"But because the Coriolis is acting on it, as winds start moving toward the low-pressure area, they are diverted around, and they start spiraling into the center, so it takes much longer for the low pressure area to fill," Landsea said.
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A low pressure area with a minimum pressure of about 1,000 millibars around 11 p.m.
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If you've got air at high speeds going across it, it creates a low pressure area.
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The low pressure area is intensifying as it moves slowly northeastward, spreading areas of heavy snow inland.
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Computer model simulation showing an extremely intense low pressure area off the Northeast coast on Thursday, Jan.
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The National Hurricane Center has flagged a low-pressure area forming off the west coast of Africa.
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This weather setup features an upper level low pressure area centered to the west of the Big Island.
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Computer model projection showing a strong low pressure area associated with what is now T.S. Ophelia striking western Ireland.
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This low pressure area will force the air to rise across the central Plains states, leading to powerful thunderstorms.
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The vortex also contributes to the support of the pappus, because it forms a low-pressure area so that air rises.
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The rains are the result of a stubborn low pressure area that has draped itself across Western Europe for nearly a week.
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The blustery weather was caused by strong southwest winds in association with a strong low pressure area to the north of Chicago.
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The rain was caused by a low pressure area over the Pacific that fed warm, moist air into Japan's seasonal rainy front.
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However, now over the northwest Atlantic Ocean, it's transforming into a beastly low-pressure area that is explosively developing and could break records.
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The polar vortex, the notorious swirl of winds around a low pressure area in the upper atmosphere over the Arctic, has split in two.
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It refers to a low-pressure area that sees an air pressure drop, or intensification rate, of more than 218.1 millibars in 24 hours.
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The flooding this time around is the result of a stalled low pressure area in the upper levels of the atmosphere above the Southwest.
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Right now, the jet stream has a sharp bend to it, carving out a low pressure area in the middle of the curve, or trough.
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A low-pressure area is created on top of the wing that provides a bit of lift, though it normally wouldn't be enough to matter.
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First and foremost, there was an upper level low pressure area that dug a deep dip, or trough, in the jet stream across the southeast.
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But if you have a low-pressure [area,] especially near a high pressure [one,] that gradient in that pressure is what causes winds to strengthen.
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This could be a storm for the record books there, as well as Downeast Maine, again depending on the exact track of the low pressure area.
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In fact, the center predicted that the storm would develop and intensify into a dangerous low pressure area that could doom ships caught in its path.
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If the low pressure area moves any closer to the coast than currently forecast, then snowfall totals in the big cities would be less than current estimates.
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A low-pressure area gathered strength in the Plains on Tuesday morning, with cold winter-like air to the north and warm, moist air to the south.
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Hurricane Ophelia's track forecast By the time Ophelia reaches northern Europe, it may no longer be a tropical system, instead possibly transitioning into a powerful extratropical low pressure area.
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This frigid air oozed across the Gulf of Mexico, into Florida, and served as one of the catalysts for a low pressure area to develop in the Bahamas on Tuesday.
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Severe thunderstorms, including possible tornadoes, exist where the low pressure area is drawing warm air from the Gulf of Mexico, threatening Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee, in particular, on Wednesday afternoon.
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A surface low pressure area also formed, causing winds to shift out of the typical northeasterly direction to the southwest, which is known locally as the leeward or "Kona" direction.
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However, subtle shifts in this atmospheric mating ritual, known to meteorologists as "phasing," can make a big difference in where the surface low pressure area forms and where it moves.
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Computer model projections show what is now Hurricane Ophelia approaching Great Britain and Ireland as a hurricane-force low pressure area by late in the weekend and early next week.
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The atmospheric river pounding the South has been penned in between a high pressure area off the Southeast coast, and an extraordinarily intense upper level low pressure area over southwest Mexico.
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The wind will be the result of the air pressure gradient between the rapidly intensifying low pressure area off the coast of Virginia and a strong high pressure area to the north.
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The atmospheric river is stuck in position for days, penned in between a high pressure area off the Southeast coast, and an extraordinarily intense upper level low pressure area over southwest Mexico.
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If the clouds continue to build up a thunderstorm will form, and that low pressure area can become more intense, drawing more moist air toward it and continuing to intensify the storm.
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The pressure difference between the low-pressure area crawling along the Mid-Atlantic coast and the high-pressure area to the north also resulted in extremely strong winds directed at the coast.
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However, a low pressure area that intensifies at least 24 millibars within 24 hours, occurring so soon after a similar storm broke low pressure records, is noteworthy, though is not assured in this case.
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This helped trigger a surface low pressure area, which strengthened rapidly on Friday night and Saturday morning as it moved up the coast to a position east of the Delaware shoreline by midday Saturday.
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Plus, large moisture and air pressure contrasts have set up across the region, as a low pressure area of near record intensity for this time of year sets up to the west of the region.
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Boston could get more than a foot of snow, according to the latest forecast guidance, and even New York City could get 5 to 10 inches, depending on the exact track the low pressure area takes.
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Boston could get more than a foot of snow, according to the latest forecast guidance, and even New York City could get 5 to 43 inches, depending on the exact track the low pressure area takes.
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The low pressure area will be connected to a plume of tropical moisture dipping far to the south and southwest, all the way to Cuba, near where a tropical weather disturbance may be located this weekend.
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The major driver of the weather pattern will be an upper-level low pressure area that will set up shop over eastern Texas and stubbornly drift slowly northeastward during the middle to late part of this week.
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All of this snow will result from a rapidly intensifying low pressure area that will move off the Mid-Atlantic coast on Monday night, to a position near or southeast of Montauk, Long Island, by Tuesday evening.
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The pressure difference between the low-pressure area crawling along the Mid-Atlantic coast and the high-pressure area to the north will result in extremely strong winds directed at the New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland shoreline.
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The storm is drawing its strength from the interaction between an "atmospheric river," a long plume of water vapor flowing from the tropics toward the West Coast, and a low-pressure area near Oregon, according to James.
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Wind gusts could exceed 60 miles per hour on Friday in the D.C. area, as the region will be located between the deepening low pressure area offshore and high pressure to the west, causing a wind tunnel effect.
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The Sri Lanka Meteorological Department said that a deep low-pressure area in the Bay of Bengal that had become a tropical depression by Wednesday had caused the rains, but that it was moving away from the island.
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The enormous circulation around this storm is likely to drag this cold air down behind it, as if the low pressure area itself is reaching around and slapping New Yorkers, Bostonians, and Washington, D.C. residents right in the face.
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It's unusual to see a low pressure area intensify so rapidly over land, since this is more common over the oceans, where the contrast between air masses tends to be sharper along with added potential energy from the oceans.
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The Sri Lanka Department of Meteorology said that a deep low-pressure area in the Bay of Bengal that had become a tropical depression by Wednesday had caused the rains, but that it was moving away from the island.
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The low pressure area forecast to hit southern New England on Monday night and Tuesday will be the third straight storm to undergo bombogenesis, meaning its minimum central air pressure will drop by at least 24 millibars in 24 hours.
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One reason why the snow will not accumulate to much more than 1 to 2 feet, despite the intensity of this storm, is that the low pressure area will move quickly northeastward, rather than slowing its forward speed and prolonging precipitation.
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Snow is also expected thanks to the development of a low-pressure area that is developing along the arctic front, and areas from the Tennessee Valley, along the Appalachians and upstate New York into northern New England should expect flurries.
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An animation from the North American Model, known as the NAM, shows the combination of the three disturbances and the formation of a deep trough, or dip, in the jet stream off the East Coast, with the low pressure area tucked into it.
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EDT Hurricane Hunter aircraft flying through the tropical wave found tropical storm force winds are present at the surface, but that the system still lacks a closed low pressure area, which is a prerequisite to being considered a tropical depression or tropical storm.
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If there were no Coriolis effect, air would simply rush into the low pressure center, "since nature abhors a vacuum, and a low pressure area is a partial vacuum," said Chris Landsea, a Science and Operations Officer at the National Hurricane Center.
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Monday is forecast to be the most volatile day, with an unusually strong low pressure area for this time of year centered near Kansas, drawing up moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and providing the strong winds needed for rotating thunderstorms to form.
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"These origins, along with the unusually high Atlantic sea surface temperatures are important because there has been extraordinary influence from latent heat fluxes and deep convection in this storm...," he said, referring to the formation of powerful thunderstorms as part of the low pressure area.
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They may have thought that cruising along the western side of the storm would minimize the waves, since the highest waves built ahead of the low pressure area, but computer models were consistent in showing an area of hurricane force winds on the backside of the storm as well.
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A low pressure area in the upper levels of the atmosphere will set up residence just to the west of the Mid-Atlantic, with a moist southeasterly air flow out ahead of it transporting an unusually moist air mass off the Atlantic Ocean and into the Mid-Atlantic.
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In Colorado, a 150-mile-long stretch of Interstate 76 was closed from northeast of Denver to the Nebraska border, according to AP. To the southeast of the low-pressure area, in the storm's so-called "warm sector," severe thunderstorms are occurring, with the chance of a few tornadoes on Thursday.
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The Weather Service has been warning that this will be a high-impact storm, particularly for the Philadelphia area and New York City, where power outages and "impossible" travel conditions are expected by the evening commute, as narrow bands of very heavy snow pivot across this region on the northwest side of the low pressure area.
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On May 20, a low pressure area formed south of Hong Kong and drifted east towards the Philippines. On May 21 the low pressure area rapidly organized and strengthened into a tropical depression. However it quickly dissipated due to vertical wind shear.
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The low pressure area moved at an average forward motion of through the United States.
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The same low-pressure area also induced heavy rain and flooding in parts of North Africa.
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Late on August 2, PAGASA reported that a low-pressure area had formed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone about 570 km to the northeast of Virac, Catanduanes. Early the next day PAGASA reported that the low pressure area had intensified into a tropical depression and named it as Domeng. During that day Domeng interacted with another low pressure area which was located to the north of the system, before merging with it early on August 4. After Domeng had merged with the low pressure area, PAGASA reported that Domeng had intensified into a tropical storm and reached its 10-minute peak sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph).
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On August 19, a low pressure area formed west of the Philippines. Favorable conditions allow the low pressure area to strengthen into a tropical depression on August 20.Kaemi made landfall over Vietnam on August 21 and it was reported that tropical storm Kaemi killed 14 people in Vietnam.
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Being a low-pressure area later, it was struggling to develop until intensifying into a depression on November 13. The system made landfall over India on November 16 and caused 16 fatalities, before it weakened into a low- pressure area, and then entered the Arabian Sea on the next day.
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On July 16, Bob's remnants moved into the western Atlantic, where they were subsequently absorbed by another low-pressure area.
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The next morning, RSMC New Delhi upgraded the low pressure area to a Depression and designated it as BOB 01.
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By the next day, the depression weakened into a low pressure area. The system dropped heavy rainfall along its path.
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In early June, a low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. The low pressure area remained stationary and became more well marked. On June 11, the IMD upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression giving it the designation "ARB 01". The same day, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 01A.
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Further weakening ensued as land interaction increased, and the IMD downgraded ARB 02 into a low pressure area on 25 December.
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Therefore, identifying regions of upper air divergence is an important step in forecasting the formation of a surface low- pressure area.
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The low pressure area intensified into Depression ARB 03 on the early hours of October 17. The system delayed the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon season by almost a week, a delay compounded by the formation of ARB 03 and the possible formation of another low pressure area over the Bay of Bengal by October 19.
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Early on August 3, the system moved ashore Odisha between Puri and Gopalpur. It progressed inland and weakened, degenerating into a remnant low pressure area on August 5. About a week later, a low pressure area formed on August 11 in the northern Bay of Bengal. By the next day, it organized into a depression, and quickly made landfall on Odisha near Balasore.
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On May 15, a monsoonal trough associated with a low pressure area formed north west of the Philippines. On May 17 the low pressure area started to drift across the northern Philippines, and rapidly intensified into a tropical storm before quickly dissipating due to vertical wind shear on May 20. The remnants were soon absorbed by a non- tropical low on May 22.
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On 9 December, Fritz developed from a low pressure area to the northwest of Willis Island. Fritz meandered erratically until dissipating on 13 December.
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In early December, a low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal. The low pressure area moved towards the Indian coast and became more well marked. On December 7, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression giving it the designation "BOB 06". At that time it was located approximately south-southwest of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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During the next two days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada, on November 2.
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Chapala quickly weakened over land, degenerating into a depression by 00:00 UTC on 4 November and weakening into a remnant low pressure area three hours later.
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A low pressure area began developing along the frontal trough, causing the storm to accelerate eastward. The ship Vant recorded winds as high as 80 mph (130 km/h) while passing between Fabian and the developing low pressure system on September 17 and September 18\. At around 1800 UTC on September 19, Fabian was absorbed by the low pressure area about 405 miles (650 km) southeast of Flores Island, Azores.
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A decaying cold front entered into Gulf of Mexico, and developed a low- pressure area of July 17\. Later that day, the low-pressure area developed into Tropical Depression One almost halfway between Louisiana and the Yucatan Peninsula. The depression moved northwestward, and minimal intensification occurred, as it approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. The depression made landfall in Texas near the Galveston area, and dissipated by July 21\.
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A monsoonal low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on August 16. It gradually intensified, organizing itself into a Depression in the early hours of August 20 over coastal West Bengal and adjoining northern Odisha and Jharkhand. Over the next few days, the storm moved west-northwestward, before weakening into a well-marked low pressure area on August 23. The depression brought heavy rainfall to coastal West Bengal.
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On March 17, a cluster of thunderstorms grouped together which formed a low pressure area far east of the Mariana islands. The low pressure area rapidly intensified and became a tropical storm 4 days after formation. Favorable conditions allowed the system to continue to intensify into a Category 1 typhoon. High wind shear on March 25 caused the system to weakened, and it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.
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Michael weakened to a tropical storm while accelerating northward on September 11, several hours before degenerated into remnant low pressure area, while located well west of the Azores.
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Three hours later, the storm was stalled over northern Virginia. A secondary low pressure area developed within the overall system further out to sea later on January 4.
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Hermine was determined to have weakened to a remnant low-pressure area over Oklahoma at 18:00 UTC on September 9, before dissipating over Kansas on the next day.
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Oscar developed from a low pressure area to the northwest of the Cocos Islands on 22 October. The storm moved generally southward for several days before dissipating on 1 November.
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Later that day, the depression degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. During the next two days, Raymond's remnant low slowly curved towards the west, before dissipating early on November 1.
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By late on September 21, much of the remaining deep convection was composed of only a ragged convective band with warming cloud tops. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center re-classified Nadine as a subtropical storm at 2100 UTC on September 21, due to an above-average, asymmetrical wind field and an upper- level low pressure area near the center. However, post-season analysis concluded that Nadine degenerated into a non-tropical low pressure area three hours earlier.
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An upper air cyclonic circulation developed into a low pressure area on May 28. It slowly organized itself, and favorable conditions led to the intensification of the low pressure area to a depression by the early hours of May 29. Slightly intensifying thereafter, the storm took a northward track and crossed the West Bengal coast in the evening hours of the same day, with peak winds of . The depression attained its minimum central pressure of on May 30.
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In late May, an area of convection developed near the Marshall Islands, and rapidly became a low pressure area. On June 1, the low pressure area organized into a tropical depression. Nestor intensified into a category 1 typhoon on June 7, as it started to affect the Mariana Islands. Nestor continued to intensify, and on June 10, Nestor reached its peak intensity as a category 5 super typhoon, as the storm began to affect the Northern Mariana Islands.
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However, Amy continued to persist through the next day before degenerating into a remnant low-pressure area late on December 18\. The following day, the associated remnants of Amy dissipated east of Vietnam.
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Because the atoll is located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between of rainfall each year.
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A low pressure area formerly associated with a weakening frontal boundary developed into a tropical depression on August 13\. The depression moved rapidly east-northeastward and was soon absorbed by the frontal boundary.
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The low pressure area soon became disorganized and the JTWC stopped tracking it later that day. Early on November 15, the disturbance regained strength and the convective banding around its LLCC improved and JTWC resumed tracking the system. At the same time, RSMC La Réunion upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical disturbance. The next day, the system lost most of its convection and Météo France stopped tracking the disturbance, reporting that their forecast models showed no chance of the system restrengthening.
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A low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on July 29. It intensified gradually, and the IMD classified the storm as a Depression in the early hours of July 30. The system made landfall between Balasore, Odisha and Digha, West Bengal by the same evening at peak winds of and a minimum central pressure of . Spending an entire day inland, the depression weakened into a well-marked low pressure area on August 1 over the state of Madhya Pradesh in India.
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A well-marked low-pressure area over Jharkhand and adjoining the Gangetic West Bengal intensified into a depression on July 26. It moved in a west-northwest direction until degenerated to a well marked low pressure area over east Madhya Pradesh during the next day. As a precursor low, the storm caused dangerous floods in West Bengal. At least 152 people died, while nearly 2 million people were affected in over 160 villages, which were inundated due to heavy rains.
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A tropical storm existed off the coast of Mexico during late June. The initial low pressure area formed near the Gulf of Tehuantepec on June 23, moving west-northwest near the coast into July 1.
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The storm rapidly weakened over the dry, mountainous terrain of western Oman. On May 27, the IMD downgraded Mekunu to a well-marked low pressure area, near the borders of Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.
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Early on June 25, Haima became a tropical depression after moving inland in Vietnam. As it made landfall over Hanoi, Vietnam, the JTWC and the Hong Kong Observatory downgraded Haima to a low pressure area.
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The active monsoon spawned a low pressure area in the central Bay of Bengal on October 12. The system had an area of convection about 925 km (575 mi) southeast of Kolkata, which moved slowly westward. By October 14, there was an exposed circulation center east of the convection, although it organized enough for the IMD to classify it as a well-marked low pressure area. On October 15, the agency classified it as a depression as the circulation moved closer to the thunderstorms.
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On August 6, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration started to monitor a low-pressure area that developed well east of Virac, Catanduanes. On the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency designated the low-pressure area as a weak tropical depression. Despite a broad and elongated low-level circulation center, it gradually organized, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the depression. Early on next day, the PAGASA upgraded it to a depression, naming it Enteng.
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On June 1, a tropical wave formed in the South West Indian Ocean. Two days later, the tropical wave organized into a low pressure area, due to favorable conditions. On June 5, the low pressure area was upgraded to a tropical disturbance by Météo-France, 400 miles (640 km) ENE of the Agaléga Islands, and later to a tropical depression. On June 6, JTWC designated it as Tropical Cyclone 20S, with the Mauritius Weather Service upgrading it to a moderate tropical storm naming it "Kuena" soon afterwards.
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On 3 August, a low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation. The system slowly intensified into a depression the following day while being located inland over Midnapore. The depression moved further inland, underwent intensification and was upgraded to a deep depression the same day. The storm moved further westwards and weakened into a depression on August 5, and was last noted as a well marked low pressure area on August 7 over northwestern Madhya Pradesh.
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After the severe drought conditions in Sindh during the months of July and August, an intense low-pressure area developed in Bay of Bengal in last days of August. The low-pressure area moved towards Sindh and brought torrential rains in Upper Sindh while rainfall, some heavy in other parts of Sindh during the first fortnight of September 2012. Highest rainfall was recorded in Jacobabad with the record of in just 7 days and in just 36 hours. Other records are in Larkana while in Sukkur.
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A low pressure area rapidly developed into Tropical Cyclone Sharon on 25 December. Sharon existed west of 90°E, which is now the western boundary of the Australian region basin. The storm dissipated on 31 December.
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Tim formed from a low pressure area to the southeast of Christmas Island on 2 January 1984. After moving northwest, Tim turned southward on 6 January. The cyclone decayed to a tropical low by 10 January.
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The low-level circulation center of the storm became exposed in the following hours and IMD downgraded the storm into a well-marked low pressure area on October 31, issuing its final advisory for the system.
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As a low-pressure area, Sinlaku dumped heavy rain associated with the southwest monsoon over regions of Luzon and Visayas. After crossing Luzon, the storm exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility but it intensified the monsoon.
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However, JMA tracked Genevieve until August 14, as it interacted with a high-pressure area. The remnant energy of Genevieve continued and was absorbed by a developing low-pressure area north of it on August 15.
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On 8 November 2015, during the annual cyclone season, a low pressure area consolidated into a depression and slowly intensified into a deep depression before crossing the coast of Tamil Nadu near Puducherry the following day. Because of land interaction and high vertical wind shear, the system weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area over north Tamil Nadu on 10 November. The system brought very heavy rainfall over the coastal and the north interior districts of Tamil Nadu. On 13 November, Kanchipuram recorded 340 mm of rain and several low-lying areas were inundated and Vembakkam close to Kanchipuram recorded 470 mm. On 15 November, a well-marked low-pressure area moved northwards along the Tamil Nadu coast, dropping huge amounts of rainfall over coastal Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh with 24‑hour totals peaking at 370 mm in Ponneri.
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Roughly six hours later on December 4, the JMA determined that Nanmadol had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. These remnants soon merged with another low-pressure area, creating a more powerful system that later tracked over Japan.
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The extratropical system passed west of Washington, D.C., and progressed into central Pennsylvania, dissipating near the Southern Tier of New York. Its remnants continued into the St. Lawrence Valley, where they merged with another low pressure area.
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Towards the end of May 2008, computer hurricane models forecast the development of a broad low pressure area to the southwest of Central America. On May 26, a large trough extended from the southwestern Caribbean Sea across Costa Rica into the eastern Pacific Ocean, forming a broad low pressure area across the region. A scattered area of strong convection developed, partially in association with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Located within an area of weak steering currents, the disturbance remained nearly stationary, and on May 27 its shower activity increased in organization.
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A large low pressure area developed within a tropical wave and organized slowly into Tropical Depression Eleven-E on September 3 south-southwest of the tip of Baja California. The broad wind field prevented rapid intensification and the system reached tropical storm strength on September 4. Although wind shear was light, Kevin weakened into a depression after just six hours, as it moved over colder waters. On September 6 the system degenerated to a non-convective low pressure area, which managed to survive for four days before finally dissipating.
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A non-tropical trough at the surface extended from the northern Gulf of Mexico across Florida into the western Atlantic Ocean. On August 3, the western portion developed into a low pressure area. The eastern portion slowly organized and ultimately developed into Tropical Storm Cristobal. The low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico steadily organized, and late on August 4 the circulation was organized enough for the National Hurricane Center to classify it as Tropical Depression Two while located 40 miles (65 km) east of Port Eads, Louisiana.
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By early on the following day, the depression degenerated into a low pressure area while located over eastern Virginia. The remnants continued northeastward across the Mid-Atlantic and New England, before being absorbed by an extratropical cyclone while offshore of Maine on November 11. Moisture from Tropical Depression Nine and a low pressure area that tracked across the Southeastern United States resulted in heavy rainfall over western North Carolina and western Virginia, with up to at Idlewild in the former. In North Carolina, flooding destroyed 384 homes, of highways, and 12 dams.
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Tropical Storm Chris caused minor flooding along the Gulf Coast of the United States in September 1982. The fifth tropical cyclone and third named storm of the 1982 Atlantic hurricane season, Chris developed from a surface low- pressure area in the northern Gulf of Mexico on September 9\. Although initially displaying subtropical characteristics, the low pressure area gradually acquired tropical characteristics, and was reclassified as Tropical Depression Four within 24 hours of development. The depression then began to intensify and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Chris on September 10\.
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On July 26, a low pressure area was observed east of General Santos City and was embedded along the intertropical convergence zone that brought heavy rains to Mindanao. During the next three days, the low pressure area crossed the Philippines and arrived on the West Philippine Sea on July 30, located west of Batangas. After favorable conditions, both PAGASA and JMA upgraded the system into a tropical depression and was named Jolina. On July 31, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical storm and was given the international name Jebi.
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When wind is driven into the foot of the pipe, a sheet of wind is focused by the windway across the mouth to strike just above the edge of the upper lip. This creates a Bernoulli effect, or "siphon effect", causing a low pressure area to be created just below the mouth. When this low pressure area reaches a critical stage, it pulls the airstream past the edge of the mouth, filling the vacuum. This alternately pressurizes the inside and outside of the opening, pressurizing and rarefying the air in the pipe's resonator.
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On August 25, a low pressure area developed in the South China sea, west of the Philippines, associated with the dissipating convection of Tropical Storm Zita. The low pressure area then started to strengthen, and slowly became a Tropical Depression on August 28. The system failed to strengthen for a while, due to a much stronger system just east of Cass, Typhoon Amber. However, Typhoon Amber soon started to move north, just a little farther from Cass, but was just enough for Cass to strengthen into a Tropical Storm.
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Early on September 8, a cluster of thunderstorms came together as a low pressure area with improving outflow and a developing low-level circulation center (LLCC). Later that day, the JMA upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical depression north-northeast of the Northern Mariana Islands. Over the next two days, the system gradually drifted west and intensified slightly, prompting the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on it. Convection gradually consolidated the LLCC and the JTWC initiated advisories on the system on September 11, designating it with 18W.
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On August 14, a low pressure area formed south of the Mariana islands and started to organize. On August 17 the low pressure area became a tropical depression and as it tracked northwestward, becoming a tropical storm on the 18th and a typhoon on the 19th. Favorable conditions allow Bilis continued to intensify to a super typhoon on the 21st, and it struck the southeastern coast of Taiwan as a Category 5 typhoon on the 22nd. It weakened slightly to a typhoon while crossing the country, and hit China on the 23rd.
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Thereafter, Leher rapidly weakened into a Depression and made landfall south of Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh on 28 November. Increased frictional forces led to the degeneration of the storm into a well-marked low pressure area, while it moved inland.
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Under the influence of unfavorable conditions and proximity to land, the system weakened and JTWC issued its final warning. Soon the IMD downgraded the storm into a depression. On November 10, the storm dissipated into a low pressure area.
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EST, but then was reissued and extended to 5:00 p.m. as more storms formed over the Everglades. Forecasters expected the low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico to bring a cold front across Florida on Friday, March 18.
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However, Anna transitioned into an extratropical cyclone after merging with an extratropical low pressure area at 0000 UTC on August 4, while centered near Sable Island. The remnants continued rapidly east-northeastward across the Atlantic until becoming unidentifiable on August 5.
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It lost almost all convection and degenerated to a remnant low-pressure area on October 23, and the National Hurricane Center issued its final advisory that night. The remnant low moved west before dissipating on October 27 over open waters.
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Under the influence of a persistent area of convection, a low pressure area formed over the Malay Peninsula, adjoining north Sumatra, in early December 2016. The low pressure area developed as a tropical disturbance over the next several days, as it slowly moved towards the southeast Bay of Bengal. On 6 December, The IMD classified the system as Depression BOB 06, as it had sufficiently organized itself, with sustained winds of 45 km/h (30 mph). Owing to low wind shear and favorable sea surface temperatures, the storm intensified into a deep depression on the following day.
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If a low-pressure area forms in the atmosphere, air tends to flow in towards it, but is deflected perpendicular to its velocity by the Coriolis force. A system of equilibrium can then establish itself creating circular movement, or a cyclonic flow. Because the Rossby number is low, the force balance is largely between the pressure-gradient force acting towards the low- pressure area and the Coriolis force acting away from the center of the low pressure. Instead of flowing down the gradient, large scale motions in the atmosphere and ocean tend to occur perpendicular to the pressure gradient.
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Under the influence of a persistent area of convection, a low-pressure area formed over the Malay Peninsula, adjoining north Sumatra, in early December 2016. The low pressure area gradually organized into a tropical disturbance over the next several days, as it slowly moved towards the southeast Bay of Bengal. On December 6, The IMD classified the system as Depression BOB 06, as the system had sufficiently organized itself, with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph). Owing to low wind shear and favorable sea surface temperatures, the storm gradually intensified into a Deep Depression on the following day.
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The low pressure area that would eventually develop into Cyclone Paula was first identified at 1800 UTC on February 25, embedded within a monsoon trough south of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. At the time, the system was positioned under an upper-level outflow center and located in an area of warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of about 30 °C (86 °F). Early the next day, a sharp increase in oceanic heat content triggered a rapid burst of convection in the northern and eastern quadrants of the system. Associated rainbands also began to increasingly curve toward the circulation center of the low pressure area.
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A tropical wave and a broad low-pressure area associated with it exited the west coast of Africa near Dakar, Senegal on August 30\. The low-pressure area, which had deepened to by August 31, moved south of Cape Verde. Although deep convection was minimal on satellite imagery, the system possessed a well-defined low- to mid-level circulation. After crossing several National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration buoys early on September 3, it was determined that the system developed into Tropical Depression Eight at 1200 UTC on that same day, while located about halfway between Cape Verde and the Lesser Antilles.
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Twelve hours later, the system degenerated into a remnant low pressure area devoid of any thunderstorm activity. The low persisted for a day as it tracked north- northwestward, eventually dissipating 70 mi (110 km) south-southwest of Bahía Asunción on July 26.
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This helps to maintain the low-pressure area below the car by keeping the front of the car low to the ground. While coil bind setups do yield faster lap times, the cars are more sensitive to turbulence generated by nearby cars.
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A low pressure area previously associated with a frontal system developed into a tropical depression near Bermuda on September 22\. The depression had sustained winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) and failed to strengthen further. It became extratropical on September 23.
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When Wilma made landfall, 4,355 passengers were stranded in seaports in Visayas, as well as 352 passengers were stranded in Manila. On November 4, Wilma weakened to a low- pressure area and also spawned a waterspout that caused minor damage in Bohol.
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At that time, the storm was located 185 km (115 mi) east-southeast of Masirah Island off Oman. The IMD also downgraded the depression to a low pressure area on September 28 and noted that the remnant system became poorly defined the following day.
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A quasi-stationary cold front moved southeastward toward Cuba on October 3\. Shortly thereafter, a low pressure area developed along its axis. At 00:00 UTC on October 4, Subtropical Depression Four developed offshore eastern Cuba. It then drifted north-northwestward and intensified slowly.
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A low pressure area which barely entered the Philippine area of responsibility (PAR), which at one point was north of Batanes and exited the country by August 14, as well as tropical depression located in the Pacific Ocean outside the PAR enhanced the southwest monsoon.
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A low pressure area tracked westwards over Pilbara. The low moved off of the Kimberley Coast on February 26. Over the warm ocean waters, the low rapidly developed within 24 hours to a tropical cyclone. Monty paralleled the Pilbara coast and intensified to Category 4.
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Prapiroon became a low-pressure area on the next day, though the JMA still tracked its remnants until July 10, when it finally dissipated. , 1 person from South Korea was killed by the storm. Agricultural damage in Okinawa Prefecture were about ¥49.39 million (US$446,000).
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It moved through the islands without intensifying beyond winds of 30 mph (40 km/h). The depression later crossed the entirety of the Caribbean Sea. On October 3, it struck northeastern Nicaragua, before becoming a remnant low pressure area the following day over Guatemala.
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By the afternoon of September 22, the cyclone weakened into a low pressure area. This low developed into a small extratropical cyclone when it linked up with a frontal boundary southeast of Japan on September 24.Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1983). Tropical Depression 22.
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Beginning on 14 May 2016, a low pressure area over the Bay of Bengal caused torrential rain to fall across Sri Lanka, causing floods and landslides which affected half a million people. As of 25 May 2016 the death toll was 101 with 100 missing.
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On August 27, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first mentioned the potential for low pressure area to develop south of Mexico as an area for tropical cyclogenesis. An area of disturbed weather formed on August 31 offshore western Guatemala, which developed into a low-level trough the next day. Favorable environmental conditions allowed the system to organize and develop a distinct low pressure area on September 2, which produced a widespread area of disorganized thunderstorms. A circulation began organizing within the system, leading to the NHC classifying it as Tropical Depression Fifteen-E late on September 4 about 220 mi (355 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.
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On June 8, 1984, a negatively tilted trough caused an extratropical low pressure area to form over the coast of the Socialist Republic of Romania (now non-Communist Romania). Surface moisture moved north from the Black Sea and caused nearby dew points to rise to ; though at that time these were restricted to Romania and the Ukrainian SSR, dew points were higher than average elsewhere. By 1800 UTC, developing thunderstorms over the Ukrainian SSR spread overnight into the Russian SFSR. Between 00 and 12 UTC on June 9, the strengthening low pressure area moved north-northeast over the northwestern Russian SFSR before undergoing occlusion.
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A trough developed near the equator in the eastern Indian Ocean on March 7\. A low pressure area formed on March 10 to the southwest of Sri Lanka, in an area with warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. Moving into the eastern Arabian Sea, the low organized into a depression on March 13 at the low latitude of 5° N. After its formation, the depression encountered cooler, drier air, which prevented the system from strengthening beyond an intensity of 45 km/h (30 mph). Moving northwest, the depression passed between the Maldives and the Lakshadweep islands, and weakened into a remnant low pressure area on March 15.
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On July 21 as the Madden–Julian oscillation entered its fifth phase, the Bay of Bengal became favourable for tropical cyclogenesis. As a result of this and an upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex, an area of low pressure developed on July 21, over the Gangetic West Bengal about to the southeast of Daltonganj. During the next day the IMD reported that the low pressure area had intensified into a land depression, with peak 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 35 km/h (25 mph). During that day, the depression moved towards the northwest under the influence of a monsoon trough before it weakened into a low pressure area during July 23.
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About 2½ hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2.
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Alma reached Category 3 intensity on May 30. The hurricane began to weaken almost immediately thereafter under the influence of wind shear and cool water. Alma rapidly fell apart, and degenerated into a weak low pressure area by June 1. The hurricane did not impact land.
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A low pressure area formed over northwest Bay of Bengal on 2 September. It concentrated into a depression the next day and crossed the north Orissa coast near Chandbali in the early morning of 4 September. Govindpur in Orissa recorded 150 mm of rainfall on 4 September.
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By 1200 UTC on November 27, the storm was downgraded to a deep depression. The system moved northwestward and weakened further to a depression six hours later. It degenerated into an area of low pressure area while located over the central Bay of Bengal on November 28.
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308px An example of a convergence zone is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a low pressure area which girdles the Earth at the Equator.Waliser, D.E.; Jiang, X. (2015). "Tropical Meteorology and Climate: Intertropical Convergence Zone". Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences 6(2): 121-131.
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Because gale-force winds were located well to the southeast of the center, the NHC ceased advisories on the remnants of Andrea. Upon reaching the Gulf of Maine, the extratropical remnants of Andrea were absorbed by another extratropical low pressure area around 0000 UTC on June 9.
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On November 12, PAGASA issued their final warning as it transform into a low pressure area. PAGASA renamed the system as Siony on November 12 as it redeveloped. Later that day, they issued their final advisory again as it moved out of their area of responsibility.
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After weakening to a tropical storm, Muifa made landfall at the estuary of the Yalu River on 8 August and the JTWC issued its final warning. Early on 9 August, Muifa weakened to a tropical depression in northeast China and later became a low-pressure area.
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After turning north, Bess began to weaken as it encountered less favorable conditions. On August 1, Bess was downgraded into a tropical storm. Shortly after that, the storm struck southeastern Japan, and on August 2 merged with a low pressure area atop of the Sea of Japan.
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In the afternoon, PAGASA upgraded the low pressure area into a tropical depression and named it Goring. After making landfall on Fujian, China, it dissipated on the evening on July 10. However, the JMA classified the system as a tropical depression until the evening of July 10.
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By September 8, there was no remaining thunderstorm activity, and the depression degenerated into a remnant low- pressure area. The storm dissipated shortly after as strong wind shear continued to cause the storm to deteriorate while located 980 mi (1580 mi) southeast of Bermuda. The depression never affected land.
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On August 25, a low pressure area developed in the subtropical western Pacific. The low traveled west-southwest, slowly gaining thunderstorms. On August 28, the system became a tropical depression, then tropical storm, as it turned to the north. Ivy continued to develop, becoming a typhoon on August 31.
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Shortly thereafter, the storm made landfall near Gilchrist, Texas later that day. Edouard quickly weakened and was downgraded to tropical depression by early on August 6, six hours before degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. Due to the relatively weak nature of the storm, impact was generally minor.
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A trough over the North Atlantic developed into the dominant low pressure area, causing Karl to turn northward around its periphery. By November 27, Karl merged with another approaching system and was declared extratropical by November 28, while it was centered roughly halfway between Cape Race, Newfoundland and Spain.
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Moving slowing in a northerly direction, the system weakened into a well marked low pressure area at 0000 UTC on 26 June over Kutch and its neighbouring regions. However, later on June 26, Depression ARB 02 dissipated completely. Mangrol in Gujarat recorded 130 mm of rainfall on 27 June.
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At each kink along the LEWP is a mesoscale low-pressure area, which could contain a tornado. In response to very strong outflow southwest of the mesoscale low, a portion of the line bulges outward forming a bow echo. Behind this bulge lies the mesoscale high-pressure area.
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The remnants of Tropical Depression Eight persisted over the northwestern Caribbean in late September. Convection increased and organized after a tropical wave reached the area. A circulation soon developed within the low- pressure area. It was estimated that Tropical Depression Ten formed on September 29 at 0600 UTC.
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The storm brought heavy flooding and wind, causing massive crop damage and loss of life. Sarah then weakened to a low-pressure area on October 15, but its remnants turned eastward towards Manila, Philippines, before curving westward towards Vietnam again. The storm's remnants fully dissipated on October 23\.
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Around this time, the tropical storm made landfall along central Honshu. Shortly thereafter, the JTWC reported that Bess was no longer a typhoon. On August 2, Bess merged with a low pressure area over the Sea of Japan. The JMA ceased monitoring the typhoon midday on August 3.
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Satellite image of the storm on October 29 Early on October 28, 2011, a ridge over Canada advected an unseasonably cold air mass across the Mid-Atlantic states and New England; at the same time, a surface low-pressure area began developing along the coast of Louisiana. A cold front moved eastward from the Ohio Valley and exited the East Coast of the United States, developing another low pressure area off the coast of the Carolinas on October 29. The remnants of Hurricane Rina had also been absorbed into the developing system. At the same time, an area of precipitation extended from South Carolina through Pennsylvania, mostly falling as rain with some snow observed at higher elevations.
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A low-pressure area offshore the west coast of Mexico developed in late August 2017. Early on August 26, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first discussed the probability of tropical cyclogenesis in a tropical weather outlook (TWO). Initially, the NHC assessed a 0% chance of development within two days and 30% chance within five days, citing marginally favorable conditions. An elongated trough of low pressure formed by late on August 27 and was initially composed of disorganized showers and thunderstorms. After environmental conditions became more favorable and the storm organized significantly - but still lacked a well-defined center - the NHC began classifying the low-pressure area as Potential Tropical Cyclone Fourteen-E at 21:00 UTC on August 29.
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In the second week of June, a large cyclonic gyre developed in the western Caribbean Sea during a positive phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation. Convection was enhanced by two tropical waves, with the first emerging into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on June 4 and reached the gyre between June 14 and June 15. As early as June 13, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) anticipated that a broad low pressure area would develop in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, which had the potential for tropical cyclogenesis. The second tropical wave began interacting with the gyre on June 17, resulting in the development of a broad low pressure area later that day.
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On June 14, a low-pressure area within the monsoonal trough formed east of Hainan, China. On June 16, the low-pressure area started to absorb the surrounding convection from the dissipating monsoonal trough and started to organize, promoting the JMA and the HKO to upgrading the system to a tropical depression later that day. On June 17, the HKO raised the Standby signal, No. 1 as the tropical depression was centered about 470 kilometers from Hong Kong, and the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system. Late on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Talim, and the JTWC upgraded Talim to a tropical depression.
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Late on October 30, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a low-pressure area had formed near Chuuk. On November 1, a tropical disturbance southeast of Yap persisted within the low-pressure area, as well as JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression east of Palau late on the same day. However, the agency soon downgraded it back to a low-pressure only six hours later, when the system remained poorly organised with convection confined to the western flank. Shortly after JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression near Palau again early on November 3, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system.
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Under active monsoonal conditions, a low pressure area formed over the north Bay of Bengal, near south Bangladesh on October 8. On the following day, the system intensified further into a well-marked low pressure area over the same region, and later, into a depression over the northern Bay of Bengal, near the West Bengal coast. The Madden Julian Oscillation lay over phase 4 with amplitude 1 and these conditions helped in maintaining the intensity of the system and associated convection and thus the storm intensified further into a deep depression later on the same day. An anticyclonic circulation lay over central India in the middle & upper tropospheric levels thus making the system move in a north-northwesterly direction.
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A propeller will at the low pressure side normally be supplied by air from all directions. Since the half-tube prevents air from being drawn from below, the air will be sucked through the channel instead. This creates a strong low pressure area in the channel, which again generates a lift.
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A low pressure area developed within the wave early on September 4, and associated deep convection became sufficiently organised for the system to be classified as a tropical depression at 1200 UTC that day. Operationally, the NHC did not classify the system as a tropical depression until nine hours later.
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By July 11, the system dissipated over northern Texas. Another tropical depression developed from a low pressure area over the northeastern Gulf of Mexico on July 28\. The depression tracked northwestward and made landfall in Franklin County, Florida, early on July 29\. It dissipated over Georgia by the next day.
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Later that day, Cyclonic Storm BOB 06 weakened to a depression. At 1800 UTC on December 25, the JTWC issued a final advisory on the cyclone, citing that it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area while located about 685 km (425 mi) east-southeast of Dondra Head, Sri Lanka.
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On May 30, an approaching trough turned the system northeastward, and Alberto entered southern Michigan as a tropical depression the following day. Soon thereafter, however, the system degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. The low crossed Lake Huron and dissipated over western Ontario by 12:00 UTC that day.
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Eventually, what was left of Harvey weakened to the point where the WPC terminated advisories on the storm, which it did at 15:00 UTC the next day. The remnants continued moving northeastwards while interacting with a developing low-pressure area over the Mid-Atlantic, dissipating shortly afterwards over northern Kentucky.
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Schematic representation of flow (represented in black) around a low-pressure area in the Northern hemisphere. The pressure-gradient force is represented by blue arrows, the Coriolis acceleration (always perpendicular to the velocity) by red arrows. Wind is initially accelerated from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.BWEA (2007).
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This system first became a low-pressure area near the Laccadive Islands on May 19, tracking northwest towards the Arabian peninsula. The system made landfall at Raysut on May 24. At Salalah, skies clouded over on May 23 as the pressure fell significantly. Winds turned northerly before midnight that night.
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The hurricane's track helped bring a plume of moisture into the Mid- Atlantic, which set the stage for a major flooding event when a low pressure area stalled on November 5 west of Washington, D.C. Major flooding occurred in Virginia and West Virginia, causing $1.4 billion in damage and 62 deaths.
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The system rapidly degenerated inland and dissipated into a low pressure area on June 13. 27 deaths were reported due to the cyclone in India. Prolonged rains associated with the system triggered severe flooding in Pakistan that killed 450 people. Approximately 400,000 were affected by the floods and damage amounted to $4.1 million.
