As populations grow, making land scarce, landlords jack up rents and lend at extortionate rates.
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In both, rural areas are turning urban far faster than planners expected, making land-use laws seem ridiculous.
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Planes, ships, and submarines are complex to build and very expensive to maintain, making land-based cruise missiles a good option.
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Indigenous groups have been making land claims more forcefully since a 1989 United Nations convention provided them with a legal framework, Liffman said.
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And activists have had success, with groups such as Lock the Gate making land access more challenging for energy companies being one example.
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They aren't making land, but because of technological advances collectively called the Green Revolution, there has been something akin to a long-term supply increase.
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There are already a lot of people [in tech] who are making land grabs with inaccurate claims and trying to make money off everyone's suffering.
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Hendrix, the energy advisor to Walker, said he believes Alaska can offer incentives beyond tax benefits, such as building roads to oilfields, expediting permitting for drilling and making land accessible.
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Filibustering in the legislature has slowed down many development projects, making land and housing shortages more acute, and hindering efforts to catch up with the rapid advances of neighboring mainland Chinese cities.
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"Ironically, the attempt to make land rights more secure had the unintended consequence of making land rights insecure for the majority of households ... and is the historical root of current land inequality," Vechbanyongratana said.
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Importantly, CO₂ emissions from deforestation together with methane and nitrous oxide emissions are mainly associated with the process of making land available for food production and the growing of food in croplands and rangelands.
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Today just over one percent of Colombia's landowners hold more than half of the country's agricultural land, making land distribution in Colombia among the most unequal in the world, according to the United Nations Development Programme.
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There are, of course, still risks for investors - including currency volatility, the difficulties of making land acquisitions, and usually the lack of any government guarantees, said Sharad Somani, head of Asia/Pacific Power & Utilities at KPMG.
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Bennet is distinguishing himself from rivals, such as Governor Jay Inslee of Washington, who are pressing for more aggressive plans to fight global warming, by making land management and agriculture a large part of his climate platform.
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"Speculators are buying large areas of land, making land prices rise sharply," Nasution said, adding that the long-term goal of a new policy would be to make land ownership more balanced, to keep tighter control on land prices and lift state revenue.
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Conservationists seek to win over the locals by gathering input from herders before making land-usage arrangements, giving community elders seats on conservancy boards, hiring rangers from local tribes, allowing local groups to start their own tourism initiatives, and generally promoting community ownership of conservation.
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The boosters are probably right: a big distributary of the Mississippi, the Atchafalaya, which siphons off about a third of the river's water and more of its sediment load in central Louisiana, has had its basin leveed, but not its banks, and it is making land.
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The sector accounts for 44 percent of economic output, according to consulting firm McKinsey & Co. All land is owned by the government but farmers are given land use or tillage rights, making land use a particularly sensitive issue for small-scale farmers who make up the majority of the country's population of 13 million.
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In Rome, SPAM have just put the finishing touches to "La deriva umana" ("Human Drift", pictured at the top of this page), a 30-metre-long scathing assessment of popular fears over migration, in which a strange humanoid monster in house slippers pulls up the toe of Italy to prevent boats full of similar creatures from making land.
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Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana is making land records of Punjab online available and helping in online registration of land registry.
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Bhungroo (meaning "straw" in Gujarati) is an innovative water harvesting technique for irrigation introduced by Indian women farmers. It frees excess water from flood prone and waterlogged farmland by drawing all the excess water underground and making land accessible for farming.
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Patrick Bode, "Upper Canada, 1793: Simcoe and the Slaves." Beaver 1993 73(3): 17–19 Delays in making land grants aggravated racist tensions in Shelburne. Mobs of white Loyalists attacked Black Loyalists in the Shelburne Riots in July 1784, Canada's first recorded race riot.
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In line with the United Kingdom's i.e. the British government's policy of concentrated land settlement for the colony, Governors of New South Wales tended to be conservative in making land grants. By the end of Macquarie's tenure in 1821, less than 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) of land had been granted in the colony.
