicels, and a flared, perianth tube of long, and up to 1.5 cm in diameter.
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During maturation of HHV-6 virions, human cell membranes are used to form viral lipid envelopes (as is characteristic of all enveloped viruses). During this process HHV-6 utilizes lipid rafts, which are membranous microdomains enriched by cholesterol, sphingolipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Early researchers suspected that HHV-6 virions mature in the nucleus; some even incorrectly published this, as they generalized and applied to HHV-6 what was known about other viruses. However, researched published in 2009 suggests that the HHV-6 virus utilizes trans-Golgi-network-derived vesicles for assembly.
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Zanthoxylum americanum, the common prickly-ash, common pricklyash, common prickly ash or northern prickly-ash (also sometimes called toothache tree, yellow wood, or suterberry), is an aromatic shrub or small tree native to central and eastern portions of the United States and Canada. It is the northernmost New World species in the citrus family, Rutaceae, and is the type species in its genus, which includes sichuan pepper. It can grow to tall with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of . It produces membranous leaflets and axillary flower clusters.
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They have a delicate appearance and are from twelve to twenty millimetres long with large, membranous, pale green wings which they fold tent-wise above their abdomens. They are weak fliers and have a fluttery form of flight. They are often seen during the evenings and at night when they are attracted by lights. The high green sensitivity of the superposition eyes allows the green lacewings to recognize fresh green leaves that they use to find honey dew produced by aphids, a site for egglaying and a resting place.
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Most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas deferens by the vas efferens, and the two tubular vasa deferentia connect to a median ejaculatory duct that leads to the outside. A portion of the vas deferens is often enlarged to form the seminal vesicle, which stores the sperm before they are discharged into the female. The seminal vesicles have glandular linings that secrete nutrients for nourishment and maintenance of the sperm.
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Physogastrism is a characteristic of certain arthropods (mostly insects and mites), where the abdomen is greatly enlarged and membranous. The most common examples are the "queens" of certain species of eusocial insects such as termites, bees and ants, in which the abdomen swells in order to hold enlarged ovaries, thus increasing fecundity. This means that the queen has the ability to hold more and produce more eggs at one time. Physogastric queens produce an enormous number of eggs which can account for a significant amount of their body weight.
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The statutory requirement for the notification of certain infectious diseases first came into being with the Infectious Disease (Notification) Act 1889, which made reporting compulsory in London and optional in the provinces. Cases of smallpox, cholera, diphtheria, membranous croup. erysipelas, scarlatina or scarlet fever, typhus fever, typhoid fever, enteric fever, relapsing fever, continued fever and puerperal fever had to be reported by the household head or attending doctor to the local authority. The system spread to the rest of England and Wales in 1899 with the Infectious Disease (Notification) Extension Act 1899.
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Female genitalia with a cup-shaped, weakly sclerotised antrum. In its posterior part, the ductus bursae is sclerotised and longitudinally ridged, the anterior part is membranous and gradually widens towards the globular corpus bursae, which contains a minute spine-like signum near the conjunction with the ductus bursae. Based on material collected on Fernandina Island, the known flying period is between January and May, as well as in August, October, and November. The species inhabits various pristine or anthropized habitats ranging from the littoral zone up to 1341 m elevation.
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The external sphincter muscle of male urethra, also sphincter urethrae membranaceae, sphincter urethrae externus, surrounds the whole length of the membranous urethra, and is enclosed in the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. Its external fibers arise from the junction of the inferior pubic ramus and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fascia. They arch across the front of the urethra and bulbourethral glands, pass around the urethra, and behind it unite with the muscle of the opposite side, by means of a tendinous raphe.
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As the blood supply controls the amount of oxygen supplied throughout the body, the circulatory system must respond accordingly. Therefore, compared to a terrestrial mammal of the same relative size, the bat's heart can be up to three times larger, and pump more blood. Cardiac output is directly derived from heart rate and stroke volume of the blood; an active microbat can reach a heart rate of 1000 beats per minute. With its extremely thin membranous tissue, a bat's wing can significantly contribute to the organism's total gas exchange efficiency.
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Sialyl- Lewisx mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, found on neutrophils; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. CD15 is present on almost all Reed–Sternberg cells, including their rare mononuclear variants, and, as such, can be used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of such cells in biopsies. The presence of these cells is diagnostic of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells display a characteristic pattern of Sialyl-Lewisx (CD15) positivity, with membranous staining combined with staining of the Golgi apparatus.
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One queen of A. silvestrii from a Winkler sample has a shred of membranous wing, as though it were irregularly torn or chewed off. Intercaste individuals show variable intermediacy between workers and queens, with variable presence of a single median ocellus, compound eyes of intermediate size, and an enlarged promesonotum. In spite of the relative commonness of these putative reproductives, males and winged queens are rare in Central America. None have appeared in hundreds of Winkler samples, and none have appeared in Malaise samples from the same sites where Adelomyrmex are abundant in the litter.
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However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. For a detailed explanation of the terminology, see Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.Sørensen, M. V. et al. Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha based on morphology and two molecular loci.
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Koch's triangle, named after the German pathologist and cardiologist Walter Karl Koch, is an anatomical area located in the superficial paraseptal endocardium of the right atrium, which its boundaries are the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve. It is anatomically significant because the atrioventricular node is located at the apex of the triangle. Also the elements anatomically near to it are the membranous septum and the Eustachian ridge. This triangle ends at the site of the coronary sinus orifice inferiorly and, continuous with the sub- Eustachian pouch.
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The abdomen is the section behind the metathorax, made up of a series of rings, each with a hole for breathing and respiration, called a spiracle, composing three different segmented sclerites: the tergum, pleura, and the sternum. The tergum in almost all species is membranous, or usually soft and concealed by the wings and elytra when not in flight. The pleura are usually small or hidden in some species, with each pleuron having a single spiracle. The sternum is the most widely visible part of the abdomen, being a more or less sclerotized segment.
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Serpula himantioides is a fungal pathogen within the division Basidiomycota. It produces thin, resupinate (inverted), membranous fan-like basidiocarps that are brownish in color and appear as distinctive fruiting bodies on the exterior of the host. S. himantioides prefers the moist wood of coniferous hosts such as fir, larch, spruce, and pine. It is the causal agent of butt rot disease, the symptoms of which include rotting the heartwood at base of tree, as well as damage to the tap root and cores of lateral roots, but standing trees show no signs of infection.
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It also a common cause of timber rotting in buildings, which has made this pathogen difficult to differentiate from S. lacrymans because of their similarities. This disease often goes unnoticed initially due to a lack of any above ground symptoms of disease. Signs of the pathogen include basidiospores, and fungal masses that are generally dark brown and membranous in the center but become thin white mycelium towards edges of the mass. The brown cubical rot caused by S. himantioides resembles the rots of Phaeolus schweinitzii and S. lacrymans.
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Through this pathway, it is possible to facilitate the movement of essential molecules such as membrane‐bounded vesicles and organelles, mRNA, and chromosomes. Intracellular transport between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum because they possess organelles enclosed in membranes that need to be mediated for exchange of cargo to take place. Conversely, in prokaryotic cells, there is no need for this specialized transport mechanism because there are no membranous organelles and compartments to traffic between. Prokaryotes are able to subsist by allowing materials to enter the cell via simple diffusion.
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The downy birch aphid has a pale green body, lightly dusted with bluish wax particles, membranous wings and long legs. During the spring and summer all adults are females and give birth to live young by parthenogenesis. This aphid is very similar in appearance to its close relative the silver birch aphid (Euceraphis betulae) which lives and feeds exclusively on silver birch trees Betula pendula. At one time they were thought to be the same species but chromosomal differences between the two have been found and they are now considered to be separate species.
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The tibiae of the front legs bear one or more tympani which are used for the reception of sound. The wings lie flat on the body and are very variable in size between species, being reduced in size in some crickets and missing in others. The fore wings are elytra made of tough chitin, acting as a protective shield for the soft parts of the body and in males, bear the stridulatory organs for the production of sound. The hind pair is membranous, folding fan- wise under the fore wings.
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Their margins are narrowly scarious, meaning membranous and dry, or occasionally herbaceous, and often ciliolate, i.e. having minute cilia. The apices, or terminal ends, are obtuse to acute, while the surfaces are glabrous (hairless), somewhat strigillose (with stiff, slender bristles), puberulent (very finely haired), scabrellous (having small rough hairs), strigoso-villous (with stiff soft hairs), or villous (having soft shaggy hairs), and occasionally they are more or less stipitate-glandular. The receptacles, the stalks that attach to the florets, are flat to slightly convex, pitted and epaleate, i.e.
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A striking parallel can be seen in the frog family Leptodactylidae, which has a very diverse reproductive system, including foam nests, non- feeding terrestrial tadpoles and direct development. The Diadectomorphans generally being large animals would have had correspondingly large eggs, unable to survive on land. Fully terrestrial life was achieved with the development of the amniote egg, where a number of membranous sacks protect the embryo and facilitate gas exchange between the egg and the atmosphere. The first to evolve was probably the allantois, a sack that develops from the gut/yolk-sack.
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Sori of Asplenium trichomanes, showing linear arrangement with a thin membranous indusium along one edge Asplenium nidus in habitat: an epiphyte with undivided leaves Members of the family grow from rhizomes, that are either creeping or somewhat erect, and are usually but not always unbranched, and have scales that usually have a lattice-like (clathrate) structure. In some species, for example Asplenium nidus, the rhizomes form a kind of basket which collects detritus. The leaves may be undivided or be divided, with up to four-fold pinnation. The sori are characteristic of the family.
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Nouveau Dictionnaire à Histoire Naturelle, xxiv; cited in Latreille, P.A. (1825).Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique. In this system, reptiles are characterized by traits such as laying membranous or shelled eggs, having skin covered in scales or scutes, and having a 'cold- blooded' metabolism. However, the ancestors of mammals and birds also had these traits and so birds and mammals can be said to "have evolved from reptiles", making the reptiles, when defined by these traits, a grade rather than a clade.
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It is a broad, flat, membranous band, situated slightly posterior on the medial side of the knee joint. It is attached proximally to the medial epicondyle of the femur immediately below the adductor tubercle; below to the medial condyle of the tibia and medial surface of its body. It resists forces that would push the knee medially, which would otherwise produce valgus deformity. The fibers of the posterior part of the ligament are short and incline backward as they descend; they are inserted into the tibia above the groove for the semimembranosus muscle.
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Although freeze fracture studies have revealed that the nodal axolemma in both the CNS and PNS is enriched in intra-membranous particles (IMPs) compared to the internode, there are some structural differences reflecting their cellular constituents. In the PNS, specialized microvilli project from the outer collar of Schwann cells and come very close to nodal axolemma of large fibers. The projections of the Schwann cells are perpendicular to the node and are radiating from the central axons. However, in the CNS, one or more of the astrocytic processes come in close vicinity of the nodes.
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It was first published in John Lindley's 1839 A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony, based on unspecified material. Lindley referred to it as a "strange species" that "has altogether the appearance of some Bupleurum with great membranous bracts." It has since had an uncomplicated taxonomic history, its only synonym being Conospermum lupulinum Endl., which was published by Stephan Endlicher in 1848, but shown to be taxonomically synonymous with C. glumaceum by Eleanor Bennett in 1995, as part of her treatment of Conospermum for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.
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In Calyptratae which includes the most advanced Diptera, the halteres are protected by calyptrae (small membranes above the halteres). The mesothoracic wing is entirely membranous, completely transparent and colourless, or bearing zonal pigmentation useful for recognition. Its surface is divided into three regions: the most developed is the alar (main flight) region, supported by robust wing veins; posteriorly is the anal region; and, finally, in the rear section-proximal, there is an expanded lobiform alula. The alula also termed the axillary lobe is a broad lobe at the proximal posterior margin of the wing stalk.
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The proximal lobe is called the lower calypter (or basicalypter or squamula thoracica). It arises from the furrow between the scutellum and the postnotum as a narrow, membranous ligament and ends where the more distal lobe, termed the upper calypter (or disticalypter or squamula alaris), folds sharply over it (calyptral fold). The upper calypter is usually larger than the lower calypter, but in some groups (Tabanidae, Acroceridae, and many Calyptratae), the lower calypter is larger than the upper one. The calyptral fringe is a fringe of hairs along the posterior margin of each calypter.