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By September 3, the hurricane began interacting with a non-tropical low pressure area. On the following day, Doris quickly weakened to a tropical storm and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland, around 06:00 UTC. The extratropical remnants weakened and then dissipated late on September 4\.
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It weakened rapidly after moving inland and was downgraded to a tropical depression late on August 5\. Edouard then re-curved northwest over eastern Texas, before degenerating into a remnant low pressure area at 0600 UTC on August 6\. The remnant low continued northwestward until dissipating over northern Texas early on August 7.
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On November 23, 2000 a low pressure area together with inter-tropical covergence zone developed into a tropical depression. Later that day, JTWC announced that it became a tropical storm. It had maximum of winds of 75 km/h near the center, and a pressure of 990 mbar. It dissipated on December 7.
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The 2017 Visayas and Mindanao floods was an event that caused extreme flooding within parts of the Philippines, caused by several low-pressure systems. In mid-January 2017, several parts of Visayas and Mindanao experienced flooding as a result of a low-pressure area, combined with the tail-end of a cold front.
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After about one month of inactivity, on July 11, the JMA designated an low-pressure area near Luzon as a tropical depression. The next day, the JTWC designated the depression as an invest and was given a low chance of developing, and later upgraded to a medium chance. On the following day, the PAGASA upgraded the low-pressure system to a tropical depression and named it Carina. Over an environment favorable for further development, with low vertical wind shear, established equatorial outflow and 28–29 °C sea surface temperatures, Carina generally moved north-northwest until midday (12:00 UTC) on July 14, when Carina rapidly weakened into a low-pressure area, due to unfavorable environment of strong wind shear and diffluent easterly flow.
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Beginning on August 17, the NHC anticipated that a low pressure area would form within five days to the south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec in the East Pacific, with a 30% chance of tropical cyclogenesis. By the next day, the wave was located over Panama, and the NHC upgraded the potential for development to 60%. The wave crossed into the eastern Pacific with accompanying convection, developing a low pressure area on August 19\. Conditions were favorable for further development, and the thunderstorms increased and became better organized on August 20. After an increase in rainbands and outflow around the well-defined center, the NHC classified the system as Tropical Depression Thirteen-E early on August 22 about 370 mi (595 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.
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A low pressure area formed over west central & adjoining north Bay of Bengal off north Andhra Pradesh south Odisha coast in the morning of June 10. It concentrated into a well marked low pressure area over northern parts of central Bay of Bengal & adjoining north Bay of Bay on 11th morning and into a depression over north Bay of Bengal in the evening of 11th.). An anti-cyclonic circulation lay to the southeast of the system centre leading to poleward outflow favouring genesis of the system. Moving nearly north-northeastwards, it intensified into a deep depression over north Bay of Bengal in the night of 11th (1800 UTC)and peaked with estimated 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 55 km/h (35 mph).
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When Jal was just a low pressure area, it hit Thailand and strengthened into a depression. As a result, heavy to very heavy rains battered the country causing extensive flooding and claimed 59 lives. The government of Thailand estimated the total damage to be around . An Armed Forces helicopter delivering supplies to Hat Yai Hospital.
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Two days later, Connie merged with another low-pressure area. Despite passing well offshore Mauritius, both the airport and the port were closed due to lack of certainty in the storm's path. Connie brought several days of heavy rains and gusty winds to the island. One person was killed there and power was briefly disconnected.
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This cyclone was slightly stronger than an intense low pressure area which moved near Greenland on 14–15 December 1986, which was the strongest extratropical cyclone known to occur across the northern Atlantic Ocean at that time. Only three prior extratropical storms across the north Atlantic, and two since, have attained central pressures below .
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The storm then began weakening and fell to Category 1 hurricane intensity on September 13\. During that time, Gloria slowly began merging with a low pressure area that was located north of the Azores and lost tropical characteristics by September 15\. Gloria was centered well north of Flores Island in the Azores, at the time.
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Chin's Atlas has a tropical storm moving to the northwest of the Mariana Islands between the 15 and 16 of April. Weather maps indicate a weak low pressure area attached to a cold front, likely indicating the storm was extra-tropical in nature. The remnants of the storm was located several miles south of Japan.
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A weak low pressure area over the Arafura Sea developed into Cyclone Peter on 29 December. Peter moved southeastward and deepened while brushing Arnhem Land. Initially a tropical low, it strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone by 12:00 UTC on 29 December. Peter intensified further on 30 December and became a Category 2 cyclone.
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An area of deep convection and a low pressure area merged and became Tropical Depression Two-C on October 13. It slowly intensified and turned northwestward, developing into Tropical Storm Ana. The storm continued intensifying and was upgraded to a strong tropical storm. Ana turned westward, strengthening into a Category 1 hurricane on October 17.
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On October 16, a tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic. The wave tracked westward for several days. By October 24, it began interacting with a Central American gyre while situated over the southwestern Caribbean. By the following day, the interaction resulted in the formation of a low-pressure area.
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The JMA upgraded a low-pressure area to a tropical depression east of Visayas on October 31. PAGASA gave warnings to the system and named it Ramil. The storm brought rainy weather on the All Saints's Day (November 1) to Visayas. The tropical depression made landfall over Busuanga, Palawan at midnight on November 1.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression east of Mindanao late on December 11, and the JMA began to issue tropical cyclone warnings early on the next day. The NDRRMC confirmed a total of 83 people dead and calculated a total of Php3.747 billion (US$74.3 million) worth of infrastructure and agricultural damages.
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A low-pressure area west of Okinotorishima developed into a tropical depression on June 28. On the next day, PAGASA began issuing advisories, giving the name Florita. 6 hours later, Florita became a tropical storm, with JMA assigning Prapiroon for the international name. On June 30, Prapiroon began to intensify into a tropical storm.
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Kamba further weakened to a moderate tropical storm as convection associated with the storm significantly diminished. The final advisory by Météo-France was issued shortly after as the storm degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area. The remnants of Kamba persisted for a few more days before ultimately dissipating at 0600 UTC on March 14.
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The initial disturbance formed east of Vietnam during the first few days of August. By August 2, a low level circulation was present. Moving slowly to the north, the low pressure area developed central convection. By late on August 4, the disturbance strengthened into a tropical depression before reaching tropical storm strength on August 5.
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Furthermore, telephone service was interrupted and power outages occurred. Around 1,000 homes were damaged or destroyed and 100 people were injured. Overall, damage from the system was not widespread. After dissipating, the remnants of Hernan, in combination with a low pressure area that eventually became Tropical Storm Josephine, brought heavy downpours to southern Texas.
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A large area of convection formed on April 11. Late on April 14, a newly disorganized disturbance formed in that area and steadily intensified. The next two days, the disturbance interacted with another low-pressure area as it moved north towards warm waters. On April 17, the depression weakened due to strong vertical windshear.
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Later, the cyclone entered the Gulf of Mexico north of Cape Sable. On November 6, the tropical system weakened to a strong tropical storm, and it turned northwest. On November 7, the circulation turned east, and the cyclone weakened to a remnant low pressure area. On November 8, the system dissipated southwest of Saint Petersburg.
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On June 8, a low-pressure area formed in the eastern Arabian Sea. A nearby buoy recorded winds of 45 km/h (30 mph), which organized into a depression on June 10\. While remaining nearly stationary, the depression quickly intensified into a deep depression. The system later began a slow westward movement, due to a ridge to the north.
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On August 27, a low-pressure area organized into a depression about 230 km (145 mi) south of Kolkata. The system largely consisted of a circulation without much organized convection. It moved to the west-northwest and failed to intensify, moving ashore near Chandabali, Odisha on August 28\. Once over land, the depression stalled, before dissipating on August 29\.
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A low pressure area formed along a frontal boundary near the southeastern United States. The system slowly strengthened and developed into a separate vortex. Early on November 25, it became a subtropical storm while centered about southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. Shortly thereafter, the storm executing a tight counterclockwise loop as it rotated within the larger cyclone.
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Five known tropical cyclones existed in the eastern Pacific proper this year. I. The initial low pressure area formed on August 20 well southwest of Hawaii. Moving generally westward, it was a small hurricane on August 23 when it was last noted. This storm is known as the Vega Cyclone, named after the which reported the storm.
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Later, the storm began weakening due to increased wind shear and dry air. On August 3, Fabio deteriorated to tropical depression status, and later that day it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. The remnants continued westward, moving across Hawaii on August 7. Although Fabio did not impact land, its remnants produced heavy rainfall in Hawaii.
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On December 28, the ITCZ spurred an increase in convection in the northeastern portion of the basin. An elongated low pressure area developed by 31 December, accompanied by intermittent thunderstorms. The system slowly consolidated, and the circulation center was exposed but well-defined. Despite moderate wind shear, the convection organized into rainbands on the system's southern periphery.
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On September 21, the storm curved south-southeastward while south of the Azores. Later that day, Nadine transitioned into a non-tropical low pressure area. Due to favorable conditions, the remnants of Nadine regenerated into a tropical cyclone on September 24\. After re-developing, the storm executed a cyclonic loop and meandered slowly across the eastern Atlantic.
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In deserts, lack of ground and plant moisture that would normally provide evaporative cooling can lead to intense, rapid solar heating of the lower layers of air. The hot air is less dense than surrounding cooler air. This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in a low- pressure area called a thermal low.Glossary of Meteorology (2009).
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While still in the Southern Hemisphere spring, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) was active across the southern Indian Ocean in the middle of October. On October 18, a low pressure area formed, based on reports from nearby ships. It moved southeastward and slowly intensified, given the name Alex. Located southwest of Sumatra, the storm curved to the south.
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Wind shear caused the center of circulation to become exposed on July 9 as the system passed just south of Baja California Sur, leading to degeneration into a remnant low-pressure area at 0600 UTC. The remnant vortex persisted for a few more hours, before dissipating over cold sea surface temperatures at 0000 UTC on July 10.
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A new surface low-pressure area also developed over New Mexico. Nine hours later, lifted index values increased to -11, coincident with surface-based convective available potential energy (CAPE) values near 3,500 J/kg. Based on observations from weather stations, the first thunderstorms developed by 16:30 UTC (1:30 p.m. CDT/12:30 p.m. MDT).
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At 19:00 UTC on 29 April, the cyclone made landfall about 55 km (35 mi) south of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh while slightly below its peak strength. Moving through the mountainous terrain of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the cyclone quickly weakened and crossed into northeast India, where it degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area.
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The other tropical depression was reported to have existed in late July. A tropical low pressure area moved across Florida and entered the northeastern Gulf of Mexico on July 24\. By the following day, coastal radars indicated a relatively well-defined circulation. As a result, it is estimated that the system became a tropical depression later on July 25\.
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It degenerated into a remnant low pressure area only a few hours later. A high-pressure ridge blocked the system's movement, moving it to the east. By September 23, the system became a low pressure trough. Upper-level wind shear moved the circulation to the east- northeast and moved into the Atlantic Ocean the next day.
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An upper-level low pressure area in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico spawned a subtropical depression at 1200 UTC on September 29. Operationally, it was classified as Tropical Depression Thirty-Two. Six hours later, the strengthened into a subtropical storm. Early on the following day, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).
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A low-pressure area formed from an upper- level low several kilometers east-southeast of Japan on August 31. It started to organize and the southern part of the system has winds of tropical depression strength. On September 4, JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression. Although the system moved into an area of moderate vertical wind shear.
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A day after Bavi dissipated, a low-pressure area formed southwest of the Marshall Islands. It slowly drifted northwestward and became more organized over the next two days. The next day, the JMA started tracking the system as a tropical depression. On March 27, the JTWC started tracking the system as a tropical depression, and designated it 04W.
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The effects of Hurricane Dennis in Georgia included two deaths and $24 million (2005 USD) in damage. On June 29, 2005, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. Gradually, the system organized on July 2 and formed a broad low pressure area. The system continued to organize, and it became a tropical depression on July 4.
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A low pressure area formed along a dissipating cold front to the north of Puerto Rico. The system moved westward, developing some tropical characteristics by October 13. The next day, the system became a tropical storm over the Straits of Florida. On October 15, it crossed over South Florida near Homestead with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).
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In the atmosphere, the pattern of flow is called a cyclone. In the Northern Hemisphere the direction of movement around a low-pressure area is anticlockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, the direction of movement is clockwise because the rotational dynamics is a mirror image there. At high altitudes, outward-spreading air rotates in the opposite direction.
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Leveche (Llebeig or Garbí in Catalan; Libeccio in Italian) is the Spanish name for a warm southwest wind in parts of coastal Mediterranean Spain, either a foehn wind or a hot southerly wind in advance of a low pressure area moving from the Sahara Desert. Called by other names in other parts of the Mediterranean area.
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The Effects of Hurricane Dennis in Mississippi were mostly minor and included one indirect death. On June 29, 2005, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. Gradually, the system organized on July 2 and formed a broad low pressure area. The system continued to develop, and became a tropical depression on July 4.
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Zones of CSI (solid blue) and banded snow (dash green) along de warm front, near the low pressure area. CSI is usually embedded in large areas of vertical upward motion. The ideal situation is a geostrophic flow from the South with wind speeds that increase with height. The environment is well mixed and close to saturation.
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A low pressure area developed on December 4 in the south Andaman Sea. It consisted of a circulation with increasingly organized convection. The system moved west-southwestward through the Bay of Bengal due to a ridge to the north, organizing into a depression two days later. That day, the JTWC also classified it as Tropical Cyclone 06B.
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Floods also damaged 200,000 hectares (500,000 acres) of crops and of roads. At least 16 people were killed while waterborne diseases in the aftermath threatened to kill dozens more. A low pressure area formed in the western Bay of Bengal on November 19\. Moving to the west-northwest, it concentrated into a depression on the next day.
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A low-pressure area formed over Northeastern South Dakota very early on June 19\. As other storms formed across the Central U.S. throughout the day, this low moved slowly eastward into Minnesota, becoming the focal point for locally strong to severe storms, including two that would produce a violent F4 tornado and a strong F2 tornado.
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A low-pressure area developed near just north of eastern Cuba along the axis of a quasi-stationary cold front. The low became a subtropical depression on October 4\. Shortly before striking Andros Island on October 6, the system strengthened into a subtropical storm. The storm made its closest approach to Florida early on October 7.
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The system weakened into a depression by June 18 and laid centered over Jharkhand. The depression gradually drifted westwards and moved onto northern Madhya Pradesh by June 21. and slowly dissipated into a well marked low pressure area on June 23. Heavy rains across West Bengal triggered widespread flooding and landslides that killed at least six people.
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Later on November 29 the IMD downgraded the storm into a depression. Following the downgrading of the storm by IMD, the JTWC on November 30 issued their final warning on 05A. The IMD reported on December 1 that the storm had weakened into a well-marked low pressure area, and issued the final bulletin for the system.
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During that day the depression moved to the north-northwest, before the system dissipated during the next day. On July 16, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed about to the east of Hanoi in northern Vietnam, however it quickly weakened after interacting with land. On August 19, a low pressure area developed east-northeast of Guam.
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The weakening storm moved inland and weakened to a tropical depression shortly after landfall, with the HKO issuing their final warning on the system at 06:00 UTC on June 8 while it was located north of Wuzhou. The weakening system subsequently degenerated into a remnant low pressure area and continued northwestward before dissipating on June 9.
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A low pressure area developed on November 26 to the north of Madagascar. Located within an area of moderate wind shear, the system consolidated its associated convection while moving southwestward. The JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 03S on November 29\. That day, the disturbance turned to the south, paralleling the east coast of Mozambique while moving around a ridge.
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Severe Cyclonic Storm Jal was the fifth named cyclonic storm and the fourth Severe Cyclonic Storm of the 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Jal developed from a low pressure area in the South China Sea that organized into a Tropical Depression on . Jal is a Sanskrit word, meaning water. At least 54 people are known to have been killed in India.
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At around the same time, the hurricane made landfall west of Grand Isle, Louisiana. After moving inland, Bob quickly weakened due to land interaction, and was a mere tropical depression by July 12\. However, the resulting depression would maintain its intensity for the next several days. On July 13, the low-pressure area drifted into southern Ohio and afterwards curved eastward.
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Around March 26, an area of disturbed weather persisted just east of 90° E, associated with a low pressure area. That day, the JTWC began tracking the system. Located north of an anticyclone, the system tracked slowly to the south before curving to the west. On March 30, it became a tropical depression, and that day crossed into the basin.
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On June 14, a low-pressure area developed along the tail-end of a frontal boundary just offshore northeast Florida. By the following day, the low acquired tropical characteristics and likely became a tropical depression. The depression moved generally eastward and dissipated on June 16\. A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression just southwest of the Cape Verde Islands on August 1\.
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A low pressure area of non-tropical origins became a tropical storm on September 8 while situated about north of the Lesser Antilles. The storm moved slowly west-northwestward over the next few days with little change in intensity. By September 10, the cyclone curved north-northeastward, sped-up, and began to strengthen. Late on September 11, the storm reached hurricane status.
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A low pressure area formed in the Bay of Bengal on September 30 and gradually became more organized. It moved northwestward and developed into a depression on October 2\. Without intensifying beyond winds of 45 km/h (30 mph), the depression moved ashore Andhra Pradesh near Kalingapatnam on October 4\. It rapidly weakened into a remnant low and turned to the northeast.
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Later that day Danielle deteriorated to a Category 1 hurricane, hours before being downgraded to a tropical storm. On August 19, Danielle became nearly stationary and moved erratically while southwest of the Azores. Eventually, the storm curved west-southwestward and weakened to a tropical depression on August 20\. About 24 hours later, Danielle degenerated into a remnant low pressure area.
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In addition to the five other tropical storms, there were five tropical cyclones that remained a tropical depression. The first depression formed from a low pressure area just offshore Belize on June 1\. Moving northward, the storm dissipated over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico by the following day. Another tropical depression from non-tropical origin near Bermuda on June 15\.
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Ultra low volume fogging machines consists of a blower, a formulation-holding tank and in some equipment a pump. The machine can have an electric, battery or gasoline engine that drives the blower. The blower creates a low pressure area and forces air through the nozzle of the fog machine. Air pressure can be controlled by adjusting the engine speed.
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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mekunu was the strongest storm to strike Oman's Dhofar Governorate since 1959. The second named storm of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Mekunu developed out of a low pressure area on May 21\. It gradually intensified, passing east of Socotra on May 23 as a very intense tropical cyclone. On May 25, Mekunu reached its peak intensity.
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Thousands of homes were inundated and crops suffered extensive damage. Damage in the nation was about nearly 5.4 billion đồng (US$232,900). Flash floods across Thailand also killed two people. The remnants of Sinlaku emerged in the Indian Ocean and intensified into a well marked low pressure area between August 5–8, recreating a lot of torrential rain in portions of India.
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Thereafter, the storm started to lose tropical characteristics, with historical weather maps indicating a low pressure area imbedded within a cold front by September 10. Around 12:00 UTC, the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm. Late on September 11, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and was last noted at 18:00 UTC, while located about east- northeast of Bermuda.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on September 22 while located about southwest of the southwesternmost islands of Cape Verde. Moving northwestward, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm by early on September 23\. Thereafter, the storm proceeded to intensify very slowly during the next several days. On September 26, the cyclone began moving generally northward.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical storm about 835 mi (1,345 km) east-northeast of Barbuda early on September 23. The system moved northwest, and by 12:00 UTC on September 24, it strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. Late on September 25, the cyclone intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. A ship recorded a pressure of on September 26\.
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Later that day, Fausto was downgraded to a tropical storm and further weakened to a tropical depression the next day. With little or no remaining convection, the system degenerated into a remnant low pressure area as it traveled towards the west-northwest. The remnants of Fausto dissipated on July 24, while located about 1,065 mi (1,715 km) west of Cabo San Lucas.
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The initial low pressure area tracked eastward from the southern Great Plains on February 2. Gradually intensifying, it was situated over eastern Kentucky by 0000 UTC on February 4. As the system entered West Virginia, a secondary low began to develop over South Carolina. The new low quickly deepened, and absorbed the primary low over West Virginia into its expanding and strengthening circulation.
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On the 28th February 2008, a low pressure area formed near Newfoundland. The pressure in its center was around at the time of formation. Within a few hours, the depression had strengthened a lot, and had deepened to near the Faroe Islands. On the evening of the 29 February, the warm front reaches the German coast, causing great amounts of rain.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical storm about 185 mi (300 km) south-southeast of Bermuda early on September 27\. On the following day, the storm's barometric pressure decreased to - the lowest known pressure associated with the system. Moving west- northwestward, the cyclone produced winds of on Bermuda on September 28. Several hours later, the system began to move north-northwestward.
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At that time, the MFR classified the system as Tropical Depression C2, but the agency only issued two warnings. The JTWC tracked the system until December 23 when the system dissipated well to the southwest of Indonesia. On December 24, a cold front exited the southern African coastline, accompanied by a low pressure area that moved into the Mozambique Channel.
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Norman curved northwestward and weakened to a tropical depression early on September 29\. Around that time, it briefly moved inland near Topolobampo, Sinaloa, before re-emerging into the Gulf of California. Later on September 29, Norman degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. In anticipation of the storm, a tropical storm warning was issued for a portion of the Pacific coast of Mexico.
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It was a smaller- than-normal cyclone, only 450 km (280 mi) in diameter. The storm rapidly weakened after moving ashore, deteriorating into a deep depression early on 7 November. The JTWC issued their last advisory at 06:00 UTC that day, and the IMD downgraded the system to a remnant low pressure area over Telangana at 12:00 UTC.
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A broad circulation formed early on October 31. On November 1, the JMA reported that it was upgraded to a tropical depression that had developed, about to the south of Palau. On November 2, the tropical depression weakened into a low pressure area. On November 3, the system regenerated into a tropical depression, and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.
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On November 23, PAGASA announced that a low-pressure area east of Mindanao had developed into a Tropical Depression and had been named "Urduja". The same day JTWC designated the tropical depression as 27W. Early Of November 25, the depression has weakened into an area of low pressure. The remnants of Urduja were absorbed into Typhoon Nida during November 25 and 26.
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Rocket assist is most effective with subsonic artillery projectiles. For supersonic long range artillery, where base drag dominates, base bleed is employed. Base bleed is a form of a gas generator that does not provide significant thrust, but rather fills the low-pressure area behind the projectile with gas, effectively reducing the base drag and the overall projectile drag coefficient.
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Bill remained a tropical cyclone as it moved through the southeast United States, until it became attached to an approaching cold front on July 2 near the Tennessee–Virginia border. The remnant extratropical storm was absorbed by the cold front on July 3 near central Virginia, while the remnant low pressure area continued northeastward until reaching the Atlantic Ocean later on July 3.
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In another incident, a woman was killed after being hit by a falling flower pot. Elsewhere, a man was injured by a falling tree. Scaffoldings at a construction site collapsed, damaging two automobiles. Press reports also indicated that Pat and rainstorms associated with a low pressure area in mid-October left at least 90 people killed and left 500.000 homeless in Vietnam.
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The large typhoon continued almost straight north, maintaining its intensity, before encountering a polar front. It merged with the associated low pressure area near the Kuril Islands on October 30\. At this point Billie had completely translated into an extra- tropical low and passed over the Kamchatka Peninsula. Despite Billie's rather large size it did not pass over any significant land mass.
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In early October, a low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. It slowly consolidated, prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA on October 7. On October 9, the IMD started issuing its advisories for the system, designating it ARB 03. During the late hours of October 9, the JTWC stated the storm had reached gale-force winds, and commenced its advisories.
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A low pressure area formed in the western Bay of Bengal on October 25. It had a well-defined circulation, helped by low wind shear and good outflow. The IMD classified it as a depression on October 26, and later that day upgraded it to a deep depression. Moving northwestward, the system moved ashore near Ongole, Andhra Pradesh early on October 28\.
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A low pressure area in the northwestern Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical depression on September 24\. The depression brought locally heavy rainfall to areas of Honduras while tracking northwestward. Despite winds of only 30 mph (45 km/h), the Miami Weather Bureau prematurely named the depression Debbie at 1600 UTC on September 25. Several hours later, Debbie struck the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula.
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A low pressure area over the Bay of Bengal intensified, and was upgraded to Depression BOB 04 on October 19, 2011. The depression intensified slightly and the IMD upgraded the storm into a Deep Depression the same day. Later on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a Tropical Storm. The system moved inland and weakened into a depression.
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By 1:00 p.m. CDT (12:00 p.m. CST; 18:00 UTC) on April 30, a low-pressure area of at most was centered near Pierre, South Dakota, with a stationary front superimposed from north of Sioux Falls to near LaCrosse, Wisconsin. Nearby, a warm front also attended from south of Sioux Falls to near Des Moines, Iowa, and St. Louis, Missouri.
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An area of convection, or thunderstorms, persisted along the west coast of India on September 19. A distinct low pressure area developed a day later off the coast of Maharashtra. By September 21, a circulation was consolidating within the system, located east of the heaviest convection. The system moved slowly westward across the Arabian Sea, steered by a ridge to north.
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Late on July 23, an area of low pressure formed to the southeast of Chuuk. the system gradually drifted to the west and on July 25, the JTWC upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical depression. At that time, it was located approximately to the west of Guam. At midnight, that day, the JMA started monitoring the system as a tropical depression.
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Early December brought a period of cold settled weather to the UK, which offered some respite from the flooding. On 14 December, low pressure area Nicki brought coastal flooding along the south coast of England and eastern Scotland. Weymouth harbourside was flooded, and 30 homes in Looe were also flooded. Some residents in the Scottish towns of Stonehaven and Peterhead were evacuated.
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On October 21, a westward-moving tropical wave entered the Caribbean. The wave quickly developed organized convection, indicating that a possible low-pressure area had developed along the wave. Continued development led to the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Five (which would later be named Alpha). The wave continued to move towards the west, producing minimal shower and thunderstorm activity.
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On July 13 a cluster of thunderclouds grouped together to form a low pressure area. On July 14 it started to organize and slowly became a tropical depression on July 19, and quickly intensified into a tropical storm. On July 22 convection was displaced to south of the storm's center due to high wind shear, and caused it to dissipate.
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On July 29, a cluster of thunderstorms quickly formed into a low pressure area, which became Tropical Depression 12W on August 1. Favorable conditions allowed the system to rapidly intensify, and it was named Jelawat. On August 2, it reached its peak intensity as a Category 4 typhoon. On August 3, Jelawat weakened into a category 2 typhoon due to unfavorable wind shear.
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The JTWC estimated higher wind speeds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Wind shear from the westerlies displaced the convection, which continued ahead of the circulation. The center of the storm slowed and turned to the southeast as the winds quickly diminished. By November 16, the system weakened into a remnant low-pressure area off the coast of Gujarat and Sindh.
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On November 12, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first noted the potential for a low pressure area to develop in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, assessing a low probability for tropical cyclone formation within five days. After a convectively coupled Kelvin wave and several nearby tropical waves interacted with each other in the aforementioned area, atmospheric pressure in that region began falling on November 14, resulting in a broad low pressure area forming north of Colombia on November 15. The low moved slowly and erratically, with a disorganized structure and light winds, disrupted by unfavorable upper-level conditions. On November 19, the convection increased and became better organized, amid marginally favorable conditions. The Hurricane Hunters flew into the system on November 20, observing a well- defined circulation, and the system became a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC that day.
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Early on September 3, the IMD reported that an area of low pressure had formed embedded within the monsoon off the Orissa coastline. During the next day it developed further with the IMD reporting that the low pressure area had become well marked with deep convection starting to consolidate around a developing low level circulation center in an area of moderate vertical wind shear. Early on September 5, as the area of low pressure was moving into an area of low vertical windshear the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, whilst the IMD reported that the low pressure area had intensified into a Depression. Later that day the IMD reported that the depression had intensified further and had become a Deep Depression, whilst the JTWC designated the depression as a Cyclone 03B, with winds equivalent to a tropical storm.
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Thereafter, the storm continued to slowly weaken and lose tropical characteristics. At 0000 UTC on September 4, Danielle transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located east-southeast of Newfoundland. The remnant extratropical cyclone reached the British Isles on September 6, before merging with an extratropical low pressure area two days later. Offshore Newfoundland, rogue waves were reported, though the only effects on land were light rainfall.
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The depression headed northward along the eastern periphery of a cutoff low pressure area. Although wind shear was not very strong, the depression initially failed to strengthen. Nonetheless, the depression organized further and intensified into Tropical Storm Tony at 0000 UTC on October 24. A mid-level trough to the northwest and a ridge to the east caused the storm to curve northeastward on October 24\.
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The Gregale (, , , , , , Graigos) is a Mediterranean wind that can occur during times when a low-pressure area moves through the area to the south of Malta and causes a strong, cool, northeasterly wind to affect the island. It also affects other islands of the Western Mediterranean. The italian name "Grecale" could be translated as Greek wind, as the wind starts at the Ionian Island Zakynthos.
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Aided by an approaching trough, a small low pressure area redeveloped on September 19, which struck southern Texas and moved to the northeast. This low eventually dissipated over Louisiana on September 22, having produced gusts of along the Texas coast. When the precursor to Gerda passed through the Lesser Antilles, it dropped of rain. Stations in the United States Virgin Islands reported winds up to .
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On September 6, a broad low pressure area developed between the Bahamas and Bermuda. The system moved northward, organizing into a tropical storm on September 9\. The system had a large wind field, and was likely a subtropical cyclone. Moving northwestward at first, the storm turned to the northeast ahead of a cold front, with sustained winds of around 45 mph (75 km/h).
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression on September 19, while located about 245 mi (395 km) southeast of Awendaw, South Carolina. The system, which had an "extremely small diameter", moved in a slow cyclonic loop. Around 1200 UTC on September 20, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. By midday on September 22, it continued the cyclonic loop while moving northwestward.
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However, Dennis remained a minimal tropical storm for four more days before deteriorating to a tropical depression on September 18, as reported by a Hurricane Hunters plane. The depression turned abruptly northwestward through a weakness in the subtropical ridge, suggesting a new low pressure area developed. On September 19 it turned to the northeast, and on September 20 Dennis merged with an extratropical low.
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Danielle officially transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on September 4 according to a post-season report from the NHC, while located east-southeast of Newfoundland. The remnants of Danielle traversed east and eventually northeastward across the Atlantic Ocean. It produced rough seas in the British Isles on September 6 before merging with an extratropical low pressure area north of Ireland on September 8.
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On 3 October, a broad low-pressure area had formed along a stationary front about west of the Azores. The low meandered over the north Atlantic for days. On 6 October, a large wind field had formed associated with the low. The low only developed shallow, weak convection, along with a long, curved cloud band, and a cold-core center—typical characteristics of an extratropical low.
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Soon thereafter, the storm began weakening due to increased dry air and the upper-level environment becoming unfavorable. The thunderstorms diminished and disappeared over the circulation by October 10\. That day, the JTWC discontinued advisories, and the IMD downgraded it to a remnant low pressure area south of Pakistan. The storm brushed the Indian coast with rainfall, reaching in Gujarat state, although there was no major damage.
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Located within a weakness of the ridge, the depression moved slowly to the north and northeast, and was initially expected to move ashore. However, increasing shear removed the convection from the center, and the storm remained offshore while weakening. On November 12, the IMD downgraded the system back to a low pressure area. The storm brought rainfall to coastal portions of eastern India, peaking at in Paradip.
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A tropical cyclone can dissipate when it moves over waters significantly below . This will cause the storm to lose its tropical characteristics, such as a warm core with thunderstorms near the center, and become a remnant low-pressure area. These remnant systems may persist for up to several days before losing their identity. This dissipation mechanism is most common in the eastern North Pacific.
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On November 1, an area of disturbed weather – a mass of cloudiness and thunderstorms – developed over the western Caribbean Sea. Subsequently, a low pressure area began to form. The system was designated a tropical depression early on November 3, while located about to the south of the Cayman Islands. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center began issuing advisories on the tropical depression at on November 3\.
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An extratropical low-pressure area formed east of Bermuda on November 10\. The low moved southwestward and gradually acquired tropical characteristics. By 00:00 UTC on November 11, it developed into a tropical storm, while located about 415 mi (670 km) south-southeast of Bermuda. Around that time, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of .
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In January 2017, Cagayan de Oro, along with other parts of Visayas and Mindanao, was impacted by a combination of a low-pressure area and the tail-end of a cold front. The heavy rain inundated many streets, stranding many commuters. At the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP), about 900–1,000 students were trapped as most of their campus was flooded.
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Hurricane Dennis intensifying offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. On June 29, 2005, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. Gradually, the system organized on July 2 and formed a broad low pressure area. The system continued to organize, and became a tropical depression on July 4. Tracking westward, it became a tropical storm on July 5 and a hurricane on July 7.
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The latter system slowly organized, developing a low pressure area on September 11\. Subsequently, the system moved over the Yucatán Peninsula. Although land interaction prevented immediate development, conditions favored further development in the Bay of Campeche. Early on September 12, the low emerged into the bay, and at 1800 UTC the National Hurricane Center (NHC) assessed that Tropical Depression Ten developed about east-northeast of Veracruz.
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On December 16, Meteo-France tracked a low-pressure area inside an area of possible tropical cyclone development. While tracking southwest, it then intensified to tropical storm status and then cyclone status. On December 23, it passed east of Mauritius, bringing beneficial rainfall and gusting winds that knocked down tree branches. It then turned southeast and weakened, later dissipating in the far southern reaches of the basin.
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A trough and an associated low-level circulation were observed over the Gulf Coast of the United States on August 7\. The system moved eastward and entered the Atlantic Ocean, where it transitioned into a low pressure area offshore Georgia on August 9\. Around that time, the system developed into a subtropical depression. It strengthened and slowly acquired tropical characteristics while moving east-northeastward.
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In the second week of July, an area of convection merged with a cut-off low pressure area, which developed on July 8\. After about 7 days, ship data indicated that a circulation developed on July 15\. Thus, the system became Tropical Depression One at 1800 UTC that same day, while located south-southeast of Bermuda. The depression slowly curved northwestward around Bermuda and began strengthening.
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On September 28, moisture from the storm began spreading across Mexico and the southwest United States, due to a stalled low pressure area off the coast of California drawing the thunderstorms northeastward. Tropical Storm Octave played a vital role in the disaster by supplying warm, moisture to the region, which collided with cooler air from the subtropics. By October 2, the heaviest rainfall had ended.
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Cars, such as the Toyota Eagle MkIII and the Jaguar XJR-14 employed two-tier wings to enhance this effect. One profile was mounted high, in order to hit relatively clean air. The other profile was mounted almost flush with the bodywork behind the chassis. This wing's profile is used to drive the diffuser, creating that low pressure area to help move air from the underbody.
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The highest total was in Everglades National Park. One person died in Palm Beach County when a farm worker was swept into a canal drainage pipe. High waves from the hurricane affected the northern coast of Puerto Rico, causing minor flooding. On October 18, a low pressure area developed near Norfolk, Virginia, which moved up the coastline and struck New England the next day.
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Unexpectedly the storm turned sharply northeastward into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters, Floyd briefly attained hurricane status on October 12\. Around the same time, the nearby cold front spawned a low pressure area that cut off the hurricane's inflow. While moving through the Florida Keys, Floyd became the only hurricane to affect the United States that year.
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Just southwest of Jangmi, a disorganized low-pressure area formed and would soon become Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala, reaching China. A few days later, a new tropical depression formed in the South China Sea, and PAGASA named the system as Helen. Shortly after, Helen intensified into a Severe Tropical Storm Higos, the 7th named storm on the 2020 typhoon season. Higos then went on to hit China.
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A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on June 27, which reached the eastern Pacific on July 7. The system spawned a low pressure area south of Mexico. Associated convection gradually became better organized, and the system organized into Tropical Depression Three-E early on July 11. Steered by a subtropical ridge over Mexico, the storm tracked west-northwestward for its entirety.
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A low pressure area formed in the Philippine Sea, east of Leyte, on October 13. Soon, the PAGASA declared the newly formed system as a tropical depression and assigned it the name Ofel. The PAGASA immediately raised warning signals for the province of Sorsogon and for parts of the Samar province. On the same day at 18:30 UTC, Ofel made landfall over Can-avid, Eastern Samar.
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At 06:00 UTC on November 10 the storm weakened to a deep depression, and three hours later Megh made landfall in southwestern Yemen northeast of Zinjibar, with estimated winds of 55 km/h (35 mph). The structure eroded significantly over land, prompting the JTWC to discontinue advisories. The circulation continued inland, and Megh degenerated into a low pressure area by 18:00 UTC on November 10.
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On October 19, a low- pressure area moved into the southwestern Caribbean Sea. The area of disturbed weather quickly became well-organized, and was analyzed to have become a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on October 20\. Initially, the tropical cyclone moved very slowly towards the west and then the northwest. Shortly after formation, the disturbance intensified into a tropical storm at 1800 UTC later that day.
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A low pressure area developed on January 5 near Christmas Island in the Australian basin. Moving westward due to a large anticyclone to the south, it gradually intensified and was named Chris by the BoM. The storm developed an eye on January 9, and that day crossed 90° E into the south-west Indian Ocean. On January 11, the Mauritius Meteorology Service renamed the storm as Damia.
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Two days after Celesta dissipated, another tropical depression formed in the same region on February 16 from a broad low pressure area involving Celesta's remnants. It moved northeastward and later turned to the southeast due to a trough. The new depression vacillated in intensity but remained weak. On February 22, the JTWC also began issuing warnings on the depression, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 19S.
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The ITCZ became active toward the end of February. On February 24, Tropical Disturbance H1 formed from a low pressure area to the west of Réunion. It moved quickly to the southeast, intensifying into a tropical depression, but dissipating on February 26 when it was absorbed into a trough. A day later, another disturbance formed near Réunion, which produced torrential rainfall, reaching in some locations.
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A low pressure area formed over the Congo Basin on April 9. The next day it moved offshore northern Angola with a curved cloud pattern. It moved westward over an area of warm waters while the circulation became better defined. According to the United States National Hurricane Center, the system was probably either a tropical depression or a tropical storm at its peak intensity.
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Norman made landfall near Topolobampo with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) at 0500 UTC on September 29\. Shortly thereafter, the storm re- curved west-northwestward and re-emerged into the Gulf of California. Norman degenerated into a remnant low pressure area at 1200 UTC on September 29\. The remnant low moved slowly west-southwestward, before dissipating over Baja California Sur near Loreto on September 30.
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A tropical depression formed on July 19, 1970. As the depression moved through the Yucatán Channel, the convective cloud system became better organized. On July 20, in light of data from a Reconnaissance Aircraft flight, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Becky. The storm moved roughly northward under the influence of the Bermuda High to the east and a low- pressure area over Mexico.
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Ship reports on September 19 indicated the presence of low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico, centered about west-northwest of Key West, Florida. It is estimated that a tropical depression developed at 1200 UTC on that day. The depression headed north-northwestward and did not strengthen. By early on September 21, the depression made landfall between Panama City and Port St. Joe, Florida.
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Cyclone Peter was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in Australia. The third system and first severe tropical cyclone of the 1978–79 season, Peter developed on 29 December from a weak low pressure area over the Gulf of Carpentaria. Peter moved southeastward and deepened while brushing Arnhem Land. Initially a tropical low, it strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone by 12:00 UTC on 29 December.
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Despite moving back over open waters, the depression failed to intensify further. Operationally, the system was thought to have made landfall in east-central Florida, but later analysis revealed that the center remained over water. The depression continued northward until striking near Charleston, South Carolina late on June 16, still with the same intensity. It degenerated into a remnant low pressure area about six hours later.
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The next day, the storm passed about 110 km (70 mi) north of the North Island. Around the same time, the storm began slowly filling, meaning the low pressure area associated with Bola was losing its identity. It turned southward on March 9, and on March 12 was absorbed by a stationary trough in the Westerlies near the western coast of the South Island.
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A low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal in mid- August 2016. It slowly consolidated, prompting the IMD to upgrade the system to a Depression on 16 August. The system brought heavy rainfall to the eastern states of India, a region which was experiencing deficient monsoon rains. Chandabali and Balasore in Odisha recorded and of rainfall respectively in a span of 21 hours.
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A tropical wave exited Africa into the Atlantic Ocean on August 18, and the northern portion split to become Tropical Storm Danny. The wave continued westward without development, crossing Central America into the Pacific Ocean on August 28. Convection remained minimal until September 3, when the system became better organized. A Low-pressure area developed on September 6, and deep convection consolidated around the circulation.
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The origins of the depression were from a broad upper-level trough that extended northeastward from The Bahamas. An area of convection developed near the Bahamas, spawning a low- pressure area on July 19\. The next day, the system organized into Tropical Depression Two, after confirmation from the Hurricane Hunters. Upon developing, the depression was poorly organized, with most of the thunderstorms located south of the center.
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In the evening and overnight hours of November 3, the tropical depression continued to the northeast, making landfall in Florida at a location near Tampa Bay. The depression crossed Florida, weakening significantly, and becoming extratropical. After emerging from land in the Atlantic Ocean on November 5, the depression had become a low pressure area once again and was last spotted that day near the Carolina Capes.
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On September 20, a low pressure area developed within the same frontal boundary that had curved Hurricane Carrie towards the Azores. Rapidly developing, the system was classified as a tropical depression at 1200 UTC later that day, southwest of Bermuda. Initially, the depression was ill- defined and was slowly moving to the southwest. The following day, the attached cold front dissipated, allowing for the system to intensify.
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On November 1, a tropical disturbance developed over the Gulf of Thailand. Aided by well-developed outflow, a low pressure area quickly formed within the disturbance. Classified a tropical storm early on November 2, Gay rapidly intensified into an intensify typhoon over warm waters. The following day, the storm attained super typhoon status and a clear eye developed within a concentrated area of deep convection.
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A low pressure area consolidated into a depression on November 5. It intensified further, prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA and the IMD to upgrade it into a deep depression. In the following days, the storm's convection flourished as environmental conditions recuperated. By November 8, Megh rapidly intensified into a marginal Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm, peaking with winds exceeding and a minimum central pressure of .
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Moving on a parabolic course east of the Philippines, Judy gained tropical storm status on February 2, and typhoon strength on February 4 after recurving to the northwest of the subtropical ridge. As westerly winds increased aloft, vertical wind shear weakened Judy back into a tropical storm, which lost tropical characteristics on February 6. After drifting slightly more east-northeastward, the low pressure area dissipated.
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Severe Tropical Cyclone Ami (RSMC Nadi designation: 05F, JTWC designation: 10P) was one of the worst cyclones to affect Fiji. The system was the third cyclone and the second severe tropical cyclone of the 2002–03 South Pacific cyclone season. Cyclone Ami developed from a low-pressure area east of Tuvalu on January 12. Originally, the storm moved slowly towards the southwest early in its existence.
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The system weakened slowly as it pushed inland, degrading to a tropical depression on July 23\. The depression turned northwards then eastwards while moving over Northeast China on July 24, before degenerating to a remnant low-pressure area by 00:00 UTC on July 25\. The leftover system eventually dissipated over the Russian Far East while still inland by 12:00 UTC on July 26.
