The cilia without a black line through them, and the marginal line more maculate (spotted) on the forewings.
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A single discocellular lunule can be seen. Postmedial line excurved to outer angle. The marginal line more maculate (spotted).
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Salanoemia sala, the maculate lancer, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae found in India, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
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Similar to Ophiusa discriminans, differs in head and thorax being yellowish grey. Abdomen lack black patch. Forewings yellowish grey without black specks. A maculate line runs beyond the postmedial line.
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The base of the shell is maculate or radiately strigate with a lighter shade of the same. The spire is strictly conical. The apex is acute, usually eroded. The shell contains 8-10 whorls.
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Hindwings with a diffused pale streak near with a medial maculate line. Larva speckled and mottled, with 'muddy', lichen-greenish grey all over. The larvae feed on the flowers and young leaves of Nephelium species.
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The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 15 mm. The umbilicate shell has a conic-globose shape. It is maculate with white on a ground of reddish carmine. The five whorls are convex.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 4.25 mm. The white oblong-ovate shell is sparsely maculate with red dots. The spire is acutely conical. The shell contains 6 convex, rounded whorls, subtly spirally striated.
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The size of the shell varies between 26.1 mm and 82 mm. The whorls of the spire are striate, maculate with chestnut. The body whorl is shows beaded striae below. Sometimes the granular striae cover the entire surface.
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Both wings with waved and curved fuscous postmedial band with a more prominent maculate band beyond it, and a series of spots just inside the margin. A marginal fuscous line and a line through cilia can be seen.
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In the female, the body is chestnut brown with a purplish tinge. Forewings with indistinct maculate antemedial and postmedial fuscous bands. Two white dark- outlines specks present at end of cell. Traces of a submarginal series of dark specks.
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The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 60 mm. The oblong shell is thin, smooth, angulated at the shoulderand sulcate below. It is roseate, minutely angularly lineate with brown, and bifasciate with large maculations. The spire is maculate.
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Its color is yellowish, obscurely maculate with brown. The seven whorls are convex. The apical whorls is smooth, following 3 or 4 granulate whorls. The rest is densely spirally striate, with light incremental lines which decussate the lirulae, especially beneath.
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The shell grows to a length of 9 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The small, imperforate shell has an acutely elongate-conical shape. It is brown or olivaceous, unicolored or punctate or maculate with white. The spire is straightly conical.
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The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 100 mm. The large, solid, umbilicate shell has a turbinate shape. Its color pattern is white, sometimes sparsely maculate with chestnut. The six whorls are striate, spirally lirate, and bicarinate.
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The height of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The small, imperforate, thick shell has a conoid-elongated shape. It is whitish- ashen, punctate with rose-color, maculate with spadiceous. The 6 to 7 whorls 6 are convex.
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The shell grows to a length of 75 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has an ovate- conic shape. Its color pattern is dirty white or greenish, maculate or tessellate with dark. The six whorls are convex, rounded, more or less angular around the upper part.
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The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 13 mm. The perforate shell has a conical shape and contains 7 whorls. The first whorl is smooth, yellowish; the following whorls are planulate, separated by canalicidate sutures. They are maculate with chestnut and white.
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The size of the shell varies between 16 mm and 35 mm. The shell is small, smooth and striate below. It is yellowish white, with revolving rows of quadrangular chestnut spots, sometimes partly clouded over, so as to form bands of chestnut clouds. The spire is maculate.
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The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 24 mm. The umbilicate, very solid shell has a conical shape. It is lusterless with a whitish color, unicolored or obscurely striped or maculate with brown or buff. The spire is conical with an acute apex.
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There is a series of small marginal lunules can be seen. Cilia chequered fuscous and white. Hindwings slightly whitish suffused with fuscous, and with traces of a postmedial line. Underside with a cell-spot and a patch on costa above it with a maculate postmedial line.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 25 mm and 64 mm. The small shell is smooth and striate below. Its color is yellowish white, with revolving rows of quadrangular chestnut spots, sometimes partly clouded over, so as to form bands of chestnut clouds. The spire is maculate.
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Thorax and abdomen with yellow bars. Forewings with waved yellow antemedial band. Both wings with irregularly sinuous indistinct yellow medial line curved outward beyond the cell of forewings. There is an ill-defined postmedial maculate band angled at vein 5 of both wings, with some outer margin of forewing.