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Its ascomata are orange-brown, rounded and measure approximately 100-350 μm in diameter, exclusive of its appendages. Its asci are hyaline and rounded, containing 8 lens-shaped, orange, ascospores, 7 μm in diameter. In addition, their peridial appendages are pale-orange and have a membranous inner layer with an outer layer of orange-brown, septate, thick-walled and prickly hyphae that form a highly ramified mesh-like peridium with anastamosing connections. With its teleomorphic stages being more commonly found, its anamorph state is absent or rare, having large amounts of arthroconidia.
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The etiology of chondroblastoma is uncertain, as there is no specific characteristic abnormality or chromosomal breaking point observed, despite cytogenetic abnormalities being highly specific for some tumors. Romeo et al has noted that chondroblastoma arising in long bones mainly affects the epiphyses, while in other locations it is close to ossification centers. Additionally, rare prevalence of chondroblastoma in intra-membranous ossification suggests a close relationship with growth plate cartilage. In chondroblastoma, growth signaling molecules may be present due to the pre-pubertal signaling network as well as cartilage growth.
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The elytra of this cockchafer beetle are readily distinguished from the transparent hindwings. Parts of the hemelytra of a typical bug An elytron (; from Greek ἔλυτρον "sheath, cover"; plural: elytra ). is a modified, hardened forewing of certain insect orders, notably beetles (Coleoptera) and a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae; in most true bugs, the forewings are instead called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), as only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous. An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
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The tricolate pollen, polar view, showing the three characteristic slitsCaltha obtusa is a small (2–6 cm high), hairless, perennial herb. Plants form mats of rosettes. Its white rhizomes are stout and fleshy. The spade-shaped leaves have slender petioles of 8–12 mm long that form a membranous sheathing base. The leafblade is dark green to yellowish green and sometimes with bronze blotches or streaks, are 8-12 × 7½-11 mm with two lobes at its base, with an indent at its tip and deeply scalloped edges, particularly near the base.
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Caltha scaposa has flowers on stems that grow on after flowering from 7 to 24 cm high, with a thick rootstock that branches into many main roots. Its leaves are in a rosette and consist of a leafstalk and a leafblade. The leafstalk is up to 10 cm long, and has a narrow, membranous and about 2½ cm long sheath at the base. The leafblade is long hart-shaped or sometimes kidney-shaped (1½-3½ x 1–3 cm), with a blunt tip and an entire, scalloped or tooth-bearing margin.
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The genus Stropharia (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible Stropharia rugosoannulata and the blue-green verdigris agarics (Stropharia aeruginosa and allies). Stropharia are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species Stropharia rugosoannulata is regarded as prized and delicious when young, and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates.
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Fruiting takes place between January and March, the fruits becoming mature around March to April, although fruits do not always appear every year. The fruits, which are wind-dispersed, contain a single, oil-rich seed in a conical capsule, which is brown when mature and is surrounded by two unequally-sized membranous ‘wings’, one up to six centimetres long and the other twice that size. Although L. alata needs full sunlight to grow, seedlings can persist for some time in the shady undergrowth and resume growth if breaks in the canopy occur.
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The stem is tall, and slender, with a diameter of . It is white, smooth (glabrous), solid (that is, not hollow internally), and has an abruptly bulbous base with the shape of a flattened sphere; it may develop longitudinal splits on the sides. The base is often attached to a copious white mycelium—a visual reminder that the bulk of the organism lies unseen below the surface. The ring is membranous, and persistent—not weathering away with time; the ring may be attached to the stem with white fibers.
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In total, with the flower, peduncle and stem, the plant can reach up to tall.Stuart Max Walters (Editors) The stems or peduncle hold 1 (or 2 rarely) terminal (top of stem) flowers, in late spring, or early summer, between April and June. The stems have 2 green, lanceolate, membranous spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are 40–70 mm long. The flowers have a slight scent, which is rare for most spuria irises, and they can be up in diameter, and come in shades of violet-blue, violet, purple, or purple-reddish.
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The cap is dry, smooth, and white (but staining yellowish in age), and measures 4 to 15 cm in diameter, convex to flat; often with dirt on the cap. The gills are free, very narrow, close, light pink color when young, becoming dark reddish-brown as the spores mature. The spore print is chocolate brown. The stipe is 3 – 11 cm long, 2 – 4 cm thick, cylindrical to clavate (club-shaped), equal to enlarged at the base, stout, white, smooth, with a membranous veil and thick white mycelial sheathing near the base.
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Plants annual, 10–60(–80) cm. Taproot 2–3 mm thick. Stem solitary, striate, scabrous. Lower petioles 3–8 cm; blade ovate-lanceolate, 3–8 × 2–5 cm, 2–3-pinnate; ultimate segments linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1–1.5 mm, veins and margins scabrous. Umbels 2–3(–5) cm across; bracts 6–10, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, persistent, margins narrowly white membranous, very finely ciliate; rays 8–20(–30), 5–20 mm, unequal; bracteoles 5–9, linear, nearly equal pedicels, margins ciliate; umbellules 15–20-flowered; pedicels 3–5 mm.
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The fetal head, from an obstetrical viewpoint, and in particular its size, is important because an essential feature of labor is the adaptation between the fetal head and the maternal bony pelvis. Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face. The rest of the head is composed of the firm skull, which is made up of two frontal, two parietal, and two temporal bones, along with the upper portion of the occipital bone and the wings of the sphenoid. These bones are separated by membranous spaces, or sutures.
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The scales are obovate, lobed, and fringed, membranous, hairy or smooth, and usually caducous. The male flowers are without calyx or corolla, and comprise a group of four to 60 stamens inserted on a disk; filaments are short and pale yellow; anthers are oblong, purple or red, introrse, and two-celled; the cells open longitudinally. The female flower also has no calyx or corolla, and comprises a single-celled ovary seated in a cup-shaped disk. The style is short, with two to four stigmata, variously lobed, and numerous ovules.
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The gleba of Pisolithus is partitioned into hundreds of membranous chambers. Scleroderma is a simple puffball with a thin outer skin and a powdery gleba at maturity. Diplocystis and Tremellogaster are each distinct in their morphologies: the former comprises compound fruit bodies each with 3–60 spore sacs crowded together, while the latter forms a roughly spherical sporocarp with a thick multi-layered peridium. Calostoma (Greek for "pretty mouth") is morphologically distinct from other gasteroid members, having a fruit body that forms a globed, spore-bearing head composed of a three-layered peridium.
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The human inner ear develops during week 4 of embryonic development from the auditory placode, a thickening of the ectoderm which gives rise to the bipolar neurons of the cochlear and vestibular ganglions. As the auditory placode invaginates towards the embryonic mesoderm, it forms the auditory vesicle or otocyst. The auditory vesicle will give rise to the utricular and saccular components of the membranous labyrinth. They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity.
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The utricular division of the auditory vesicle also responds to angular acceleration, as well as the endolymphatic sac and duct that connect the saccule and utricle. Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth. The vestibular wall will separate the cochlear duct from the perilymphatic scala vestibuli, a cavity inside the cochlea. The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth.
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These collecting ducts then join together to form the minor calyces, followed by the major calyces that ultimately join the renal pelvis. From here, urine continues its flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter, transporting urine into the urinary bladder. The anatomy of the human urinary system differs between males and females at the level of the urinary bladder. In males, the urethra begins at the internal urethral orifice in the trigone of the bladder, continues through the external urethral orifice, and then becomes the prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and penile urethra.
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Each follicle contains one or two fertile seeds, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. Measuring in length, the seed is egg- to wedge- shaped (obovate to cuneate) and composed of a dark brown wide membranous "wing" and wedge- or sickle-shaped (cuneate–falcate) seed proper which measures long by wide. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges, and often glistens. The resulting seedling first grows two obovate cotyledon leaves, which may remain for several months as several more leaves appear.
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William Harvey (1578–1657) and Adriaan van den Spiegel (1578–1625) also studied under Fabricius, beginning around 1598. Julius Casserius would later succeed Fabricius as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua in 1604, and Adriaan van den Spiegel succeeded Casserius in that position in 1615. By dissecting animals, Fabricius investigated the formation of the fetus, the structure of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the peculiarities of the eye, the ear, and the larynx. He was the first to describe the membranous folds that he called "valves" in the interior of veins.
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Until recently, the labrum generally was considered to be associated with first head segment. However, recent studies of the embryology, gene expression, and nerve supply to the labrum show it is innervated by the tritocerebrum of the brain, which is the fused ganglia of the third head segment. This is formed from fusion of parts of a pair of ancestral appendages found on the third head segment, showing their relationship. Its ventral, or inner, surface is usually membranous and forms the lobe-like epipharynx, which bears mechanosensilla and chemosensilla.
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More or less elliptic in shape, they measure long, high, and wide, and mostly remain closed until burnt by fire, although a few may open after several years. They contain two fertile seeds each, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. Measuring in length, the seed is obovate, and composed of a dark brown -wide membranous 'wing' and crescent-shaped (lunate) seed proper which measures long by wide. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges, and often glistens.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Trichoptera The caddisflies are an order, Trichoptera, of insects with approximately 7,000 described species. Also called sedge-flies or rail-flies, they are small moth-like insects having two pairs of hairy membranous wings. They are closely related to Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) which have scales on their wings, and the two orders together form the superorder Amphiesmenoptera. Caddisflies have aquatic larvae and are found in a wide variety of habitats such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, spring seeps, and temporary waters (vernal pools).
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Treatment of RVT mainly focuses on preventing further blood clots in the kidneys and maintaining stable kidney function. The use of anticoagulants has become the standard treatment in treating this abnormality. Membranous glomerulonephritis, the most common cause for nephrotic syndrome in adults, peaks in people ages 40–60 years old and it is twice as likely to occur in men than in women. Since nephrotic syndrome is the most common cause of RVT, people over 40 years old and men are most at risk to develop a renal vein thrombosis.
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Statue of a griffin at St Mark's Basilica in Venice In architectural decoration the griffin is usually represented as a four-footed beast with wings and the head of an eagle with horns, or with the head and beak of an eagle. The statues that mark the entrance to the City of London are sometimes mistaken for griffins, but are in fact (Tudor) dragons, the supporters of the city's arms.The City Arms, City of London Corporation, hosted by webarchive They are most easily distinguished from griffins by their membranous, rather than feathered, wings.
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The shape of the shell is oblong-oval and thin, slightly convex above, and correspondingly concave beneath, with a membranous margin. The apex or nucleus is at the posterior margin but inclined towards the left side, and forming the apophysis by which the shell is organically attached to the animal. The length of the shell is 13 mm (1/2 inch) and the width of the shell is 7 mm (1/4 inch). Shells of different Limacidae species are undiagnostic: in other words, they are not helpful for identification purpose.
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The thorax bears two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs. The wings are long, veined, and membranous, narrower at the tip and wider at the base. The hindwings are broader than the forewings and the venation is different at the base. The veins carry haemolymph, which is analogous to blood in vertebrates and carries out many similar functions, but which also serves a hydraulic function to expand the body between nymphal stages (instars) and to expand and stiffen the wings after the adult emerges from the final nymphal stage.
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The trunk is a multipurpose prehensile organ and highly sensitive, innervated by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and by the facial nerve. The acute sense of smell uses both the trunk and Jacobson's organ. Elephants use their trunks for breathing, watering, feeding, touching, dusting, sound production and communication, washing, pinching, grasping, defence and offence. The "proboscis" or trunk consists wholly of muscular and membranous tissue, and is a tapering muscular structure of nearly circular cross-section extending proximally from attachment at the anterior nasal orifice, and ending distally in a tip or finger.
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The gills of most teleost fish help to eliminate ammonia from the body, and fish live surrounded by water, but most still have a distinct bladder for storing waste fluid. The urinary bladder of teleosts is permeable to water, though this is less true for freshwater dwelling species than saltwater species. Most fish also have an organ called a swim-bladder which is unrelated to the urinary bladder except in its membranous nature. The loaches, pilchards, and herrings are among the few types of fish in which a urinary bladder is poorly developed.