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Subpolar gyres form at high latitudes (around 60°). Circulation of surface wind and ocean water is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, around a low-pressure area, such as the persistent Aleutian Low and the Icelandic Low. Surface currents generally move outward from the center of the system. This drives the Ekman transport, which creates an upwelling of nutrient-rich water from the lower depths.
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A subtropical depression developed from a cold-core low pressure area southeast of the Carolinas on May 23\. After initially moving northeastward, it turned sharply southward on May 26 due to a building ridge of high pressure. Later that day, the system strengthened into Subtropical Storm Alpha and proceeded to move toward the coast of Georgia. After peaking with maximum sustained winds of , Alpha began weakening.
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The climate is influenced by the Northeast Monsoon winds and the Pacific trade winds. These Monsoon winds create the low pressure area in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in tropical cyclones that affect the area in November and December. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with low rainfall between January to May and high rainfall between June and December. In the lower basin, mean annual rainfall ranges between .
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A tropical wave entered the eastern Pacific on August 15 and formed a surface low pressure area south of Mexico on August 19\. After consolidating and organizing somewhat, the system became Tropical Depression Eleven-E late on August 23\. However, colder SST's caused convection to diminish almost immediately, while moving parallel to the southern coast of Baja California. as thunderstorm activity slowly decreased due to cool SST's.
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Shortly thereafter, Dalila either crossed or moved very close to Socorro Island on July 25\. Due to decreasing sea surface temperatures, the storm slowly began to weaken, after curving west-northwestward. Early on July 27, Dalila was downgraded to a tropical depression, several hours before degenerating into a remnant low pressure area. Despite its close passage to Socorro Island near peak intensity, no impact was reported.
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At that time it was located approximately northwest of Mumbai, India and southeast of Veraval, Gujarat. Later, on June 12, IMD reported that the depression had crossed the Saurashtra coast of India about 25 km east of Diu. Later on the same day, the IMD reported that the depression had weakened into a well-marked low pressure area in their last bulletin for the system.
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A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 30\. The system moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean without much convection, or thunderstorms. On August 8, the wave crossed the crossing the Windward Islands and entered the Caribbean Sea, whereupon convection increased. A broad low- pressure area was evident on August 10 in the central Caribbean Sea.
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Before Hikaa, only two depressions had struck Oman in the month of September, in 1929 and 1979. The storm quickly weakened over land, as dry air and land interaction diminished the convection. Early on September 25, the IMD downgraded Hikaa to a deep depression, and later to a low pressure area, by which time the storm was near the border of Oman and Saudi Arabia.
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The storm encountered with strong wind shear, which caused it to weaken rapidly into a low pressure area over west Jharkhand, on October 10. The system produced heavy rainfall in East India, and also caused 3 deaths in Odisha by lightning and heavy rainfall. The system caused 200 mm of rainfall in Durgapur. Halisahar recorded 105 mm with strong gusty wind of 65 km/h.
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A low pressure area to its west over Cuba had been steadily intensifying and building toward the surface, and on October 9 it developed into a tropical depression; the cyclone became the dominant system, eventually becoming Marco, and Klaus dissipated under the influence of the system late on October 9. The remnant moisture continued to the northwest, reaching the coast of South Carolina by October 11.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression on October 21 about 300 miles (480 km) northwest of Guam. After initially moving northwestward, it turned to the north and intensified into a typhoon on October 22. On October 23 it passed near or over the Ogasawara Islands, where a recording station reported a pressure of . The typhoon was last observed on October 23 accelerating northeastward.
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A low pressure area accompanied by a well-defined circulation persisted over central India on October 11\. By the following day, the system emerged into the Arabian Sea, whereupon its convection organized west of a sheared circulation. On October 12, the system organized into a depression, classified Tropical Cyclone 02A by the JTWC. Steered by a ridge, it moved to the west-northwest and gradually intensified.
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On January 10, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed, about to the southeast of Manila, Philippines. The JMA expected the system to develop into a tropical storm within 24 hours, despite it being located in an area of marginal conditions for further development. Under moderate vertical wind shear, the system became highly sheared on the next day, although strong northeasterly trade wind surges and a good westward outflow enhanced by the strong easterly upper-level winds were helping to sustain the associated convection. On January 12, the JMA no longer expected a tropical storm and even downgraded the tropical depression to a low-pressure area late on the same day, when convection became more disorganized. The low-pressure area crossed Mindanao, Philippines from the south on January 13 and emerged into the area off the northeast coast of Mindanao on the next day.
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A cluster of thunderstorms developed over Florida in late May. A shortwave trough brought it to the northeast, enhancing convection around a developing center of circulation. The low pressure area, which formed on May 31, developed into a subtropical depression on June 1. Operationally, it was treated as a frontal low, but post-analysis suggested it remained separate throughout its lifetime, and was classified as an unnamed subtropical storm.
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A weak tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on October 9. As the system reached the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 12, convection increased, and a broad low pressure area formed later that day. Over the next two days, the low significantly organized, and became Tropical Depression Fourteen at 1200 UTC on October 14. The depression initially tracked west- northwestward, but then curved to the north-northeast.
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On November 10, an area of low pressure associated with a monsoon trough formed in the central South China Sea. On November 11, the low pressure area became a strong tropical disturbance wave. During the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the system had intensified into a Tropical Depression. Later that day, JTWC issued Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for system, and eventually, it was numbered Tropical Depression 18W.
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By June 19, the depression became Tropical Storm Arlene. At 09:00 UTC on the following day, Arlene made landfall on Padre Island, Texas with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). The storm quickly weakened inland and degenerated into a remnant low pressure area on June 21. In El Salvador, rainfall from the precursor tropical wave caused mudslides throughout the country, which in turn resulted in 20 fatalities.
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The highest rainfall total on Puerto Rico was in Toro Negro State Forest. Rainfall spread across the island, and the southern half of Puerto Rico experienced totals of over . Rainfall totals over spread across the United States Virgin Islands. The tropical wave later spawned a low pressure area north of Hispaniola that became Tropical Storm Isabel on October 7, a day before the rains subsided in Puerto Rico.
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For several days, a weak low pressure area moved across the tropical Atlantic, which organized into a tropical storm on September 1 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles. That day, peak winds were estimated at 45 mph (75 km/h), based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters. The storm moved northward and weakened. On September 3, the system was absorbed by an approaching cold front.
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A low-pressure area persisted east-southeast of Diego Garcia on April 6, developing into a tropical disturbance that day. With a ridge to the south, the system moved generally westward, slowly intensifying. Convection gradually increased, and the system intensified into Tropical Storm Itelle on April 9\. An eye developed the next day, signaling that the storm had strengthened into a tropical cyclone as it turned more to the west- southwest.
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In early May 2013, an area of disturbed weather formed over the southern Bay of Bengal. Remaining nearly stationary, the system gradually developed. By May 8, organized convection formed around a defined low pressure area, with banding features present. With conditions favoring intensification, low wind shear, excellent poleward outflow, and unusually high sea surface temperatures (estimated at ), the system was anticipated to become a tropical cyclone over the following days.
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Toward the end of March, an area of convection increased over the southern Bay of Bengal from an active equatorial trough. The system progressed northward, with a weak center between Sri Lanka and Sumatra by March 25. On March 27, a low pressure area developed, which the IMD designated as a depression by 12:00 UTC. The storm moved to the north-northwest and failed to strengthen at first.
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Similar to the previous storm, the active monsoon trough spawned a low pressure area over the Andaman Sea on October 24\. There was a weak center that had good outflow. On October 25, the IMD classified the system as a depression about 925 km (575 mi) southeast of Kolkata. The system moved to the northwest and developed more convection close to the center, although the thunderstorms were intermittent.
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A low-pressure area persisted on October 4 in the western Bay of Bengal, off the east coast of Tamil Nadu. Two days later, the system organized into a depression and moved northward. Early on October 7, the depression made landfall at Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. After moving slowly northwestward over land, the system turned to the northeast, degenerating into a remnant low on October 10 over West Bengal.
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A low pressure area in the Arabian Sea developed into a depression while located a few hundred miles west-northwest of Maldives at 0300 UTC on May 6. By the following day, it had intensified into a deep depression. However, dry air diminished convection, causing the cyclone to weaken to a depression on May 8 at 0300 UTC. Nine hours later, it was upgraded back to a deep depression.
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On December 28 a low pressure area continued to organize, with a significant increase in convection, located just to the west of an anticyclone. In Mauritius, the storm produced winds up to that downed trees and power lines. Transportation across the region was several disrupted as public transit was shut down and many roads were blocked by debris. In Cassis, a billboard collapsed and damaged a nearby home.
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Hurricane Bud was a rare May major hurricane that skirted areas of the western Mexican coast. The second tropical cyclone and named storm of the 2012 Pacific hurricane season, Bud developed slowly into a tropical depression from a low- pressure area, centered well south of Mexico on May 20\. It moved generally west-northwestward and by the following day, strengthened into Tropical Storm Bud. Thereafter, further intensification was slow.
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On November 27, the storm's eye became more ragged as the cyclone passed within 230 miles (370 km) of the Azores and started to show signs of deterioration. The trough over the North Atlantic developed into the dominant low pressure area, and Karl turned northward around its periphery. Karl became extratropical on November 28 and later merged with another approaching system within a day, and was declared dissipated by November 29.
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On September 21, a low pressure area 230 km south-southeast of Puri was declared a depression by the IMD. The next day, it made landfall along the Orissa coast near Puri with winds around 45–55 km/h (30–35 mph). The city Kolkata in West Bengal received 440 mm of rainfall in 72 hours between 23 & 25 September. In total there were 75 deaths from the Depression.
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On May 18, an area of convection persisted in the Arabian Sea, northwest of the Maldives, with a broad circulation. With very warm ocean temperatures over and moderate wind shear, atmospheric conditions were conducive for eventual tropical cyclone development. At the same time of the disturbance's formation, Cyclone Sagar was located in the Gulf of Aden. On May 20, a distinct low pressure area developed over the central Arabian Sea.
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A mid-tropospheric low-pressure area developed over the Southeastern United States on September 10\. The system developed into a subtropical depression early on September 12, while located about east of St. Augustine, Florida. Over the next few days, the depression tracked east-northeastward to eastward. While strengthening into a subtropical storm on September 15, it passed just north of Bermuda, but produced only of rain on the island.
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Later that day, as it was turning northwestward, the hurricane peaked with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . A nearby low pressure area caused Henri to move erratically. Henri began weakening due to land interaction with Mexico and it was downgraded back to a tropical storm on September 18. By September 19, Henri doubled-back southeastward while weakening to a tropical depression.
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Kerry developed over the South Pacific basin from a low pressure area on 12 February. After later striking Makira in the Solomon Islands on 15 February, Kerry reached the Bureau of Meteorology's area of responsibility on 16 February as a Category 2 cyclone. Shortly thereafter, the system became a Category 3 cyclone. Reaching Category 4 on 18 February, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph).
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On September 1, a tropical wave entered the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. A low pressure area developed after a burst in convection near the Leeward Islands around September 6, but dry air and wind shear inhibited further development. At 06:00 UTC on September 13, the system maintained sufficient organization to become a tropical depression. Around that time, it made landfall in Jensen Beach, Florida.
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By noon on Sunday, weather conditions on lower Lake Huron were close to normal for a November gale. Barometric pressures in some areas began to rise, bringing hope of an end to the storm. The low pressure area that had moved across Lake Superior was moving northeast, away from the lakes. The Weather Bureau had issued the first of its twice-daily reports at approximately 8:00 a.m.
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A tropical wave accompanied by showers and thunderstorms entered the Eastern Pacific Ocean on July 19\. Tracking steadily westwards, the wave formed a low-pressure area in the middle of the Eastern Pacific on July 27\. Turning slightly to the west- northwest, the low slowly intensified into Tropical Depression Eight-E six hours later. However, strong north-northwesterly wind shear prevented it from intensifying into a tropical storm.
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Late on June 3, 2009, a cold-core non-tropical low pressure area located over the Baltic Sea collided with a warm air mass, creating atmospheric instability. The result was a line of severe thunderstorms, also known as a squall line, in the Moscow area. One of the thunderstorms broke off and developed into a supercell thunderstorm about from Moscow, Russia. The supercell spawned a wide tornado in Krasnozavodsk.
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The origins of Tropical Depression Eighteen-E were from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on October 7. It briefly spawned a low-pressure area as the wave continued westward without development. On October 20, the wave entered the Pacific Ocean, developing an area of thunderstorms about four days later. By 1200 UTC on October 26, a tropical depression formed about 155 mi (260 km) south of Manzanillo.
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A low pressure area moved eastward from Mozambique over open waters on 9 April. Two days later, convection increased over the center while located about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Tôlanaro, Madagascar, which recorded a drop in atmospheric pressure. Located in a baroclinic environment, the system was located beneath an upper-level low, resulting in an unusual structure. However, warm waters and low wind shear favored development.
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A low-pressure area of non-tropical origins developed into a tropical storm about 815 mi (1,310 km) east-northeast of Bermuda on August 31. The storm initially moved northwestward, before curving east-northeastward late on September 1\. Over the next few days, the cyclone intensified slowly. Early on September 4, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of .
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A tropical wave merged with a broad low pressure area and an upper trough near Honduras. The system quickly organized into Tropical Depression Nineteen on October 7\. The depression brushed Central America before curving northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Roxanne on October 9\. Roxanne posed a threat to Cuba and the Cayman Islands, which briefly prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch.
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The storm remained poorly organized, failing to strengthen further, and on September 1 it made landfall on Matagorda Island as a minimal tropical storm. The cyclone rapidly weakened after moving ashore, and early on September 2 Elena degenerated into a remnant low pressure area over southeastern Texas. Trapped between two high pressure systems, the remnant mid-level circulation drifted southwestward just inland for several days before dissipating on September 6.
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On October 6, a low-pressure area formed in the Andaman Sea. Over the next two days, the disaster entered the Bay of Bengal and became a depression on October 8, receiving the designation BOB 08 from the IMD. Afterward, the storm rapidly strengthened, becoming a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9, with the strength of a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). Between 4:30 a.m.
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Sagar rapidly weakened over land, degenerating into a low pressure area over eastern Ethiopia on May 20. The cyclone first affected Socotra, and later the Yemeni mainland, producing locally heavy rainfall and flooding. High winds from Sagar contributed to a house fire near Aden, resulting in one fatality. In parts of northern Somalia and Somaliland, Sagar dropped a years' worth of heavy rainfall, or around , resulting in deadly flash flooding.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical storm around 12:00 UTC on September 18, while located about north of Bermuda. The storm moved southwestward and passed northwest of the island, which observed sustained winds of . Late on September 19, the cyclone curved northwestward. The system intensified to reach maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of on September 20.
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On May 29, a tropical disturbance formed northwest of Palau. On May 30, the disturbance began moving northwestwards, as it slowly strengthened. On May 31, the system's convection became significantly organized near Samar prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA. Later that day, the PAGASA upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression and assigned its local name Ambo, and the JTWC upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression.
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A low-pressure area formed east of Palau on September 9. On September 10, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression. As the system entered the PAR early on September 11, the PAGASA named it Karen. At the same time, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Sanba, and the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm later.
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Before Iana formed, there was a persistent area of cloudiness across the Mozambique Channel in late February. A low pressure area originated over eastern Mozambique and moved eastward over water, emerging near Beira. On February 25, a tropical disturbance formed off the west coast of southern Madagascar and moved east-northeastward, steered by a ridge to the south. Shortly thereafter, the center passed just north of Europa Island.
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The ITCZ became active on October 17, spawning an area of disturbed weather about east of Diego Garcia in conjunction with a pre-existing low pressure area. Convection quickly organized around a center, and a tropical disturbance formed on October 18. On the same day, the JTWC began issuing warnings on the system as Tropical Cyclone 02S. A trough to the south steered the system to the south-southwest.
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Turning to the southeast, the system dissipated on June 27. The MFR did not track any tropical depressions before January, making Alinina in January the first official storm of the season. However, there was an earlier tropical depression that originated as a low pressure area on January 1 near Tromelin Island. It was a large system that spread rainfall between Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands for several days.
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All signals were then canceled the next morning as PAGASA released their final advisory on Rolly as it had weakened into an area of low pressure over Palawan. The JTWC then declared that the low pressure area had dissipated later that morning. Rough seas produced by the depression capsized a vessel carrying eleven people. The Philippine Coast Guard quickly responded to the incident and rescued all crew members.
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Forming south of Guam on September 22. JTWC issued a TCFA and upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression on the next day. Both JTWC and JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm named Jangmi on September 24, as well as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, earning the name Ofel from the PAGASA. On September 25, Jangmi intensified into a typhoon for its developing eye.
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A surface low pressure area developed on September 8 in the Gulf of Mexico. It drifted westward, and the next day it organized into a subtropical depression. Under the influence of a trough of low pressure, the depression turned northward, and after steadily becoming better organized it transitioned into Tropical Storm Chris by late on September 10. The storm attained peak winds of before moving ashore near Sabine Pass in Texas.
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Around August 31, a low-pressure area formed along the tail end of a cold front extending from the Bahamas to Bermuda. Early on the following day, a tropical depression developed roughly east-southeast of Jacksonville, Florida. The depression moved slowly east-northeastward as the cold front dissipated. Late on September 3, the system intensified into a tropical storm, and the next day the cyclone passed northwest of Bermuda.
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News agencies considered the flooding the worst in the region since Hurricane Mitch in 1998. According to Costa Rica's National Meteorology Institute, the week ending on October 17 was the wettest in San José since 1944. Over a period of several weeks, rainfall reached about . The influence between the precursor to the depression and a low pressure area in the eastern Pacific caused flooding in Costa Rica that killed seven people.
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A low-pressure area in the Philippine Sea organized into a tropical depression late on August 15\. The JTWC followed suit at 00:00 UTC at August 16 and was designated as 22W. Later on that day, the JMA upgraded 22W to tropical storm and it was given the international name Soulik. On August 17, JMA upgraded Soulik to a typhoon, marking the sixth typhoon of the season.
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On September 2, The JMA upgraded Jebi into severe tropical storm. Jebi weakened into tropical storm and made landfall over Northern Vietnam On September 3, as well as the JTWC and JMA downgraded into tropical storm. Jebi weakened into tropical depression, as the JMA and the JTWC issued their final warning. In Cotabato City, incessant rains caused by the low-pressure area in Mindanao submerged 25 of its 37 villages.
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A low-pressure area developed into a tropical depression over the South China Sea on June 2. Later that day the JTWC followed suit and designated the system as 05W. 05W meandered in a westward direction until it curved northward and after three days, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm. The JMA did the same three hours later early on June 6, naming it Ewiniar.
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The remnants of the depression affected the northern Philippines and dissipated on April 23, due to land interaction. On July 19, a tropical depression formed to the southeast of Guam. It slowly moved in a northwest direction over the next few days. Early on July 22, the JTWC issued a TCFA Alert, but later that day, the system lost its organization, and was downgraded to a low pressure area.
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A non-tropical system formed late on October 23. It became a low pressure area on October 26. On October 27, the JMA started to classify it as a tropical depression that had developed within a moderately favourable environment for further development, about to the southeast of Hagåtña, Guam. On October 28, the system was given the designation 29W by the JTWC and named Vinta by the PAGASA.
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The cyclone gradually weakened over the next several days due to an increase in forward speed and a decrease in sea surface temperatures. On February 12, Hondo rapidly degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area. Over the following week, the remnant low traveled in a general west-northwest direction with no development. On February 20, about northeast of where the final advisories were issued, the storm began to regenerate.
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A broad, flat low-pressure area persisted south of Baja California after Ione dissipated. On July 29, a small low circulation developed with a center about 120 nautical miles (220 km) south of Manzanillo. The system was given the name Joyce after winds of were reported by a ship. In a similar way to Hurricane Francesca, Tropical Storm Joyce's low level center was unclear due to a cap of cirrus clouds.
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A well-marked low- pressure area developed into a depression on 9 August, close to Canning, West Bengal, India. On the next day, the system moved northeastward and intensified into a deep depression overland in Bangladesh, about east-northeast of Kolkata. The deep depression moved towards Jharkhand on 11 August, and quickly weakened into a depression. On 12 August, the land depression degenerated into a well-marked low.
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50 The N-57 gun was provided with 28 rounds and the two NS-23 cannons had 80 rounds each.Gunston and Gordon, p. 48 Construction of the three prototypes began in late 1945 and the first prototype began manufacturer's testing on 30 December. The ground testing revealed that the engine exhaust caused a low- pressure area under the rear fuselage which caused the fighter to tilt tail- down during engine tests.
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As part of their routine post- season analysis, the NHC identified an additional tropical storm. In late August, an area of convection that formed to the southwest of Bermuda organized into a distinct low pressure area. At around 00:00 UTC on September 1, a tropical depression formed about 335 mi (535 km) north of Bermuda. It initially drifted erratically northeastward due to its position within a stationary front.
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At 8 a.m. EST (7 a.m. CST/1200 UTC), a low-pressure area of about 991 mb (29.26 inHg) was over eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, with warm air moving north from the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi Valley. Conditions in Alabama and Mississippi were mostly cloudy with early thunderstorm activity, yet temperatures were already in the low 70s and upper 60s°F in Mississippi and western Tennessee.
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On the morning of June 27, an area of enhanced thunderstorm activity was spotted just south of Ponape along a weak portion of the monsoon trough. As Tropical Storm Kelly led to some vertical wind shear over the system, the disturbance was slow to organize. A low pressure area formed late on June 29. By late on July 2, Kelly's negative influence on the disturbance abated, allowing for further development.
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From there it crossed into the Atlantic Ocean and was finally absorbed by another low pressure area off the East Coast on November 26. Impacts from Dot were mostly confined to its passing of the Mariana Islands. Damage to Alamagan was substantial. The extra-tropical low of Dot dumped one to five inches of rain over the Southwest U.S. and contributed to excessive rainfall over the New England area.
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A low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on October 26. It slowly consolidated, prompting the IMD to classify it a depression on October 28. Later the same day, the JTWC issued its Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the system, and the IMD upgraded the storm to deep depression intensity. Further intensification ensued, causing the IMD to upgrade the system to a cyclonic storm, naming it Chapala.
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It then moved west-northwest along the northern side of the monsoon trough as a sheared system due to moderate southerly flow aloft. A new circulation center developed, which led to PAGASA renaming the system Gloring as it neared the southern coast of Taiwan. The depression ultimately merged with a low pressure area over the South China Sea, which would develop into Tropical Storm Gerald.Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
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Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer monsoons in India The southwestern summer monsoons occur from July through September. The Thar Desert and adjoining areas of the northern and central Indian subcontinent heat up considerably during the hot summers. This causes a low pressure area over the northern and central Indian subcontinent. To fill this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean rush into the subcontinent.
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A tropical depression, which formed August 13 from a cutoff area of low pressure area, crossed the dateline on August 14. It continued to head east, passing close to Midway Island. It dissipated on August 14, although the remnants of the system hung around the area for a few more days. At its strongest in the central north Pacific, Tropical Depression Seventeen-W had winds of and a pressure of .
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A tropical wave entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 17\. Two days later, the wave spawned a low pressure area while located several hundred miles south-southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The National Hurricane Center began issuing Tropical Weather Outlooks (TWOs) and initially noting that slow development was possible within the next 48 hours. Convective activity increased and Dvorak satellite classifications began early on July 21.
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On September 25, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) named an active low pressure area within its area of responsibility Tropical Depression Milenyo. After issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert earlier, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued its first warning on Tropical Depression 18W. On September 26 the Japan Meteorological Agency named this system Xangsane. The name Xangsane was submitted by Laos and means elephant.
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Beryl maintained tropical storm status for about 18 hours before weakening to a tropical depression over central Louisiana. It turned to the northwest, and the surface circulation dissipated on August 10 while located a short distance south of Shreveport, Louisiana. The surface low pressure area crossed into north Texas before dissipating early on August 12, while its upper-level circulation turned northward into Oklahoma before being merged by an approaching trough.
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The NHC issued their final advisory on Epsilon at 1500 UTC that day, after the cyclone consisted of a tight swirl of low clouds with no convection. On issuing the last advisory, Lixion Avila remarked, "I hope this is the end of the long lasting 2005 hurricane season." There was ultimately one more tropical storm - Zeta. Late on December 8, Epsilon transitioned into a remnant low pressure area.
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A low pressure area developed within a monsoon trough over the Mozambique Channel on February 1. It tracked southeastward, crossing Madagascar and becoming a tropical disturbance 380 km (235 mi) north of Saint-Denis, Réunion on February 8. The disturbance began to travel generally southwestward, intensifying slowly. The next day, the system turned southeast under the influence of a ridge to its east and a cut-off low to the southwest.
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A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on October 16. It tracked westward, initially without organization, and by October 22 was interacting with a trough while approaching the Lesser Antilles. This caused a low pressure area to develop on October 23 about east- northeast of the northern Lesser Antilles. The system continued westward with disorganized convection, and was unable to develop further due to strong wind shear.
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On July 2, a low pressure area formed north west of the Philippines and became a tropical depression on July 3 and started to drift northward, becoming a storm on the 5th and a typhoon on the 6th. Kai-tak continued northward, hitting Taiwan on the 9th. Kai-tak dissipated on the 11th over the Yellow Sea. It was named after Hong Kong's old international airport, Kai Tak Airport.
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The system weakened below depression status on October 7, and dissipated over northeastern India three days later. Across its path, the deep depression killed 38 people due to floods. A low pressure area developed into a depression on November 4 in the western Bay of Bengal near the southeastern Indian coast. Later that day, the system moved ashore Tamil Nadu near Karaikal with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph).
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The weakening continued, and Hernan was further downgraded to a tropical storm on August 11. As Hernan moved over cold waters, the convection associated with the storm dissipated, leaving only a swirl of clouds. By the morning of August 12, almost all of the convection associated with Hernan had dissipated and the system was declared a remnant low-pressure area. The remnants of the hurricane caused light rain to Hawaii.
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Tropical Depression Usman was a weak but deadly tropical cyclone that impacted the southern Philippines in December 2018. Tropical Depression Usman originated first as a low-pressure area to the east of Palau on December 23. Slowly intensifying, the system became a tropical depression two days later. The system maintained its intensity while moving in a general west- northwestward direction approaching the eastern portion of the Philippine islands.
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Early on October 14, a low pressure area formed off the eastern coast of India. While moving generally westward, the system quickly organized into a depression that day. On October 15, the IMD estimated peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), based on satellite imagery appearance warranting a Dvorak rating of 2.5; this made it a cyclonic storm. However, the circulation remained removed from the deep convection. Early on November 16, the storm made landfall near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. It quickly weakened over land, degenerating into a remnant low pressure area over Rayalaseema on October 17. While moving ashore, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh and extending into Tamil Nadu, causing flooding in some areas for the first time in 40 years. In a 24‑hour period, Sullurpeta recorded of precipitation, and 13 stations recorded daily totals of over 100 mm (4 in); the highest two-day rainfall total was , and some areas received 300% of the average October rainfall within 36 hours.
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Hurricane Florence originated on September 3 from the complex merging of two tropical waves, creating one large low- pressure area. The disturbance moved westward and became a tropical depression in the open waters of the Atlantic. On September 5, it organized further and was upgraded into Tropical Storm Florence. With a disorganized structure and multiple circulation centers, Florence remained a weak tropical storm for several days, even after external conditions became favorable for strengthening.
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A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 1. The wave tracked westward across the Atlantic for several days until it reached an area of relaxed wind shear and its associated low-pressure area organized into a tropical depression. It moved east-northeast and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gordon on September 11, while located over the open waters of the Atlantic. Gordon turned north, and became a hurricane on September 13.
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A tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa on June 20\. As the wave moved into the western Caribbean Sea on June 30, a broad cyclonic turning was noted. The system moved over the Yucatán Peninsula on July 1, a day before emerging into the Bay of Campeche as a weak low pressure area. Later on July 2, deep convection became more organized while the system was centered over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.
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Early on September 26, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. About 24 hours later, it reached Category 2 intensity. At 0000 UTC on September 28, Isidore attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 960 mbar (hPa; 28.35 inHg). After reaching peak intensity on September 28, steering current from a quasi- stationary mid- to upper-level low pressure area turned Isidore northward.
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Behind the low pressure area was much cooler and drier air. The clash of these two differing air masses was the impetus for the development of the severe weather. A squall line moving at speeds to with embedded supercells entered Minnesota from the southwest during the early afternoon hours, and raced northward across most of the state. The primary threat from these storm was large hail, which was enhanced by the strong downburst winds.
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However, the resulting tropical depression persisted for several days as it paralleled the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. On July 16, the system emerged into the western Atlantic, where it was subsequently absorbed by a nearby low-pressure area. Widespread offshore and coastal evacuations took place along the United States Gulf Coast in preparation for Hurricane Bob. Effects from the hurricane on the United States were mostly marginal and typical of a minimal hurricane.
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A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on May 23 and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The system had entered into the Gulf of Mexico on June 6. Another tropical wave merged with the system on June 7 and developed into a low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico. Later that day, the National Hurricane Center began classifying the system as Tropical Depression One.
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On October 16, 2001, a tropical wave moved westward off the coast of Africa and moved into the Atlantic Ocean. At the time, the wave produced minimal convective and thunderstorm activity. On October 23, the disturbance crossed the Lesser Antilles before moving into the Caribbean Sea while showing minimal signs of tropical development. Three days later, the wave moved into the western Caribbean, spawning a broad low-pressure area off the coast of Nicaragua.
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On June 17, a low pressure area cut off from a stationary frontal boundary near Bermuda. Due to warm seas and light wind shear, the system became Subtropical Storm Chris at 18:00 UTC on June 18\. After deep convection became persistent, the National Hurricane Center reclassified it as Tropical Storm Chris on June 19\. Despite being over ocean temperatures of 72 °F (22 °C), it strengthened into a hurricane on June 21.
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However, deep convection soon began to diminish around 0000 UTC on August 24, when the system weakened to a tropical depression. An environment of dry air, coupled with an increase of southwesterly vertical shear induced primarily by an upper-level low to the northwest of Joyce, continued to adversely affect the storm on August 24\. Joyce degenerated into a remnant low pressure area around 1200 UTC that day and dissipated shortly thereafter.
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A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on October 11. The wave split, with a portion later developing into Hurricane Sandy, while the other drifted slowly in the eastern Atlantic. The latter portion interacted with an upper-level trough, which developed into a surface low pressure area on October 21\. After acquiring deeper convection, the system was classified as Tropical Depression Nineteen at 1800 UTC on October 22\.
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On June 7, ships in the Gulf of Mexico reported a low pressure area with a closed circulation about southeast of Port Eads, Louisiana. Initially, the storm moved slowly southeastward, before turning west-southwestward late on June 8\. Strengthening slightly, the cyclone turned to the northwest by June 11\. Around 12:00 UTC on the following day, a ship observed a barometric pressure of , the lowest known in relation to the storm.
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The Jamaica Hurricane of 1912 A low pressure area in the southwestern Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical storm by 06:00 UTC on November 11. Initially, the storm moved slowly northwestward, before eventually curving north-northeastward. Late on November 13, the cyclone intensified into a hurricane, based on a ship report. Slow intensification took place after classification as a hurricane, though after recurving toward northeastward, the storm began to quicken in strengthening.
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Once inland, the depression slowly weakened and re-curved northeastward on July 30 into Mississippi, shortly before degenerating into a remnant low pressure area. The remnants moved through northern Louisiana and Arkansas until dissipating on August 3\. The tropical depression dropped heavy rainfall, with some areas of the Florida Panhandle experiencing more than of precipitation. Rainfall from the depression contributed significantly toward making it the wettest July in the Florida Panhandle since 1923.
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The first storm of the season formed from a low pressure area with associated convection that persisted east of the Chagos Archipelago on November 7. It formed in tandem with two tropical depressions in the North Indian Ocean. The JTWC began tracking the system that day, although MFR did not follow suit until two days later. On November 10, the depression intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Alexina, having developed a central dense overcast.
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A low pressure area centered the Gulf of Mexico on September 25 and was designated as a tropical depression hours later. Turning west-southwestward, the storm gradually intensified, attaining tropical storm-status on September 27\. The next day, the system nearly stalled close to the center of the Gulf of Mexico. On September 28, further development of the storm took place and ships in the vicinity of the storm reported a strong gale.
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A low pressure area developed in the Intertropical Convergence Zone near Sri Lanka on December 20. Early on December 21, the system developed into a depression. The JTWC issued a TCFA at 1251 UTC on December 22, while it was centered south-southeast of Sri Lanka. By 1800 UTC on December 23, the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 05B, which was located about 160 km (100 mi) southeast of Dondra Head, Sri Lanka.
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An area of convection formed west of Sri Lanka on October 31, organizing around a circulation center. Low wind shear allowed slow development, and a low pressure area developed on November 1 in the southeastern Arabian Sea. The following day, a depression formed off the southwest coast of India. Moving northward, the system's convection continued to organize around the center, and the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 04A on November 4.
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However, the storm's path into an area with cool sea surface temperatures and wind shear caused Dora to quickly deteriorate and weaken. By July 24, Dora had degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area west of the Baja California Peninsula. Dora brought stormy conditions to the southwestern Mexico coast and the Baja California Peninsula throughout its existence. Remaining off the coast from its formation to dissipation, Dora's effects on land were slight.
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The tornado outbreak of April 3, 2012 was a localized tornado outbreak in the U.S. that primarily affected the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. During the morning of April 3, a large low-pressure area and associated frontal boundaries tracked across the Southern US Plains. Initially, environmental conditions did not favor the development of tornadoes. However, an outflow boundary from an area of storms in Oklahoma moved southwards before stalling over the Dallas–Fort Worth area.
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Several other tropical depressions developed throughout the season. The first formed over the Bay of Campeche near the southeast coast of Mexico by June 13\. By the following day, the depression either dissipated over moved rapidly northeastward ahead of a cold front and was last noted in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. On September 1, another tropical depression formed offshore The Carolinas from a low pressure area that detached from a frontal system.
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The origins of Beryl were from a trough that developed over the Yucatán Peninsula on May 16\. It drifted eastward into the northwestern Caribbean Sea, spawning a low pressure area on May 18\. For the next three days, it remained nearly stationary without development, until the system became better defined on May 22 when it began moving to the northeast. On May 23, the elongated low had an area of disorganized convection.
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The first storm of the season was Ana, which originated from a cold-core low that persisted east of Jacksonville, Florida, by June 25\. The system moved in a clockwise motion around an anticyclone located over Florida. The cold-core low gradually developed to the surface, and on June 29, a low pressure area formed within a surface trough over the Bahamas. It moved westward across southern Florida, dropping heavy rainfall along its path.
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Tropical Depression One formed on May 25 from a weak low pressure area to the west of Jamaica, which had been producing scattered showers over the island during the preceding days. The depression moved across Cuba shortly after forming, although the convection was located to the east of its poorly defined center. As it headed toward Florida, it was absorbed by an approaching cold front. The depression did not cause significant damage.
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The depression moved northeastward but appeared to have made contact with the westerlies, as it turned off to the east-northeast. Ships that passed through the system recorded winds of 35-40 mph (55–65 km/h). Early on November 10, the system degenerated to a low pressure area, which soon dissipated. The final tropical depression of the season formed northeast of the Greater Antilles along a frontal zone on November 13\.
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A low-pressure area developed in Georgia along a dissipating cold front on August 1\. The system detached from the cold front and drifted southwestward, reaching northeastern Gulf of Mexico on August 3\. Satellite imagery, buoys, and reconnaissance aircraft flights indicated that by August 5, the system likely acquired a closed circulation. Thus, the National Hurricane Center estimated that a tropical depression developed in the central Gulf of Mexico at 1200 UTC that day.
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An aneurysm of the aortic sinus may rupture due to infective endocarditis involving the aortic wall and tertiary- stage syphilis. The manifestations appear depending on the site where the sinus has ruptured. For example, if the sinus ruptures in a low pressure area like the right atrium or right ventricle then a continuous type of murmur is heard. The murmur is located in the left parasternal region mainly confined to the lower sternum.
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On 20 January, an area of convection near Sumatra within a monsoon flow became increasingly organised. By 23 January, a low pressure area developed to the northwest of Christmas Island and the system was classified a tropical low. Initially moving southeast, the system later turned west-southwest on 24 January. Two days later, the system passed just north of the Cocos Islands, where wind gusts reached and pressures dropped to 999 mb (hPa; 29.50 inHg).
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As a precursor low-pressure area, Sam brought widespread rainfall throughout a wide swath of northern Australia. Due to its proximity to the coast throughout its existence, associated rainfall continued to affect the region throughout Sam's existence. As Sam approached the coast, numerous warnings were issued, with storm warnings posted for Cape Leveque to Pardoo Station on 8 December. Meteorologists indicated that the storm would be a threat to shipping in the immediate regions.
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A frontal trough moved eastward off the southeastern United States on September 30, becoming stationary north of Haiti. The trough developed an area of disturbed weather that interacted with an upper-level low pressure area, resulting in the development of a subtropical depression on October 7\. Upon formation, the system consisted of a very broad subtropical low, as well as a poorly defined surface circulation. As the subtropical depression drifted westward, it became further organized.
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On October 4, a tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa with a large associated circulation. Unfavorable wind shear prevented any development, and the wave continued westward, entering the Caribbean Sea on October 11\. Two days later, the wave axis encountered a pre-existing low pressure area in the southwest Caribbean. It quickly developed a well-defined circulation, becoming a tropical depression on October 14 off the east coast of Nicaragua.
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Shortly thereafter, PAGASA discontinued advisories on Zoraida, declaring that the depression degenerated into a low pressure area. By contrast, the JMA continued monitoring the depression as it moved through the Philippines and into the Sulu Sea. On November 13, the center crossed over Palawan island into the South China Sea. At 1200 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Podul about 275 km (170 mi) east of the Vietnam coast.
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The cyclone gradually weakened over the next several days due to an increase in forward speed and a decrease in sea surface temperatures. On February 12, Hondo rapidly degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area. Over the following week, the remnant low traveled in a general west-northwest direction with no development. On February 20, about 2,780 km (1,725 mi) northeast of where the final advisories were issued, the storm began to regenerate.
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On 8 March, a low-pressure area developed well off the coast of Pilbara. On 9 March, TCWC Perth noted the low had become a tropical low, and then assigned the identification 16U. On 13 March, both the BoM and the JTWC upgraded the system to a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Lua. On 14 March, Lua intensified into a category 2 tropical cyclone as it began moving westwards away from Western Australia.
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On February 5, a small patch of thunderstorms that formed off the southern coast of Java grouped together to form a low pressure area which quickly started to drift westwards. On the same day, TCWC Perth upgraded the area of low pressure into a tropical low. As the storm continued to move westward, it gradually organized. On February 14, the storm moved out of the BoM's basin and into the South-West Indian Ocean.
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A large tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa, on September 7. The system passed south of Cape Verde on September 8, bringing disorganized showers and thunderstorms. Around that time, the National Hurricane Center gave the system a medium chance of tropical cyclogenesis within 48 hours. A low pressure area developed along the axis of the tropical wave on September 9, which further increased convective activity.
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The storm was first noted just off the coast of British Columbia on January 16, with a central pressure of . The center of the low pressure area had then moved south to about off the Oregon Coast. At the same time, the storm had attained peak intensity of . The storm then began to move closer to the coastline, and by 2000 UTC on January 18, the storm was located about off the coast of Washington.
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Hurricane Isaac originated from a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa on August 17\. Moving generally westward, the low-pressure area initially did not have a well-defined center until three days later. Convection associated with the system organized and intensified, and the tropical wave quickly strengthened into a tropical depression. In favorable conditions, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Isaac by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on August 21\.
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On August 3, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean. By August 15, the wave crossed Central America and entered the Eastern Pacific. Over the following five days, development was relatively slow at first, resulting in forecasters at the NHC not predicting the system to become a tropical cyclone. However, on August 20, a low pressure area formed and quickly became a tropical depression.
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Tropical Storm Winona originated from a monsoon trough that was displaced north of its climatological position. An area of enhanced convection developed within the monsoon trough in the East China Sea around 00:00 UTC on August 4\. Six hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system as a weak low-pressure area developed. At 18:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.
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Pawan eventually made landfall in the Puntland region of Somalia, just south of Eyl, late on December 6, bringing heavy rain and mudslides to the surrounding areas. It then degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure area inland on December 7. Pawan killed six people in Somalia. Rainfall accumulations brought by Pawan reached up to 3 inches in Somalia, an unusually large amount of rain for December, resulting in flash flooding in the region.
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The Telengana PM estimated damage costs to be ₹1,305 crore (US$682 million). The system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area in south-central Maharashtra on the evening of October 14. Though the system's lower-level circulation was partially exposed due to high vertical wind shear and continuous land interaction, the JTWC re-issued a tropical cyclone advisory on October 15. The IMD also forecasted BOB 02 to reintensify in the Arabian Sea.
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In addition to the 11 tropical storms, 2 other systems that remained below tropical storm intensity developed. The first such system developed from a low pressure area over the eastern Gulf of Mexico on June 3\. The depression moved rapidly northwestward toward Louisiana, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone by the following day. A barometric pressure of was observed in Lake Charles, Louisiana, while a sustained wind speed of was recorded in Apalachicola, Florida.
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On November 3, a low pressure area developed off the southwest coast of Sumatra in the Australian basin. The BoM upgraded the low to Tropical Cyclone Alice two days later, which was intensifying while moving west-southwestward, steered by the subtropical ridge to its south. Alice attained a peak intensity of 180 km/h (110 mph) in the Australian basin on November 7\. While in the region, the cyclone's high waves capsized two boats.
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A tornado over Minnetonka, Minnesota. Temperatures on May 6 were in the upper 70s °F with high dew points, which was considered to be unusual for early May in Minnesota. A strong low pressure area associated with an upper-level system moving in from the southwest and a nearby slow-moving cold front helped spark the storms. These storms formed as training supercells—an atmospheric phenomenon that is extremely rare in Minnesota.
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Early on October 12, Odile made its closest approach to coastline of Mexico, only about 50 mi (80 km) offshore of Guerrero, Mexico. Increasing southeasterly vertical wind shear took toll on the system. Furthermore, around 0600 UTC, NHC confirmed that Odile weakened into a tropical depression. The last advisory regarding Odile was issued later that day stating that it has subsequently degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area, a swirl of low-level clouds.
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A low pressure area detached from a stationary front and developed into a tropical depression on August 14 while located about 185 mi (300 km) west-southwest of Bermuda. The depression moved rapidly northeastward and intensified into a tropical storm on August 15\. Thereafter, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). By August 16, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated about southeast of Sable Island, Nova Scotia.
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The storm's cirrus outflow became weak in all directions and convection diminished. Later that day, convective developed ceased to occur as the storm neared the south tip of Baja California Sur. Early on October 14, Patricia degenerated into a remnant low pressure area, bypassing tropical depression status, roughly 30 mi (50 km) south of the Baja California Peninsula. The remnant low turned westward and tracked over open waters before dissipating on October 15.
