Researchers in Germany have been working on the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae since the 290s.
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Investigadores en Alemania trabajan en el Thesaurus Linguae Latinae desde la década de 2100.
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Besides its taking over 125 years to complete, how is the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae different from other dictionaries?
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Featured Article: "Latin Dictionary's Journey: A to Zythum in 125 Years (and Counting)" Researchers in Germany have been working on the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae — a Latin dictionary — since the 1890s.
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En los 125 años que han transcurrido desde entonces, el Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL) ha atestiguado la caída de un imperio, dos guerras mundiales y la división y reunificación de Alemania.
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They're up to the letter R. The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae aims to show every single way anyone ever used a word, from the earliest Latin inscriptions in the sixth century B.C. to around A.D. 600.
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En Gould se imparten lecciones de piano; en A Capella Books se reúne un club de lectores de primeras ediciones de libros firmados; en Linguae, de Girona, se puede aprender a cocinar en alemán, italiano, francés e inglés; Hares & Hyenas, de Melbourne, es café y librería durante el día y local de actuaciones en vivo por las noches; Porter Square Books alberga una residencia de escritores locales en Cambridge, Massachusetts; la recién renovada Pynchon & Co. de Alicante, programa catas de vino y talleres de caligrafía; y Nollegiu ofrece paseos literarios por Barcelona (y convoca regularmente al club Jameson para comentar, al calor de un vaso de whisky, los más extensos clásicos de la literatura universal, desde el Tristam Shandy hasta el Ulises, pasando por nueve obras de Shakespeare o el Quijote).
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Carolus studied at the University of Groningen (161) and University of Franeker (1618) and followed classes at several more universities in the Dutch Republic as well as abroad. He wrote Linguae Hispanicae Compendiosa Institutio (1630), Front cover of Linguae Hispanicae Compendiosa Institutio. Linguae Italicae Compendiosa Institutio (1631), Linguae Gallicae Compendiosa Institutio (1634), and Een korte ende seer dienstighe onderwijsinge Vande Spaensche Tale. The last work, published posthumously in 1648, was the first grammar of Spanish written in Dutch.
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Available at wikisource.org A number of latter compilers have similarly not cited classical references when retelling the myth. The myth does not appear in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae,Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Available at degruyter.
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Ancient Philosophy. Volume 8, Issue 1, page 136. is also absent the myth.Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.
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His Locutiones seu Phrases in Novo Testamento, quae videntur secundum proprietates linguae Hebraeae remained in manuscript.
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She has performed in a large number of Greek plays and she understands –to varying degrees- twelve different languages. Two of McDonald’s projects are the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) and the Thesaurus Linguae Hiberniae. The TLG is a computerized compilation of Greek literature that McDonald founded and funded at the University of California, Irvine. Years later, she did the same thing in Ireland by founding the Thesaurus Linguae Hibernicae which computerizes Irish literature no matter what language they were actually written in.
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Until the 19th century, a thesaurus was any dictionary or encyclopedia, as in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Dictionary of the Latin Language, 1532), and the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (Dictionary of the Greek Language, 1572). It was Roget that introduced the meaning "collection of words arranged according to sense", in 1852.
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163 is interesting. Examples of bold language or metaphor: i.25, rupto iecore exierit caprificus, 60, linguae quantum sitiat canis; iii.
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Vergil published his first work in 1496. This was an edition of Niccolò Perotti’s Cornucopiae latinae linguae, a commentary on Martial's Epigrams.
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It was Bernstein's intention to publish an elaborate Syriac dictionary (Lexicon linguae Syriacae), of which, however, only the first part appeared (1857).
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793; Google Books. Gousset published a Hebrew lexicon: Commentarii linguae ebraicae (1702), later editions as Lexicon linguae hebraicae. He was also a defender of Cartesianism against occasionalism. He had known Louis de La Forge from early life, and had talked to him then on the underlying philosophical issues, and for this reason took him to be the founder of the occasionalist theory.
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Universalis Lingua Slavica - Universal Slavic language, also known as Vseslovanski jazyk ("All-Slavic language"), is an early example of a zonal constructed language for Slavs. It was created and published by the Slovak Ján Herkeľ in his works Elementa universalis linguae Slavicae and Zaklady vseslovanskeho jazyka in 1826.J. Herkel, Elementa universalis linguae Slavicae, Budae/Budapest, 1826, 164 pp.J. Herkel, Zaklady vseslovanskeho jazyka, Vienna, 1826.
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The Etruscan corpus is edited in the Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum (CIE) and Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae (TLE).Massimo Pallottino, Maristella Pandolfini Angeletti, Thesaurus linguae Etruscae, Volume 1 (1978); review by A. J. Pfiffig in Gnomon 52.6 (1980), 561–563. Supplements in 1984, 1991 and 1998. A 2nd revised edition by Enrico Benelli appeared in 2009; review by G. van Heems, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.01.
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Frontispiece of Gesner's Novus Linguae et Eruditionis Romanae Thesaurus, 1747. Johann Matthias Gesner (9 April 1691 – 3 August 1761) was a German classical scholar and schoolmaster.
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De orthographia linguae Belgicae (Lovanii, 1576). Antoon van Tsestich, Latinized Antonius SexagiusAntonius Sexagius. (died 1585) was a lawyer and author in the 16th-century Low Countries.
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Born in Llanferres, Denbighshire, the son of a weaver, he graduated from Jesus College, Oxford in 1594.John Davies of Mallwyd, National Library of Wales His name is traditionally associated with the parish of Mallwyd, Gwynedd, where he was rector from 1604 until his death in 1644. He is believed to have been the main editor and reviser of the 1620 edition of the Welsh translation of the Bible and the 1621 edition of the Welsh translation of the Book of Common Prayer. He published a Welsh grammar in Latin in 1621, Antiquae linguae Britannicae ..., and a Welsh–Latin Latin–Welsh dictionary in 1632, Antiquae linguae Britannicae ... et linguae Latinae dictionarium duplex.
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In different positions Stroux was a part of the international long- term project Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL), the most comprehensive dictionary of the Latin language as well as other similar projects. From 1934 to 1949 Stroux was president of the commission of the German academies for the TLL.Dietfried Krömer, Manfred Flieger(Hrsg.): Thesaurus-Geschichten. Beiträge zu einer Historia Thesauri linguae Latinae von Theodor Bögel (1876–1973). Mit einem Anhang: Personenverzeichnis 1893–1995.
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Ken-ichi Takashima (髙嶋謙一 Takashima Ken'ichi; born 1939) is, according to the editors of the Thesaurus Linguae Sinicae, "the world's leading authority on Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions".
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Very little is known about his life. He was born c. 1470–1480Etxepare, B. Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, Egin Biblioteka 1995. in the area of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port in Lower Navarre.
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The dictionary has 8,000 Vietnamese entries with glosses in Portuguese and Latin. The publication also incorporates a summary on Vietnamese grammar (Linguae Annamiticae seu Tunchinensis Brevis Declaratio) and codification of some contemporary pronunciations.
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An incomplete English translation of the work was published in London by Romaine in 1747. Calasio also wrote a Hebrew grammar, Canones generales linguae sanctatae (Rome, 1616), and the Dictionarium hebraicum (Rome, 1617).
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Dead or American supported many artists over a nine-year period, including Oxes, Maypole, Lapsus Linguae, Jetplane Landing, Marmaduke Duke, The Icarus Line, Reuben, Six.By Seven, Dogs Die in Hot Cars and Thoria.
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The PGM can now be searched in the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae database and various concordances and dictionaries have been published. The most recent addition was the book Abrasax, published by Nephilim Press in 2012.
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Opera mathematica, 1657His Institutio logicae, published in 1687, was very popular. The Grammatica linguae Anglicanae was a work on English grammar, that remained in print well into the eighteenth century. He also published on theology.
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Library of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae The stacks, in which each box contains numerous slips containing Latin writings, sorted into usage categories by word The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (abbreviated as ThLL or TLL) is a monumental dictionary of Latin founded on historical principles. It encompasses the Latin language from the time of its origin to the time of Isidore of Seville (died 636). The project was founded in 1894 by Eduard Wölfflin. At the time, the researchers thought it would take up to 20 years to complete the thesaurus.
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Adriaen Verwer (Rotterdam, c.1655–Amsterdam, 1717) was a Dutch Mennonite merchant, scholar, philosopher and linguist. He wrote books on language, religion and maritime law. He is best known for his grammar Linguae Belgicae, published anonymously in 1707.
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Kurz, Josef. Slovnik Jazyka Staroslověnskeho: Lexicon Linguae Palaeoslavonicae. 1958. kŭnędzĭ; , knyaz; , knyazĭ; ; ; ; ; etc., as it could be a very early borrowing from the already extinct Proto-Germanic Kuningaz, a form also borrowed by Finnish and Estonian (kuningas)."knez".
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Wylie was born in London, and went to school at Drumlithie, Kincardineshire, and at Chelsea. While apprenticed to a cabinet- maker, Wylie picked up a Chinese grammar book written in Latin (the Notitia linguae sinicae by Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare).
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Hue changed renamed the office of Secretary General "National Secretary" in an effort to refresh the party's image. He did become quite well known only a few hours later, when he uttered a famous lapsus linguae: I'm not nobody's pawn.
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This is especially true of the Outer Hebrides, where a slim majority speak the language. (2004) "1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census" (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008. The Scottish Gaelic college, , is based on Skye and Islay.. UHI.
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In his key work, Floris Italicae linguae libri novem (The Flower of Italian Language in a nine books) published in 1604, he collected many vernacular Italian proverbs and idioms, and compared and contrasted them with Greek and Latin. Floris Italicae particularly concentrated on proverbs and language from Tuscany and the high Maremma, and thus included many aspects of the ‘vulgar’ vernacular language which were to become part of the official Italian language at the time of the Risorgimento. Floris Italicae was re- publishedPignatti, F; Monosini, A. (2011). Etimologia e proverbio nell'Italia del XVII secolo - Floris italicae linguae libri novem, Rome: Vecchiarelli Editore.
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Robert Ainsworth, preface, Thesaurus Linguae Latinae compendiarius (London, 1751, 3rd edition), p. x; William King, Original Works (London, 1776), vol. 3, p. 102. Gouldman's dictionary was one of the works for which Cambridge University Press was most known in the 17th century.
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In the late 15th century, Geoffrey published the Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae which was the first English-to-Latin wordbook.Key Events in the History of the English Language - History of English Timeline - Language Timeline The Promptorium parvulorum is attributed to Geoffrey.
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Grammatica linguae sanctae at Google Books Conrad Gesner (d. 1565) was the first Christian to compile a catalogue of Hebrew books. Paul Fagius and Elia Levita operated the first Hebrew printing office in the 1540s. Levita also compiled the first Hebrew-Yiddish dictionary.
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The term is well established in its naturalization to English, which is why major dictionaries do not italicize it as a "foreign" term. Its plurals in English are lingua francas and linguae francae, with the former being first- listed or only-listed in major dictionaries.