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It is a bush reaching 1.2-1.5 meters in height. Its branches have numerous light brown lenticels. Its oblong, membranous leaves are 16-20 by 6-7.5 centimeters and come to a point at their tip. The mature leaves are hairless on their green upper surface, but have woolly rust colored hairs on their reddish lower surfaces. The leaves have 18-20 secondary veins emanating from each side of their midribs. Its petioles are 5 by 3 millimeters, densely covered in woolly hairs, and have a groove on their upper surface.
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Skeletal restoration E. hui is known from a well-preserved partial skeleton that includes four long feathers on the tail, composed of a central rachis and vanes. However, unlike in modern-style rectrices (tail feathers), the vanes were not branched into individual filaments but made up of a single ribbon- like sheet. Epidexipteryx also preserved a covering of simpler body feathers, composed of parallel barbs as in more primitive feathered dinosaurs. However, the body feathers of Epidexipteryx are unique in that some appear to arise from a "membranous structure" at the base of each feather.
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The surface, in young specimens especially, is frequently floccose (covered with tufts of soft hair), fibrillose (covered with small slender fibers), or squamulose (covered with small scales); there may be fine grooves along its length. The bulb at the base of the stipe is spherical or nearly so. The delicate ring on the upper part of the stipe is a remnant of the partial veil that extends from the cap margin to the stalk and covers the gills during development. It is white, thin, membranous, and hangs like a skirt.
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The heart has a direction from right to left. The rectum and uterus are attached to each other along the branchiae, and terminate in an ear-shaped gutter, produced by the margin of the mantle. The mucous follicles line the upper wall of the cavity. The foot is round, without a marginal furrow, passing down before in form of an ear-shaped shield, and bearing posteriorly a membranous operculum, with laminas destitute of a spire, which possesses one or two notches to slip upon the folds of the columella.
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The male of Oedemera nobilis, as in most Oedemera species, possesses the hind femora very swollen, whereas in female the femora are thin; the elytra are strongly narrowed towards the apexes, not hiding the membranous hind wings. It is bright green, frequently with a golden or coppery shine; some individuals are blue or violaceous. It can only be confused with Oedemera flavipes (which does not live in the British Isles), from which it differs by its colour, as well as by the long white pubescence on the head, pronotum and hind tibiae of males.
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Flowers and fruits of Sclerocactus sileri are very similar to others of the same family, such as S. whipplei or S. pubispinus. The phenology of the flowers from Sclerocactus sileri bloom during the months of April and May, while the fruits during the months of May and June. Flowers are 2.5–3 cm (1-1.2 in) long and 2.5–3 cm in diameter, with a glabrous exterior floral tube. The outer tepals have brownish and yellowish margins, the larger oblanceolate, 10–15 mm long, mucronate, marginally membranous and crisped or minutely toothed.
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The inner tepals are yellow, sometimes suffused with brown, the largest lanceolate, 15–25 mm long and mucronate. The filaments are white or greenish white, 7–10 mm long, anthers yellow, about 1 mm long; style yellowish-green, 14–20 mm long; stigma lobes 5-8 and about 1.2-2.5 mm long; ovary 3–7 mm long at anthesis; scales few, membranous, scarious-margined, minutely toothed or fringed. The fruit is green, turning red, ovoid, dry, and 0.8-2.2 cm long. Fruits extend longitudinally, along two to four ventral slits.
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The membranous wings have distinctive red veins, the pterostigma is orange-brown and there is a large orange-brown splash at the base of the hind wings. The abdomen is fairly broad and is pinkish-violet, with purple markings on the top of each segment and blackish markings on the terminal three segments. Females are a similar size to males but the thorax is brownish and the abdomen is yellow with dark brown markings. The wings of females lack the red veins of males but have similar orange-brown patches.
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P. gibbosus is notable in that it stings its prey in a membranous location on the ventral surface of the abdomen where the venom is quick to incapacitate many major, voluntary muscles. The paralyzing effect of the injected venom is likely due largely in part to a block of the somatic neuromuscular transmission. It has also been established that the venom is not limited exclusively to the natural prey, the honey bee, but also in many other insect species belonging to different orders, including spiders. Only P. triangulum itself and a digger wasp that preys on P. triangulum are immune to the venom.
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The "Mi-Go" are large, pinkish, fungoid, crustacean-like entities the size of a man; where a head would be, they have a "convoluted ellipsoid" composed of pyramided, fleshy rings and covered in antennae. They are about long, and their crustacean-like bodies bear numerous sets of paired appendages. They possess a pair of membranous bat-like wings which are used to fly through the "aether" of outer space.The aether concept attempted to explain the travel of light through space and is now scientifically discredited, but was widely accepted up to about 1900 and was presumably part of Lovecraft's education.
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Calcineurin inhibitors are prescribed for adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a single drug or in combination with methotrexate. The microemulsion formulation is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of severely active RA. It is also prescribed for: psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, acute ocular Behçet's disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult and juvenile polymyositis and dermatomyositis, adult and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, adult lupus membranous nephritis, systemic sclerosis, aplastic anemia, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, atopic dermatitis, severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma, severe ulcerative colitis, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, and dry eye disease, with or without Sjögren's syndrome (administered as ophthalmic emulsion).
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Although UCH-L1 protein expression is specific to neurons and testis/ovary tissue, it has been found to be expressed in certain lung-tumor cell lines. This abnormal expression of UCH-L1 is implicated in cancer and has led to the designation of UCH-L1 as an oncogene. Furthermore there is evidence that UCH-L1 might play a role in the pathogenesis of membranous glomerulonephritis as UCH-L1 de novo expression in podocytes was seen in PHN, the rat model of human mGN. This UCH-L1 expression is thought to induce at least in part podocyte hypertrophy.
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George Montagu's introduction, "in hopes of advancing knowledge of the subject",Montagu, 1802. p. i mentions Thomas Pennant as being "diffuse on the subject" of ornithology, as well as Dr. Latham's General Synopsis of Birds and his Index Ornithologicus.Montagu, 1802. p. ii He then introduces the anatomy of birds, separating those with a cartilaginous stomach or gizzard, and those with a membranous stomach; those that incubate their young, and the cuckoo that does not; with remarks on instincts such as carrying shell fragments away from the nest, birdsong, and feet adapted for different purposes, such as climbing or swimming.
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In the four colonies where intact eggs were eaten, one of the two most fecund queens was among the top two egg eaters. A L. acervorum queen eats eggs by picking up the egg with her mandibles and manipulating it against her mouthparts with her forefeet. She pierces the egg's membranous skin and laps the egg's fluid through the hole. When the contents of the egg are emptied, typically after a few minutes, the queen will then discard the remaining skin by either dropping it to the floor or placing it on the mouthparts of a larva (which then eats the skin).
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When this pressure exceeds the elasticity of the tissues, they burst; thus the membranous part of the trachea is more commonly affected by this mechanism of injury than cartilaginous portions. The second mechanism may occur when the chest is suddenly decelerated, as occurs in vehicle accidents, producing a shearing force. The lungs are mobile in the chest cavity but their movement is more restricted near the hilum. Areas near the cricoid cartilage and carina are fixed to the thyroid cartilage and the pericardium respectively; thus if the airways move, they can tear at these points of fixation.
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The prostatic urethra, the widest and most dilatable part of the urethra canal, is about 3 cm long. It runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; the form of the canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion. A transverse section of the canal as it lies in the prostate is horse-shoe- shaped, with the convexity directed forward. The keyhole sign, in ultrasound, is associated with a dilated bladder and prostatic urethra.
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Thus, having an underlying system of medical knowledge was a practical way to organize the knowledge coherently for the students. Like many prominent medical figures in the 18th century, William Cullen took a great interest in the nervous system. He defined the nervous system as an "animated machine" whose main function is to "perform a variety of motions," communicate and interact with "external bodies." Cullen believed that the nervous system was composed of four elements: the medullary substance, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, the membranous nerves, the sensory nerves, and the muscular fibers.
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The ring is membranous, superior, skirt-like, flaring then collapsing, pale yellowish white to cream to white, slightly more yellow underneath, with a thickened edge. The volva is absent or present as rings of yellow-brown warts on the bulb or brilliant yellow loose patches appressed to the stem and are large, friable, detersile, sometimes lost during collecting. The flesh is white or slightly pink, hollow or partially hollowed in the middle to stuffed. The spores measure 7.8-11.0 (0.78-1.1 mm) × 5.4-7.0 (0.54-0.70 mm) µm and are ellipsoid to elongate (infrequently broadly ellipsoid) and amyloid.
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Amphidraus is a genus of South American jumping spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1900. It was previously considered a synonym of Nebridia, but this was later rejected by Jerzy Prószyński, who claimed that merging the two genera wasn't supported by previous diagnostic drawings. Members of this genus most closely resemble those of Marma and the monotypic genus Yacuitella. All three genera have a projection on the embolic disc that is independent from the embolus and a conductor on the distal retro-ventral region of the cymbium, though it is membranous in Amphidraus and Yacuitella and sclerotized in Marma.
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The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e., they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. The internal iliac lymph nodes also drain the superior half of the rectum, above the pectinate line. It does not receive lymph from the ovary or testis, which drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes.
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Size of leaves: width 1 to 2.5 cm, length 6 – 12 cm. The underground part of the stem has two tubers each one more or less deeply divided into several lobes (a characteristic of the genus Dactylorhiza), the first one plays the important functions of supplying the stem, while the secondary ones collect nutrient materials for the development of the plant that will form in the coming year. The inflorescence is long and it is composed of flowers gathered in a dense spike. The flowers grow in the axils of bracts that ae membranous and lanceolate-shaped.
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European hornet, Vespa crabro Like all insects, wasps have a hard exoskeleton which protects their three main body parts, the head, the mesosoma (including the thorax and the first segment of the abdomen) and the metasoma. There is a narrow waist, the petiole, joining the first and second segments of the abdomen. The two pairs of membranous wings are held together by small hooks and the forewings are larger than the hind ones; in some species, the females have no wings. In females there is usually a rigid ovipositor which may be modified for injecting venom, piercing or sawing.
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These leaves are 8-20 in length, 6–13 cm in width, with an upper surface glabrous and the lower with short hispid hairs, with five main veins branching from the base and with a slightly wavy (sinuolate) margin (edge). The base of these leaves is cordate and they end in an obtuse (dull) or acute (sharp) apex (point). There are 1 or 2 small leaves on the stem (of the inflorescence) which have very tiny petioles with a short and membranous ochrea. The plant flowers in narrow greenish-purple panicles which branch in two only on the lower part of the inflorescence.
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The mouthparts are partly retractable, with simple chewing mandibles and long maxillary palps. Archaeognatha differ from Zygentoma in various ways, such as their relatively small head, their bodies being compressed laterally (from side to side) instead of flattened dorsiventrally, and in their being able to use their tails to spring up to into the air if disturbed. They also are unique among insects in possessing small, articulated "styli" on the hind (and sometimes middle) coxae and on sternites 2 to 9, which some authorities consider to be vestigial appendages. They have paired eversible membranous vesicles through which they absorb water.
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Most of the species have brush-like flowerheads enclosed in four or more membranous to fleshy spathe bracts which usually match the flower colour and, like sepals, protect the flowerheads from damage and desiccation. The flowers produce abundant nectar and pollen and a faint smell unattractive to humans. Fruits are mostly globose and when ripe, range through bright red, to pink, orange and white, and are usually aromatic. Three of the species, H. albiflos, H. deformis and H. pauculifolius are evergreen; these three species have bulbs that are only partly buried, the exposed section often turning bright green.
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The adult N. lecontei has membranous wings and a broad waist and is between long, with the males being somewhat smaller than the females. Males have feathery antennae while females have serrated ones with nineteen segments. Males are entirely black and are more slender than the robust females, which have reddish-brown heads and thorax, and mainly black abdomens, sometimes with white on the sides. The larvae resemble the caterpillars of lepidopterans; young larvae are whitish with brown heads while older larvae are yellowish-green with up to eight longitudinal rows of black spots, and brown heads.
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The Christmas Island duck-beak is an erect, tufted grass, 250–700 mm tall, with the stems often branched and the nodes smooth. The leaves are 30–110 mm long, 2.5–7 mm wide and are scattered along the stem. The two bristly racemes are 15–50 mm long, with long and hairy pedicels and rachis, and with paired, sessile spikelets 4.5 mm long and distinctly awned. The glumes are leathery at the base; the lower, bidentate glume has two membranous wings in the apical half; the upper glume has a winged keel towards the apex and a 6 mm awn.
