This is -- this is like a legal form of cocaine.
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I pretty much use this as a legal form of identification.
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It's a legal form of abuse -- and it has to be stopped.
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When starting a business, deciding the legal form it will take is vital.
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Congress can resolve this problem and outlaw the last legal form of workplace discrimination.
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The context of the conversation is let&aposs create a legal form, let&aposs create a corporation.
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Legal types of travel One of the biggest changes is what constitutes a legal form of travel to Cuba.
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The 80-year-old grandfather goes there to play teer, the only legal form of gambling in Meghalaya state.
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All public places are closed and citizens cannot leave their houses without signing a legal form stating their purpose.
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But to conclude the withdrawal treaty, Britain and the EU must agree on language that gives this "backstop" legal form.
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The country has lots of different watchdogs, and who oversees what depends on a company's legal form rather than its economic function.
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Regardless of legal form, the fastest route to scale may lie in Jokowi's ambitious infrastructure plans and in loans to big companies.
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It is a legal form of punishment in South Korea, Poland and the Czech Republic, as well as in some U.S. and Australian states.
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The outlet discussed standards and policies to a local veterinarian, who told News 3 that a gunshot wasn't considered a legal form of euthanasia.
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This misunderstanding reflects a difference in cultural attitudes over a perfectly legal form of copying: imitating a successful business model and then tweaking it.
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Source: Google Trends This year, Japan's government recognized the digital currency as a legal form of payment, spurring a flurry of activity in new exchanges.
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In contrast to some governments' more heavy-handed approach, the Japanese government has recognized bitcoin as a legal form of payment and licensed several exchanges.
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Trade in the Japanese yen has taken a greater share of volume, sometimes about half, as local authorities recognized bitcoin as a legal form of pay.
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The legal form of the "Section 232" tariffs invoked by Trump would imply that the EU was a national security threat to the United States, she said.
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All they will do is agree to some form of clarification, decision or perhaps a joint interpretative text that would qualify but not change the treaty's legal form.
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But these firms reported numerous challenges, including the lack of a policy framework with no distinct formal legal form or recognized means to register as social enterprises in Ethiopia.
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It has the legal form of a mutual and is VBG's most important operating entity, with total assets of EUR244bn, equating to 768076% of the group's total, at end-2530.
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Until recently, the usual practice was to detain suspects using a system known as shuanggui, an extra-legal form of arrest that allowed party members to be held in secret for months.
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News that the SEC is reviewing that decision and the Japanese government's official recognition of bitcoin as a legal form of payment have contributed to the cryptocurrency's run higher of the last several weeks.
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"North Korea runs on a fairly low overhead [and] any legal form of income is useful to co-mingle and disguise the origin of illicit income," North Korean analyst Joshua Stanton told VICE News.
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In its less outrageous — and wholly legal — form, snowplowing (also known as lawn-mowing and bulldozing) has become the most brazen mode of parenting of the privileged children in the everyone-gets-a-trophy generation.
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Amid the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, the authorities together with banking and securities regulator CNBV said in a statement such currencies are not officially recognized in Mexico as a legal form of payment.
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Amid the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, the authorities, together with banking and securities regulator CNBV, said in a statement that the currency is not officially recognized in Mexico as a legal form of payment.
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"If there is a clear idea about what a social enterprise actually is, because they have adopted a legal form, it makes it easier," said Stefan Panhuijsen, policy director of Social Enterprise Netherlands, which is lobbying for reform.
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"France and Germany therefore consider that it would be appropriate to extend the scope of the CCTB Directive to make it compulsory for all companies subject to corporate tax, irrespective of their legal form or their seize," it read.
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What really matters—more than the specific doctrine of "corporate personhood"—is the people who stand behind the corporation, who have waged a long campaign to use the legal form to augment their political power and their economic might.
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End the gigantic loophole the Republican tax law opens up for tax avoidance through pass-through business structures, which threatens massive revenue loss and treats income from similar business activities differently depending on the legal form they take. 4.
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German Justice Minister Katarina Barley wants to change Germany's Transformation Act to give companies the opportunity to switch to a domestic corporate legal form using a merger procedure, the newspaper said, adding that between 8,000 and 10,000 companies were affected.
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FRANKFURT, Feb 12 (Reuters) - German publisher Axel Springer SE scrapped plans to change its legal form to KGaA, which would have allowed the company to take on new investors with little influence while keeping majority owner Friede Springer in full control.
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"The company's transformation would result in a change in its legal form without reducing the current rights of shareholders or other stakeholders, and without impacting the location of the company's head office or its centralized management in France," added Peugeot.
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Schmidt cross-referenced each step in the promession process against Kansas law in the hopes of answering what turns out to be a highly consequential question: Is vibration into bits a type of cremation, and therefore a legal form of disposition?
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Centeno said the ministers had reached a "broad deal" on the reform of the euro zone's rescue fund, the European Stability Mechanism, which would be put in legal form over the next six months and ratified by euro zone governments next year.
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"This decision from the government in the United States attempts to award a legal form to the sanctions in all the assets and properties of the Venezuelan state, constituting the most grotesque and shameless sacking in international relation's modern history," the statement said.
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"We need something which, whatever its legal form, has legal binding effect and changes the current meaning of the Withdrawal Agreement, and makes clear that it cannot be indefinite," Nigel Dodds, the leader of the DUP in the Westminster parliament, was quoted as saying.
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It told Switzerland's third-largest bank, which is owned cooperatively by 1.9 million customers and is not listed, to conduct a detailed analysis of converting into a limited company "since a company's legal form and group structure have a significant impact on corporate governance requirements".
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Now, that caudillo spirit is taking legal form in Trump's most serious power grab to date: the attempt to use a "national emergency" declaration — a power whose chronic abuse by presidents Congress has never bestirred itself to check — to build the border fencing that the Democratic Party and his own political impotence have denied him.
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Their main sources of income and their very livelihoods are being threatened (even cam shows, a legal form of sex work, are being curtailed) and abusive clients are even celebrating the desperation they see among sex workers, excitedly discussing how SESTA/FOSTA will mean that sex workers can be coerced into saying yes more often and lower their rates.
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Japan recognized bitcoin as a legal form of payment earlier this year, and bitcoin trade in the country now accounts for about half the volume of global trade, compared with about a quarter in the U.S. Now big retailers are joining the movement, as the cryptocurrency's legalization has encouraged them to partner with bitcoin exchanges and begin accepting the digital currency as payment.
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A delay would do nothing in itself to tackle the great sticking point of the "backstop", which seeks to prevent a hard border in Ireland by keeping the entire United Kingdom in a customs union with the EU. Geoffrey Cox, the attorney-general, and Stephen Barclay, the Brexit secretary, spent much of this week in Brussels trying to put into legal form EU undertakings that the backstop will be used only if necessary and that it is not intended to be permanent.
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I as its initial legal form, the company changed its legal form to S.p.A. in 1994, and to S.a.S. in 1995. Due to financial problems, Discomagic ceased its operations in 1997.
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The commodity form of exchange historically precedes the legal system which emerges from it. But it is not merely that the commodity form produces the legal form; it is that the commodity form exists prior to the legal form and that only with the full development of the commodity form is there the possibility of a fully developed abstract legal form at all.
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Article 950 specifies that the business name must indicate the legal form.
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The institute is organized as an NGO with a legal form of gGmbH.
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The vehicle registration plates of Togo is a legal form requiring the citizens of Togo to have the car registered.
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The vehicle registration plates of Benin is a legal form requiring the citizens of Benin to have the car registered.
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The vehicle registration plates of Gabon is a legal form requiring the citizens of Gabon to have the car registered.
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The vehicle registration plates of Niger is a legal form requiring the citizens of Niger to have the car registered.
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Cameroonian license plate The vehicle registration plates of Cameroon is a legal form requiring the citizens of Cameroon to have their cars registered.
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The Commission intends to launch a reflection on the opportuneness, the possible legal form, the contents and the legal basis for possible solutions.
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Arcep has the status of Independent Administrative Authority (IAA). This principal legal form that the legislator has most often chosen to build regulatory authorities.
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Not all funds are formed as corporations and the legal form of the fund structure does not remove the need for sound fund governance.
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The Institute of Sensory Organs is a research institute in Kajetany, Poland, established in 2008. Its legal form is presented by limited liability company.
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In 2015, the legal form of Hurtigruten was changed from ASA to AS. In October 2014, TDR Capital purchased a majority ownership of Hurtigruten.
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A societas unius personae (SUP; single-person company) is a legal form for a single-member private limited liability company proposed by the European Commission.
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The change of form is intended to ensure the influence of the family after a generational succession. In addition, the general partner of KGaA should be given the legal form of a European Company (SE). In March 2019, the generational transition was completed and the change of legal form to SE & Co. KGaA was completed. Jonas Haentjes has been the sole CEO ever since.
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In August 2008, the company changed its legal form to a limited company (German Aktiengesellschaft). Introduction of the VistaScan Mini image plate scanner followed in September 2009.
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In 2015, the German meat marketer changed its legal form to a Societas cooperativa Europaea. In 2018, OurPower, the first European cooperative based in Austria, was founded.
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Neuson and Kramer merged in 2001. In February 2009, Wacker Construction Equipment AG underwent a change of legal form and assumed its current name of Wacker Neuson SE.
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The vehicle registration plates of the Republic of the Congo is a legal form requiring the citizens of the Republic of the Congo to have the car registered.
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Apart from passports and a special-purpose 18+ card, a photo driver's licence is the only legal form of identification for buying alcohol, tobacco and fireworks in New Zealand.
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Commodity form theory is related to Marx's theory of commodity fetishism. Marx argued that the commodity was a fetishized form because the formal equality that the commodity form postulated was only an apparent equality. The legal form is blind to substantive human differences, just as the commodity form is blind to substantive differences in use value. Ultimately, the legal form, just as the commodity form, exists independently of the will of the individual.
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Launched as a virtual platform in 2008, MaCCI has become a Leibniz‐ScienceCampus as of January 2012.The institute is organized as an NGO with a legal form of GmbH.
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In December 1990 the enterprise was transformed into legal form of Share Company, owned solely by the Treasury of the State, and changed its name to REMA S.A. (REMA Share Company).
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Unlike most multilateral financial institutions, the FSB lacks a legal form and any formal power, given that its charter is an informal and nonbinding memorandum of understanding for cooperation adopted by its members.
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"Death Penalty Database: Iran", deathpenaltyworldwide.org, Cornell Law School, accessed 13 June 2016. It is also a legal form of execution in Qatar and Yemen, but the punishment has been suspended in those countries.
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So the defense would only be allowed where the degree of harm actually caused was a reasonably proportionate response to the degree of harm threatened. This is a legal form of cost–benefit analysis.
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The associates of a limited liability company (between 2 and 100) have not the quality of trader and may exercise within society gainful activity. As for any legal form, the partner has rights and obligations.
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Aktienbrauerei building in Kaufbeuren Aktienbrauerei Kaufbeuren is the oldest brewery in Swabia, Germany, the first written record about it is from 1308. Its legal form is a joint stock company with shares traded at Börse München.
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No matter what kind of legal form the company has, all of them are required to pay a corporate tax of 20 percent. That, you can find in the 4th article of the Afghan Income Tax law.
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Substance over form is an accounting principle used "to ensure that financial statements give a complete, relevant, and accurate picture of transactions and events". If an entity practices the 'substance over form' concept, then the financial statements will show the overall financial reality of the entity (economic substance), rather than the legal form of transactions (form). In accounting for business transactions and other events, the measurement and reporting is for the economic impact of an event, instead of its legal form. Substance over form is critical for reliable financial reporting.
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He later authored a book about Tolstoy. Maklakov gradually made a name for himself as a brilliant orator with "a profound veneration for legal form".Johnston, Robert Harold. New Mecca, New Babylon: Paris and the Russian Exiles, 1920–1945.
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Eurocity Bank in Frankfurt The Eurocity Bank AG is a fully licensed bank in the legal form of an Aktiengesellschaft. Its headquarters are in Frankfurt am Main, it is owned by Austrian shareholders and Euro Yatırım Holding A.Ş, Istanbul.
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Tandem BASE jumping is when a skilled pilot jumps with a passenger attached to their front. It is similar to skydiving and is offered in the US. Tandem BASE is becoming a more accessible and legal form of BASE jumping.
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Mutualization or mutualisation is the process by which a joint stock company changes legal form to a mutual organization or a cooperative, so that the majority of the stock is owned by employees or customers.. Dictionary.com Demutualization or privatization is the reverse process.
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Capital punishment in Kuwait is legal, as of 2019. The death penalty is enforced rarely, however, with the last execution occurring in 2017. Hanging is the method of choice for civilian executions, however shooting is a legal form of execution in certain circumstances.
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Kalinderu intended to disinherit his relatives and see his name praised after giving lavish donations to royal and academic institutions of culture; however, none of the wills were written in legal form, so that Kalinderu's wealth largely ended up going to his family.
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The SARL, whose legal character is somewhat ambivalent because they qualify neither as a personal corporation nor as a capital company, was developed in Germany (GmbH) by a law dating from 1893. The legal form of the limited liability company in France dates from 1925.
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After the death of her father in 1993 and the renunciation of her brothers Hans, Hubert and Markus, she took over the corporation in the legal form of a stock, together with Willi Liebherr. The only shareholders are family members of the Liebherr family.
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The Community legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) entered into force on 28 August 2009, with the Council Regulation (EC) n. 723/2009. This specific legal form is designed to facilitate the joint establishment and operation of Research Infrastructures of European interest.
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"Glimpses: Legal Form", Governing Magazine, May 2002, p. 15.Black, Graham. "At 59, she's high court's iron woman", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, January 26, 2002, p. A1. Ireland continued to lift and became a powerlifter, participating in competitions in the US, Europe, India, and South America.
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The Fidesco Group is one of the first and largest retail supermarket chains in Moldova. Fidesco Group was founded in 1992. Its main activity is import and retail/wholesale of food products. The legal form of ownership is a limited company, 100% owned by private capital.
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The Edekabank exists in the legal form of an incorporated company. Its stocks are registered shares with restricted transferability, which are not being traded at the stock exchange. Shareholders are the Edeka-Cooperatives (50,2 %), Edeka Zentrale AG & Co. KG (41,4 %) and the DZ Bank AG (8,4 %).
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In many countries, KDE has local branches. These are either informal organizations (KDE India) or like the KDE e.V., given a legal form (KDE France). The local organizations host and maintain regional websites, and organise local events, such as tradeshows, contributor meetings and social community meetings.
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Head v. Amoskeag Mfg. Co., 113 U.S. 9 (1885), was a U.S. Supreme Court case considering whether a dam constructed on privately owned land served a public purpose and whether having the owner of the dam compensate any adjacent landowner was a legal form of eminent domain.
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The credit organization registered on January 27, 1995, and as Restavraciastroybank (), but was restructured in 2001 into an open joint stock company. In September 2006, the name was changed and othe legal form became the one of a closed joint-stock company: «RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTION BANK» (CJSC «RUSSTROYBANK»).
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144 The reforms Willson advocated would later pass under a Democratic administration. The few accomplishments of this legislature included making electrocution the legal form of capital punishment and establishing of an eight-hour work day for public workers.Klotter, p. 217 Outside the state, Willson enjoyed somewhat higher esteem.
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Following Russia's annexation of Crimea the company was taken over by the Russian federal government with the legal form of a Federal State Unitary Enterprise. As of 2016 the shipyard is building a Karakurt-class corvette for Russia's Black Sea Fleet, with funds from the Russian National Commercial Bank.
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As Troplowitz kept networking internationally, the products became known worldwide. Dr. Oscar Troplowitz and his co-partner Dr. Otto Hanns Mankiewicz both died in 1918. Due to this, Beiersdorf had to change its legal form. Finally, on 1 June 1922 the stock company P. Beiersdorf & Co. AG was founded.
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Public bodies can subscribe for up to 20% of the capital. The status allows an association to convert into a co-operative without having to change its legal form. The relative rigidity of the structure, combined with the government's failure to grant tax relief, has limited its take-up.
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It was a privately managed company between 1994 and 2002, when the government intervened it because of a bankruptcy claim. The current state-designated comptroller who runs the company is Anibal Fernandez. Despite being under public administration since 2002, it still has a legal form of Sociedad Anónima.