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In preparation for the planned invasion, the Mandala command began making land, air, and sea incursions into West Irian. General Suharto also planned to launch a full-scale amphibious operation invasion of West Irian known as Operation Jayawijaya (or Operation Djajawidjaja).Bilveer Singh, West Irian and the Suharto Presidency, p.86Soedjati Djiwandono, Konfrontasi Revisited, p.
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As king, Shashanka continued many Gupta-era traditions, e.g. making land grants to Brahmins, as evidenced by the copperplate inscriptions from the era. Gold and silver coins, known as Dinars, issued by Shashanka have also been discovered. He vigorously propagated Hinduism, and had Sakadvipi Brahmins and Vedic Brahmins invited into his kingdom, presumably from Kanyakubja, among other places.
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A spatial decision support system (SDSS) is an interactive, computer-based system designed to assist in decision making while solving a semi-structured spatial problem.Sprague, R. H., and E. D. Carlson (1982) Building effective Decision Support Systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall, Inc. It is designed to assist the spatial planner with guidance in making land use decisions.
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AusAID: Making Land Work: Reconciling customary land and development in the Pacific, Canberra 2008 , retrieved 2009-09-07 The amount of customary land ownership out of the total land area of Pacific island nations is the following: 97% in Papua New Guinea, 90% in Vanuatu, 88% in Fiji, 85% in the Solomon Islands, and 81% in Samoa.
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Nepal is a country where industrial growth is limited, making land the most economic asset. However, obtaining land in Nepal is far from easy. During the period of colonization, land in Nepal was more abundant and people could obtain large amounts of land . As time passed, the frontier land became occupied, which placed a higher price on scarce land.
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This was reversed in the period c. 1150 to 1300, with warm dry summers and less severe winters allowing cultivation at much greater heights above sea level and making land more productive. In the late Middle Ages, average temperatures began to reduce again, with cooler and wetter conditions limiting the extent of arable agriculture, particularly in the Highlands.
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York Deeds, p. 9 The territory had been devastated and many properties abandoned during King Philip's War, and Danforth acted in effect as a Lord Proprietor, making land grants and reestablishing towns such as Falmouth and North Yarmouth. Danforth was rewarded by the colony with a grant of an island in Casco Bay for this work, which he oversaw until 1686.Martin, p.
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Abert was born in Soultz-sous-Forêts, Alsace, during the Bourbon Restoration in France. He immigrated to Newark, New York, before settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Territory, in 1836. In Milwaukee, Abert worked with Byron Kilbourn making land surveys and laying out roads. A manufacturer by trade, he built the first bakery in Milwaukee in 1839 and the first iron foundry in Milwaukee in 1866.
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In the early 1750s, Bigge acted as an agent for Charles Brandling, then a minor, making land purchases around Hunslet in Yorkshire. These were associated with the development of the Middleton Colliery. He was involved also in the construction of the Military Road, with its eastern end at Heddon-on-the-Wall. His brother Edward was a solicitor to the Commissioners for the construction.
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Moltke inherited the family's estates after his father's death in 1875 and took over the management of them in 1879. He Owned Bregentved, Turebyholm and Sofiedal. He completed a number of large construction projects on his estates in 1887-91 and supported agricultural development by making land available to a number of agricultural experiments. His city home in Copenhagen was Moltke's Mansion in Frederiksstaden.
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The U.S. portion of this lake peninsula has a land border with Canada, making land access to it possible only through Canada. Image by U.S. Geological Survey. Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state bounded by the Bering Sea; the Arctic and Pacific oceans; and Canada's British Columbia and Yukon Territory. Additionally, because of the terrain, several municipalities in southeast Alaska (the "Panhandle") are inaccessible by road, except via Canada.
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BUSH gallery is an experimental land-based, Indigenous-led artist residency that takes place on Willard's land in Secwepemc Nation in interior British Columbia. In an issue of C Magazine guest edited by Willard and Peter Morin the editors state, "BUSH gallery is a series of on-going gatherings of like-minded folks united under questions concerning art making, land, Indigenous art history and interventions into the colonial." This issue also included the BUSH Manifesto.
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They then built lines past the built up areas, making land along the route more valuable. Development followed the lines, making more traffic. When first opened the State St. and Wabash - Cottage Grove Avenue lines both used a slow speed () three block loop. This could not handle the traffic, in 1892 the Cottage Grove Avenue line started using a new two block loop directly east of the original, which was rebuilt two years later.