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The cap may persist after the spore mass is dispersed and form a disc-like unit that slides down the stalk like a ring. The fragile sac-shaped volva is up to broad, unattached to the stalk, and formed by two distinct, separated tissue layers. The inner layer resembles the scales of the stem, consisting of hyphae that are 3–18 µm in diameter, closely arranged (nearly parallel), septate, sparsely branched, yellowish ochre, with clamps at some septa. The outer layer of fungal tissue is thicker, membranous, sometimes with a corky texture when dry, and dirty white.
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The bracts of the flower are generally arranged in three rows of unequal length, with similar grades of size, and range in shape with the bract being egg-shaped with broader end at base (ovate) to the bract being egg-shaped with the narrow end at base (obovate). The bracts are 4 to 5 millimetres long and have dry and membranous margins. The receptacle or floral axis has conspicuous oblong (having a length greater than width) scales between the flowers. The ray-flowers are female in 1 row, with about 25 ligules which are narrow, blue and are an estimated 10 millimetres long.
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Mitochondria and other membranous organelles are normally enriched in the PNP region of peripheral myelinated axons, especially those large caliber axons. The actual physiological role of this accumulation and factors that regulate it are not understood; however, it is known that mitochondria are usually present in areas of the cell that expresses a high energy demand. In these same regions, they are also understood to contain growth cones, synaptic terminals, and sites of action potential initiation and regeneration, such as the nodes of Ranvier. In the synaptic terminals, mitochondria produce the ATP needed to mobilize vesicles for neurotransmission.
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Bracts at the base ovate and lengthened to a long point, up to 6 cm long with broad membranous margins. Pedicels 2 – 3 cm long, sepals green, later yellow with about 30 ribs, during ripening enlarging to a length of 10 – 12 mm and fully covering the aggregate fruit. Petals white, 5 – 8 mm long, corolla 1.6 - 1.8 cm in diameter, about 30 stamens. Aggregate fruit 1 - 1.5 cm in diameter, achenes clariform about 3 mm long x 1 mm wide, usually with 3 facial ribs and 3 glands in an oblique row in the upper half of the body.
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The stems also have 2 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are membranous, green and ventricose (swollen or inflated), They can be long. It has several short branches (or pedicels) near top of the plant. The stems (and the branches) hold between 2 and 3 flowers,Donald Wyman blooming in late spring and early summer, between April and May, or between May and June. In the United States, it flowers in mid to southern states between early April to early May and it also flowers in mid to northern states between late April to early June.
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The flowers are unisexual, the plants can be monoecious or dioecious. Male flowers form an interrupted spike or subcapitate inflorescence of glomeruled, ebracteate flowers. These consist of 4 basally connate perianth segments, that are ovate or elliptic, membranous and abaxially hairy; and 4 stamens with oblong anthers and linear, exserted filaments. Female flowers sitting single or paired axillary, enclosed by 2 hairy bracteoles, that are connate in the lower part, compressed to slightly keeled, with 4 hornlike tips; a perianth is missing, the female flowers consist just of an ovary with a short style and 2 elongated stigmas.
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The eyes are placed on the sides of the head and are visible from above, but not from below. The mouth is subterminal and its width is anywhere between 40-60% of the head length. They have three pairs of barbels, one pair of maxillary barbels and two pairs of mental barbels; the medial mental barbels are slightly shorter than the lateral mental barbels, which are in turn slightly shorter than the slender maxillary barbels. The anal fin is moderately long, beginning about halfway down the body, with the posterior- most anal fin rays with a slight, membranous attachment to the body.
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Marasmius rotula is a common species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, it is commonly known variously as the pinwheel mushroom, the pinwheel marasmius, the little wheel, the collared parachute, or the horse hair fungus. The type species of the genus Marasmius, M. rotula was first described scientifically in 1772 by mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli and assigned its current name in 1838 by Elias Fries. The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, of M. rotula are characterized by their whitish, thin, and membranous caps up to wide that are sunken in the center, and pleated with scalloped margins.
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In tiger moths, the tymbals are modified regions of the thorax, and produce high- frequency clicks. In lesser wax moths the left and right tymbals emit high frequency pulses that are used as mating calls. The paired tymbals of a cicada are located on the sides of the abdominal base. The "singing" of a cicada is not stridulation as in many other familiar sound-producing insects like crickets (where one structure is rubbed against another): the tymbals are regions of the exoskeleton that are modified to form a complex membrane with thin, membranous portions and thickened "ribs".
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These rods are responsible for scotopic (night) vision, our most sensitive motion detection, and our peripheral vision. Vertebrate photoreceptors are composed of a photosensitive outer segment, an inner segment that contains the cell's metabolic machinery (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, mitochondria), and a synaptic terminal at which contacts with second-order neurons of the retina are made. The photosensitive outer segment is connected to the inner segment by a modified, nonmotile cilium, and consists of a series of discrete membranous discs that are apparently derived from the plasma membrane in the region of the connecting cilium.Besharse, J.C., & Pfenninger, K.H. (1980).
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The semicircular canals of the inner ear serves as a sense organ for balance and controls the reflex for gaze stabilization. The inner ear has three canals on each side of the head, and each of the six canals encloses a membranous duct that forms an endolymph-filled circuit. Hair cells in the duct's auditory ampulla pick up endolymph disturbances caused by movement, which register as rotatory head movement. They respond to body sway of frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz and trigger the vestibulocollic (neck) reflex and vestibuloocular (eye) reflex to recover balance and gaze stability.
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The hypotrichs are a group of ciliated protozoa, common in fresh water, salt water, soil and moss. Hypotrichs possess compound ciliary organelles called "cirri," which are made up of thick tufts of cilia, sparsely distributed on the ventral surface of the cell. The multiple fused cilia which form a cirrus function together as a unit, enabling the organism to crawl along solid substrates such as submerged debris or sediments. Hypotrichs typically possess a large oral aperture, bordered on one side by a wreath or collar of membranelles (small membranous structures made up of fused cilia), forming an "adoral zone of membranelles," or AZM.
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A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the brain, demonstrating the appearance of a meningioma The investigations completed at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen in 2003 by Alfred Czarnetzki, Carsten M. Pusch and Erwin Schwaderer, showed that the owner of the skull suffered from a meningioma, which is an arachnoid tumor. Meningiomas are a diverse set of tumors that arise from the meninges, which is the membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. The slow-growing tumor had a size of 51 mm × 43 mm × 25 mm and a volume of . It is believed that this tumor may have caused headaches.
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The outer tissue layer of Calostoma cinnabarinum (shown) is gelatinous. Fruit bodies, technically known as gasterocarps, form spherical spore-bearing heads with a peridium (outer tissue layer) made of two to four clearly defined layers of tissue. The outermost peridial layer is a thick gelatinous or shiny cuticle, which during maturity peels away to reveal the brightly colored peristome that has a star-shaped pore through which spores may escape. The innermost layer of the peridium is papery and membranous, and remains attached to the outer layers only at the apex of the star-shaped apical pore or slit.
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Unlike the other two intercostal muscles, the external intercostal muscle does not retain its muscular character all the way to the sternum, and so the tissue in this location is called the external intercostal membrane. The fibers of the external intercostal muscles run downward and forward between adjacent ribs. Each muscle begins posteriorly at the tubercles of the ribs and extends anteriorly to the costochondral junction, the junction between the costal cartilage and the sternal end of the rib. The muscle between the costal cartilages is replaced by a membranous layer called the external intercostal membrane.
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Smooth muscle bundles pass on either side of the urethra, and these fibers are sometimes called the internal urethral sphincter, although they do not encircle the urethra. Further along the urethra is a sphincter of skeletal muscle, the sphincter of the membranous urethra (external urethral sphincter). The bladder's epithelium is termed transitional epithelium which contains a superficial layer of dome-like cells and multiple layers of stratified cuboidal cells underneath when evacuated. When the bladder is fully distended the superficial cells become squamous (flat) and the stratification of the cuboidal cells is reduced in order to provide lateral stretching.
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Size comparison of a gray mouse lemur to a human. The gray mouse lemur shares many traits with other mouse lemurs, including soft fur, a long tail, long hind limbs, a dorsal stripe down the back (not always distinct), a short snout, rounded skull, prominent eyes, and large, membranous, protruding ears. It has large eyes and a tapetum lucidum to enhance its vision at night. The dorsal coat is brownish-gray with various reddish tones, the flanks are light gray to beige, and the ventral fur has discrete dull beige or whitish-beige patches along portions of the belly.
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There are suggestions that depletion forces may be a significant contributor in some biological systems, specifically in membrane interactions between cells or any membranous structure. With concentrations of large molecules such as proteins or carbohydrates in the extracellular matrix, it is likely some depletion force effects are observed between cells or vesicles that are very close. However, due to the complexity of most biological systems, it is difficult to determine how much these depletion forces influence membrane interactions. Models of vesicle interactions with depletion forces have been developed, but these are greatly simplified and their applicability to real biological systems is questionable.
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The calyx is persistent and encloses the fruit except in species such as Passerina ericoides, in which the fruit is berry-like and expands until it protrudes out of the tube. A flower bears eight stamens of unequal length, the longest being the length of the calyx-lobes, but all protrude out of the calyx. The flowers lack of any noticeable scent, their protruding stamens, and their mop-like stigmata suggest their adaptation to wind pollination, in contrast to the petals and night scent of Struthiola. In most species the fruit is membranous, but some species, e.g.
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Almost all species have some form of membranous wings, except for a few that have reduced wings or are wingless. Mating and the laying of eggs are carried out by adults, normally near or on host plants for the larvae. Like most other insects, butterflies and moths are holometabolous, meaning they undergo complete metamorphosis. The larvae are commonly called caterpillars, and are completely different from their adult moth or butterfly forms, having a cylindrical body with a well-developed head, mandible mouth parts, three pairs of thoracic legs and from none up to five pairs of prolegs.
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The "Mi-Go" are large, pinkish, fungoid, crustacean-like entities the size of a man; where a head would be, they have a "convoluted ellipsoid" composed of pyramided, fleshy rings and covered in antennae. They are about long, and their crustacean-like bodies bear numerous sets of paired appendages. They possess a pair of membranous bat-like wings which are used to fly through the "aether" of outer space.The aether concept attempted to explain the travel of light through space and is now scientifically discredited, but was widely accepted up to about 1900 and was presumably part of Lovecraft's education.
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Maculae flavae are located at the anterior and posterior ends of the membranous parts of the VF. The histological structure of the macula flava is unique, and Sato and Hirano speculated that it could play an important role in growth, development and aging of VF. The macula flava is composed of fibroblasts, ground substances, elastic and collagenous fibers. Fibroblasts were numerous and spindle or stellate-shaped. The fibroblasts have been observed to be in active phase, with some newly released amorphous materials present at their surface. From a biomechanical point of view, the role of the macula flava is very important.
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Denticetopsis can be distinguished from other genera of Cetopsinae by a number of characteristics. The margin of the caudal fin is either shallowly forked and symmetrical or obliquely truncate. The outer most rays are no more than one and one-half times the length of the inner most rays; in other genera of Cetopsinae, these rays are one and three-quarters to two times the length of the innermost rays. The medial most pelvic-fin ray has a membranous attachment to the body for the basal third to fourth of its length instead of the basal-most half of its length.
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They later, grow up to long and 6 mm wide (at seed and capsule growth time). The leaves has a visible mid-vein. It has a deep green, slender, hollow flowering stem, that grows up to between long. Although, the stem base can be slightly reddish. The stem is unbranched and have between 2–4 green with a reddish-brown edge, lanceolate spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which measure 5.5–6 cm long and 1–1.2 cm wide, and can be membranous in form. The spathes surround 2 flowers in early spring to early summer, May and June.
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The second main possibility is the "maniraptor model", in which the styliform element was pointing towards the body, reinforcing the trailing edge of a narrow membrane, possibly widened by feathers, on the top or the underside, sticking out. A last configuration would be the "frog model", the styliform bone enlarging a membranous hand plane, like that used by flying frogs. In this last case, no membrane would have formed an inner wing but possibly the arm feathers would have generated some lift. A preliminary analysis was made of the flight characteristics of the bat model and the maniraptor model.