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Discobola specimens are recognized by their extensively maculate (blotched) or ocellate (spotted) wing markings, by the presence of an A1 cross vein on the wings, and by spined or pectinate (comb like) claws. Specimens from New Zealand are distinctive from those of other locations in having slightly different male genitalia.
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The shell attains a height between 50 mm and 60 mm. The perforate, solid shell has an ovate-conic shape. Its color pattern is dirty white or greenish, radiately flammulated above and maculate below with black or brown. The six whorls are convex, slightly flattened below the subcanaliculate sutures, sometimes subcarinate.
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Its wingspan is about 30 mm. Palpi projecting about the length of head and with a tuft of porrect (forward extending) hair from first joint. A white moth, with fulvous palpi, antennae, collar and shoulders. Abdomen with dorsal maculate (spotted) band, the spots on first two segments small, then very large.
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The outer area with two pale blue maculate bands, where the outer ending found at vein 3. Hindwings golden yellow, with a large purple discocellular spot and a spot below the cell. A postmedial lunulate band excurved between veins 3 and 5. A submarginal spot series becoming large conjoined lunulate patches at apex.
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The size of the adult shell of this species varies between 10 mm and 30 mm. The rather thin, false-umbilicate shell has a wide-conical shape. It is, dark green, the upper surface irregularly broadly maculate with crimson or purplish red. The ribs of the base are articulated with the same.
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Head and thorax blackish brown; the terminal half of tegulae whitish, the patagia whitish except at base and with black spot at middle; antenna; fulvous; femora yellow above; tibiae and tarsi with some whitish; abdomen yellow dorsally clothed with brown hair to near extremity, ventrally brown mixed with whitish. Forewing black brown irrorated with white; a white patch at base; an antemedial maculate white band, angled outwards at median nervure and followed by spots below costa and in and below cell; an oblique medial maculate white band from costa to above vein 1; two small discoidal spots; an oblique postmedial maculate white band, the spots between veins 5 and 3 and at inner margin small and the spot below vein 3 lunulate; a subterminal series of white spots, the spot below vein 7 displaced towards termen; cilia with a series of white spots. Hindwing semihyaline white, the basal and inner areas tinged with brown; a black discoidal spot, small subapical spot and slight subterminal points between veins 6 and 4; the underside with obliquely placed antemedial blackish spots below costa and in cell, a spot on costa above the discoidal spot. Wingspan 54 mm.
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For terms see Morphology of Diptera Minute flies with grey or brown-grey body and, usually, maculate wings. The postvertical bristles on head are cruciate and vibrissae are present on the head are present. The front orbital bristles are inset and upswept. The costa is interrupted near the end of Radial vein 1 and sometimes also near the humeral crossvein.
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The body whorl is carinated and spinose at the periphery. The color of the shell is above grayish, maculated with purplish brown and faint green. The base of the shell is radiately striped, lineolate or maculate with brown. The upper surface of the whorls is closely granulose, and each whorl bears at its periphery about 17 radiating perforated short spines.
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There is some yellow suffusion irrorated with brown below the end of the cell and at the middle of the inner margin. The postmedial line is formed by a series of small black-brown lunules. The hindwings are white with a slight yellow tinge. There is a black-brown discoidal annulus, as well as a maculate black-brown postmedial line.
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Austromelanelixia species have a foliose thallus with an upper surface that ranges in colour from olive-green to dark brown. There is often hyaline cortical hairs on lobe apices or isidial tip, and it is spotted or stained (maculate) particularly on the margins of the lobes. Pseudocyphellae are not present. The upper cortex is covered by a pored (fenestrate) epicortex.
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There is a terminal series of black points. The hindwings have a paler basal area and a sub-basal fuscous mark on the inner area. There is a discoidal point and conjoined postmedial and subterminal fuscous maculate patches from vein 6 to the inner margin at the middle and tornus. There is a subterminal patch from costa to vein 3 and a terminal series of black points.
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The size of the shell varies between 7 mm and 12 mm. The thin, perforate shell has an orbicular-conoid shape with irregularly transversely costate striae. The color is various, it is purplish, maculate with whitish, orange-yellow or rose-red, with traces of clear spots at the suture, or else purple-red with white flecks. The 5 whorls are moderately convex, separated by a distinct suture.