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As the multiple nuclei develop, transportation hubs such as airports are constructed which allow industries to be established with reduced transportation costs. These transportation hubs have negative externality such as noise pollution and lower land values, making land around the hub cheaper. Hotels are also constructed near airports because people who travel tend to want to stay near the source of travel. Housing develops in wedges and gets more expensive the farther it is from the CBD.
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It was not until the California Mexican era (1821–1846) that the titles to the plots of land were granted to individuals. California, now under the control of the Mexican government, opened up petitions for land grants. By 1828, the rules for establishing land grants were codified in the Mexican Reglamento (Regulation). The acts broke the large landholding of the missions and paved the way for attracting more settlers to California by making land grants easier to obtain.
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The Council is responsible for approving the city budget; monitoring, creating, and abolishing city agencies; making land use decisions; and approving, amending, or rejecting other legislative proposals. The leader of the City Council is the president and is elected each year by the Council. A majority vote (7–6) is necessary to elect a councillor to president. When the Mayor of Boston travels out of state or is removed from office, the City Council president serves as acting mayor.
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Ray returned to Indianapolis in 1846 to establish a law and advisory business, what he called at "Law, conveyancing, writing, abstract-making, land-agency, general and emigrants' intelligence and counsel office." The business soon folded for lack of customers. Ray purchased a home in Indianapolis that was built in 1835 and originally stood on the site where the Marion County Jail now stands. The home was moved in 1977 and is located within the Lockerbie Square Historic District.
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In addition to caring for her people's immediate medical problems, Picotte sought to educate her community about preventive medicine and other public health issues, including temperance. Alcoholism was a serious problem on the Omaha reservation, and a personal one for Picotte: her husband Henry was an alcoholic.Tong (1999), 107 Disreputable whites used alcohol to take advantage of Omahas while making land deals. Picotte, as reservation physician and a prominent member of the community, was well aware of the damage such practices caused.
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Rwanda is one of the poorest countries in Africa and has the highest population density of all African countries with about 444 inhabitants/km2. The population is currently over 10 million and is expected to increase to about 13 million in 2020. Land is the most important source of livelihood for most Rwandans, where 80% of the whole population is dependent on land, making land remain the base of Rwanda economy, hence, an important link to the politics of the country.[RISD Annual Report 2010 p.
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This arrangement, which became known as the Dual Contracts, was approved by the New York Public Service Commission in 1913, while McAneny and his fellow Fusionists were preparing to run for re-election. Over the succeeding years, this plan would result in the extension of subway lines to far-flung areas of the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, making land accessible for lower-density development that would help disperse the congested population of the inner city.Starks, Charles. New York's Pioneer of Planning and Preservation: How George McAneny Reshaped Manhattan and Inspired a Movement.
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The earliest notable road system in the ancient Mediterranean world was the Royal Road. The most extensive incarnation of the system was unified and organized under Darius I, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BCE. It was built from connecting and upgrading older systems, and was used to enable rapid communication and transportation throughout the empire, as well as the collection of taxes. Generally, other contemporary roads were not paved or well maintained, making land travel both on foot and horseback arduous and time-consuming.
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These reduced the overall width of the loaded craft, making land transport easier and also reduced drag in the water, but at the cost of weakening the hull. The Biber was powered on the surface by a Otto Blitz petrol engine, which was used despite concerns about the risks posed by the carbon monoxide the engine gave off. The engine had the advantage of being cheap and available in large numbers. Propulsion while submerged was provided by a electric motor, supplied by three Type T13 T210 battery troughs.
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J.D. Legge, 402 On 19 December 1961, Sukarno decreed the establishment of the People's Triple Command or Tri Komando Rakyat (Trikora) in order to annex what Indonesia called West Irian by 1 January 1963. Trikora's operational command was to be called the Mandala Command for the Liberation of West Irian (Komando Mandala Pembebasan Irian Barat) with Major-General Suharto (the future President of Indonesia) serving as its commander. In preparation for the planned invasion, the Mandala command began making land, air, and sea incursions into West Irian.Bilveer Singh, West Irian and the Suharto Presidency, p.