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Stoning is a legal form of judicial punishment in UAE. In 2006, an expatriate was sentenced to death by stoning for committing adultery. Between 2009 and 2013, several people were sentenced to death by stoning. In May 2014, an Asian housemaid was sentenced to death by stoning in Abu Dhabi.
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On 1 September 2016, the private bank Merck Finck & Co changed its legal form, the Merck Finck & Co. oHG became Merck Finck Privatbankiers AG. In January 2020, KBL European Private Bank changed its name to Quintet Private Bank and Merck Finck has since carried the addition "A Quintet Private Bank".
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Among recognised academics in this field are Albert Dicey, Joseph Raz (building on thoughts by Friedrich Hayek) and Trevor Allan, who have proposed contrasting ideas about the scope of the rule of law: specifically, whether the emphasis is on legal form or substantive content and normatively if it should be.
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There is no commonly accepted legal definition across Europe for a foundation. There was a proposal for a European Foundation Statute, a legal form that would create a legal definition recognised across all EU Member States, however this proposal was withdrawn in 2015 following its failure to pass through COREPER 1.
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Legal form Akciju sabiedrība is well known in the Romano-Germanic law legal system countries, for example, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, Austria, Scandinavian countries. In Anglo-Saxon legal systems, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, similar forms are Public limited company (PLC) and Joint stock company (JSC), respectively.
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"Death Penalty Database: Iran", deathpenaltyworldwide.org, Cornell Law School, accessed 13 June 2016. It is also a legal form of execution in Qatar and Yemen, but the punishment has been suspended in those countries. In recent times, non-state Jihadist organization such as ISIS and Tawhid and Jihad use or have used beheadings.
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Petherick confirms that Philip confessed as much in a guarded conversation they had had a month later. The house servants were told which pen to fetch for Simon Clode if it looked like he was going to be signing a legal form, and they complied. The three children gained their rightful inheritance.
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Confiscation (from the Latin confiscare "to consign to the fiscus, i.e. transfer to the treasury") is a legal form of seizure by a government or other public authority. The word is also used, popularly, of spoliation under legal forms, or of any seizure of property as punishment or in enforcement of the law.
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The payout ratio for the Thai lottery is 60%, as compared with world- wide averages of 74% for bingo, 81% for horse racing, 89% for slot machines, and 98% in blackjack (basic rules). It is the most popular legal form of gambling in Thailand.Piriya-rangsan, S., et al. (2004). The Economics of Gambling.
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Typically, these groupings take the legal form of a Center for Research and Higher Education (Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, or PRES), though some have opted for other forms of organization. Paris Universitas was one of the two new large university centers in the city of Paris, along with Paris Centre Universités.
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The EuroSpec consortium, as a merger of a number of legally and economically independent companies that remain for the temporary introduction of an agreed purpose of the operation, is not the chosen legal form and therefore EuroSpec has no official headquarters either. Informally, the headquarters of the incumbent president is the location.
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A European Private Company (, SPE) is a legal form for a limited liability company that is being proposed by the European Commission to be introduced across the European Union. It forms a company of limited liability, similar to the English limited company, the Austrian or the German GmbH, the Dutch BV, the Belgian BVBA or the French SARL. The aim of the proposal is to remove the current need for limited companies to reincorporate themselves in the corresponding legal form in all the EU member countries in which they want to trade, which represents a substantial administrative burden for small and medium enterprises. It was proposed that the SPE company form be introduced across the EU and EEA area from July 2010.
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The House of Assembly is a legal form of Haida National government. This group has the right to pass laws which align with the Constitution of the Haida Nation. The House of Assembly meet yearly with the Council of the Haida Nation. These meetings occur in October during the third week of the month.
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Currently over 16,600 businesses are registered. After legal form a share is the great farms, individual companies and limited liability companies. Agricultural land is 49,970.8 ha (46.1%) of total land area. Arable land is 45,181.3 ha (41.7%) of the total agricultural land, of which: plantations of orchards – 2951.7 ha (2.7%), vineyards – 1534.1 (1.4%) ha.
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On 16 August 1971, the State Pharmaceutical companies transition Kimia Farma's legal form into State Owned status as a Limited Liability Company, becoming PT. Kimia Farma (Persero). In 1998, the Asian economic crisis resulted in the state budget experiencing growing national debt. To reduce the burden of debt, the government began privatizating state-owned firms.
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The Francqui Foundation was founded in 1932 by Emile Francqui and Herbert Hoover with the goal "to further the development of higher education and scientific research in Belgium". The foundation is a private foundation under the legal form of a Belgian "Institution of Public Utility". The Francqui Foundation wants to encourage the prestige of disinterested fundamental research.
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The vehicle registration plates of São Tomé and Príncipe is a legal form requiring the citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe to have the car registered. The license plate São Tomé and Príncipe repeated former Portuguese standard «STP-00-00». Since 2001, this combination added suffix with one letter. The current standard has the form «STP-12-34A».
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A construction soldier (, BS) was a non-combat role of the National People's Army, the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), from 1964 to 1990. Bausoldaten were conscientious objectors who accepted conscription but refused armed service and instead served in unarmed construction units. Bausoldaten were the only legal form of conscientious objection in the Warsaw Pact.
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This practice of collective purchasing for the benefit of members has led many to consider Fenwick Weavers' Society the first co-operative. The Society was reconvened in March 2008 and has been reconstituted as a co-operative, in legal form as an industrial and provident society, in order to record, collect and commemorate the heritage of the Fenwick Weavers.
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The Latvian-British Chamber of Commerce legal form is a "company by guarantee". It is a UK-based NGO and has been created as a social enterprise. Latvian-British Chamber of Commerce provides various digital products and services to its members (companies and individuals) and invests back into society for social good through different projects and activities.
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The Südwestbank was originally founded in 1922 as Württembergische Landwirtschaftsbank GmbH in Stuttgart. In 1954 it was continued as Südwestdeutsche Landwirtschaftsbank GmbH. From the year 1964, it traded as Südwestbank GmbH. By changing the legal form in 1970 it became the Südwestbank AG. Organizationally, the bank was connected to the Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken (BVR).
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In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland the domain .ag for Antigua and Barbuda is used by corporations in the legal form of Aktiengesellschaft (commonly abbreviated as AG). The American Samoa domain .as is popular in countries where AS, A/S (or ⅍) (Aktieselskab/Aksjeselskap) is the legal suffix for stock-based corporations in Denmark and Norway, so companies of those countries often use it.
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Islamabad: International Institute of Islamic Economics and International Islamic University. According to al-Shatibi, the legal ends of Islamic law "are the benefits intended by the law. Thus, one who keeps legal form while squandering its substance does not follow the law."Al-Raysuni, A. (1997) Nazariyyat Al-Maqasid ‘inda Al-Imam Al-Shatibi (Dar Al-Kalimah, Mansoura, Egypt, p. 129).
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Filling is the administrative act of filling public office in Brazil regulated by Law No. 8112 of November 11, 1990 [1]. Under the legislation, the provision may be given by appointment, promotion, rehabilitation, recovery, reintegration and renewal. Each of these forms of provision has a special significance in public administration and specify the legal form of access to public office in Brazil.
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But one disadvantage of the form for larger charities is that, unlike for charitable companies, there is no public register of lenders' charges over the corporation's assets, and this can make it harder to arrange finance. Almost any existing charity, including charitable companies, can convert to a CIO. Once a CIO there is currently no means of converting to any other legal form.
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RTL Group S.A. is the parent company of the entire corporate group. Its legal form is a société anonyme, a public limited company under Luxembourg law. It was entered into the Luxembourg Trade Register on 29 March 1973. The company's main corporate objective is to develop audio-visual media and to lead and manage other companies active in the same field.
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In 2003, ADMARC's legal form ceased to be that of a parastatal corporation following the repeal of the legislation that created it as such, becoming a Limited liability company, and it still exists because it has not been possible to create a comprehensive private-sector marketing system, However, ADMARC is criticised by donors as inefficient, wasteful and not sufficiently independent of government control.
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Kunz Mejri started Evolution Security in 2010 with the developer Pim Campers from the Netherlands. The company is known for manual security checks and the detection of back doors in operating systems, hardware or software. In 2014, the company changed its legal form and officially became a limited liability company with its registered office in the Technology Centre in Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe.
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The German banking system is structured in three different pillars, totally separated from each other.Was Banken leisten publisher: Bundesverband deutscher Banken, Berlin 2010, P. 15.; accessed: 13.06.2011 They typically differ in their legal form and the ownership.Felix Hüfner: The German Banking System: Lessons from the financial crisis, Economic Department Working Papers No.788, OECD 2010, P.8. OECD Workingpapers; accessed: 13.06.
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Karl Pfisterer also developed the forging technique for non-ferrous metals and acquired the first test machines for his own development experiments. The company adopted the legal form of Kommanditgesellschaft (KG: limited partnership) in 1940. In 1942, company founder Karl Pfisterer died. His son, Walter Pfisterer, continued his father's work, as the company's personally liable partner and sole managing director.
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Richard Lesser founded the company as Ahead Software GmbH in 1995. The company changed its name (and legal form) to Ahead Software AG in 2001 and again to Nero AG in 2005. The Nero Group includes foreign subsidiaries in Glendale, California, United States (Nero Inc., founded in 2001), in Yokohama, Japan (Nero K.K., founded in 2004), and Hangzhou, China (Nero Ltd.
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Canopy starts work on its first house in October. 1998 – Canopy takes legal form and is officially registered as “an industrial and provident society for the benefit of the community”. Volunteer involvement continues to grow and Canopy volunteers set up Hyde Park Source, working to renovate bin yards in Burley Lodge area. 1999 – Work is completed on the project base with kitchen, workshop, office and meeting facilities.
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The European Court of Justice held that the decision on any given set of facts for what constituted part of the state was to be left to the courts of the member state in principle. The general requirements would be that the organisation had to be subject to the authority or control of the state, whatever its legal form, and whether in public or private hands.
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Although Chinese numismatic charms are not a legal form of currency, they used to circulate on the Chinese market alongside regular government-issued coinages. The charms were considered valuable, as they were often made from copper alloys and Chinese coins were valued by their weight in bronze or brass. In some cases, charms were made from precious metals or jade.Anything Anywhere China, amulets by Bob Reis.
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The Tomahawk S (labeled the Tomahawk Street in Brand Central of Gran Turismo Sport) is the entry-level variant that has all the capabilities of the concept itself in a street-legal form. The "S" in the name means "Street". The 7.0L V10 is set to and of torque. Along with the pneumatic system, which in this case produces another , the total amount is set at .
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Alice Ross (October 2, 2014), Michael Diekmann to step down as Allianz chief Financial Times. Under his leadership, the insurer also converted its legal form, then Aktiengesellschaft, or German joint-stock company, to Societas Europaea (SE) in 2006.Carter Doughherty (July 20, 2006), A European Allianz becomes less German International Herald Tribune. By 2014, Allianz had grown to become the world’s second-biggest investor after BlackRock.
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In 1981, a dispute between a local mining company and residents escalated and later became a Tennessee Supreme Court case known as Doochin v. Rackley. The disagreement began when the local coal companies began to strip mine residents' private land. The court ruled in favor of the defendants because the Broad Form Deed did not recognize strip mining as a legal form of mining.
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In Lazio ended in mid table, while in 2011 the team avoided relegation by just one point.Tables in Soccerway In September 2015 a new team S.S. Lazio Women 2015 a r.l. was incorporated as a società a responsabilità limitata (a kind of Italian company legal form). The new team took the spot in Serie B from S.S. Lazio Calcio Femminile, the original S.S. Lazio women team.
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St Anna Damenstiftskirche Entry to the church choir Damenstiftskirche St. Anna is a chapel in Munich, southern Germany. It was commissioned in the 18th century by Elector Charles Albert (later the Emperor Charles VII) and the cornerstone was laid in 1733. A monastery in the legal form of a chapter of nuns was set up. The architect was Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer, while the Asam brothers were responsible for the interior.
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In Papua New Guinea (PNG), also officially known as the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, capital punishment (also called the death penalty or execution) is a legal form of punishment. Despite its legality, capital punishment has not been imposed in PNG in over sixty years. The last known execution took place under the colonial administration of Australia.Amnesty USA "Urgent Action: Papua New Guinea plans for executions" (4 June 2013) .
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Laws prohibiting polygyny were adopted in Japan (1880), China (1953), India (1955) and Nepal (1963). Polyandry is illegal in most countries. The women's rights movements seek to make monogamy the only legal form of marriage. The United Nations General Assembly in 1979 adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Article 16 of which requires nations to give women and men equal rights in marriage.
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A presentation to the winner of a Taiwanese lottery in 2008. Government lotteries are among the only legal forms of gambling in Taiwan. Gambling in Taiwan is prohibited by the Criminal Code of the Republic of China.Premier amenable to casino proposal by Shih Hsiu-chuan (Taipei Times, 20 February 2013) State-run lotteries, like the Uniform Invoice lottery, are the only legal form of gambling on mainland Taiwan.
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The Association of Swiss Cantonal Banks (, , ) is an association of the 24 cantonal banks in Switzerland. Its purpose is to safeguard the common interests and promote cooperation between its members and to strengthen the position of the cantonal banks in Switzerland. The association, organised in the legal form of an association, was founded in 1907 and has had an office at its statutory headquarters in Basel since 1971.
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Its legal form is a gGmbH, a non-profit Ltd, whose shareholders are the Prechel Foundation and the University of Mannheim. As of November 1, 2010, Jens Wüstemann is President of the school. The school is located in the city of Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg in Germany at Mannheim Palace, one of the largest baroque castles in Europe. International students at the school account for more than 60 percent.
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A low-profit limited liability company (L3C) is a legal form of business entity in the United States that was created to bridge the gap between non- profit and for-profit investing by providing a structure that facilitates investments in socially beneficial, for-profit ventures by simplifying compliance with Internal Revenue Service rules for program-related investments, a type of investment that private foundations are allowed to make.
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"Every legal relation" proclaims Pashukanis, "is a relation between subjects". Pashukanis' conceptual account of law begins with the idea of a responsible agent - what he calls "the legal subject". Property, says Pashukanis, is the basis of the legal form, but only capitalist property that can be disposed of in the market. The subject in law is the expression of the freedom of property, that is, the freedom of alienate property.
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FontShop International is licensor for four FontShops in Austria, Benelux, Germany, and the United States. FontShop USA, based in San Francisco, is owned by FontShop International; all the other FontShops are separate, independent companies concentrating on their own markets. While FontShop International publishes typefaces as a foundry, the FontShops work as resellers of FontShop International’s FontFonts but also of fonts from other foundries. FontShop International’s legal form is GmbH.
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CEDPO was founded in September 2011 by national data protection organisations as their European umbrella organisation, so far (2014) without any explicit legal form. CEDPO pursues to promote the role of the Data Protection Officer and to provide advice on balanced, practicable, and effective data protection. In addition, CEDPO aims to contribute to a better harmonisation of data protection law and practices in the European Union (EU) / European Economic Area (EEA).
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The deposits were lent mostly as mortgage loans. As a result of the recently introduced Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code), the savings bank obtained in 1905 legal independence in the legal form of a foundation. As early as 1825, the savings bank moved from the orphanage to a new premise at Breite Straße 16. In 1912, the bank moved into the newly built commercial building Breite Straße 18 next- door.
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In May 2017, EASYTRUST SAS became the first French company to be acquired by the group. EASYTRUST, which was renamed as USU SAS at the end of 2017, specializes in data center inventory and Oracle license management. In spring 2018, the subsidiary USU AG changed its legal form and has been operating under the name USU GmbH. unymira, a new business segment of USU GmbH, was created in 2018.
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Organized in the legal form of an "association" (under the Swiss Civil Code), CRB has some 5,000 members throughout Switzerland. It was formed in 1959 by the Federation of Swiss Architects (FSA). Other supporting bodies now include the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects (SIA) and the Swiss Contractors' Association (SBV). Today, all the Swiss construction industry's key associations and organizations are represented on the Board and support CRB's operations.
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The idea for the founding emerged in 1872. On 4 January 1872 the imperial general post office through a writ of general postmaster Heinrich von Stephan encouraged the founding of Spar- und Vorschussvereinen (savings and advancement association) for postal clerk. 36 associations with 12067 were founded in 1872. These were financial institutions in the legal form of an economic association with one exception (Post-Spar- und Darlehnsgenossenschaft Saarbrücken).