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The outer bracts are ovate and covered in silky-pubescent hairs, and grow until they become long and leaf-like. The inner bracts are oblong to spathulate-oblong, are fringed with ciliate hairs along their margins, have the same type of silky-pubescent indumentum on their outside surfaces and are the same length as the actual flowers. The plant is monoecious, both sexes occur in each flower. The petals and sepals of the florets are fused into a tube-like, 23.3mm long perianth- sheath which is membranous, dilated and glabrous at the very base, but otherwise largely covered in reddish pubescence.
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Congenital TBM is present from birth. Acquired TBM often has no clear cause but is frequently found together with other pulmonary diseases like Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as Gastroesophageal reflux disease. TBM can be caused by damage to the support cartilage or membranous wall of the trachea, this can be the result of physical trauma (such as from prolonged Tracheal intubation) or pathological changes caused by inflammatory diseases like Relapsing polychondritis. People with heritable connective tissue disorders like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome seem to have at an increased risk of both congenital and acquired TBM.
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Their margins are membranous and ciliate (fringed with hairs). The inner bracts longer than the actual flowers and are shaped obtuse, in-curved at their tops, slightly concave and covered in minute pubescent hairs on their outsides. The petals and sepals of the flowers are fused into a 19mm long perianth-sheath. This sheath is dilated, having three keels and three veins at its base, and reddish, pilose hairs on the outside of the very top of the sheath, where it has a 5mm long lip with the underside covered in a few, stiff, setose (bristly) hairs of a reddish colour.
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It then bends a little backward and is shortly joined by a duct from the spermatheca. Spermatheca is a small oval membranous sac, lying between the lobes and at the front margin of the mucous gland. The duct, which is short and slender, passes from one end of the sac, and, at the point where the duct is united to the oviduct, it is joined by a tube which comes from the external orifice immediately within the female opening. This tube is the vagina or copulatory channel, and is cemented to the upper wall of the female channel.
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When ready to emerge from the water, nymphs vary in length, depending on species, from . The head has a tough outer covering of sclerotin, often with various hard ridges and projections; it points either forwards or downwards, with the mouth at the front. There are two large compound eyes, three ocelli (simple eyes) and a pair of antennae of variable lengths, set between or in front of the eyes. The mouthparts are designed for chewing and consist of a flap-like labrum, a pair of strong mandibles, a pair of maxillae, a membranous hypopharynx and a labium.
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Volvopluteus fruit bodies vary from relatively small (cap in diameter) to large (cap in diameter), are pluteoid (i.e. with free lamellae and discontinuous context of cap and stipe) and have a membranous white volva at the base of the stipe. The cap is ovate when young and then expands to convex or flat, it is always viscid to gelatinous when fresh and has white, grey or grey-brown color. The gills are free from the stipe and they start out as white but they soon change to pink and then pinkish-brown as the spores are being produced.
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The versions by Guillaume and Joseph are strikingly similar at first glance and appear inspired by the same human model. For each, the fallen angel sits on a rock, sheltered by his folded wings; his upper torso, arms, and legs are nude, his center-parted hair nape-length. The veined, membranous wings are articulated like a bat's, with a prominent thumb claw; the knobby, sinewy olecranon combines bat and human anatomy to create an illusion of realism.Soo Yang Geuzaine et Alexia Creusen, "Guillaume Geefs: Le Génie du Mal (1848) à la cathédrale Saint-Paul de Liège," Vers la modernité.
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B. canadensis carapace Bothriolepis had a slender trunk that was likely covered in soft skin with no scales or markings. The orientation that appears to have been most stable for resting was dorsal surface up, evidenced by the flat surface on the ventral side. The trunk's outline suggests that there may have been a notochord present surrounded by a membranous sheath, however there is no direct evidence of this since the notochord is made up of soft tissue, which is not typically preserved in the fossil record. Similar to other antiarchs, the thoracic shield of Bothriolepis was attached to its heavily armored head.
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The caudal tail was elongated, ending in a narrow band, but is unfortunately rarely preserved in fossils. Although there is no agreed upon explanation of their function, Bothriolepis also had two membranous, ventral frills located on the posterior end of the trunk carapace on either side of the tail that each have two distinct regions. There is no evidence that the frills were involved in support of the skeleton but it is possible that they either functioned as fins or were involved in reproduction, and may have even been present in one sex but not the other.
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The mouth is small, transverse and oval. The lips are simple, and the two pairs of labial appendages are straight and elongated. The retracting muscle of the trachea of the right side has an oval form, and is continued upon the abdomen by becoming thin and uniting with the mantle. That of the left side is of an irregular, oval form, and adheres by its internal surface to a membranous, elastic fold which arises from the internal opening of the large trachea, enlarging as it continues, and terminates by a semicircle which exceeds by many lines the retractor muscle of that trachea.
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Calochortus raichei is a perennial herb from a membranous coated bulb, producing a stem which is typically 2 - 5 dm tall, but can reach 1 meter tall in some years. The gray basal leaf is up to 40 centimeters long, typically withered at flowering; there may be smaller leaves farther up the stem. The herbage of the plant is generally very waxy in texture. The inflorescence typically bears only one or two nodding flowers as the side branches usually do not develop, but in favored sites the side branches may produce additional flowers (3 - 12), spherical in shape with their petal tips touching.
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Perilymph and endolymph have unique ionic compositions suited to their functions in regulating electrochemical impulses of hair cells necessary for hearing. The electric potential of endolymph is ~80-90 mV more positive than perilymph due to a higher concentration of potassium cations (K+) in endolymph and higher sodium (Na+) in perilymph. This is referred to as the endocochlear potential. Perilymph is the fluid contained within the bony labyrinth, surrounding and protecting the membranous labyrinth; perilymph resembles extracellular fluid in composition (sodium salts are the predominate positive electrolyte) and, via the cochlear aqueduct (sometimes referred to as the "perilymphatic duct"), is in continuity with cerebrospinal fluid.
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C. stellatus is a sessile barnacle that attaches to rocks and other firm materials in the intertidal zone using its membranous base. It is basically cone-shaped but can assume a more tubular shape in a crowded colony. Like other sessile barnacles, as an adult C. stellatus is a suspension feeder that stays in its fixed shell and uses its feathery, rhythmically beating appendages – actually modified legs – to draw plankton and detritus into its shell for consumption. The chalky white shell of C. stellatus has a kite- shaped opercular opening when it is a juvenile and an oval operculum opening when it is an adult.
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The squamosal bones arch around to form the curved back of the skull, and bear a ridge on top for attachment of neck muscles. There is also a ridge at the point where the two bones fuse. A cast of the braincase shows impressions of the semicircular canals and membranous inner ear, as well as canals of the hypoglossal, accessory, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves, which can also be observed on the bony exoccipital-opisthotic of the braincase. On the imperfectly-preserved lower jaw, the coronoid eminence seems to be relatively low, judging by the narrow and slightly curved top edge of the surangular bone.
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Immature fruiting bodies of two different mushrooms encased in a universal veil - deadly poisonous Amanita phalloides (left) and edible Amanita caesarea (right) The white patches on the caps of these Amanita muscaria mushrooms are remnants of universal veils. In mycology, a universal veil is a temporary membranous tissue that fully envelops immature fruiting bodies of certain gilled mushrooms. The developing Caesar's mushroom (Amanita caesarea), for example, which may resemble a small white sphere at this point, is protected by this structure. The veil will eventually rupture and disintegrate by the force of the expanding and maturing mushroom, but will usually leave evidence of its former shape with remnants.
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The external iliac lymph nodes are lymph nodes, from eight to ten in number, that lie along the external iliac vessels. They are arranged in three groups, one on the lateral, another on the medial, and a third on the anterior aspect of the vessels; the third group is, however, sometimes absent. Their principal afferents are derived from the inguinal lymph nodes, the deep lymphatics of the abdominal wall below the umbilicus and of the adductor region of the thigh, and the lymphatics from the glans penis, glans clitoridis, the membranous urethra, the prostate, the fundus of the urinary bladder, the cervix uteri, and upper part of the vagina.
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Lymph node tissue showing trabeculae Thin reticular fibers (reticulin) of reticular connective tissue form a supporting meshwork inside the node. The lymph node capsule is composed of dense irregular connective tissue with some plain collagenous fibers, and a number of membranous processes or trabeculae extend from its internal surface. The trabeculae pass inward, radiating toward the center of the node, for about one-third or one-fourth of the space between the circumference and the center of the node. In some animals they are sufficiently well-marked to divide the peripheral or cortical portion of the node into a number of compartments (nodules), but in humans this arrangement is not obvious.
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The Midnight Gospel revolves around a spacecaster named Clancy Gilroy, who lives on the Chromatic Ribbon, a membranous, tape-like planet situated in the middle of a colorful void where simulation farmers use powerful bio-organic computers to simulate a variety of universes from which they harvest natural resources and new technology. Each episode revolves around Clancy's travels through planets within the simulator, with the beings inhabiting these worlds as the guests he interviews for his spacecast. These interviews are based on actual interviews, with real audio derived from Trussell's podcast, The Duncan Trussell Family Hour. The episodes typically end with an apocalyptic event from which Clancy barely manages to escape.
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Furthermore, it has been shown that a majority of reductive dehalogenase activities lie within the extracellular and membranous components of D. ethenogenes, indicating that dechlorination processes may function semi-independently from intracellular systems. Currently, all known dehalococcoides strains require acetate for producing cellular material, however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood as they appear to lack fundamental enzymes that complete biosynthesis cycles found in other organisms. Dehalococcoides can transform many highly toxic and/or persistent compounds. This includes tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) which are transformed to non-toxic ethene, and chlorinated dioxins, vinyl chloride, benzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols and many other aromatic contaminants.
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Apparently, the grouping of tardigrades with nematodes found in a number of molecular studies is a long branch attraction artifact. Within the arthropod group (called panarthropoda and comprising onychophora, tardigrades and euarthropoda), three patterns of relationship are possible: tardigrades sister to onychophora plus arthropods (the lobopodia hypothesis); onychophora sister to tardigrades plus arthropods (the tactopoda hypothesis); and onychophora sister to tardigrades. Recent analyses indicate that the panarthropoda group is monophyletic, and that tardigrades are a sister group of Lobopodia, the lineage consisting of arthropods and Onychophora. The minute sizes of tardigrades and their membranous integuments make their fossilization both difficult to detect and highly unusual.
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A drawing of the type-species, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli The origin of the name Pseudorhabdosynochus merits an explanation. ‘Pseudo-’ (from Greek ψευδής, pseudes, "lying, false") is a prefix commonly used in creating a new scientific name for a taxon that superficially appears to be a taxon, but actually is another. The famous Japanese parasitologist Satyu Yamaguti described a ‘membranous plaque’ on the posterior region of Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli and created the generic name Pseudorhabdosynochus in reference to the diplectanid genus Rhabdosynochus which, in his interpretation, also had lateral plaques. It has been shown later that ‘plaques’ in P. epinepheli was an erroneous interpretation of damaged specimens.
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Beginning of the interventricular septum shown at 28 days The interventricular septum is the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, from one another. The ventricular septum is directed obliquely backward to the right, and curved with the convexity toward the right ventricle; its margins correspond with the anterior and posterior longitudinal sulci. The greater portion of it is thick and muscular and constitutes the muscular interventricular septum. Its upper and posterior part, which separates the aortic vestibule from the lower part of the right atrium and upper part of the right ventricle, is thin and fibrous, and is termed the membranous ventricular septum.
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Triton is a member of the Inhuman race, artificially mutated by the Terrigen Mist, giving him scaly greenish skin, a small dorsal fin running from the base of the skull to the forehead, membranous fins extending from his temples, and webbing between his toes and between his fingers. Triton is able to breathe water, to swim at great speeds, and to withstand the pressures of the deep sea. He cannot naturally breathe air and needs near- constant contact with water to survive, and cannot exist out of water without artificial aids. His resistance to deep sea pressure also gives him superhuman strength and speed underwater.