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The government recognised this by making land available, subsidising books and assisting with building costs. A new timber School of Arts building in Bundaberg was constructed on the same site in 1880. The library received a considerable boost from the donation of 3 cases of English classics, ordered from London at a cost of , by Thomas McIlwraith, later to become Premier of Queensland and a life member of the School of Arts. The Book Committee also purchased a further 1400 volumes for the new building, the foundation of a library of notable quality.
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The lands covered in the Maxwell Land Grant were originally tribal lands belonging to Jicarilla Apache Indians. In 1885, Helen Hunt Jackson's report for the Bureau of Indian Affairs reported the Jicarilla Apaches numbered 850 located at Cimarron Agency, upon what is called “Maxwell’s Grant” in North-eastern New Mexico. The region of northern New Mexico was claimed by Spain in 1524, but there were few settlements east of the Sangre de Cristo Range. In 1821, the government of Mexico was established, and the new government retained the Spanish policy of encouraging settlement by making land grants.
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The first School of Arts committee in Queensland was established in Brisbane in 1849 with the aim of "the advancement of the community in literary, philosophic and scientific subjects". As towns and districts became established, local committees were formed to set up schools of arts, which became one of the principal sources of adult education. The government recognised this by making land available, subsidising books and assisting with building costs. Most Schools of Arts also had a hall with a stage which could be hired, thus encouraging the arts as well as providing a source of revenue.
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Sketch map or diseño of Rancho Providencia, 1840s During the Mexican era (1821–1846), grantees received legal title to the land. In 1821, Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, and California came under control of the Mexican government. The 1824 Mexican Colony Law established rules for petitioning for land grants in California; and by 1828, the rules for establishing land grants were codified in the Mexican Reglamento (Regulation). The Acts sought to break the land monopoly of the missions and also paved the way for luring additional settlers to California by making land grants easier to obtain.
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The city is governed by Mayor Jim Strickland and the thirteen city council members. Memphis uses a strong-mayor form of government in which the city council acts as a check against the power of the executive branch, the mayor. The council is responsible for approving the city budget, making land use decisions, and approving, amending, or rejecting other legislative proposals. Memphis City Council committees meet on every first and third Tuesday of every month. The first city council took office in 1968, after the modern city charter had been approved by Memphis voters in a 1966 referendum.
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The community is based on a land trust system, by which members may own personal homes, but the land itself (including the land under those homes) is owned by the community. Land is never sold to members, but is assigned for periods of time on the condition that members live harmoniously with the land and their neighbors. Money is occasionally lent to community members for the purpose of improving land. In the words of the Celo Community Constitution, this system is meant to “encourage personal enterprise among members by making land and money available” for productive use.
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When the British settled at Sydney Cove in 1788 the colonial government in Australia claimed all lands for the Crown. Governors of New South Wales were given authority to make land grants to free settlers, emancipists (former convicts) and non-commissioned officers. When land grants were made they were often subject to conditions such as a quit rent (one shilling per to be paid after five years) and a requirement for the grantee to reside on and cultivate the land. In line with the British government's policy of concentrated land settlement for the colony Governors of New South Wales tended to be prudent in making land grants.
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Thus Roy grew up in an environment where making land surveys and using maps was part of the daily business. He was educated in Carluke parish school and then Lanark Grammar School. The Parish of Carluke, 1288 –1874 There is no record of a further education such as that enjoyed by his younger brother James.James Roy had held the bursary in the Grammar School and College of Glasgow, took a Master of Arts after studies in the Languages and Philosophy, was licensed by the Presbytery of Glasgow, and held several other notable positions before his untimely death in 1767, at the age of 37.
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Born in Solihull, the son of Thomas Forster by his marriage to Edna Russell, Forster was educated at the town's Tudor Grange Grammar School. He stated in the House of Lords on 8 February 2016 that he had spent his gap year making Land Rover Defenders and was auto-enrolled into the TGWU. He studied at Merton College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in chemistry, promoted to Oxford Master of Arts (MA Oxon) in 1973. At the University of Edinburgh, he graduated as a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) in theology in 1977 and as a Doctor of Philosophy in 1985.