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The size of the adult shell of this species varies between 20 mm and 30 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has a conical shape and is elevated-trochiform,. The first whorls are red, the following reddish-brown, more or less tinged with puff, and in places with olive-green, and sparsely maculate with whitish. The spiral ribs are more or less articulated minutely with whitish.
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Geographic variation in parasitism rates of two sympatric cuckoo hosts in china. Zoological Research, 35(1), 67–71. The common cuckoo is an example of an avian brood parasite that reduces the energy cost of caring for its eggs by placing them in the parrotbill's nest. Depending on the parrotbill species, the eggs will either be maculate with spots or marks or immaculate, meaning without spots or marks.
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The upper surface is broadly radiately maculate with crimson, the flames not extending below the periphery, which, with the base, is dotted with the same shade. The spire is usually attenuated toward the acute rose-colored apex. The about 6 whorls are convex, the last one deflected anteriorly. They are spirally sculptured with about 18 closely granose cinguli, of which 5 to 8 principal ones are above the periphery.
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The color pattern of the first whorl is white the remainder brownish-red, streaked with white, ornamented with a zone of chestnut interrupted with white above. They are spirally lirate, and elegantly clathrate with lamellose radiating striae. There are four spiral cinguli on the penultimate whorl. The convex body whorl is elongated, with a zone of white and chestnut spots at the periphery, convex beneath, whitish or maculate with chestnut, clathrate, with about 4 concentric lirae.
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Legs: coxae and trochanters are blackish brown; metatarsus brownish orange on its basotarsomere and apical tarsomere, black elsewhere. Its wing is hyaline and microtrichose except bare basomedially. The abdomen is black with yellow maculate pattern. Its 1st tergum is bluish black; 2nd tergum is black except for large yellow basolateral macula; 3rd tergum is black except for large yellow fascia; 4th tergum is black except for large yellow fascia and apical margin; 5th tergum is yellow except for a basomedial narrow black fascia.
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The shield is oblong, about one third of the total length of the animal. The shield is rounded in front, angular behind, and forming an angle of about 80 degrees when in motion, usually of a similar tint to the body, but boldly marbled or maculate with black, somewhat concentrically and interruptedly ridged around a sub-posterior nucleus. The pneumostome is just posterior to the midpoint of the mantle, as it is in all Limacidae. The mucus is colorless and iridescent, and not very adhesive.
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They are: coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), sassafras (Doryphora sassafras), Lilly pilly (Syzgium smithii) and native laurel (Cryptocarya glaucescens). The endangered shrub species Solanum celatum has also been recorded on the Cambewarra Range reserve, whilst the vulnerable, furred tongued orchid (Cryptostylis hunteriana) has been found at an area within the Cambewarra Range reserve called the Red Rock plateau. Barrengarry Nature reserve has a remnant area of and contains the following tree species; Sydney blue gum- bangalay (Eucalyptus saligna), turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), spotted gum (Corymbia maculate), and the blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis).
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The male moth is dull reddish brown; its antennae are whitish; the palpi and frons are darker brown; abdomen with very faint crimson tinge, dorsal and lateral series of obscure black spots. Forewing with antemedial series of indistinct small dark spots, very oblique from costa to median nervure, then inwardly oblique; small indistinct spots at angles of cell and a series from lower angle to inner margin; traces of a subterminal series of dark points placed in pairs on each side of the veins; some slight points on termen. Hindwing with a very faint crimson tinge; an indistinct diffused dark discoidal patch and maculate subterminal band. Its wingspan 36 mm.
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Cynorkis gibbosa is an orchid species in the genus Cynorkis, endemic to forest edges and shaded rocks at altitudes of 600–1500 meters in Madagascar. Its flowers are salmon-pink or red, and about 35 mm in length. Found in Madagascar on shady granite rocks, on steep banks, seepage areas, along streams and at forest edges at elevations of 600 to 2000 meters as a small to medium-sized, warm to cool growing terrestrial herb with several elongated, villous tubers giving rise to a solitary, radical, oblong-lanceolate, purple maculate leaf that is shortly attenuate at both ends and amplexiculate basally that blooms in the mid spring through fall on a bristly granular, sometimes glabrous, densely many [10 to 40] flowered, subcorymbiform inflorescence carrying 2 to 3 distant, cauline sheaths and having 10 mostly simultaneous flowers at any one time.