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The most common place is the nose. Other common places are the forehead, the conjunctivae and the frenulum linguae. The amount of skin lipomas is not related to the severity of the midline clefting. Patients with the Pai syndrome have a normal neuropsychological development.
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Among his works may be mentioned his Grammatica Arabica (1748), published originally in 1613 and often reprinted; Rudimenta linguae Arabicae (1620); Grammatica Ebraea generalis (1621) Grammatica Chaldaea ac Syra (1628); and an edition of George Elmacin's Historia Saracenica, Arabice & Latine (History of the Saracens).
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Truck Five took place on 20–21 July 2002. As usual, the lineup was largely taken from the local music scene, including bands like Meanwhile, back in Communist Russia... and Eeebleee, but also with upcoming bands from further afield such as Lapsus Linguae. Other acts included were; Antonia, Black Nielson, Caretaker, Cat on Form, Chris TT, Dustball, Finlay, Edible 5 ft Smiths, Fonda 500, Goldrush, Jetplane Landing, Jim Crosskey, KTB, Lapsus Linguae, Lightyear, Luke Smith, Mountain Men Anonymous, National Prayer Breakfast, Pug, The Rock of Travolta, Rachel Dadd, Scott Parker, Six Ray Sun, 65 Days of Static, South Sea Company Prospectus, Toby Kidd, Torqmada and The Young Knives.
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Over 20,000 pages in length, it is divided into 22 volumes, with 676 index pages. Many of Galen's works are included in the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, a digital library of Greek literature started in 1972. Another useful modern source is the French Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine (BIUM).
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The fragments of Sophron are collected by H. L. Ahrens, De graecae linguae dialectis (1843), ii. (app.), and C. J. Botzon (1867); see also his De Sophrone et Xenarcho mimographis (1856). J. H. Hordern's Sophron's Mimes: Text, Translation, and Commentary, Oxford, 2004, is the most recent edition.
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1701, 8vo). Otho, in his grammars, adopted the plan and system of James Alting; they were therefore looked upon as a continuation of Alting's works, and reprinted with the latter's grammars in 1717 and 1730: Fundamenta punctuationis linguae sancte, and Institutiones Chald. et Syr.; Palestra linguarum Orientalium (ibid.
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A speech error, commonly referred to as a slip of the tongue (Latin: lapsus linguae, or occasionally self-demonstratingly, lipsus languae) or misspeaking, is a deviation (conscious or unconscious) from the apparently intended form of an utterance.Bussmann, Hadumod. Routledge dictionary of language and linguistics. Routledge: London 1996, 449.
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Gigha has historically been a very strong Gaelic speaking area. Both in the 1901 and 1921 census, the island was reported to be over 75% Gaelic speaking. By 1971, it had dropped to the 25-49.9% range.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901-2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint ) Linguae Celticae.
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In 2001 29% of the population of the island spoke GaelicMac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901-2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint ) Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008. and maintaining this heritage is one of the aims of the Comann Eachdraidh Lios Mòr, the Lismore Gaelic Heritage Centre."A Gaelic Heritage".
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His principal works were Institutiones ad Fundumenta Linguæ Hebraicæ (1737), Origines Hebraeae (2 vols., 1724, 1738), a second edition of which, with the De defectibus linguae Hebraeae (1731), appeared in 1761; Job (1737); Proverbs (1748); Vetus et regia via hebraezandi (1738); and Monumenta vetustiora Arabum (1740). He left unfinished Institutiones Aramææ (1745–49).
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They published "Bibliothèque des auteurs Grecs", "Bibliothèque des auteurs Latins", and "Bibliothèque des auteurs français", an immense collection of two hundred and fifty volumes. Their greatest work was a new edition of the "Thesaurus Graecae Linguae", of Henry Stephens, edited by Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, Dindorf, and Hase (9 vols., 1855–59).
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The book became highly popular, and within sixteen years twelve editions were printed. Estienne used the type he inherited and did not invent any new types. His most celebrated work, the Thesaurus graecae linguae or Greek thesaurus, appeared in five volumes in 1572. This thesaurus was a sequel to Robert Estienne's Latin thesaurus.
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In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature. The tradition of compiling "derivations" of words is pre-modern, found for example in Indian (nirukta), Arabic (al-ištiqāq) and also in Western tradition (in works such as the Etymologicum Magnum). Etymological dictionaries in the modern sense, however, appear only in the late 18th century (with 17th-century predecessors such as Vossius' 1662 Etymologicum linguae Latinae or Stephen Skinner's 1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae), with the understanding of sound laws and language change and their production was an important task of the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century.
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The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae underway in Munich is intended to be a complete historical dictionary of classical Latin. The International Union of Academies undertook in 1924 to compile a series of national dictionaries of Latin in each of its member academies; for instance, the British Academy produced the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources.
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Benbecula has historically been a very strong Gaelic-speaking area. In both the 1901 and the 1921 censuses, all parishes were reported to be over 75% Gaelic-speaking. By 1971, Benbecula and South Uist were classed as 50–74% Gaelic-speaking.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901-2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint ) Linguae Celticae.
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Skinner left behind him some philological treatises in manuscript, and they were edited by Thomas Henshaw and published in London in 1671, under the title of Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ.1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae: Seu Explicatio Vocum Anglicarum Etymologica Ex Proprils Fontibus Scil. Ex Linguis Duodecim. This work was the first important etymological dictionary of English.
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The copula linguae or copula, is a swelling that forms from the second pharyngeal arch, late in the fourth week of embryogenesis. During the fifth and sixth weeks the copula becomes overgrown and covered by the hypopharyngeal eminence which forms mostly from the third pharyngeal arch and in part from the fourth pharyngeal arch.
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Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī (, full name , also known under his Latin name Abulola Moarrensis;Or more often simply Abulola; see Catalogue of Arabic Books in the British Museum, vol. 1, 1894 (p. 115); Christianus Benedictus Michaelis, Dissertatio philologica de historia linguae Arabicae, 1706 (p. 25); in an English context: Charles Hole, A Brief Biographical Dictionary ( p. 3).
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He took great interest in the monumental Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, and it was chiefly owing to his efforts that the government of Saxony was induced to assist its production by a considerable subsidy. Classical character sketches (which appeared in the Rheinische Museum, of which he became editor in 1876) include Alazon (1882), Kolax (1885) and Agrockos (1885).
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Amongst the works of Drusius not to be found in this collection may be mentioned: #Alphabetum Hebraicum vetus (1584, 4to) #Tabulae in grammaticam Chaldaicam ad usum juventutis (1602, 8vo) #An edition of Sulpicius Severus (Franker, 1807, 12mo) #Opuscula quae ad grammaticam spectant omnia (1609, 4to) #Lacrymae in obitum J. Scaligeri (1609, 4to) #Grammatica linguae sanctae nova (1612, 4to).
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Henri Bebel criticized it in 1508 (Commentaria deabusione linguae latinae apud Germanos, Pforzheim). Desiderius Erasmus criticized in 1515 – in one of the symposiums Synodus grammaticorum – those priests who still read the Mammotrectus. The book was also criticized by François Rabelais (in Gargantua and Pantagruel) and Martin Luther (1524). Protestants rejected the book completely and it was quickly forgotten.
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The thyroid appears as an epithelial proliferation in the pharynx floor between the copula linguae and the tuberculum impar. This point later will be the foramen cecum. Later, the thyroid descends in front of the pharyngeal gut when it already has a belobed diverticulum shape. The thyroglossal duct keeps the thyroid joined to the tongue until it disappears.
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Sámuel Gyarmathi () (July 15, 1751, Kolozsvár — March 4, 1830, Kolozsvár) was a Hungarian linguist, born in Cluj (then Kolozsvár, Transylvania). He is best known for his systematic demonstration of the comparative history of the Finno-Ugric languages in the book Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata (1799), which rested on the earlier work of János Sajnovics.
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During a visit to Oriel College, Oxford, in 1928, Brink had the opportunity to familiarise himself with the British academia and the work of A.E. Housman.Jocelyn (1997) 320-5. He obtained his doctorate in 1933 with a dissertation entitled Stil und Form der pseudaristotelischen Magna moralia. For the next five years he worked on the staff of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae in Munich.
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Since 1998, Zuazo's work on the Basque dialects has drawn a new classification and a new map of these dialects—this has been a revolution in a field where few changes were made since Louis Lucien Bonaparte's works (1863).Erdozia Mauleón, José Luis: "Sakanerak", Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta, ISSN 0046-435X, Year no. 37, no. 98, 2005, pages. 59-78.
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A tongue frenulum piercing or the tongue web piercing is a body piercing through the frenulum underneath the tongue (frenulum linguae). These piercings are relatively simple piercings, and heal quickly, although they do have a tendency to reject over time. Depending on the anatomy of the individual, this piercing may not be feasible. A web piercing may be considerably painful.
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Gazophylacium Anglicanum is a dictionary of the English language first published anonymously in London in 1689; gazophylacium is a Latin word, borrowed from Ancient Greek γαζοφυλάκιον, meaning thesaurus. Current scholarship attributes this work to Richard Hogarth and identifies it as a translation of Stephen Skinner's Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae of 1671. The Gazophylacium Anglicanum was reprinted in 1691 as A New English Dictionary.Miyoshi, Kusujiro.
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In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen academy, he strongly encouraged the publication of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academy's Commission for Patristics.
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These voces magicae ("magic words") occur throughout magic texts and inscriptions,In addition to the PGM, charms are common in texts from late antiquity, including the collected pharmacological recipes of Marcellus of Bordeaux; Pseudo-Apuleius, Herbarius; Sextus Placitus, Liber medicinae ex animalibus; Hippiatrica; Physica Plinii; Pseudo-Dioscurides, De herbis feminis; and the Anglo-Saxon Lacnunga. See Blom, "Linguae sacrae," p. 127, note 22.
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The transverse muscle of tongue (transversus linguae) is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. The transverse lingual muscle is innervated by cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal. This muscle functions to narrow and elongate the tongue.
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In the Alpine region as a whole, there is evidence that the non-Celtic elements had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech.Alfoldi (1974), 24-25. According to Livy, the "sound" of the Raeti's original tongue (sonum linguae) had become corrupted as a result of inhabiting the Alps.Livy, Book V, 33.
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This was followed by substantial forced displacements and declining resident numbers. Today, it has over 3,000 inhabitants, and the main commercial activities are agriculture, malt whisky distillation and tourism. The island has a long history of religious observance, and Scottish Gaelic is spoken by about a quarter of the population.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae.
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Retrieved 6 March 2011. By the time of the 2001 census Kilmuir parish in Skye had 47% Gaelic speakers, with Skye overall having an unevenly distributed 31%. At that time Tiree had 48% of the population Gaelic-speaking, Lismore 29%, Islay 24%, Coll 12%, Jura 11%, Mull 13% and Iona 5%.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901-2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae.
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Corbeill received his B.A. from the University of Michigan and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Classical Languages from the University of California at Berkeley in 1990. In addition, he has held fellowships working on the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae in Munich, Germany, the American Academy in Rome, the Institute for Research in the Humanities at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and All Souls College, Oxford.