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Over the course of 1998/99 all 21 PSpDVs were opened bit by bit for non-postal clerk or employees. Except the PSpDV Hannover all associations introduced the universal bank business (check accounts, stock broking etc.) as part of this change. Because of the complicated legal form of an association the PSpDVs one by one also changed their legal forms. This is how the associations were gradually transformed into listed cooperatives.
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It's a non-political organisation. VEB.RF supports and develops the Russian economy. In partnership with commercial banks, it provides financing for large-scale projects to develop the country’s infrastructure, industrial production and social sphere, strengthen its technological potential and improve the quality of life. VEB.RF plans to invest in the country's economy about 45 billion dollars in five years. VEB.RF is validly existing under Russian law in the legal form of “non-profit organization”.
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Campbell was four times married after a legal form, and left a large family. His first wife was Catherine Forbes, the daughter of George Forbes of Hitchner Hall Surrey, they were married in 1769 in Geneva. His second wife was Harriet Dutens, the daughter of Peter Dutens jeweller to the Prince of Wales, they were married in 1772. His third wife was Lady Elizabeth McDonnell, the daughter of Lord Alexander Earl of Antrim.
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After the first couple of events, a class was introduced which allowed charging accumulators from stationary solar panels and swapping accumulators. Later another class also allowed charging from the 230 VAC mains, provided that this amount of electricity was generated elsewhere by solar power and fed into the mains. This led to the development of the first domestic grid-feed systems. The legal form of the Tour de Sol was a foundation.
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Following ongoing issues with the administration of the lottery, including conflicts of interest, decreased revenues, condemnation against gambling by Buddhist monks, the lottery was ended in 1880. The current lottery was first introduced in 1938 under British rule, and is the only legal form of gambling in the country. Revenues from lottery ticket sales generates per year for the Burmese government, and over 30 million tickets are sold a month for the monthly drawing.
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The following is a brief description of the sections of the Natives Resettlement Act: ;Section 1 Defined the meanings of common words within the Act. ;Section 2 Defined the name of the Board as the Group Areas Development Board and in the legal form of a body corporate. It would also be liable for no tax. ;Section 3 Defined the Board size as no more than six members and chairman appointed by the Governor-General.
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Ida Lichter, Muslim Women Reformers: Inspiring Voices Against Oppression, , p. 189 In some of these countries, including Afghanistan and Iraq, where stoning is not legal, it has been carried out extrajudicially by militants, tribal leaders, and others. In some other countries, including Nigeria and Pakistan, although stoning is a legal form of punishment, it has never been legally carried out. Stoning is condemned by human rights organizations and stoning sentences have sparked international controversies.
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The company was established in 1923 by Will Odee as a legal forms publisher. He stole the customer list from Martin Stationery at the time of being employed there. He mailed to all existing customers of Martin's and informed them that Martins Stationery was no longer in business and to buy all their legal forms from The Odee Company. The Odee Company in the 1930s-1960s was the largest legal form publisher in Texas.
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In Vallianatos and Others v Greece (7 November 2013),CASE OF VALLIANATOS AND OTHERS v. GREECE, European Court of Human Rights the Court held that exclusion of same-sex couples from registering a civil union, a legal form of partnership available to opposite- sex couples, violates the Convention. Greece had enacted a law in 2008 that established civil unions for opposite-sex couples only. A 2015 law extended partnership rights to same-sex couples.
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Headquarter of KD-Bank in Dortmund The Bank für Kirche und Diakonie eG - KD- Bank (bank for church and deaconry) is a credit institute in Dortmund in the legal form of a listed cooperative. The members are mostly institutions from the area of the Protestant church and its deaconry. The KD-Bank is an expert for all financial questions in this sector. The bank offers private customers the full range of banking services.
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Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 is an English trusts law case, concerning the formality for creating a gift, and the possibility that if the gift were not properly completed with the required legal form, a trust could be found. The Court of Appeal in Chancery held that equity would not "perfect an imperfect gift" by creating a trust, if the proper formality for the gift had not been completed.
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Taxable persons, whose net income of sales for the preceding year does not exceed BGN 300,000; 2\. Newly constituted taxable persons for the year of their constitution, except those newly constituted as a result of a transformation under the Commerce Act (CA) (Bulg: Търговски закон). If the transformation is carried out by changing its legal form, the newly constituted entity under Art. 264 CA is subject to advance contributions under the general order.
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DeWind has the legal form of a corporation, and, since September 2009, it has been a subsidiary company of Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME), a large shipbuilder based in Korea. Manufacturing takes place in Lübeck and Round Rock, Texas. More than 900 DeWind turbines have been erected worldwide, with a total capacity of over 1600 MW. The company was since 2015 in liquidation and was deleted in the German Trade Register in December 2017.
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The Steyler Bank GmbH is an ethical-ecological bank and a Christian finance of the Steyler Missionare. It was founded in 1964 in Sankt Augustin, where it still has its headquarters, and creates funds from an ethical point of view. The Steyler Bank also has a branch in Austria. The Steyler Bank is a private bank in the legal form of a limited liability company and has share capital of around €2.5 million.
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On-track betting on horse races was the only legal form of gambling in South African until 1996. Due to its complexity and the difficulty of attracting new players it did not effectively compete with the newly introduced National Lottery and casino games. Betting on horse races is controlled by Saftote and operated by Gold Circle in KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape and by Phumelela in the remainder of the country.
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The Murray Islands, subject of the dispute Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (commonly known as Mabo). is an important decision of the High Court of Australia. The decision is notable for having recognised that some Indigenous Australians have proprietary rights to land, in a legal form of ownership referred to as "native title". Prior to Mabo, it was commonly assumed that the property rights of Indigenous Australians were not recognised by the Australian legal system.
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In order to achieve the GAIA-X project goals, it was announced in June 2020 that an international non-profit organisation will be established with headquarters in Brussels. The GAIA-X Association is to be established in the form of an international non-profit association under Belgian law (frz. association internationale sans but lucratif, short: AISBL) with its headquarters in Brussels. The legal form underlines the European and international perspective and openness of GAIA-X.
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Akciju sabiedrība (Latvian pronunciation: [ˈaktsiju ˈsabiɛdri:ba]; abbreviated AS, pronounced [ˈaːˈes]) is a Latvian word for a legal form of a corporation in Latvia. In English, the Latvian term akciju sabiedrība is translated as stock company by the Commercial Law of Latvia. In Latvia, stock companies (akciju sabiedrība or AS) are being registered by the Register of Enterprises of Latvia. Akciju sabiedrība (AS) is a company whose shares or stocks may be publicly traded.
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Regulgar plate of Equatorial Guinea The vehicle registration plates of Equatorial Guinea is a legal form requiring the citizens of Equatorial Guinea to have the car registered. The license plates of Equatorial Guinea, like the former Spanish colony, are built on the Spanish principle and have the format "AV-123-C". The prefix "AB" means the region, "123" - the number, the suffix "С" - the series. The license plates have European shapes and sizes.
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An open-ended investment company (abbreviated to OEIC, pron. ) or investment company with variable capital (abbreviated to ICVC) is a type of open-ended collective investment formed as a corporation under the Open-Ended Investment Company Regulations 2001 in the United Kingdom. The terms "OEIC" and "ICVC" are used interchangeably with different investment managers favouring one over the other. In the UK OEICs are the preferred legal form of new open-ended investment over the older unit trust.
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In the United States, capital punishment is a legal form of punishment, whereas all European member states have fully abolished it and consider its use to be a violation of fundamental human rights. This occasionally causes problems with EU-US relations, because it is illegal in the European Union to allow the extradition of a citizen to a country where the death penalty is a legal punishment, unless a guarantee is given that such punishment will not be used.
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Loans are available from the Tuvalu National Provident Fund (TNPF), which is owned by its members and has the legal form as a mutual fund rather than a body corporate owned by shareholders. The TNPF invests social contributions from slightly more than half the country’s population, with payments from the TNPF made on retirement. The Development Bank of Tuvalu (DBT), which began in 1993, is also owned by the government of Tuvalu. The DBT provides development loans.
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The company's legal form was changed to Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. KG in 1982. During the 1974 recession with the first oil crisis, the company was forced to lay off one quarter of its employees and to switch production to water taps and recliners for the furniture industry. Brose Coburg started to expand again over the next few years, investing DM 35 million into its new "Plant 2" in Coburg, which went into full operation in 1983.
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During the 1950s, a large number of major automotive spare parts dealers in Germany came together to publish a joint catalog of automotive spare parts. From the mid-1960s on, the first gas stations began selling automotive accessories: This created competition for wholesalers that had been generating high revenues through sales of accessories. For that reason, several dealers decided to combine their purchase operations. For this to occur, a joint legal form had to be created.
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The following is a brief description of the sections of the Natives Resettlement Act: ;Section 1 Defined the meanings of common words within the Act. ;Section 2 Defined the name of the Board as the Natives Resettlement Board and in the legal form of a body corporate. It would also be liable for no tax. ;Section 3 Defined the Board size as no less than nine members and maximum ten appointed by the Governor-General as is its chairman.
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Joseph Raz identifies government following the law as a tautology: if the will of those inside the government were expressed outside their legal constraints, they would no longer be acting as the government. He therefore characterises this legal form argument as one of mere obedience to the law; ensuring those in government follow the laws as those outside it should. He rejects that as the sole conception of the rule of law.Raz (1977). pp. 196-197.
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The reforms of French higher education in 1968-1971 broke apart several public universities into numerous autonomous successor universities. For example, the University of Paris was split into thirteen universities, Paris I through Paris XIII. These universities have subsequently formed groupings in order to pool resources and better advance their joint activities. Some of these groupings, which typically take the legal form of a groupement d'interêt public, or GIP, are themselves called universities or university centers.
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Making profit/surplus is desirable, however is not a primary goal. Contingent profit is used in preference for development of activities of organization and for the needs of local community. Internal relations in the social enterprises are headed to the maximum involvement of members/employees in decision-making and self-management while external relations strengthen social capital. Legal form of social economy entities is not decisive—what is crucial is observing public benefit aims as listed in the articles.
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To collect the amount set by a company, its owners must advertise their idea to convince the investor community. The offering alone acts as a free verification of business plans. Beesfund creators want its offerings to be associated with an emotional charge — so far, the platform issued shares of sports clubs, alcohol manufacturers, and video game producers. In addition to issuing shares, Beesfund also provides tax and legal advice for issuers, transforms legal form of their businesses.
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Bestattung Wien was founded in 1907, under the name of "Gemeinde Wien - Städtische Leichenbestattung". Since 1999 it has been a subsidiary of Wiener Stadtwerke Holding AG, and has had the legal form of a GmbH (public limited company). The company has organised some two million burials since its foundation - from intimate services for immediate family through to grand state funerals - as well as repatriations from all over the world. Bestattung Wien provides undertaking services almost 18,500 times a year.
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This decision was announced by Deutsche Börse AG (Frankfurt Stock Exchange) on March 5, 2018. On March 18, 2015 the company changed its legal form into an SE (Societas Europaea). In mid-December 2016, Global Founders held 37.1% in Rocket Internet, Kinnevik 13.2%, United Internet 8.3%, Baillie Gifford 6.5%, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company 6.1% and Access Industries 6.0%. Holtzbrinck Ventures held a 1.8% share, with main investors holding shares of 3.4%; 16.3% was held in free float.
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The name of Akciju sabiedrība must include a reference to the legal form “akciju sabiedrība" or its abbreviation “AS”. The name must be clearly and distinctly different from the names already registered or applied for in the registers kept by the Register of Enterprises. The name should only contains the letters of the Latin or Latvian alphabet. The title may not contain the expression "Latvijas Republika” (Republic of Latvia) or its translation into a foreign language.
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Hamburger Sparkasse Hamburger Sparkasse AG (Haspa) is one of 5 free public savings banks in Germany based in Hamburg. With a balance sheet total of around 41.9 billion euros and about 5,000 employees, it is the largest savings bank in Germany. It was founded in 1827 in the legal form of the old Hamburg law. In 2003 the bank was separated to a stock corporation and the original Hamburger Sparkasse changed its name to Haspa Finanzholding.
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A state-owned enterprise (SOE) or government-owned enterprise (GOE) is a business enterprise where the government or state has significant control through full, majority, or significant minority ownership. Defining characteristics of SOEs are their distinct legal form and operation in commercial affairs and activities. While they may also have public policy objectives (e.g., a state railway company may aim to make transportation more accessible), SOEs should be differentiated from government agencies or state entities established to pursue purely nonfinancial objectives.
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The monogamous family is distinguished from the > pairing family by the far greater durability of wedlock, which can no longer > be dissolved at the pleasure of either party. As a rule, it is only the man > who can still dissolve it and cast off his wife. However, the communist revolutionaries in China chose to take the Western viewpoint of monogamy as giving women and men equal rights in marriage. The newly formed Communist government established monogamy as the only legal form of marriage.
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The MAZEM – Mannheim Center for Empirical Multilingualism Research (in German: Mannheimer Zentrum für Empirische Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung) in Mannheim, Germany is a linguistic and educational research institute that originated at the University of Mannheim. MAZEM was established as a non-profit company in Mannheim in 2011 and is still headquartered there. It is registered under the legal form of a gGmbH. MAZEM conducs interdisciplinary research on early multilingualism, provides expertise on early language support and intervention to educators, institutions and policy-makers.
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In 1992, Argentina became one of the first countries to implement a comprehensive reform of its electricity sector. In the midst of several public companies privatizations in Argentina, the Electric Energy Regime law (Law 24.065) was passed. Three public companies were split into 27 generation companies, 7 transmission companies and several distribution companeies. In its 35th article, the Law mandates the creation of a National Cargoes Dispatch, to be created in the legal form of a sociedad anónima (a private enterprise).
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In Australia, all rights to use and control water are vested in the states. Users are then issued various conditional entitlements to use water and some of these entitlements can, in limited circumstances, be traded. Entitlements vary state by state and according to the use, source, legal form, level of devolution, security and transferability among others. There has been a move across all states in recent years to move from older forms of water entitlement to more secure and transferable entitlements.
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The Bucerius Kunst Forum is an institution of ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius in the legal form of a non-profit limited company. The foundation is the sole shareholder and is financing the Bucerius Kunst Forum with the income of its endowment capital to about two-thirds. The remainder is earned in ticket and catalogue sales as well as postcard sales and renting out parts of the exhibition house for exclusive events. The Bucerius Kunst Forum does not utilize public funds.
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Logo until July 2012 Historical Logo The company was founded in 1987 as Gries & Heissel Bankiers KG by Thomas Gries and Wolfgang Heissel in Berlin in the legal form of a Limited partnership. In 1989, another location was opened in Frankfurt am Main. One year later, the board members and founders received the "Best Entrepreneur of the Year" award. In 1992, the majority of shares were taken over by Berliner Grundkreditbank eG, which in turn became part of Berliner Volksbank eG in 1999.
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It has the legal form of a GmbH; the independent FAZIT-Stiftung (FAZIT Foundation) is its majority shareholder (93.7%).Annual report of FAZIT Foundation at ebundesanzeiger.de The FAZIT- Stiftung was born in 1959 by the transformation of the then FAZ owner "Allgemeine Verlagsgesellschaft mbH" into a private foundation. The FAZIT- Stiftung is 'owned' by up to nine persons who can't sell or buy their share but have to transmit it free of charge to a successor which is co-opted by the remaining shareholders.
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Life imprisonment in Turkey is a legal form of punishment and the most severe form of punishment. In most cases life imprisonment replaced capital punishment. Law 4771 of 3 August 2002 abolished the death penalty for peace time and replaced capital punishment with life imprisonment for 17 provisions of the Turkish Penal Code.See the full text of Law 4771 on the page of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; accessed on 12 May 2011 Law 5218 of 14 July 2004 abolished the death penalty completely.
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On 25 June 2015, the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate in Verkh-Isetskiy District of Yekaterinburg registered a change in the legal form of the company by changing the name from Open Joint Stock Company Enel Russia to Public Joint Stock Company Enel Russia. The new abbreviated Company name is PJSC Enel Russia. In June 2017, Enel Russia won the tender for construction of two windfarms with installed capacity of 201 MW in the Murmansk Region and 90 MW in the Rostov Region near Azov.