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In early September, a vigorous tropical wave moving across west Africa produced a large mass of convection. While still inland, a surface low pressure area formed in association with the wave on September 6. Heavy rainfall from the precursor tropical wave in Guinea triggered flooding, which claimed three lives in Doko. The system moved offshore early on September 7 and developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC near Banjul, The Gambia.
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Early on September 20, it further weakened to a Category 2 hurricane. Rising atmospheric pressures to the north forced the storm to curve northwestward on September 21. Later that day, Gladys weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. The storm posed a threat to the East Coast of the United States, and passed about east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, before a deepening low pressure area over the Great Lakes region caused it to veer northeastward.
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A tropical disturbance detached from the ITCZ on August 18\. While tracking across an area of sea surface temperatures of , the disturbance slowly intensified and the EPHC reported that the system had developed tropical depression at 1800 UTC on August 19\. Initially, the depression remained weak, though by 1200 UTC on August 21, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Nora. Thereafter, Nora turned northwestward toward a deep-layer low pressure area offshore of California.
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Amang moved west-northwestward until it made landfall over Siargao at 11:00 Philippine Standard Time (PST), January 20. Amang changed course after the landfall, turning northward the next day until weakening over Samar the same day. Amang then weakened into a low pressure area before dissipating shortly afterwards, which then PAGASA issued their final advisories. The depression indirectly triggered landslides and flash floods in Davao Oriental and Agusan del Norte, killing 10 people.
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A low- pressure area developed into a tropical depression southeast of Taiwan early on August 31. Later that day, the JTWC began issuing advisories on the system, assigning the designation of 15W. Early the next day, 15W had intensified into a tropical storm by both agencies, with the JMA prompting the name Namtheun. The PAGASA however started issuing advisories on Namtheun and considered it as a tropical depression and gave the local name Enteng.
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In late June, a low pressure area persisted within the ITCZ east of the Philippines. Initially tracking southward, the disturbance moved east and then recurved to the west. Steadily organizing, the disturbance became a tropical depression on June 27, moving to the northwest due to a nearby ridge. On June 28, the disturbance strengthened into Tropical Storm Rumbia, and the next day made its first landfall on Eastern Samar in the Philippines.
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A very weak low pressure area formed on September 27. During September 28, the JTWC started to monitor and classified it as a subtropical system under strong wind shear about to the southeast of Tokyo, Japan. After transtioning into a tropical cyclone, the JMA reported that the system had become a tropical depression during the next day. After consolidating, the JMA reported that the system had become a tropical storm early on September 30.
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The JMA upgraded a low- pressure area to a tropical depression east of the Philippines early on July 25. On July 26, it was named Gorio by PAGASA and later intensified into Tropical Storm Nesat. Nesat stalled in the Philippine Sea in the next couple of days and gradually intensified to become a severe tropical storm in July 27. It gradually strengthened until its peak on July 29, as a Category 1 typhoon.
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The area intensified into a low-pressure area as it moved to the South China Sea the next day. It was classified as a tropical depression on August 27 by the JMA. The depression affected Hainan Island, Southern China and northern Vietnam by heavy rainfall and flash floods as it was moving in a westward direction. On August 29, the system weakened to an remnant low just east of the 100th meridian east.
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Therefore, it is estimated that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Frances around that time. The storm intensified slightly further to winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), before beginning to weaken on September 28\. Later that day, steering flow from an upper low pressure area caused Frances to curve almost due eastward. The storm weakened further to a tropical depression early on September 29, shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone.
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Hurricane Greta was an extremely large late-season Atlantic hurricane in the 1956 Atlantic hurricane season. Originating from a tropical depression near Jamaica on October 30, the system initially featured non-tropical characteristics as it tracked northward. By November 2, the system began producing gale-force winds around the low pressure area; however, winds near the center of circulation were calm. By November 3, the system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Greta.
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On July 14, 2008 a weakening surface trough extended across northern Florida, producing thunderstorms across the state. A weak low pressure area developed on July 15 near Tallahassee, which moved southeastward into the Gulf of Mexico. Late on July 16 it crossed onshore near Tampa, and development was not anticipated due to land interaction. Late on July 17, however, convection increased in association with the low, and the system quickly became better organized.
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Heavy rains from the remnant low-pressure area of Bonnie led to heavy rains in several states in the Southeastern United States. Rainfall was generally minor in most areas, however in Arkansas, rains totaled up to 11.75 in (254 mm) at the South Arkansas Regional Airport. Several roads were washed out in Ouachita County near Elliott. A number of roads and bridges were also washed out in Union County, with damage totaling $200,000.
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A dissipating cold front off the southeastern United States spawned a low pressure area on June 6\. On the next day, the system organized into a tropical storm off the coast of North Carolina. The storm moved southward and reached peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), based on reports from ships. During its duration, the storm failed to develop an inner core, affected by cool, dry air to the northwest.
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In late September 1996, a cold front stalled over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, producing an area of convection. The thunderstorms were possibly related to the same tropical wave that spawned Hurricane Hernan in the eastern Pacific Ocean. A low pressure area formed in the Bay of Campeche by October 2, although initially upper-level conditions did not favor tropical cyclogenesis. The convection became more persistent on October 3 and gradually became better organized.
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Severe Tropical Cyclone Nigel was the second of two tropical cyclones to affect Northern Vanuatu and the Fijian islands during January 1985. The system was first noted as an ill-defined low-pressure area ("low") located within the intertropical convergence zone near the Cape York Peninsula. Over the next few days the low moved eastwards and increased in strength; it was named Nigel on January 16 as it developed into a tropical cyclone.
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In the middle of June, an area of convection formed along the monsoon offshore the Saurashtra region of western India. On June 21, a depression developed with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph). Moving to the west- northwest, it dissipated on June 22, bringing light rainfall up to in Gujarat. In late July, a low pressure area formed in the northwest Bay of Bengal, organizing into a depression on July 29\.
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Measured by the Doppler weather radar stationed in the city, the storm's eye was in diameter. The strength of the winds disrupted telecommunication lines and damaged the radar, inhibiting further observations. Bringing extensive damage to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, Hudhud gradually weakened as it curved northwards over land. The storm continued its weakening trend and was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area over east Uttar Pradesh on October 14.
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An occluded front came off the low pressure area and split into cold and warm fronts with the former stretching southwestward into Kansas while the later moved into Southern Lower Michigan. With temperatures ranging from the lower 60s to the upper 70s, dewpoint temperatures ranging from the mid 50s to upper 60s, and upper-level wind shear of up to 65 knots, the atmosphere for the development of thunderstorms sparking a severe weather outbreak.
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Accessed through WebCite. Accessed through WebCite. Accessed through WebCite. The tornadoes formed after a disturbance moved into the area from Alabama. One of the tornadoes near Parkton was rated as an EF2 and injured one person. On March 28, a strong 997 millibar upper-level low pressure area located over Oklahoma was forecast to produce widespread thunderstorms, with a moderate risk of severe weather in most of northern Louisiana, much of Mississippi, and southern Arkansas.
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The cyclone originated as an extratropical system east of Hamilton, Bermuda. The system was isolated from a large upper-level trough that stretched from the Lesser Antilles to a low pressure area near the Faroe Islands. A polar ridge of high pressure was situated north of Bermuda, producing anomalous easterly trades at an unusually high latitude. The easterly flow blew over a long fetch of open waters, thus producing low-level convergence.
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Convection formed in the eastern end of the monsoon trough just north of Guam on August 20, leading to the formation of a weak low pressure area by late morning August 21. The system slowly consolidated as it moved northwest, and was separating from the monsoon trough on August 23. Although convection increased in organization, the surface wind field did not respond. Nevertheless, it was deemed a tropical depression on the morning of August 24.
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A low pressure area developed along the end of a quasi-stationary frontal trough. Initially, vertical wind shear prevented deep convection from forming on the western portion of the system. After wind shear decreased, the system became a gale center late on October 22. By early on the following day, the gale center had transitioned into a tropical storm, and it is estimated that Tropical Storm Frances developed at 0600 UTC on October 23.
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A cut-off low pressure area developed from a shear trough in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 9\. The low caused the detachment of a disturbance from the Intertropical convergence zone, which was located near the south coast of Guatemala. After moving across Guatemala and Mexico, the low emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on June 13\. The low intensified on the following day, reaching tropical storm status at 0000 UTC.
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On January 2, a small low pressure area developed along the East Coast of the United States. Due to its small size, the storm was poorly forecast. A strong upper-level low moving through Georgia and South Carolina caused the low to move to the west, perpendicular to the Mid-Atlantic coast. As it did so, the combination of warm air from the south and strong upper-level winds caused the low to rapidly intensify.
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On the back side of the low-pressure area that bought the tornado outbreak along it cold front, some cold air began to interact with the moisture being drawn northward producing heavy snow and ice in parts of the Ohio Valley. Snow totals reached as high as in some areas. At the same time, ahead of the cold front, severe thunderstorms developed ahead of it, which would eventually lead to the tornado outbreak.
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Under the influence of a low-level trough, a low- pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea in late October. The system organized and the IMD designated the system Depression "ARB 02". The depression moved toward the Middle East during the next few days and intensified into a Deep Depression on November 1. In the morning of November 2, IMD upgraded the deep depression into a cyclonic storm and assigned it the name Keila.
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Typhoon Trami, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Paeng, was the second typhoon to affect Japan within a month. The twenty-fourth tropical storm and tenth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Trami developed from a low- pressure area southeast of Guam on September 20. It intensified into a tropical storm on the next day, and intensified into a typhoon on September 22. Trami steadily intensified and reached its peak intensity late on September 24.
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A low-pressure area developed on June 12 south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Two days later, the system's convection organized enough for the low to be classified as a tropical depression late on June 14, approximately 140 mi (220 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico. The nascent depression tracked north-northeastward toward the Mexican coast. Wind shear prevented strengthening initially, but the depression became Tropical Storm Carlotta around 18:00 UTC on June 15.
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A low pressure area to the west of Yap developed into a tropical depression on April 6. It gradually developed as it moved to the west, becoming a strong depression with 55 km/h (35 mph) winds. It then began to accelerate to the northwest, becoming a minimal tropical storm as it did so. However, this northwards motion brought it into a region of increased shear, which weakened it back into a tropical depression.
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On November 21, 1960, the formation of a small low-pressure area was noted following a shift in surface winds on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Slowly developing, the low organized into a tropical depression by 1200 UTC, the 24th of the season. At this time, it was situated 270 km (165 mi) southwest of Enewetak Atoll. Though classified a depression, maximum sustained winds were only estimated at 35 km/h (25 mph).
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In the first few days of September 2002, an upper-level trough emerged in the Gulf of Mexico and stalled. Thunderstorms developed along the trough and concentrated around a weak low pressure system. Gradually, the trough and associated low pressure drifted south into the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A low pressure area in the northwest Gulf of Mexico became the dominant circulation and slowly developed persistent convection near the center.
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The origins of Maria appeared to originate from the inland remnants of Typhoon Bilis, which was pulled south due to the Fujiwhara effect between Typhoon Prapiroon. The low pressure area entered the South China Sea as it drifted south over Hong Kong on August 27. As it was pulled south to the South China Sea, it quickly strengthened into a tropical storm on August 30. Maria made landfall on September 1 east of Hong Kong.
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The JTWC began monitoring an area of thunderstorms on November 13 in the south-central Arabian Sea. A day later, the system organized into a low pressure area, before developing into a depression on November 15, as classified by the IMD. On the same day, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 05A. The system moved slowly at first before beginning a general westward motion, steered by a ridge to the north.
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This type of storm has characteristics similar to a hurricane. More specifically it describes a low-pressure area whose center of rotation is just off the coast and whose leading winds in the left-forward quadrant rotate onto land from the northeast. High storm waves may sink ships at sea and cause coastal flooding and beach erosion. Notable nor'easters include The Great Blizzard of 1888, one of the worst blizzards in U.S. history.
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Originating from the monsoon trough, a low pressure area formed just north of Sri Lanka on May 5\. By 21:00 UTC that night, the system organized into a depression while moving west-northwestward toward India. It developed a central dense overcast of deep convection, prompting the IMD to upgrade it to a 55 km/h (35 mph) deep depression. Still associated with the monsoon, the system had several small circulations and gale-force winds.
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Toward the end of July, a well-defined low pressure area developed in the northwest Bay of Bengal. It moved onshore and developed into a depression over southeastern India near Daltonganj on July 26\. Turning to the west, the system moved through central India, bringing heavy rainfall along its path. The system degenerated into a remnant low on July 28 over Rajasthan, and the next day was absorbed by the monsoon trough.
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The other two storms struck opposite sides of India, collectively resulting in 226 deaths after causing widespread flooding. After a brief land depression in July and a weak depression in early October, the season featured four notable cyclones beginning in late October. A low pressure area moved across southern India, killing 388 people before taking an unusual track in the Arabian Sea. At the end of October, a deep depression killed 14 people in Bangladesh.
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A cold front moved off the continent of North America in early September. The system spawned a low pressure area that gradually developed into a subtropical depression at 1800 UTC on September 10, while located about west-southwest of Bermuda. It rapidly acquired tropical characteristics and became Tropical Depression Ten at 0600 UTC on September 11. Thereafter, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence at 1200 UTC on that day and reached hurricane status only six hours later.
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Early on September 1, Lionrock made a Fujiwhara effect with Namtheun, while Lionrock maintained its strength while Namtheun was absorbed. Lionrock made landfall on the east coast of Guangdong Province, China, just north of the city of Shantou. It then started to dissipate and weaken into a tropical storm and moved over Guangzhou, Guangdong's capital. Lionrock soon lost its intensity as it went over Guangdong, and on September 3, the storm had turned into a low pressure area.
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The climate is also characterized by important local variations in temperature and precipitation according to altitude, relief and the degree of exposure to the elements. Annual precipitation therefore varies in the region of and the absolute minimum of is reached on the summit of Karthala. The hot, dry season is caused by a vast low pressure area which extends over a large part of the Indian Ocean and Central Africa. This low pressure favours gusty winds and cyclones.
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The remnants of Larry crossed the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, degenerating into a remnant low-pressure area before dissipating on October 7 in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The storm dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at in Unión Juárez, Chiapas, in southeastern Mexico. The rainfall caused mudslides and damage, which coincided with the presence of two other tropical cyclones—Eastern Pacific tropical storm Nora and Olaf. Overall, the storm resulted in five deaths and $53.4 million in damage (2003 USD).
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A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 7 and spawned a low-pressure area by the following day. At 18:00 UTC on September 8, a tropical depression developed about west-southwest of Dakar, Senegal. The depression moved steadily westward and intensified into Tropical Storm Humberto early on September 9. Despite moderate wind shear, Humberto continued to strengthen while passing south of Cape Verde, due to a moist atmosphere and warm ocean temperatures.
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By August 18, it was upgraded to a hurricane. The storm peaked with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg) on the following day, before weakening from colder ocean temperatures and increasing shear. At 0530 UTC August 20, Gordon struck Santa Maria Island in the Azores, about six and a half hours before weakening to a tropical storm. Later that day, it transitioned into an extratropical low pressure area.
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Later on the same day, Numa made landfall in Greece with a station at Kefalonia reporting peak winds of at 998 hPa. The cyclone rapidly weakened into a low-pressure area, before emerging into the Aegean Sea on 19 November. On 20 November, Numa was absorbed into another extratropical storm approaching from the north. Numa hit Greece at a time when the soil was already heavily soaked from other storm systems that did arrive before Numa.
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A low pressure area developed north of Hispaniola from a dissipating cold front, organizing into a tropical depression on October 15\. The system moved to the north- northeast, attaining peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), based on reports from ships. On October 17, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with an approaching cold front. The storm continued northeastward, merging with a larger storm on October 19 to the south of Atlantic Canada.
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Most (50–60%) of the drag on an artillery shell comes from the nose of the shell, as it pushes the air out of its way at supersonic speeds. Shaping the shell properly can reduce this drag but it is difficult to remove. However, another powerful source of drag is the low-pressure area left behind the shell due to its blunt base. Base bleed can reduce this drag without extending the base of the shell.
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In late February, low pressure area developed near the Cocos Islands, associated with the monsoon trough. After initially moving eastward, a ridge turned it to the west, and on March 7, the system crossed 90° E into the south-west Indian Ocean as a developing tropical depression. The next day, MFR upgraded it to Tropical Storm Litanne. For much of its track, Litanne moved generally to the west-southwest, to the north of a large ridge.
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On July 22, a new low pressure area developed while the tropical wave was located over the Gulf of Honduras. However, this area of disturbed weather was unable to develop further, because the storm quickly moved over the Yucatán Peninsula. After its one-day passage through the peninsula, the system entered the Bay of Campeche, but lacked any deep convection. This time, though, the wave quickly developed the deep convection it needed to become a tropical cyclone.
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A low-pressure area was observed by a Reconnaissance Aircraft and declared the first tropical depression of the year on May 25—one week before the official season began. Moving at about , the depression was located from the east central Bahamas. It moved towards Florida and stalled off the coast, with a prediction to cause thundershowers across the state on May 28. The Bahamian government released a storm warning for its northern islands as the system grew stronger.
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The storm then continued to move eastwards towards the East Coast, where it would continue to intensify. Early on January 2, the system started to become more complex as a new low pressure area had formed in the Gulf of Mexico along a stationary front. Winter storm warnings began to be issued by roughly mid-day from eastern New England to as far west as Pennsylvania as the storm closed in on the Northeast. By 3:00 p.
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A low pressure area developed within an equatorial trough centered over the southeastern Bay of Bengal on November 22\. After tracking northwestward for about twenty-four hours, the system developed into Tropical Cyclone 04B, while located about 815 km (505 mi) east-southeast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. While moving northward, it intensified into a deep depression at 1800 UTC on November 23\. Strengthening continued and early on November 24, the deep depression was upgraded to a cyclonic storm.
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A surge in the monsoon developed an area of convection over the Andaman Sea in early June, spawning a low-pressure area, which later became a depression on June 11\. Moving to the northwest along a ridge, it strengthened into a deep depression the next day. Early on June 13, the system struck Odisha near Puri, and initially maintained its intensity over land. However, it eventually weakened, degenerating into a remnant low over Chhattisgarh on June 14\.
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A low pressure area persisted over the northern Bay of Bengal on July 22, eventually organizing into a depression on July 25 about 160 km (100 mi) south of Kolkata. Moving northwestward, the system quickly intensified into a deep depression, with peak winds estimated at 55 km/h (35 mph). Late on July 25, the system made landfall north of Balasore in Odisha state. It progressed inland across India, weakening to depression status but remaining a distinct system.
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A cold front and a strong upper-level trough interacted, resulting in the development of an extratropical low pressure area on November 26\. After losing frontal characteristics, the system transitioned into Subtropical Storm Otto at 12:00 UTC on November 29, while located about east-southeast of Bermuda. Initially, the storm moved northwestward due to a weakness in a subtropical ridge. Late on November 29, Otto attained its maximum sustained wind speed of 50 mph (85 km/h).
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Extensive research has shown that the Temecula Valley is ideal for growing high-quality wine grapes as mist often lingers until mid-morning on the plateau, located below the peaks of the local mountain ranges. Significant cooling factors affect the flavor development of the grapes. As the sun warms the inland valleys east of Temecula, the air rises, forming a low-pressure area. The colder, much heavier air from the Pacific Ocean, just from Temecula, is then drawn inland.
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This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in the formation of a low pressure area. Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low as they warm more quickly than the atmosphere which surrounds them at the same altitude. Over the water, instability lows form during the winter when the air overlying the land is colder than the warmer water body. Thermal lows tend to have weak circulations, and can extend to in height.
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Hurricane Karl originated in a low pressure area that formed along a frontal boundary near the southeastern United States. It approached the Canadian Maritimes the next day and strengthened to below 1000 millibars. On November 24, the broad cyclone was located south of Newfoundland, and early the next day a mass of convection developed near the core. It evolved into a separate vortex, and due to the lack of inhibiting wind shear, a small cyclone developed.
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The initial extratropical low-pressure area forms at the location of the red dot on the image. It is usually perpendicular (at a right angle to) the leaf-like cloud formation seen on satellite during the early stage of cyclogenesis. The location of the axis of the upper level jet stream is in light blue. Tropical cyclones form when the energy released by the condensation of moisture in rising air causes a positive feedback loop over warm ocean waters.
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A low pressure area detached from a cold front and developed into a tropical depression on October 8, about southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. Moving slowly northeastward, the cyclone strengthened, despite relatively cool air and sea surface temperatures, with sustained winds reaching 60 mph (95 km/h) later that day. Early on October 9, the system curved east- northeastward. The following day, a ship observed a barometric pressure of , the lowest pressure associated with the storm.
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A low-pressure area that persisted off the coast of Mexico produced squalls during late August and early September. On September 2, the system developed and became a tropical depression. The depression was deemed a storm after satellite imagery showed a cloud pattern typical of a tropical storm and the depression was upgraded after the fact. Florence continued northward, strengthening to near-hurricane intensity with peak winds of 70 mph (112 km/h) and a pressure of 992 mb.
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According to the JTWC, Sagar was the strongest tropical cyclone on record to strike Somalia, with estimated 1-minute landfalling winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). The storm also made the westernmost landfall in the North Indian Ocean, surpassing a tropical storm in 1984, which took a nearly identical track to the east. The thunderstorms quickly weakened as Sagar progressed inland. On May 20, Sagar weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area over eastern Ethiopia.
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The interaction of a tropical wave and a cold upper low pressure area developed into a subtropical depression in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on September 3. It strengthened while gradually acquiring tropical characteristics and was reclassified as Tropical Storm Babe late on September 4\. The storm curved north-northeastward and by early on the following day, it was upgraded to a hurricane. Around that time, Babe peaked with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).
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At the same intensity, Bob made landfall west of Grand Isle, Louisiana, and rapidly weakened after moving inland. However, the resulting tropical depression persisted for several days as it paralleled the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. On July 16, the system emerged into the western Atlantic, where it was subsequently absorbed by a nearby low-pressure area. Widespread offshore and coastal evacuations took place along the Gulf Coast of the United States in preparation for Hurricane Bob.
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A weak low pressure area associated with the remnants of Peter developed into a tropical disturbance over the Gulf of Carpentaria on 8 January. After six hours, the disturbance intensified into a tropical low, which was named Greta. Moving east-northeast, the system strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone late on 9 January. By 00:00 UTC the next day, Greta became a Category 2 and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph).
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Toward the end of September 1933, there was a large area of disturbed weather across the southern Caribbean Sea. By September 30, a low pressure area developed south of San Andrés island. The next day, observations from a station at Cabo Gracias a Dios and a ship indicated a tropical storm had developed off the eastern coast of Honduras. Low atmospheric pressure suggested the system had winds of tropical storm force despite lack of direct observations.
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Severe Tropical Cyclone Lua affected a sparsely populated region of Western Australia during mid-March 2012. Originating in a broad low pressure area that formed northwest of Australia by 8 March, the storm was plagued by inhibiting wind shear for the duration of its formative stages. However, it gradually organised, and received the name Lua on 13 March. The cyclone meandered for the first several days of its existence, caught between weak and competing steering currents.
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On May 28, 1889, a low-pressure area formed over Nebraska and Kansas. By the time this weather pattern reached western Pennsylvania two days later, it had developed into what would be termed the heaviest rainfall event that had ever been recorded in that part of the United States. The U.S. Army Signal Corps estimated that of rain fell in 24 hours over the region. During the night, small creeks became roaring torrents, ripping out trees and debris.
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On September 24, 2005, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a tropical disturbance north of the Mariana Islands. Convective banding features soon consolidated around a low pressure area associated with the system, prompting the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert the following day. Later on September 25, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) declared the system a tropical depression. Situated in a region characterized by low wind shear and favorable upper-level divergence, steady intensification ensued.
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A tropical disturbance broke off from a low- to mid-level trough over the northern Caribbean Sea on November 2, moving southwestwards into the Eastern Pacific by November 8\. That same day, a low pressure area formed within the disturbance. Persistent deep convection significantly increased over the next few days, attributed to the passage of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave. Turning northwards due to a mid-level high, convection continued to increase despite increasing southwesterly wind shear.
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Another area of persistent convection formed within the proximity of the trough that would also spawn Tropical Storm Jangmi On August 7, west of Luzon. As Jangmi became the dominant system in the area, this low-pressure area remained disorganized. However, on the next day, as Jangmi moved away from the area, the system began to organize, and on August 9, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a Tropical Depression. Soon after, at 8:00 p.m.
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Early on June 25 at 0900 UTC, the remnants of Depression ARB 01 emerged into the Arabian Sea, and intensified into Depression ARB 02. The storm moved northward, weakened, and maintained its intensity as a well marked low pressure area over Kutch and neighbouring areas at 0000 UTC on 26 June 2009. Saurashtra and Kutch experienced active monsoon conditions under the influence of this system. Like its parent system, it was mostly monitored through synoptic and satellite analysis.
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A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 8, and entered the eastern Pacific on August 16. Three days later, a weak low pressure area formed, and thunderstorms consolidated near that feature. On August 21, the NHC designated the system Tropical Depression Ten-E about 350 mi (560 km) south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. A ridge over Mexico steered the system to the northwest through an area of warm waters and low wind shear.
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A weak low pressure area developed into the seventh storm of the season formed near the Cayman Islands on October 30. Initially a tropical depression, it tracked slowly north-northeastward and reached tropical storm status about six hours after forming. Early on October 31, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), several hours before making landfall in Sancti Spíritus Province several hours later. After emerging over the Bahamas, the storm slowly weakened.
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Intense Tropical Cyclone Ivan was a powerful tropical cyclone that struck Madagascar in February 2008. Forming from a persistent area of convection on February 7, Ivan initially tracked southeastward, before looping to the west- southwest. Encountering favourable conditions, it strengthened to attain peak winds on February 17 before striking northeastern Madagascar. It degenerated into a remnant low pressure area as it crossed the island, and briefly re- organized into a weak tropical depression before dissipating on February 22.
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Storm Georgina was officially named on 23 January after the low pressure area that was nearing Britain and Ireland suddenly had bombed out at . The storm affected the northern parts of Britain, causing numerous power outages as well as flooding and widespread structural damage there. There were widespread gusts in the range in the affected areas, with an isolated gust over a ski area in the Scottish Highlands. Georgina also brought torrential rains to Northern Ireland and Scotland.
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The system weakened gradually as it tracked slowly towards the Arabian Peninsula, then weakened more quickly after beginning to accelerate back towards India on 16 June. Vayu was downgraded to a deep depression the following morning, and further to a depression a few hours later. The system degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure area late on 17 June, just before crossing the Gujarat coast. Vayu's remnants continued inland for another day, before dissipating on 19 June.
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The storm continued losing convection, until it weakened into a well-marked low pressure area on May 23. The remnant system persisted for several more days, moving over the Indian state of Odisha late on May 25, before dissipating on the following day. The depression brought much-needed relief to Odisha which had been suffering from a heat wave that claimed at least 22 lives. Coastal areas previously reporting temperatures near fell below during the system's passage.
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The following day, Nanauk reached its peak intensity with a minimum central pressure of and 3-minute sustained winds of . As it tracked further northwestwards, the storm encountered moderate vertical wind shear, dry air and low sea surface temperatures, causing it to weaken rapidly into a Depression on June 13. A low-level steering flow deflected the storm to take a northward path, and the system was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area on June 14.
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A weak low pressure area was evident in the Australian basin as early as February 13 between the Cocos Islands and Christmas Island. It meandered for several days, executing a small loop, before beginning a westward motion. After passing south of the Cocos Islands, the system intensified into a tropical storm on February 18 and was named Leon. On the next day, the storm crossed into the south-west Indian Ocean, whereupon the Mauritius Meteorological Service renamed it Hanitra.
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A large low pressure area persisted on February 11 across northern Madagascar, centered near Cape Masoala along the country's eastern coast. Moving southward and later southeastward due to a trough, the system developed into a tropical disturbance on February 12 and slowly organized. On the next day, the JTWC began tracking the system as Tropical Cyclone 19S. The MFR upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Finella on February 14 after an eye feature developed within the central dense overcast.
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Rumbia spent roughly a day moving across the archipelago before emerging into the South China Sea. Over open waters, Rumbia resumed strengthening, and reached its peak intensity with winds of 95 km/h (50 mph) on July 1, ranking it as a severe tropical storm. The tropical cyclone weakened slightly before moving ashore the Leizhou Peninsula late that day. Due to land interaction, Rumbia quickly weakened into a low pressure area on July 2 and eventually dissipated soon afterwards.
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Hurricane Edna originated in an easterly tropical wave which modern research has estimated to have spawned a tropical depression east of the Caribbean Sea on September 2, 1954. The low pressure area was not observed in real time until several days later, on September 5, while situated between Puerto Rico and The Bahamas. Near the disturbance, a ship reported heavy squalls and wind gusts to . Additionally, the island of Puerto Rico experienced torrential rainfall in association with the storm.
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As the throttle valve is opened slightly from the fully closed position, the throttle plate uncovers additional fuel delivery holes behind the throttle plate where there is a low pressure area created by the throttle plate/Valve blocking the air flow; these allow more fuel to flow as well as compensating for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition to metered fuel flow through the regular open throttle circuit.
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Cyclonic Storm Bijli (JTWC designation: 01B), was the first tropical cyclone to form during the 2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Bijli formed from an area of Low Pressure on April 14. Later that evening, RSMC New Delhi upgraded the low pressure area to a Depression and designated it as BOB 01. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system and soon after designated it as Tropical Depression 01B.
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The following day, increasing wind shear and unfavorable conditions caused the storm to rapidly weaken. By the morning of October 14, Patricia had degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area near the southern coastline of Baja California Sur. The remnants of the storm persisted until October 15, at which time they dissipated over open waters. Although the center of Patricia did not impact land, the outer bands caused significant rainfall in portions of western Mexico.
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On May 21, the vigorous shortwave trough, co-located with a deep surface low, produced a violent tornado in Minnesota, while additional tornadoes killed fifteen people in Missouri. At the time, a potent mid-level jet stream produced winds of , providing ample wind shear for tornado-producing supercells. On May 22, surface weather analysis indicated another low-pressure area over southwestern Oklahoma. In attendance, a series of cold fronts affected western Texas and eastern New Mexico.
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Hurricane Isaac originated from a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa on August 17\. Moving generally westward, the low-pressure area initially did not have a well-defined center until three days later. As a result, convection associated with the system organized and intensified, and the tropical wave quickly strengthened into a tropical depression. In favorable conditions, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Isaac by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on August 21.
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Ahead of the primary flooding in February 2000, a tropical disturbance persisted off the west coast of Madagascar in January. Rains from the system helped end previous drought conditions, while also causing flooding and damage. In Morombe, precipitation from the system reached the equivalence of the annual rainfall in just 36 hours. On February 1, a low- pressure area formed within the monsoon trough to the south of Indonesia, which would eventually become Tropical Cyclone Leon.
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A northwest trajectory brought the system through the Ryukyu Islands, and the storm ultimately dissipated over eastern China on August 24, having moved ashore near Wenzhou. On September 8, a low pressure area formed east of the Philippines. It intensified into a tropical storm while moving to the northwest, passing near the Ryukyu Islands on September 17\. After bypassing Taiwan to the north, the storm approached the mouth of the Yangtze in eastern China, before recurving to the northeast.
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Marty then stalled over the Gulf of California after encountering a high pressure system over the U.S. state of Nevada, and further weakened to a tropical depression before making a second landfall near Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, on September 24. Marty became a remnant low pressure area on September 25, and moved erratically over the northern Gulf of California for the next two days before drifting southwestward and dissipating over the northern Baja California Peninsula on September 26.
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Tropical Storm Guillermo moved northwest at almost around the southwest side of a high pressure area over Central Mexico. Passing north of Socorro Island, Guillermo attained its maximum intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h) during the evening of July 9. Shortly after its peak, Guillermo began to weaken rapidly due to a combination of strong wind shear and waters. By 1800 UTC, most of the thunderstorm activity had dissipated and only a weak low-pressure area remained.
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Cold fronts come in association with a low-pressure area. The concept of colder, dense air "wedging" under the less dense warmer air is often used to depict how air is lifted along a frontal boundary. The cold air wedging underneath warmer air creates the strongest winds just above the ground surface, a phenomenon often associated with property-damaging wind gusts. This lift would then form a narrow line of showers and thunderstorms if enough moisture were present.
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In the wake of Hurricane Camille, a quasi-stationary front moved across the Southern United States and became situated over North Florida. A cut-off low pressure area developed along the system and acquired a low-level circulation. By 0000 UTC on August 25, the system was classified as a tropical depression while located about 100 mi (160 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida. Due to cold air in the region, the depression strengthened slowly while tracking nearly due east.
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Hurricane Darby was a strong tropical cyclone which affected Hawaii as a tropical storm. The fifth named storm of the busy 2016 Pacific hurricane season, Darby originated from a low pressure area that developed in the Eastern Pacific well southwest of Mexico during July 2016\. It gained sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression on July 11, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Darby the next day. Further intensification ensued, and Darby became a hurricane on July 13\.
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On July 1, the JMA upgraded a low-pressure area it had been monitoring to a tropical depression, located south-southwest of Okinotorishima. Later that day, the JMA began issuing advisories once the depression's sustained winds were estimated at 55 km/h (35 mph). Shortly thereafter, the PAGASA classified the system as a tropical depression, assigning the local name Emong. On July 2, the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm, and assigned the official name Nanmadol.
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A low- pressure area northwest of Palau developed into a tropical depression late on June 3. On the next day, the system received the name Domeng from PAGASA, while the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. After the system had consolidated further, the JMA finally upgraded the system to a tropical storm, naming it Maliksi. The JTWC, however, didn't track the system until 03:00 UTC of June 8 when it also gave the designation 06W.
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Despite this, the cyclone deepened further, becoming a hurricane on September 28 and peaking with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) shortly thereafter. Wind shear quickly took its toll on the hurricane, weakening it to a tropical storm early on September 29\. About 24 hours later, Marty degenerated into a post-tropical low pressure area offshore Guerrero. The low further degenerated into a trough later on September 30, and eventually dissipated on October 4\.
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It subsequently weakened into a tropical depression, but later reattained tropical storm intensity. By October 18, Kiko was forecast to make landfall along the western Mexican coastline as a moderate tropical storm. However, the cyclone turned to the west and reached its peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) on October 20\. The tropical storm slowly weakened to a remnant low-pressure area by October 24 and completely dissipated on October 27 without making landfall.
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A disturbance in the ITCZ developed into a tropical depression north of Panama on October 14\. Early on the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Katie. The system moved generally northeast due to the presence of a strong low pressure area along the East Coast of the United States. Later that day, Hurricane Hunters observed a rapidly intensifying hurricane, encountering winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a pressure of several hours before the peak intensity.
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On November 9, a cold front moved into the northwest Caribbean Sea, shortly before an abnormally strong high-pressure system entered in the area. The front then became nearly stationary and interacted with several tropical waves over the next week. The Intertropical Convergence Zone became active, causing monsoonal southwesterly flow to enter the system from the eastern Pacific Ocean. On November 13, surface weather analysis indicated a weak low-pressure area had developed north of Colombia.
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Originating in the monsoon trough in the South China Sea in early August, a low level circulation was first spotted about 370 km east of Vietnam on August 8. Slow development ensued, and the system became a tropical depression during the night of August 12. Tracking slowly north-northeast, Carmen began to accelerate to the east-northeast towards the Luzon Strait, steered by Abby. This acceleration was likely a redevelopment of the low pressure area downshear.
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Early on June 27, a low pressure area formed over the extreme northwestern portion of the Bay of Bengal. Soon after it moved ashore near Kolkata, and the system organized into a depression over West Bengal with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph). For several days the system maintained its intensity while moving northwestward, stalling on July 1 for three days over Madhya Pradesh. It later turned to the northeast and dissipated over Uttar Pradesh on July 6.
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A low-pressure area formed along from the outflow of Tropical Storm Tembin on November 10. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated a TCFA warning for a low-pressure system about 150 nautical miles (280 km) west-southwest of Palau late on November 12. This was upgraded to a tropical depression the next afternoon, 290 nautical miles (550 km) west of Palau. Forming inside the Philippine area of responsibility it has been named Pepeng by PAGASA.
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A tropical depression formed from a low-pressure area near Kwajalein Atoll on September 7. It strengthened rapidly; by the time position fixes could be taken, Nancy was nearly a super typhoon, on September 8. Moving gradually westward, Nancy explosively deepened and reached wind speeds equivalent to a Category 5 super typhoon (Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale) on September 9.Unisys Tracking Data accessed March 7, 2006 It would maintain that intensity for the next several days.
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Typhoon Muifa, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kabayan, was a large, powerful and persistent typhoon which affected a number of countries in the Pacific, killing 22 and causing widespread damage worth US$480 million. It was the ninth named storm, third typhoon and the second super-typhoon of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season. The low-pressure area which became Typhoon Muifa originally formed on 23 July. It gradually drifted to the west, becoming a tropical depression.
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A parade of low-pressure areas and tropical disturbances formed from the Intertropical Convergence Zone late on 15 July. Late on 23 July, one of the last low- pressure systems developed further to a weak tropical disturbance, which formed southeast of Chuuk in Micronesia. The system drifted to the west, and on 25 July the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression. At that time, it was located approximately west of Guam.
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In light of this, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) stated a moderate risk of severe weather for areas around the Minnesota-Iowa border. A slight risk was also defined for a broader region surrounding the moderate as well as a narrow line extending southward to Texas. A warm front began developing along the southeastern side of the low pressure area as it moved over The Dakotas. Picture of an EF2 tornado west of Arthur, Iowa on April 9\.
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On April 21, a low-pressure area separated from the prevailing westerlies about southeast of Bermuda, and developed into a subtropical depression at 1200 UTC. The system maintained a large comma-shaped cloud pattern around the low-level circulation. Operationally, it was not classified until 27 hours later. Isolated from strong steering currents, the depression tracked northwestward at , and intensified into a subtropical storm early on April 22; this was the first such storm on record in the month.
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Several rounds of severe thunderstorms occurred in Texas during this time period with the Dallas Metro being especially hit hard. Following >4 inches of rain, street flooding was reported. The responsible low pressure area was observed to finally move ashore mid-day on the 18, and the Colorado low began forming shortly afterward. In the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, blizzard warnings were issued March 17 in anticipation of a very heavy snowfall to be accompanied by strong winds.
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The cloud pattern associated with the hurricane deteriorated on October 2, and the center of circulation was separated from the convective activity. Otis weakened to a tropical storm and drifted erratically toward the north-northwest as a result of weak steering currents. Over increasingly cold waters, the cyclone further weakened to a depression on October 3 and consisted of a small swirl of low- level clouds. It became a remnant low pressure area the next day.
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Early on August 9, Muifa weakened to a tropical depression over northeast China and became a low pressure area later. Muifa killed 2 men, as their boat was capsized in the vicinity of Hagonoy, Bulacan and Pampanga Delta. Due to the southwest monsoon enhanced by Muifa, it caused heavy rains in several parts of Luzon including Metro Manila. Early on August 2, the Malacañan Palace suspended government offices and pre-school to college level in NCR.
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Late on August 19, an area of low pressure developed north of Palau. Early on August 20, the system became more better organized and developed a low-level circulation center (LLCC). The system then turned north and continued to drift north until August 21, when the JMA upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical depression east of Philippines. The JTWC also issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), reporting that the system was becoming better organized.
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The origins of the hurricane can be traced to a compact and slow-moving low-pressure area in the open Atlantic Ocean in late August 1940\. As the system progressed in a west-northwest direction, its center of circulation became more organized. As a result, the disturbance was classified as a tropical depression between the Greater Antilles and Bermuda at 1200 UTC on August 26\. Operationally, the storm was analyzed to have undergone tropical cyclogenesis on August 30.
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On September 14, a low-pressure area formed near the southern Marshall Islands. Favorable conditions allowed the low to strengthen into a tropical depression on September 17, and to intensify into a typhoon early on September 20. Shanshan reached peak intensity on September 21 as a Category 4 super typhoon. Due to the Fujiwhara effect, Shanshan was weakened by an extratropical cyclone located south of Kamchatka Krai, and Shanshan merged with it and collapsed into a single extratropical cyclone.
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On November 5, the JTWC first monitored an area of convection southwest of India, associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. On November 8, the IMD classified the storm as a depression, giving it the identifier ARB 01. The depression moved northeastward toward southern India, moving ashore near Thoothukudi on November 9, and soon degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnant low of the storm turned back to the northwest and re-emerged into the Arabian Sea.
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Typhoon Manny, a long-tracked storm in the western Pacific Ocean, dissipated as a tropical cyclone over the Malay Peninsula on December 15. The system emerged into the Andaman Sea on the next day, and continued westward across the Bay of Bengal. It evolved into a low pressure area on December 18, and intensified into the final depression of the season on the next day. Moving northwestward, The system passed northeast of Sri Lanka while moving northwestward.
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After a subtropical depression exited the Mozambique Channel, another area of convection formed in the region on January 8, which fluctuated in intensity for several days. A passing cold front increased convection further on January 12, which split off a cutoff low-pressure area. Two days later, a subtropical disturbance formed offshore Beira, Mozambique, classified due to the extratropical origins and lack of centralized convection. The system remained nearly stationary, with the convection extending well to the east.
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Cyclonic Storm Roanu was a relatively weak tropical cyclone that caused severe flooding in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh during May 2016\. It is the first tropical cyclone of the annual cyclone season. Roanu originated from a low pressure area that formed south of Sri Lanka, which gradually drifted north and intensified into a cyclonic storm on 19 May. However, wind shear and land interaction caused it to weaken slightly, before reintensifying as it accelerated towards the coast of Bangladesh.
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Early on October 16, Omar reached its peak intensity with maximum winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 958 mbar (hPa; 28.29 inHg). Shortly after, the hurricane rapidly weakened to Category 1 intensity. After slightly re-strengthening the next day, Omar weakened to a tropical storm before degenerating into a non-convective low pressure area. The remnants of Omar persisted until October 21, at which time they dissipated to the west of the Azores.
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Late on October 17, wind shear increased once more as Omar tracked over waters below . Around 0000 UTC on October 18, Omar weakened to a tropical storm as deep convection associated with it dissipated. Twelve hours later, while still producing tropical storm-force winds, the storm degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnants of Omar persisted until 0600 UTC on October 21, when they dissipated about 805 mi (1,295 km) west of the Azores.
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After moving west- northwestward for several days, it turned to the northeast on December 9, during which it attained typhoon status. The typhoon maintained peak winds for about two days before quickly weakening to a remnant area of low pressure on December 11. A ship in the vicinity of the cyclone reported a minimum pressure of . On December 16, a low pressure area quickly organized into a typhoon about 350 miles (565 km) east of Surigao.