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The laryngeal orifice is behind the third prominence, which is surrounded by the arytenoid prominences. Later, the lateral and middle prominences join forming the first of the three parts of the tongue. The surcus terminalis linguae is a V shaped line that separates the body of the tongue from the posterior part. The corresponding nerve for the three prominences of the anterior tongue is the trigeminal nerve.
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The Societas Linguae et Theatri (SLT), formerly known as Codex Guild, is the English club of the Negros Occidental National Science High School. Similar to other academic organizations, its officers are chosen by other non-electoral means. The organization aims to help and improve the skills of the students leadership and teamwork. It also aims to improve the students knowledge towards English and Literature.
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The origin of this hoax is not clear. The author probably uses CNN and Apple Computer as a means to give more credibility to the story. The story is sometimes enhanced with linguistic-sounding arguments. It also has several obscure references to the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae project, a project undertaken by the University of California, Irvine for the purpose of digitizing all ancient and medieval Greek texts.
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However, although the Outer Hebrides have retained many Gaelic speakers, in the 2001 census only Skye (31%) and Tiree (48%) had more than 25% of the resident population able to speak Gaelic; Mull, Jura, Gigha and Coll each recorded figures of less than 15%.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census, PowerPoint Presentation made available via Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
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The seminary library began in 1986 with 7,000 volumes. The collection has been built into a major biblical and theological studies collection of over 350,000 volumes. The library collection is available online through the Voyager and Primo Systems of Ex Libris. The library provides access to a wide variety of research databases including ATLA, Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG)], Early American Imprints, Ad Fontes LIbrary of Classic Protestant Texts, and others.
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John Berkenhout (8 July 1726 – 3 April 1791) was an English physician, naturalist and miscellaneous writer. He was educated as a physician at Edinburgh and Leyden. While at Edinburgh he published a botanical lexicon Clavis Anglicae Linguae Botanicae. He published several works on natural history, including Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland (1769) and Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland (1789).
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Business analyst, linguist (PhD Ling. & App. Ling Melbourne, '99), and associate of the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, Nick Nicholas criticized Deffner's Tsakonian research methods in a linguistics blog post entitled "Michael Deffner: Scoundrel", published in 2009. Dr. Nicholas, also an electrical engineer, focused his doctoral research on electronic methods for analyzing the grammatical and syntactical structure of words and phrases in various languages, including his native Greek and its various dialects.
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Aristotle, Posterior Analytics, 90a8, 94a20 (original Greek text); Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1013a (original Greek text)Liddell, Henry G., Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. 1843. "αἰτιολογία." The Online Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon. Irvine, CA:Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. About a century before Aristotle, the anonymous author of the Hippocratic text On Ancient Medicine had described the essential characteristics of a cause as it is considered in medicine:Lloyd, G. E. R. 1979.
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Niels Ludvig Westergaard (1815-1878) Niels Ludvig Westergaard (27 October 1815 – 9 September 1878) was a Danish Orientalist born in København. He was the father of economist Harald Westergaard (1853-1936). Westergaard studied Old Norse and Sanskrit in Copenhagen, continuing his studies at the University of Bonn (1838 with Christian Lassen 1800–1876), and also in London (1839), Paris and Oxford. After returning to Denmark, he published "Radices linguae sanscritae".
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In 1565 appeared the first edition of his greatest work, Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, and this was followed by three other editions. John Aubrey in "Brief lives", gave the following glimpse into the creation of this dictionary: > Dr. Edward Davenant told me that this learned man had a shrew to his wife, > who was irreconcileably angrie with him for sitting-up late at night so, > compileing his Dictionarie, (Thesaurus linguae Romanae et Britannicae, > Londini, 1584; dedicated to Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, and Chancellor > of Oxford). When he had halfe-donne it, she had the opportunity to gett into > his studie, tooke all his paines out in her lap, and threw it into the fire, > and burnt it. Well, for all that, that good man had so great a zeale for the > advancement of learning, that he began it again, and went through with it to > that perfection that he hath left it to us, a most usefull worke.
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Mesgnien-Meninski moved to Poland around 1647. In 1649, when aged in his late 20s, he published in Latin a grammar and tutorial for learning the Polish language.Grammatica seu Institutio Polonicae Linguae, by Francisco Mesgnien, year 1649. The title translates as "Grammar or Tutorial on the Polish Language" and the book says on its title page that "etymology, syntax and all other aspects are carefully treated for the instruction of non-native-speakers".
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Despite recent declines, in the 2001 census more than 50% of the resident population in each island was able to speak Gaelic, for an overall total of 15,842 speakers throughout the archipelago.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census, PowerPoint Presentation made available via Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008. The modern economy centres on tourism, crofting, fishing, and weaving, the latter of which includes the manufacture of Harris tweed.
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In 1715, Laurence Echard's Classical Geographical Dictionary was published. In 1736, Robert Ainsworth's Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Compendarius turned English words and expressions into "proper and classical Latin." In 1768, David Ruhnken's Critical History of the Greek Orators recast the molded view of the classical by applying the word "canon" to the pinakes of orators after the Biblical canon, or list of authentic books of the Bible. In doing so, Ruhnken had secular catechism in mind.
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While in Pistoia he wrote a Greek grammar, which has since been lost. He also published a Latin grammar at Venice, which was very successful in its day but seems to have also been lost. Rhys' Cambrobrytannicae Cymraecaeve Linguae Institutiones et Rudimenta (1592) was the first grammar of the Welsh language written in Latin, the standard language of scholars at the time. It is dedicated to Sir Edward Stradling of St Donats, Glamorgan.
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In this report of Temperica requested publishing of the Illyrian language dictionaries and grammars. Based on this request, Kašić provided such a textbook: he published Institutionum linguae illyricae libri duo ("The Structure of the Illyrian Language in Two Books") in Rome in 1604. It was the first Slavic language grammar. In almost 200 pages and two parts ("books"), he provided the basic information on the Croatian language and explained the Croatian morphology in great detail.
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It is possible that this is an overly designed ethnographic description of an ancient wildlife strain in the areas near Himalayas.W. Tomaschek, RE I, 1, Sp. 16. According to another legend, Abarimon is mentioned as a landscape in Scythia, a valley of Mount Imaus, (which may be identical to Hindukush or the Himalayan Mountains). Later, Abarimon has been briefly described in Thomas Cooper's Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, as a tribe in the country Tataria .
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Its possible role as a language of trade between the Netherlands and Germany is often dismissed, but recent study indicates it may be a useful addition in international trade communications.Denge, G.J.M. ter. Linguae Intergermanica: The Use of Low Saxon, English, Dutch, German, and Receptive Multilingualism in Northern Dutch – Northern German Communication. 2012. As of 2015, language enthusiasts attempt to start up courses for the language and culture, especially in the Tweante region.
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In 1554, probably in Germany, he made a Latin translation of the Syriac 'Basilius-Anaphora' for Julius von Pflug († 3 September 1564), the last Catholic bishop of Naumburg-Zeitz. These were printed together with Masius' translation of the treatise De Paradiso of Moses Bar-Kepha. In 1571 Masius published his Grammatica linguae syricae as well as the dictionary Syrorum Peculium. Hoc est, vocabula apud Syros scriptores passim vsurpata, at the Plantin press in Antwerp.
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Thereafter he worked on his Scriptorum illustrium latinae linguae, the first history of the Latin language and its literature, which he had begun by 1425 but did not finish until 1437. He erroneously attributed a piece De puellis ("On girls"), perhaps De tribus puellis, to Ovid. In 1430 Sicco retired from public life. He spent his final years writing various tracts expounding religious arguments and died in Padua in 1446 or 1447.
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Joachim Latacz (born 4 April 1934) is a German classical philologist. Latacz studied Classical Philology, Indo-Germanic languages, Ancient History and Archaeology from 1954-1956 at the Martin Luther University of Halle- Wittenberg. He then studied Classical Philology, Ancient History and Philosophy at the Free University of Berlin, completing his first degree in 1960. From 1960–1966 was a research associate at the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae under Bruno Snell and Hartmut Erbse at the University of Hamburg.
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The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. Of the smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus), some join the submandibular duct; others open separately into the mouth, on the elevated crest of mucous membrane (plica sublingualis), caused by the projection of the gland, on either side of the frenulum linguae. One or more join to form the major sublingual duct (larger sublingual duct, duct of Bartholin), which opens into the submandibular duct.
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Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901-2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008. In September 2010, Comunn na Gàidhlig named Staffin as their "Gaelic Community of the Year", in the first year this competition has run.Staffin named as "Gaelic Community of the Year", Comunn na Gàidhlig Also in September 2010, Highland Council announced the launch of a consultation into a plan to convert the local primary into a Gaelic medium school.
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Bruno Snell (18 June 1896 – 31 October 1986) was a German classical philologist. From 1931 to 1959 he held a chair for classical philology at the University of Hamburg where he established the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae research centre in 1944. After studying law and economics at University of Edinburgh and University of Oxford, Snell gained interest in classical studies and finally changed his major to classical philology. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen in 1922.
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Reuchlin in his Augenspiegel declared them absurd. Both works have appendices giving the Hebrew alphabet in Hebrew and Latin type, rules of grammar and for reading Hebrew, the Decalogue in Hebrew, and some Messianic texts from the Old Testament. They are among the earliest specimens of Hebrew printing in Germany, and the first attempt at Hebrew grammar in that country by a Christian scholar. They were later published separately as Commentatio de primis linguae Hebraicae elementis (Altdorf, 1764).
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Kühn's edition runs to 22 volumes, 676 index pages, being over 20,000 pages in length. More modern projects like the Corpus Medicorum Graecorum have still to match the Kühn edition. A digital version of the Galenic corpus, largely taken from Kühn's edition but using newer editions where available, is included in the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, a digital library of Greek literature started in 1972. Another useful modern source is the French Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé (BIU Santé).
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This was to change, to a small extent, in schoolmaster Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, published in 1604. Though it contained only 2,449 words, and no word beginning with the letters W, X, or Y, this was the first monolingual English dictionary. Several more dictionaries followed: in Latin, English, French and Italian. Benjamin Martin's Lingua Britannica Reformata (1749) and Ainsworth's Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (1737) are both significant, in that they define entries in separate senses, or aspects, of the word.
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Flora MacDonald Monument Skye Museum of Island Life Kilmuir (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Mhoire) is a village on the west coast of the Trotternish peninsula in the north of the island of Skye. It is in the Scottish council area of Highland and is the only place in Scotland (apart from the Western Isles) where Scottish Gaelic is spoken by about half of the population.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census. (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae.
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One of the gymnasiums students was Martin Opitz, who wrote his Aristarchus, sive De contemptu linguae Teutonicae there, which presented the German language as suitable for poetry. In 1628 the school however was already closed again by imperial order, since the gymnasium was considered Calvinistic. 18th-century tenement houses Beuthen was fortified in 1616 by fortress master Andreas Hindenberger. During the Thirty Years' War winter king Frederick V allegedly stayed overnight on his flight from Bohemia.