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Neither the exact date of the acquisition nor the legal form of ownership – feud, marriage or pledge rule – can be established with certainty. With the establishment of a Landvogt as deputy of the Ascanian ruler they created the most important office in Upper Lusatia. In principle, the powers of the burggraves and judges from Bohemians time were united in one hand and even expanded. The Landvogt was the country's highest official, he decided in feudal matters, presided in the supreme court and was military commander-in-chief.
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Headquarters in Diedorf Subsidiary in Alteno Keimfarben has two German sites in Diedorf (headquarters) and Alteno/Luckau and altogether eleven foreign subsidiaries in Europe (Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Poland, the Czech Republic) and the United States. Authorised dealers are responsible for sales in countries where Keimfarben does not have its own subsidiary (Australia, Canada, China, Singapore, Malaysia and Russia). On 6 September 2012, KEIMFARBEN GMBH & Co KG changed its legal form and now operates under the name of "KEIMFARBEN GMBH".
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Commodity form theory is a theory of jurisprudence advanced by the Soviet legal theorist Evgeny Pashukanis. The theory argues that the legal form is the parallel of the commodity form under capitalist society. All law is concerned with the process of the exchanging of commodities between subjects who act as the "guardians" of commodities and are created by law in order to enable the commodity production form of society to function. The theory can be explained as based on two premises, logical and historical.
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In 1948, the library changed in legal form from a school district library to a county district library. In November 1956, the library officially changed its name to the Dayton and Montgomery County Public Library. A new $2.3 million building was constructed for the Main Library in 1960, with groundbreaking taking place on August 29. The new building, adjacent to the old building (since razed), opened on March 26, 1962, and is still in use today (albeit with renovations done in 1987 and 1998–2000).
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Despite avoiding relegation in the 2014–15 season, Reggina failed to meet the deadline to register for Lega Pro and the club declared bankruptcy. A new legal person of the club, "A.S.D. Reggio Calabria", was formed to play in Serie D for the 2015–16 season, Reggio Calabria ended the season in 4th place, losing in the first round of playoffs against Cavese. During the season the club also re- incorporated from associazione sportiva dilettantistica to società sportiva dilettantistica a responsabilità limitata legal form.
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This method has been largely superseded by lethal injection, using the same three-drug cocktail pioneered by the United States, introduced in 1996. Execution vans are unique to mainland China, however. Lethal injection is more commonly used for 'economic crimes' such as corruption, while firing squads are used for more common crimes like murder. In 2010, Chinese authorities moved to have lethal injection become the dominant form of execution; in some provinces and municipalities, it is now the only legal form of capital punishment.
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He now blamed Germany's problems on the Communists, even threatening their lives on 3 March. Former Chancellor Heinrich Brüning proclaimed that his Centre Party would resist any constitutional change and appealed to the President for an investigation of the Reichstag fire. Hitler's successful plan was to induce what remained of the now Communist-depleted Reichstag to grant him, and the Government, the authority to issue decrees with the force of law. The hitherto Presidential Dictatorship hereby was to give itself a new legal form.
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The Dr. Peters Group, registered in Dortmund, conceives, places and manages tangible assets since 1975 in the legal form of a limited partnership. The investment targets are mobile and immobile goods of the real economy such as ships, real estate and aircraft; Dr. Peters is no longer active on the secondary market for life insurances. The funds are offered to investors in Germany and Austria via banks and free agents. Since 2013, the Dr. Peters Group has been designing funds for national and international institutional investors.
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These perfumes became mainly popular in India, Pakistan and the Middle East. August Maschmeijer moved with his family to 'De Zuilenhof' outside Bergen in 1924. In 1954 the legal form of the business was changed from a family owned private liability company (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) to a company whose shares were traded on the stock market (naamloze vennootschap). In 1960 the holding of the company was acquired by Naarden International Holland BV (CFN = Chemical Factory Naarden), which later became a part of Quest International.
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Legalization denoted two things: firstly, the formation of an association so that the squatter collective could have a legal form; secondly, setting up a rental contract between the city and the project. From 1993 onwards, some squats began legalization processes and others did not. The social centres which did legalize successfully then changed their title from ‘CSOA’ (Italian: Centro Sociale Occupato Autogestito – Self-Managed Squatted Social Centre), to ‘CSA’ (Italian: Centro Sociale Autogestito – Self-Managed Social Centre). Owing to these changes, there is no longer just one network of social centres, but several disparate ones.
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Handbook of Federal Countries: United States, pg 373–391, 2005. Most federal republics codify the division of powers between orders of government in a written constitutional document. The political differences between a federal republic and other federal states, especially federal monarchies under a parliamentary system of government, are largely a matter of legal form rather than political substance, as most federal states are democratic in structure if not practice with checks and balances. However, some federal monarchies, such as the United Arab Emirates are based upon principles other than democracy.
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The Sunni Islam of the Shafi'i school of thought is the official, legal form in Malaysia, although syncretist Islam with elements of Shamanism is still common in rural areas. Mosques are an ordinary scene throughout the country and adhan (call to prayer) from minarets are heard five times a day. Government bodies and banking institutions are closed for two hours every Friday so Muslim workers can conduct Friday prayer in mosques. However, in certain states such as Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Johor, the weekends fall on Friday and Saturday instead of Saturday and Sunday.
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On January 23, 1860, about three months after the Harpers Ferry raid, Iowa governor Samuel Kirkwood received from a representative of the governor of Virginia a requisition "for one Barclay Coppock, reputed to be a fugitive from the justice of Virginia". Kirkwood found the requisition deficient in legal form and returned it to Virginia. Barclay was gone by the time Kirkwood received the corrected papers.Clark, Dan Elbert, Samuel Jordan Kirkwood, p. 152, cited in Bergmann, Leola Nelson, The Negro in Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, The State Historical Society of Iowa, 1969, p. 27.
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HSBC acquired Midland Bank in 1992, and with it Midland's majority stake in Trinkaus & Burkhardt. In time, HSBC transferred Trinkaus and Burkhardt's operations in Switzerland to its subsidiary there, HSBC Guyerzeller Bank. In 1999, the bank in Germany changed its name to HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt KGaA. Lastly, in 2006, the bank changed its legal form and became HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG. In 2010, on its 225th anniversary, HSBC in Germany increased the share capital by EUR 150 million to promote the corporate business in Germany as part of HSBC.
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The Fédération des Bourses du Travail was created in 1892, on a decentralized basis, federating each city workers' organization. Three years later, they merged in the Confédération générale du travail (CGT) trade-union, dominated by anarcho-syndicalists until the First World War. In 1894, the government of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, a moderate Republican, had legalized workers' and employers' trade-unions (Waldeck-Rousseau Act), thus allowing such a legal form of association. The CGT's most important sections were then workers in railway companies and in the printing industry (cheminots and ouvriers du livre).
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Piëch owned a significant share of Porsche, exactly 10%. In order to prevent discussions among the many family members, a policy was established in early 1972 that no Porsche family member is allowed to be involved in the management of the company. Even company founder Ferry Porsche, Piëch's uncle, only held a seat on the supervisory board of Porsche after the company's legal form was changed from a limited partnership to a private legal company. This made Piëch move to Audi after the foundation of his engineering bureau.
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In Malaysia, horse racing was introduced during the British colonial era and remains to the present day as a gambling activity. There are three race courses in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Penang Turf Club, Perak Turf Club and Selangor Turf Club. Within and only within the turf clubs, betting on horse racing is a legal form of gambling. Racing in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is conducted and governed under the Rules of the Malayan Racing Association and betting in Malaysia is operated and organized by Pan Malaysian Pools Sdn Bhd.
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Demutualization is the process by which a customer-owned mutual organization (mutual) or co-operative changes legal form to a joint stock company. It is sometimes called stocking or privatization. As part of the demutualization process, members of a mutual usually receive a "windfall" payout, in the form of shares in the successor company, a cash payment, or a mixture of both. Mutualization or mutualisation is the opposite process, wherein a shareholder- owned company is converted into a mutual organization, typically through takeover by an existing mutual organization.
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This criticism is, I believe, without justification. So far as the courts are concerned, matters certainly would not have been helped if, instead of saying, "This is not law," they had said, "This is law but it is so evil we will refuse to apply it." (p. 655) To me there is nothing shocking in saying that a dictatorship which clothes itself with a tinsel of legal form can so far depart from the morality of order, from the inner morality of law itself, that it ceases to be a legal system.
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In July 2008, a cooperation contract was signed between the Max Planck Society and Drs. Andreas and Thomas Strüngmann to found the ESI as an independent brain research institute with the format of a Max Planck Institute and adhering to the Max Planck excellence principles. On 12 September 2008, the ESI was formally founded, with the legal form of a nonprofit limited liability corporation (“gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (gGmbH)”). To finance the ESI, the Strüngmann brothers founded the Ernst Strüngmann Foundation (ESF). ESI’s founding directors are Wolf Singer and Pascal Fries.
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As the residential districts made up the majority of the city, that early form of districting was usually along ethnic and occupational divides; generally, class or status diminished outwards from the city center. One legal form for enforcing it was the caste system. While space was carved out for important public institutions, places of worship, markets and squares, there is a major distinction between cities of antiquity and cities of today. Throughout antiquity and up until the onset of the Industrial Revolution (1760–1840), most work took place within the home.
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Once known as Revell AG (private stock company), the German company has now changed to the legal form of GmbH & Co. KG (Inc./ public stock company). Revell Germany became independent after its formal separation from Revell-Monogram LLC in September 2006, but was purchased by Hobbico early in 2012, bringing both Revells back into the same company once again. While separate, the German products continued to be advertised on the American company web site, and its logo was almost identical to that of Revell in the United States.
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Alvin whisks away Arthur Stuart, Mike Fink, and Audubon by leading them into the greensong that lets them run hundreds of miles without tiring, but turning back without the others en route. Alvin gives himself up to the men sent to bring in the "witches" while Verily hides for the moment. Quill has both Purity and Alvin running in tight circles to wear them down - a semi-legal form of torture, intended to make them confess to witchery. Verily comes by and loudly scolds Quill in front of the crowd, saying it's inhumane.
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Still, the tribute trade, being the only legal form of trade with China, was extremely profitable. Hence many states, including Japan, were willing to subject themselves to the rituals of the Chinese tributary system. The Japanese were assigned the Zhejiang city of Ningbo as their port of entry into China, and were allowed to present tribute once every 10 years. These Japanese missions to Ming China continued up to Japan's Sengoku period, when the hold of the Ashikaga shogunate waned and power became divided by the warring regional daimyōs.
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The legal form is that of an extra-parliamentary commission, as formulated in Articles 54 and 55 of the Federal Law on the Promotion of Research and Innovation.Federal Law on the Promotion of Research and Innovation A council of 15 members (professors of various disciplines) is headed by the president, currently Gerd Folkers. The president is supported by an administrative office. This office is currently headed by Claudia Acklin, and further consists of 6 people working as scientific advisors, 2 in the information service and 2 in the administration at SSC.
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The UK has also developed a new legal form called the community interest company (CIC). CICs are a new type of limited company designed specifically for those wishing to operate for the benefit of the community rather than for the benefit of the owners of the company. This means that a CIC cannot be formed or used solely for the personal gain of a particular person, or group of people. Legislation caps the level of dividends payable at 35% of profits and returns to individuals are capped at 4% above the bank base rate.
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By the same act, an appeal against the presented candidate by the congregation could only be on the basis of the qualifications of the presentee. By the "Golden Act" of 1592, which established Presbyterianism as the only legal form of Church government in Scotland, Presbyteries were "bound and astricted to receive and admit whatsoever qualified minister is presented be (sic) his Majesty or laic patron". If a congregation refused to accept a suitable nominee, the Patron was entitled to enjoy the fruits of the original bequest - stipend, lands, house, etc.Dunbar, pages 380—81.
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Following the Dutch invasion of England by the Presbyterian William of Orange, the so-called Glorious Revolution definitively restored Presbyterianism as the only legal form of Church government in Scotland. A 1690 Act (again, by the Parliament of Scotland) did not abolish patronage, but vested this power instead in the heritors and elders of each parish, who could propose a candidate to the whole congregation, to be either approved or disapproved by them. If they disapproved, they needed to give their reasons. Disputes were to be resolved by the presbytery.
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Legal form followed economic function, not the other way around. Despite the presence of a central Asian headquarters in Batavia (modern Jakarta), even the numerous settlements of the Dutch East India Company or VOC (1602-1799) had separate administrations and record keeping. Second, unlike the Atlantic slave complex, European and preexisting indigenous forms of bondage seemingly shared many forms of similarities. Except for South Africa, European colonial powers took over and interacted with existing Indian Ocean systems of slavery, rather than imposing their own system in a relative vacuum as in the New World.
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While stoning may not be codified in the laws of Afghanistan and Somalia, both countries have seen several incidents of stoning to death. Until the early 2000s, stoning was a legal form of capital punishment in Iran. In 2002, the Iranian judiciary officially placed a moratorium on stoning. In 2005, judiciary spokesman Jamal Karimirad stated that "in the Islamic republic, we do not see such punishments being carried out", further adding that if stoning sentences were passed by lower courts, they were overruled by higher courts and "no such verdicts have been carried out".
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Courtois, among others, argues that most victims of communist rule fell in this category, which is often the subject of considerable controversy. In most communist states, the death penalty was a legal form of punishment for most of their existence, with a few exceptions. The Soviet Union, for example, formally abolished the death penalty between 1947 and 1950, though this did nothing to curb executions and acts of genocide. Critics argue that many of the convicted prisoners executed by authorities under communist rule were not criminals, but political dissidents.
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In the same year, the legal form of the company was altered to that of a stock corporation. In 2003, the company moved into a new headquarters building in Linz. In 2004 a subsidiary was founded in China and this was followed by two further Chinese locations. In 2006, KEBA Automation S.R.L. was launched in Romania and in the same year a holding was taken in agimatec GmbH. In 2007, the CBPM-KEBA joint venture in Beijing was founded with the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, the world’s largest banknote printing house.
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Changes enacted in 1911 are relatively minor, mostly reflecting the influence of the German Civil Code. The Code of Obligations was drafted in a strikingly understandable style, without many instances of abstract legal terminology, so that it could be readily understood by the common population. Company law was subsequently revised in 1938, and the law regulating contracts of employment in 1972. The Code was revised in 2011, so that in the future requirements for book-keeping and accounting will not depend on a company's legal form, but on its financial size.
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IBJ became a private-sector bank in 1950 and took on legal form under the Long-Term Bank Act of 1952. However the Act was framed within the terms of the US-led Occupation policy of compartmentalizing financial services. IBJ was forced to retreat from much of its former investment banking activities and return principally to long-term lending funding by issuing bank debentures. During the high-growth period of the Japanese economy in the 1960s, IBJ was particularly active in financing steel production, shipping, shipbuilding, and automobile manufacturing.
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In August 1918, the most radical Social Democrats fled to Russia at the end of the Civil War and founded the Finnish Communist Party (SKP), which was not allowed to operate legally in Finland. Thus, the SKP and its allies established the Socialist Workers' Party as their legal form, which received 27 seats in the 1922 elections. However, the police arrested all its of MPs on charges of treason and banned the party in 1923. With the growth of communism, the fascist Lapua movement, which from 1929 to 1932 acted against communist newspapers, organized mass demonstrations and terrorized individual citizens.
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Greenpeace Energy chose to establish itself in the legal form of a registered cooperative (eG). The motivation for this decision was that it allows Greenpeace Energy to be independent of banks and major shareholders and build equity on a wide base of shareholders to offer as well as favorable current. Therefore, at present no returns will be distributed to the shareholders (as of 2011). Membership in the cooperative is formally dependent on the current reference - according to the statute, can be excluded a cooperative member who "does not cover its demand for electrical energy supplies through the Cooperative".
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Anyone who is usually known by the name Maria or its derivatives would have been registered as Máire at school in Ireland as this is the norm with all names where there is a translation. Even outside of school, a woman may, if she so chooses, be known as Máire on all legal documents as an Irish person's name has a legal form in either official language of the State. For example; a woman named Mary Murphy in English would be known in Irish as Máire Ní Mhurchú if she is unmarried and Máire Uí Mhurchú if she is married.