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Early on June 2, the JMA reported that an area of low pressure had formed over Hainan island. During the next 36 hours the low pressure area moved to the east before late on June 3, the JMA reported that the system had intensified into a tropical depression whilst located about to the northwest of Manila, Philippines. Over the next couple of days, the depression moved to the northwest before the JMA stopped monitoring the system early on June 6.
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The eighth tropical depression of the season originated from a tropical wave that crossed the western coast of Africa on August 23. Tracking westward, the wave reached the Caribbean Sea and became increasingly ill- defined while in the central Caribbean. An increase in convection was observed on September 1 and the subsequent day as the wave entered the western Caribbean. After moving into the Bay of Campeche, a broad low-pressure area formed in association with the system on September 5.
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Later that day, Chris peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg). After encountering colder waters, it weakened back to a tropical storm on June 22. Chris transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 1200 UTC, after interacting with another extratropical low pressure area to its south. The precursor of Chris produced several days of rainfall in Bermuda from June 14 to 17, totaling at the L.F. Wade International Airport.
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Although Nadine veered east-southeastward, it did cause relatively strong winds on the islands. Late on September 21, Nadine curved southward, shortly before degenerating into non-tropical low-pressure area. After moving into an area of more favorable conditions, it regenerated into Tropical Storm Nadine early on September 23\. The storm then drifted and moved aimlessly in the northeastern Atlantic, turning west-northwestward on September 23 and southwestward on September 25\. Thereafter, Nadine curved westward on September 27 and northwestward on September 28\.
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The weakening briefly stopped after Douglas went through an eyewall replacement cycle, but Douglas was downgraded to a tropical storm late on July 24 as the storm only had a small area of deep convection left. Tropical storm Douglas briefly stopped weakening as convection increased, only to fade away again hours later. The storm was downgraded to a tropical depression early on July 26, and later that day degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. The remnant low dissipated the next day.
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The 2010 Colombo floods were an isolated incident that took place between 10 November and 11 November 2010 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. As a low-pressure area developed over the city, up to of rain fell during the short period of 15 hours overnight, causing widespread damage and flooding in the area; the highest amount of rainfall in 18 years. A joint Government-UN assessment was launched on the 13th to understand the level of damage in the affected areas.
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A tropical wave and its associated low pressure area emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on August 21\. By the following day, two METEOSAT satellites indicated that the system had a distinct cyclonic rotation and increasing deep convection. At 12:00 UTC on August 23, Tropical Depression Six developed while located about 415 mi (670 km) west-southwest of Brava, Cape Verde. Initially, a weak deep-layer mean flow caused the depression to track west-northwest.
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However, the convection and circulation had become better defined by August 21. By August 23, the system had developed an elongated and poorly- defined circulation, as indicated by the Hurricane Hunters, though convention continued to expand. On the next day, the low pressure area crossed Guadeloupe into the Caribbean Sea while producing gale-force winds. By this point, the NHC noted that the system could develop into a tropical depression at any time, as the system was only lacking a well-defined circulation.
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Snow falling in London, 2 February 2009 The February 2009 snowstorm followed an intense Sudden stratospheric warming in the previous month. These events often help to set up surface weather patterns that give rise to cold spells and snowfall in Europe. The snow then resulted from several factors starting on 1 February, the main component of which was a strong low pressure area near Spain. A strong high pressure area over Scandinavia created a tight pressure gradient between the two systems.
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The intertropical convergence zone was active across the Indian Ocean in the middle of February 2007, which spawned a low pressure area southeast of Diego Garcia on February 18. The system developed convection, or thunderstorms, over a weak, but well-defined low-level circulation. The MFR first began tracking the system as a tropical disturbance on February 19. An anticyclone over the nascent system provided weak wind shear and outflow to the north and east, both favorable conditions for development.
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Average trajectory of a clipper An Alberta clipper, also known as a Canadian clipper, is a fast moving low pressure area weather system which generally affects the central provinces of Canada and parts of the Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, and New England, precipitating a sudden temperature drop and sharp winds. Alberta clippers take their name from Alberta, the province from which they appear to descend, and from clipper ships of the 19th century, one of the fastest ships of that time.
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Late on October 6, a low pressure area formed several hundred miles south of the Mexican coast. The disturbance quickly became more organized and two days later, the National Hurricane Center remarked that the low would likely strengthen into a tropical depression. However, thunderstorm activity diminished greatly near the center of circulation, with what little shower activity there was left displaced to the east due to high wind shear. On October 12, the system was finally declared a tropical depression.
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In early January, the intertropical convergence zone persisted off the northeast coast of Madagascar, spawning a low pressure area on January 6\. The next day, the system developed into a tropical disturbance, which initially moved to the east due to high pressure to the south. On January 8, the system developed a curved area of convection, which later developed into a central dense overcast. Initially located within a broader trough, the disturbance gradually became better defined as a distinct system.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression about 75 mi (120 km) east of Florida at 00:00 UTC on September 18\. It is estimated that the depression reached tropical storm intensity about 12 hours later, based on ships reporting near- tropical storm force winds. The storm drifted northeast and slowly strengthened, becoming a hurricane on September 20\. The system made have interacted with the previous storm, which was at Category 3 intensity and located near Bermuda on September 21\.
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The origins of Tropical Storm Arthur are believed to have been from a decaying cold front in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in July 2002. By July 9, a weak low-level circulation was first detected, in association with a broad low pressure area. Across the region, surface pressures were high, while upper level wind shear was marginally favorable for slow tropical development. The system tracked slowly north-northwestward, gradually becoming better defined, although thunderstorm activity remained limited and disorganized.
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Satellite image of the November depression east of India For several days in June, the JTWC monitored a disturbance in the northern Bay of Bengal for potential development, associated with the southwest monsoon. On June 9, a low pressure area formed, and it became well-defined by June 11. By that time, there was convection located west of an exposed circulation. Early on the following day, the IMD classified it as a depression, estimating peak winds of 45 km/h (30 mph).
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Toward the end of April, an area of convection persisted in the southern Bay of Bengal. It developed into a distinct low pressure area on May 1 over the body of water, but soon moved westward into India without developing. On May 4, the system emerged from Kerala into the Arabian Sea, and soon after convection rapidly increased. Early on May 5, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 01A about 370 km (230 mi) west-southwest of Kochi, India.
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For about ten days in September, a monsoon depression persisted around the northern edge of the Bay of Bengal onto adjacent landmasses, initially associated with an upper-level low. On September 10, a low pressure area developed within the monsoon trough in the extreme northern Bay of Bengal. Moving northwestward, it organized into a depression after it moved ashore, organizing over West Bengal near Kolkata. The system attained peak winds of 45 km/h (30 mph) despite being over land.
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On September 26, a tropical wave exited Africa and quickly developed a low pressure area. Following a convective increase and better- defined outflow, it developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about 115 miles (185 km) west-southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands early on September 28. Because the depression was isolated from the subtropical ridge, the depression drifted west-northwestward. Westerly wind shear prevented significant development, but following an increase in convection, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Melissa early on September 29.
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A few hours later, the hurricane attained a secondary peak intensity with a maximum sustained wind speed of 80 mph (130 km/h). Late on September 3, the storm passed through the Azores, shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. After becoming extratropical, the remnants moved rapidly northeastward and continued to weaken, before dissipating southwest of Ireland late on September 4\. However, the Weather Bureau noted that gales prevailed offshore France until September 12, when the system merged with a low pressure area.
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An isolated thunderstorm rolls through Wah Wah Valley, Utah. This type of monsoonal pattern is very common in the late summer of the southwest US. In deserts, lack of ground and plant moisture that would normally provide evaporative cooling can lead to intense, rapid solar heating of the lower layers of air. The hot air is less dense than surrounding cooler air. This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in a low pressure area called a thermal low.
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On the following day, the power of the storm quickly lessened as it encountered increasingly unfavorable conditions, including high wind shear. As Ockhi became embedded within a deep mid-latitude trough, the storm rapidly underwent an extratropical transition. Dry and cold air from the subcontinent rapidly weakened the storm, and it was last noted as a well-marked low- pressure area south of the Gulf of Cambay on December 6. Afterward, the remnant of Ockhi crossed over land and dissipated several hours later.
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A low pressure area in the Bay of Campeche developed into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on July 31. Moving north-northwestward, the depression deepened into a tropical storm six hours later. The storm, identified as "Baker" by the United States Air Force, then intensified slowly and gradually curved to the northwest. At 00:00 UTC on August 2, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of .
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The origins of Gladys can be traced back to an active Western Pacific monsoon trough during mid-August 1991\. An area of disturbed weather developed within the trough late on August 13\. A weak low- pressure area then developed and over the next two days, the disturbance slowly organized while tracking northwestward. The JMA upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on August 15 while the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) at 07:30 UTC.
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Weather map of the intense typhoon on July 26 northeast of the Philippines A preexisting low pressure area organized into a tropical cyclone on June 9 near Chuuk State. It moved to the northwest as a tropical depression, influencing the trade winds on Yap. On June 13, the storm executed a small loop to the southwest, later turning back to the northwest. It eventually intensified into a typhoon, producing a pressure of in the Ryukyu Islands while passing to the east.
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A weak low-pressure area that organized in the northeast Gulf of Mexico began to intensify on July 28, while located west of the Tampa Bay. Early in its life, the system had a broad circulation with primarily light winds, similar to that of a subtropical storm. The storm is estimated to have become a tropical depression earlier the previous day as it moved toward the northeast. It made landfall along the Florida coast near Cross City and continued inland, gradually accelerating.
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Late on August 21, a Hurricane Hunters mission observed flight-level winds of 51 mph (84 km/h), and on this basis the NHC upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Isaac. Despite its intensification, the storm was disorganized with its center north of the deepest convection. The circulation became elongated early on August 22, and the storm absorbed drier air in its northeast quadrant. Later that day, the low pressure area passed just south of Guadeloupe and into the Caribbean Sea.
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Ivan weakened to a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on September 24, and two hours later it moved ashore near Holly Beach, Louisiana. Initial computer models forecast the low-level circulation to turn southwestward and re-emerge into the Gulf of Mexico. However, the storm rapidly weakened over land, and by 1200 UTC on September 24, Ivan degenerated into a remnant low pressure area over southeast Texas. The low turned to the south and the circulation dissipated early on September 25.
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On August 14, a cold front moved across the Southeastern United States, becoming nearly stationary over subsequent days. The interaction between the stalled cold front and a high-pressure system led to the formation of a low-pressure area near Savannah, Georgia, on August 17\. By 18:00 UTC on August 20, the small system gained enough organization to be declared a tropical depression about southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Six hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Chantal.
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The origins of Hurricane Floyd were from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Honduras on October 5. Over the subsequent few days, it drifted eastward and later southward to a position off the east coast of Nicaragua. On October 9, a Hurricane Hunters flight confirmed the development of an organized circulation, which indicated that Tropical Depression Thirteen had developed. After continuing a southward drift, the depression turned to the north and later northwest due to a building ridge to its east.
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A broad low-pressure area formed well south of Mexico late on October 9\. At first, it showed some signs of organization, but convection associated with the system soon diminished as it tracked steadily westwards. Eventually the system reorganized, and by October 15, it had gained enough organization to be designated as Tropical Depression Nineteen-E. The depression organized very slowly due to its elongated circulation, and only became a tropical storm two days later, upon which the NHC named it Olaf.
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On June 27, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave moving over Central America for possible development. A low pressure area formed south of Mexico on June 30, and early on July 3, the storm gained enough organization to be designated Tropical Depression Three-E. Six hours later, amid a favorable environment with high sea surface temperatures and decreasing vertical wind shear, it intensified into Tropical Storm Blas. Steady strengthening ensued, and Blas intensified into a hurricane on July 4.
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Early on October 15, a low pressure area developed into a tropical storm, while located about 625 mi (1,005 km) southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. The storm moved west-southwestward and slowly strengthened. At 12:00 UTC on October 17, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of ; the latter was observed by a few ships. Early on October 18, it curved northwestward and began to accelerate.
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Soon after, PAGASA followed suit, and the JMA as well. The remnants of the storm fully dissipated by May 17, with PAGASA downgrading the storm's remains into an low-pressure area. In preparation for the incoming typhoon, Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) #3 warnings were issued for Northern Samar and the northern portion of Eastern Samar. According to the NDRRMC, Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo) left ₱1.57 billion (US$31.1 million) worth of damages in agriculture, and left 5 dead, as of May 27.
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On September 18, a tropical wave exited Africa and later crossed into the eastern Pacific on September 29 without development. Convection increased in the Pacific along the wave axis, spawning a broad low pressure area on October 5. Despite the presence of wind shear, it organized enough for the NHC to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Sixteen-E on October 9 about to the west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California. Influenced by a high pressure system, the depression drifted northward.
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In late December, a low pressure area was tracked for several days moving westwards towards Queensland. Early on Christmas Day (local time) it strengthened rapidly and was designated Tropical Cyclone Tasha when it was east northeast of Cairns. The cyclone crossed the coast between Cairns and Innisfail at about 5:30 am, with wind gusts of up to 105 km/h (65 mph) recorded off the coast. Rainfall of about 100 mm was recorded in the space of an hour.
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The residual thunderstorms spread ahead of the circulation over Pakistan, producing of rainfall at Gwadar. In the city, the storm washed away houses and flooded the port, On June 6, Phet moved ashore the country near Karachi, a city of 16 million people, where several neighborhoods were flooded and power outages lasted over 12 hours. Across Pakistan, the storm killed 16 people and left $81 million in damage. Phet continued into western India, where it degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area.
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On January 23, a low-pressure area developed off the Pacific Northwest, before moving over the Canadian Prairies by January 24. The storm system quickly moved southeastward into the Upper Midwest during the evening of January 24, taking a path typical of an Alberta clipper. As it progressed southward, the storm intensified, with frontogenesis occurring the next day. By noon on January 25, the upper-level low was centered near the border between Iowa and Missouri in correlation with a weak shortwave trough.
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A large band of frontal clouds became situated over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on June 27\. By the following day, satellite imagery indicated that a low-pressure area began developing northwest of Bermuda, along the northwest periphery of the frontal cloud band. Substantial amounts of deep convection eventually formed north and west of the low center. Thus, the system was designated as a subtropical storm at 1200 UTC on June 29, while centered approximately east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
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Towards the beginning of March, a diffuse low-pressure system persisted for several days near Tromelin Island, remaining nearly stationary with an occasional drift towards the north or west. Though conditions were initially favourable, the further development of the system was slowed by its large size. An influx of dry air and strong wind shear muted convective activity around the low-pressure area, eventually leading to its dissipation on 4 March. However, convection unexpectedly reemerged the next day north of the Mascarene Islands.
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On December 3, a depression formed over the east-central Arabian Sea, with the IMD marking it as Depression ARB 06. It gradually strengthened into a deep depression soon after. Initial forecasts expected the system to intensify into a cyclonic storm, however, a high amount of wind shear caused it to weaken substantially, and it weakened into a low-pressure area on December 5, west of the Indian coast. Heavy rains associated with the depression caused extensive flooding in Tamil Nadu.
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An area of convection developed to the northwest of the Maldives on May 18. Over the next two days, it became better organized and the IMD reported that it had developed into a low pressure area on May 20, giving it the identifier ARB 03. The system slowly drifted northwestwards into favorable environment for tropical cyclogenesis and developed good outflow. The JTWC issued a TCFA on May 21 after convective bands began to wrap into the broad low-level circulation center (LLCC).
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A low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on May 19. It slowly consolidated, prompting IMD to classify it as a Depression on May 21, followed by JTWC issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) in the following hours. Over the following day, the depression continued moving north- northeastwards towards an area of high vertical wind shear. The JTWC cancelled the TCFA issued for the system, stating that high wind shear had caused the convection to start dissipating.
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In late October, a low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. It slowly consolidated and a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on October 24. The following day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the storm as a depression, designating it ARB 02, and the JTWC estimated tropical storm winds at the storm's center, starting advisories for the system. On October 26, the system remained stationary and intensified into a Deep Depression.
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On November 1, an area of convection formed southwest of Sumatra just south of the equator. It moved southwestward and slowly developed a distinct low pressure area. On November 6, the system strengthened enough for the BoM to name it Bessi while the storm was west of 90° E. The MFR began tracking the storm on November 8 once it reached 85° E, estimating winds of 100 km/h (65 mph). Two days later, a nearby ship reported winds of .
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At the end of November, an area of low pressure persisted near Diego Garcia, associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A circulation developed southwest of the island on November 29, which moved generally to the southwest due to an anticyclone to the south. On December 1, the low pressure area was confirmed to have developed into Tropical Storm Bertha while near the Mascarene Islands. While in the vicinity, the storm produced winds of 55 km/h (35 mph) in Rodrigues.
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The predecessor to Typhoon Bilis began as a developing area of disturbed weather well south-southeast of Guam on August 15\. Satellite analysis revealed a broad low-pressure area associated with the developing convection. Within an area supportive of tropical cyclogenesis, the disturbance gradually organized and intensified. At 0600 UTC on August 17, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began classifying the system as a tropical depression. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) followed suit the following day at 1200 UTC.
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This moderates temperature swings and produces a remarkably mild year-round climate with little seasonal temperature variation. Fog is a regular feature of San Francisco summers. Among major U.S. cities, San Francisco has the coolest daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures for June, July, and August. During the summer, rising hot air in California's interior valleys creates a low pressure area that draws winds from the North Pacific High through the Golden Gate, which creates the city's characteristic cool winds and fog.
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On May 13, a tropical disturbance formed about , to the east of Manila in the Philippines. The disturbance was located in an area of low vertical wind shear and had a consolidating low- level circulation center. The JTWC then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the disturbance early the next day, as deep convection was building near to the low pressure area. Later that day both the JTWC and the JMA upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, citing good outflow.
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On October 4, an upper-level low persisted over the southeast Arabian Sea. That day, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) first mentioned an area of scattered convection southwest of India as an area for potential tropical cyclogenesis, due to projections from tropical cyclone forecast models. The convective system was located in the warm waters of the Arabian Sea in an area of low wind shear. The circulation slowly became more defined, developing a low pressure area on October 5\.
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Across the Texas Panhandle, at least five died due to exposure on January 6. Other locations across the Midwest received blizzard condition's along the inverted trough to the north and northwest of the main low pressure area. On January 7 and 8, this system's associated blizzard led to the largest loss of life from a blizzard in Iowa's history, with 20 perishing. Snow drifts across Kentucky shut down travel on the Louisville and Nashville, Chesapeake and Ohio, and Chesapeake and Southwestern railroads.
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A low-pressure area developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 10, approximately northeast of Eleuthera Island in the Bahamas. Tracking to the northeast, the depression intensified into a tropical storm about 24 hours later. Based on observations from the S.S. Emergency Aid and S.S. City of Joseph, the cyclone strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane around 12:00 UTC on September 12\. The hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression while located about 75 mi (120 km) northeast of Guanaja in the Bay Islands Department of Honduras. Although conditions were favorable for rapid deepening, the depression failed to do so because it was not vertically stacked and struck the Yucatan Peninsula late on October 18. After emerging into the Gulf of Mexico on the following day, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Laurie. Later on October 19, Laurie curved northward and continued intensifying.
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At 07:30 UTC, Depression BOB 05 made landfall over Tamil Nadu, India, and it weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area overland at 00:00 UTC on the next day, right before emerging into the Arabian Sea. Since that, the remnants no longer had a chance to develop as it continued drafting westward and encountering strong dry air. The remnants became almost stationary and turned west-southwestward on November 20, before finally dissipating near Socotra, Yemen on the next day.
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A low pressure area formed over the central Gulf of Mexico between August 19 and August 20\. Ships and weather maps indicate that a tropical depression developed from the low to the northwest of the western tip of Cuba at 00:00 UTC on August 22. The system moved northwestward and intensified into a tropical storm about 24 hours later. By 12:00 UTC on August 23, sustained winds were estimated to have peaked at 50 mph (85 km/h).
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Classified as Tropical Depression Fourteen, the system developed from a low pressure area offshore the Southeastern United States on September 8\. It headed generally north- northeastward ahead of a mid-level cyclone that moved south-southeastward into the central Appalachian Mountains. While the storm passed just offshore the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the depression dropped of precipitation on Bodie Island. Thereafter, the cyclone began losing tropical characteristics and became extratropical on September 11 while making landfall on Long Island, New York.
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The first storm of the season originated from a developing low pressure area south of Java in the Indian Ocean on 20 November. The system tracked southeastward, and organized only slowly due to moderate wind shear. However, at 0600 on 21 November, TCWC Perth initiated advisories on Tropical Low 01U. Over the course of the next day, the disturbance continued toward the east-southeast into an environment more conducive for further intensification, and as a result, its structure began to improve.
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A dissipating cold front stalled over the southeastern United States from Arkansas to North Carolina on July 9\. On the next day, a low pressure area developed along the coast of Georgia. Soon after, the front dissipated, and by 12:00 UTC on July 10, the system developed into a tropical storm. Observations from a coastal lighthouse and a nearby ship indicated that the storm attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) while moving slowly east-northeastward, just offshore the Carolinas.
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Tropical Storm Gamma originated out of a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa on November 3. For a late- season tropical wave, the system kept an unusually high amount of convection as it trekked across the Atlantic Ocean. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to actively track the wave when it was located about off the coast of Barbados. The low pressure area changed little during November 13, producing locally heavy rains in the Caribbean Islands, but not developing.
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The remnants of Cyclone Vardah crossed the Indian Subcontinent and entered the Arabian Sea on 14 December. Owing to warm sea surface temperatures, the system regenerated into a depression on 17 December, with the IMD assigning the storm a new identifier, ARB 02. On the next day, the system entered an area marked by colder sea surface temperatures and high wind shear, causing it to rapidly weaken into a well-marked low-pressure area, just off the coast of Somalia.
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A low pressure area developed in association with a slow-moving frontal boundary over western Atlantic on August 10 and August 11\. Tracking northeastward in response to deep southeasterly flow, the disturbance was initially slow to organize, but a marked organization of thunderstorm activity took place on August 12\. Thus, Tropical Depression Six developed at 18:00 UTC while situated roughly 260 mi (420 km) north of Bermuda. The system brought unsettled weather to island, with rainfall reaching at L.F. Wade International Airport.
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With Dawn appearing as a threat to the Mid-Atlantic, storm and gale warnings were issued from Chincoteague Inlet, Virginia, to Cape May, New Jersey, on September 8. However, the hurricane veered southeastward on September 9 and weakened to a tropical storm. By late on September 10, after the cold low pressure area relinquished influence over Dawn, the cyclone began moving westward, but continued to deteriorate. Dawn weakened to a tropical depression while well east of Georgia late on September 12\.
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A southwestward-moving cold-core low pressure area developed into a subtropical depression while located about west- southwest of Flores Island in the Azores on November 1. After forming, the system soon strengthened and was upgraded to Subtropical Storm Delta. Early on November 3, Delta attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . Around that time, the subtropical storm briefly moved southward, before beginning a general eastward movement on November 4\.
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Ahead of the developing low pressure area, a squall line of thunderstorms developed along a low-level jet stream. The line was first noted around 3:35 am CDT in Cass County, Iowa where winds were recorded at the Atlantic Municipal Airport. Later that day, a much stronger line of severe thunderstorms developed in Plymouth County. Wind gusts up to were recorded in the county, two barns and a horse shed were shifted off their foundation and several trees were uprooted.
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Laura on September 29 Overnight, convection associated with Laura began to diminish and lose tropical characteristics, but still retained its status. Early on October 1, the extratropical transition was fully apparent. Laura remained tropical but the cloud pattern was becoming frontal and there was little convection around the center of the system. With minimal shower and thunderstorm activity remaining around the center of Laura, the storm degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area on October 1 while still producing tropical storm-force winds.
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The final tropical cyclone to develop during July 1992, Tropical Storm Irving originated from a distinct but weak low-pressure area embedded in the Western Pacific monsoon trough that extended from the South China Sea to the central Philippine Sea. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) starting following the system at 06:00 UTC on July 30\. Thunderstorm activity steadily increased; however, multiple low-level circulations remained present. On July 31, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system into a tropical depression.
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A broad low pressure area developed over Central America on May 19, accompanied by heavy rainfall. The system drifted eastward into the Caribbean Sea, and by May 23 was located in the central Caribbean, producing rainfall across Jamaica, eastern Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Upper-level winds prevented tropical cyclogenesis of the system. However, the low had characteristics of a subtropical cyclone, with a closed atmospheric circulation and extensive convection extending to the northeast of the system.
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In Oneida County, the high winds downed trees and wires in New York Mills, Waterville, Sylvan Beach, North Bay, Lee Center, Rome, McConnellsville and Verona. In Saratoga County a large tree limb was downed in Saratoga Springs which damaged four cars. Total damage in New York totaled to $35,000. A low pressure area which used to be Opal moved across western and northern New York late and into Vermont on the night of October 5 and the morning October 6.
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A tropical wave moved across the Atlantic and Caribbean in early July. While crossing Central America on July 11 and July 12, the system produced gusty winds and heavy rainfall, especially in Honduras, Nicaragua, and Mexico, where precipitation reached in Coyutla, Veracruz. By July 13, the wave and associated low pressure area emerged into the Pacific Ocean. The system organized further and developed into Tropical Depression Three-E at 1200 UTC on July 14, while located about west-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.
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A tropical wave that eventually became Tropical Storm Bud was first identified off the coast of Africa on May 22. It moved across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, then into the eastern Pacific Ocean on June 6 with little development. The tropical wave remained disorganized until June 11 when a broad low-pressure area developed southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. The wave was only intensifying slowly, and on June 13, it became strong enough to be designated as a tropical depression.
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3D map showing Hadley cells in relationship to trade winds on the surface. As part of the Hadley cell, surface air flows toward the equator while the flow aloft is towards the poles. A low-pressure area of calm, light variable winds near the equator is known as the doldrums, near-equatorial trough, intertropical front, or the Intertropical Convergence Zone. When located within a monsoon region, this zone of low pressure and wind convergence is also known as the monsoon trough.
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Due to the quick deterioration of the storm, the National Hurricane Center noted that, "Dalila is winding down faster than anticipated". Early on July 27, it weakened to a tropical depression. Later that day, the storm became devoid of deep convection for over 12 hours. As a result, the National Hurricane Center ceased advisories on Dalila late on July 27, since it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area while located about west of the southern tip of Baja California.
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The 2011 floods in Europe, caused by low-pressure area Meeno, occurred in late October–early November in France, Italy and Ireland. In Italy the river Po rose 4 m (13 feet) in Turin and a number of people (including two children) died in Genoa. A state of emergency in the Italian regions of Liguria and Tuscany was declared after floods killed 10 people on 27 October, causing mudslides. In Ireland, a state of emergency was declared in Dublin three days before.
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A nor'easter (also northeaster; see below) is a macro-scale extratropical cyclone in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The name derives from the direction of the winds that blow from the northeast. The original use of the term in North America is associated with storms that impact the upper north Atlantic coast of the United States and the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. Typically, such storms originate as a low-pressure area that forms within of the shore between North Carolina and Massachusetts.
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Tropical Storm Frances caused extensive flooding in Mexico and Texas in September 1998\. The sixth tropical cyclone and sixth named storm of the annual hurricane season, Frances developed from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico on September 8\. The cyclone moved northward through the western Gulf of Mexico, making landfall across the central Texas coastline before recurving across the Midwest through southeast Canada and New England. A large tropical cyclone for the Atlantic Basin,Robert T. Merrill (1984).
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An NASA satellite image was annotated to demonstrate a cartoon high-pressure system that would influence the formation of the Papagayo jet. The air travelling clockwise off the North American continent is cold and dense, with a high pressure. As it moves southwest over the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, it meets warm, moist air with a comparatively low pressure. This establishes a dramatic pressure gradient, causing the cold, high-pressure air to flow quickly into the low-pressure area.
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A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 17. It moved across the shear-ridden Atlantic Ocean without development, and remained disorganized until reaching the western Caribbean Sea on September 26. There, the wave situated itself beneath an upper-level anticyclone, allowing for favorable upper-level outflow and for deep convection to develop. On the September 27, a low pressure area developed while the system was located a few hundred miles to the east of the Yucatán Peninsula.
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A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on June 3. It tracked westward across the unfavorable Atlantic Ocean, and on June 15 it crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean. The system continued westward, and late on June 16 a low pressure area developed about 300 miles (480 km) southwest of San José, Costa Rica. At around 1200 UTC on June 17, Dvorak classifications began on the disturbance, though initially its convection was broadly distributed and disorganized.
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After emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin, Son-Tinh restrengthened before making its second landfall as a tropical storm in Northern Vietnam on July 19. Once inland, Son-Tinh weakened into a low pressure area as it slowed and made a clockwise loop. The remnants of Son-Tinh then emerged back over water and regenerated into a tropical depression late on July 21. The storm caused severe floods and mudslides in Vietnam, leading to the death of at least 32 people.
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However, strong vertical wind shear and unfavourable MJO inhibited rapid intensification or further intensification of the system. Moving northeastwards, it reached its peak intensity in the early hours of 16th. The system maintained its peak intensity till landfall near Sandoway (Thandwe) in Myanmar in the midnight. After landfall, the system weakened into a Deep Depression in early hours of 17th, into a Depression in the morning and well marked low pressure area over central Myanmar and neighbourhood in the forenoon of 17th.
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Cierzo wind blowing in Zaragoza. The cierzo is a strong, dry and usually cold wind that blows from the North or Northwest through the regions of Aragon, La Rioja and Navarra in the Ebro valley in Spain. It takes place when there is an anticyclone in the Bay of Biscay and a low-pressure area in the Mediterranean Sea. It is known since ancient times, and its name stems from the Latin word circius, which probably came from an Iberian word.
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On July 22, a low pressure area formed into a tropical depression while located about halfway between the Philippines and the Marianas Islands. The depression steadily intensified as it tracked to the northwest, and attained typhoon status on July 18. After a brief turn to the north-northeast, the storm changed its motion to the northwest, and made landfall on southeastern Taiwan and later on China on July 20 about 120 miles (195 km) south of Shanghai. It quickly dissipated.
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Described by the JTWC as having "one of the most unusual tracks in North Indian Ocean cyclone history", the storm originated as an area of convection that formed on October 14 in the southern Bay of Bengal. Moving westward, it struck near Chennai on October 17 as a well-defined low pressure area. It crossed southern India and emerged into the Arabian Sea on October 20\. The system developed into a depression on October 22 and quickly intensified while moving northward.
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They also added that they did release a weather advisory on the low- pressure area (that was once Usman) on December 29 regarding that "moderate to heavy rains will continue over Bicol Region in the next 24 hours." Because the system caused damages of over ₱1 billion, the PAGASA retired the name Usman, despite it being used for the first time in their naming lists. In March 2019, the PAGASA revised their lists and replaced the name with Umberto for the 2022 season.
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Though the depression was predicted to intensify into a tropical storm, strong wind shear produced by an upper-anticyclone prevented significant strengthening. The depression tracked slowly and erratically through the Gulf of Mexico. By late on June 8, a reconnaissance plane flight indicated that the depression had degenerated into a low pressure area. The remnants of the depression produced gusty winds and light to moderate rainfall along the Gulf Coast of Mexico; some areas in the state of Tamaulipas reported precipitation amounts as high as .
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A low-pressure system developed after detaching from a cold front while between Florida and Bermuda. The low pressure area slowly formed a circulation and began to deepen on October 14 as it drifted north-northeastward. By October 15, the system developed into a subtropical depression while centered about midway between Florida and Bermuda. Later that day, satellite classifications using the Hebert-Poteat technique indicated that the subtropical depression had strengthened into a subtropical storm, and it was upgraded at 0000 UTC on October 16.
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Massachusetts is often hit with storms called "'nor'easters" during the winter months of the year. The storm is so named because the winds in a nor'easter come from the northeast, especially in the coastal areas of the Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. More specifically, it describes a low pressure area whose center of rotation is just off the East Coast and whose leading winds in the left forward quadrant rotate onto land from the northeast. The precipitation pattern is similar to other extratropical storms.
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A non-tropical low-pressure area developed about south-southwest of Bermuda on April 18 through the interaction of an upper-level trough and a surface frontal trough. It tracked northwestward at first, then turned to the southeast. After developing centralized convection, the system developed into Subtropical Storm Ana on April 20 to the west of Bermuda. It tracked east-southeastward and organized, and on April 21 it transitioned into a tropical cyclone with peak winds of , after developing an upper-level warm core.
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A strong tropical wave accompanied with a low pressure system moved off the coast of Africa on August 19. It moved quickly westward, failing to organize significantly, and developed a surface low- pressure area on August 29 in the Gulf of Mexico. Convection continued to organize, and the tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Eleven on August 30 while located east-southeast of Corpus Christi, Texas. The depression quickly intensified to become Tropical Storm Grace, though further intensification was limited due to a nearby upper-level low.
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A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 24. Interaction with a mid- to upper-level low pressure forced the wave to split, with the southern portion spawning Tropical Storm Octave in the eastern Pacific Ocean on October 12. As evidenced by scatterometer wind data, the northern portion moved north-northwestward and transitioned into a low- pressure area early on September 28. After convection gradually became better organized, a tropical depression developed early on September 29, about east- northeast of the Leeward Islands.
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A tropical wave and an accompanying low pressure area emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 28\. Minimal organization occurred until October 2, when deep convection developed and began organizing. At 0600 UTC on October 3, the system became Tropical Depression Fifteen, while located about 1,035 miles (1,665 km) west of Cape Verde. A mid-level ridge near Cape Verde and a mid to upper-level low pressure northeast of the Leeward Islands forced the depression to move north- northwestward at roughly .
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Satellite imagery capturing the storm at its peak intensity at 26 January 1982. The unusual Mediterranean tropical storm of January 1982, dubbed Leucosia, was first detected in waters north of Libya. The storm likely reached the Atlas mountain range as a low-pressure area by 23 January 1982, reinforced by an elongated, slowly-drifting trough above the Iberian Peninsula. Eventually, a closed circulation center developed by 1310 UTC, over parts of the Mediterranean with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of approximately and air temperature of .
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A low-pressure area associated with a cold front developed into a tropical depression on July 5, while located east of Florida. Tracking north-northeastward, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Cindy by the next day. Cindy turned westward because of a high-pressure area positioned to its north, and further intensified into a hurricane offshore the Carolinas on July 8\. Cindy made landfall near McClellanville, South Carolina early on July 9, and re-curved to the northeast along the Fall Line as a tropical depression.
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Marked with an extended low pressure area, conditions were expected to gradually become more favorable for development. On October 20, following modest organization, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) assessed a high potential for it to become a tropical cyclone within 48 hours, tagging it "Invest 99L". By the next day, the convection had decreased, although barometric pressures in the area remained low, a trademark of development. Convection gradually increased as the day went on, while the system slowed and became nearly stationary over the western Caribbean.
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The origin of Lowell began from a tropical wave that moved off Africa. The northern portion of the wave would form into Hurricane Hanna in the Atlantic. The southern portion of the wave separated and continued to move westward across the Caribbean and crossed Central America during August 27 and August 28. Later a trough with a weak low pressure area developed over southern Mexico, The area of low pressure was found embedded within a large area of scattered moderate and isolated strong convection.
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On November 23, the intertropical convergence zone spawned a low pressure area in the far northeastern portion of the basin, which the JTWC assessed as having formed in the western Australian basin. Located north of a large ridge, the system tracked southwestward initially before turning more to the west. Late on November 25, MFR began classifying the system as a tropical disturbance, and within 12 hours the agency upgraded it to Moderate Tropical Storm Bettina. On November 26, the storm turned to the southwest.
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Tropical Storm Zeta originated from an upper-level trough that interacted with a weakening frontal system in late-December 2005. By December 28, the trough had developed into a low pressure area roughly 750 mi (1,210 km) west- northwest of the Cape Verde Islands. The following day, a low-level circulation developed and convective activity began to increase around the low. By December 30, sufficient shower and thunderstorm activity had developed for the National Hurricane Center (NHC) to classify it as a tropical cyclone.
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U.S. tropical cyclone rainfall maxima per state State maxima relating to tropical cyclones and their remnants are shown on the left, color-coded by amount. Tropical cyclones from the Atlantic basin have the most sway along the Gulf coast and Eastern Seaboard. The impact of tropical cyclones and their remnants originally from the eastern Pacific stretches as far east as Michigan and Indiana. Rainfall related to the low pressure area once associated with a tropical cyclone, or its remnants aloft, are included in this sample.
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A tropical depression developed from a weak low pressure area along a decaying stationary front about east of Bermuda around 1200 UTC on September 23\. Based on ship observations, the system is estimated to have become a tropical storm early on September 24. The drifted slowly eastward for a few days and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) later that day. Eventually, the system curved east-southeastward, but later continued its generally eastward motion at a faster forward speed.
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A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression about southwest of the Florida Keys at 12:00 UTC on October 15. The depression moved rapidly north-northeastward and made landfall near Cape Coral, Florida, several hours later. Shortly after emerging into the Atlantic near Cape Canaveral early on October 16, the cyclone intensified into a tropical storm. Around 12:00 UTC on October 17, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of , both were observations by a ship.
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An upper- level cyclone in the northern Gulf of Mexico started tropical cyclogenesis offshore the southeast United States. Convection organized around a low pressure area east of Florida, and it was declared Tropical Depression Nine on September 7. Initially poorly organized, the depression moved generally northward without strengthening, and quickly made landfall along the coast of South Carolina. It maintained its identity as it tracked through North Carolina and the Mid-Atlantic States, and on September 10 the depression merged with a frontal wave over New England.
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Similar to the previous storm, an area of convection formed in the Arabian Sea about 185 km (115 mi) west- southwest of Mumbai on October 7\. It was associated with a circulation that moved westward from the Indian Coast, which formed as a well-defined low pressure area over western India. The convection organized and increased, aided by low wind shear and good outflow. Late on October 8, the IMD classified the system as a depression, and early the next day upgraded it to a deep depression.
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A low pressure area formed south of the Azores on 21 November, and by the next day, was named Xaver by the Free University of Berlin. On 23 November, the storm passed north-east of the United Kingdom and to the south of the Faroe Islands with a strong central pressure of 980 millibars. Xaver rapidly strengthened during the early hours of 24 November, and had also developed an eye. During the late hours of 25 November, Xaver began weakening as it approached the coast of Norway.
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Around May 6, the monsoon trough extended across the southern Bay of Bengal, producing a vast field of thunderstorm activity. A broad low-pressure area formed by the next day and remained nearly stationary. Over the next few days, the convection varied in intensity until becoming more organized around the nascent surface low on May 10. At 03:00 UTC on May 10, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported the formation of a depression about 535 km (330 mi) west of Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
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These "snow shields", mounted beneath the couplers, were designed to prevent the formation of a low pressure area between the vehicles, which had induced significant drag in the earlier testing. On the power cars, sheet metal shields were added over the trucks, and the front airdam was extended downwards by 10 cm (4 in) to compensate for the larger wheels. Finally, a removable spoiler was installed on the nose of trailing unit 24050. The aerodynamic improvements were supposed to yield a 10% reduction in drag.
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At 00:00 UTC on September 7, a low pressure area developed into a tropical depression about 135 mi (215 km) south-southwest of Cape St. George Island, Florida. The depression moved northward and intensified, reaching tropical storm status about 18 hours later, and being assigned the name "Fox" by the United States Air Force. Around that time, the cyclone curved north-northwestward. Early on September 8, Fox peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), which was observed by a ship.
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A broad low pressure area formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on September 2 and quickly developed through the next day. By September 3 convection was organized enough to declare the system a tropical depression about west-southwest of Morgan City, Louisiana. Forecasters issued tropical storm warnings for the coast from Cameron, Louisiana, to Apalachicola, Florida, while the storm moved rapidly northeastward at 15 to . However, the depression degenerated a few hours later when it merged with the cold front that had caused its acceleration.
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The 1926 Havana hurricane devastated large areas of Cuba and Bermuda in October 1926\. The tenth tropical cyclone, eighth hurricane, and sixth major hurricane of the annual hurricane season, the storm formed from a low-pressure area in the southern Caribbean Sea on October 14\. Moving slowly to the north, it steadily intensified, attaining hurricane intensity on October 18 near the Swan Islands. After passing the islands, the hurricane began to rapidly intensify as it accelerated to the north, attaining major hurricane intensity the following day.
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Shortly after 06:00 UTC on August 29, the depression made landfall in Tamaulipas about 45 mi (70 km) north of Tampico. About six hours later, the cyclone degenerated into a weak surface low pressure area just south of the Rio Grande. The low entered Texas on August 30 and moved northeastward and then east-northeastward due to an upper-level trough. While crossing the far eastern side of the state, the remnant low resumed its northeastward motion before entering Louisiana and dissipating on September 1.
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Tropical Storm Ivan after formation in the eastern Atlantic On August 31, a large tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa. A tropical system along the wave axis contained a low pressure area as well as an impressive outflow pattern, though initially its convection was disorganized and limited. By September 1 a cyclonic circulation with a diameter of 690 miles (1115 km) was evident on satellite imagery, well to the southeast of the Cape Verde Islands. Several hurricane forecast models anticipated development and strengthening.
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Historical weather maps and ship data indicate that a low-pressure area developed into a tropical depression about south of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, at 00:00 UTC on May 15. The depression moved north-northwestward and made landfall in Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic, about 12 hours later. After emerging into the Atlantic Ocean near the Turks and Caicos Islands, the cyclone intensified and became a tropical storm around 12:00 UTC on May 16\. The storm then began to curve northeastward and accelerate.
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A low pressure area developed over the Bay of Campeche between October 23 and October 24, with a tropical storm forming on the latter date. At least four other ships in that portion of the Gulf of Mexico sustained appreciable structural damage. One ship capsized in the storm with all hands lost except one seaman, who was picked up on November 2 by a passing vessel. The survivor said he was stranded on the wreck for five days, indicating that his ship went down on October 28\.
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A tropical wave behind Guillermo spawned a well-defined low-pressure area well to the west of Mexico, which became Tropical Depression Ten-E on August 5\. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Hilda the next day. Amid moderate northeasterly wind shear and warm waters, Hilda gradually strengthened into a hurricane on August 7 while moving steadily westwards. Rapid intensification ensued thereafter as the shear diminished and a small inner core developed, and Hilda became a major hurricane just before entering the Central Pacific.
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After spending several hours over cold waters, most of the convection associated with Hondo dissipated due to the lack of energy and the storm was further downgraded to a moderate tropical storm. Later that day, no convection remained around the storm as it weakened to a tropical depression. The JTWC issued their final advisory on February 12 as the storm showed no signs of convective activity. Hondo degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area as Météo-France issued their final advisory at 1200 UTC.
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The season's next cyclone developed from over the northwestern Caribbean Sea from a broad low pressure area near the Bay Islands Department of Honduras on October 16. Moving east-northeastward, the system strengthened into a tropical storm several hours later. Early on October 17, the system peaked with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), based on a ship observation of a minimum barometric pressure of . Curving northeastward, it made landfall near Santa Cruz del Sur, Camagüey Province, late on October 18 at the same intensity.