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Tricholoma vernaticum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma native to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The fungus was originally described in 1976 as a species of Armillaria when that genus was more inclusive; it received its current name twenty years later. The stout fruit bodies (mushrooms) have moist white to grayish caps (later becoming grayish- brown with age), a membranous ring on the stipe, and an odor resembling cucumbers. Mycorrhizal with conifers, the fungus fruits in the spring or early summer, with its mushrooms appearing on the ground singly or in groups at high elevations, often at the edge of melting snowbanks.
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Adult Lepidoptera have two pairs of membranous wings covered, usually completely, by minute scales. A wing consists of an upper and lower membrane which are connected by minute fibres and strengthened by a system of thickened hollow ribs, popularly but incorrectly referred to as "veins", as they may also contain tracheae, nerve fibres, and blood vessels.. The membranes are covered with minute scales which have jagged ends or hairs and are attached by hooks. The wings are moved by the rapid muscular contraction and expansion of the thorax. The wings arise from the meso- and meta-thoracic segments and are similar in size in the basal groups.
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Closeup of spore sac showing detail of peristome (above) and supporting stalk (below) As in all Geastrum fungi, the internal spore-producing gleba is enclosed in the peridium, a protective structure composed of four layers of tissue: an inner endoperidium, and outer exoperidium that may further be divided into an external mycelial, a tough and membranous middle fibrillose layer, and an internal fleshy layer (known as the pseudoparenchyma). The immature, unopened fruit body is roughly spherical to somewhat flattened or irregular in shape. It lies partly or wholly submerged, encrusted with debris. The expanded fruit body is usually taller than it is wide, about high, with mycelial cup included about .
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The membranous myelin sheath that surrounds and electrically insulates many nerve cell axons is particularly rich in sphingomyelin, suggesting its role as an insulator of nerve fibers. The plasma membrane of other cells is also abundant in sphingomyelin, though it is largely to be found in the exoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane. There is, however, some evidence that there may also be a sphingomyelin pool in the inner leaflet of the membrane. Moreover, neutral sphingomyelinase-2 – an enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin into ceramide - has been found to localise exclusively to the inner leaflet, further suggesting that there may be sphingomyelin present there.
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The orifice of the aquæductus vestibuli is the hind part of the medial wall; it extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the endolymphatic duct, which ends in a cul-de- sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. On the upper wall or roof, there is a transversely oval depression, the recessus ellipticus, separated from the recessus sphæricus by the crista vestibuli already mentioned. The pyramid and adjoining part of the recessus ellipticus are perforated by a number of holes (macula cribrosa superior).
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The great morphological similarities between all species of the C. major complex has proven to be a difficulty for the distinction of its closely related species. The C. major has a carapace with a rigid anterior margin, turning backwards to the linea thalassinica (an uncalcified membranous groove, in the complex's case distinctly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body) and forwards to the rounded angles of the branchiostegal lung. The sternum is inconspicuous between the first and third pairs of pereopods. The complex has a flanked rostrum, with characteristically obtuse angles near the base of the eyestalks, which in turn almost reach the basal segment of the antennules' peduncles.
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During gestation, the shark embryos develop in membranous egg-cases contained within the body of the mother shark, when the infant sharks emerge from their egg capsules in the uterus they feed on yolk until birth. The frilled-shark embryo is long, has a pointed head, slightly developed jaws, nascent external gills, and possesses all fins. When the embryo is long, the mother shark expels the egg capsule, at which developmental stage the frilled shark's external gills are developed. Throughout embryonic development, the size of the yolk sac remains constant, until the shark embryo is long, whereupon the sac shrinks until disappearing when the embryo has grown to in length.
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It belongs to the white rot fungi and is a medium-sized agaric having a very open and convex cap, almost flat, with a diameter of . Underneath, it has numerous whitish radial plates adherent to the foot, later turning to a brownish-grey colour, and light elliptic spores of 8–11 by 5–7 micrometres. The white fibre foot is generally curved, having a membranous ring on the top part which promptly turns to tobacco colour due to the falling spores. When very young, its colour may be reddish-brown and later turn to a light brown colour, more ochre towards the centre, whiter around its border.
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The tibia and femur cease to be important sites of hematopoiesis by about age 25; the vertebrae, sternum, pelvis and ribs, and cranial bones continue to produce red blood cells throughout life. Up to the age of 20 years RBCs are produced from red bone marrow of all the bones (long bones and all the flat bones). After the age of 20 years, RBCs are produced from membranous bones such as vertebrae, the sternum, ribs, scapulas, and the iliac bones. After 20 years of age, the shaft of the long bones becomes yellow bone marrow because of fat deposition and loses the erythropoietic function.
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Fruit-bodies are mostly epigenous (above ground), rarely hypogeous (underground), more or less spherical in shape, without a stem or with an irregular root-like stem. The peridium (outer wall) is mostly simple, rarely 2-layered, firm, rarely thin, membranous, breaking open irregularly or in lobes or decaying, revealing the gleba. The gleba typically has sharply defined basidia-bearing sectors, which are partitioned from one another by sterile veins, and in which the basidia are regularly scattered through the tissue. The gleba, which is brown or white in young specimens, turns dark purple to brownish purple in age, and crumbles to a powder of spores and disintegrating tissues at maturity.
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Ectomesenchyme (also known as mesectoderm):Kalcheim, C. and Le Douarin, N. M. (1998). The Neural Crest (2nd ed.). Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press. odontoblasts, dental papillae, the chondrocranium (nasal capsule, Meckel's cartilage, scleral ossicles, quadrate, articular, hyoid and columella), tracheal and laryngeal cartilage, the dermatocranium (membranous bones), dorsal fins and the turtle plastron (lower vertebrates), pericytes and smooth muscle of branchial arteries and veins, tendons of ocular and masticatory muscles, connective tissue of head and neck glands (pituitary, salivary, lachrymal, thymus, thyroid) dermis and adipose tissue of calvaria, ventral neck and face Endocrine cells: chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, glomus cells type I/II.
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The leaf has a different texture on each side; the abaxial (top) side of the leaf is hairy while the adaxial (bottom) side is smooth. The leaf's blade has an inversely-ovate to oblong-round shape and is approximately 4 to 7 centimeters long and approximately 1 millimeter wide. The upper sides of the leaves have a hairy, shaggy texture with glandular hairs, while the undersides of the leaves have thread-like trichomes that measure 2 to 2.5 millimeters long and are of golden color. The stipules are rectangular and have membranous schlitzblättrig with the slit measuring up to 7 millimeters long and about 6 millimeters wide.
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The genus Allium are herbaceous geophytes is characterised by bulbs enclosed in membranous tunics, that may become fibrous and may be carried on rhizomes, with tepals that are free or almost free, and a subgynobasic style. The majority of species produce cysteine sulphoxides that are the source of their distinctive garlic and onion odor and taste. About twenty species are grown as edible crops, such as onions, garlic and leeks, while others are foraged from the wild, such as ramps. Many species are xerophytic and the over 850 species are found almost exclusively in the Northern hemisphere, being particularly diverse in the warm dry summers and cool wet winters of the Mediterranean.
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While there is no fossil evidence for such a sail, studies have shown that a membranous attachment to the bony crest would have imparted aerodynamic advantages. However, in the actual description of the fossils, paleontologist Christopher Bennett argued against the possibility of a membrane or soft tissue extension to the crest. Bennett noted that the edges of each prong were smooth and rounded, and showed no evidence for any soft- tissue attachment points. He also compared Nyctosaurus with large-crested tapejarids, which do preserve soft tissue extensions supported by prongs, and showed that, in those species, the attachment points were obvious, with jagged edges where the transition from bone to soft tissue occurred.
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Surprisingly, the enzyme activity was increased to normal of that of the fresh sample. The result was the same no matter how many times they repeated the estimation, and led to the conclusion that a membrane- like barrier limited the accessibility of the enzyme to its substrate, and that the enzymes were able to diffuse after a few days (and react with their substrate). They described this membrane-like barrier as a "saclike structure surrounded by a membrane and containing acid phosphatase." It became clear that this enzyme from the cell fraction came from membranous fractions, which were definitely cell organelles, and in 1955 De Duve named them "lysosomes" to reflect their digestive properties.
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Male genitalia of Lepidoptera The main component of the male reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. The more primitive apterygote insects have a single testis, and in some lepidopterans the two maturing testes are secondarily fused into one structure during the later stages of larval development, although the ducts leading from them remain separate. However, most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas deferens by the vas efferens, and the two tubular vasa deferentia connect to a median ejaculatory duct that leads to the outside.
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Together with a well-developed layer of mycelium, the rays are typically bound to fragments of earth or forest duff. Close-up of pedicel and underside of spore sac The tough and membranous endoperidium comprising the spore sac, purple-brown in color and tall by wide, is supported by a small stalk—a pedicel—that is 3–4 mm long by 7–10 mm wide and which has a grooved (sulcate) apophysis, or swelling. This ring-shaped swelling is made of remnants from a tissue called the pseudoparenchymatous layer. When fresh, the pseudoparenchymatous layer is whitish in color, thick and fleshy; it dries to become brown to dark brown while shrinking and often splitting and peeling.
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The Archive of Cava de' Tirreni Abbey The Codex diplomaticus cavensis (CDC bibliographic abbreviation; in Italian: the diplomatic code of the Cavense, or Cavese) is an editorial project active in the field of the history of medieval Italy and Langobardia Minor, which began in 1873 and continued with an irregular trend. The project pursues the objective of exhaustive publication of the entire diplomatic and documentary corpus kept in the archive of the Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Trinity, located in Cava de 'Tirreni. The consistency of the archive spans over 15,000 parchments, starting with the first writing that dates back to 792. To this membranous patrimony there is to be added a substantial amount of documents on paper.
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The main component of the male reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. The more primitive apterygote insects have a single testis, and in some lepidopterans the two maturing testes are secondarily fused into one structure during the later stages of larval development, although the ducts leading from them remain separate. However, most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas deferens by the vas efferens, and the two tubular vasa deferentia connect to a median ejaculatory duct that leads to the outside.
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The first and second segments of the abdomen are membranous and soft, the latter being longer than the first, and almost twice as long as the third, fourth and sixth segments. The third, fourth and sixth segments have approximately the same length, although the fifth is slightly longer than its adjacent segments. Distinctly for its genus, C. major is gonochoristic. The vestigial signs of ancestral hermaphroditism (namely, the production of unused ovaries by males and additional gonopores in females) in C. macrotelsonis and the fully functional hermaphroditism in sister species such as C. seillacheri, however, implies that the genus Callichirus may have a unique case of crustacean basal, but not universal, hermaphroditism.
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The indusium griseum, (supracallosal gyrus, gyrus epicallosus) consists of a thin membranous layer of grey matter in contact with the upper surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate cortex. On either side of the midline of the indusium griseum are two ridges formed by bands of longitudinally directed fibers known as the medial and lateral longitudinal striae. The indium griseum is prolonged around the splenium of the corpus callosum as a delicate layer, the fasciolar gyrus, which is continuous below with the surface of the dentate gyrus. Toward the genu of the corpus callosum it curves down along the rostrum to form the subcallosal gyrus.
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But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP. In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).
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Both head and thorax are clad in short hairs, but no bristles are on the body. The membranous forewings are clear, uniformly shaded grey or brown, or patterned in some species; they have a basal lobe (or calypter) that covers the modified knob-like hindwings or halteres. The tips of the legs have two lobes on the sides (pulvilli) and a central lobe or empodium in addition to two claws that enable them to grip surfaces. Species recognition is based on details of head structures (antennae, frons, and maxillae), the wing venation and the body patterning; minute variations of surface structure cause subtle alterations of the overlying hairs which alters the appearance of the body.
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Hymenophyllum rarum (Hymen-O-FIL-lum rare-um), the narrow filmy-fern, is a species of fern from the family Hymenophyllaceae. This thin-leaved fern is commonly found in New Zealand and Tasmania, growing in patches on rocks and is epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, growing in moist gullies or rainforests. A rather drought tolerant species often found at exposed sites ranging from coastal to montane areas. Forming extensive, interwoven and creeping patches with its thin long (creeping) rhizomes sparsely covered in red-brown hairs, easily recognised by its membranous grey-green fronds, the smooth margins of the pinnae, ultimate segments and indusia; and by the sunken sori in the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae.