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237 The open field system died only slowly. More than half the agricultural land of England was still not enclosed in 1700, after which the government discouraged the continuation of the open-field system. It was finally laid to rest in England about 1850 after more than 5,000 Acts of Parliament over several centuries had transformed the "scattered plots in the open fields" into unambiguous private and enclosed properties free of village and communal control and use. Other European countries also began to pass legislation to eliminate the scattering of farm land, the Netherlands and France passing laws making land consolidation compulsory in the 1930s and 1950s respectively.
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Robert Swann worked with Slater King, president of the Albany Movement and a cousin of Martin Luther King Jr., Charles Sherrod, an organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, his wife Shirley Sherrod, and individuals from the Federation of Southern Cooperatives and other civil rights organizations in the South to develop New Communities, Inc., "a nonprofit organization to hold land in perpetual trust for the permanent use of rural communities". Their vision for New Communities Inc. drew heavily on the example and experience of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) in making land available through 99-year ground leases for the development of planned communities and agricultural cooperatives.
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On February 26, 1767, Charles III of Spain issued a decree confiscating the property of the Jesuits and banishing them from Spain and her possessions. As a consequence, the Jesuit fathers on Guam departed on November 2, 1769, on the schooner Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, abandoning their churches, rectories and ranches. The arrival of Governor Don Mariano Tobias, on September 15, 1771, brought agricultural reforms, including making land available to the islanders for cultivation, encouraged the development of cattle raising, imported deer and water buffalo from Manila, donkeys and mules from Acapulco, established cotton mills and salt pans, free public schools, and the first Guam militia. Later, he was transferred to Manila in June 1774.
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Wentworth petitioned the legislature to purchase the brick house as an official residence he termed a "Provincial House" in one of his petitions of April 26, 1753,Building Portsmouth: The Neighborhoods & Architecture of New Hampshire's Oldest City, Richard Candee, ed. but their offering price was below the owner's asking price, and the purchase was never made. The Warner House, where Benning Wentworth lived prior to moving to the house at Little Harbor From the brick house Wentworth began making land grants to create new towns, starting in 1749. Absent a state house or capitol until 1762, the governor's council and the New Hampshire general assembly (legislature) met in various taverns around downtown Portsmouth.
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The economy of the 3rd century BCE Mauryan Empire of India has been described by some as "a socialized monarchy" and "a sort of state socialism". Aristophanes in his play, Ecclesiazusae, parodies the society of Classical Athens in a way that could be described as socialist and feminist. In it, Athenian women are depicted as seizing control of Athenian government and banning all private property, as the character Praxagora puts it "I shall begin by making land, money, everything that is private property, common to all."Aristophanes, "Ecclesiazusal" 392 B.C accessible via download Mazdak (died c. 524 or 528 CE) preached and instituted a religion-based socialist or proto-socialist system in the Zoroastrian context of Sassanian Persia.
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In the early 21st century and as early as the publication of the ninth volume of The Cambridge Ancient History in 1994,Andrew Lintott. "Political History, 146–96 B.C." in The Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge University Press, 1994). p. 52. the validity of examining Popularist ideology in the context of Roman political philosophy has been reasserted. In particular, T. P. Wiseman has rehabilitated the use of the word "party" to describe the political opposition between Optimates and Populares, based on Latin usage (partes) and pointing to the consistency of a sort of party platform based on the food supply and general welfare of the populus ("people"), making land available to those outside the senatorial elite and debt relief.
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As most of the town-planning agencies like transport, electricity, water distribution were managed by Kerala Government, the Kochi Corporation failed in co-ordinating various agencies implementing various projects. Apart from all these, much of the infrastructural development funds for the city were given to Greater Cochin Development Authority which often creates administrative clashes and issues over implementation. One of the major issue which the city faced earlier was waste management which aggravated in 2002, which was successfully solved by commissioning Brahmapuram Waste Management Plant. The current major problem which the city faces is the poor state of transport due to lack of wide roads and Corporation's inability in making land acquisition.