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Among the general lexicons or glossaries are: Du Fresne du Cange, "Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae graecitatis" (2 vols., Lyons, 1688); Du Fresne du Cange, "Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis"; Forcellini, "Lexicon totius latinitatis" (Padua, 1771, often reprinted). "Thesaurus linguae latinae" (begun at Leipzig, 1900) # Palaeography, a methodical introduction to the reading and dating of all kinds of manuscript sources. It was first scientifically investigated and formulated by Mabillon, De re diplomaticâ (Paris, 1681).
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Fourmont's most notable work was his 1737 grammar of Chinese: Linguae Sinarum mandarinicae hieroglyphicae grammatical duplex patine et cum characteribus Sinensium. This work is simply a copy of Francisco Varo's earlier Chinese grammar, with the addition of Chinese characters. He became professor of Arabic in the Collège de France in 1715. In 1713 he was elected a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, in 1738 a member of the Royal Society of London, and in 1742 a member of that of Berlin.
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It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater horns of the hyoid bone. It then curves downward and forward, forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, and passing beneath the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle it runs horizontally forward, beneath the hyoglossus, and finally, ascending almost perpendicularly to the tongue, turns forward on its lower surface as far as the tip, under the name of the deep lingual artery (profunda linguae). It also supplies palatine tonsil.
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In 1837 followed his edition and translation of Jayadeva's charming lyrical drama, Gītagovinda and his Institutiones linguae Pracriticae. His Anthologia Sanscritica, which came out the following year, contained several hitherto unpublished texts, and did much to stimulate the study of Sanskrit in German universities. In 1846 Lassen brought out an improved edition of Schlegel's text and translation of the "Bhagavad Gita". As well as the study of Indian languages, he was a scientific pioneer in other fields of philological inquiry.
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Today, it is expected that the work will be completed around the year 2050. The last fascicle of the P-volume appeared in 2010, and work is currently under way on both N and R. The institution that carries out the work of the dictionary is located in Munich, in the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities.Holmes, N. Questions and Answers, Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. 12/7/2007. Wölfflin described the entries in the TLL as "biographies" rather than definitions.
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In 1904 he became a member of the corps of scholars preparing the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a unique distinction for an American Latinist, as was the publication of his critical edition, with German commentary, of Tacitus' Agricola in 1902 by the Weidmannsche Buchhandlung of Berlin. Gudeman married a German woman and, in 1917, received German nationality. Even after the seizure of power by the National Socialists, Gudeman remained in Germany. His son Theodore emigrated to Indiana in 1937, but Gudeman himself remained.
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The Android Market also currently offers the intermediate LSJ as an offline downloadable app for free or for a small price.Lexiphanes , David Finucane, iPhone Apps A CD-ROM version published and sold by Logos Bible Software also incorporates the Supplement's additions to the ninth edition of LSJ. A new online version of LSJ was released in 2011 by the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG). The TLG version corrects "a large number of typographical errors" and includes links to the extensive TLG textual corpus.
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It included songs by Loss Leader, Brendan O'Hare's Macrocosmica and Laeto. The compilation was funded jointly by the bands involved and the label itself, with resultant profits split equally between the contributing parties. Premeditation Vol:1 was followed in 2007 by Premeditation Vol:2, another collection of artists made along the same lines as the original, with the inclusion of two French acts. This second installment featured work by Lapsus Linguae, Gâtechien and Take A Worm For A Walk Week amongst others.
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The following year saw the appearance of his two folio volumes Commentariorum linguae Latinae. This work was dedicated to Francis I, who gave him the privilege of printing, for a ten-year period, any works in Latin, Greek, Italian or French, which were the product of his own pen or had received his supervision. Accordingly, on his release from an imprisonment occasioned by his homicide of a painter named Henri Guillot, also called Compaing, he began his typographical and editorial labours at Lyon.
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Close to the site, four inscribed columns were found dating to the Julio-Claudian period. Column A (now missing) read "Marspiter," or "Father Mars", in Archaic Latin. Column B reads "Remureine," which possibly means "In Memory of Remus." Column C reads "anabestas," possibly referring to a goddess named Anabesta,Internet Archive: Details: Thesaurus linguae latinae epigraphicae [microform] ; a dictionary of the Latin inscriptions or else to the Greek anabasio ("to go up"), interpreted as a reference to Remus' scaling of the Roman walls.
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In 1613-1614 and 1618-1619 he was on a mission in Bosnia, Serbia and Eastern Slavonia. In 1604 Institutionum linguae illyricae libri duo (the structure of the Illyrian language in two books; 200 pages) was published in Rome. Grammar is used as textbooks by Jesuits who have been sent on a mission in the Balkans. Bartol Kašić adopts the South Slavic dialect of grammar in Shtokavian, pointing out as such the subdialect of Dubrovnik that is everyday for him.
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Known as "Printer to the King" in Latin, Hebrew, and Greek, Estienne's most prominent work was the Thesaurus linguae latinae which is considered to be the foundation of modern Latin lexicography. Additionally, he was the first to print the New Testament divided into standard numbered verses. He was a former Catholic who became a Protestant late in his life. Many of his published Bibles included commentary which upset the Catholic theologians of the Sorbonne who sought to censor Estienne's work.
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Trésor de la langue grecque (re-edited in 1830) Henri Estienne (; ; 1528 or 15311598), also known as Henricus Stephanus (), was a 16th-century French printer and classical scholar. He was the eldest son of Robert Estienne. He was instructed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew by his father and would eventually take over the Estienne printing firm which his father owned in 1559 when his father died. His most well-known work was the Thesaurus graecae linguae which was printed in five volumes.
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The following year he assumed the title illustris viri Huldrici Fuggeri typographus from his patron, Ulrich Fugger whom saved him from financial despair after the death of his father.; Estienne published the first anthology that included sections from Parmenides, Empedocles, and other Pre-Socratic philosophers. Title page of Henri Estienne's 1572 Thesaurus Graecae Linguae In 1559, on his father's death, Estienne assumed charge of his presses and became Printer of the Republic of Geneva.Estienne, Henri, in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
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Irene de Jong was born in Leiden in 1957. She studied at the University of Amsterdam from 1978 until 1982, and taught Classics at the Stedelijk Gymnasium in Utrecht in 1982–83. In 1984 she worked as a research fellow at the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. She wrote her dissertation, 'Narrators and focalizers: the presentation of the story in the Iliad', at the University of Amsterdam under a grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) from 1985 until 1987.
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Feronia's name is derived from a Sabine adjective corresponding to Latin fĕrus, but with a long vowel, i.e. Fērōnǐa. The root fer has cognate words in every Indo-European language (e.g. Greek θήρ, θήριον) and is also the root of the Vedic god Rudrá’s name. Latin fĕrus means "not cultivated, untamed" (Thesaurus Linguae Latinae), "of the field, wood", "untamed", "not mitigated by any cultivation" (Forcellini Totius Latinatis Lexicon) which fits the environment of the sanctuaries of Feronia and is very close to rudis (rude).
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Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare (17 July 1666 – 17 September 1736) was a Jesuit missionary to China. Born in Cherbourg, he departed for China in 1698, and worked as a missionary in Guangxi. In 1724, after the Yongzheng Emperor virtually banned Christianity over the Chinese Rites controversy, he was confined with his colleagues in Guangzhou and later banished to Macau, where he died. His Notitia linguae sinicae, written in 1736 and first published in 1831, was the first important Chinese language grammar in a European language.
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The Etxepare Basque Institute is a public agency created by the Basque Government. The Institute is named after Bernat Etxepare, author of Linguae Vasconum Primitiae (1545), the first book to be published in the Basque language, or Euskara. The phrase that defines the Institute can be found in that first book: "Heuscara/Ialgi hadi mundura" (Euskara, go out into the world). The aim is to promote the Basque language, culture and creative talent internationally, and to build lasting relationships with other countries and cultures in these areas.
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Trade languages are another age- old phenomenon in the Caribbean linguistic landscape. Cultural and linguistic innovations that spread along trade routes, and languages of peoples dominant in trade, developed into languages of wider communication (linguae francae). Of particular importance in this respect are French (in the central and east Caribbean) and Dutch (in the south and the east Caribbean). After gaining independence, many Caribbean countries, in the search for national unity, selected one language (generally the former colonial language) to be used in government and education.
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One of the best printers of his time, Robert Estienne was asked to either compile a dictionary from the best Latin authors or make one himself; in 1531 he published Thesaurus linguae latinae, which is considered by some scholars to be the foundation of modern Latin lexicography. Moreover, this dictionary made Estienne the "father of French lexicography". He had worked on it for two years, with the assistance only of Thierry of Beauvais. It was 964 pages and was improved in 1536 and 1543 in three volumes.
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Wilson, Neil and Murphy, Alan "Destination Scotland". (pdf) Lonely Planet. p. 17. Retrieved 20 October 2012. Nonetheless, by 1971 most areas were still more than 75% Gaelic speaking – with the exception of Stornoway, Benbecula and South Uist at 50-74%.Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2004) 1901–2001 Gaelic in the Census (PowerPoint) Linguae Celticae. Retrieved 1 June 2008 In the 2001 census, each island overall was over 50% Gaelic speaking – South Uist (71%), Harris (69%), Barra (68%), North Uist (67%), Lewis (56%) and Benbecula (56%).
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The plica sublingualis, which is found in all primates, but is particularly small in lemuriforms, attaches the tongue and sublingua to the floor of the mouth. Tarsiers have a large but highly generalized sublingua, but their closest living relatives, monkeys and apes, lack one. The sublingua is thought to have evolved from specialized folds of tissue below the tongue, which can be seen in some marsupials and other mammals. Simians do not have a sublingua, but the fimbria linguae found on the underside of ape tongues may be a vestigial version of the sublingua.
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Basque remained until the late-20th century a language steeped in oral tradition and little use in writing, with its first written book attested in 1545, the Linguae Vasconum Primitiae. Basque was never used for official documents, and came to be gradually excluded as an oral communication language from governing, educative, administrative bodies, and finally also from Church. During the 20th century, scholars, writers and activists endeavoured to develop a long-discussed aspiration to create a unified, formal standard, which finally crystallized in standard Basque (euskara batua) as of 1968.
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Friedrich Karl Vollmer (14 November 1867, in Fingscheid, now part of Wuppertal – 21 September 1923, in Farchant) was a German classical philologist who specialized in Latin studies. He studied classical philology at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, receiving his doctorate in 1892. After graduation, he worked as a gymnasium teacher in Düsseldorf and Bonn and, in 1895, was named director of the German School in Brussels. In 1899, he relocated to Munich, where he was appointed head of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a project that was initiated by Eduard Wölfflin.