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It is a bush 0.3 to 1 meters in height. Its membranous, narrow leaves are 4-18 by 1-6 centimeters. The tips of its leaves can come to a point, be rounded, or be slightly indented. Its leaves are hairless and blueish green on their upper surface and have paler lower surface covered in dense, fine hairs. Its leaves have 5-7 orange to red secondary veins emanating from either side of their midribs. Its petioles are 0.8-10 millimeters long and have a groove. Its solitary flowers are on hairy, extra-axillary pedicels that are 0.8-2.5 centimeters long. The peduncles are covered in fine woolly hairs. Its triangular sepals are 2.5-3 by 3-4 millimeters.
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5) The membrane has been reflected from the internal aspect of the inferior portion of the sinus cavity; one can now visualize the bony floor of the sinus cavity without its lining membrane (note the triangular ridge of bone within the sinus, known as an Underwood's septum). 6) The newly formed space within the bony cavity of the sinus yet inferior to the intact membrane is grafted with human cadaver allograft bone. The floor of the sinus will now be roughly 10mm or so more superior than it was before, providing enough room to place dental implants into the edentulous site. In anatomy, the Schneiderian membrane is the membranous lining of the maxillary sinus cavity.
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The inflorescences consist of glomeruled male flowers arranged in interrupted axillary or terminal spikes or panicles, and of female flowers in terminal and axillary interrupted panicles. Male flowers are without bracteoles, comprising 4-5 membranous perianth lobes 1–1.8 mm long, connate to the middle, with hooded tips, and 4-5 stamens opposite to perianth lobes, inserted on a disc, with non-exserting anthers. The female flowers are sitting within 2 opposite bracteoles, a perianth is lacking, they consist just of an ovary with 2 filiform, exserted stigmas. In fruit, the bracteoles enclosing the fruit become accrescent, folded along the midribs and connate nearly to the apex, 4–14 × 3–15 mm.
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The cylindrical stem is wrinkled, dark brown at the base and becoming gradually lighter toward the top, and is filled with up to 1 mm-long, spore-like bodies. The solid or membranous peridium is yellow, often transparent om thin areas, thickened and deeper beneath, surviving as an initially shallow calyculus. The capillitium from the mass is olive to olive-yellow and is composed of non-overgrown, simple or branched, deeply olive-yellow, 5 to 6 µm thick elaters, which stand in relief as three to five overhanging spiral strands and become pointed towards the end. The spore mass is olive-yellow to olive, in transmitted light appearing pallidly olive-yellow, occasionally paler.
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The spongy urethra (cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra) is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum of the penis. It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the pubic symphysis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward. It is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae.
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Description: Flowers nodding, resupinate. Pedicellate ovary terete, to 4 cm long. Sepals and petal dark wine red, spotted white toward the base, membranous; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, to 1.6 cm wide and 7 cm long; petals narrowly ovate, acuminate, to 1.4 cm wide and 6 cm long. Labellum 3-lobed, to 1.6 cm wide and 3 cm long, with a central plate-like callus between the lateral lobes, this callus with two-teeth-like backward and forward projections, the forward projection lightly bifid, a series of irregular, fleshy papillae between the plate-like callus and the base; lateral lobes, falcate, acute, the lateral margins thickened; midlobe trullate, the margins ciliate in the apical half, the upper and lower surface and the margins pailose, the apex rounded, slightly concave.
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There is a growing body of evidence that reduced activity of the GNE enzyme in the sialylation pathway in kidney tissue could contribute to several glomerular kidney diseases, due to the lack of the Neu5Ac terminal sugar on several kidney glycoproteins. Three kidney diseases that affect both children and adults are minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy (MN). These diseases are characterized by proteinuria (protein in the urine) and in the case of FSGS, a tendency to progressive scarring of the glomerulus (the filtering units of the kidneys) that leads to end-stage kidney disease. Several therapies are available for these diseases, but these therapies do not provide lasting reduction in proteinuria for many subjects and there can be severe side-effects.
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They are acaulescent or sometimes shortly caulescent plants, with a size of 6–8 cm high. The leaves 4–9 cm long; with pods 0.6–1 cm wide, densely patent fabric; narrow triangular sheets, 0.3-0.4 cm wide, dense lepidota indument, foliaceous bracts; compound inflorescence (of simple appearance due to the reduction of the spikes to 1 flower), with 1-3 flowers, primary foliaceous bracts, much longer than the spikes, floral bracts 3 cm long, longer than the sepals and covering them in the anthesis, ecarinated, inconspicuously nervate, glabrous, membranous, sessile flowers; sepals are 2 cm long, free, the posterior carinate, the anterior ecarinated; purple petals. Capsules are 2.5-4.5 cm long.Cáceres González, DA, K. Schulte, M. Schmidt & G. Zizka. 2013.
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Deduct the fantasy anachronism of the assailants being Medieval knights, and you get a chillingly accurate prediction of a typical First World War battle.... The modern soldiers of 1914 with their bayonets had no more chance to win such a fight than Twain's knights".George Hardy, "Visions in a dark mirror" in Mary Wheatley (ed.), "The Beginnings of Science Fiction" One frequently overlooked aspect of the book is the emotional intensity felt by Hank towards his family: wife Sandy and baby Hello-Central. Twain's own son, Langdon, died of diphtheria at the age of 19 months, which was likely reflected in Hello- Central's membranous croup. Twain also outlived two of his three daughters, but they both died after the completion of "Yankee.
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The labrum is a broad lobe forming the roof of the preoral cavity, suspended from the clypeus in front of the mouth and forming the upper lip. On its inner side, it is membranous and may be produced into a median lobe, the epipharynx, bearing some sensilla. The labrum is raised away from the mandibles by two muscles arising in the head and inserted medially into the anterior margin of the labrum. It is closed against the mandibles in part by two muscles arising in the head and inserted on the posterior lateral margins on two small sclerites, the tormae, and, at least in some insects, by a resilin spring in the cuticle at the junction of the labrum with the clypeus.
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DPB is distinguished by the presence of lesions that appear on X-rays as nodules in the bronchioles of both lungs; inflammation in all tissue layers of the respiratory bronchioles; and its higher prevalence among individuals with East Asian lineage. DPB and bronchiolitis obliterans are two forms of primary bronchiolitis. Specific overlapping features of both diseases include strong cough with large amounts of often pus-filled sputum; nodules viewable on lung X-rays in the lower bronchi and bronchiolar area; and chronic sinusitis. In DPB, the nodules are more restricted to the respiratory bronchioles, while in OB they are often found in the membranous bronchioles (the initial non-cartilaginous section of the bronchiole, that divides from the tertiary bronchus) up to the secondary bronchus.
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This is a form of a monochasium where the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis. There are typically two cincinni present, with the lower cincinnus bearing 2 to 4 flowers, while the upper cincinnus has one to several flowers. The upper cincinnus is generally exerted on specimens with larger spathes, but it may be included in specimens with smaller spathes. The upper cincinnus bears only male flowers and has a longer peduncle, while the lower cincinnus bears bisexual flowers on a shorter peduncle. The pedicels supporting single flowers, and later the fruits, are thick and curved and measure about 3 to 5 mm. The membranous sepals are inconspicuous at only 3 to 4 mm in length.
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While the vast majority of cicadas call from above the ground, two Californian species, Okanagana pallidula and O. vanduzeei are known to call from hollows made at the base of the tree below the ground level. The adaptive significance is unclear as the calls are not amplified or modified by the burrow structure but it is thought that this may avoid predation. Although only males produce the cicadas' distinctive sounds, both sexes have membranous structures called tympana by which they detect sounds, the equivalent of having ears. Males disable their own tympana while calling, thereby preventing damage to their hearing; a necessity partly because some cicadas produce sounds up to 120 dB (SPL) which is among the loudest of all insect-produced sounds.
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The narrow filmy-fern is distinct by its long thin, creeping rhizome, membranous fronds, that grow in moist areas. Fronds are pale grey- green, and the entire plant is glabrous (devoid of hairs). Fronds are pendant and up to 15 cm long; stipe to 20–70 mm long, very thin, black; rachis winged in the uppermost section of the frond; lamina 1-pinnate 1–2-pinnatifid, pale green, and up to 100 mm in length and 10–25 mm wide, with no toothed margins. Solitary sori borne at apex of segments, and sunken at the base but not tubular; a whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding the inflorescence or at the base of an umbel, shaped like a rhomboid, apex rounded or obtusely angled; receptacle slender, included.
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The posterior ligament is thin and membranous, and consists of transverse and oblique fibers. Above, it is attached to the humerus immediately behind the capitulum and close to the medial margin of the trochlea, to the margins of the olecranon fossa, and to the back of the lateral epicondyle some little distance from the trochlea. Below, it is fixed to the upper and lateral margins of the olecranon, to the posterior part of the annular ligament, and to the ulna behind the radial notch. The transverse fibers form a strong band which bridges across the olecranon fossa; under cover of this band a pouch of synovial membrane and a pad of fat project into the upper part of the fossa when the joint is extended.
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The cap of A. spreta measures around 58 – 154 mm (5.8 - 15.4 cm) wide, with whitish or pallid tints of gray and/or brown at first, often darkening to gray-brown or brown-gray, often darkest in the center, often white or nearly white at the margin, having minute colorless spots and/or giving the impression of densely placed radial fibers embedded in the cap skin. In addition, the cap is broadly campanulate to plano-convex, and eventually has a large umbo in a slight depression. The cap is viscid to tacky and dull to shiny to subshiny with drying, and it has a decurved, short- striate margin. The volva is either absent or present as white to pale gray, scant, irregular patches, soft to smooth, easily removable, and membranous.
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The antebrachial fascia (antibrachial fascia or deep fascia of forearm) continuous above with the brachial fascia, is a dense, membranous investment, which forms a general sheath for the muscles in this region; it is attached, behind, to the olecranon and dorsal border of the ulna, and gives off from its deep surface numerous intermuscular septa, which enclose each muscle separately. Over the flexor muscles tendons as they approach the wrist it is especially thickened, and forms the volar carpal ligament. This is continuous with the transverse carpal ligament, and forms a sheath for the tendon of the palmaris longus which passes over the transverse carpal ligament to be inserted into the palmar aponeurosis. Behind, near the wrist-joint, it is thickened by the addition of many transverse fibers, and forms the dorsal carpal ligament.
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The prey is caught with the tarsi and immobilized as a result of the paralysis caused by the injection of saliva. The asilid pierces the integument of the prey with the prepharyx (hyopharynx) in preferential points of least resistance as the eyes, the membranous area of transition between the head and thorax (neck) or between thorax and abdomen, or between the last urotergiti. Puncture is followed by the injection of saliva, whose active components perform two functions: the neurotoxins cause paralysis of the victim, while proteolytic enzymes lead to the breakup and liquefaction of internal tissues; in a short time the predator is able to feed by sucking the internal fluids through the alimentary canal. With regard to interspecific trophic relationships, there is a large number of reports on the prey captured by Asilidae.
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Cholesterol-5,6-oxide hydrolase (, cholesterol-epoxide hydrolase, ChEH) is an enzyme with systematic name 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol hydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : (1) 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O \rightleftharpoons 5alpha- cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol : (2) 5,6beta-epoxy-5beta-cholestan-3beta- ol + H2O \rightleftharpoons 5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol The enzyme works equally well with either epoxide as substrate on rat liver microsomes. The ChEH is an intracellular en membranous enzyme localized mainly on the endoplasmic reticulum of cells. Its molecular characterization revealed it is composed of two proteinaceous sub-units: the 3beta-hydroxysteroid delta8-delta7-isomerase (D8D7I), also known as the emopamyl binding protein (EBP), which is the catalytic subunit, and the 3beta-hydroxysteroid delta7 reductase (DHCR7), which is the regulatory subunit.