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As of 2019 more classic rock and progressive rock is being increasingly played. In its modern legal form, Radio Hauraki's head office and main studios are now located at 2 Graham Street in the Auckland CBD, as one of eight stations of NZME Radio. Private commercial radio stations had operated from the earliest days of broadcasting, but the government began to close them down, the process accelerating after World War II. To break the state monopoly, Radio Hauraki was originally formed as a pirate station in the Hauraki Gulf, in a famous and historic story that saw the loss of one life.
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They vary in their legal and administrative set-up but have in common that they are not 'regions' in an administrative-constitutional sense. Many cross- border regions are based on some sort of civil-law agreements among the participating authorities. For instance, the classical form of a Euroregion is the ‘twin association’: On each side of the border, municipalities and districts form an association according to a legal form suitable within their own national legal systems. In a second step, the associations then join each other on the basis of a civil-law cross-border agreement to establish the cross-border entity.
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REMICs are investment vehicles that hold commercial and residential mortgages in trust and issue securities representing an undivided interest in these mortgages. A REMIC assembles mortgages into pools and issues pass-through certificates, multiclass bonds similar to a collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO), or other securities to investors in the secondary mortgage market. Mortgage-backed securities issued through a REMIC can be debt financings of the issuer or a sale of assets. Legal form is irrelevant to REMICs: trusts, corporations, and partnerships may all elect to have REMIC status, and even pools of assets that are not legal entities may qualify as REMICs.
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California's legal system is explicitly based upon English common law (as is the case with all other states except Louisiana) but carries a few features from Spanish civil law, such as community property. California's prison population grew from 25,000 in 1980 to over 170,000 in 2007. Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment and the state has the largest "Death Row" population in the country (though Oklahoma and Texas are far more active in carrying out executions). California's judiciary system is the largest in the United States with a total of 1,600 judges (the federal system has only about 840).
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The gGmbH (company with limited liability) is the legal organisation which owns and governs the school. The company is a charitable company (gemeinnützig) and is managed by the Head of School and Commercial Director (managing directors). This charitable trust is a legal form that guarantees the continued existence of the school into the future, guarded over by the Stiftungsaufsicht of the state of Saxony. The trust has a Board whose tasks are to exercise the rights of the Trust as the only shareholder of the School, the GmbH, and to support the school in accordance with the aims set out in its statutes.
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As of 2017, LegalZoom is Rocket Lawyer's primary Internet- based competitor in the U.S. market for legal form documents. A personal finance article in USA Today stated the common perception that both LegalZoom and Rocket Lawyer allow consumers to save money on legal fees but also require some self-education and legal legwork; in other words both allow consumers to "save a few bucks by doing some of the work yourself." Rocket Lawyer's competitors also include Nolo (formerly Nolo Press), the pioneering publisher of do-it-yourself legal guides and the creator of Quicken WillMaker software.
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The source of Christian unity is not legal form but everyone's heart-relationship with the Saviour. Fellowship is based on this heart- relationship. Shawe says: 'The Moravian ideal has been to gather together kindred hearts ... Where there are "Christian hearts in love united", there fellowship is possible in spite of differences of intellect and intelligence, of thought, opinion, taste and outlook. ... [In Zinzendorf's time] Fellowship meant not only a bridging of theological differences but also of social differences; the artisan and aristocrat were brought together as brothers and sat as equal members on the same committee'.
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State derivation has been understood since the 1970s as an attempt within Marxism and neo-Marxism to explain the emergence and extent of the state and its law within the bourgeois, modern economic system and therewith to derive the relationship between economics and politics from the structure of capitalist production. In the 1920s, the legal scholar Yevgeny Bronislawowitsch Paschukanis foreshadowed the debate with his explanation of the legal form of the commodity. Important writers in this area since 1970 are Rudolf Wolfgang Müller, Christel Neusüß, Bernhard Blanke, Elmar Altvater, Freerk Huisken, Joachim Hirsch and the class analysis project (including Joachim Bischoff).
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In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abolished, however, the term continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups. Former "Model C" schools are not private schools, as they are state- controlled.
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Capella has always used and uses copy protection; initially by requiring the installation CD to be in the CD reader, today by requiring activation (after a trial period of 30 days). The company was originally called "whc Musiksoftware", then "whc Musiksoftware GmbH". The name was changed to "capella-software GmbH" in the fall of 2002, changing the legal form from GmbH to AG (Aktiengesellschaft) in March 2011. Version 8, published in late 2017, is a major rewrite of the program using the Qt, a cross-platform application framework and widget toolkit, which made possible the publication of a version for macOS, i.e.
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In February 2016, at the request of the Ministry of Development, the Foundation took a position on the draft directive on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital content. In March 2016, the Foundation gave its opinion on the assumptions of the program “Start in Poland” presented by the Ministry of Development. Since March 2016, Startup Poland is involved in the process of developing a new legal form for Polish startups, created as part of the new Business Constitution, with facilitation for innovative enterprises. In consultations with startups, the name “simple joint-stock company” () was chosen.
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This edict made Nicene Christianity the only legal form of Christianity and outlawed all other forms of religion. This brought to an end a period of widespread religious tolerance that had existed since the death of Julian. In 382, Gratian issued edicts that removed the statue of the winged goddess Victory from the Senate floor, removed the privileges of the Vestals, and confiscated money designated for sacrifices and ceremonies. Gratian declared that all of the pagan temples and shrines were to be confiscated by the government and that their revenues were to be joined to the property of the royal treasury.
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He was successful in finding investors, but the legal form of the company was a more difficult problem. By the Bubble Act of 1720, all joint-stock companies above a certain number of shareholders in England needed to receive a royal charter to incorporate, which meant that an act of Parliament was required. Winsor waged his campaign intermittently to 1807, when the investors constituted a committee charged with obtaining an act of Parliament. They pursued this task over the next three years, encountering adversities en route, the most important of which was the resistance by Boulton & Watt in 1809.
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138 Scholars disagree over whether at least some forms of torture have been made legal according to the Qanon-e Ta'zir (Discretionary Punishment Law) of the Islamic Republic. Abrahamian argues statutes forbidding ‘lying to the authorities’ and ability of clerics to be both interrogators and judges, applying an "indefinite series of 74 lashings until they obtain `honest answers`" without the delay of a trial, make this a legal form of torture.Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions, 1999, p. 133 Another scholar, Christoph Werner, claims he could find no Ta'zir law mentioning lying to authorities but did find one specifically banning torture in order to obtain confessions.
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Opinions range from people considering it a legal form of self-defense that reduces terrorism, to people calling it an extrajudicial killing that lacks due process, and which leads to more violence. Methods used have included firing a Hellfire missile from an AH-64 Apache attack helicopter (Israel), or a Predator or Reaper drone (an unmanned, remote-controlled plane), detonating a cell phone bomb, and long-range sniper shooting. Countries such as the U.S. (in Pakistan and Yemen) and Israel (in the West Bank and Gaza) have used targeted killing to kill members of groups such as Al-Qaeda and Hamas.
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John Vidal, writing in The Guardian, criticised the Cancun agreements for not providing leadership, for not specifying how the proposed climate fund will be financed, and for not stating that countries had to "peak" their emissions within 10 years and then rapidly reduce them for there to be any chance to avert warming. Also criticised were the deferral of decisions on the legal form of and level of emission reductions required. Professor Kevin Anderson described the Cancun accord as "astrology" and stated that the science was suggesting a 4 °C rise in global mean temperature, possibly as early as the 2060s.
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Retrieved October 8, 2010. The tactic can raise complex questions and lead to contentious disputes as to the legal basis for its application, who qualifies as an appropriate "hit list" target, and what circumstances must exist before the tactic may be used. Opinions range from people considering it a legal form of self-defense that reduces terrorism to people calling it an extra-judicial killing that lacks due process and leads to further violence. Methods used have included firing Hellfire missiles from Predator or Reaper drones (unmanned, remote-controlled planes), detonating a cell phone bomb, and long-range sniper shooting.
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Specific types of enterprises, that are undergoing pilot verification within CIP EQUAL projects and that are already functioning in the Czech Republic, are social firms employing seriously disadvantaged target groups, and municipal social cooperatives as a suitable form of entrepreneurship with the view of development of local communities and microregions. :The legal form a social enterprise takes may not always be seen as important—however, they must be subject of private law. According to the existing legal system, they can function in a form of cooperatives, civic associations, public benefit associations, church legal entities, Ltd., stock companies and sole traders.
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In 1909, Dewey announced that he was running as a "theocratic candidate for governor". On October 3 he made a 12-hour speech on Boston Common regarding his political theories. Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth William M. Olin found Dewey's nomination papers to not be in legal form and he was not placed on the ballot. In 1909, Dewey filed a $76 million libel suit against the executive committee of the Good Government Association (Laurence Minot, Eliot N. Jones, John Mason Little, George R. Nutter, and Nathaniel Thayer III) for statements made during his mayoral campaign.
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The Central Office for Private Transfer Rights (in German: Zentralstelle für private Überspielungsrechte, abbreviated ZPÜ) is an amalgamation of Nine German Copyright Collection Societies GEMA, GÜFA, GVL, GWFF, TWF, VFF, VGF, VG Picture Art and VG World. Its legal form is that of a Company under civil law based in Munich. Its function is to centrally assert the copyright compensation claims of the collecting societies involved in the reproduction of audio works and audiovisual works for private and other personal use and then to distribute the proceeds to the collecting societies. In 2017, the total distribution was around 575 million euros.
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The day after the death of Alexander II which was on 21 April 1073, as the obsequies were being performed in the Lateran Basilica, there arose a loud outcry from the clergy and people: "Let Hildebrand be pope!", "Blessed Peter has chosen Hildebrand the Archdeacon!" Later, on the same day, Hildebrand was conducted to the Church of Saint Peter in Chains and elected Pope there in legal form by the assembled cardinals, with the due consent of the Roman clergy, amid the repeated acclamations of the people. Bonizo of Sutri places the funeral and election on 22 April.
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Traces of VEB Autoreparaturwerk Dresden The Publicly Owned Enterprise (; abbreviated VEB) was the main legal form of industrial enterprise in East Germany. They were all publicly owned and were formed after mass nationalisation between 1945 and the early 1960s, and the handing back in 1954 of some 33 enterprises previously taken by the Soviet Union as reparations. The managing director of a VEB was called a plant or works manager (German: Werkleiter, Werkdirektor or Betriebsdirektor). He or she was assisted by the first secretary of the factory party organisation (Betriebsparteiorganisation) of the SED, and the chairman of the factory trade union (Betriebsgewerkschaftsleitung).
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In February 2006, Lutz Helmig, owner of Aton GmbH and founder of the Helios-Kliniken, purchased EDAG from the nine founding families. In 2007, personnel service provider ED Work GmbH & Co. KG was founded. As a result of the takeover by Aton GmbH, the legal form of the company changed on 11 January 2008 from a joint-stock company to a Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien. A further consequence of the re-structuring was that directors Klaus Blickle and Jürgen Böhm left the company on 8 April 2008, and were replaced by long-standing managers Jörg Ohlsen, Manfred Hahl and Rainer Bauer.
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In the last season as Castellalto, the club finished as the 10th of 2015–16 Promozione Abruzzo Group A, while Calcio Giulianova, another phoenix club of Giulianova Calcio, finished as the second last of the same group; Città di Giulianova relegated from Serie D that season. The club participated in 2016–17 Promozione Abruzzo season, winning a promotion to 2017–18 Eccellenza Abruzzo season in 2017. The club was promoted to 2018–19 Serie D season in 2018. It was assigned to Group F. The club was also re-incorporated as società sportiva dilettantisticha a responsabilità limitata legal form circa that year.
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Even by 1988, customers and workers were literally climbing over each other to get to products in the store. As Rainbow approached the end of its 10-year lease, it was more and more apparent that the space at Mission and 15th was not adequate. When overcrowding at the Mission & 15th location inspired Rainbow to look again for a larger space, the collective acted to re-form as a cooperative corporation (a legal form that did not exist in 1976 when Rainbow originally incorporated). Then in 1992 the store decided to begin looking for a new space.
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She claimed there was a cost of $57,325.45, and she should be taxed on a capital net gain on $76,007.88. On her 1928 federal income tax return, Gregory treated the transaction as a tax free corporate reorganization, under the Revenue Act of 1928 section 112. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Guy T. Helvering, argued in economic substance there was no business reorganization, that Gregory owned all three corporations and was simply following a legal form to make it appear like a reorganization so she could dispose of the Monitor shares without paying substantial income tax. Accordingly, she understated her liability by $10,000.
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FESC University (officially in Spanish: Fundación de Estudios Superiores Comfanorte, «Comfanorte Higher Studies Foundation») commonly known simply FESC, it is a Colombian university with the legal form of foundation. It began its academic operations on August 23, 1995 in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. The institution has 8 undergraduate programs, 44 diploma programs, 2 specializations and 7 master's degrees, for a total of 61 academic programs, in addition to having numerous research groups. The university hosts the department's only professional graphic design faculty, various research groups and a modern campus for the academic activities of its students.
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In card games, hole carding is the obtaining of knowledge of cards that are supposed to be hidden from view. The term is usually applied to blackjack but can apply to other games with hidden hole cards, like three card poker and Caribbean stud poker. So long as it does not involve the use of a device like a mirror or actions like touching the dealer's cards, in most jurisdictions hole carding is a legal form of advantage gambling in casino table games. In other games, like stud poker, casinos normally have rules against rubbernecking or having a confederate stand behind an opponent to signal hole cards.
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After the English Reformation of the 16th century, an increasing number of people were unhappy with the control that the government and monarch had over the Church of England. This led to the formation of independent churches and schools by what are known as Dissenters. The worship of any faith other than Anglicanism was illegal, and those discovered taking part were arrested and even sentenced to death. Oliver Cromwell imposed a period of religious tolerance, but his death precipitated further persecution of Dissenters, principally through the Act of Uniformity 1549, which required the use of the Book of Common Prayer as the only legal form of worship in England.
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Soon, a near-riot breaks out as the people of London rush to collect the twenty pound notes falling from Henry's apartment. A police officer scolds Henry and suggests that he find a more legal form of charity; whereupon Henry vows to establish the most well-equipped and supportive orphanages on the planet. This plan works well until he reaches Las Vegas, where he unknowingly collects a huge sum from three casinos owned by the same Mafioso, and narrowly escapes the owner's thugs. Thereafter Henry flies to Hollywood, where he enlists the aid of a famous makeup artist to create various disguises and false identities to protect himself.
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Logo until 2018 The Santander Consumer Bank AG is a German Credit Institution in the legal form of a corporation with headquarters in Mönchengladbach. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Banco Santander S.A. The Santander Group is one of the largest banks in the world with over 133 million customers and presence in more than 40 countries. In Germany, the bank is represented by the Santander Consumer Bank AG. The Santander Consumer Bank AG has a loan portfolio of €30.8 billion and has about 5.6 million customers. The business model of Santander Consumer Bank AG is based on three pillars: retail banking, vehicle financing and consumer financing.
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Ming China considered Japan a tributary state in its Sinocentric world order. Under the Ming tributary system, Japan could present tribute to the Chinese imperial court and be rewarded in the form of gifts by the emperor. This was essentially an exchange of Japanese products for Chinese goods, and, being the only legal form of trade between China and Japan during the Ming's maritime prohibitions, was extremely profitable. The Japanese were assigned the city of Ningbo as their port of entry into China, and only those with tallies granted by the emperor were officially allowed to travel and trade within the boundaries of China.
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This list of ancient Roman collegia (Latin singular collegium, meaning "joined together"; English for "college") denotes a subset of professional, religious, and burial associations that existed during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. The other major legal form of Roman associations were political clubs, known as sodalitates. The collegia played a critical sociological role in organizing Roman society, particularly among slaves and the other lower classes. Concurrently, much of the history of collegia were left unrecorded by Roman historians, as the aristocratic authors of the time were predominantly uninterested in chronicling the labor union activities, cult worshiping rituals, and general social practices of the working classes.
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The state constitution promulgated in September 1954 attempted to set down in legal form the central tasks of the country in the transition period of the mid-1950s and to regulate China's strides toward socialism. The state constitution provided the framework of a legal system much like that in effect in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928. Much of the Soviet legal code was translated into Chinese, and Soviet legal experts helped rewrite it to suit Chinese conditions. The 1954 state constitution gave the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress the power to appoint and dismiss judicial personnel and to enact legal codes.