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Blackbird wrote: The 1725 return of an Osage bride from a trip to Paris, France. The Osage woman was married to a French soldier. Five Indians and a Captive, painted by Carl Wimar, 1855 The U.S. government had two purposes when making land agreements with Native Americans: to open it up more land for white settlement, and to "ease tensions" (in other words assimilate Native people to Eurasian social ways) between whites and Native Americans by forcing the Native Americans to use the land in the same way as did the whites—for subsistence farms. The government used a variety of strategies to achieve these goals; many treaties required Native Americans to become farmers in order to keep their land.
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In particular, T. P. Wiseman has rehabilitated the use of the word "party" to describe the political opposition between Optimates and Populares, based on Latin usage (partes) and pointing to the consistency of a sort of party platform based on the food supply and general welfare of the populus ("people"), making land available to those outside the senatorial elite and debt relief.Though this has been a strand in Wiseman's scholarship over the decades, see particularly the introduction and "Roman History and the Ideological Vacuum" in Remembering the Roman People: Essays on Late-Republican Politics and Literature (Oxford University Press, 2009) at p. 14 for partes and "party". A less truncated version of "Roman History and the Ideological Vacuum" may be found in Classics in Progress (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 285.
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The results of the 1967 Australian referendum meant that the Federal Government could make special laws relating to Aboriginal people which could override any state- based legislation; this was seen as a great victory in the struggle for Aboriginal land rights in Australia. The Labor government under Gough Whitlam, after making land rights one of his election campaign priorities, first introduced a land rights Bill to Parliament. Whitlam chose to establish a precedent in the Northern Territory (NT), which was controlled by the Commonwealth (federal) government, rather than attempt federal legislation first off. He appointed Justice Woodward in February 1973 to head an inquiry into how best to recognise Aboriginal land rights in the NT, called the Aboriginal Land Rights Commission (also known as the "Woodward Royal Commission").
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ILARIS (Intrinsic Landscape Aesthetic Resource Information System) is a GIS model developed by Jones & Jones to assess the intrinsic aesthetic value of Puget Sound. In 2002, the firm was commissioned by the Trust for Public Land to develop a system to evaluate and protect important landscape features of Puget Sound and its near-shore areas. ILARIS was based on Grant Jones’ early Fortran program from his days at Harvard, as well as on Jones & Jones’ breakthrough scenic planning work for rivers such as the Nooksack and Alaska’s Susitna. The model is a framework to synthesize and assess the biologic, cultural, and aesthetic values of intrinsic landscape features, and the result is a language that gives voice to the landscape and assists conservation and planning organizations in making land-use decisions.
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Before Alta California became a part of the Mexican state, about 30 Spanish land grants had already been deeded in all of Alta California to Presidio soldiers and government officials and a few friends and family of the Alta California Governors, some of whom were grandchildren of the original 1775 Anza expedition settlers. The 1824 Mexican Colony Law established rules for petitioning for land grants in California; and by 1828, the rules for establishing land grants were codified in the Mexican Reglamento (Regulation). The Acts sought to break the monopoly of the Franciscan missions, while paving the way for additional settlers to California by making land grants easier to obtain. When the missions were secularized, the mission property and cattle were supposed to be mostly allocated to the missions Indians.
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Additionally the turnpike passes through areas with some of the highest property values in the country, making land acquisition for expanding the highway extremely expensive. Finally, the turnpike was built through environmentally sensitive ecosystems and wetlands associated with Long Island Sound, meaning most expansion projects require lengthy environmental impact studies that are able to withstand constant litigation by environmental groups. Air pollution laws also cause conflict, since Connecticut is grouped into the federal statistical areas around New York City and it suffers from consequences and special regulations applied to non-compliant air quality areas. An example of this is that it is easier to lengthen an entrance or exit ramp than to add a full lane, since adding any capacity to a road, by definition, will increase the pollution created by the road, further violating federal air quality standards.
