When she first observed another laywoman leading training, she recalls, she hung back.
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Only when the laywoman signs the medical student off as competent can the student get their pass.
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In contrast, Catholic laywoman Phyllis Schlafly mobilized evangelical white women against the ERA with the Stop ERA Campaign.
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That day, a Bloomberg News article quoted the academy's president, Margaret Archer, a laywoman professor, as saying that Mr. Sanders had asked for the invitation.
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"I'm talking about longtime, cradle Catholics who were very involved in our parish," said Colleen McCahill, a laywoman who is the pastoral associate at St. Vincent de Paul Church in Baltimore, speaking of the parishioners who have come to her recently to say they are leaving.
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Jainism has a fourfold order of muni (male monastics), aryika (female monastics), Śrāvaka (layman) and sravika (laywoman). This order is known as a sangha.
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Pauline-Marie Jaricot (22 July 1799-9 January 1862) was a French laywoman, the founder of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Living Rosary Association.
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The same month, the Pope appointed Brazilian laywoman Cristiane Murray, who previously served as the Vatican Radio's commentator for papal events and international trips for 25 years, as Vice Director.
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She pursued further studies throughout her life, at Columbia University, University of Southern California, and New York University."An Honor to Womankind: Eloise Bibb Thompson (Poet, Journalist, Playwright, Social Worker, Laywoman)", CreoleGen.org (May 23, 2014).
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Following the attainment she joined the Buddha's monastic community and became a bhikkhuni. Buddhist writer Susan Murcott notes that the story of Khema's enlightenment is a rare case of a laywoman attaining enlightenment before becoming a monastic.
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Rohrlich, 1998, p. 7, notes: "For Germaine Ribière, as for other members of the Amitié Chrétienne, the rescue of Jews was a top priority, a patriotic duty, part of their resistance to Nazism."Germaine Ribière remained a laywoman.
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Matilde Salem, ASC (November 15, 1904 – February 27, 1961, Aleppo, Syria) was a Syrian Salesian cooperator, community leader, and Catholic Laywoman. She was proclaimed a Servant of God by the Archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo, Isidore Fattal.
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On December 2, 1980, members of the Salvadoran National Guard were suspected to have raped and murdered four American, Catholic church women (three religious women, or nuns, and a laywoman). Maryknoll missionary sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline sister Dorothy Kazel, and laywoman Jean Donovan were on a Catholic relief mission providing food, shelter, transport, medical care, and burial to death squad victims. U.S. military aid was briefly cut off in response to the murders but would be renewed within six weeks. The outgoing Carter administration increased military aid to the Salvadoran armed forces to $10 million which included $5 million in rifles, ammunition, grenades and helicopters.
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Hermana Fausta Labrador (December 19, 1858 - September 14, 1942) is a Filipino laywoman in pending cause for sainthood. She founded the Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus, a charity school for poor children that has evolved into what is now Sacred Heart College in Lucena City.
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Venerable Sergio Bernardini (20 May 1882 – 12 October 1966) was an Italian layperson and his wife Venerable Domenica Bedonni Bernardini (12 April 1889 – 27 February 1971) was an Italian laywoman who both hailed from Modena. The couple were part of the Secular Franciscan Order. The pair had ten children; eight joined religious life.
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Sister Dorothy Kazel, O.S.U. (June 30, 1939 - December 2, 1980), was an American Ursuline Religious Sister and missionary to El Salvador. On December 2, 1980, she was beaten, raped, and murdered along with three fellow missionaries – Maryknoll Sisters Ita Ford, Maura Clarke and laywoman Jean Donovan – by members of the military of El Salvador.
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She attained enlightenment as a laywoman while listening to one of the Buddha's sermons, considered a rare feat in Buddhist texts. Following her attainment, Khema entered the monastic life under the Buddha as a bhikkhuni. According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha declared her his female disciple foremost in wisdom. Her male counterpart was Sariputta.
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Faith in itself, however, is never regarded as sufficient for the attainment of Nirvana. The saṅgha is described as a "field of merit", because Buddhists regard offerings to them as particularly karmically fruitful. A faithful Buddhist layman or laywoman is called an upāsaka or upāsika, respectively. To become a layperson, no formal ritual is required.