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This would change his course of work from that moment on. After his return home, he became a school teacher at Bundesgymnasium in Vienna, but in 1907 he moved to Munich, where he participated in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae project. In 1911, he returned to Vienna and took his career as a school teacher again. His first publication in the field of Albanian studies (together with Georg Pekmezi) was a teaching and reading book of Albanian (published in Vienna, 1913), Lehr und Lesebuch des Albanischen (Manual and Reader of Albanian).
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Although the OLD was intended as a replacement for Lewis and Short's dictionary from 1879, its lack of information about Latin writings from after AD 200 has drawn criticism from its users. Lewis and Short's coverage of late and ecclesiastical Latin (if inconsistent), combined with the fact that this dictionary is freely available online, has meant that it has remained in continuous use. The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae is far more ambitious than the OLD, but after more than 100 years only two thirds of this comprehensive dictionary has been published.
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Winckelmann's poverty may have played a part: the trade in antiquities was an expensive and speculative game. In 1763, with Albani's advocacy, he was appointed Pope Clement XIII's Prefect of Antiquities. From 1763, while retaining his position with Albani, Winckelmann worked as a prefect of antiquities (Prefetto delle Antichità) and scriptor (Scriptor linguae teutonicae) of the Vatican. Winckelmann visited Naples again, in 1765 and 1767, and wrote for the use of the electoral prince and princess of Saxony his Briefe an Bianconi, which were published, eleven years after his death, in the Antologia romana.
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Little is known about the life of Bernardo de Lugo, born late in the sixteenth century in the New Kingdom of Granada, where he became a Dominican friar. In 1615 De Lugo starting preaching in Chibcha after being appointed as magister linguae indorum. On August 1, 1617, friar Gabriel Giménez send him an omission to write a book on the Chibcha language and grammar. De Lugo finished his work early 1618 and the manuscript was sent to Madrid, Spain where it was edited by Bernardino de Guzmán and published in 1619.
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Floor of pharynx of embryo between 35 and 37 days after fertilization. In the development of the embryo, at 3–4 weeks gestational age, the thyroid gland appears as an epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharynx at the base of the tongue between the tuberculum impar and the copula linguae. The copula soon becomes covered over by the hypopharyngeal eminence at a point later indicated by the foramen cecum. The thyroid then descends in front of the pharyngeal gut as a bilobed diverticulum through the thyroglossal duct.
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Gheorghe Șincai Gheorghe Șincai (; February 28, 1754 – November 2, 1816) was an ethnic Romanian Transylvanian historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School. As the director of Greek Catholic education in Transylvania he brought a fundamental contribution to the process of promoting culture in rural environments. With Samuil Micu he composed the first written grammar of the Romanian language: Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae (The elements of the Daco-Roman or Wallachian language) (Vienna, 1780), in which he demonstrated the Latin origins of the Romanian language.
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The Catholicon (1287) by Johannes Balbus, a large grammatical work with an alphabetical lexicon, was widely adopted. It served as the basis for several bilingual dictionaries and was one of the earliest books (in 1460) to be printed. In 1502 Ambrogio Calepino's Dictionarium was published, originally a monolingual Latin dictionary, which over the course of the 16th century was enlarged to become a multilingual glossary. In 1532 Robert Estienne published the Thesaurus linguae latinae and in 1572 his son Henri Estienne published the Thesaurus linguae graecae, which served up to the 19th century as the basis of Greek lexicography. The first monolingual dictionary written in Europe was the Spanish, written by Sebastián Covarrubias' Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, published in 1611 in Madrid, Spain.Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, edición integral e ilustrada de Ignacio Arellano y Rafael Zafra, Madrid, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2006, pg. XLIX. In 1612 the first edition of the Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca, for Italian, was published. It served as the model for similar works in French and English. In 1690 in Rotterdam was published, posthumously, the Dictionnaire Universel by Antoine Furetière for French. In 1694 appeared the first edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française.
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Tarsiers, which are most closely related to monkeys and apes (collectively called simians), also have a well-developed but non- specialized sublingua. Simians, however, do not have a sublingua, although some, such as titis have a highly specialized frenal lamella (plica sublingualis). All primates have a plica sublingualis, and the fimbria linguae (plica fimbriata) found under the tongue of apes may be a vestigial version, although that is still disputed. The structure and appearance of the sublingua, frenal lamella, lingual frenulum, and other sublingual tissue vary greatly between primates, and as a result, their terminology is often confused.
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Heinrich Roth's Sanskrit grammar, that he had completed by 1660 in Latin language under the title Grammatica Linguae Sanscretanae Brachmanum Indiae Orientalis (the manuscript of which is preserved today at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Rome) and that was augmented by preliminary studies for a complete Sanskrit-Latin dictionary, made him a pioneering scholar in modern Sanskrit studies in Europe. Further works include studies on the Hindustani and Devanagari alphabets, on Vedanta and on Vishnu. Also, a total of 35 letters, written by Roth from India and during his travel back to Europe, survive at the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels.
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Paulino a S. Bartholomaeo ... (in lingua Latina), Romae, apud Antonium FUgonium, 1793. # Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, Sidharubam seu Grammatica Samscrdamica. Siddarupam. Cui accedit Dissertatio historico- critica in linguam Samscrdamicam vulgo Samscret dictam, in qua huius linguae exsistentia, origo, praestantia, antiquitas, extensio, maternitas ostenditur, libri aliqui ea exarati critice recensentur, & simul aliquae antiquissimae gentilium orationes liturgicae paucis attinguntur, & explicantur auctore Fr. Paulino a S. Bartholomaeo ... (in lingua Latina), Romae, ex typographia Sacrae Congregationis de Propaganda Fide, 1790. # Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, Systema Brahmanicum liturgicum mythologicum civile ex monumentis Indicis musei Borgiani Velitris dissertationibus historico-criticis illustravit fr.
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He was the author of editions of several classical authors, of which the most important were: the complete works of Cicero (2nd ed. 1869–1874); Clement of Alexandria (1831–1834); Euripides (1841–1867), in continuation of August Julius Edmund Pflugk's edition, but unfinished; Terence (1838–1840), with the commentaries of Aelius Donatus and Eugraphius. Mention should also be made of Handwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache (5th ed., 1874); Römische Litteraturgeschichte (1847), of which only the introductory volume appeared; an edition of the treatise Liber de Graecae linguae particulis (1835–1842) of Matthaeus Deverius (or Devares), a learned Corfiote (c.
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The Oxford Latin Dictionary (or OLD) is the standard English lexicon of Classical Latin, compiled from sources written before AD 200. Begun in 1933, it was published in fascicles between 1968 and 1982; a lightly revised second edition was released in 2012. The dictionary was created in order to meet the need for a more modern Latin-English dictionary than Lewis & Short's A Latin Dictionary (1879), while being less ambitious in scope than the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (in progress). It was based on a new reading of classical sources, in the light of the advances in lexicography in creating the Oxford English Dictionary.
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Emil Hübner. Ernst Willibald Emil Hübner (7 July 183421 February 1901) was a German classical scholar. He was born at Düsseldorf, the son of the historical painter Julius Hübner (1806–1882). After studying at Berlin and Bonn, he traveled extensively with a view to antiquarian and epigraphical researches.Hitz - Kozub / edited by Rudolf Vierhaus Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopaedie The results of these travels were published in several important works: Inscriptiones Hispaniae Latinae (1869, supplement 1892), Inscriptiones Hispaniae Christianae (1871, supplement 1900); Inscriptiones Britanniae Latinae (1873), Inscriptiones Britanniae Christianae (1876); La Arqueologia de Espana (1888); Monumenta Linguae Ibericae (1893).
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Diple periestigmene (dotted diple) according to the variants in the Proposal for the Universal Character Set by Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, 2003 Diple (, meaning double, referring to the two lines in the mark >) was a mark used in the margins of ancient Greek manuscripts to draw attention to something in the text. It is sometimes also called antilambda because the sign resembles a Greek capital letter lambda (Λ) turned upon its side. In some ways its usage was similar to modern day quotation marks; guillemets (« »), used for quotations in French, are derived from it. Isidore remarks in his Etymologiae (I.
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Wölfflin was born in Winterthur, Switzerland, and is buried in Basel. His father, Eduard Wölfflin, was a professor of classical philology who taught at Munich University and helped found and organize the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Wölfflin studied art history and history with Jakob Burckhardt at the University of Basel, philosophy with Wilhelm Dilthey at Berlin University, and art history and philosophy at Munich University where his father had taught. He received his degree from Munich University in 1886 in philosophy, although he was already on a course to study the newly minted discipline of art history.
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The following year, he became an assistant to the preparations of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and moved to Munich to carry out his new duties. He served in the positions of editor and author of the Onomasticum Latinum until 1911, by which time he had completed his doctoral work under Crusius. In the Fall of that year, Otto was offered and accepted a professorship at Vienna, where he met fellow philologist Hans von Arnim, and the two became close friends. Two years later, in 1913, Otto transferred to Basel, where he took up the position of Ordinarius.
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It does appear in the New Latin of Renaissance monastic schools in Europe with reference to the schoolmaster. The Thesaurus linguae Latinae of 1573 by Robertus Stephanus, a Parisian known to English authors as Robert Stephens, uses it to define scholasticus: vel Scholiarchus recte dicitur, qui in collegiis sacerdotum barbare vocatur, referring to the "colleges of priests." What he meant by barbare is not very clear, but if the reference is to the Jesuit schools (which educated priests) then he appears to have been under the impression that scholiarch was the original office. Stephens was a Protestant convert from Catholicism.
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De tribus puellis or The Three Girls is an anonymous medieval Latin poem, a narrative elegiac comedy (or fabliau) written probably in France during the twelfth or early thirteenth century. The metre (elegiac couplets) and theme (love) are modelled so thoroughly on Ovid (augmented with quotations from him) that it is ascribed to him in the two fifteenth-century manuscripts in which it is preserved.The poem may also be what is intended by the De puellis assigned spuriously to Ovid by Sicco Polenton in Scriptorum illustrium latinae linguae (c. 1430). Another Liber puellarum appears in Vat. Pal.
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On 28 June, Llywelyn ap Dafydd was captured. Edward triumphantly proclaimed that the last of the "treacherous lineage", princes of the "turbulent nation", was now in his grasp, captured by men of his own nation (per homines linguae suae).Note: Much has been read into this latter statement regarding Llywelyn ap Dafydd's betrayal, but it has to be taken in context with the other events of 1283, the fact that Llywelyn's father and brother had been taken, and the size of the army that had by now occupied Snowdonia. Welsh resistance to the invasion temporarily came to an end.
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His Arte de la Lengua Mandarina was published in Canton in 1703.For more about the man and his grammar, see Matthew Y Chen, "Unsung Trailblazers of China-West Cultural Encounter". Varo's grammar has been translated from Spanish into English, as Francisco Varo's Grammar of the Mandarin Language, 1703 (2000). This grammar was only sketchy, however. The first important Chinese grammar was Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare's Notitia linguae sinicae, completed in 1729 but only published in Malacca in 1831. Other important grammar texts followed, from Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat's Élémens (sic) de la grammaire chinoise in 1822 to Georg von der Gabelentz's Chinesische Grammatik in 1881.