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After the family decided to change the company's legal form and to keep the family out of its management, Ferdinand Alexander founded his own industrial design company, Porsche Design, in Stuttgart, Germany, which was later moved to Zell am See, Austria, where the Porsche family owns an estate called Schüttgut. The first product Porsche Design created was a chronograph wristwatch made by Swiss watchmaker company Orfina. Its design started while F.A. was still working at the Porsche Style bureau. It was launched in 1973 and was different from other chronograph wristwatches, as its case and bracelet were made out of matte black chromed steel.
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Social enterprises are not only a structural element of a non- profit. A large portion of social enterprises are non-profits; however, there are also for-profit social enterprises. Social enterprises are often regarded—erroneously—as nonprofit organisations, although many do take on a nonprofit legal form and are treated in academic literature on the subject as a branch or sub-set of nonprofit activity (especially when contrasted with Social Businesses). Social enterprises in the nonprofit form can earn income for their goods or services; they are typically regarded as non-profits that use business strategies to generate revenue to support their charitable missions.
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Emanation of the state is a term used in European law to describe any body which provides a public service under the control of government. The term was defined by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1990, in the case of Foster, A and others v. British Gas plc.Full text: The ECJ's ruling defines the term as: > A body, whatever its legal form, which has been made responsible, pursuant > to a measure adopted by the state, for providing a public service under the > control of the state and has for that purpose special powers beyond that > which result from the normal rules applicable in relations between > individuals.
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Its legal predecessors and different hunting grounds look back at a rich hunting history and performance: a heritage that has been kept alive until today. Gyulaj Forestry and Hunting Plc has been operating in the legal form of a private limited company (by shares) since November 3, 2005. With its center in Tamási it presently does forest management on nearly 23,500 hectares (nearly 60,000 US acres) state forestland and quality game management on nearly 30,000 hectares (nearly 75,000 US acres) in South-West Hungary. It has three different forestry- offices in Tamási, Hőgyész and Pincehely, in this last case together with a sub-office in Nagydorog.
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Its legal predecessors and different hunting grounds look back at a rich hunting history and performance: a heritage that has been kept alive until today. Gyulaj Forestry and Hunting Plc has been operating in the legal form of a private limited company (by shares) since November 3, 2005. With its center in Tamási it presently does forest management on nearly 23,500 hectares (nearly 60,000 US acres) state forestland and quality game management on nearly 30,000 hectares (nearly 75,000 US acres) in South-West Hungary. It has three different forestry- offices in Tamási, Hőgyész and Pincehely, in this last case together with a sub-office in Nagydorog.
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The current offer consists of an interdisciplinary academic curriculum on the process of European integration, aimed particularly at post-graduate Master students: the Advanced Diploma in European Studies (ADES). It was launched on 27 September 2003 with the inauguration of the first academic year, by the President of European Commission, Romano Prodi [2]. In 2004 was inaugurated the current site of the college and the institute got the legal form of foundation, similarly to the one of the College of Europe of Bruges and Natolin. The goal is to train young European graduates in the fields of law, economics and politics of the European Union.
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In English, the roughly equivalent terms are Joint stock company (JSC) and Public limited company (PLC). Akciju sabiedrība is usually set up if intended to carry out a business requiring large investments. Since stock is a security, the raising of public capital by issuing new stock makes it easier to attract more investment than by offering shares to a closed range of applicants, as is the case with the limited liability company (LLC or SIA in Latvian). In addition, certain laws specifically require certain types of commercial activity to be conducted only by companies in the legal form of AS, such as banking, insurance, etc.
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It commissioned large numbers of new operas from three of the leading composers in Europe: Handel, Attilio Ariosti and Giovanni Bononcini.Dean, W. & J.M. Knapp (1995) Handel's operas 1704–1726, p. 298. The Academy took the legal form of a joint-stock corporation under letters patent issued by George I of Great Britain for a term of 21 years with a governor, a deputy governor and at least fifteen directors. The (first) Royal Academy lasted for only nine seasons instead of twenty-one, but both the New or Second Academy and the Opera of the Nobility seem to have operated under its Royal Charter until the expiry of the original term.
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In Ottoman Turkish law, and later under the British Mandate of Palestine, a waqf was defined as usufruct State land (or property) from which the State revenues are assured to pious foundations.A Survey of Palestine (Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the Anglo- American Committee of Inquiry), chapter 8, section 1, British Mandate Government of Palestine: Jerusalem 1946, pp. 226–228 Although the waqf system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of endowment called waqf dates from the 9th century AD (see "History and location" below).
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Rollei was a German company that established a worldwide reputation with the Rolleiflex, a twin-lens reflex camera. Rollei was founded in 1920 as the Werkstatt für Feinmechanik und Optik, Franke & Heidecke in order to make a twin-lens reflex camera. The company changed its name and legal form many times: to Rollei-Werke Franke & Heidecke in 1962, to Rollei-Werke Franke & Heidecke GmbH & Co. KG in 1979, to Rollei Fototechnic GmbH & Co. KG in 1981, and finally to Rollei GmbH in 2004. In 2006, the headquarters of Rollei GmbH were moved to Berlin while production was transferred to Rollei Produktion GmbH, currently Franke & Heidecke GmbH, in Braunschweig.
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In Germany and Austria, the legal basis of the AG is the German Aktiengesetz (abbr. AktG; "shares law") or the Austrian Aktiengesetz (abbr. AktG). Since the German commercial law (§ 19 Handelsgesetzbuch) requires all corporations to specify their legal form in their name, in order to inform the public of the limits on their liability, all German (required by § 4 Aktiengesetz) and Austrian stock corporations include Aktiengesellschaft or AG as part of their name, frequently as a suffix. In Switzerland, the Company Limited by Shares (Aktiengesellschaft in German, société anonyme in French, società anonima in Italian, societad anonima in Romansh) is defined in Title Twenty-Six of the Code of Obligations, Article 620.
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They are a legacy that has to be eliminated because they increasingly won't work". Nobel peace prize winner Jody Williams called the convention "the most important disarmament and humanitarian convention in over a decade". Anti-cluster munitions campaigners praised the rapid progress made in the adoption of the convention, and expressed hope that even non-signatories – such as China, North Korea, Russia, and the US – would be discouraged from using the weapons by the entry into force of the convention. As one of the countries that did not ratify the treaty, the United States said that cluster bombs are a legal form of weapon, and that they had a "clear military utility in combat.
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In this situation, the Minister of Aviation, Brigadier Juan Ignacio San Martín, also attending the meeting, proposed to the President producing cars in the country using high industrial knowledge achieved by the Institute Aerotécnica. On the basis of all property until then affected the Institute of Cordoba Aerotécnica ten factories were established, they were Airplanes, Airplane Engines, Automobiles, Equipment & Instrument, Jet Engines, Machines and Tools, Motorcycles, Parachutes, Propellers & Accessories, and Tractors.Historia del Tractor Pampa by Esteban De León on Pesados Argentinos, 3 Mar 2014 IAME conglomerate took the legal form of company self-sufficient, with a directory, general administration and administrations of factories. The first directory was chaired by Juan Ignacio San Martin.
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In 2001 the Department of Trade and Industry's company law review steering group likewise recommended a charitable incorporated organisation with a separate legal regime, as company law is aimed at the commercial sector, with corporate governance structured around the assumption that members of a company have a financial interest in it. Primary legislation to introduce the CIO as a new legal form of incorporation was included in the Charities Bill in 2004, and this aspect of the Bill was particularly welcomed by charities. It was finally enacted in the Charities Act 2006. The Charity Commission opened a consultation on draft documentation and regulations in 2008, raising a large number of difficulties and suggested improvements.
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As the city of Bonn was not interested in maintaining Beethoven's birthplace in 1888, twelve art- loving citizens and pensioners of Bonn founded the Beethoven-Haus association on 24 February 1889 (former legal form) and acquired the property to turn it into a memorial. They aimed not only at reconstructing the birthplace "as it was when Beethoven was young" but also at setting up a collection comprising all his compositions as manuscripts and printed editions, his letters, pictures and other beloved items as well as all literature about him, i.e. everything that allows the recipient to explore the composer. Their intention was to acquire the house and maintain it as a memorial site.
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Armenian law (), that being the modern Legal system of Armenia (), is a system of law acted in Armenia. The modern legal system of Armenia was founded on September 21, 1991 by the referendum on country's independence and by the declaration of independence on 23 September 1991. For the evolution of Armenian law this phase was a turning point in nation’s historical development, because it marked the beginning of the establishment of an independent, sustainable legal system guaranteeing human freedoms, rights, legitimate interests and welfare. The highest legal form for this new platform of interaction of the Armenian state and society – the Constitution of Armenia – was voted in the referendum from July 5, 1995.
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To get the Orrs' signatures on a "C" Form,A legal form used by professional hockey prior to the introduction of the entry draft system. The other forms, entitled "A" and "B" forms were less legally restrictive, while the "C" Form bound the player to be the exclusive property of the professional ice hockey team. committing Bobby to the Bruins at age eighteen, Blair agreed to have Bobby stay in Parry Sound for his schooling, skipping Generals' practices and only driving south to play games on weekends, a three-hour trip one way. The bonus for signing was (CA$ in dollars), a new car and the Bruins would pay to stucco the family home.
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An association can serve as a non-profit organization (NPO) or non-governmental organization (NGO) and this form is used by several Swiss sections of international NGOs such as Amnesty International, and the World Wildlife Fund, by business firms (see below) or by international organizations such as the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The form can also be used by political parties and alliances, such as trade unions. As the establishment of an association involves only little paperwork and no registration or fees, it is an important legal form in Switzerland and often used by groups such as sport and social clubs. It has also become a useful form for multiparty business organizations.
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The association can also be used as a legal form for a business organization consisting of a number of independent offices, each of which has limited liability vis-à-vis the others. The form is often used by multinational professional firms so they can operate globally under one brand whilst maintaining separate profit pools (and ring-fencing liability) in each country in which they operate. One advantage to the Verein structure is that because control of the firm is decentralized, offices are only bound by regulators in their country. For instance, non-US offices of accounting firms in a Verein structure are not bound by Securities and Exchange Commission subpoenas from the United States.
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One such nascent idea was about to crush the Greek way of life: modern freedoms—or Christian freedoms in Hegel's view—such as the individual's choice of his social class, or of what property to pursue, or which career to follow. Such individual freedoms were excluded from Plato's Republic: Greece being at a crossroads, Plato's new "constitution" in the Republic was an attempt to preserve Greece: it was a reactionary reply to the new freedoms of private property etc., that were eventually given legal form through Rome. Accordingly, in ethical life, it was an attempt to introduce a religion that elevated each individual not as an owner of property, but as the possessor of an immortal soul.
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Varieties of the Nałęcz coat of arms associated with heraldic adoptions Heraldic adoption (), was in the Kingdom of Poland a legal form of ennoblement and adoption into an existing heraldic clan; along with assuming the coat of arms of that clan it took place as a result of an act issued by the King. The adoption of heraldic arms was a procedure used solely in Polish heraldry and was one of the earlier "old way" forms of ennoblement in Poland. It became particularly popular in the 15th century, especially with prosperous or prestigious city burghers and patricians aspiring to attain noble status, but was abolished by the first half of the 17th century.
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A cost-reduced model with the same body, but with a 356-derived four- cylinder engine, was sold as the 912. In 1972, the company's legal form was changed from Kommanditgesellschaft (KG), or limited partnership, to Aktiengesellschaft (AG), or public limited company, because Ferry Porsche came to believe the scale of the company outgrew a "family operation", after learning about Soichiro Honda's "no family members in the company" policy at Honda. This led to the establishment of an Executive Board with members from outside the Porsche family, and a Supervisory Board consisting largely of family members. With this change, most family members in the operation of the company, including F. A. Porsche and Ferdinand Piëch, departed from the company.
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The term private bank refers to a bank that offers private banking services and in its legal form is a partnership. The first private banks were created in St. Gallen in the mid-18th century and in Geneva in the late 18th century as partnerships, and some are still in the hands of the original families such as Hottinger and Mirabaud. In Switzerland, such private banks are called private bankers (a protected term) to distinguish them from the other private banks which are typically shared corporations. Historically in Switzerland a minimum of CHF1 million was required to open an account, however, over the last years many private banks have lowered their entry hurdles to CHF250,000 for private investors.
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Precisely for that reason, Ecuadorians with marital troubles will often ask their godparents for advice. Families are formed in at least one of the following two ways: Civil Marriage (which is the legal form of formalizing a bond between a man and woman, which all married couples are required to undergo) and the Free Union (where a man and woman decide to form a family, without undergoing any official ceremony). The Ecuadorian Constitution accords the members of a Free Union family, the same rights and duties as any other legally constituted family. There are many variations in family structure, as well as in the social and cultural structure in Ecuador, depending on the socioeconomic position in which people live.
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The foundation of this rescue company was necessary in order to continue the Western activities of the original joint stock company, which was still based in Klein Wanzleben.Betina Meißner, "Planting Seeds for Success," Wallstein Publishing House, Göttingen, 2007, pp. 90-91. In 1951 the two companies were merged and took the title Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht formerly Rabbethge & Giesecke AG. In 1975 it was changed into KWS Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht formerly Rabbethge & Giesecke and then finally reduced to KWS SAAT AG in 1999.In spring 2015, KWS SAAT AG was renamed the European stock corporation KWS SAAT SE. At the beginning of July 2019, KWS completed a transformation of its legal form into KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA.
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While today the very possibility of consent before puberty is polemic – often raising emotional responses and leaving intellectuals in a defensive position, in 1977–1978 Foucault, Hocquenghem and Danet talked openly about the idea of a non-abusive pedophilia. The 1977 petition refers to all ages below the age of consent in France (fifteen), including the ages before puberty. The biological definition of pedophilia is recognized by the United Nations and accepted in the Francophone world. Both Foucault and Hocquenghem agreed that consent is a contractual notion. “This notion of consent is a trap, in any case,” said Hocquenghem. “What is sure is that the legal form of an intersexual consent is nonsense.
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A number of communist states also held forced labor as a legal form of punishment for certain periods of time and again critics of these policies assert that many of those sentenced to forced labor camps such as the Gulag were sent there for political rather than criminal reasons. Some of the Gulag camps were located in very harsh environments, such as Siberia, which resulted in the death of a significant fraction of inmates before they could complete their prison terms. Officially, the Gulag was shut down in 1960, though they remained de facto in action for some time after. Many deaths were also caused by involuntary deportations of entire ethnic groups.
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Gregory v. Helvering, 293 U.S. 465 (1935), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court concerned with U.S. income tax law.. The case is cited as part of the basis for two legal doctrines: the business purpose doctrine and the doctrine of substance over form. The business purpose doctrine is essentially that if a transaction has no substantial business purpose other than the avoidance or reduction of Federal tax, the tax law will not regard the transaction. The doctrine of substance over form is essentially that for Federal tax purposes, a taxpayer is bound by the economic substance of a transaction if the economic substance varies from its legal form.
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At the Clear Lake Massacre, local Pomo killed two white men who had been exploiting local Indians, enslaving them and abusing them and sexually assaulting Indian women. As a result, the whites created a massive military campaign of savagery and brutality. On the April 22, 1850, to "craft its own code of compulsory labor", an "Act for the Government and Protection of Indians" was passed which legally curtailed rights of Indians. Between 1851 and 1852, the federal government appointed three Indian commissioners - Redick McKee, George W. Barbour, and O. M. Wozencraft - to negotiate treaties with the California Indians because Native American tribes were recognized as foreign nations, making treaties the legal form of negotiation.
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Wealthy Jewish citizens received preferential treatment though the Gildemeester Organization. This was not actually intended to bestow any kind of "privilege", but rather used as a pseudo-legal form for the Nazi state to rob Jewish assets directly, in contrast to the standard "aryanization" procedure, whereby mostly individuals with the Nazi Party benefitted. The organization and effectiveness of the Vienna "Central Agency", which was located in the Palais Albert Rothschild, quickly became a model example within the SS for the establishment of the German "Reich Central Agency for Jewish Emigration" (German: Reichszentrale für jüdische Auswanderung) in Berlin. Later, based on the so-called "Vienna Model", Central Agencies for Jewish Emigration were also established in Amsterdam and Prague.