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From days 23 through 28, the heart tube folds and twists, with the future ventricles moving left of center (the ultimate location of the heart) and the atria moving towards the head. On day 28, areas of tissue in the heart tube begin to expand inwards; after about two weeks, these expansions, the membranous "septum primum" and the muscular "endocardial cushions", fuse to form the four chambers of the heart. A failure to fuse properly will result in a defect that may allow blood to leak between chambers. After this happens, cells that have migrated from the neural crest begin to divide the bulbus cordis, the main outflow tract is divided in two by the growth a spiraling septum, becoming the great vessels—the ascending segment of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
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The lophophore and mouth are mounted on a flexible tube, called the "invert" because it can be turned inside-out and withdrawn into the polypide, rather like the finger of a rubber glove; in this position the lophophore lies inside the invert and is folded like the spokes of an umbrella. The invert is withdrawn, sometimes within 60 milliseconds, by a pair of retractor muscles that are anchored at the far end of the cystid. Sensors at the tips of the tentacles may check for signs of danger before the invert and lophophore are fully extended. Extension is driven by an increase in internal fluid pressure, which species with flexible exoskeletons produce by contracting circular muscles that lie just inside the body wall, while species with a membranous sac use circular muscles to squeeze this.
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Hymenophyllum australe was first formally described in 1810 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in the published Species Plantarum Edition 4, under the basionym of Mecodium australe. The botanical genus name Hymenophyllum is derived from the Greek hymen, meaning membrane, and phullon, a leaf, referring to the delicate membranous leaf, while the specific epithet, australe, is derived from the Latin australis, meaning southern, in reference to its occurrence in Australia and New Zealand. Notably, New Zealand populations of Hymenophyllum australe were previously divided into a separate species, Hymenophyllum atrovirens, and interpreted as endemic to New Zealand. However, given the absence of distinguishable morphological characters, in addition to recent molecular evidence demonstrating pronounced similarity of the chloroplast DNA sequences of the Australian and New Zealand ferns, Hymenophyllum atrovirens is now considered conspecific with Hymenophyllum australe.
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While the amino acid sequence of the subunit indicated that there seemed to be four transmembrane domains (parts of the protein that pass through the plasma membrane), proteins interacting with the subunit indicated that the N-terminus seemed to be extracellular, while the C-terminus seemed to be intracellular. However, if each of the four transmembrane domains went all the way through the plasma membrane, then the two termini would have to be on the same side of the membrane. It was eventually discovered that the second "transmembrane" domain does not in fact cross the membrane at all, but kinks back on itself within the membrane and returns to the intracellular side. When the four subunits of the tetramer come together, this second membranous domain forms the ion- permeable pore of the receptor.
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The heart is situated about in the middle of the back, where it forms a large oval swelling immediately below the skin, having the generative organs beneath. From the posterior end of the heart there a broad elevated but rounded ridge passes down the median line of the back to the caudal end of the body. This ridge is joined on either side by numerous similarly elevated branches, which divide and subdivide as they approach the pallial-like expansion on the sides of the body. The whole of these branches and their subdivisions, standing boldly up from the general surface of the skin, have the branchial cerata set along them, and they give off twigs, which pass up the margin of the broad, flounced, membranous expansion of the cerata.
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Head of a mantisfly in genus Plega About long and with a wingspan of , some mantidflies such as Climaciella brunnea, Euclimacia nodosa are wasp mimics, but most are brownish with green, yellow and sometimes red hues. The vernacular and scientific names are derived from their mantis-like appearance, as their spiny "raptorial" front legs are modified to catch small insect prey and are very similar to the front legs of mantids (the only difference is that the pincers lack footpads and are not used for walking at all). The adults are predatory insects that are often nocturnal, and are sometimes attracted by porch lights or blacklights. They are usually green, brown, yellow, and sometimes pink, and have four membranous wings which may sometimes be patterned (especially in wasp mimicking species) but are usually clear.
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Scales on a luna moth (Actias luna) Butterflies and moths - the order Lepidoptera (Greek "scale-winged") - have membranous wings covered in delicate, powdery scales, which are modified setae. Each scale consists of a series of tiny stacked platelets of organic material, and butterflies tend to have the scales broad and flattened, while moths tend to have the scales narrower and more hair like. Scales are usually pigmented, but some types of scales are metallic, or iridescent, without pigments; because the thickness of the platelets is on the same order as the wavelength of visible light the plates lead to structural coloration and iridescence through the physical phenomenon described as thin-film optics. The most common color produced in this fashion is blue, such as in the Morpho butterflies.
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The jugum is more highly developed in some other Polyneoptera, as in the Mantidae. In most of the higher insects with narrow wings the vannus becomes reduced, and the vannal fold is lost, but even in such cases the flexed wing may bend along a line between the postcubitus and the first vannal vein. The Jugal Region, or Neala, is a region of the wing that is usually a small membranous area proximal to the base of the vannus strengthened by a few small, irregular veinlike thickenings; but when well developed it is a distinct section of the wing and may contain one or two jugal veins. When the jugal area of the forewing is developed as a free lobe, it projects beneath the humeral angle of the hindwing and thus serves to yoke the two wings together.
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In females, the ductus bursae is kinked at the junction of the forward (membranous) and hind (sclerotized) parts, with a particularly heavy sclerotized triangle bearing small teeth half-hidden in the kink.Clarke (1986) They are common across the world's continents except in deserts, on high mountains, and in glaciated areas. In addition, they are apparently even able to disperse over water well, as evidenced by the Polynesian radiations which occur mainly from Hawaiian Islands to the Austral Islands as well as on New Zealand; several of these island endemics might nowadays be rare or extinct due to disappearance of their food plants, but overall the genus is not yet very well studied. As far as is known, the caterpillar larvae of most Eudonia feed on mosses, namely of subclasses Bryidae and Dicranidae; some also eat lichen.
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Mistletoe berries have a moderately tough skin containing a seed and in feeding the euphonias break the outer skin with their bills and swallow the single seed surrounded by an adhesive pulp. The seeds pass through the intestinal canal wholly undigested and nutritive matter is readily assimilated without preliminary grinding. This subsistence on a particularly specialized food that does not require mechanical comminution to digest has resulted in the loss of the gizzard and the specialization of the digestive tract into a simple membranous sac connecting the esophagus and duodenum, which is arranged to permit the rapid and unobstructed passage of food through the entire length of the canal. Female (left) and male (right) Yellow-throated euphonia breeding is reported in May and August in Mexico, June in Belize, March-May in Guatemala and April-June in Costa Rica.
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The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis. Once considered a technical snag in cell fractionation techniques, the alleged ER vesicle contaminants that invariably appeared in the mitochondrial fraction have been re-identified as membranous structures derived from the MAM—the interface between mitochondria and the ER. Physical coupling between these two organelles had previously been observed in electron micrographs and has more recently been probed with fluorescence microscopy. Such studies estimate that at the MAM, which may comprise up to 20% of the mitochondrial outer membrane, the ER and mitochondria are separated by a mere 10–25 nm and held together by protein tethering complexes. Purified MAM from subcellular fractionation has been shown to be enriched in enzymes involved in phospholipid exchange, in addition to channels associated with Ca2+ signaling.
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Nucleus 2 Nuclear pore 3 Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) 4 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) 5 Ribosome on the rough ER 6 Proteins that are transported 7 Transport vesicle 8 Golgi apparatus 9 Cis face of the Golgi apparatus 10 Trans face of the Golgi apparatus 11 Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous synthesis and transport organelle that is an extension of the nuclear envelope. More than half the total membrane in eukaryotic cells is accounted for by the ER. The ER is made up of flattened sacs and branching tubules that are thought to interconnect, so that the ER membrane forms a continuous sheet enclosing a single internal space. This highly convoluted space is called the ER lumen and is also referred to as the ER cisternal space. The lumen takes up about ten percent of the entire cell volume.
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The Schizophora are a section of true flies containing 78 families, which are collectively referred to as muscoids, although technically the term "muscoid" should be limited to flies in the superfamily Muscoidea; this is an example of informal, historical usage persisting in the vernacular. The section is divided into two subsections, the Acalyptratae and Calyptratae, which are commonly referred to as acalyptrate muscoids and calyptrate muscoids, respectively. The defining feature of the Schizophora is the presence of a special structure used to help the emerging adult fly break free of the puparium; this structure is an inflatable membranous sac called the ptilinum that protrudes from the face, above the antennae. The inflation of the ptilinum (using fluid hemolymph rather than air) creates pressure along the line of weakness in the puparium, which then bursts open along the seam to allow the adult to escape.
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Positive-strand RNA viruses have genetic material that can function both as a genome and as messenger RNA; it can be directly translated into protein in the host cell by host ribosomes. The first proteins to be expressed after infection serve genome replication functions; they recruit the positive-strand viral genome to viral replication complexes formed in association with intracellular membranes. These complexes contain proteins of both viral and host cell origin, and may be associated with the membranes of a variety of organelles—often the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but also including membranes derived from mitochondria, vacuoles, the Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, plasma membranes, autophagosomal membranes, and novel cytoplasmic compartments. The replication of the positive-sense RNA genome proceeds through double-stranded RNA intermediates, and the purpose of replication in these membranous invaginations may be the avoidance of cellular response to the presence of dsRNA.
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A herb, 60 cm high, with a creeping rooting base. Stem erect, somewhat fleshy, subflexuous, pubescent to tomentose in the upper portion, up to 5 cm thick in the lower portion. Leaves papery when dry, obovate-elliptic to elliptic, shortly acuminate, narrowing to an obtuse base, margin entire or wavy, 14–18 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, glabrous, paler green beneath; lateral nerves 8–10 on each side, curving upwards and uniting within the margin, prominent beneath; petiole more or less pubescent, about 1.2 cm or less in length. Stipules subulate, 5–6 cm or less in length, generally falling before the leaves. Inflorescence solitary in the upper leaf-axils; stalk 1.2– 2 cm long, puberulous; receptacle flattened or somewhat convex, orbicular, 2.5–4.5 cm in diameter, including the broad membranous margin (7–10 cm wide), which is prolonged into numerous (about 15) very unequal bract-arms, a few from 1.2– 2 cm long, the remainder short, from 2.5–7.5 cm long.
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Flower spike Digitaria insularis is a tufted perennial bunchgrass with very short, swollen rhizomes. The stems reach a height of 80–130 cm and are erect, branched from the lower and middle nodes, swollen bases, with woolly bracts, glabrous internodes and nodes. Sheaths papillose - pilose in their majority, ligule 4–6 mm long, blades linear, 20–50 cm long and 10–20 mm wide. Inflorescence 20–35 cm long, numerous clusters, 10–15 cm long, solitary triquetrous rachis of clusters, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, scabrous; spikelets lanceolate, 4.2-4.6 mm long, paired, caudate, densely covered with trichomes up to 6 mm long, brown or whitish, ranging up to 5 mm from the apex of the spikelet; lower glume triangular to ovate, to 0.6 mm long, enervate, membranous; upper glume 3.5-4.5 mm long, acute, 3-5 nerved, ciliated; inferior lemma as long as spikelet, acuminate, 7-nerved, covered with silky hairs, upper lemma 3.2-3.6 mm long, acuminate, dark brown; anthers 1-1.2 mm long.
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The stapes (stirrup) ossicle bone of the middle ear transmits vibrations to the fenestra ovalis (oval window) on the outside of the cochlea, which vibrates the perilymph in the vestibular duct (upper chamber of the cochlea). The ossicles are essential for efficient coupling of sound waves into the cochlea, since the cochlea environment is a fluid–membrane system, and it takes more pressure to move sound through fluid–membrane waves than it does through air; a pressure increase is achieved by the area ratio of the tympanic membrane to the oval window, resulting in a pressure gain of about 20× from the original sound wave pressure in air. This gain is a form of impedance matching – to match the soundwave travelling through air to that travelling in the fluid–membrane system. At the base of the cochlea, each duct ends in a membranous portal that faces the middle ear cavity: The vestibular duct ends at the oval window, where the footplate of the stapes sits.
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The aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle is a thin but strong membranous structure, the fibers of which are directed downward and medially. It is joined with that of the opposite muscle along the middle line, and covers the whole of the front of the abdomen; above, it is covered by and gives origin to the lower fibers of the pectoralis major; below, its fibers are closely aggregated together, and extend obliquely across from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and the pectineal line to form the inguinal ligament. In the middle line, it interlaces with the aponeurosis of the opposite muscle, forming the linea alba, which extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis. That portion of the aponeurosis which extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle is a thick band, folded inward, and continuous below with the fascia lata; it is called the inguinal ligament.
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