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Chadic-speaking groups, including the Hausa, are found in more northerly parts of the region nearest to the Sahara, and Nilo-Saharan communities, such as the Songhai, Kanuri and Zarma, are found in the eastern parts of West Africa bordering Central Africa. The population of West Africa is estimated at million people as of . In Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, the nomadic Tuareg speak the Tuareg language, a Berber language. Colonial languages also play a pivotal cultural and political role, being adopted as the official languages of most countries in the region, as well as linguae franca in communication between the region's various ethnic groups.
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Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, Stephen Skinner, 1671. Quote (in Latin): "'". As for John Minshew, primero and prima-vista (', that is, first and first seen, because he that can show such an order of cards, wins the game), are two different games of cards.John Minsheu's 1617 Ductor in Linguas (Guide into Tongues) Whichever opinion these two seventeenth-century lexicographers might have had on the origin of primero, it seems fairly plausible that the game being played in different parts of Europe had to acquire similar names as it migrated from one country to another, or from one region to the other, notably in Italy and Spain.
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He was born of a noble family at Arnay-le-duc in Burgundy at the end of the fifteenth century. The circumstances of his education are sketchy, but it is known that he was attached to various noble houses in the capacity of tutor. In 1533 or 1534 Des Périers visited Lyon, then the most enlightened town of France, and a refuge for many liberal scholars who might elsewhere have had to suffer for their opinions. He gave some assistance to Robert Olivetan and Lefèvre d'Etaples in the preparation of the vernacular version of the Old Testament, and to Etienne Dolet in the Commentarii linguae latinae.
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Chinese has long had considerable dialectal variation, hence prestige dialects have always existed, and linguae francae have always been needed. Confucius, for example, used yǎyán () rather than colloquial regional dialects; text during the Han dynasty also referred to tōngyǔ (). Rime books, which were written since the Northern and Southern dynasties, may also have reflected one or more systems of standard pronunciation during those times. However, all of these standard dialects were probably unknown outside the educated elite; even among the elite, pronunciations may have been very different, as the unifying factor of all Chinese dialects, Classical Chinese, was a written standard, not a spoken one.
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His works included, aside from his own memoirs of the Bonnet trial, a lexicon of the psalms Clavis Linguae Sanctae (1719) and The Laws of the British Plantations (1721). For these, he was awarded a Doctor of Civil Law degree by Oxford University in 1720 and a Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Aberdeen in 1726. His last published work, The Laws of the Province of South Carolina (1736), included a collection of provincial laws during his time as colonial magistrate. It is considered one of the earliest and most important documents in early legal and judicial history of colonial South Carolina.
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One of his notable writings is the Institutiones linguae Germanicae (Rules of the German grammar) written in Latin for Hungarians, of which special edition was published in Halle in 1730 for Hungarian students studying in Germany. He also wrote a popular book, "Der ungarische Sprachmeister" (Hungarian language master), on Hungarian grammar for Germans. He mistakenly suspected that the Hungarian language was relative of the Hebrew one. In the one work of him whose name is "Literatura Hunno-Scythica" published in 1718, Bél endeavoured to prove that there existed, at one time, a Hun-Scythian alphabet, of which he thought that that must have been known to the Székelys.
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Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae online, retrieved 25-June-2012. By 1940 work on the Dictionary of the Egyptian Language was largely complete and work concentrated on research of the word files and indexes over the next 50 years. Since then, the amount of known texts discovered in pharaonic Egypt more than doubled and neither the dictionary nor the text files it was built upon represented the current state of research. The resumption of work on a new ancient Egyptian dictionary therefore became a priority among international Egyptologists. In 1993, a project to update the dictionary began at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities and became today’s Altägyptisches Wörterbuch.
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The Rylands Papyri collection held by the John Rylands University Library, is one of the most extensive and wide-ranging papyrus manuscript collections in the United Kingdom. It includes religious, devotional, literary and administrative texts. The collection includes 7 hieroglyphic and 19 hieratic papyri which are funerary documents dating from the 14th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. It also holds 166 demotic papyri, mostly dating from the Ptolemaic period, including the famous Petition of Petiese (pRylands 9)Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, G. Vittmann ed., P. Rylands 9, Demotische Textdatenbank, Akademie für Sprache und Literatur Mainz from the reign of Darius I of Persia.
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Considered his "greatest monument of Latin scholarship", he employed research assistants for the 1543 version: Andreas Gruntleus, Gerardus Clericus, and Adam Nodius. Page from Robert Estienne's 1549 Dictionaire françoislatin From his work on the Thesaurus linguae latinae, he published Dictionarium latino- gallicum in 1538 and Dictionaire francoislatin in 1540. These dictionaries were superior to others at the time because non-classical elements had been edited out; when determining words, they were checked for correctness and applicability in context; and citations were exclusively from classical authors. Furthermore, it applied consistency to word order since lexicographers disagreed about whether words should be ordered alphabetically or etymologically.
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The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) is a research center at the University of California, Irvine. The TLG was founded in 1972 by Marianne McDonald (a graduate student at the time and now a professor of theater and classics at the University of California, San Diego) with the goal to create a comprehensive digital collection of all surviving texts written in Greek from antiquity to the present era. Since 1972, the TLG has collected and digitized most surviving literary texts written in Greek from Homer to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 CE, and beyond. Theodore Brunner (1934-2007) directed the project from 1972 until his retirement from the University of California in 1998.
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Maria Pantelia, also a classics professor at UC Irvine, succeeded Theodore Brunner in 1998, and has been directing the TLG since. TLG's name is shared with its online database, the full title of which is Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: A Digital Library of Greek Literature (the TLG, in italics, for short). The challenge of this huge undertaking was originally met with the help of several classicists and technology experts but primarily thanks to the efforts of David W. Packard and his team who created the Ibycus system, the hardware and software originally used to proofread and search the corpus. Packard also developed Beta code, a character and formatting encoding convention used to encode Polytonic Greek.
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Baruch Spinoza's Opera Posthuma comprise his works that were published posthumously in 1677, the year of Spinoza's death, by some of his closest friends. Four of these are well known: the Ethica, the Tractatus Politicus, the Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione, and the Epistolae (letters by Spinoza to correspondents, expounding aspects of his philosophy). The fifth and final work of the Opera Posthuma is a grammar of the Hebrew language, Compendium Grammatices Linguae Hebraeae. Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being - expressing opinions sharply conflicting with the dominant Calvinist theology of his time as with the Judaism practiced by the Amsterdam Jewish community - was not included in the Opera Posthuma.
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Even if "Raetian" was the ancestral language of the Raeti, there is considerable uncertainty as to how widely "Raetian" was spoken among the tribes by the time of Augustus (ruled 30 BC - AD 14). In the Alpine region as a whole, there is evidence that the non-Celtic elements had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech.Alfoldi (1974) 24-5 According to Livy, the "sound" of the Raeti's original Etruscan tongue (sonum linguae) had become corrupted as a result of inhabiting the Alps.Livy V.33 This may indicate that at least some of the tribes lost their ancestral Raetic tongue to Celtic.
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The Greek–Spanish Dictionary (DGE) is a recent link in the long chain of European lexicographical tradition of general dictionaries of Ancient Greek, the first of which could be considered the Thesaurus Graecae Linguae of Henri Estienne (a.k.a. Henricus Stephanus, Paris, 1572). The Greek–Spanish Dictionary resumes this tradition at the level reached by its immediate predecessor, Liddell-Scott-Jones's A Greek–English Lexicon (LSJ) dictionary in its ninth edition (Oxford 1925-1940). Through many years, this project, carried out in the Department of Classics of the Institute of Philology at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Madrid, has received funds from the Spanish Ministry of Education in several ways, lately through Acciones Especiales.
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The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been "prescribed" for them in 1542 by Henry VIII. Bullokar wrote his grammar in English and used a "reformed spelling system" of his own invention; but much English grammar, for much of the century after Bullokar's effort, was written in Latin, especially by authors who were aiming to be scholarly. John Wallis's Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae (1685) was the last English grammar written in Latin.
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However, because Cantonese is one of the linguae francae of Guangdong, virtually all Taishanese-speakers in the province today also understand it. In fact, most Sze Yup people in Guangdong regard their own tongue as merely a differently- accented form of Cantonese. Standard Cantonese functions as a lingua franca in Guangdong province, and speakers of other Chinese varieties (such as Chaozhou, Minnan, Hakka) living in Guangdong may also speak Cantonese. On the other hand, Standard Mandarin Chinese is the standard language of the People's Republic of China and the only legally-allowed medium for teaching in schools throughout most of the country (except in minority areas), so residents of Taishan speak Mandarin as well.
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Varro Linguae Latinae 5.155; Festus L 174; Tacitus Annales 12.24 The photo of the excavated cave beneath the Domus Livia on the Palatine Hill, perhaps the Lupercal In 2007 the legendary Lupercal cave was claimed to have been found beneath the remains of the Domus Livia (House of Livia) on the Palatine. Archaeologists came across the 16-metre-deep cavity while restoring the decaying palace, with a richly decorated vault encrusted with mosaics and seashells. The Lupercal was probably converted to a sanctuary by Romans in later centuries. Many Others have denied its identification with the Lupercal on topographic and stylistic grounds, and believe that the grotto is actually a nymphaeum or underground triclinium from Neronian times.
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Though he is best known, as recorded in Daniel Defoe's A General History of the Pyrates, as the magistrate who tried notorious pirate Stede Bonnet in 1718, he was the author of several published books including a lexicon of the psalms Clavis Linguae Sanctae (1719), The Tryals of Major Stede Bonnet and Other Pirates (1719) and The Laws of the British Plantations (1721) for which he was awarded a Doctor of Civil Law degree from Oxford University and a Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Aberdeen. His final published work, The Laws of the Province of South Carolina (1736), chronicled the early legal and judicial history of Charleston up until 1719.
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Wiliems is best known for producing a Latin-Welsh dictionary in manuscript form (National Library of Wales, Peniarth 228), apparently between 4 May 1604 and 2 October 1607. He worked towards this by keeping a kind of commonplace book (Peniarth MS 188), which he systematised by essentially taking the Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae (1587) by Thomas Thomas, the first printer of Cambridge University, and adding Welsh to it. This was completed in 1607 and entitled Thesaurus Linguæ Latinæ et Cambrobritannicæ or Trysawr yr iaith Laidin ar Gymraec, ne'r Geiriadur coheddocaf a'r wiriathaf o wir aleitiaith Vrytanæc, sef heniaith a chyphredin iaith yn y Brydain, ar Latin yn cyfateb pob gair. Wedy dechreu i scriuenu 4.
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The dictionary was not published during Wiliems's lifetime, despite the efforts of Wiliems's friend John Edwards (of Plas Newydd, Chirk), who got part way through making a neater manuscript copy (Brogyntyn MSS 9 and 10). Wiliems left the manuscript of the dictionary to Sir John Wynn, who passed it to John Davies of Mallwyd, asking that Davies publish it, giving recognition to the author and a dedication to Sir John himself. John was already undertaking a Welsh-Latin dictionary and in the event published an abbreviation of Wiliems's Latin-Welsh dictionary in the second part of his own, which emerged as Antiquae Linguae Britannicae ... Dictionarum Duplex in 1632.Thomas Parry, Hanes Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg hyd 1900 (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1944).