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Marie-Thérèse de Lamourous (November 1, 1754 – September 14, 1836) was a French laywoman who was a member of the underground Catholic Church during the French Revolution. After the Revolution she founded a house for repentant prostitutes at Bordeaux called "La Maison de La Miséricorde" (The House of Mercy). Her feast day is September 14.
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Instead, he ends up near the Anuradhapura nunnery. Uppalavanna (Sangeetha) comes across him and after much deliberation, decides to heal him. Throughout the days she spends helping him, she reflects back on her time as Upuli, a laywoman. Upali, the daughter of an Ayurvedic doctor (Suminda), fell in love with her dance teacher's son.
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The umbrella organization of herännäisyys is Herättäjä-Yhdistys (Awakening Society), which is based in Lapua. The former chair person (2010) of the society was a laywoman, Ms. Kaisa Rönkä, the first woman in Finland to act as the head of Finnish revival movements. Ms. Rönkä was succeeded by Jukka Hautala as the chair person in 2011.Seppälä, Olli.
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Aboriginal elder; a layman; a > laywoman; a lawyer and, in the case of a hospital-based ethics committee, a > nurse. The assignment of philosophers or religious clerics will reflect the importance attached by the society to the basic values involved. An example from Sweden with Torbjörn Tännsjö on a couple of such committees indicates secular trends gaining influence.
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Sthulabhadra in turn gave her vows of a Shravika (Jain laywoman). He is said to have learned the 14 purvas (pre-canons) from Bhadrabahu and is considered as last spiritual omniscient in Svetambara tradition, a claim which is rejected by Digambara tradition. He was succeeded by his disciples Mahagiri and Suhasti.Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas, Acharya Hastimal, 1974, Part 2, p.
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Upasika Kee Nanayon Upasika Kee Nanayon () or Kor Khao-suan-luang () was a Thai Buddhist upāsikā (devout laywoman) from Ratchaburi (1901 - 1978).Donald K. Swearer, The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia, SUNY Press, 2010, s. 13. After her retirement in 1945, she turned her home into a meditation center with her aunt and uncle. She was mostly self-taught, reading the Pali canon and other Buddhist literature.
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In the Catholic and the Anglican churches, anyone who is not ordained as a deacon, priest, or bishop is referred to as a layman or a laywoman. In many Catholic dioceses, due in part to the lack of ordained clergy, lay ecclesial ministers serve parishes and in the diocese as pastoral leaders, sometimes as de facto pastor in the absence of an ordained priest.
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In that lifetime, the woman saw Padumattara Buddha declare a laywoman his female lay disciple foremost in generosity. Having heard this, the woman made the resolve to become the female lay disciple foremost in generosity of a future Buddha and did many good deeds for several lifetimes in hopes of becoming one. This wish came true in the time of Gautama Buddha, when she was reborn as Visakha.
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The school was founded in 1926 as Colegio Ponceño de Varones, by Miss Maria Serra Gelabert, a Catholic laywoman and catechist, as a boys-only Catholic school sponsored by the Bishop of Ponce, Msgr. Edwin Vincent Byrne. It was located on a rented house on Calle Comercio. It later moved to its own facility on Calle Aurora, and in 1974 it moved to its current facility on PR-14.
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"The canonization of Anna Schäffer: Interview with postulator". October 20, 2012. These developments brought no change in her attitude, though: she remained selfless, and promised prayers and letters for anyone who wanted them."Apostolate of Suffering and Reparation Was Call Given to Bl. Anna Schaffer, German Laywoman" L'Osservatore Romano, March 10, 1999 In 1925, she contracted colon cancer, and her paralysis spread to her spine, making it difficult to speak or write.
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As a laywoman, and later as a maechi, she taught high-profile supporters of Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen, such as Liap Sikanchananand. It was at Liap's house that Maechi Thongsuk met Chandra Khonnokyoong, who she taught Dhammakaya meditation. After the two stayed for a month at Wat Paknam, they both ordained as maechis. Maechi Thongsuk travelled around Thailand to spread the Dhamma and teach Dhammakaya Meditation according to the policy of Luang Pu Sodh.