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Many non-human animals have been shown to be able to distinguish between potential partners, based upon levels of FA. As with humans, lower levels of FA are seen in the most reproductively successful members of species. For instance, FA of male forewing length seem to have an important role in successful mating for many insect species, such as dark-wing damselflies and Japanese scorpionflies. In the dark-winged damselfly (Calopteryx maculate), successfully mating male flies showed significantly lower levels of FA in their forewings than unsuccessful males, while for Japanese scorpionflies, FA levels are a good predictor for the outcome of fights between males in that more symmetrical males won significantly more fights. Other animals also show similar patterns, for example, many species of butterfly, males with lower levels of FA tended to live longer and flew more actively, allowing them to have more reproductive success.
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Male Head and thorax red brown mixed with ochreous brown; palpi white below, and orange at sides at extremity of 2nd joint, white marks above frons and behind antennae; tegulae edged with white, patagia with white patches; legs brown and white, fore femora orange at sides; abdomen brown, with slight orange dorsal bands on terminal segments, the ventral surface white with some brown marks. Forewing dark brown, thickly irrorated with ochreous; some white marks at base; an antemedial maculate band acutely angled in cell; a medial series of spots slightly angled on median nervure, then oblique; a spot in end of cell and two points on discocellulars, with a spot on costa above them; postmedial and subterminal series of spots, the former with the spots above veins 4 and 3 smaller and displaced outwards; a terminal series of points. Hindwing white, with some ochreous and brown spots on terminal two-thirds of costal area on underside. Female Abdomen brown and white; forewing with hardly any ochreous irroration.
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Head and thorax pale ochreous; palpi, sides of frons, and antennae black; pectus black; legs black, ochreous at base, the fore coxae and the femora above crimson; abdomen crimson, the base, anal tuft, and ventral surface pale ochreous, dorsal, lateral, and sublateral series of black spots. Forewing pale ochreous; antemedial black points above and below vein 1; a black point in upper angle of cell; a small postmedial black spot below costa, point above vein 2, spot above vein 1, and large spot below it; an oblique series of minute black streaks from apex to vein and subterminal points above and below veins 5 to 3. Hindwing pale ochreous, the inner area tinged with crimson to beyond middle; a black discoidal spot; small subterminal spots below costa and above and below vein 5, and a curved series of larger spots from vein 3 to vein 1. Underside of forewing with the basal half tinged with crimson, an oblique maculate postmedial black band from discal to submedian folds.
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Underside: greyish brown. Forewings and hindwings: two subterminal and a terminal white transverse line succeeded by an anteciliary black line on each wing, the ground colour enclosed between these lines of a slightly darker shade with the appearance of somewhat maculate (spotted) transverse bands. On the hindwing near apices of interspaces 1 a, 1 and 2 enclosed between the inner of the two subterminal white lines and the terminal white line are a large round black spot inwardly edged with ochraceous in interspace 2, two minute black geminate (paired) spots in interspace 1 and a similar single spot in interspace 1 a, the latter three spots superposed on a white ground and above the white a narrow transverse short ochraceous line. Forewing: in addition four obliquely placed, transverse, white parallel fasti as follows: two, one on either side of the discocellulars extended between the subcostal vein and the dorsum; two upper discal lines broken and sinuate, extended from just below the costa, the inner lino to vein 3, the outer line to vein 1.
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Underside: slightly shiny, silken brown, deepening to purplish brown towards the termen and on hindwing. Forewing: a pale whitish, irregular, somewhat diffuse discal patch; cell crossed by six very slender obscure sinuate white lines, that give the cell the appearance of being crossed by three short brown bands; an irregular postdiscal sinuate transverse series of brown lunules of a shade slightly darker than the ground colour, those on the anterior portion of the wing are very slender and thread-like, those posteriorly broad and formed into somewhat annular transverse spots, the lower spots cross the discal whitish area; a subterminal series of black dots continued along the apical half of the costa. Hindwing: crossed by more or less obscure, catenulated, dark brown, interrupted bands that are margined on the inner and outer sides by snort, thread-like, darker, sinuate lines; a short, maculate, dark purple, transverse band from the middle of the dorsum to vein 4; and a subterminal series of minute black dots that is continued both subcostally and subdorsally to the base of the wing. Female similar to the male but the colour and markings both on the upper and under sides duller.
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