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Sylburg 1816, col. 632; and it was still repeated 400 years later by Johann Scapula in his Lexicon Graeco- Latinum (1580), which was still in print in the 19th century.(Basel, 1580), col. 1416; (Oxford, 1820), col. 1343-44. The next century, Gerardus Vossius mentioned some who saw a connection to wheat, "because Pharaoh had heaped grain into them"; see Etymologicon linguae Latinae (Amsterdam, 1662), 422. Some hundred years later, George William Lemon would nuance the argument: "not that we are to suppose that the pyramids were ever intended for granaries; but that the Greeks, when ... they visited Egypt, and saw those amazing structures, looked on them as store-houses for grain"; see English Etymology (London, 1783), s.v. pyramid.
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At the time of the 1881 Census, when a question about Gaelic was included for the first time, there were still more than 70% in the parish with Gaelic as their first language, and even some with Gaelic as their only language.Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies, Volume 27: Siorrachd Pheairt & Sruighlea (Perthshire & Stirling) Linguae Celticae Regular church services were held locally in Gaelic up until 1930,Beauchamps, E, (1981), The Braes O' Balquhidder, Heatherbank Press. Today the generation which remembers native Gaelic being spoken is fast dying out, and any Gaelic speakers are likely to be either learners or incomers from Gaelic-speaking heartlands. To this day, though, "Church Gaelic" is based on the Perthshire Gaelic dialect.
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He was born at Groningen, where he studied for the church. He went on to the University of Leiden, applying himself specially to Hebrew and the cognate tongues. His thesis Dissertatio theologico-philologica de utilitate linguae Arabicae in interpretenda sacra lingua ("The Use of Arabic in the Interpretation of Scripture") appeared in 1706.Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation 2: edited by Magne Saebo, Magne SæbøGoogle Books The New Werner Twentieth Century Edition of the Encyclopaedia ..., Volume 21 After a visit to Reland in Utrecht, he returned to Groningen (1708); then, having taken his degree in theology (1709), he returned to Leiden, and devoted himself to the study of the manuscript collections there until 1711, when he became pastor at Wassenaer.
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Since ancient history, the Chinese language has always consisted of a wide variety of dialects; hence prestige dialects and linguae francae have always been needed. Confucius, for example, used yǎyán (雅言), or "elegant speech", rather than colloquial regional dialects; text during the Han dynasty also referred to tōngyǔ (通語), or "common language". Rime dictionaries, which were written since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, may also have reflected one or more systems of standard pronunciation during those times. However, all of these standard dialects were probably unknown outside the educated elite; even among the elite, pronunciations may have been very different, as the unifying factor of all Chinese dialects, Classical Chinese, was a written standard, not a spoken one.
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After spending time at the Ethiopian royal court, Bruce was the first to systematically collect and deposit Ethiopian historical documents into libraries of Europe, in addition to composing a history of Ethiopia based on native Ethiopian sources. Dillmann cataloged a variety of Ethiopian manuscripts, including historical chronicles, and in 1865 published the Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae, the first such lexicon to be published on languages of Ethiopia since Ludolf's work. An 1896 depiction of the Queen of Sheba (Makeda) Ethiopian historians such as Taddesse Tamrat (1935–2013) and Sergew Hable Sellassie have argued that modern Ethiopian studies were an invention of the 17th century and originated in Europe. Tamrat considered Carlo Conti Rossini's 1928 Storia d'Etiopia a groundbreaking work in Ethiopian studies.
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Though the dictionary containing his invention was ultimately lost, Cattaneo's tonal system was used in one of the earliest Romanisation systems, that of Nicolas Trigault, in 1626, and adopted in 1656 by Martino Martini in his, the earliest surviving, Western grammar of Chinese. It appeared again in Michal Boym's 1667 translation of Kircher's China Illustrata and it was Cattaneo's work that formed the basis for Étienne Fourmont's 1737 work, Linguae Sinarum mandarinicae hieroglyphicae grammatical duplex patine et cum characteribus Sinensium. Cattaneo was a capable musician and taught Diego de Pantoja clavichord in Nanjing. Pantoja, on orders of Emperor Wanli, subsequently passed on this skill to four eunuchs who were the first members of the imperial court to learn Western music.
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Association of Professional Piercers (APP) A tongue frenulum piercing is a piercing through the frenulum underneath the tongue, known as the frenulum linguae, and commonly the tongue web piercing. "Venom bites" is the term given to two tongue piercings placed side by side on the tongue, which are considered to be more painful than a regular tongue piercing through the tongue's center. Although the term "angel bite" is sometimes referred to as two piercings in the tongue with one placed right in front of another, the term is much more common for two Monroe piercings on either side of the face. There is also the "snake-eyes" which is one curved bar going horizontally through the tip of the tongue, it is mostly painless other than a mild amount of pressure.
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Aquitanian (in red) c. 200 BC including the area north of the Pyrenees Aquitanian and its modern relative, Basque, are commonly thought to be Pre-Indo-European languages, remnants of the languages spoken in Western Europe before the arrival of Indo-European speakers. Some claims have been made, based on supposed derivations of the words for "knife" (aizto), "ax" (aizkora) and "hoe" (aitzur) from the word for "stone" (haitz), claiming that the language therefore must date to the Stone Age or Neolithic period, when those tools were made of stoneJournal of the Manchester Geographical Society, volumes 52-56 (1942), page 90Kelly Lipscomb, Spain (2005), page 457 but this is not accepted by mainstream vasconists.S.F. Pushkariova, Primario e secundario en los nombres vascos de los metales, Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta, vol.
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The video shows some of his off-air bloopers, featuring his irate reactions to various problems (people unexpectedly entering the studio, various noises, illegible writing on the news sheets he receives, or simply his lapsus linguae). Such use of swearwords, blasphemy, insults and other rude language both in Venetian and Italian, as well as other humorous antics, have made this video into a viral video. Very quickly, many Internet forums discussing Mosconi appeared, as well as fan clubs in Italy and in other countries, and comic cartoons featuring Mosconi's voice. Despite the use of swearing and blasphemy being a common trait of several regions of Italy (including the north-east where Mosconi lived), deeply intertwined with local traditions and dialects, it is still usually frowned upon in formal (i.e.
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After 1934 after Engelbert Dollfuss took over, he retired as a longtime member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, enrolled at the age of fifty-three years back at the university, and studied this time Protestant theology, but was his dissertation was rejected for racial reasons, since his mother came from a Jewish family. In 1939, Lambertz moved to Munich, where he worked again until 1942 at the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. In 1943, he went to Leipzig, where he taught French and Italian at the Leipzig School for Foreign Languages. In June 1945, after had joined the Communist Party, he became director of the Leipzig "Fremdsprachenschule" (College of Foreign Languages), in 1946, Professor of Comparative Linguistics, and until 1949 the dean of the new Faculty of Education at the Karl Marx University.
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Scaliger then wrote a second oration (published in 1536), also full of invective. The orations were followed by a large amount of Latin verse, which appeared in successive volumes in 1533, 1534, 1539, 1546 and 1547. This verse appeared in numerous editions, but was less appreciated by later critics. (One of them, Mark Pattison, agreed with the judgment of Pierre Daniel Huet, who said: "par ses poésies brutes et informes Scaliger a déshonoré le Parnasse".) He also published a brief tract on comic metres (De comicis dimensionibus) and a work De causis linguae Latinae (Lyons 1540; Geneva 1580; Frankfurt 1623), in which he analyzes the style of Cicero and indicates 634 mistakes of Lorenzo Valla and his humanist predecessors, claimed to be the earliest Latin grammar using scientific principles and method.
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Edward Stradling wrote a history of the area, The Winning of the Lordship of Glamorgan out of Welshmen's Hands, which established the legend of the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan, including the inaccurate claim that the first Stradlings had arrived with William the Conqueror, rather than some 200 years later. He was also the patron of Siôn Dafydd Rhys and funded the production and publication of the latter's Cambrobrytannicae Cymraecaeve Linguae Institutiones et Rudimenta, the first Welsh language grammar to be published in Latin and thus widely accessible. During the English Civil War the Stradlings, prominent Royalists, supported Charles I and hosted the archbishop James Ussher, when he had to flee Cardiff. Three Stradlings fought at the Battle of St Fagans in 1648 and two were forced into exile after the King's execution.
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The creation of the library owes much to Agostino Michelazzi (1732-1820), a former Jesuit who built it up on behalf of Count Anton Georg Apponyi. The next major figure in the library's management was Karl Anton Gruber von Grubenfels (1760-1840), a lesser nobleman from Szeged who also authored a number of fiction works, poems and theater plays in German as well as a Historia linguae ungaricae (History of the Hungarian Language) published in Pressburg in 1830. Gruber appears to have been instrumental in persuading Count Anton Apponyi to move the library from Vienna to Pressburg in the early 1820s, and remained Librarian of the Apponyi Public Library until 1833. Franciscan friar and historian Vševlad J. Gajdoš (1907-1978) studied and preserved the Apponyi Library while working at the Matica slovenská between 1956 and 1958.
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His most important work is Theatrum poetarum (1675), a list of the chief poets of all ages and countries, but principally of the English poets, with short critical notes and a prefatory Discourse of the Poets and Poetry, which has usually been traced to Milton's hand. He also wrote The New World of English Words (1658), which went through many editions; a new edition of Baker's Chronicle, of which the section on the period from 1650 to 1658 was written by himself from the royalist standpoint; a supplement (1676) to John Speed's Theatre of Great Britain; and in 1684 Enchiridion linguae latinae, said to have been taken chiefly from notes prepared by Milton. John Aubrey states that all Milton's papers came into Phillips's hands, and in 1694 he published a translation of his Letters of State with a valuable memoir.
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If a university-trained playwright wrote the plays, it is hard to explain the many classical blunders in Shakespeare. Not only does he mistake the scansion of many classical names, in Troilus and Cressida he has Greeks and Trojans citing Plato and Aristotle a thousand years before their births.. Willinsky suggests that most of Shakespeare's classical allusions were drawn from Thomas Cooper’s Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae (1565), since a number of errors in that work are replicated in several of Shakespeare’s plays,. and a copy of this book had been bequeathed to Stratford Grammar School by John Bretchgirdle for "the common use of scholars".. In addition, it is argued that Bacon's and Shakespeare's styles of writing are profoundly different, and that they use very different vocabulary.Scott Mccrea, The Case for Shakespeare: The End of the Authorship Question, Praeger: Westport, CT, 2004. pp.