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On 1 July 2005, the electric power transmission division of Elektroprivreda Srbije was split from the company and established its own public enterprise subsidiary Elektromreža Srbije (EMS). In November 2016, Elektromreža Srbije changed its legal form to joint-stock company with 100% of shares being owned by the Government of Serbia. In March 2018, the European electricity transmission association ENTSO-E warned over delay of electric clocks throughout Europe's power network due to lower frequency which was caused by the loss of electricity in the network. Namely, the loss was created due to political dispute between Serbia and Kosovo where the Kosovar power transmission company KOSTT took 113 GWh unauthorizedly from the network in the period of January–February 2018.
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As the title indicates, Klein is concerned with the persistence of African slavery under French rule. He argues that customary law and French appointed chiefs allowed formal slavery to continue in some areas up to the 1920s, and the social relationship to survive through independence. The Jacquinot Decree of 1951 invoked the power of the state to protect women from claims to their services—by their own or their husband's family—after marriage, and enabled women to obtain a divorce more easily and invalidated in-laws' claims to any bride-price that had been paid to a woman's family to legitimize the marriage. This decree also recognized monogamy as the only legal form of marriage and allowed couples to marry without parental consent.
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Thus, a non-lawyer may sell legal forms, provide general instructions for filling out the forms, and provide typing services for the entry of information into forms, provided no legal advice is given. Basic instruction on how to complete a legal form, where to place information on the form, and the definition of legal terms used on a form constitute the provision of legal information. Instructing a person on how to phrase information in a legal document or form, or advising the person as to what he or she should say in court, is the provision of legal advice. Similarly, application of legal rules and principles to a specific set of facts and advising a course of conduct is almost always held to constitute legal advice.
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The National Television and Radio Council of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established on October 5, 2002 with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Television and Radio Broadcasting". The order defines legal, economic, and organizational basis of the television and radio activities aimed at ensuring the right of everyone to freedom of information, opinion and freedom of expression, open and free discussions. Broadcasting in the Republic of Azerbaijan is carried out by state, municipal, private and public broadcasters, which are the basis of the national TV and radio broadcasting system. All broadcasters in the Republic of Azerbaijan, regardless of their ownership and organizational-legal form, have equal rights and bear the same responsibility before the law.
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The main function of the CERCA Institution is to provide coverage to the aspects related to the organization of CERCA Centers, its economic supervision and economic control, to study the legal aspects and to make follow-up with the activity of the centers and its contract programmes with the Government of Catalonia. The juridical area of I-CERCA carries out technical tasks of secretary's office and/or of juridical support in 20 government organs of CERCA Centers. These bodies have different denominations depending on its legal form. The activity includes the prior advice to the calls and the elaboration of the agendas, as well as the assistance to the bodies of governance and delegation meetings, if this is the case.
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Despite the identification of these four factors, the court must actually perform a rounded evaluation of all the circumstances. Thus, it would be relevant to consider the distribution of the assets if in separate states, the purpose of the trust (which might be the evasion of taxation or other provisions in some of the states where the assets are located), the lex domicilii or lex patriae of the settlor and the beneficiaries (particularly if the legal transaction is a marriage settlement or testamentary), the legal form of the document, and the law of the place where the document was executed (this latter factor may either be accidental and so of marginal value, or contrived to take advantage of a favourable law and so highly significant).
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The Tax Reform Act of 1969 created the private foundation in its current legal form and modern tax code establishes the legal framework for their operation and taxation. These restrictions came about as a reform effort to remedy perceived abuses of private foundations such as the claim that this type of charitable organization more likely served the private interests of the rich rather than the intended charitable purpose. Such criticism asserted that private individuals created private foundations as a vehicle to protect their assets from taxation; meanwhile the descendants may assert control over these assets almost in perpetuity. In 2007 The Wall Street Journal reported that wealthy families are both increasing the number of foundations they close as well as increasing the number they establish.
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Byrd strongly opposed Clinton's 1993 efforts to allow gays to serve in the military and supported efforts to limit gay marriage. In 1996, before the passage of the Defense of Marriage Act, he said, "The drive for same-sex marriage is, in effect, an effort to make a sneak attack on society by encoding this aberrant behavior in legal form before society itself has decided it should be legal. [...] Let us defend the oldest institution, the institution of marriage between male and female as set forth in the Holy Bible." Despite his previous position, he later stated his opposition to the Federal Marriage Amendment and argued that it was unnecessary because the states already had the power to ban gay marriages.
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The history of forced labor in the United States encompasses to all forms of unfree labor which have occurred within the present day borders of the United States through modern times. "Unfree labor" is a generic or collective term for those work relations, in which people are employed against their will by the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), lawful compulsion, or other extreme hardship to themselves or to members of their families. The arrival of the Europeans ushered in the Atlantic slave trade, where Africans were sold into chattel slavery into the American continent. It lasted from the 15th through 19th centuries and was the largest legal form of unfree labor in the history of the United States, reaching 4 million slaves at its height.
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In June 1985, an English-language catalog was published for the first time, which has been continually reprinted and updated. Since the publication of the catalog, foreign sales rose to about 80% of total revenue and now include all of the oil-producing countries. In mid-March 1989, after 85 years, the lease for the company premises on Bennigsenstrasse was terminated without conditions and the company moved to Berlin-Marienfelde. Effective January 1, 1992, the company changed its legal form: The companies Sommer & Runge KG, Petrotest, V. Wierzbicki, Berlin and Petrotest Laboratory Supplies, Hamburg were merged to form a new company, Petrotest Instruments GmbH & Co. KG. The over 100-year-old name Sommer & Runge had to be abandoned due to German commercial register regulations and the international recognition of the name Petrotest.
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In 1901, McCarthy was appointed the chief document clerk for the Wisconsin Free Library Commission. Although the position was designed to provide legislators with reference materials, McCarthy ultimately expanded its scope to include researching legislation from around the world and drafting legislation. He was interested in improving lawmaking from what he saw as a chaotic process largely controlled by lobbyists to a systematic one that produced well-crafted legislation that could both survive court challenge and serve as a model for other states and the federal government. He formulated the concept of a legislative reference library— a place where legislators could take their ideas, learn about the experiences of other states and countries, cast their ideas in concrete terms, and then have the help of trained draftsmen to put their ideas into legal form.
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Memorial's estimations spoke of around 5,000 people, and in 2007 a similar estimation was made by Reuters. On April 29, 2006, Ramzan Kadyrov officially disbanded his security service, saying on television that "These structures are no longer existent, and those calling themselves Kadyrovites are impostors and must be punished in accordance with the law." Some of the Kadyrovtsy gunmen were completely legalized into the Chechen government's power structures, while others, estimated at least 1,800, continued to exist in the semi-legal form of paramilitary formations. The ATCs were quickly closed down and some of the members were transferred to newly formed battalions: Sever (North, led by Muslim Ilyasov and composed of an estimated 500 men) and Yug (South, led by Alimbek Delimkhanov and composed of an estimated 700 men).
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Honor code policies and principles are promoted by BYUSA, the campus student association, and the Honor Code Office. The office handles all accusations and violations, and works in conjunction with bishops of BYU wards. If the student's bishop is thought to be able to corroborate the alleged infraction, the accused student may be required to sign a legal form waiving his or her rights to ecclesiastical privacy, which allows the school direct access to the bishop and any content discussed on the said topic, or others which may have been in violation of the Honor Code, but not yet reported. Not all students at the school are familiar with LDS standards, so students who break the code for the first time are usually only contacted by mail as a warning and clarification of standards.
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Since then, the brewery has been known as the (Grand ducal state-owned brewery of Baden). The November Revolution of 1918, which led to the abolition of the monarchy in Baden, caused the company to shorten their name to (State-owned brewery of Baden), as from then on the brewery was owned by the state of Baden. Since 1922, the company has had the legal form of a stock corporation, the shares of which are currently held entirely by the associated company of the state of Baden-Württemberg. Between 1920 and 1933, Max Jäger, later mayor of the city of Rastatt, was the Rothaus brewery's manager. Under CEO Norbert Nothhelfer, who had previously been a district president of Freiburg, Rothaus doubled its beer sales in a shrinking market in the 1990s.
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During the time of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, conversion to Roman Catholicism did not result in total termination of the person's Jewish status. Legally, the converts were no longer regarded as Jews and thus allowed to stay in the Iberian Peninsula. During the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal, however, many Jews were forced to convert, but thereafter were regarded by many people, though not in a legal form, as New Christians, distinguishing them as separate from the Old Christians of non-Jewish lineage. Since legal, political, religious and social pressure pushed many people to untrue conversions (public behaviour as Christians while retaining some Jewish beliefs and practices privately, a kind of crypto-Judaism), they were still treated with suspicion, a stigma sometimes carried for several generations by their identifiable descendants.
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Mediawan is a French media conglomerate. It was founded in December 2015 by Xavier Niel (founder of Free), Matthieu Pigasse (general director of the bank Lazard and, with Xavier Niel, a major stock holder in Le Monde and L'Obs) and Pierre-Antoine Capton (founder of the French media production company Troisième Œil Productions) under the legal form of a special-purpose acquisition company ("SPAC") to acquire assets and operations in the media production and distribution business in Europe with the ambition to become "one of the largest platforms for European content". The company went public on April 22, 2016, raising €250 million ($310 million). In July 2016, Mediawan acquired CC&C;, a film production company specializing in documentaries. In January 2017, Mediawan acquired AB Groupe for €270 million.
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Not only were the opposed to the changes the bishops had been excluded from decision-making regarding changes in liturgy, doctrine and the Royal Supremacy. The Commons approved the changes and the Lords 21-18 approved after pressure was brought to bear on them; concessions were made in a more Catholic tone in eucharistic doctrine, and allowance made for the use of Mass vestments and other traditional clerical dress in use in the second year of the reign of Edward VI, i.e. January 1548 to 49, when the Latin Rite was still the legal form of worship (the 'Ornaments Rubric' in the 1559 Prayer Book seems to refer to the allowance as set forth in the 1549 BCP).John H. R. Moorman, The Anglican Spiritual Tradition, 1983, p.
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ICOMP comprises two distinct but related bodies referred to as the Secretariat and the Council: The Secretariat is a UK-registered company which is responsible for the administration and secretariat of ICOMP, and the Council is a group of individuals which determines the policy of ICOMP. The Secretariat has been set up in a legal form which is commonly used by not-for-profit associations: a UK registered company limited by guarantee. UK companies limited by guarantee do not have a share capital, but have guarantors, also called trustees, who undertake to make a financial contribution towards the winding up of the company in the event of a shortfall upon cessation of business. The Secretariat of ICOMP has one initial trustee but provision has been made for other trustees to be admitted.
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The college was created in its legal form by Royal Charter on 5 December 1975. It was registered as a charity on 24 May 1976, with the aim "to promote the advancement of legal education and the study of law in all its branches". Until the transfer of its training business to The College of Law Limited in 2012, The College of Law was in the top 100 of UK charities ranked by expenditure. Coat of arms of the former College of Law Following the recommendations of the Ormrod Report on the reform of legal education in England and Wales, The Law Society submitted proposals in 1975 for a 36-week Final Examination course for aspiring solicitors and a Common Professional Examination (CPE) or law conversion course for non-law graduates to be taught at The College of Law.
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The constitution of the London School of Economics, which unusually takes the legal form of a company limited by guarantee, currently requires its seventeen-member "Council" to have two student representatives, and three staff representatives.London School of Economics, Memorandum and Articles of Association (2006) art 10.5 required a 25 member Council of 14 lay governors, 6 elected academic governors, 3 ex-officio governors, and 2 student governors. However, in 2014, the composition was altered, to be set "by the Court" of the university. This is a large, mostly self-perpetuating body of lay members. Anomalously, the King’s College London Act 1997 required a 38 member council with five ex-officio members, twenty lay appointees, eight elected by academics, three elected by students, and two by non-academic staff members, however this provision still remains to be put into effect on the "appointed day".
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The European Cooperative Society (SCE, for Latin ) is, in corporate law, a European cooperative type of company, established in 2006 and related to the Societas Europaea (SE). They may be established and may operate throughout the European Economic Area (including the European Economic Community). The legal form was created to remove the need for cooperatives to establish a subsidiary in each Member state of the European Union in which they operate, and to allow them to move their registered office and headquarters freely from one Member State to another, keeping their legal identity and without having to register or wind up any legal persons. No matter where they are established, SCEs are governed by a single EEA-wide set of rules and principles which are supplemented by the laws on co-operatives in each Member State, and other areas of law.
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Sigismund, criticized by the Sejm (the Polish parliament made up of the szlachta, who were always reluctant to levy taxes upon themselves to pay for any military force) for his failure to keep Moscow, received little funding for the army. This led to a mutiny of the Polish regular army (wojsko kwarciane), or rather to the specific semi-legal form of mutiny practiced in the Commonwealth: a konfederacja (confederatio). The resulting konfederacja rohaczewska was considered the largest and most vicious of the soldiers' konfederacja's in the history of the Commonwealth, and it pillaged Commonwealth territories from 1612 until the most rebellious of the konfederate's were defeated on 17 May 1614 at the Battle of Rohatyn, whereupon the rest received their wages. The leader of the konfederacja, Jan Karwacki, was captured and sent in chains by the future hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski to his mentor, hetman Żółkiewski, and later executed in Lwów.
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However, from the early 1960s, pressure mounted on remaining independent farmers to join the LPGs and for existing LPGs to merge in more fully collectivised forms. This process, and a drive to increased industrialisation, led in the 1970s to the separation of crop and animal production and the merging of each across villages to form much larger cooperative units in which, for example, one LPG for crop production with perhaps of land would supply feed to two LPGs working in animal production. Following German reunification in 1990, the LPG was no longer a legal form of business and regulations were introduced governing their dissolution and the restructuring of enterprises into other legal forms. Some former LPG members, typically those with a strong family background in independent farming, reclaimed their land and started again as independent farmers building up to a viable farm size through renting.
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The Pontiff also defended traditional Catholic views on same-sex marriage; in 2004 he said to the Italian newspaper La Repubblica: "Above all, we must have great respect for these people who also suffer and who want to find their own way of correct living (also including those who wish to try to be gay and celibate). On the other hand, to create a legal form of a kind of homosexual marriage, in reality, does not help these people." The Pope later described gay marriage as "pseudo-matrimony" and declared that "the various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages … by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man." Benedict XVI was also against gay couples adopting children; he wrote a Vatican paper concerned with the adoption of children into same-sex couples.
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To give the Ministry of Supply's control over atomic energy a legal form, a bill was introduced into the House of Commons on 1 May 1946 that became law as the Atomic Energy Act 1946 on 6 November 1946. During the war, Chadwick, Cockcroft, Oliphant, Peierls, Harrie Massey and Herbert Skinner had met in Washington, D.C., in November 1944, and drawn up a proposal for a British atomic energy research establishment, which they had calculated would cost around £1.5 million. The Tube Alloys Committee endorsed their recommendation in April 1945, and Attlee announced its creation in the House of Commons on 29 October 1945, informing the House that it would cost about £1 million to build and £500,000 per annum to run. The obvious choices for a director of the new establishment were Chadwick and Cockcroft, and the former urged that the latter be appointed.
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The other thought was that, as in tennis, a top-spun ball was more easily directed, dipped faster and possessed more stability in the air. An East Coast Eagles AFC player uses a handball pass to dispose of the ball before he is tackled by a Campbelltown Kangaroos AFC opponent. One notable variant of the handpass which began to develop was known as the flick pass, in which a player used his open hand instead of his fist to propel the ball. The legality of the flick pass has varied throughout the history of the game: it began to gain prominence in the early 1920s, before the Australian National Football Council (ANFC) voted to abolish it before the 1925 season, making the handpass with a clenched fist (sometimes termed a punch pass to distinguish it from the flick pass) the only legal form of handpass.
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Rocket Internet headquarters building in Berlin. The company was founded in Berlin in 2007 by three brothers: Marc, Oliver and Alexander Samwer and was once also connected to the European Founders Fund, an associated company. In 2008, Rocket Internet founded Zalando, inspired by US online retailer Zappos.com.Bloomberg Businessweek; 3/5/2012, Issue 4269, p74-80, 6p, 5 Color Photographs On July 1, 2014, Rocket Internet changed its legal form from a GmbH (private limited company) to an AG (public limited company). The initial public offering took place on October 2, 2014 at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The company was listed in the Entry Standard and got uplisted in Prime Standard on September 26, 2016. In October 2016 it was announced that Rocket Internet replaces Chorus Clean Energy AG in SDAX. Rocket Internet SE joined the MDAX index of German mid-cap stocks on March 19, 2018.