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Early in October, a low pressure system began to organize to the west of the Mexican coast, and on October 9 it developed into Tropical Depression Fifteen-E. It strengthened into a tropical storm the next day, but strong wind shear and low sea-surface temperatures hindered development. Norman slowly began to weaken, and on October 11 it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. Turning eastward, the system combined with a new tropical disturbance off the southwest Mexican coast, and slowly began to reorganize.
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The first storm of the year had its genesis from a tropical wave that crossed Central America and entered the East Pacific on May 21. The system interacted with a trough near the Gulf of Tehuantepec, causing thunderstorms to increase. A large low pressure area formed on May 25 south of Mexico, which organized slowly due to wind shear in the region. Early on May 27, the NHC designated the system as Tropical Depression One-E about 190 mi (305 km) south of Acapulco.
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The nature of airflows directly at a frontal boundary can also create conditions in which lower winds contradict the motions of upper clouds, and the passage of a frontal boundary is often marked by precipitation. Most often, however, this situation occurs in the lee of a low pressure area, to the north of the frontal zones and convergence region, and does not indicate a change in weather, but rather, that the weather, fair or showery, will remain so for a period of hours at least.
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A tropical depression formed along the Gulf of Thailand on October 4. The tropical depression degenerated into a remnant low on October 6, as it crossed the 100th meridian on October 7. Under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation, it regenerated into a low pressure area over the Andaman Sea and adjoining Tanintharyi region. It slowly organized itself and consolidated into a depression on October 8, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) the same day.
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In early November, a low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. It slowly moved westwards and consolidated into Depression ARB 01 on November 8. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert the same day, reporting that the depression was moving into an area favorable for further intensification. The next morning, the IMD upgraded the storm to a deep depression; the JTWC similarly upgraded the system to a tropical storm following reports of 65 km/h (40 mph) winds near the storm's center of circulation.
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The next day, while passing between the Mexican islands of Clarion and Socorro, the hurricane reached its peak intensity with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 977 mbar (hPa; 28.85 inHg). Fausto steadily weakened throughout the following two days as it moved over progressively cooler waters. By July 21, the storm was downgraded to a tropical storm and a tropical depression the next day. Early on July 23, the depression lacked deep convection and degenerated into a remnant low pressure area.
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In winter, the land cools off quickly, but the ocean keeps the heat longer due to its higher specific heat. The hot air over the ocean rises, creating a low-pressure area and a breeze from land to ocean while a large area of drying high pressure is formed over the land, increased by wintertime cooling. Monsoons resemble sea and land breezes, terms usually referring to the localized, diurnal (daily) cycle of circulation near coastlines everywhere, but they are much larger in scale - also stronger and seasonal.
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Burnham was seriously affected by the Bristol Channel floods of 1607, and various flood defences have been installed since then. In 1911, a concrete sea wall was built, and after World War II further additions to the defences were made using the remains of a Mulberry harbour. On 13 December 1981, a large storm hit the North Somerset coast. Meteorological conditions resulted in a very intense secondary low-pressure area moving rapidly at into the Bristol Channel, with pressure dropping from between 00:00 and 18:00.
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During mid-October 2005, a large monsoon-like system developed in the Caribbean Sea. A broad low pressure area formed on October 13 to the southeast of Jamaica, which slowly became more defined. On October 15, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) classified the system as Tropical Depression Twenty-Four while located about east-southeast of Grand Cayman. The depression drifted southwestward through a favorable environment, including warm sea surface temperatures. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm on October 17, whereupon the NHC named it Wilma.
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On August 1, a low-pressure area was first detected in the vicinity of Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua. However, data at the time was not conclusively indicative of a tropical cyclone. The tropical low was later analyzed to have sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical depression by 0000 UTC on August 3, as it moved westward in the Gulf of Honduras. Six hours later, the depression was estimated to have intensified into a tropical storm based on barometric readings from Tela, Honduras, and Belize City.
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In late September, a tropical wave persisted in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. The low-pressure area later became sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical storm at 0000 UTC on September 22. The disturbance quickly organized after tropical cyclogenesis, and reached a strength equivalent to a modern-day Category 1 hurricane strength at 1800 UTC later that day. The American steamship Otho encountered the system that day, and reported gale-force winds in conjunction with a peripheral barometric pressure of 996 mbar (hPa; 29.42 inHg).
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Hudhud underwent rapid deepening in the following days, intensified into a Very severe cyclonic storm and developed a well-defined eye feature. Shortly before landfall near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh on October 12, Hudhud reached its peak strength with three-minute wind speeds of and a minimum central pressure of . The system drifted northwards over land and was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area over east Uttar Pradesh on October 14. Hudhud brought extensive damage to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.
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Several hours later, the system became disorganized due to increased wind shear. By the afternoon of August 13, the system had weakened to a tropical depression and shortly thereafter, degenerated into a non-convective remnant low-pressure area as it failed to maintain convection around the center for 24 hours. At this time, the NHC issued their final advisory on the system but noted that there was the possibility of regeneration. alt=A disorganized mass of thunderstorms over Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.
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While Colina was intensifying northeast of Réunion, the monsoon spawned an area of convection in conjunction with a low pressure area in the Mozambique Channel. On January 16, the system developed into a tropical disturbance, although initially the circulation was poorly-defined. It moved toward the coast of Mozambique before turning southeastward and organizing more. The system intensified into Tropical Storm Dessilia on January 19, reaching peak 10 minute winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) at 12:00 UTC on the next day.
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A few days after Colina formed, the ITCZ spawned another area of convection on January 16 in the northeast portion of the basin. The next day, a low pressure area formed between the Chagos Archipelago and Diego Garcia, and on January 19 the system developed into a tropical disturbance after convection increased. Following further organization, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Edwina on January 20 while moving generally westward. Increasing wind shear prevented significant strengthening initially, but Edwina was able to intensify more on January 21.
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The bora on Molo Audace in Trieste, February 2011 The changeable bora can often be felt all over Adriatic Croatia, Montenegrin Littoral, the Slovenian Littoral, Trieste, and the rest of the Adriatic east coast. It blows in gusts. The bora is most common during the winter. It blows hardest when a polar high-pressure area sits over the snow-covered mountains of the interior plateau behind the Dinaric coastal mountain range and a calm low-pressure area lies further south over the warmer Adriatic.
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A tropical depression first formed on October 7 from a broad low-pressure area in the central Caribbean Sea northeast of Honduras. Moving slowly to the west- northwest, the depression steadily intensified, reaching tropical storm strength at 1200 UTC the same day. The storm continued to intensify as it moved towards the Yucatán Peninsula, reaching peak intensity late on October 9, with maximum sustained wind speeds of . The storm made landfall near Playa del Carmen at 0400 UTC the next day, while still at peak intensity.
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At the end of September 1946, the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Eastern Pacific moved north of its typical position. An associated weather disturbance moved over Central America and interacted with a surface low-pressure area over Guatemala. Meanwhile, a broad high- pressure area moved over the United States behind an intense storm that moved eastward into the Atlantic Ocean. Connected to the cyclone was a shear line stretching from Bermuda to the Caribbean Sea, which spawned an upper-level low over open waters.
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The 1948 Miami hurricane (Air Weather Service designation: Fox) caused no fatalities in Florida, despite moving across the Miami area as a hurricane. The ninth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1948 season, the storm developed from a large low pressure area over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on October 3\. The storm intensified into a tropical storm early the next day and a hurricane several hours later. Fox then significantly deepened, peaking with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) early on October 5\.
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Widespread rainfall occurred throughout Central America in early October 2008 due to the passage of a tropical wave through the region. Later, another tropical wave approached the region, which was believed to have left the west coast of Africa on September 17\. The wave developed a low pressure area on October 10 in the southwestern Caribbean, with sporadic convection. On October 13, the system consisted of a large area of convection drifting northward offshore eastern Central America, and Dvorak classifications began, indicating gradual organization.
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A tropical depression formed at the South China Sea near Taiwan. Despite entering an area of high wind shear, the system was in a favorable environment, so the JTWC and the PAGASA followed suit, with the JTWC naming it 24W, and the PAGASA named it Luis. 24W then made landfall over Fujian, China shortly after 08:00 CST (00:00 UTC) on August 25, and degenerated into a low-pressure area on next day. The JMA would continue monitoring the system until the next day.
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A low-pressure area developed into a tropical depression northeast of Palau on December 29, 2017. The system moved generally westward and on the first day of 2018, the PAGASA began issuing advisories on the system and locally named it Agaton. Both the JMA and the JTWC followed suit, with the latter designating the system as 01W. By January 3, the system had intensified into a tropical storm according to the JMA and was named Bolaven, thus becoming the first named storm of the season.
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The system arrived at the Andaman Sea by crossing the Malay Peninsula before noon, but then deep convection over the low-level circulation centre dissipated rapidly. On November 9, the system slowed down, as well as easterly vertical wind shear had become stronger over the system located southwest of Yangon, Burma, making it remain partially exposed and disorganised. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) started to mention the system as a low-pressure area on the same day, right before it emerged into the Bay of Bengal.
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Under the influence of a trough, a low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on 14 May. It slowly consolidated, prompting the IMD to classify it as a depression on 17 May. By the late hours of 17 May, a tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA) was issued, following which, the JTWC upgraded the system to tropical storm intensity. The next day, the IMD upgraded the storm to a deep depression, prompting the issuance of cyclone warnings for the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
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Later that day the JTWC reported that Crising's low-level circulation center has weakened and was now poorly organized as it underwent a Fujiwhara effect with what was to become Typhoon Kujira (Dante). PAGASA kept issuing advisories on Crising until it weakened into a low-pressure area early on May 1. Heavy rains produced by the outer bands of Crising caused flooding in western areas of the Philippines, affecting an estimated 2,500 people. The worst flooding occurred in Lucena City where ten villages were isolated.
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A low pressure area of non-tropical origins developed into Subtropical Storm Sean at 06:00 UTC on November 8 about southwest of Bermuda. While convection and the wind field had become more symmetric, the system remained a subtropical cyclone due to the associated upper-level low. Within 12 hours, Sean separated from the low and transitioned into a tropical cyclone, after developing a warm core. It developed outflow and intensified due to light wind shear, combined with sufficiently warm water temperatures of at least .
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Shaped like a section of a large aerofoil (this creates a low pressure area above the wing much like an aircraft), the craft was propelled by four aero engines driving two submerged marine propellers, with a fifth engine that blew air under the front of the craft to increase the air pressure under it. Only when in motion could the craft trap air under the front, increasing lift. The vessel also required a depth of water to operate and could not transition to land or other surfaces.
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The remnants of Vardah crossed the Indian Subcontinent and entered the Arabian Sea on December 14. Owing to warm sea surface temperatures, the system regenerated into a depression on December 17, with the IMD assigning the storm a new identifier, ARB 02. On the next day, the system entered an area marked by colder sea surface temperatures and high wind shear, causing it to rapidly weaken into a well-marked low-pressure area, just off the coast of Somalia, before moving ashore and dissipating on December 19.
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By November 30, the last day of the Atlantic hurricane season, a stationary front extended across eastern Cuba into the southwestern Caribbean Sea. On December 1, a low pressure area developed within the frontal zone just north of Panama, and an anticyclone aloft produced good outflow over the low-level center. The low remained nearly stationary for the next several days, and it gradually became separated from the stationary front. Convection increased across the area due to moisture from the eastern Pacific Ocean and moderate divergence.
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Since the flow is unidirectional, the u component of the wind can be set equal to zero, which establishes a symmetrical flow perpendicular to the temperature gradient in the air mass. This type of flow is typically found in baroclinic atmospheres with cold air to the west. The image to the right shows such a situation in winter with CSI associated with negative equivalent potential vorticity (\eta \le 0 ) near a warm front. Banded snow forms along the front, near the low pressure area and the CSI.
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Maintaining intensity, the storm made its first landfall over Socotra and headed west, skirting the northern tip of Somalia. Megh took a west-northwestward turn, and made its second landfall over the coast of Yemen on November 10 and weakened into a well-marked low pressure area over mainland Yemen. Megh's landfall over the island of Socotra as a Category 3-equivalent storm caused extensive devastation, killing at least eighteen people and injuring dozens of others. Another six people were left missing on the island.
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The low attained its lowest pressure at 1800 UTC on December 20 over northern Illinois. However, the system became occluded, and as such moved quickly to the northeast, where it weakened and subsequently dissipated over southern Ontario late on December 21\. Another low pressure area formed in the vicinity of the previous low over the East Coast of the United States, which quickly moved north across the coast, bringing heavy snowfalls to the region. The low later exited the continental United States on December 22.
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The IMD downgraded the storm to a remnant low pressure area later that day, although the JTWC tracked the storm across southern India into the Arabian Sea; the agency stopped following Fanoos on December 12. The threat of the storm necessitated fishermen to remain at port, while 25,000 people evacuated to shelters. The final landfalling storm of the season, Fanoos brought heavy rainfall to Tamil Nadu, with a daily peak of in Ramanathapuram. The rains heavily damaged crops across Tamil Nadu, although damage was less than expected.
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The depression dropped widespread rainfall, peaking at in Chandabali. The rains swelled rivers and flooded fields, affecting many roadways. One person died after a wall collapsed. On September 10, a low pressure area formed in the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Moving to the northwest, it organized into a depression on September 12, and soon after made landfall near Paradip, Odisha with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph). It continued through northeastern India, weakening into a remnant low over Uttar Pradesh on September 17\.
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Tropical Depression Ten formed from the complex interaction between an upper-level low, a tropical wave that produced Tropical Storm Ingrid, and the tail end of a cold front. By September 17, the system produced widespread thunderstorm activity over The Bahamas and western Atlantic Ocean. The upper-level low over the Florida Panhandle increased convection across the area, and on September 18 the system began crossing Florida. Initially very disorganized, surface pressures gradually decreased across the region, with a weak low-pressure area developing on September 19.
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On September 23, a low-pressure area formed in the Southern Alaska panhandle. This low tracked southeastward for just over a day before turning and accelerating eastward, moving through British Columbia and crossing the international border into Montana, where another low was forming. These lows moved in tandem and deepened rapidly as the moved into Minnesota on the September 26\. The northern low then rapidly weakened and dissipated as the southern one occluded and became dominant as it moved into Northwestern Wisconsin that afternoon.
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Forming east of Odessa and Pat, the initial disturbance developed near a location with an upper-level low interacted with the monsoon trough. The low pressure area formed on August 25 to the south-southeast of Okinawa, moving around the southern periphery of Odessa and Pat. Thunderstorm activity concentrated near its low level center, and the system rapidly moved through the tropical depression stage into the tropical storm stage on August 26, developing an elliptical eye. Vertical wind shear from Odessa kept Ruby from becoming a typhoon.
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Tropical Storm Irving, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Edeng, was an early-season tropical cyclone that struck southern Japan during August 1992\. A distinct but weak low-pressure area developed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough. A tropical depression formed on July 31, and following an increase in both organization and thunderstorm activity, the depression attained tropical storm intensity on the morning of August 2\. After tracking west-northwest and then north, Irving turned to the northeast, and attained peak intensity a day later.
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The 2005 Azores subtropical storm was the 19th nameable storm and only subtropical storm of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It was not officially named by the US National Hurricane Center as it was operationally classified as a non-tropical low. The storm developed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean out of a low-pressure area that gained subtropical characteristics on October 4\. The storm was short-lived, crossing over the Azores later on October 4 before becoming extratropical again on October 5\.
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The Intertropical Convergence Zone produced an area of convection in the southeastern Arabian Sea toward the end of October 2011. The overall system moved west-northwestward, developing a distinct low pressure area on October 27. By that time, the thunderstorm activity was still disorganized and associated with a weak circulation. Environmental conditions were unfavorable initially, consisting of strong wind shear and dry air. An anticyclone over the system caused the shear to decrease by October 28, amid warm water temperatures of , both more favorable conditions.
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This was achieved by moving the base of the windshield and rear glass outwards and by the redesigning of the front seats. At , cargo space has been reduced by over the previous model. The SE/Sportivo provides due to the placement of bracing behind the rear seat, with the hybrid version falling to due to the placement of the battery pack. The XV40's underbody is stepped, creating a venturi effect and hence a low- pressure area under the front end to increase downforce.
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The long-tracked storm originated from the monsoon trough, which spawned an area of convection, or thunderstorms, in the southern Bay of Bengal on October 14\. It moved to the west-northwest and later to the west without much development. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the system as a well-marked low pressure area before the system moved over the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on October 17\. The system slowly crossed southern India, emerging into the Arabian Sea on October 21\.
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By September 4, Howard was downgraded to a tropical storm. The next day, it degenerated into a non- convective remnant low pressure area which persisted for another five days before dissipating over open waters. Although the storm never made landfall, the fringe effects of the storm produced significant flooding across the Baja California Peninsula which damaged agricultural land and dozens of homes. Howard also produced large swells which reached 18 ft (5.4 m) along the Baja coastline and 10 ft (3 m) along the California coastline.
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On the evening of September 21, at almost the same time when Nesat was first seen, another low-pressure area persisted far south of Hong Kong. The low slowly drifted north and strengthened slowly until September 24, when the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression east of Vietnam. Later that day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert stating that the low could develop into a tropical cyclone. Only a few hours later, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system, designating it with 21W.
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However, it weakened to a Category 3 hurricane before making landfall in Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana, between Sabine Pass, Texas and Holly Beach, Louisiana, with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). Rapidly weakening over land, Rita degenerated into a large low- pressure area over the lower Mississippi Valley by September 26th. In Louisiana, Rita's storm surge inundated low-lying communities along the entire coast, worsening effects caused by Hurricane Katrina less than a month prior, such as topping the hurriedly-repaired Katrina-damaged levees at New Orleans.
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Under the influence of a persistent area of convection, a low-pressure area formed over the southeast Bay of Bengal on May 26. It rapidly strengthened on May 28, with the IMD classifying it as a Depression and subsequently upgrading it to a Deep Depression on the same day, designating it as BOB 02. In the early hours of May 29, the IMD reported the storm to have reached Cyclonic storm intensity, naming it Mora. The storm followed a north-northeasterly track parallel to Myanmar coast.
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On January 11, the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance that would eventually develop into Yanyan near the International Date Line. As the system tracked westward, it gradually moved into a more favorable environment for tropical cyclogenesis. On January 14, surface observations indicated that the low-pressure area had developed a closed, low-level circulation center indicative of a tropical cyclone, satellite imagery remained inconclusive. Nonetheless, the JMA classified the pressure area as a tropical depression west of the Marshall Islands at 0600 UTC on January 15.
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Early on August 22, reported that Depression BOB 04 had formed about 160 km (100 mi), to the southeast of Balasore, India. As the depression moved towards northwest, it failed to intensify any further. The depression made landfall in the Indian state of Orissa later that day and maintained its identity until it weakened into a low pressure area early on August 26. The depression's windspeeds were estimated to have peaked at 45 km/h (30 mph), whilst the lowest pressure recorded was 992 hPa.
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In late January into early February, the ITCZ produced areas of convection around the northern tip of Madagascar. One such convective system spawned a low pressure area between Tromelin island and Agaléga, which initially was still located within the ITCZ. On February 5, the system developed into a tropical depression, and failed to intensify further while executing a clockwise loop off northeastern Madagascar. After the convection increased, the depression intensified into a tropical storm on February 8 and was named Josie by the Meteorological Services of Madagascar.
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Later, The National Building Research Organisation (NBRO) issued landslide warning in the districts of Badulla, Monaragala, Kandy, Ratnapura, Kurunegala, Nuwara Eliya, Kegalle and Matale. President Maithripala Sirisena instructed the local authorities to provide relief to those affected by the system. The Minister Of Disaster Management, Defense Secretary, Tri Forces' Commanders and the Inspector General Of Police were instructed to undertake the operation. Sri Lankan Disaster Management Centre (DMC) issued a flood alert on 16 May as the low pressure area brought heavy rains to the country.
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On July 28, a low pressure area formed into a tropical depression over the Marianas Islands. It tracked to the northwest, and quickly intensified into a typhoon a few hours after developing while located about 250 miles (400 km) south of the Ogasawara Islands. After changing its motion to the west, the typhoon turned sharply northward on July 31, followed by a turn to the east-northeast. The storm passed through the Ogasawara Islands on August 2, and halted its forward motion before turning to the northwest.
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Reports from the country indicate it was potentially a typhoon, though meteorologists decided it was not due to relatively high pressures and lack of significant convection to the southwest of the center. A tropical depression formed on November 6 about 500 miles (800 km) east of Mindanao. It initially moved to the west-northwest, and gradually recurved to the northeast. After accelerating east-northeastward, the depression was last observed on November 13 as a remnant low pressure area over the open western Pacific Ocean.
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At 00:00 UTC on December 28, the JTWC reported that the system's 1-minute sustained winds to 55 km/h (35 mph). A cold cold cover began obscuring the system's elongated center, thereafter. On December 29, the system's central cold cover began to dissipate, and the JTWC had stated that the system began weakening and deteriorating. Tropical Depression Usman made landfall in Borongan, Eastern Samar on 06:00 UTC of the same day, as the PAGASA downgraded the system to a low-pressure area.
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A typical North Atlantic low-pressure area moving across the British Isles The sunniest times are the months of May and June, whereas December has the least sunshine. The clearest skies in the British Isles occur over the south of England, due to the winds from the continent. Equally, mountainous areas, especially in the North-west receive barely any sunshine, sometimes less than 1000 hours a year. In winter on north-south valleys there are sometimes only a few hours of sunshine in a day.
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The same frontal system that developed the previous system spawned another low-pressure area east of North Carolina. On July 18, it developed into a tropical depression, and with associated deep convection, the storm organized sufficiently to be upgraded to Tropical Storm Beryl on July 19. It tracked northeast and passed over Nantucket before dissipating southwest of Nova Scotia on July 21. Waves along the southern coast of Nantucket reached in height as the storm approached the island, resulting in four people being rescued by lifeguards from rip currents.
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An area of convection crossed the Isthmus of Kra on 23 October and entered the Bay of Bengal from the Pacific Ocean. It slowly organized itself and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a TCFA at 0330 UTC of 28 October. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) later upgraded the low pressure area to a Depression on the same day, when the storm was located about east-northeast of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Early on 29th Cctober, BOB 02 was upgraded to a Deep Depression and was put under constant surveillance by the IMD.
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Located just north of a subtropical ridge, BOB 03's inflow was affected by dry air that wrapped the center of the storm. The following day, IMD reported the storm had weakened into a depression and was predicted to weaken further. At the same time, JTWC stopped tracking BOB 03, stating that the storm's wind speeds had diminished to below warning criteria. By 1800 UTC of 19 November 2012, IMD reported the storm had weakened into a well marked low pressure area and issued their last bulletin for the system.
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On November 15, a low pressure area was located about 795 km (495 mi) east-southeast of Diego Garcia, accompanied by persistent convection. It was centered east of a ridge and was within an area of moderate vertical wind shear. Over the next several days, the system moved slowly eastward with little development. On November 19, convection developed around the circulation after being nearly stationary for a few days. At 0600 UTC, MFR designated the system as Tropical Disturbance 03, about 695 km (430 mi) east-southeast of Diego Garcia.
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A large upper-level low separated from a trough north of Puerto Rico in early July. Convection increased on July 7 after a surface trough developed, and a low pressure area formed east of the Bahamas once the upper-level low retreated to the southwest. Wind shear decreased across the region, allowing the convection to increase and organize, and it is estimated the system developed into a tropical depression on July 11 about 330 miles (530 km) southwest of Bermuda. After developing, the cyclone moved northeastward in advance of an approaching cold front.
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The cyclone at peak intensity on September 14 On September 13, a rare low-pressure area moved into Lake Huron where it gained subtropical characteristics. It reached its peak intensity of 73 mph and a central pressure of 993 mbar (29.32 inHg), before making landfall in Canada and dissipating soon afterward. The cyclone was dubbed "Hurricane Huron", as it maintained subtropical characteristics while situated over Lake Huron. The Lake Huron cyclone caused heavy rainfall and flooding across Michigan and Eastern Canada, as well as parts of Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and the Northeast Coast.
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Shortly thereafter, due to remaining in almost the same area for hours, Aere began to weaken to a tropical storm, and on October 10, it weakened to a tropical depression, before weakening to a low-pressure area late on October 11. On October 13, Aere re-generated into a tropical depression and it made landfall in Huế, Vietnam late that day. The system moved towards Laos and Thailand before it fully dissipated on October 14. Aere affected parts of Southeast Asia in October 2016, but its impact was most severe in Vietnam.
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The National Weather Service's analysis indicated a low pressure area whose center located in west central Indiana at 1800 local time. The temperatures in the area where Flight 4184 was, were reported near 3 degrees Celsius with moisture evident. Temperatures were near minus 4 degrees Celsius with moisture evident in northern Indiana. The weather conditions provided by Lowell Airport, which is located about 12 nautical miles northwest of the accident site, indicated broken clouds at 1,400 ft, overcast at 3,000 ft, gusty winds from southwest at 20 knots, with light drizzle falling.
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Hurricane Odile originated from a tropical wave that exited the African Coast on August 28\. Shower activity along the wave axis remained poorly organized until it crossed Central America on September 3. On the next day, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) indicated the possibility for this wave to develop into a low-pressure area south of Mexico and later a tropical cyclone. By September 7, a large area of thunderstorms developed in association with the wave; the broad system slowly progressed westward and gradually organized over the next few days.
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Marginal wind shear disrupted the system's organization, and it passed north of Puerto Rico without further development, with winds dropping below gale-force on August 25. Initially, the system moved quickly westward with a forward speed averaging about , but slowed down considerably after the northern portion of the wave split off on August 26. The low pressure area crossed the southern Bahamas with scattered convection, becoming more defined on August 27 while moving near the northern Cuban coast. Wind shear prevented quicker development, although conditions became more favorable closer to the Gulf of Mexico.
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A small circulation crossed Panama from the Pacific Ocean on May 17, and by the following day it was a developing depression near San Andrés in the western Caribbean. The system gradually organized over warm waters while moving to the northwest, developing a well-defined low pressure area by May 23 as it approached western Cuba. Later that day, the depression crossed the western portion of the island before turning to the northeast. On May 24, the system passed southeast of Florida, dropping heavy rainfall that peaked at in Homestead.
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A tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on August 20 and gradually spread north. On August 24, a nearby ship reported a low pressure area and strong winds, indicating the formation of a small tropical cyclone near the Bahamas. After a Hurricane Hunters flight indicated winds of , the Weather Bureau initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Daisy early on August 25 to the north of the Bahamas. That day it became a hurricane, and initially it moved slowly to the northwest due to a ridge to the northeast.
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On October 1, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a weak tropical wave-induced low-pressure area producing scattered showers and thunderstorms, along with winds just shy of tropical storm intensity, over the central Atlantic. Strong wind shear prevented the disturbance from organizing significantly as it tracked northwestward for the next several days. On October 4, satellite data confirmed the presence of a well-defined circulation center with gale-force winds. Around the same time, thunderstorm activity became better organized and banding features began to evolve over the eastern side of the disturbance.
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Later on May 20, a Navy reconnaissance plane recorded winds of , which proved to be the peak intensity of Alma. It became one of only four Atlantic hurricanes on record in the month of May. Subsequent to its peak intensity, increasing westerly shear disrupted the storm's circulation and thermal pattern, which caused rapid weakening to tropical storm strength and later tropical depression status. By May 22, the low pressure area became poorly defined after stalling south of Cuba; with only a few squalls and showers, advisories were discontinued on Alma.
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Tropical Depression Twelve-E was a short-lived but deadly tropical cyclone that dropped heavy rainfall across large portions of Central America in October 2011. It formed from a tropical disturbance roughly hundred miles south of Mexico, which fluctuated in organization for several days. By October 12, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) deemed the associated low pressure- area well defined enough for it to be considered a tropical depression. After attaining peak wind speeds of 35 mph (55 km/h), the depression moved ashore between Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, and Arriaga, Chiapas.
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Typhoon Saomai emerged from an area of convection that developed well east of Guam in late- August. Though the disturbance was associated with a low-pressure area, the circulation center was too weak to support persistent shower activity. Despite the satellite presentation, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression at 1800 UTC on August 31. Over the next few days, the system organized and curved towards the west from its initial northerly track. At 1200 UTC on September 2, the JMA upgraded the small depression to tropical storm intensity.
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The intertropical convergence zone spawned a low pressure area south of the Chagos archipelago on January 12, and developed a large area of convection the next day. On January 13, MFR began classifying the system as a tropical depression, and following further intensification, the agency upgraded the depression to Moderate Tropical Storm Edmea later that day. With a ridge to the southeast, the storm tracked generally to the southwest. Its initial strengthening rate slowed until Edmea reached peak winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) on January 17\.
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Late on August 2, the JMA downgraded Saola to a tropical storm, before it made landfall over Fuding in Fujian, China at 22:50 UTC (06:50 CST on August 3). On August 3, the JMA downgraded Saola to a tropical depression, after the JTWC issued a final warning on the system. The system continued to weaken into a weak low pressure area over Jiangxi, China on August 4. The weak, remnant low later drifted south west to the Gulf of Tokin, and regenerated slightly on August 7.
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The origins of Hurricane Lorenzo were from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on September 11\. After moving across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, it traversed much of the Caribbean Sea before developing an area of thunderstorms on September 21. The system developed a low pressure area on September 23 after the northern portion of the wave broke off and crossed the Yucatán Peninsula. Initially, a Hurricane Hunters flight was scheduled to investigate the system, although the low became disorganized over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico due to high wind shear.
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The origins of Typhoon Amy can be traced back to a low-pressure area first detected over Kwajalein at 0500 UTC on November 29\. Tracking westward, the Fleet Weather Center in Guam began to monitor vorticity for potential development, assigning the numeric designation 11122 to the tropical system. Late on December 2, a routine weather reconnaissance flight unexpectedly intercepted the disturbance and detected unusually strong westerly winds, a characteristic typically indicative of a tropical cyclone. As such, the flight, named Vulture George, was rerouted to investigate the area.
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Heading towards the south, Joan made landfall near Mundabullangana, Western Australia late on 7 December with winds of and an estimated pressure of 915 hPa (mbar; 27.02 inHg). After making landfall, the cyclone steadily weakened over land as it passed over areas of Western Australia. However, after crossing the Hamersley Range on 8 December, Joan began a phase a rapid weakening, and by the end of the day, its maximum sustained wind was only . The system became merged with a broad low pressure area the next day before dissipating on 10 December.
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In addition to the heavy snow, coastal flooding from storm surge was reported, particularly in Massachusetts. Storm surges have been recorded as high as 3 feet (1 m) in parts of New England.confirmed by National Weather Service Boston, MA Storm Report The low pressure area began forming in the Southern states a few days prior to the Blizzard striking, eventually merging with a northern stream system. A trough on the East Coast brought the system up the coast, and cold high pressure to the north eventually slowed the system to a crawl.
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An upper-level disturbance spawned a low pressure area in the eastern Arabian Sea on September 24. It initially consisted of a well-defined circulation on the eastern edge of an area of convection about 370 km (230 mi) west-southwest of Mumbai. With low wind shear beneath the subtropical ridge, the system gradually organized and developed curved banding features while moving west- northwestward. At 0900 UTC on September 24, the IMD classified the system as a depression, and nine hours later upgraded it further to a deep depression.
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The origins of Olaf were from a tropical wave first noted over Central America on September 22. It moved slowly through the eastern Pacific Ocean, and gradually developed an area of convection. Concurrently, an upper-level low-pressure area moved from the Gulf of Mexico across Mexico into the Pacific, which produced wind shear across the region; wind shear is the difference in wind speed and direction in the atmosphere, and is usually harmful to tropical cyclogenesis. The disturbance associated with the tropical wave persisted and developed outflow.
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A trough extended from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic Ocean in early August. The trough remained nearly stationary, spawning Tropical Storm Bertha in the Gulf of Mexico and a tropical disturbance off the coast of South Carolina. The weak low pressure area off South Carolina drifted southward, with its associated deep convection increasing in organization on August 4. By 1800 UTC on August 5, the system had acquired sufficient organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Three, while located about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.
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The outbreak was caused by a cold front that tracked across the central United States, triggered by a deep low pressure area in the Upper Midwest. The warm humid air mass ahead of the cold front, along with high upper-level wind shear, produced supercells across the region. The outbreak was expected to have started the previous day in the High Plains as the cold front tracked across that region. The supercells didn't really fire up as expected and only one small tornado was reported in Pawnee County, Kansas on April 1.
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A frontal low pressure area developed into Tropical Depression Seven at 12:00 UTC on August 27, while located about east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina. The depression gradually strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gaston early on August 28\. Initially, Gaston tracked slowly, moving southeastward and then westward, before a developing mid- to upper-level ridge re-curved the storm northwestward. Gaston strengthened and briefly became a hurricane at 120:00 UTC on August 29, although operationally it was thought to have peaked as a strong tropical storm.
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A large tropical wave exited Africa on September 6 and initially failed to develop due to strong easterly shear. On September 9, a broad low pressure area developed about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles. The wind shear slowly weakened, and early on September 12 Tropical Depression Eight developed about 1125 miles (1815 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. The system moved west-northwestward due to a ridge to its north, and with continued wind shear, it remained a tropical depression for 24 hours before convection increased further.
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Storm track of Hurricane Bill (2009), showing a classic recurvature off the American coast in 2009 When a tropical cyclone crosses the subtropical ridge axis, normally through a break in the high- pressure area caused by a system traversing the Westerlies, its general track around the high-pressure area is deflected significantly by winds moving towards the general low-pressure area to its north. When the cyclone track becomes strongly poleward with an easterly component, the cyclone has begun recurvature, entering the Westerlies.Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2009). Section 2: Tropical Cyclone Motion Terminology.
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In winter, the land cools off quickly, but the ocean keeps the heat longer due to its higher specific heat. The hot air over the ocean rises, creating a low pressure area and a breeze from land to ocean while a large area of drying high pressure is formed over the land, increased by wintertime cooling. Monsoons are similar to sea and land breezes, a term usually referring to the localized, diurnal (daily) cycle of circulation near coastlines everywhere, but they are much larger in scale, stronger and seasonal.BBC Weather.
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A non-tropical low pressure area developed over the central Atlantic in late July. After merging with a polar trough on July 28, a subtropical depression developed about east-southeast of Bermuda at 18:00 UTC. The subtropical depression moved eastward and strengthened into a subtropical storm early on July 30, based on reports from the ship M.S. Pointe Allegre, which observed a barometric pressure of and wind gusts as high as . The cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) at 12:00 UTC on July 30\.
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In early November, a monsoon trough over the Gulf of Thailand showed signs of tropical cyclogenesis. A small, concentrated area of convection quickly developed over a low-pressure area within the trough, and on November 2, the system became sufficiently organized for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Owing to its small size, the system began strengthening within the narrow gulf by taking advantage of warm waters and good outflow. Moving generally northwestward, it became a tropical depression later that day and underwent rapid intensification.
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A typical path of a Colorado low A Colorado low is a low-pressure area that forms in southeastern Colorado or northeastern New Mexico, typically in the winter. After forming, the system moves across the Great Plains. Colorado lows can produce heavy wintry precipitation, and have a general east to northeast movement, impacting regions as far north as Winnipeg and as far east as the Atlantic coast. If upper level conditions are right, the jet stream can push the low farther south, bringing wintry precipitation as far as Texas.
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An extratropical low pressure area transitioned into a tropical storm offshore North Florida on October 7, after acquiring a more symmetrical structure and the strongest winds moving closer to the center. However, the system had characteristics of a subtropical cyclone, including a moderate temperature gradient still existing at the center and an upper-level trough remaining associated with the storm. The United States Air Force referred to this system as "Item". At 00:30 UTC on October 7, a ship observed winds of and a barometric pressure of .
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In Annandale, Virginia, a woman was killed when a tree fell on top of her vehicle. The death was caused by straight-line winds. An EF0 tornado also struck Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, injuring five people and damaging 14 homes and one business. As that system passed, another unseasonably strong low pressure area tracked across the Great Plains. The Storm Prediction Center anticipated a tornado outbreak beginning June 4 through 6, including possibility of "strong...long- tracked tornadoes". A moderate risk of severe storms was issued for both June 4 and 5th.
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However, when it separated from the ITCZ on July 13, the disturbance increased in convective organization, and was classified as Tropical Depression Six-E about midway between Mexico and Hawaii. It tracked westward at due to steering currents of a tropical easterly flow. Although wind shear was generally light, ocean temperatures were only marginal for tropical cyclone intensification. Forecasters experienced difficulty in locating the exact center of circulation. By July 14, convection had steadily decreased, although the storm's movement was initially uncertain due to its location within a broad low pressure area.
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On September 11, 1996, a weak low-pressure area was situated close to Lake Superior, as well as a shortwave trough over Ontario. Its surface central pressure over Lake Michigan was . The northwest tilt of the low indicated that the surface center was strengthening due to baroclinic forcing. In addition to this, analyses of the atmosphere concluded that the cyclone extended into the upper troposphere. The cyclone's overall strength increased dramatically while meandering over the Great Lakes, with surface winds building from 11 mph (18 km/h) to 67 mph (108 km/h).
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Lehar rapidly weakened to a Depression on 28 November and its fully exposed LLCC made its second landfall over the coast of Andhra Pradesh near Machilipatnam. The same day, it was last noted as a well marked low pressure area over Andhra Pradesh. Extensive preparation was done in the wake of the storm by the authorities of the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, including the evacuation of 45,000 people in low-lying areas. The storm's rapid weakening before landfall led to no reported fatalities and minimal damage.
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Tornado damage in Nappanee, Indiana on October 18, 2007. A complex storm system, involving a deepening low pressure area (979 mb ), a tropical low and a series of fronts, developed across the central United States. The SPC forecast a potential severe weather event, possibly a major outbreak, beginning October 17 across much of central and eastern North America. A moderate risk of severe storms was issued for October 17 across parts of the central U.S. Some activity developed early in the morning of October 17, although no tornadoes were reported.
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The low began to curve towards the northeast, and its barometric pressure began to deepen. The low attained its lowest pressure at 1800 UTC on December 20 over northern Illinois. However, the system became occluded, and as such moved quickly to the northeast, where it weakened and subsequently dissipated over southern Ontario late on December 21. Another low pressure area formed in the vicinity of the previous low over the East Coast of the United States, which quickly moved north across the coast, bringing heavy snowfalls to the region.
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On November 4, an extratropical disturbance was spawned just off the coast of western France, within a cold front, by another extratropical cyclone to the north, named "Quinn." This storm began causing heavy rainfall in northern Italy, leading to flooding in the region. On the next day, a low-pressure area formed over western France, and the system was named Rolf by the Free University of Berlin, which names all significant low pressure systems affecting Europe. As the storm slowly moved eastward, it caused flooding in the Balearic Islands.
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The depression turned southwestward, and intensified into Tropical Storm Henri on September 16. Tropical Storm Henri continued to intensify as it tracked through the Bay of Campeche. On September 17, the storm turned northwestward after the ridge to its north weakened, and later that day Henri reached hurricane status; six hours later, it reached peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) about 150 miles (245 km) northeast of Veracruz. Subsequently, a broad low pressure area developed over the western Gulf of Mexico, causing the motion of Henri to become erratic.
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On May 24, a trough of low pressure developed over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Widespread convection accompanied the system, though its overall structure remained disorganized as it moved northeast across the Gulf. An increase in convection in the system over Florida developed a distinct low pressure area, but the system remained disorganized as it paralleled the East Coast throughout May 26\. However, on May 27 a small, well-defined low with centralized convection developed off the coast of South Carolina and the system was classified as a tropical storm.
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Historical weather maps indicate that a low pressure area was embedded within a west to east oriented stationary front over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on September 24\. The low quickly detached from the stationary front and acquired a closed circulation while tracking across sea surface temperatures of . Early on September 25, a tropical depression formed just west of Bermuda and strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Around 02:00 UTC on September 26, a ship observed a barometric pressure of - the lowest while the storm was tropical.
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However, the return of dry air and upwelling caused the storm to deteriorate into a tropical storm. Paralleling the Mexican coast, Carlos regained hurricane intensity on June 15 and peaked with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a pressure of 978 mbar (hPa; 28.88 inHg) the next day. Wind shear and dry air afterwards caused Carlos to rapidly weaken, falling to tropical storm intensity on June 17 and degenerating into a remnant low- pressure area hours later. Carlos' formation prompted coastal authorities to enact precautionary measures along states deemed at risk.
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Early on July 20, RSMC New Delhi reported that Depression BOB 03 had formed about 120 km (75 miles) to the southeast of Digha. Convection had been gradually organizing itself over the last 12 hours, and was in an area of low to moderate vertical wind shear. The Depression then intensified further and became a Deep Depression that afternoon before making landfall crossed north Orissa-West Bengal coast between Balasore and Digha during 1600 and 1700 UTC later that day. The Deep Depression gradually weakened before becoming a low pressure area early the next day.
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The tropical depression originated from a tropical wave off the southern coast of Mexico in late May 2006\. An area of convection was associated with the wave, and forecasters at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) remarked that environmental conditions favored gradual development. The system, which was enhanced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), drifted northward with an anticyclone to its east and west. On June 1, the convection became more concentrated, and by early the next day it developed a low pressure area; by that time, it began a steady northwestward track.
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Tropical Storm Barry was a strong tropical storm that made landfall on the Florida Panhandle during August 2001\. The third tropical cyclone and second named storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 24\. The wave entered the Caribbean on July 29 and spawned a low-pressure area, which organized into Tropical Storm Barry on August 3\. After fluctuations in intensity and track, the storm attained peak winds of over the Gulf of Mexico.
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The final tropical cyclone of the season developed from a low pressure area early on November 19, while situated about east-northeast of Barbuda. Initially a tropical depression, the cyclone deepened into a tropical storm about 12 hours later while moving north-northwestward. At 12:00 UTC on November 20, a ship observed a barometric pressure of , the lowest known pressure in association with the storm. Using the pressure-wind relationship, it is estimated that the storm reached maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) at that time.
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Northwesterly winds began to increase on October 3, after an upper-level trough that was causing low wind shear moved eastward. A few hours later, the low-level center became partially exposed, before becoming fully separated from the convection by 1500 UTC. Due to strong wind shear and cold sea surface temperatures, showers and thunderstorms rapidly diminished, and by late on October 3, Nadine became devoid of any deep convection. At 0000 UTC on October 4, Nadine transitioned into an extratropical low-pressure area, while about southwest of the central Azores.
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Shortly before landfall, Phailin began another eyewall replacement cycle which led to slight weakening, and the system jumped back to Category 4 status. Maintaining intensity, the storm made landfall close to Gopalpur, Odisha in the evening of October 12. Phailin rapidly weakened as it tracked over rugged terrain, eventually dissipating into a well marked low pressure area over the state of Bihar on October 14. The cyclone prompted India's biggest evacuation in 23 years with more than 550,000 people moving up from the coastline in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to safer places.