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The faithful laywoman Suppiyā had promised to provide meat to an ailing monk. After realizing there was no meat available at the market that day, she cut some flesh from her own thigh to make the offering and hid her injury. Knowing what had happened, the Buddha asked Suppiyā be brought to him. Upon seeing the Buddha, Suppiyā's wound healed, with the laywoman's flesh returning to what it was before with no scarring.
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Stokstad (2005), 541. Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux, by Jean Pucelle, Paris, 1320s. During the late 13th century, scribes began to create prayer books for the laity, often known as books of hours due to their use at prescribed times of the day. Among the earliest is an example by William de Brailes that seems to have been written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240.
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In 1617, Marie Rollet (1580-1649) arrived in New France with her husband, Louis Hébert, Québec's first apothecary. She became New France's first laywoman, by working with her husband to tend to those who were suffering from starvation and illness, including natives. In 1641, Jeanne Mance, a nurse from Langres, France, arrived at Fort Ville-Marie, New France. She was recruited by Father Charles Lallemant, a Jesuit priest, for the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal.
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" The committee recommended a church-wide study, which was implemented. In 1986 she became the first laywoman elected to the post of United Church Moderator. (Robert McClure, 23rd Moderator 1968–1971, was the first layperson elected to the post.) During her time in office, Squire was the target of much vitriolic correspondance from church members who opposed the ongoing study on human sexuality and ministry. In 1987, Squire told Maclean's magazine, "“It is difficult to find a neutral person.
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Gabrielle Bossis (; 1874–1950) was a French Catholic laywoman, actress and mystic, best known for her mystical work Lui et Moi, published in English translation as He and I. The book recounts her dialogues with Jesus, which came to her as an "inner voice" and which she recorded in a series of journals from 1936 to shortly before her death in 1950. Some sample thoughts of the book are: 1\. Express Your hope in me. Come out of yourself.
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Alla () is a Russian and Ukrainian female given name. The Eastern Orthodox Church usually relates the name with Saint Alla,Martyr Alla the laywoman in the Crimea on the page: Lives of all saints commemorated on March 26 the widow of a Gothic chieftain, martyred in King Athanaric's times. Since the name is also spread among Tatars, there is some speculation that the name has its origin in the pre-Islamic goddess Allat. The name Alla is also widespread in Iceland.
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The Ecole des Ursulines, known in English as the School of the Ursulines, is among North America's oldest schools. Still operating as a private school for both girls and boys, it was founded in 1639 by French nun Marie of the Incarnation and laywoman Marie-Madeline de Chauvigny de la Peltrie. This was also the beginning of the Ursuline order in New France. The convent has many of its original walls intact and houses a little chapel and a museum.
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For example, one newly ordained nun was found pregnant, and was judged by the monk Devadatta as unfit to be a nun. However, the Buddha had Upāli do a second investigation, during which Upāli called upon the help of the laywoman Visakhā and several other laypeople. Eventually, Upāli concluded the nun had conceived the child by her husband before her ordination as a nun, and therefore was innocent. The Buddha later praised Upāli for his careful consideration of this matter.
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The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836. Drafted by the reformist attorney-general John Plunkett, the Act established legal equality for Anglicans, Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists. Catholic missionary William Ullathorne criticised the convict system, publishing a pamphlet, The Horrors of Transportation Briefly Unfolded to the People, in Britain in 1837. Laywoman Caroline Chisolm did ecumenical work to alleviate the suffering of female migrants.
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John Harthan Frequently they were passed down through the family, as recorded in wills. Although the most heavily illuminated books of hours were enormously expensive, a small book with little or no illumination was affordable much more widely, and increasingly so during the 15th century. The earliest surviving English example was apparently written for a laywoman living in or near Oxford in about 1240. It is smaller than a modern paperback but heavily illuminated with major initials, but no full-page miniatures.
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Pope Pius XII canonized numerous people, including Pope Pius X—"both were determined to stamp out, as far as possible, all traces of dangerous heterodoxy"Noel, p. 16—and Maria Goretti. He beatified Pope Innocent XI. The first canonizations were two women, the founder of a female order, Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, and a young laywoman, Gemma Galgani. Pelletier had a reputation for opening new ways for Catholic charities, helping people in difficulties with the law, who had been neglected by the system and the Church.