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" In August 2018, Rebecca Ruth Gould, Professor of Islamic world and comparative literature at the University of Birmingham published the first extended scholarly critique of the IHRA definition: Legal Form and Legal Legitimacy: The IHRA Definition of Antisemitism as a Case Study in Censored Speech. Gould described "the IHRA definition as a quasi-law" and documents the meaning of the IHRA document's self-description as "legally non-binding," the history of its application, and the legal dynamics bearing on its deployment in university contexts. In November, Gould stated that "These dimensions are made all the more contentious by its imprecise content and the significant ambiguity around its legal status. On the basis of the many ways in which the IHRA definition has been used to censor speech, particularly on university campuses" and "that the definition's proponents have not paid enough attention to the harms of censoring Israel-critical speech.
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VP Bank headquarters in Vaduz 1956 through 1962: Founding and development Until 1956, there were only two banks in Liechtenstein: the Liechtensteinische Landesbank as an institution governed by public law, and Bank in Liechtenstein AG, a private-law company. On 6 April 1956, Guido Feger founded Verwaltungs- und Privat-Bank – today's VP Bank – in the legal form of a Liechtenstein institution with start-up capital of 2 million Swiss francs. The founding was a logical extension of Guido Feger's Allgemeinen Treuunternehmens (ATU), at the time the largest and oldest trust company in Vaduz. In 1956, it employed 13 people in Liechtenstein and, on behalf of clients, four offices workers in foreign countries. Together, they catered to the needs of roughly 900 clients in matters pertaining to the fiduciary administration of real estate interests, securities portfolios and current accounts – mainly in the CHF realm and the United States – as well as patent rights, loans and fixed-term deposits.
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As the FCC reasoned, the capitulation in 1945, as well as the seizure of power by the National Socialist Party, was not merely a change in the legal form of the state (which would have left the legal status of civil servants untouched), but rather, that the institutional organisation of the German civil state had already ceased to exist, following the power grab of the National Socialist Party. Consequently, in 1945 and for many years previously, there had been no Reich civil service in which to be employed. The same reasoning applied to the judiciary and university professors. The entire body of German civil state organs and institutions without exception had, under the Nazi regime, been turned into "a power apparatus in the service of the Nazi Party"; a process initiated in 1933 with the "law to safeguard the unity of party and state" the continuation of which had the effect of state institutions being progressively incorporated into or replaced by the Nazi Party.
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Since the end of the war it had been administered from Damascus by a joint Arab-British military administration headed by Abdullah's younger brother Faisal, and then became a no man's land after the French defeated Faisal's army in July 1920 and the British initially chose to avoid a definite connection with Palestine. The addition of Transjordan was given legal form on 21 March 1921, when the British incorporated Article 25 into the Palestine Mandate. Article 25 was implemented via the 16 September 1922 Transjordan memorandum, which established a separate "Administration of Trans- Jordan" for the application of the Mandate under the general supervision of Great Britain. In April 1923, five months before the mandate came into force, Britain announced its intention to recognise an "independent Government" in Transjordan; this autonomy increased further under a 20 February 1928 treaty, and the state became fully independent with the Treaty of London of 22 March 1946.
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Svoboda party – the new phenomenon on the Ukrainian right-wing scene, OSW Commentary, 5 July 2011 The party remained associated with the 'wide social nationalist movement' (consisting of numerous organisations and websites) and gathered around the Social-Nationalist Assembly which was set up in 2008. Yuri Mykhailyshyn, Tyahnybok's adviser who topped the list of Svoboda's Lviv branch in the 2010 municipal council elections, founded the Internet Joseph Goebbels Political Research Centre (the centre later changed Goebbels for Ernst Jünger) in 2005. Ukraine's Patriot, a paramilitary organisation dissolved in 2004 and re-established in 2005 in a different legal form, continued to maintain ties with Svoboda. It was not until 2007 that this paramilitary organisation announced the break-up of all relationships with "Svoboda".Заява Організації „Патріот України” про розрив стосунків з ВО „Свобода” , una-unso.inf, 18 December 2007 Even then, some prominent Svoboda members, such as Andriy Illienko from Svoboda's Kyiv branch, continued to identify themselves with the ideas of "Patriot of Ukraine".
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As of January 1, 2004, the brand KfW IPEX-Bank (IPEX stands for International Project and Exportfinanzing) was constituted within the framework of a four- year transitional phase (the so-called bank-in-the-bank phase). On 1 January 2008, it was spun off in the legal form of a Limited liability company as a company and is subject to full tax liability and in particular the banking supervision, which does not apply to the parent company, the KfW. In 2014, KfW successfully lobbied for the KfW IPEX-Bank to remain under national supervision on the grounds that its parent group is in the ownership of the German government; the bank had origionally been on a list of 24 German lenders that were among 128 banks across the eurozone deemed significant enough to be supervised directly by the European Central Bank.Alexander Huebner (February 12, 2014), Germany's KfW wants its export bank removed from ECB oversight Reuters.
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To coincide with the change at the helm, the establishment's legal form was altered: formerly a limited partnership, it became a public limited company by the name of Grand Hotel National AG, with César Ritz on the board of directors. Tourism in the meantime had been put on a more professional footing, tourist boards were being established and international networks forged: at the time, Lucerne was still regarded purely as a summer destination, and the clientele travelled further south for the winter. The newly established tourist board published its first figures: in 1892 78,000 visitors took advantage of overnight accommodation offered by the town's hotels and guest houses, a figure rising to almost 140,000 in 1900. The Grand Hôtel National (as it was now called) found itself running short of space, so the decision was made to expand: 1897 saw the opening of the dining room annexe on the east side, while what used to be the dining room became the ballroom.
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The Lutheran members of the Diet, under the well- founded impression that the prohibition of any future reformation meant death to the whole movement, entered, in the legal form of an appeal on behalf of themselves, their subjects and all Christians, a protest on 25 April 1529. They protested against all those measures of the Diet which they saw as contrary to the Word of God, to their conscience, and to the decision of the Diet of 1526, and appealed from the decision of the majority to the Emperor, to a general or German council, and impartial Christian judges. Their action created the term "Protestantism"—still used today as a name for this religious movement. The document was signed by the Elector John of Saxony, Margrave George of Brandenburg, Dukes Ernest and Francis of Braunschweig-Luneburg, Landgrave Philip of Hesse, Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt, and the representatives of fourteen imperial cities, including Strassburg and St. Gall of the Zwinglian persuasion.
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VFA rules (or "Association rules" or "throw-pass rules") variation of Australian rules football was a distinct set of rules which was played in the Victorian Football Association, and several other smaller competitions which elected to switch to the new rules, between 1938 and 1949. Although there were several other small differences between the VFA's rules and the national rules, the primary distinguishing feature was that throwing the ball from below the shoulders with two hands was a legal form of handpass – known as a throw-pass – under the VFA's rules. The ease of throw-passing compared with traditional handpassing resulted in the VFA's code fostering a faster playing style with fewer stoppages and more run-and-carry than was seen under the traditional rules at the time. The VFA's code operated as a rival to the national code throughout the 1940s, and some innovations of the VFA's code were incorporated into the national code over that time.
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In the Deccan region, specifically present-day Maharashtra, Buddhist establishments are known to have received land grants during Satavahana rule since as early as 1st century CE. The historical evidence of the practice of donating lands to Brahmanas in return of spiritual favour is traced back to 3rd-4th century CE in South India. The earliest royal land grant inscription that mentions the word "brahmadeya" is discovered from the 3rd century CE of the reign of Brihatphala yana King Jayavarman. Brahmadeya soon developed into a systematic attempt to avail subsistence to Brahmanas and a common practice onward 4th century CE. The registration of donated land that included cultivable land, garden, residential plot were recommended by the Smrities and Puranas of the post-Gupta period and were recorded on the copper plates. The tradition of land grants through the history of practice took the shape of a legal form governed by the law book called, Dharmaśāstra.
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The TND type of development plan, while well known in design circles for quite some time, was originated the US in a legal form in 1990 thru 1992 in the Town of Bedford, New Hampshire. Recognizing that for the design to be implemented zoning laws needed to adapt, an effort was initiated by a group of four individuals (Rick Chellman, (now "TND" Engineering), Norman Stahl (US Federal Court of Appeals); Andreas Duany and Scott Brooks) who came together to write and then seek the passage of the first "TND Ordinance". This "ordinance" put into a traditional zoning form the necessary legalities that prior to its enactment made it legally impossible to gain regulatory approvals in much of the US as the common zoning laws of the period had requirements that mandated suburban design principles directly contrary to the TND design needs. Most importantly was the adaptation away from a single 35 mph design speed on all suburban streets as had been the standard since the 1960s.
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Ridgeway went with them and distinguished himself; and Chichester knighted his eldest son, Robert, at that time sixteen years of age, who had accompanied him. He assisted in the preliminary work of surveying the escheated counties of Ulster preparatory to the plantation, and on 30 November urged on Salisbury the necessity of putting the scheme into execution as speedily as possible. He was thanked by the king for his diligence, but the survey proved defective. On 19 July 1609 a new commission was issued to him and others. On 31 July the commissioners set out from Dublin towards the north, returning about the beginning of October, but it was not until the end of February 1610 that the inquisitions taken by them were drawn up in legal form and the maps properly prepared. Arriving in London about 12 March, Ridgeway had an interview with Salisbury, and handed over to him all the documents connected with the survey.
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While the secondary literature refers to different means of "lifting" or "piercing" the veil (see Ottolenghi (1959)), judicial dicta supporting the view that the rule in Salomon is subject to exceptions are thin on the ground. Lord Denning MR outlined the theory of the "single economic unit" - wherein the court examined the overall business operation as an economic unit, rather than strict legal form - in DHN Food Distributors v Tower Hamlets.[1976] However this has largely been repudiated and has been treated with caution in subsequent judgments. In Woolfson v Strathclyde BC, the House of Lords held that it was a decision to be confined to its facts (the question in DHN had been whether the subsidiary of the plaintiff, the former owning the premises on which the parent carried out its business, could receive compensation for loss of business under a compulsory purchase order notwithstanding that under the rule in Salomon, it was the parent and not the subsidiary that had lost the business).
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The House of Lords had only formally recognised the subject recently. Certain key academics, notably Professor Peter Birks at Oxford and Professor Gareth Jones at Cambridge, had been striving to bring greater awareness and rationalisation to this area of the law. But at the time the law of restitution was only taught on a handful of postgraduate courses, and few lawyers or judges had any practical experience of it (although this would change rapidly – in a decision of the House of Lords in 1998 Lord Goff would refer to counsel before the court as "seasoned warriors in the continuing battle of the swaps"). Facing this largely unexplored legal landscape, the lawyers advising the parties had several areas of legal uncertainty which they would have to confront: # Where a party sought to recover money which had been paid out under a contract which was void (as most of the banks had done in the swap transactions with local authorities), the normal mode of recovery was a legal form of action still known by the archaic name of "money had and received".
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The winning Allies of World War II determined that German radio after World War II would not broadcast the same propaganda as the pre-war Reichs-Rundfunk- Gesellschaft ("Reich Broadcasting Company"). A federal structure, the renunciation of state influence and the avoidance of economic dependence were to be the key of the radio and TV institutions under public law (', public radio and television organisations). The legal form of the new entity was Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts ("Institution under Public Law"), a non- government and nonprofit organisation with its own administration under the control of two commissions, the Rundfunkrat (Broadcasting Council, responsible for the programmed content) and the Verwaltungsrat (Administration Council, responsible for management and infrastructure), in which different stakeholders from German public life were represented. ARD's founding members were Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR), the station for the former British zone, Südwestfunk (SWF), the station in the French zone, and four stations located in the former American sector— Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), Süddeutscher Rundfunk (SDR), Hessischer Rundfunk (HR), and Radio Bremen (RB).
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Main entrance – 25 North Colonnade (Canary Wharf, London) – FSA building The Securities and Investments Board Ltd ("SIB") was incorporated on 7 June 1985 at the instigation of the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, who was the sole member of the company and who delegated certain statutory regulatory powers to it under the then Financial Services Act 1986. It had the legal form of a company limited by guarantee (number 01920623). After a series of scandals in the 1990s, culminating in the collapse of Barings Bank, there was a desire to bring to an end the self-regulation of the financial services industry and to consolidate regulatory responsibilities which had been split amongst multiple regulators. The SIB revoked the recognition of The Financial Intermediaries, Managers and Brokers Regulatory Association (FIMBRA) as a Self-Regulatory Organisation (SRO) in the United Kingdom in June 1994, subject to a transitional wind-down period to provide for continuity of regulation, whilst members moved to the Personal Investment Authority (PIA), which in turn was subsumed.
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During the peace negotiations of 1866 (end of the war between Prussia and the German Confederation led by the imperial monarchy of Austria, on which Bavaria had fought), Wilhelm I, interested in history, had desired the transfer of the Murembrg Kaiserburg and a vague promise of his nephew, Louis II, because the castle could only be ceded with the consent of the state's parliament for a genuine transfer of state property. The Prussian representative, Savigny, commented on the King's wish that, according to his wish, it was not a question of property acquisition, but merely the fact that he did not have to be a stranger on occasional visits to the castle of his fathers may live their as locals. Bismarck also placed the greatest value on the fact that King Wilhelm was not disappointed in this matter, in the case of a legitimate wish, while he considered the legal form of concession in this pure sentiment of feeling as indifferent. The Bavarian Flag, alongside the Prussian flag also flew as a reference to the right to be the King of Prussia.
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287 laid down certain regulations concerning trustees: It belongs to the bishop to judge of the necessity of constituting them, their number and manner of appointment; their names are to be proposed to the bishop by the parish rector; the appointment is to be made in writing and is revocable at the will of the bishop; the trustees selected should be men who have made their Easter duty, who contribute to the support of the Church, who send their children to Catholic schools, and who are not members of prohibited societies; nothing can be done at a board meeting except by the consent of the rector who presides; in case of disagreement between the trustees and the rector, the judgment of the bishop must be accepted. A decree of the Congregation of the Council29 July 1911 declares that the vesting of the title to church property in a board of trustees is a preferable legal form, and that in constituting such boards in the United States, the best method is that in use in New York, by which the Ordinary, his vicar-general, the parish priest, and two laymen approved by the bishop form the corporation.
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Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions, 1999, p.5 From the moment they arrived in prison, through their interrogation prisoners were asked if they were willing to give an "interview." (mosahebah) "Some remained incarcerated even after serving their sentences simply because they declined the honor of being interviewed."Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions, 1999, p.138 Scholars disagree over whether at least some forms of torture have been made legal according to the Qanon-e Ta'zir (Discretionary Punishment Law) of the Islamic Republic. Abrahamian argues statutes forbidding ‘lying to the authorities’ and ability of clerics to be both interrogators and judges, applying an "indefinite series of 74 lashings until they obtain `honest answers`" without the delay of a trial, make this a legal form of torture.Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions, 1999, p.133 Another scholar, Christoph Werner, claims he could find no Ta'zir law mentioning lying to authorities but did find one specifically banning torture in order to obtain confessions. Abrahamian also argues that a strong incentive to produce a confession by a defendant (and thus to pressure the defendant to confess) is the Islamic Republic's allowing of a defendant’s confession plus judges "reasoning" to constitute sufficient proof of guilt.
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287 laid down certain regulations concerning trustees: It belongs to the bishop to judge of the necessity of constituting them, their number and manner of appointment; their names are to be proposed to the bishop by the parish rector; the appointment is to be made in writing and is revocable at the will of the bishop; the trustees selected should be men who have made their Easter duty, who contribute to the support of the Church, who send their children to Catholic schools, and who are not members of prohibited societies; nothing can be done at a board meeting except by the consent of the rector who presides; in case of disagreement between the trustees and the rector, the judgment of the bishop must be accepted. A decree of the Congregation of the Council29 July 1911 declares that the vesting of the title to church property in a board of trustees is a preferable legal form, and that in constituting such boards in the United States, the best method is that in use in New York, by which the Ordinary, his vicar-general, the parish priest, and two laymen approved by the bishop form the corporation.
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