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After a series of victories in battle and making land grants to three hundred Brahmin families in his kingdom, Vajrahasta V assumed the titles as Trikalingadhipati (lord of the three Kalingas) and Sakalakalingadhipati (lord of complete Kalinga) challenging the centralized authority of the Somavanshis and laying the foundation to an imperial era for the Eastern Gangas. In the later years of the century, Devendravarman Rajaraja I defeated the Somavanshi king Mahasivagupta Janmenjaya II completely while challenging the Cholas in battle, along with establishing authority in the Vengi region. The Cholas were defeated by Rajaraja I and Chola princess, Rajasundari, was married off to the Eastern Ganga king as a goodwill gesture for settlement of affairs between the Cholas and the Gangas. The identification of the father of Rajasundari is a matter of great controversy and some scholars like K. A. Nilakanta Sastri identify the king as Virarajendra Chola.
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In July, the ship experienced machinery failure off Portuguese coast. It was towed from Lisbon to Blackwall for repairs. On 27 December 1860, the ship returned to Southampton/Lisbon service until it was sold to McMechan Blackwood and Co. on 1 July 1862. On 26 September, the Alhambra sailed from Southampton for Melbourne, and became a pioneer boat between Melbourne and New Zealand."Wreck of the S.S. Alhambra", The Mercury, 3 July 1888. In April 1868, en route to New Zealand, one of the Alhambra's engines broke down, and she was compelled to return to port to have the broken cylinder replaced; Langland’s Foundry Company took only five weeks to cast the new 4-ton cylinder."Shipping Intelligence", The Mercury, 17 April 1868. In mid-January 1869, she was passing Kent Group when her screw shaft broke, and despite the difficult conditions, the captain succeeded in making land near Cape Howe.
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Church of Hvalsey, one of the best preserved remnants from the Norse settlement in Greenland. Simiutaq Island, Greenland, as seen from the Davis Strait. This has been suggested to be a suitable starting point for a crossing to Canada Baffin Island, possible location of Helluland Leif Ericson U.S. commemorative stamp, issued 1968 In Grænlendinga saga or the 'Saga of the Greenlanders', Bjarni Herjólfsson accidentally discovered the new land when traveling from Norway to visit his father, in the second year of Eric the Red's Greenland settlement (about 986 CE). When he managed to reach Greenland, making land at Herjolfsness, the site of his father's farm, he remained there for the rest of his father's life and didn't return to Norway until about 1000 CE. There, he told his overlord (the Earl, also named Eric) about the new land and was criticized for his long delay in reporting this.
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The campaign was instigated by Member of Parliament Sydney Chapman. He formally proposed the idea in a parliamentary question to Peter Walker, the Secretary of State for the Environment on 28 July 1971,HC Deb 24 November 1971 vol 826 cc1315-6, Hansard, accessed 2010-10-04 who announced his backing on 1 March 1972.HC Deb 1 March 1972 vol 832 cc400-1, Hansard, accessed 2010-10-04 As a result, a committee was set up to run the campaign, chaired by Lord Sandford.HC Deb 8 May 1972 vol 836 c272W, Hansard, accessed 2010-10-04 Many organisations, including local authorities, youth organisations, schools, businesses and communities supported the campaign by planting or donating trees, or making land available. The Forestry Commission donated some 90,000 trees to schools and a further 70,000 for joint projects with local authorities,Oral Answers to Questions — Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, House of Commons debates, 20 December 1973 They Work for You, accessed 2010-10-04 as did other organisations including the Crown Estate Commissioners.
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The English League for the Taxation of Land Values was a Georgist political group. It was a historic precursor of two present-day reform bodies: the international umbrella organisation the IU and the UK think tank the Henry George Foundation. The object of the League was > the taxation for national and local purposes of the 'unimproved value of the > land', ie the value of the land apart from the buildings or other > improvements in or upon it. The League actively support[ed] all proposals in > Parliament for separate valuation of land, and for making land values the > basis of national and local taxation. The organisation was established on 16 April 1883 as the Land Reform Union, inspired by social reformer Henry George's first UK lecture tour in 1883–4, and his book, Progress and Poverty.Edwards 1909, p. 77 Early members of the group included John Charles Durrant, Stewart Headlam, James Leigh Joynes, Sydney Olivier, William Saunders, George Bernard Shaw, Henry Cary Shuttleworth, John Elliotson Symes, Helen Taylor, T. F. Walker and Philip Wicksteed. Initially, it focused on issuing leaflets explaining George's ideas.
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