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A low- pressure area developed into a tropical storm by 06:00 UTC on August 23, while located about east-northeast of the northern Bahamas. The storm steadily strengthened while moving northwestward, before curving to the north- northwest. Around 18:00 UTC on August 24, the cyclone intensified into Category 1 hurricane, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). The storm, moving northeastward, made landfall near Emerald Isle, North Carolina, with an estimated barometric pressure of , the lowest pressure in relation to the storm.
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On May 12, a trough moved eastward from Mexico and stalled over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. By May 20, the trough had rotated into a northwest-southeast orientation, which increased diffluence and contributed to the formation of a broad low pressure area over the northwest Caribbean. Early on May 21, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first indicated the potential for the low to undergo future cyclonic development. On May 23, the low moved over the eastern Yucatán Peninsula, where its development was impeded due to strong wind shear and dry air.
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A tropical wave left the coast of Africa on October 1, moving westward with intermittent showers and thunderstorms. On October 5, the system became better organized, and a low-pressure area formed. Although the thunderstorms were displaced east of the center of circulation and the probability for development was never high, the disturbance became a tropical depression around 0000 UTC on October 6 about east of the Lesser Antilles. Operationally, the storm was not designated a tropical cyclone until later on October 6, when it was immediately declared a tropical storm.
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Slowly organizing, the low pressure area had gained enough strength to be declared Tropical Depression Four-E during the morning hours of July 18. Just three hours later, the system was upgraded to Dora, the fourth tropical storm of the 2011 Pacific hurricane season. Continuing to organize, Dora reached hurricane strength late on July 20, before rapidly intensifying into a major hurricane later the next day. Strengthening further, Dora reached a peak of 155 mph (250 km/h) early on July 21, making it a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale.
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During the late hours of October 4, an area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a broad low pressure area developed several hundred miles to the south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. Moving slowly towards the west, the area of disturbed weather quickly organized. Late on October 5, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noted that the area had a high chance of developing into a tropical cyclone over the next 48 hours. Just several hours later, the NHC began issuing advisories on Tropical Depression Ten-E, several hundred miles to the south of Manzanillo, Mexico.
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Around that time, Lidia briefly moved offshore, before making another landfall near Punta Abreojos a few hours later, with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). By that time, Lidia weakened steadily, and emerged over the Pacific Ocean on September 2. However, Lidia continued to weaken due to cold sea surface temperatures. After failing to produce deep convection for about 12-15 hours, the NHC declared that Lidia had degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area at 09:00 UTC on September 3, about 40 mi (65 km) southwest of Punta Baja, Baja California.
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Hurricane Charley originated in an area of convection associated with a trough of low pressure first observed on August 11 across southern Florida and the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The area of disturbed weather spread northward, spawning a broad low-pressure area on August 12\. Moving northward over the Florida panhandle, the low became slightly better organized as it merged with a weakening weather front. On August 13, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) identified the system as a developing subtropical low near Apalachee Bay along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
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The rainfall was associated with an active cold front and an Atlantic low- pressure area that was over the Azores and moved northeastwards on 19 February 2010. This storm was one in a series of such storms that affected Spain, Portugal, Morocco and the Canary Islands with flooding, rain and high winds. These storms were bolstered by an unusually strong temperature contrast of the sea surface across the Atlantic Ocean. Abnormally warm waters had been widespread off West Africa whereas relatively cold surface waters had stretched between western Europe and the southeastern United States.
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In late May 2017, an area of convection began to organize in the Bay of Bengal. Favorable conditions, characterized by low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, allowed for the development of rainbands and the beginnings of circulation on May 27. That same day, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) noted that there was a high likelihood that the low pressure area would organize into a tropical depression. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center also issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on May 27, citing the persistent thunderstorm activity and the consolidating center of circulation.
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On August 23, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. Shortly after entering the Atlantic, the tropical wave developed into a low-pressure area. Over the next few days, the cloud pattern associated with the system fluctuated in organization and a tropical depression may have developed as early as August 24\. Two days later, satellite imagery indicated a well- defined low-level cloud center. As a result, it is estimated that Tropical Depression Twelve developed at 12:00 UTC on August 26\.
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The National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a tropical wave over western Africa on August 26. The tropical wave moved off the coast of the continent late on August 27. Throughout the next two days, showers and thunderstorms associated with the wave became better organized and gradually coalesced into a low-pressure area, as the system passed just south of and then through the Cape Verde Islands on August 29. Around 00:00 UTC on the following day, the system developed into a tropical depression just west of the Cape Verde Islands.
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A low pressure area formed on May 14 near Socotra in the western Arabian Sea. The weather system moved northwestward, steered by a ridge to the northeast and the flow of the regional geography. On May 16, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the low as a depression at 12:00 UTC about 200 km (125 mi) northeast of Cape Guardafui, Somalia. On the same day, the JTWC designated the depression as Tropical Cyclone 01A. The IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm on May 17, naming it Sagar.
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Torrential rains and flash floods were also reported in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Punjab, resulting in at least 25 deaths. The floodgates of the famous Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh were opened, for the first time in 10 years. As Daye weakened into a low-pressure area, the storm interacted with another western disturbance to the north, leading to widespread rainfall in the northern Himalayas and the plains to the south, from September 22–24. Delhi received heavy rains between September 22–24 totaling 58.6 mm, resulting in severe waterlogging.
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On August 22, 2004, a cold front—the same front which eventually spawned Tropical Storm Hermine—moved off the coast of the Carolinas and drifted southward before stalling on August 24. On August 25, Surface observations indicated that a broad low pressure area developed along the deteriorating frontal boundary. Convection remained sporadic and disorganized, until thunderstorm activity began to increase and the system developed banding structure on August 26. At 1200 UTC on August 27, the low organized, and was designated as Tropical Depression Seven while located about east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.
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On May 18, a weak low-pressure area was detected south of Hispaniola. Moving northward, the low became sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical storm at 1200 UTC on May 19, southeast of Turks Island. At the time, ship observations indicated that the disturbance had a well-defined cyclonic circulation, with the strongest winds situated in the northern semicircle of the cyclone. Continuing northward, the tropical storm gradually intensified and attained maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) by 0000 UTC on May 22\.
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The system moved westward into the Caribbean Sea without much organization. On November 7, the low-pressure area moved south of Cuba and became sufficiently organized to be considered a tropical depression with a pressure of at least 1010 mbar (hPa; 29.83 inHg). The depression moved over Cuba and into the Atlantic, where it dissipated the following day. On November 9, a second system was detected northeast of Bermuda with a pressure of 1005 mbar (hPa; 29.68 inHg), though it remained unclear whether the two systems were related.
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Scientists are connecting a delay in the Arctic vortex breakup with a reduction of planetary wave activities, few stratospheric sudden warming events, and depletion of ozone. Low pressure area over Quebec, Maine, and New Brunswick, part of the northern polar vortex weakening, on the record-setting cold morning of January 21, 1985 Sudden stratospheric warming events are associated with weaker polar vortices. This warming of stratospheric air can reverse the circulation in the Arctic Polar Vortex from counter-clockwise to clockwise. These changes aloft force changes in the troposphere below.
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Under the influence of an active southwest monsoon surge, a low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on June 9. It slowly organized, and was classified tropical storm 02A by the JTWC in the early hours of June 10. In the following hours, the IMD upgraded the storm to a depression and subsequently a deep depression, designating it "ARB 01". On June 11, the system was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm intensity and was named Nanauk by the IMD as it continued to intensify under favorable environmental conditions.
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Under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation, a low pressure area formed over the Andaman Sea on October 6. The system drifted westward and intensified into a depression and subsequently into a deep depression the next day, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issuing a Tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA). Owing to favorable environmental conditions, the storm intensified into a cyclonic storm on October 8 and was named Hudhud. Its convection consolidated in the following hours, and Hudhud became a Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9.
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Hurricane Lenny began as a low-pressure area that was first observed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November 8\. It developed an area of convection but remained poorly defined for the next few days. Thunderstorms spread across the region, producing heavy rainfall in portions of Mexico and Central America. On November 13, the system became better organized; a Hurricane Hunters flight later that day discovered a surface circulation and winds of about . The data indicated the development of Tropical Depression Sixteen at 1800 UTC, about south of the Cayman Islands.
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After a period of inactivity lasting slightly less than a month, the tropics became active again in early April when the ITCZ spawned an area of convection in the northeastern portion of the basin. This was in association with a preexisting low pressure area, and developed into a tropical disturbance on April 2. On the next day, the JTWC began tracking the system as Tropical Cyclone 24S. The system moved to the west-southwest due to a ridge to the south, gradually intensifying due to favorable conditions, such as warm water temperatures.
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A tropical disturbance formed on January 2 to the northwest of the Cocos Islands, which was tracked by the JTWC for the preceding few days before being classified as Tropical Cyclone 09S. It originated from the monsoon trough, which is an extended low pressure area within a convergence zone. It gradually intensified as it moved slowly to the southwest due to a high pressure system, or ridge, to the east. On January 3, the system intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Baomavo, and two days later attained tropical cyclone status while turning more to the south.
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The province of South Sulawesi experiences flooding annually. Due to development of a low-pressure area in the Timor Sea coupled with increased humidity in the wet season, the rainfall levels in the area increased significantly, with the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency issuing an extreme weather warning between 21 and 26 January 2019. One of the dams in the province, the Bili-Bili Dam which lies on the Jeneberang River, has suffered from silting, coupled with the critical condition of the river's catchment area due to agricultural use.
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A mesoscale convective vortex--(MCV)--is a mid-level low-pressure center within an MCS that pulls winds into a circling pattern, or vortex. Once the parent MCS dies, this vortex can persist and lead to future convective development. With a core only to and up to deep, an MCV can occasionally spawn a mesoscale surface low pressure area which appears on mesoscale surface weather analyses. But an MCV can take on a life of its own, persisting for up to several days after its parent MCS has dissipated.
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The system that would become Hurricane Alicia originated from the western end of a frontal trough that stretched from New England to the Gulf of Mexico. Satellite pictures showed a meso-scale low pressure area that had moved off the Alabama and Mississippi coasts near the trough and was possibly the precursor system to Alicia. Pressures in the Gulf of Mexico were high and stayed high during the early development stages. On August 15, a ship recorded a minimal pressure of 1015 millibars (29.99 inHg), when the system was upgraded into Tropical Storm Alicia.
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A cold front moved offshore New England and Atlantic Canada around September 7\. A low-pressure area developed along the front three days later and reached gale- force intensity by early on September 12\. After a curved band of convection formed later that day, the low became Subtropical Storm Joyce by 12:00 UTC while centered roughly west-southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. From September 13-September 14, Joyce interacted with the larger Hurricane Helene, due to the Fujiwhara effect, with Joyce being steered counter-clockwise around Helene.
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The synoptic conditions of a Spanish plume or as described in German as an "antizyklonale Südlage" saw a low pressure area named Ela (by the Free University of Berlin) over the eastern Atlantic, and high pressure (named Wolfgang) over Central Europe which brought a flow of warm air originating from the north west African Maghreb to eastern France and Germany. This airmass from Morocco and Sahara, saw temperatures reach up to 38 °C on Whit Monday.Schwere Gewitterfront in NRW am 09.06.2014. Analyse zum Unwetter in NRW am 9.
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On February 23, a low-pressure area developed near the east end of Texas and began to track northeastwards into the Mid-Atlantic States in the early hours of February 24. During this period, it also began to interact with some cold air on the back side of it, producing snow and ice in parts of the Ohio Valley, dumping as much as of snow. At the same time, ahead of the cold front, severe thunderstorms developed ahead of it, which would eventually lead to the second largest tornado outbreak of the month of February.
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Accelerating northeastward, the system briefly weakened to a tropical storm before reattaining hurricane strength as it made landfall near Western Head, Nova Scotia. After traversing the peninsula, the hurricane became extratropical and was later absorbed by a larger low pressure area on September 6, while located north of Newfoundland. In the Lesser Antilles, the storm brought strong winds, damaging houses and toppling trees, signs, and power lines, resulting in hundreds of thousands of electrical outages. Heavy rainfall led to flooding, inundating streets and leaving waist-deep water on some islands.
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Intense bow echoes responsible for widespread, extensive wind damage are called derechos, and move quickly over large territories. A wake low or a mesoscale low-pressure area forms behind the rain shield (a high pressure system under the rain canopy) of a mature squall line and is sometimes associated with a heat burst. Squall lines often cause severe straight-line wind damage, and most non-tornadic wind damage is caused from squall lines. Although the primary danger from squall lines is straight-line winds, some squall lines also contain weak tornadoes.
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A synoptic- scale extratropical storm along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada is called a Nor'easter. They are so named because their winds come from the northeast, especially in the coastal areas of the Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. More specifically, it describes a low- pressure area whose center of rotation is just off the East Coast and whose leading winds in the left forward quadrant rotate onto land from the northeast. Nor'easters may cause coastal flooding, coastal erosion, heavy rain or snow, and hurricane-force winds.
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Hurricane Maria was a Category 1 hurricane that made landfall on the island of Newfoundland during September 2011. Originating from a tropical wave over the central Atlantic on September 6, Maria moved toward the west and slowly strengthened. While approaching the northern Leeward Islands, however, the system entered a region of higher vertical wind shear and cooler sea surface temperatures, causing it to degenerate into a low-pressure area. It slowly curved toward the north and northeast around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge, and regained tropical storm status on September 10\.
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In late July, a low-level disturbance situated over the central Atlantic Ocean encountered a vigorous shortwave trough and developed into a surface low pressure area on July 22. At 18:00 UTC, a tropical depression formed about southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. Initially, the depression had extratropical features and lacked tropical characteristics, such as a warm core and a well-developed central dense overcast. A weather ship in the area indicated an influx of baroclinity, suggesting that Dorothy derived its energy through non-tropical processes.
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In late July 2020, an area of atmospheric convection began to persist approximately 410 km (255 mi) east of Virac, Catanduanes. Afterwards, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system a low-chance of developing into a tropical cyclone. Although situated within an environment generally conducive for the formation of a tropical cyclone, the low-pressure area moved towards Luzon, emerging in the West Philippine Sea with little to no organization. The low-pressure system then later left the Philippine Area of Responsibility and moved towards the South China Sea.
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The JTWC upgraded a disturbance north of Bairiki to a tropical depression with the designation 01W late on January 4 and expected some intensification, but it failed to develop and the JTWC downgraded it back to a disturbance on January 6. The system continued drifting westwards for two weeks without development. On January 19, the JMA upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression when it was already located about west of Palau. The tropical depression entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, being given the name Amang by PAGASA.
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Rumbia spent roughly a day moving across the archipelago before emerging into the South China Sea, where it resumed strengthening to a peak of 95 km/h (50 mph) on July 1, a severe tropical storm. The storm weakened slightly before moving ashore the Leizhou Peninsula in China late that day. Due to land interaction, Rumbia quickly weakened into a low pressure area on July 2 and dissipated soon after. Upon landfall in the Philippines, Rumbia caused extensive flooding across multiple islands, which disrupted transportation and displaced thousands of people.
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A low-pressure area formed south of Guam on September 22. On the next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system. Owing to the low-level circulation center (LLCC) rapidly consolidating with convective banding, JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression late on the same day. Overall, the environment was favorable for further development, with a developing anticyclone over the LLCC, weak vertical wind shear, and good poleward outflow due to a cold-core low north of the system.
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Melanie was the first storm of the season to require cyclone watches, and warnings were issued for the Pilbara coast, but it had weakened into a low-pressure area before it made landfall. Tropical Cyclone Helen was the first tropical cyclone to form in 2008, in the Southern Hemisphere, forming in TCWC Darwin's area of responsibility. Helen marked the first time that Darwin had experienced a tropical cyclone since Cyclone Gretel in the 1984–85 season. Cyclone Nicholas made landfall north of Carnarvon on 20 February as a category one cyclone.
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A tropical storm was believed to have formed from a low-pressure area, possibly on the tail end of a cold front on October 14. The storm moved westward; however, it began to curve west-southwestward on October 15, as it reached its peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). The storm continued to trek towards the west-southwest on October 16, later making landfall in eastern Florida on October 17 as a tropical depression. No damage is known to have been caused by the tropical storm.
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Re-intensifying over the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane attained a secondary peak intensity of before hitting Louisiana at that intensity. Areas along the Gulf Coast reported significant, widespread destruction from heavy rains, storm surge, and high tides, especially in Louisiana, where the storm destroyed crops and blew down buildings. The storm then curved northeast into New England before transitioning into an extratropical low-pressure area. The outer bands of the storm produced gale-force winds in the region and nearby Mid-Atlantic states, downing loose objects such as tree branches, awnings, and wires.
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Hurricane Barbara was the easternmost landfalling Pacific hurricane on record. As the first hurricane of the 2013 Pacific hurricane season, Barbara developed from a low-pressure area while located southeast of Mexico on May 28\. It headed slowly north-northeastward and strengthened into a tropical storm early on the following day. After recurving to the northeast, Barbara intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on May 29 and made landfall in Chiapas at peak intensity with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a barometric pressure estimated at 983 mbar (hPa; 29.03 inHg).
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A low pressure area was present north of the Yucatán Peninsula on September 14\. Nearby ship observations indicated that a tropical depression developed the next day in the central Gulf of Mexico, although the system's large structure meant it could have been a subtropical cyclone. The system moved slowly westward, bringing winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) to the coast of Louisiana. It is estimated that the storm reached peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) on September 16, based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters.
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Winds on the surface were from the southeast, which created low-level wind shear; enhancing the potential for tornadoes. By early afternoon, the low-pressure area had moved east into California, while the warm front had moved northward into southern Minnesota. The atmosphere to the south of the warm front was strongly capped, meaning that the best chance of thunderstorm development was in areas along and slightly north of the front. By the time the thunderstorms started developing, CAPE values were 2000 J/kg, indicating moderate atmospheric instability.
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On 24 October, both the IMD and JWTC reported that the storm had reached tropical cyclone strength, with the IMD naming it Kyant. Initially following a northeastward path, the storm re-curved westward off the coast of Myanmar, along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge, towards the eastern coast of India. The JTWC issued its final warning at 21:00 UTC on 26 October, and Kyant was last noted as a well- marked low pressure area off the coast of southern Andhra Pradesh, early on 28 October.
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Early on February 12, PAGASA reported that a low-pressure area located about to the east of Surigao City in the Philippines had intensified into a tropical depression. During that day the depression gradually moved towards the west with its peak windspeeds estimated at 45 km/h (30 mph). Early the next morning after the depression had made landfall on Dinagat Island, PAGASA released its final advisory as the depression had weakened into an area of low pressure. An estimated 473 passengers and several vehicles were stranded in Liloan and Ormoc due to ferry cancellations.
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Tropical Storm Marco was the only tropical cyclone to make landfall on the United States during the 1990 Atlantic hurricane season. The 13th named storm of the season, Marco formed from a cold-core low pressure area along the northern coast of Cuba on October 9, and tracked northwestward through the eastern Gulf of Mexico. With most of its circulation over the western portion of Florida, Tropical Storm Marco produced 65 mph (100 km/h) winds over land. However, it weakened to a tropical depression before moving ashore near Cedar Key.
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Tropical Storm Colin was the earliest third named storm in the Atlantic basin on record for 4 years until it was surpassed by Tropical Storm Cristobal in 2020. An atypical, poorly organized tropical cyclone, Colin developed from a low pressure area over the Gulf of Mexico near the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula late on June 5, 2016. Moving northward, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm about eight hours after formation. On June 6, Colin curved to the north-northeast and intensified slightly to winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).
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The predecessor to Rumbia developed as an area of convection on November 25, southeast of Palau. The region of disturbed weather was connected with a weak low-pressure area. Embedded within the monsoon trough and tracking westward, the system organized, and as a result the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) designated the storm as Tropical Depression Toyang at 0000 UTC on November 25\. Six hours later, the PAGASA upgraded Toyang to tropical storm status, though at the same time the JMA designated the system as a tropical depression.
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Despite high wind shear, it briefly strengthened to a hurricane on October 4 when it developed an eye feature, before weakening back to a tropical storm several hours later. Philippe re-acquired hurricane intensity on October 6 and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) later that day. However, Philippe weakened to a tropical storm on October 8, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone later that day. Early on October 9, the remnants extratropical storm was absorbed by larger low pressure area to the west of the Azores.
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A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression about 700 mi (1,100 km) west-southwest of the southern Cape Verde Islands on late September 6\. Early the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Maria. The system reached winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on September 8, before encountering stronger wind shear and cooler water temperatures near the Leeward Islands, degenerating into a low-pressure area on September 9\. It slowly curved toward the north and northeast around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge, and regained tropical storm status on September 10\.
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Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vardah was the fourth cyclonic storm, as well as the most intense tropical cyclone of the 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. The system struck the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as well as South India, before later affecting Somalia. Originating as a low pressure area near the Malay Peninsula on December 3, the storm was designated a depression on December 6. It gradually intensified into a Deep Depression on the following day, skirting off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and intensified into a Cyclonic Storm on December 8.
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The coast is also subject to destructive tropical storms and hurricanes, particularly from July through October. The high winds and floods, accompanying these storms often cause considerable destruction of property. In addition, heavy rains (called papagayo storms) accompanying the passage of a cold front or a low-pressure area may sweep from the north through both eastern and western Nicaragua (particularly the rift valley) from November through March. Hurricanes or heavy rains in the central highlands where agriculture has destroyed much of the natural vegetation also cause considerable crop damage and soil erosion.
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Under the influence of an ongoing onset of a southwest monsoon, a low pressure area formed on June 6. It slowly consolidated, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA) on June 6. The following day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued its first advisory for the system, designating it ARB 01. Later the same day, the JTWC reported the storm had reached tropical cyclone intensity, and on June 8, the IMD upgraded the storm to a cyclonic storm, assigning it the name Ashobaa.
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On the following day, the depression intensified into a Deep depression, reaching its peak intensity with sustained wind speeds at and a minimum central pressure estimated near . On the following days, the storm followed a generally northwestward track, where it encountered areas having low mid-to-upper level moisture in the atmosphere. The system struggled to maintain its intensity and weakened, prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning on ARB 03 in the morning of October 11. On next day, IMD reported that the storm had degenerated into a well-marked low pressure area.
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Over the following hours, the storm intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and further into a very severe cyclonic storm. Rapid intensification commenced and Chapala was upgraded into an extremely severe cyclonic storm on October 30. On November 3, it made landfall in Yemen as a very severe cyclonic storm, making it the first tropical cyclone at hurricane intensity to make landfall in the country on record. Chapala rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of mainland Yemen and was last noted as a low pressure area the following day.
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Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer monsoons in India. The Asian monsoons may be classified into a few sub-systems, such as the South Asian Monsoon which affects the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions, and the East Asian Monsoon which affects southern China, Korea and parts of Japan. The southwestern summer monsoons occur from June through September. The Thar Desert and adjoining areas of the northern and central Indian subcontinent heats up considerably during the hot summers, which causes a low pressure area over the northern and central Indian subcontinent.
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The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) analyzed the formation of a disturbance near Micronesia on March 30, though no other agencies monitored the system. Tracking westward, the low-pressure area developed further into a tropical depression the following day. The storm turned towards the north on April 1, reaching peak intensity two days later with winds of 55 km/h and a minimum pressure of 1001 mbar (hPa; 29.56 inHg) before slowly weakening. On April 6, the depression degenerated into a remnant area of low pressure; these remnants tracked westward before dissipating early the next day.
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After moving further northwestwards, the depression remained practically stationary over Jharkhand. By the evening of September 23, IMD reported that the depression had weakened into a well-marked low pressure area in their final bulletin for the system, as the storm dissipated to a remnant low. As the depression made landfall, heavy rains threatened to cause floods for the second time within two weeks in the Bramhani and Baitarani rivers. By the evening of September 22, 90 villages in Jajpur were displaced due to the sudden swelling of the Baitarani River.
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On November 6, the IMD upgraded a low pressure area into a Depression, designating it ARB 03. The system was forecasted to intensify into a deep depression and move towards the Gulf of Aden in the next 72 hours. On the same day a TCFA was issued by the JTWC. The IMD upgraded the storm into a deep depression on November 8, and forecasted that it would intensify into a cyclonic storm within the next 24 hours which was followed by an upgrade to a tropical storm by JTWC.
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On November 26, at 11:30 am IST, the IMD upgraded a low pressure area south of India near Cape Comorin into a depression, giving it the designation ARB 04. The same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm from a tropical depression to a Tropical Storm and named it 05A. Extensive damage and loss of life was reported in Sri Lanka, where the storm was linked with heavy rains which caused 19 deaths and damage to 5,700 homes. The IMD upgraded the storm to a Deep Depression on November 28.
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Nor'easters are usually formed by an area of vorticity associated with an upper-level disturbance or from a kink in a frontal surface that causes a surface low-pressure area to develop. Such storms are very often formed from the merging of several weaker storms, a "parent storm", and a polar jet stream mixing with the tropical jet stream. Until the nor'easter passes, thick, dark, low-level clouds often block out the sun. Temperatures usually fall significantly due to the presence of the cooler air from winds that typically come from a northeasterly direction.
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On March 4, 1962, a large low- pressure area developed along a cold front off the southeast coast of the United States, with several ill-defined circulation centers. At the same time, a large ridge was over Atlantic Canada, and a powerful upper-level low was over the Ohio Valley. The upper-level low reached the North Carolina coast on March 6, which aided in the intensification of the frontal system, reaching a minimum barometric pressure of . From March 6-8, the storm drifted northeastward, but quicker movement was blocked by the ridge.
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A tropical wave, which was accompanied by a broad surface low pressure area, emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa late on August 26. Tracking generally westward, the system remained disorganized for the next several days. By August 29, the system became increasingly organized as showers and thunderstorms concentrated toward the center. Based on Dvorak satellite classifications and scatterometer surface wind data, it is estimated that Tropical Depression Twelve developed at 0000 UTC on August 30, while located about east-southeast of the northern Leeward Islands.
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The October 1996 India cyclone (also known as Cyclone 05A) had an unusual and protracted path that spanned much of the northern Indian Ocean. It originated in a weather disturbance that formed on October 14 in the southern Bay of Bengal, off India's east coast. Moving westward, it struck Andhra Pradesh on October 17 as a well-defined low pressure area. It crossed southern India and reorganized in the Arabian Sea off the western coast of India. The system developed into a depression on October 22 and quickly intensified while moving northward.
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Tropical Cyclone Lise was first detected as a weak tropical low passing north of Guam and Saipan on 31 August, Navy Reconnaissance two days later established that this low had increased to typhoon intensity. Intensification is attributed to the low moving into a stagnant low pressure area in tho Philippine Sea. Lise began a sharp recurvature on 2 September and passed 70 miles southeast of Iwo Jima as an intense typhoon on 4 September. Maximum winds of 85 knots were experienced at Iwo Jima for a short period.
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On June 26, Meari rapidly moved to the Yellow Sea but slowly passed Weihai, Shandong, China, and then the JMA downgraded Meari to a tropical storm on the same day. On June 27, the JTWC downgraded Meari to a tropical depression before it made landfall on North Korea, and the JMA reported that Meari became a low pressure area later. Heavy rains from the storm's outer bands triggered significant flooding and landslides in South Korea. At least nine people were killed and three others were reported missing across the country.
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Late on August 21, a low pressure area developed to the west of Guam, which is associated from the remnants of a tropical depression. At midnight that day, the system became sufficiently well organized that the JMA started tracking it as a tropical depression. On August 23, the system moved into an environment of low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA on it. By August 25, the system grew strong enough that the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm, naming it Talas.
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Early on September 13, a low pressure area formed northeast of the Northern Mariana Islands. The system gradually drifted north and steadily intensified until the next day when the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression. Later on September 14, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system reporting that the system could intensify into a tropical storm within 24 hours from then. Convection rapidly consolidated the center with persistent, deep convection around the north-eastern periphery, prompting the JTWC to initiate advisories on the system, designating it with 19W.
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Later that day, Hurricane Hunters aircraft reconnaissance began investigating the system, and discovered an ill-defined but intact and broad low-pressure area over the south-central Gulf of Mexico. The system continued to possess an elongated circulation through June 15, but on June 16, reconnaissance aircraft indicated that the storm had become sufficiently organized to be considered a tropical cyclone. As winds were already found to have met the threshold for a tropical storm, the NHC began issuing advisories on Tropical Storm Bill at 03:00 UTC that day, skipping the tropical depression classification.
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A tropical wave departed from the western coast of Africa on July 31 and traveled westward across the Atlantic Ocean with limited thunderstorm activity. The wave entered the Pacific Ocean on August 8 and became more organized by August 11, however, development was significantly impeded after convection became sporadic. A low-pressure area developed on August 13 and gained banding features as it strengthened. A tropical depression spawned around 00:00 UTC on August 15, about 1,075 mi (1,730 km) southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula.
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The 1940 New England hurricane moved off of the U.S. East Coast and Atlantic Canada in August and September 1940, producing strong winds and torrential rainfall. The fourth tropical cyclone and third hurricane of the season, the storm originated from a well-defined low-pressure area in the open Atlantic Ocean on August 26\. Moving slowly in a general west-northwest motion, the disturbance intensified, reaching tropical storm strength on August 28 and subsequently hurricane intensity on August 30\. The hurricane passed within 85 mi (135 km) of Cape Hatteras before recurving towards the northeast.
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During mid-June, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) made its annual migration northward into the southern Gulf of Mexico. Coinciding with a Madden–Julian oscillation, a weak surface low pressure area developed on June 19, and subsequently moved inland over the Yucatán Peninsula. While the system crossed the peninsula, a tropical wave moved through the northwestern Caribbean Sea on June 18\. The wave reached the Gulf of Mexico on June 20 and merged with the low a few days later, spawning a trough of low pressure on June 22\.
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The law takes its name from Dutch meteorologist C. H. D. Buys Ballot, who published it in the Comptes Rendus, in November 1857. While William Ferrel first theorized this in 1856, Buys Ballot was the first to provide an empirical validation. The law states that in the Northern Hemisphere, if a person stands with his back to the wind, the low pressure area will be on his left, because wind travels counterclockwise around low pressure zones in that hemisphere. this is approximately true in the higher latitudes and is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Moving north-northeastwards, it crossed Bangladesh coast near Khepupara between 2300 UTC of 11th and 0000 UTC of June 12. As the system moved over land, it weakened gradually into a depression over east Bangladesh & neighbourhood due to land surface interaction and thereafter into a well marked low pressure area. At least 156 people have been confirmed dead following landslides caused in the Rangamati, Bandarban and Chittagong districts of Bangladesh along with 14 others in Northeast India caused by torrential rainfall. Cherrapunji received 320 mm rain in association with the system.
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An area of thunderstorms increased near the FSM on September 15 within the monsoon trough. Located within an area of moderate wind shear, its convection was intermittent around a weak circulation. On September 18, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), and the JMA classified the system as a tropical depression; however, the two warning agencies were tracking different circulations within the same system, and by September 19 the circulation JMA was tracking became the dominant system. Shortly thereafter, the agency downgraded the system to a low pressure area after it weakened.
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Late on June 7, a tropical disturbance formed south-southeast of Pohnpei. Late on June 8, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on that system but canceled it late on June 9. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the low- pressure area to a tropical depression on June 10, so did the JTWC early on June 11. Early on the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and later the JMA also upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Guchol.
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Midday on May 18, the JTWC began to monitor an area of persistent disturbed weather associated with a broad low-pressure area southwest of Chuuk. Within highly conductive conditions, the disturbance quickly organized and became classified as a tropical depression at 0000 UTC the following day. In its initial stages, the depression tracked slowly northeastwards. However, a shortwave trough forced a weakness in a nearby ridge, allowing for the storm to take a more streamlined, northward path. At 1200 UTC on May 20, the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Chan-hom.
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Hurricane Beta was a compact and intense tropical cyclone that impacted the southwestern Caribbean in late October 2005\. Beta was the twenty-fourth tropical storm, fourteenth hurricane, and seventh and final major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. On October 21, a developing tropical wave entered the eastern Caribbean Sea and spawned Tropical Storm Alpha the following day. As the wave entered the southwestern Caribbean, convection redeveloped and on October 26, the system spawned another low-pressure area which developed into Tropical Depression Twenty-six.
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A large and violent EF4 tornado near Marquette, KS. An impressive low pressure area and associated trough began tracking into the Great Plains on April 13, and a slight risk of severe weather was issued. The outlook mentioned the possibility of tornadoes, including the risk for isolated strong tornadoes. No strong tornadoes occurred, though an EF1 tornado caused considerable damage in Norman, Oklahoma. For only the second time in history (previously for April 7, 2006), a day two high risk of severe weather was issued by the Storm Prediction Center.
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A low pressure area formed over the western Bay of Bengal on October 28\. On the next day, the IMD classified it as a depression, and soon upgraded it to a deep depression. On October 30, the IMD upgraded it further to a cyclonic storm and later a severe cyclonic storm, estimating peak 3-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph); this was based on the appearance of a well-defined eye. Also on October 30, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system as Tropical Cyclone 04B north of Sri Lanka.
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The region was unaffected by the progression of troughs that would usually decrease the water temperatures. On August 13, an area of convection persisted east of the Chagos, in association with the near-equatorial trough, later developing a low pressure area and well-defined circulation. On August 16, the system organized into a tropical disturbance, becoming Tropical Depression A1 the next day; this made it the first such storm in the month of August since Tropical Depression Aline in August 1969. Also on August 17, the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 2S.
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Sam originated from a tropical low that formed in the Arafura Sea on 28 November. Tracking generally westward, the initial low-pressure area remained generally weak until it entered the Timor Sea, by which time it had strengthened into a tropical cyclone on 5 December. Though a subtropical ridge was forcing the cyclone westward at the time, an approaching shortwave trough caused Sam to track southward the following day, towards the Australian coast. During its southward progression, Sam rapidly intensified, and reached its peak intensity on 7 December.
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For a few days toward the end of October 1961, a low-pressure area persisted in the western Caribbean Sea, north of the Panama Canal Zone. On October 25, an upper-level anticyclone moved over the low; the next day, a trough over the western Gulf of Mexico provided favorable outflow for the disturbance. At 0000 UTC on October 27, a ship nearby reported southerly winds of 46 mph (74 km/h). Later that day, the airport on San Andres Island reported easterly winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).
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On February 1, a low-pressure area formed within the monsoon trough to the south of Indonesia, which would eventually become Tropical Cyclone Leon in the Australian basin, as well as Tropical Cyclone 11S according to JTWC. The storm tracked westward across much of the Indian Ocean, fluctuating in strength due to changes in the atmosphere. After crossing 90° E, the MFR began tracking the system as Tropical Storm Eline on February 8\. The storm continued westward across the Indian Ocean and intensified greatly as it approached the east coast of Madagascar.
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Daniel gradually weakened as it entered an area of cooler water temperatures and increased wind shear, and after crossing into the Central Pacific Ocean, it quickly degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area on July 26, before dissipating two days later. Initial predictions suggested that the cyclone would pass through the Hawaiian Islands as a tropical storm; however, Daniel's remnants dissipated southeast of Hawaii. The storm brought light to moderate precipitation to the Island of Hawaii and Maui, causing minor flooding, although no major damage or fatalities were reported.
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Later that night, Hernan had degenerated into a remnant low, and the final advisory was issued by the National Hurricane Center. The remnant low still retained tropical storm-force winds for a short while before weakening further by the next morning. The low moved towards the west-southwest over the next several days before dissipating 460 mi (740 km) southeast of the Island of Hawaii on August 16. The remnant low- pressure area of Hernan later brought moisture to the island of Hawaii, causing cloud and shower activity.
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Early on October 14, the storm turned to the north-northeast and decelerated in response to an approaching mid- to upper- level trough. Increasing upper-level wind shear temporarily limited further intensification. However, after a mid- to upper-level cut-off low pressure area moved southward, the upper-level outflow pattern became more favorable, causing Jerry to resume strengthening. The cut-off low then forced Jerry to re-curve north-northwestward, while stronger steering currents and a high pressure ridge increased the storm's forward motion to more than .
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Vasser went off into the turn four gravel trap. Weather conditions became cloudy for the Saturday practice session due to a low pressure area developing to the west of the track. The session was stopped twice when Alex Tagliani spun into the turn six gravel trap and stalled his car, and Bräck's engine failed heading into the 12th turn and steered right towards the pit lane entry but stalled. De Ferran was fastest with a time of 1:40.511; Moreno, Vasser, Junqueira, Takagi, Castroneves, Fernández, Franchitti, Herta and Bräck completed the top ten.
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In the middle of February 2004, a monsoon trough formed in the southwest Pacific Ocean during the middle of a Madden–Julian oscillation pulse. A low pressure area developed along the trough, and the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) designated it Tropical Disturbance 5F on February 21 about halfway between Vanuatu and Fiji. Initially, the system was moving little and had a circulation that was detached from the primary area of convection. On February 22 after the thunderstorms increased, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on the disturbance with the designation Tropical Cyclone 13P.
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Ultimately, an approaching trough caused weakening by increasing wind shear, while also forcing the storm eastward. On December 4, Olga again weakened to a tropical depression as it lost most of its convection. Later that day, the circulation turned to the southeast as a ridge built to its north, and Olga degenerated into a remnant low pressure area, about east of Nassau, Bahamas. The remnant circulation turned to the south and west, completing a loop and later moving through the Bahamas before dissipating along the north coast of Cuba on December 7.
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Hurricane Katia was the most intense hurricane in the Bay of Campeche since Karl in 2010. The eleventh named storm and sixth hurricane of the unusually active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Katia originated on September 5, out of a broad low-pressure area that formed in the Bay of Campeche. Located in an area of weak steering currents, Katia meandered around in the region, eventually intensifying into a hurricane on September 6\. The nascent storm eventually peaked as a 105 mph (165 km/h) Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale while it began to move southwestward.
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On December 11, an area of low pressure associated with a monsoon trough formed in the south of South China Sea. Later that day, the low pressure area became a strong tropical disturbance wave. During the next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that the system had intensified into Tropical Depression 19W, while the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression. On December 13, JTWC and the JMA both issued their last advisory on Tropical Depression 19W, as it dissipated completely over the northwestern part of the South China Sea, without impacting any major land masses.
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On September 8 it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area off the coast of North Carolina, and after moving ashore near Cape Hatteras, it crossed the Mid-Atlantic states and dissipated on September 17 over New England. Henri was responsible for locally heavy rainfall across Florida, but damage was minimal. The remnants of Henri caused heavy precipitation in Delaware and Pennsylvania, causing $19.6 million in damage (2003 USD). In Delaware, the rainfall caused record-breaking river flooding, with part of the Red Clay Creek experiencing a 500-year flood, and the system left 109,000 residents without power in Pennsylvania.
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A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 17, which developed a low pressure area on September 27 in the western Caribbean Sea. It moved ashore along the Yucatán Peninsula on September 29 and developed into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with a stationary cold front. Deep convection increased, and it transitioned into Tropical Storm Larry by October 1. The storm drifted generally southward, and after reaching peak winds of it made landfall in the Mexican state of Tabasco on October 5, the first landfall in the state since Hurricane Brenda in 1973.
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A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 13\. The wave later interacted with a Kelvin wave, the latter of which contributed to the formation of Tropical Depression Nine. Moving westward with a large area of convection, the tropical wave and the Kelvin wave developed into a well-defined low pressure area around midday on September 15, according to satellite imagery. However, disorganization prevented its classification as a tropical depression until 06:00 UTC on September 18, while located about 750 mi (1,210 km) south of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands.
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A shortwave disturbance spawned a well-defined low pressure area on September 2 while located about southwest of the Azores. The low moved southwestward and developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen at 0600 UTC on September 3\. It moved westward and then northwestward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Michael at 0600 UTC on September 4, while located about 1,235 miles (1,990 km) southwest of the Azores. Initially, it was predicted by the National Hurricane Center that the depression would only strengthen slightly and then become extratropical by September 6, due to an anticipated increase in wind shear.
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In late June, an area of disturbed weather persisted over the northern Bay of Bengal, unusually far south for a monsoonal system for this time of year. Convergence from the monsoon enhanced convection to the southwest of a developing low-pressure area; however, strong wind shear was expected to prevent tropical cyclogenesis. However, the system rapidly organized into a deep depression by July 2, at which time it was situated 240 km (150 mi) south of Calcutta, India. At 1200 UTC, the JTWC classified the cyclone as a tropical storm with one-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).
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A strong mid-level shortwave trough developed into a closed low-pressure area as the system occluded over the central High Plains on April 27, 2014. An associated surface cyclone reached peak intensity while a trailing cold front moved eastward across eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma and northern Texas. There were two areas where severe weather was expected, morning pre-frontal convection from Kansas and Oklahoma into Missouri and Iowa and warm sector supercell development across southeast Oklahoma and northeast Texas into Arkansas. The Storm Prediction Center indicated this system for 6 days in advance on its 4–8 day outlook.
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However, later that day, a broad low pressure area had developed along axis of the wave, based on surface observations about southeast of Cozumel, Mexico. Early on September 14, it was estimated from satellite imagery that the low pressure system was near tropical depression strength, even though the convection was still disorganized. Tropical Storm Gordon as seen by radar over the Southeastern United States The system was classified as Tropical Depression Eleven at 1200 UTC on September 14, based on reports from reconnaissance aircraft. Later that day, the developing depression moved inland over the Yucatán Peninsula.
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A weak low-pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico developed on July 26, organizing into Tropical Storm Brenda a day later. The minimal tropical storm moved ashore near Cross City, Florida on July 29, and moved northeastward along the east coast of the United States, gradually intensifying despite being largely over land. Later that day, the storm briefly moved offshore before striking southern North Carolina with peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). After moving through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, Brenda transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July 31 over Maine.
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A trough was located over the Gulf of Mexico on September 8, which interacted with a weakening cold front to produce a low pressure area, and eventually a tropical depression on September 12\. On the next day, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Ethel, which began a period of rapid intensification a day later. By late on September 14, Ethel reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km), presenting a well- defined eye. Operationally, the Hurricane Hunters estimated winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), making Ethel a Category 5 hurricane, although a reanalysis in 2016 downgraded Ethel to a Category 3\.
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Its low density, therefore, lowers the atmospheric pressure on the coast. This low-pressure area caused by the berg wind draws the dense moist maritime air onshore to the right of the off-shore berg wind. Shear forces between these on- and off-shore winds on the right-hand side of the berg wind tend to cause clockwise (or cyclonic) rotation of the air in this region. In addition, on reaching the escarpment the maritime air curves to the right round the low-pressure zone due to Coriolis forces (in the southern hemisphere) accentuating the cyclonic circulation of the "coastal low".
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The system had become better organized and on July 25, the NHC continued to remark upon the potential for the weak low pressure area--accompanied by disorganized convective activity-- to develop. On July 26, the system became better-organized, and under favorable conditions it was upgraded to a tropical depression at 1200 UTC, while located about to the south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Under the steering currents of a subtropical ridge of high pressure, the depression continued moving westward. Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression contained a somewhat well-defined low-level center of circulation, as well as convective banding.