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Before Henrietta left, MacLennan offered her the Director of Christian Education post, and in 1928 she and Margaret moved to Hollywood.Henrietta Cornelia Mears was born on October 23, 1890, in Fargo, North Dakota, the seventh child of banker Ashley Mears and Baptist laywoman Margaret Burtis Everts, whose father had been an influential Chicago pastor. Already 42 when Henrietta arrived, Margaret died when her youngest daughter was only 20. (An obituary tribute said, "as a Bible teacher she had few equals in the city of Minneapolis").
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In 1961, she was honoured by her alma mater for her dual role as an accomplished Canadian economist and former provincial vicereine in being named the University's first female chancellor. In 1967, she was awarded the Medal of Service of the Order of Canada, later converted to appointment as an Officer of the Order of Canada, for "her contributions as a public servant". She was also a Dame of St John of Jerusalem and, as a Roman Catholic laywoman, also a Dame of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
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Saint Kateri Tekakwitha, an Algonquin-Mohawk Catholic laywoman who took a private vow of perpetual virginity Celibacy (from Latin cælibatus) is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons. It is often in association with the role of a religious official or devotee. In its narrow sense, the term celibacy is applied only to those for whom the unmarried state is the result of a sacred vow, act of renunciation, or religious conviction. In a wider sense, it is commonly understood to only mean abstinence from sexual activity.
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Her children report that they hardly ever saw her in the process of writing, but her religious writings and meditations total over 60,000 handwritten pages. The length of her religious writings thus approaches that of Saint Thomas Aquinas. As a laywoman, she often aimed to show her readers how to love the Catholic Church. She wrote: > To love the Church is not to criticize her, not to destroy her, not to try > to change her essential structures, not to reduce her to humanism, > horizontalism and to the simple service of a human liberation.
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So door-to-door collections became a dangerous, but necessary thing. In the parish of the Capernaum Congregation, never anybody denounced the collectors, while in other, particularly more rural parishes many a Confessing Christian cleric and layman or laywoman was denounced and subsequently taken to court.Sandvoß, 2003, p. 210 At the beginning of November 1934 the official presbytery, dominated by German Christians, reached the dismissal of Lahde as executive chief of the Capernaum Congregation for his allegiance with the Confessing Christians by the fickle superior cleric in charge, Superintendent Dr. Johannes Rosenfeld.
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The sculptural portrayal of a laywoman and the support of the cardinal's ecclesiastical coat of arms by the sculptures of two barechested women make the church unique among churches in Rome. Until the 1820s, Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi was known as the "Pontifical Parish" (Parrocchia Pontificia). The church's interior features a single nave; the altar is decorated by the painting Martyrdom of Saints Vincent and Anastasius by Francesco Pascucci. Prolific Italian illustrator and engraver Bartolomeo Pinelli (1771–1835) was buried in Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi.
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Daniela Zanetta (15 December 1962 – 14 April 1986) was an Italian Roman Catholic laywoman and a member from the Focolare Movement. From her birth she suffered from a rare skin disease that weakened her over time and which would cause skin tears and blistering. Her condition also forced frequent visits to the hospital and blood transfusions. Zanetta tried to put her illness behind her (offering her sufferings to God) so that she could live a normal adolescent life with her friends and in her free time collaborated with her local parish.
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Two laymen and one laywoman were also on the staff. On September 8, 1955, Bishop Gercke transferred ownership of the forty acres and buildings, then known as Salpointe High School, to the Carmelites for "$10.00 and other valuable considerations." Much of Salpointe's early development (1954–1966) was due to the generosity of Helena S. Corcoran (with the support of her husband) who donated $8–$10 million for expansion of the Salpointe campus. Under her sponsorship, the school grew from 400 to 1,000 pupils, and the physical infrastructure that forms much of today's campus was established.
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In religious organizations, the laity consists of all members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or lay brother.Laity at the Catholic Encyclopedia A layperson (also layman or laywoman) is a person who is not qualified in a given profession or does not have specific knowledge of a certain subject. In Christian cultures, the term lay priest was sometimes used in the past to refer to a secular priest, a diocesan priest who is not a member of a religious order.