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Title page of 1693 version of Ars et praxis musica Liauksminas has written theological works (The Justification of the Catholic Church, Demonstratio Catholicae Ecclesiae, circa 1643, third edition - 1648), A Theology for the Church (Theologia ecclesiastica, 1665, second edition - 1675), first original Ancient Greek Grammar in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Summary of the Greek Textbook (Epitome institutionum linguae graecae, 1655). Most famous work of Ž. Liauksminas - An Oratory Practice and the Rules of the Rhetoric Art (Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae, 1648). In it he, making references to Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, criticizes the faults of the Baroque literary style - its pomp, fogginess, macaronics and praises sober mind, clarity of thought, structured language. An annex of this book - A Kernel of Dialectics (Medulio dialecticae) is an introduction to scholastic logic, introducing its main categories and thinking methods.
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Robert Constantin studied and practiced the art of medicine and was a pupil of Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558), with whose children he worked in publishing his Poetics (Lyon, 1561). He taught at the University of Caen, where he achieved a reputation as a Hellenist and physician and was alderman of Montauban from 1571, where he died in 1605. Among other works, especially philological (corrections of Dioscorides, Theophrastus and the De re medica by Celsus, an edition of Hippocrates and others of Ausonius), but also of bibliographic character (composed with Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), the first bibliography published in French soil, the Nomenclator insignium scriptorium, 1555). In lexicography, the Lexicon Graeco- Latinum (1562) was, along the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae by Robert Estienne, one of the most popular dictionaries for many centuries, whose composition was helped by Jean Crespin.
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Lazarraga's pastoral novel and set of poems (1567-1602) Debate on translation and Basque literature (2017) Literature in the Basque Country may refer to the literature made in Basque, Spanish, and French. Basque, historically the primary language of the territory at either side of current French-Spanish border, was not prone to be written until the early Modern Period, aside some short poems (Beotibarko gudua), letters (between Navarrese high-ranking officials in the early 15th century), loose phrases, and notations. Stories and poems were transmitted down generations by oral tradition. The official Spanish and French languages were preferred (often compulsory) for written works starting in the 16th century. However, the coming of the printer allowed for the first glossy Basque literary sprouts to spring up (Bernard Etxepare with Linguae vasconum primitiae, 1545; Joanes Leizarraga) in the mid-16th century.
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Besides the help he rendered Leibniz, of whom he edited the Collectanea Etymologica (1717) and prepared an affectionately respectful obituary (in Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, Journal für Kunstgeschichte, VII), he issued a number of independent works. His chief work, while professor at Helmsted, is his Historia studii etymologici linguae germanicae haetenus impensi Hanover, 1711), a literary and historical study of all works bearing on the investigation of the Germanic languages. At Hanover he compiled a Corpus historicum medii aevi (Leipzig, 1723), in two volumes; at Würzburg he published the Commentarii de rebus Franciae Orientalis et episcopatus Wirceburgensis (1729), also in two volumes. In 1725, Eckhart, along with Ignatz Roderick, in order of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg Christoph Franz von Hutten, reproduced the hoax of their fellow academic Johann Beringer, at the University of Würzburg, in the "Lying Stones" affair.
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He refuted them in his book 't Mom-Aensicht Der Atheistery Afgerukt, "The mask of atheism torn off", published in 1683. His Inleiding tot de Christelyke Gods-geleertheid, "Introduction to Christian theology", published in 1698, examines the relationship between scientific method and theology, and lays out his belief that religious differences could be resolved by a scientific approach. In 1707 Verwer published his Linguae Belgicae Idea, grammatica, poetica, rhetorica; deprompta ex adversariis Anonymi Batavi: in usum proximi amici ("Grammar, poetry and rhetoric of the Belgian language, from the notes of an anonymous Dutchman, for the use of a close friend"), in which he criticises the Nederduitsche spraekkunst of Arnold Moonen, published in the previous year and based on the work of earlier writers such as Joost van den Vondel. Between 1708 and 1710 Verwer defended the position he had taken in the work in a number of open letters.
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In June 1542 Bishop Gardiner, a discerning and intransigent man, as Chancellor of the University issued his Edict to all who recognized his authority that the sounds customarily used for the pronunciation of Greek or Latin should not be changed by anyone, and gave a list of them with phonetic explanations. He pronounced severe and potentially exclusionist penalties at all levels of the academic hierarchy for those who contravened this ruling, and further wrote to the Vice-Chancellor requiring that his edict be observed.J. Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials: Relating Chiefly to Religion and the Reformation of it, 3 Vols (John Wyat, London 1721), I, Appendix of records and originals, No. CXVI, pp. 326-27. Cheke, as one of the principal targets of Gardiner's disapproval, entered into a correspondence of seven letters with him,De Pronuntiatione Graecae potissimum linguae disputationes cum Stephano Vuintoniensi episcopo, septem contrariis epistolis comprehensae (N.
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16 Nov. 2013 He worked on the Iconography of Anthony van DyckHind, Arthur M., Van Dyck, his original etchings and his iconography, Houghton Mifflin company, Boston and New York, 1915 and completed some of the portraits for the later editions of the Iconography by adding a sculptural bust and pedestal."Title page of the Iconography with self-Portrait of Anthony van Dyck It is unknown whether or not this was van Dyck's intention."Self-Portrait of Anthony van Dyck from the Iconography Other prominent painters for whom or after whom he made engravings include Jacob Jordaens,Print of Vanity based on a design by Jacob Jordaens Abraham van Diepenbeeck,Jacob Neefs made, jointly with Andries Pauwels, the engravings based on designs of Abraham van Diepenbeeck for the first edition of the emblem book Linguae vitia et remedia, published by Joannes Cnobbaert in Antwerp in 1631.
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Modern written Chinese, which replaced Classical Chinese as the written standard as an indirect result of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, is not technically bound to any single variety; however, it most nearly represents the vocabulary and syntax of Mandarin, by far the most widespread Chinese dialectal family in terms of both geographical area and number of speakers. This version of written Chinese is called Vernacular Chinese, or 白話/白话 báihuà (literally, "plain speech"). Despite its ties to the dominant Mandarin language, Vernacular Chinese also permits some communication between people of different dialects, limited by the fact that Vernacular Chinese expressions are often ungrammatical or unidiomatic in non- Mandarin dialects. This role may not differ substantially from the role of other linguae francae, such as Latin: For those trained in written Chinese, it serves as a common medium; for those untrained in it, the graphic nature of the characters is in general no aid to common understanding (characters such as "one" notwithstanding).
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The form of private or personalized ritual characterized as "magic"Alderik Bloom, "Linguae sacrae in Ancient and Medieval Sources: An Anthropological Approach to Ritual Language," in Multilingualism in the Graeco-Roman Worlds, p. 124, prefers "ritual" to the problematic distinction between "religion" and "magic" in antiquity. might be conducted in a hodgepodge of languages. Magic, and even some therapies for illnesses, almost always involved incantation or the reciting of spells (carmina), often accompanied by the ritualized creation of inscribed tablets (lamellae) or amulets. These are known from both archaeological artifacts and written texts such as the Greek Magical Papyri, a collection of spells dating variously from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. Although Augustus attempted to suppress magic by burning some 2,000 esoteric books early in his reign,Hans Dieter Betz, "Introduction to the Greek Magical Papyri," The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, Including the Demotic Spells (University of Chicago Press, 1986, 1996), p. xli.
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It was edited and enlarged in 1548 by Thomas Cooper, Bishop of Winchester, who called it Bibliotheca Eliotae, and it formed the basis in 1565 of Cooper's Thesaurus linguae Romanae et Britannicae. His Image of Governance, compiled of the Actes and Sentences notable of the most noble Emperor Alexander Severus (1540) professed to be a translation from a Greek manuscript of the emperor's secretary Encolpius (or Eucolpius, as Elyot calls him), which had been lent him by a gentleman of Naples, called Pudericus, who asked to have it back before the translation was complete. In these circumstances Elyot, as he asserts in his preface, supplied the other maxims from different sources. He was violently attacked by Humphrey Hody and later by William Wotton for putting forward a pseudo-translation but Henry Herbert Stephen Croft (1842–1923) later discovered that there was a Neapolitan gentleman at that time bearing the name of Poderico, or, Latinized, Pudericus, with whom Elyot may well have been acquainted.
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The foundation participates and promotes forms of cooperation in the world of scientific research both by inviting other scholars and centers within its projects both by offering invitations and collaborating with the formation of scholars. Some of the principle experiences of research of the institute – the history of the second Vatican Council, the re-edition of the council decisions, the edition of the diaries of Roncalli, the dictionary of the historical – religious knowledge of the 20th century – have been made possible by the ties which common work has consolidated and which have become also the channels of formation for the new generation of scholars. Today the major scientific collaborations are those begun with: Bei Da, Beijing University for the exchanges and researches on the theme of Imago Dei; Chair Ben Ali, Tunis, for the research on Pacem in Terris; Ecole Francaise de Rome, Academy of Sciences of Moscow, Brown University, Pernambuco University, Excellenzcluster Münster, for the research on Pius XI to which collaborate Lucia Pozzi and Alberto Guasco; Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, Irvine, California, for the research on the councils.
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Between 1626 and 1649, Bonaventure and Abraham Elzevir published a bestselling series titled the Respublicae (commonly known as the Republics or Petites Républiques), the ancestor of the modern travel guide. Each of the thirty-five volumes in the series gave information on the geography, inhabitants, economy, and history of a country in Europe, Asia, Africa, or the Near East.Republics (or: Elzevirian Republics) (Elzevir) - Book Series List, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020. Jean, son of Abraham, born in 1622, had since 1647 been in partnership with his father and uncle at Leiden, and when they died Daniel, son of Bonaventure, born in 1626, joined him. Their partnership did not last more than two years, and after its dissolution Jean carried on the business alone until his death in 1661. In 1654 Daniel joined his cousin Louis (the third of that name and son of the second Louis), who was born in 1604, and had established a printing press at Amsterdam in 1638. From 1655 to 1666 they published a series of Latin classics in 8vo, cum notis variorum; Cicero in 4to; the Etymologicon linguae Latinae; and in 1663 a magnificent Corpus Juris Civilis in folio in two volumes.
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King Edward VI Grammar School at Stratford-upon-Avon Ben Jonson and Francis Beaumont referenced Shakespeare's lack of classical learning, and no extant contemporary record suggests he was a learned writer or scholar.; . This is consistent with classical blunders in Shakespeare, such as mistaking the scansion of many classical names, or the anachronistic citing of Plato and Aristotle in Troilus and Cressida.. It has been suggested that most of Shakespeare's classical allusions were drawn from Thomas Cooper's Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae (1565), since a number of errors in that work are replicated in several of Shakespeare's plays,. and a copy of this book had been bequeathed to Stratford Grammar School by John Bretchgirdle for "the common use of scholars".. Later critics such as Samuel Johnson remarked that Shakespeare's genius lay not in his erudition, but in his "vigilance of observation and accuracy of distinction which books and precepts cannot confer; from this almost all original and native excellence proceeds".. Much of the learning with which he has been credited and the omnivorous reading imputed to Shakespeare by critics in later years is exaggerated, and he may well have absorbed much learning from conversations.
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