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Hurricane Cindy impacted the Carolinas, the Mid-Atlantic states, New England, and the Canadian Maritime Provinces during the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season. The third storm of the season, Cindy originated from a low-pressure area associated with a cold front located east of northern Florida. The low developed into a tropical depression on July 5 while tracking north- northeastward, and became Tropical Storm Cindy by the next day. Cindy turned westward because of a high-pressure area positioned to its north, and further intensified into a weak hurricane off the coast of the Carolinas on July 8.
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San Francisco's natural air conditioning, the fog, rolls in through the Golden Gate, covering Alcatraz Island. Fog enters San Francisco Bay through the Golden Gate, seen here in August 2012 The Golden Gate is often shrouded in fog, especially during the summer. Heat generated in the California Central Valley causes air there to rise, creating a low pressure area that pulls in cool, moist air from over the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate forms the largest break in the hills of the California Coast Range, allowing a persistent, dense stream of fog to enter the bay there.
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In late August, the monsoon trough spawned a series of disturbances in the Bay of Bengal, including one that developed on August 19 off the Odisha coast. It persisted and gradually organized, becoming a well-marked low pressure area on August 22\. On the following day, the system became a depression, located about 150 km (90 mi) south-southeast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Moving westward, the system soon moved ashore near Kakinada without intensifying beyond winds of 45 km/h (30 mph), and quickly weakened into a remnant low on August 24\. The low continued westward, eventually dissipating over Gujarat on August 28.
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The tornado outbreak of May 15–17, 2013 was a small but intense and deadly tornado outbreak that produced several damaging tornadoes in northern Texas, south-central Oklahoma, northern Louisiana, and northern Alabama. In mid-May 2013, an upper-level shortwave trough tracked across the Southern Plains of the United States. An associated low-pressure area and atmospheric instability resulted in the formation of tornadoes across northern Texas and Oklahoma on May 15\. Afterwards the storm system weakened as it tracked westward, though six additional tornadoes were reported in Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama in the two days following May 15.
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On January 18, a weak low pressure area developed to the north of Fiji, within a trough of low pressure that extended from a weakening Cyclone Rewa to the northwest of Fiji. Over the next few days the low moved towards the west and passed between the Vanuation islands of Vila and Santo on January 21. Once the low had moved into the Coral Sea it started to rapidly develop further, with both RSMC Nadi and the JTWC reporting early on January 22, that the low had developed into a tropical cyclone, with the latter naming it Sarah.
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The interaction between an upper-level trough and a decaying cold front led to the development of a low pressure area on October 8 to the southwest of Bermuda. Although it lacked a well-defined center of circulation, the system was already producing gale-force winds. Early on October 10, the low developed a curved band of convection northwest of the center, and it organized into Subtropical Storm Nicole by 06:00 UTC. An approaching mid-level trough turned the system northeastward. Early on October 11, Nicole passed about 60 mi (95 km) northwest of Bermuda.
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The combination of vertical wind shear and the wave's proximity to land impeded further development. Convection increased along the northern portion of the wave on July 24, although by the following day the NHC expected no significant redevelopment. Early on July 26, the thunderstorms along the tropical wave became more concentrated to the south of Cuba, in association with a low- pressure area. The system continued to organize, and by 0600 UTC on July 27, the surface circulation became defined enough for it to be classified as a tropical depression about 60 mi (95 km) northeast of Cancún, Mexico.
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The origins of Jerry were from a non-tropical low pressure area over the central Atlantic on September 21. The system meandered for two days, gradually developing deeper convection and gaining organization. On September 23, the National Hurricane Center declared it a subtropical depression, as a warm core had developed but the system was still involved with an upper-level low, and its strongest winds were well removed from the center. Early on September 23, both satellite estimates and QuikScat data determined that the depression had strengthened into Subtropical Storm Jerry, despite the lack of a well-defined inner core.
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Comparison between extratropical and tropical cyclones on surface analysis There are a number of structural characteristics common to all cyclones. A cyclone is a low-pressure area. A cyclone's center (often known in a mature tropical cyclone as the eye), is the area of lowest atmospheric pressure in the region. Near the center, the pressure gradient force (from the pressure in the center of the cyclone compared to the pressure outside the cyclone) and the force from the Coriolis effect must be in an approximate balance, or the cyclone would collapse on itself as a result of the difference in pressure.
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Hanna then strengthened sharply to reach to its peak intensity of 60 miles per hour (100 km/h) at 0000 UTC on September 14. Convection shifted towards the eastern semicircle of the circulation, while the still-exposed center became malformed and elongated. On September 14, the poorly organized cyclone crossed southeastern Louisiana, turned towards the north-northeast and made a second landfall close to the Alabama-Mississippi border at 1500 UTC that day, still at its peak strength. The storm dissipated rapidly as it proceeded inland, and the remnant low pressure area moved into Georgia and South Carolina.
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Around this time, a new low-pressure area formed to Isbell's northwest over the Gulf in response to a powerful cold-core low over the Mississippi Valley. The cyclonic flow of this second system brought cool, dry air from the north and circulated it into the hurricane. This in turn caused the storm to become asymmetric in structure with radar imagery indicating little to no reflectivity along the western periphery of the hurricane. Surface weather analysis of Hurricane Isbell and the nearby non-tropical low over the Gulf of Mexico at 12:00 UTC on October 14\.
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The cyclone tracked in a general east-northeastward direction throughout the day, reaching central Indiana by early on February 8. The blizzard pulling away from the Northeastern U.S, with an apparent eye-feature As the low- pressure system over the United States Midwest developed, energy associated with the subtropical jet over the Mexican plateau tracked into the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in the formation of another low-pressure area just off the Texas coast on February 7. Tracking eastward, the system produced isolated severe weather across the United States Gulf Coast. Nearing noon that day, the cyclone moved into the Florida Panhandle.
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The origins of Hurricane Francelia were from a tropical wave - an elongated low pressure area - that exited the western coast of Africa on August 19\. It moved westward across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and the annual summary of 1969 tropical cyclone activity indicated there may have been a tropical depression - a cyclone with sustained winds of less 40 mph (75 km/h) - briefly located within the system. On August 26, an area of convection, or thunderstorms, developed along the wave, about 800 miles (1300 km) east of Barbados. A Hurricane Hunters flight two days later reported no low-level circulation.
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A low-pressure area that developed over southeast Florida and an area of convection near the Yucatán Peninsula merged and resulted in the formation of a tropical depression over the southern Gulf of Mexico on August 26\. Tacking west-northwestward around a high-pressure ridge, the depression gradually intensified began and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Debra on August 28\. Debra turned to the north and reached its peak intensity of on August 29, shortly before making landfall in southwestern Louisiana. It was a disorganized storm, with most of the convection located to the east of the center.
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Image showing the pressure pattern around an organized thunderstorm complex. Near the strong wake low, strong winds and a temperature spike were recorded A wake low, or wake depression, is a mesoscale low-pressure area which trails the mesoscale high following a squall line.. Due to the subsiding warm air associated with the system's formation, clearing skies are associated with the wake low. Once difficult to detect in surface weather observations due to their broad spacing, the formation of mesoscale weather station networks, or mesonets, has increased their detection.Mark R. Conder, Steven R. Cobb, and Gary D. Skwira (2006).
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Consequently, by 18 March radioactive fallout including isotopes of iodine-131, iodine-132, tellurium-132, iodine-133, caesium-134 and caesium-137 was detected in air filters at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Due to an anticyclone south of Japan, favorable westerly winds were dominant during most of the first week of the accident, depositing most of the radioactive material out to sea and away from population centers, with some unfavorable wind directions depositing radioactive material over Tokyo. Low-pressure area over Eastern Japan gave less favorable wind directions 21–22 March. Wind shift to north takes place Tuesday midnight.
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A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 7 without any significant convection, with an associated low pressure area moving southwestward away from the coast. It passed just south of the Cape Verde Islands, and tracked generally westward with a subtropical ridge centered to its north over the Azores. Late on August 9, an area of convection developed in association with the wave. With generally favorable conditions for development, the system began slowly organizing, to the extent that on August 10, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) remarked for its potential to become a tropical depression in a few days.
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On a synoptic scale, the most important factors that control the climate in Chile are the Pacific Anticyclone, the southern circumpolar low pressure area, the cold Humboldt current, the Chilean Coast Range and the Andes Mountains. Despite Chile's narrowness, some interior regions may experience wide temperature oscillations and cities such as San Pedro de Atacama, may even experience a continental climate. In the extreme northeast and southeast the border of Chile extends beyond the Andes into the Altiplano and the Patagonian plains, giving these regions climate patterns similar to those seen in Bolivia and Argentina respectively.
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Tropical Depression Eight caused severe flooding in southeastern Texas in late August 1981. The eighth tropical cyclone of the annual hurricane season, the depression developed from a tropical disturbance over the Bay of Campeche on August 26\. Moving northwestward, the cyclone failed to intensify into a tropical storm before making landfall in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas to the north of Tampico on August 28, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). After moving inland, the depression curved north-northwestward before degenerating into a surface low pressure area near the Mexico-United States border on August 29\.
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On November 6, 2013, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a broad low-pressure area over the southeastern Arabian Sea. Accompanied by bursts of convective activity, the low tracked generally westward over an area slightly favoring tropical cyclogenesis. Moderate wind shear offset the positive effects of upper-level outflow, though high sea surface temperatures aided further development. By November 8, organized banding features wrapped around the northwestern side of a consolidating circulation. Subsequently, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the disturbance as Depression ARB 01 at 1000 UTC, making it the first tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea during 2013.
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Haiyan becoming organized as a tropical depression on November 3 On November 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a broad low-pressure area about 425 km (265 mi) east-southeast of Pohnpei, one of the states in the Federated States of Micronesia. The system featured broken banding features alongside steadily consolidating convection. Environmental conditions ahead of the disturbance favored tropical cyclogenesis and dynamic weather forecast models predicted that a well-defined tropical cyclone would form within 72 hours. Early on November 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.
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A broad low- pressure area organized into a tropical depression over the southwestern Caribbean around 12:00 UTC on October 18. Initially moving eastward, the depression intensified into a tropical storm roughly 24 hours later. The cyclone then began to curve north-northeastward and move very slowly. Around 13:00 UTC on October 21, the system made landfall in Jamaica near the Morant Point Lighthouse with winds of 60 mph (100 km/h). The storm reached hurricane intensity early on October 22 and made landfall near Santiago de Cuba later that day with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).
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The low pressure area that is created by the movement of the trade winds, acts as a vacuum, drawing in the cooler, dry air from high pressure areas (divergence zones), creating a convection cell commonly known as the Hadley Cell. Sea surface temperature is directly related to the position of the Sun or the location of the "energy flux equator," thus the ITCZ shifts corresponding to the seasons. Due to the position of the Sun, the sea surface temperature near the equator (30°S to 30°N), during an equinox, is higher than any other latitudes.Krishnamurti, T.N.; Stefanov, Lydia; Misra, Vasubanhu (2013).
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Regardless, the system emerged over the Atlantic Ocean around 12°N on August 28, as represented by barometric pressure falls in Dakar, Senegal. Once over water, the system interacted with the Intertropical Convergence Zone and continued westward along an undulating path with no further organization. It was not until a United States Navy weather reconnaissance plane flew into the disturbance on September 4, while it was located east of the Lesser Antilles, that signs of development were apparent. Corresponding observations from ships in the region on September 5 confirmed the existence of a 1010 mbar (hPa; 28.23 inHg) low-pressure area.
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Fronts from low pressure area Nikolaus passed over Norway in the 24 hours before Hilde. These fronts brought close to extreme rainfall in Bergen on 15 November, and heavy rain across Western Norway which left many roads impassable as they were closed by landslides and rockfalls overnight 15–16 November. Norway's second-largest city Bergen, saw 60 mm of rain fall in 6 hours, Friday afternoon and evening. The calls generated overwhelmed the capacity of the city's emergency lines and Bergen municipality staff set up an alternate number to cope with incoming calls reporting flooding of homes and roads.
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A tropical wave about 1,150 mi (1,850 km) southwest of the tip of the Baja California Peninsula spawned a broad low-pressure area on July 10\. The low's circulation became increasingly well-defined as the tropical wave moved away from the system, leading to the classification of Tropical Depression Six-E at 12:00 UTC on July 12\. Gradually organizing as it crawled west-northwestwards, the depression intensified to become Tropical Storm Enrique 18 hours later. Despite being situated in a generally favorable environment, dry air to the northwest of Enrique entrained into its circulation, causing the system to struggle to intensify.
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A broad low-pressure area around 485 mi (780 km) south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas organized into Tropical Depression Eleven-E on August 16\. Moving on a northwesterly to west-northwesterly path, the cyclone failed to intensify due to its large circulation and entered an area of unfavorable conditions late on August 17\. Southeasterly shear, dry air entrainment, and cooler waters caused the depression to lose its deep convection and eventually degenerate into a remnant low by August 18\. The low turned to the north-northwest and dissipated two days later around 980 mi (1,575 km) west of Punta Eugenia.
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A powerful mid and upper level system brought terrifically strong wind fields aloft over the southern and central portions of the Great Plains region on March 28. This system was located over the Great Basin and tracked eastward into the central Rocky Mountains during this time frame. Ahead of the system, a dry line developed from a low-pressure area over extreme northeastern Colorado and the Nebraska Panhandle southwards into western Texas. Increasing south to southeasterly winds close and above the surface caused a progressively humid air mass to spread across the western portion of the Great Plains during the afternoon.
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The origins of Hurricane Ike can be traced back to a well-defined tropical wave first identified by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) just within the western coast of Africa on August 28.Berg, p. 1 Despite the development of a low- pressure area associated with the wave and signs of organization within favorable conditions near the Cape Verde Islands, the system was only able to generate intermittent thunderstorm activity. The broad low-pressure continued to track westward and was considered to have become sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on September 1\.
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The Louisiana hurricane of 1926 On August 20, a low pressure area producing unsettled weather in the western Caribbean Sea, and centered about west-northwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela, was determined to have become a tropical depression. However, prior to scientific reanalysis in April 2012 based upon a 1975 report, it was not believed to have done so until two days later. Moving west-northwest, the depression strengthened to a tropical storm on August 21, and then turned northwestward while strengthening steadily. After brushing Cape San Antonio at the western tip of Cuba on August 22, the cyclone then veered to the west-northwest.
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It made landfall slightly west of La Romana, Dominican Republic, around 08:00 UTC on September 27 with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Edith crossed the island in about eight hours and maintained hurricane status. However, the cyclone weakened over the Atlantic and eastern Bahamas due to further land interaction and a frontal low pressure area, which developed near South Florida a few days earlier and moved east-northeastward to a location about from Edith. As a result, the pressure gradient in the Bahamas region weakened significantly, disrupting the easterly flow north of Edith.
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The origins of Hurricane Irwin can be tracked back to an area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a low pressure area that developed several hundred miles to the south of Mexico. Moving towards the west and west-northwest, the low pressure quickly gained organization, and during the pre-dawn hours of October 6, the National Hurricane Center began issuing advisories on newly formed Tropical Depression Eleven-E. Later on October 6, Tropical Depression Eleven-E strengthened to Tropical Storm Irwin, and it became a hurricane the next day. The next day it weakened to a tropical storm.
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Typhoon Agnes originated from an isolated area of convection located near the equator on October 28\. Satellite imagery indicated a possible low pressure area near 149° E. Although the disturbance was not attached to the monsoon trough, an upper-level anticyclone became situated aloft, providing the system with strong ventilation. Midday on October 30, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system, with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgrading the system to a tropical depression on the same day. Late on October 31, shower activity increased drastically in both coverage and organization as the disturbance tracked northwest.
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Although wind shear was expected to limit intensification, the storm instead intensified and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) late on October 22, based on a ship report. At the time, most of the convection was sheared away from the center, and the storm was interacting with a low pressure area near Puerto Rico. The storm initially moved northwestward, before turning to the southwest along the low-level flow and into an area of increasing shear. On October 24, Sebastien weakened into a tropical depression, and it maintained this intensity until landfall on Anguilla.
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Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu () was a strong tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in India during June 2019. It was the strongest tropical cyclone to affect the Saurashtra Peninsula of northwestern India since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone. Vayu was the third tropical depression, third cyclonic storm and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, and the first of which to form in the Arabian Sea. Vayu originated from a low-pressure area that was first noted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on 9 June, near the northern Maldives.
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A cold front stalled and began weakening to the southeast of Bermuda on September 15, spawning a low-pressure area by September 18\. A stationary wind circulation developed around the low by September 19, aided by a trough aloft to its west. Convection developed into narrow banding features far from the center, and the overall structure gradually consolidated. It is estimated that the system developed into a subtropical depression late on September 20, about 490 miles southeast of Bermuda; it was classified subtropical because of the large distance between the convection and the center, uncharacteristic of purely tropical systems.
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On November 3, an area of scattered convection persisted about 860 km (535 mi) southwest of Mumbai, India, in the central Arabian Sea. The thunderstorms were associated with a weak and broad circulation, located in an area of low wind shear and warm water temperatures over , both favorable conditions. At the time, the system was located east of Cyclone Chapala, which had recently struck Yemen. On November 4, a distinct low pressure area developed in association with a mid- to upper-level low, while the region was in an active Madden Julian Oscillation phase favorable for storm development.
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In early June, a strong pulse of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) tracked eastwards into the tropical Indian Ocean, leading to increased cloudiness and rainfall across the region. On June 9, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) noted the development of a low-pressure area over the southeastern Arabian Sea, to the north of the Maldives. Early on June 10, a depression formed in the Arabian Sea, just northwest of the Maldives, and the IMD gave the storm the identifier ARB 01. As the system moved northward, it gradually strengthened, becoming a deep depression, before intensifying further into Cyclonic Storm Vayu later that day.
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A tropical depression off the east coast of Florida on October 14 In addition to the storms which attained at least tropical storm strength in 1940, five additional tropical depressions were analyzed by the HURDAT reanalysis project to have developed during the season. Due to their weak intensity, however, they were not added to HURDAT. On September 2, a closed low-pressure area was detected in the open Atlantic Ocean southeast of Bermuda and was analyzed as a tropical depression. At the time, the disturbance had a minimum pressure of at least 1015 mbar (hPa; 29.98 inHg).
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Later on September 10, a trough was detected in a similar region in the Atlantic where the first depression formed. The trough later became sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical depression. The cyclone moved slowly to the east and did not further intensify before dissipating on September 13. On October 7, a large elongated extratropical cyclone extended across the Atlantic Ocean with a pressure of at most 1015 mbar (hPa; 29.98 inHg). The following day, the low-pressure area became more narrow and well- defined, with its central pressure deepening to 1000 mbar (hPa; 29.53 inHg).
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Gustav shortly after being named on August 25 On August 18, 2008, a tropical wave which had left the coast of Africa five days previously, developed into a significant low pressure area about west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands. This wave moved westward across the Atlantic in conditions that were not favorable for development. As it began to approach the Windward Islands conditions improved and it showed some signs of organization, but no circulation. Upon reaching the windward islands on August 23, bringing showers, thunderstorms, and generally squally weather, wind shear over the system decreased and atmospheric conditions improved.
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The storm quickly weakened as it crossed Florida, and within hours the winds dropped to 40 mph (65 km/h). Reaching the Atlantic Ocean eight hours after moving ashore, Keith began to gradually re-intensify, and under the influence of a very large upper-level low pressure area over Newfoundland, the storm accelerated northeast. On November 24, the storm again reached its peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h), shortly before becoming an extratropical cyclone near Bermuda. Keith restrengthened and deepened into a powerful extratropical cyclone, attaining hurricane-force winds and a minimum pressure of 945 mbar (27.92 inHg).
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A low pressure area formed over the southeastern United States and moved towards the northeast. It moved out into the western Atlantic Ocean and followed the east coast of the United States to just east of New Jersey and south of New England. Southern Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Bristol County, Massachusetts and Cape Cod, Massachusetts received three to five inches of rain in 24 hours that flooded basements, roadways and low-lying areas. Over the interior of southern New England, cold dense air was entrenched at the surface, and a northerly wind continued to reinforce the cold air.
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It is difficult to explain the Cromwell current easily. At least two different mechanisms are at work in order to guarantee the constant eastward current: (a) Because the Cromwell current is located on the equator the Coriolis force is equal to zero and does not act upon a water parcel. This means that the east–west pressure gradient functions without being diverted from the high-pressure area in the west toward the low-pressure area in the east, simply following the gradient. The cause of the pressure gradient is at least partially the Trade winds blowing from the east westward.
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On October 18, the NHC began issuing advisories on Tropical Depression Twenty Four-E. Although the depression was located within an area of high wind shear, convection had managed to partially develop around the center of circulation. A ship nearby the system reported sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h); however, the winds were not considered to be representative of the actual intensity of the depression. Further intensification was not expected as the depression tracked in a northward direction Shortly after the first advisory was issued, convection rapidly dissipated, leaving an exposed low pressure area, devoid of shower and thunderstorm activity.
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On Thursday, March 17, a large and intense surface low pressure area over the Gulf of Mexico produced gale-force winds over the southern Florida peninsula. Above the surface, a strong low- level jet stream coupled with a large negative geopotential height—with heights measuring more than five standard deviations below normal—produced sufficient lifting and wind shear, both conditions conducive to severe weather. Due to the favorable conditions for severe weather, the National Weather Service office in Miami issued a tornado watch for South Florida effective the morning of March 17. The watch was canceled at 9:30 a.m.
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On February 29, 1952, a strong cold front extending down from a low-pressure area spanned from Southern Indiana and Central Ohio southwestward through Central Arkansas into North Texas. A strong upper level jet stream at the 200 mbar level was observed moving northeast out of Texas into the Tennessee Valley region with winds ranging from or more. A strong upper level trough at the 500 mbar level was also noted. The trough extended southeastward through the Central and Southern Plains states, where a second and third surface low had just combined behind the surface cold front.
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A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on August 13\. With a large swirl of low clouds and little convection, the system tracked westward for two weeks across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, before crossing Central America on August 22. On August 29, the system became better organized, consisting of a broad low pressure area and thunderstorm activity. The convection persisted and organized further, and at 0000 UTC on August 30 it developed into Tropical Depression Twelve-E about 600 mi (970 km) southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula.
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A low-pressure area east of Mariana Islands was upgraded to a tropical depression by the JMA late on May 10, shortly before the JTWC issued a TCFA. By May 12, deep convection was observed near its center as the JTWC began issuing advisories on the system giving the designation 04W. Roughly twelve hours later, it was reported that 04W had intensified into a tropical storm by the JTWC after satellite imagery had depicted on a well- defined center. Tracking in a course of a west-northwesterly direction, the system began to weaken as it started entering in an area of unfavorable conditions.
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By eight hours after landfall, Humberto weakened to a tropical storm as it crossed into southwestern Louisiana. Increased upper-level wind shear caused the storm to weaken rapidly over land, and late on September 13 Humberto weakened to a tropical depression. Upon issuing its last advisory, the National Hurricane Center remarked on the potential for the remnants of the storm to turn southward into the Gulf of Mexico. However, the storm continued northeastward through the southeastern United States, and on September 14, the storm began dissipating over northwestern Georgia, and shortly thereafter degenerated into a remnant low pressure area.
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As the troughs pushed eastward, frontogenesis along the trough and a resulting increase in moisture allowed for freezing rain to commence over areas of northern Florida and southern Georgia early on January 3. Later that day, rapid cyclogenesis led to the formation of a 995 millibar low-pressure area north of the Bahamas and east of Jacksonville, Florida, with cloud cover quickly expanding to the north and east ahead of the storm's center; consequently, the WPC began issuing regular storm summaries at 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. EST) on January 3. The blizzard developing off the coast of Florida.
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Tropical Storm Colin was a tropical cyclone that brought squally weather to Bermuda and caused extensive rip currents across the East Coast of the United States in August 2010\. The fourth tropical cyclone and third named storm of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, Colin developed as a tropical depression from a low-pressure area in the central Atlantic on August 2\. After forming, the storm initially strengthened gradually, attaining tropical storm status early on August 3\. However, due to its acceleration to the west-northwest, Colin was unable to maintain a closed circulation and subsequently degenerated into a trough later that day.
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On November 13, an area of low pressure located within the South Pacific convergence zone started to rapidly develop further. RSMC Nadi then declared the low pressure area: Tropical Depression 01F later that day, while it was located about 400 km (250 mi) to the north of Suva, Fiji. During the next day, the disturbance moved towards the southwest and onto the main Fijian Islands before convection surrounding the system started to weaken due to land interaction. The disturbance remained over the Fijian Islands until November 16, before RSMC Nadi issued their final advisory on the system as 01F had dissipated.
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During the second week of August, a weak low-pressure area, located east of Bermuda, became associated with a synoptic-scale trough. Moving west-southwestward, it interacted with an upper low and eventually developed into a small low pressure by August 13. After the low become very well-defined with a tight circulation and deep convection, it was designated as a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC that day, about 360 mi (580 km) southeast of Bermuda. As the depression curved west-northwestward along the weakening subtropical ridge, it intensified into Tropical Storm Gert early on August 14\.
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Furthermore, PAGASA provide names earlier when a low pressure area becomes a tropical depression, in contrast to international names that are only issued when a tropical cyclone reaches tropical storm strength (65 km/h and higher), due to the fact that tropical depressions can still cause flooding and other damage. When a named weather disturbance within the PAR has made or is expected to make a landfall in the Philippines, PAGASA is mandated to issue Severe Weather Bulletins (SWB) every three to six hours. If the weather disturbance is not affecting land, the weather agency has to issue SWBs every 12 hours.
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A tropical wave developed scattered convection in the central Caribbean Sea on June 24, while interacting with an upper-level low. It moved slowly northwestward, and remained disorganized due to strong upper level wind shear. Late on June 27, the convection became slightly better organized around a broad low pressure area, though land interaction prevented further development as it moved towards the Yucatán Peninsula. The area of low pressure became better defined over the central Yucatán Peninsula, and after the system turned to the northwest, convection quickly organized while located over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
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The origins of Cyclone Leon–Eline were from a surge of energy within the monsoon trough that crossed the equator from the northwest, which spawned a low pressure area on February 1 in the eastern Indian Ocean, about 250 km (155 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Bali. Associated convection, or thunderstorms, was initially sparse due to wind shear in the region. Over the next few days, the low tracked west-southwestward without much development, moving around a large ridge over northwestern Australia. An anticyclone over the system provided outflow, allowing convection to increase despite the wind shear.
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By early on June 21, a large extratropical trough spawned a low pressure area, which resulted in baroclinic activity. As a result, Agnes restrengthened into a tropical storm at 1800 UTC on June 21, while centered over eastern North Carolina. Three hours later, the National Hurricane Center noted decreasing atmospheric pressures, and indicated that winds had reached gale-force winds and once again upgraded Agnes to a tropical storm. By early on June 22, Agnes emerged into the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, where it continued to re-intensify. At 1200 UTC, Agnes reached its minimum atmospheric pressure of , as reported by a reconnaissance aircraft.
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Under the influence of an upper-air cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the Andaman Sea on October 6. It slowly consolidated and was upgraded to a depression by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on October 7. While over open waters, the depression continued to encounter a favorable environment, and a tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA) was issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), followed by IMD upgrading the storm into a deep depression. In the early hours of October 8, the JTWC started issuing its advisories for the system as it recorded tropical storm winds at the storm's centre.
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Typhoon Bavi, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Igme, was a powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall in North Korea in August 2020. The eighth named storm and third typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Bavi formed from a low pressure area depression on August 21 to the north of the Philippines and strengthened into a tropical storm on August 22. Bavi gradually strengthened as it skirted Taiwan and Okinawa, and became a typhoon on August 24. Passing over warm waters, Bavi turned to northwest and reached its peak intensity near Jeju Island on August 26.
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At 15:00 UTC September 11, the NHC noted the possibility of a low pressure region forming off of the Central American coast. At 6:00 UTC September 14, a low pressure area formed and slowly developed and by 15:00 UTC September 17, it developed into Tropical Storm Lorena off of the coast of Mexico. Lorena gradually moved northwest towards the coast of Mexico while strengthening and by 3:00 UTC September 19, Lorena reached an initial peak intensity of 75 mph. Interaction with land caused Lorena to weaken below hurricane status by 15:00 UTC September 19.
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A low pressure area formed on October 17 in the Arabian Sea west of India near the Lakshadweep islands. Around that time, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) anticipated that the low would eventually develop into a tropical cyclone. The low remained in the same general region for a few days, becoming well-marked by October 22\. The IMD classified the system as a depression early on October 24, upgrading it to a deep depression by later that day. On the same day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began issuing warnings on the system, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 04A.
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The tornado outbreak sequence of December 18–20, 1957, was a significant tornado outbreak sequence that affected the southern Midwest and the South of the contiguous United States on December 18–20, 1957. The outbreak sequence began on the afternoon of December 18, when a low-pressure area approached the southern portions of Missouri and Illinois. Supercells developed and proceeded eastward at horizontal speeds of , yielding what was considered the most severe tornado outbreak in Illinois on record so late in the calendar year. Total losses in the state were estimated to fall within the range of $8–$10 million.
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Based on the eye, it is estimated Carlos made landfall early on June 27 with peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h), about 60 miles (95 km) west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, or about 150 miles (245 km/h) east- southeast of Acapulco, Guerrero. As Carlos moved inland, it turned to the northwest in response to the anticyclone over Mexico, and it quickly weakened to tropical depression status. By 12 hours after landfall, there was little evidence of a circulation on satellite imagery. Late on June 27, Carlos degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area near Acapulco.
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On 31 May, an area of low pressure developed over the Eastern Arabian Sea and remained as a well marked low pressure area over the same region till the evening. It strengthened into a depression over east-central and south-east Arabian Sea in the early morning the of 1 June when it was centred about 340 km south-west of Goa, 630 km south-southwest of Mumbai and 850 km south-southwest of Gujarat. alt=Infrared satellite animation of Nisarga intensifying.Around noon on 2 June, the deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and thereby receiving the name Nisarga.
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Aside from the effect on temperature, UHIs can produce secondary effects on local meteorology, including the altering of local wind patterns, the development of clouds and fog, the humidity, and the rates of precipitation. The extra heat provided by the UHI leads to greater upward motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. In addition, the UHI creates during the day a local low pressure area where relatively moist air from its rural surroundings converges, possibly leading to more favorable conditions for cloud formation. Rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48% and 116%.
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On June 16, the IMD upgraded a well marked low pressure area (WML), located about 100 km east-southeast of Sagar Island, 150 km southeast of Kolkata and 150 km west-southwest of Khepupara (Bangladesh), to a depression, giving it the designation "BOB 02". On June 16, the depression intensified into a deep depression and crossed the West Bengal coast about 100 km east of Sagar Island. On the same day, at 1900 hrs UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). The system drifted further inland and the JTWC cancelled their TCFA the next day.
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To the east of this hot, dry air, buoyant maritime tropical (mT) air was advecting from the Gulf of Mexico. Simultaneously, a mid- to upper-level shortwave trough likely approached the northwest coast of the U.S. and moved rapidly through the persistent ridge then digging southeastward across the Great Basin and central Rocky Mountains and emerging in the Plains over Colorado. This initiated a "Colorado low" cyclogenesis. At 7 AM on March 18, the surface low- pressure area, at approximately , moved to far northeastern Oklahoma while the warm front shot north into the circulation where the front then extended eastward.
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A winter storm which affected much of the Northeastern United States as viewed on January 26 On January 23, a low-pressure area developed off the Pacific Northwest, before quickly moving over the Canadian Prairies by January 24. The storm system quickly moved southeastward into the Upper Midwest during the evening of January 24, taking a path typical of an Alberta clipper. As it progressed southward, the storm intensified, with frontogenesis occurring the next day. By noon on January 25, the upper-level low was centered near the border between Iowa and Missouri in correlation with a weak shortwave trough.
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On June 20, 1957, a combination of strong instability and vertical wind shear, high storm-relative helicity (SRH), favorable storm-relative flow (SRF), and lowered lifted condensation levels (LCLs) set up over the High Plains. Boundary-layer moisture was also present, which was enhanced via evapotranspiration (ET) and moisture convergence. A shortwave ridge then centered itself over the region and, despite only modest forcing, a trough spawned a low-pressure area over Southwestern North Dakota. It then moved northeastward into the central part of the state, where temperatures and dewpoints were in the lower 80s and lower 70s respectfully.
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Hurricane Dorian originated from a large tropical wave an elongated trough of low air pressure that departed from the western coast of Africa on August 19, 2019. Around that time, much of the wave's convection or thunderstorm activity was located inland near Guinea and Senegal rather than close to its center. Thunderstorms in the northern portion of the wave were limited by an abundance of Saharan dust in the region. While the wave traveled westward across the low latitudes of the Atlantic, it lost most of its convection before a low-pressure area developed on August 22\.
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On November 27, a surface storm with gale-force winds developed beneath an upper-level low pressure area, about 1150 mi (1850 km) east of Bermuda. At the time, a cold front extended eastward from the surface storm toward the eastern Atlantic Ocean, north of Tropical Storm Delta. By that time, tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated the possible development of a subtropical cyclone, and although they were inconsistent, National Hurricane Center (NHC) specialist Eric Blake stated, "blocking at high latitudes seems to favor another subtropical cyclone effort." The blocking referred to a ridge stretching across the northern Atlantic.
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Continued deterioration of the system caused rapid weakening, with Howard being downgraded to a tropical storm by 1200 UTC on September 4. Convection associated with the storm was separated from the center later that day. Early on September 5, Howard was further downgraded to a tropical depression and later degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area about 265 mi (425 km) west-southwest of Punta Eugenia, Mexico. The remnants of the hurricane continued towards the northwest before turning towards the southwest the following day as it tracked along the southeast side of a ridge of high pressure.
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Late on September 4, an area of low pressure developed to the southeast of Okinawa, Japan. Over the next two days, the system drifted north and developed a well defined LLCC with organized convective banding, prompting the JMA to upgrade the low pressure area to a tropical depression. On September 7, convection consolidated the low-level circulation center very well with tightly curved banding wrapped into it. Also, high sea-surface temperatures and very low wind shear caused the system to undergo rapid deepening, prior to which, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Kulap.
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A tropical wave departed from the western coast of Africa on May 29 and propagated westward across the Atlantic Ocean, eventually entering the Eastern Pacific on June 6\. Associated convective activity increased considerably on June 8 as the result of a nearby Kelvin wave. A low-pressure area formed the next day and continued to increase in organization, spawning a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on June 9, about 330 mi (530 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico. At that time, the storm was moving in a west-northwest to northwest direction around a mid-level ridge that was located over Mexico.
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The dissipating Tropical Storm Carlotta dragged a part of the ITCZ northward. This resulted in the formation of an area of thunderstorms on June 18, and after a tropical wave entered the region, a weak low-pressure area developed on June 21. The disturbance improved in organization over the next couple of days, forming a tropical depression on June 24 at 00:00 UTC, approximately 725 mi (1,165 km) south- southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula. Throughout the day, the storm was propelled northward by a mid- to upper-level low that was located to the west.
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On August 19, Tropical Depression 17-W formed at a usually high latitude of over 30°N from a westwards moving low pressure area. The compact system intensified as it moved west under the influence of the subtropical ridge to the north, with the JTWC upgrading it to Tropical Storm Tanya early the next day. Tanya continued to slowly intensify, reaching its peak as a 130 km/h (80 mph) typhoon on August 22. The next day Tanya began to recurve through a weakness in the ridge to its north and increasing wind shear weakened the storm.
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Late in August, a broad area of convection developed over a low pressure area in the Philippine Sea to the east of Luzon. The JTWC issued a TCFA for the developing system on August 31, and the disturbance developed into Tropical Depression 20W on September 1 as it moved to the west. The depression did not intensify as it moved to the northwest, brushing the northeast tip of Luzon on September 2. After entering the South China Sea, the system turned more to the west and reached its peak as a 75 km/h (45 mph) tropical storm.
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A tropical disturbance developed on September 10, in the western Philippine Sea but initially failed to develop as it interacted with Luzon. The disturbance passed over Luzon and entered the South China Sea, where it became more organized and developed into Tropical Depression 21W late on September 11. The system gradually strengthened as it moved northwest towards the Chinese coastline, reaching its peak as a 130 km/h (80 mph) typhoon as it turned towards Hong Kong on September 16. York made landfall to the west of Hong Kong soon after and dissipated into a low pressure area over China the next day.
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Early on June 22, northeasterly wind shear increased, and shortly thereafter the weakening trend was temporarily halted with some oscillations in the convective intensity and eye definition. Weakening continued on June 23 as the hurricane tracked over increasingly cooler waters, and shortly after 0000 UTC on June 24 Carlotta weakened to a tropical storm about 260 miles (420 km) west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas. Overall convection continued to diminish, and early on June 25 the winds dropped to tropical depression status. Deep convection ceased to exist by 0600 UTC on June 25, and Carlotta degenerated into a remnant low pressure area.
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Upon its emergence into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 5, Toraji quickly intensified into a tropical storm with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph); this would be the tropical cyclone's peak intensity for its entire duration. However, the JMA indicated that tropical storm intensity had been reached a day earlier. On the evening of July 5, Toraji made its final landfall on Dongxing, Guangxi before rapidly deteriorating inland and degenerating into a remnant low-pressure area by the following day. During its two-day duration, Toraji brought heavy rainfall to areas of southeastern China and Vietnam.
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After landfall, the storm steadily weakened due to land interaction, before weakening into a well-marked low-pressure area over Nagaland on May 31. A total of 31 people have been killed—9 in Bangladesh and 1 in Myanmar and 19 in Manipur Damage throughout all the affected countries totalled almost US$1.37 billion. Two people were reported killed in Malda district of West Bengal. Additionally, although not directly related to the storm, the precursor low of Mora strengthened the arrival of the monsoon, which caused heavy flooding in Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands that killed 208 people.
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A flight bound for BIA was diverted to Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport due to bad weather. With water levels on the Attanagalu Oya, Kalu Ganga, Kelani River, Maha Oya, Mahaweli River, Nilwala Ganga and Yan Oya rising, the Disaster Management Center (DMC) warned people living on river banks and low-lying areas in Badalgama, Dunamale, Giriulla, Hanwella, Horowpatana, Nawalapitiya, Panadugama, Peradeniya, and Ratnapura to be vigilant. The Meteorology Department advised that the low pressure area was moving away from Sri Lanka's rainfall would subside though heavy winds and showers would continue for a few days. Power failures were reported in several villages.
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Under the influence of a trough, a low pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on 14 May. It slowly consolidated as it paralleled the east coast of Sri Lanka, prompting the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify it as a depression on 17 May. Late the same day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA), soon after which the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm. Simultaneously, the IMD upgraded the storm to a Deep Depression, prompting the issuance of cyclone warnings for the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
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In early March 2002, tropical activity was minimal in the southern Indian Ocean, limited to an area of convection, or thunderstorms, located southwest of Diego Garcia along the monsoon. On March 4, a broad and elongated low pressure area developed within the system, although moderate wind shear in the region initially prevented significant development. The next day, the circulation became better defined, and after being nearly stationary for a few days, it began moving steadily to the west- southwest, due to a ridge to the southeast. On March 5, Météo-France (MFR) classified the system as a tropical disturbance, and later Tropical Depression 11.
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An eye feature formed, surrounded by a very tight ring of convection, and at around 1900 UTC on May 29 Alma made landfall near León, Nicaragua as a strong tropical storm. The storm quickly weakened after moving ashore, though a small area of thunderstorms persisted as it crossed into the mountainous region of southern Honduras. After passing near Tegucigalpa Alma weakened to tropical depression status, and at 1500 UTC on May 30 the cyclone dissipated near the border of Honduras and Guatemala. On May 31, after crossing Central America as a low pressure area, Alma's remnants moved into the Gulf of Honduras and spawned Tropical Storm Arthur.
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A low pressure area of non-tropical origins developed into Subtropical Storm Ana at 00:00 UTC on May 8, while situated about 175 miles (280 km) southeast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The system was classified as subtropical due to its involvement with an upper trough, as well as its large wind field. Throughout the day, convection progressively increased as Ana moved north-northwestward across the warm sea surface temperatures associated with the Gulf Stream. At 00:00 UTC on May 9, the cyclone attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 miles per hour (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of .
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Early on July 22, a tropical wave with an associated low-pressure area emerged off the western coast of Africa. Based on satellite data, the wave was upgraded to a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on July 23 while located about south of the Cape Verde Islands, and further intensified into Tropical Storm Dorian by 06:00 UTC the following day. The storm tracked swiftly west-northwest over warm ocean temperatures and within an environment of low wind shear initially, allowing it to attain peak winds of by July 25. However, the entrainment of drier mid- level air and cooler ocean waters caused a weakening trend.
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ESSA-8 visible satellite imagery of the September 1969 cyclone An unusually severe Mediterranean tropical cyclone developed on 23 September 1969 southeast of Malta, producing severe flooding. Steep pressure and temperature gradients above the Atlas mountain range were evident on 19 September, a result of cool sea air attempting to penetrate inland; south of the mountains, a lee depression—a low-pressure area in a mountainous region—developed. Under the influence of mountainous terrain, the low initially meandered northeastward. Following the entry of cool sea air, however, it recurved to the southeast before transitioning into a Saharan depression associated with a distinct cold front by 22 September.
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Shortly after, a trough situated along 50°W steered Betsy to a more northerly course. Another low- pressure area later formed in the trough, perturbing the ridge to the north of Betsy for much of its initial stages, causing the hurricane's central pressure to rise, despite an increase in sustained winds. However, on September 5, a shortwave forced the low northeastward, allowing for Betsy to strengthen further. Later on September 5, Betsy attained Category 4 hurricane strength, before subsequently reaching peak intensity the following day with winds of and a central pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg), based on reconnaissance flights into the system.
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The remnants of Alma continued westward near the Cayman Islands, and later turned to the north, passing over western Cuba. On May 24, the low pressure area reorganized as spiral rainbands became more evident on radar, and Alma was re-classified as a tropical depression. As the depression approached the Florida coast, radar imagery indicated the system remained well-organized, with a spiral band structure around an eye feature; however, wind shear limited convection and strength, and Alma moved ashore as a depression near Cedar Key on May 25\. It turned northeastward and moved across the southeastern United States, becoming extratropical in North Carolina on May 27\.
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The hurricane began as a tropical wave—a westbound low-pressure area—first observed southeast of Cape Verde on 29 August. Traversing the tropical Atlantic, the wave retained a minimum barometric pressure of about 1010 mbar (hPa; 29.83 inHg) and strengthened briefly the following day. By 1 September, however, the wave had become rather weak and indiscernible; it would remain as such for much of its early existence until 6 September, by which time it had moved past the Windward Islands. In this region the system became sufficiently organised to be classified as a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC that same day near Grenada.
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