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Emma C. de Guzman (born December 8, 1949) is a Filipino Roman Catholic widow, laywoman, stigmatist and claimed Marian visionary. She is the co-founder, along with the late Sister Soledad Gaviola, of the Catholic lay group association La Pieta, dedicated to a Marian devotion under the title Mother of Love, Peace and Joy. Guzman claims to have first seen the Virgin Mary on the Feast of the Nativity of Mary in 1991. She is reputedly notable for her alleged Marian visions under trance, particularly the golden dust (Spanish: Escarchas, English: "Frost") which allegedly manifests on her face during her trances.
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Pierce returned to the US, taking his family with him back to Rome, where they settled into a large apartment near the Palazzo Borghese. After receiving Cornelia's personal consent to her husband's ordination, the pope arranged a swift permission, and within three months the couple were formally separated. Cornelia moved with the baby and his nurse into a retreat house at the convent at the top of the Spanish Steps, living as a laywoman for as long as her youngest child needed her. Adeline went to the convent school, where her mother taught English and music.
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In Buddhist belief, when a fully enlightened Buddha appears in the world, he always has a set of chief disciples that fulfill different roles. On top of the pair of chief Arahant disciples such as Gautama Buddha's chief male disciples Sariputta and Moggallana, and his chief female disciples Khema and Uppalavanna, all Buddhas have a set of chief patrons as well. Gautama Buddha's chief male patron was Anathapindika, with his chief female patron being Visakha. According to the Pali Canon, in the time of Padumattara Buddha, Visakha had been born the friend of a laywoman who was one of that Buddha's principal supporters.
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Even if one is not a disciple, one will still attain the heavenly life, after which, however depending on what his past deeds may have been, one may be reborn in a hell realm, or as an animal or hungry ghost. AN 4.125: Metta Sutta: Loving-kindness, Ñanamoli's translation (accessed March 2010) In another sutta in the Aṅguttara Nikāya, the laywoman Sāmāvatī is mentioned as an example of someone who excels at loving-kindness. In the Buddhist tradition she is often referred to as such, often citing an account that an arrow shot at her was warded off through her spiritual power.
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Swedish born Elisabeth Hesselblad was listed among the "righteous among the nations" by Yad Vashem for her religious institute's work assisting Jews escape The Holocaust. She and two British women, Mother Riccarda Beauchamp Hambrough and Sister Katherine Flanagan, were beatified for reviving the Swedish Bridgettine Order of nuns and hiding scores of Jewish families in their convent during Rome's period of occupation under the Nazis. Catholic lay women were involved in Catholic Arts and Letters in the 20th century, especially in English language literature. Sophie Treadwell was a Mexican- American Catholic laywoman who was both a journalist and a playwright in the first half of the 20th century.
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Catholic people and charitable organisations, hospitals and schools have played a prominent role in welfare and education in Australia ever since colonial times when Catholic laywoman Caroline Chisholm helped single, migrant women and rescued homeless girls in Sydney. In his welcoming address to the Catholic World Youth Day 2008 in Sydney, the prime minister, Kevin Rudd, said that Christianity had been a positive influence on Australia: "It was the church that began first schools for the poor, it was the church that began first hospitals for the poor, it was the church that began first refuges for the poor and these great traditions continue for the future".
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Mother Maria Corazon D. Agda, RVM -Superior General (2016-2021) The Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary ( Spanish: La Cofradía de Hermanas de Religiosa de la Virgen María; postnominals: RVM) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical community of pontifical right founded in Manila in 1684 by the Filipina laywoman Venerable Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo. In 2016 there were over 700 RVM sisters, mainly from the Philippines. They run a university and 58 other schools and have works in seven countries outside the Philippines. From the start they cultivated an apostolic, Ignatian spirituality and have retreat houses along with their other diverse works.
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Personal and financial obstacles delayed her departure by four years. Over this time, she maintained a continuous correspondence with Jesuits in Quebec who were supportive of a female religious presence, which might facilitate the Christianization of Huron women; Marie's Mother Superior in Tours, and her pre-Ursuline religious director Dom Raymond de Saint Bernard were largely unsupportive, the latter suggesting that it was too lofty for a lowly laywoman.; Marie was met with similar resistance from her family. Her brother, Claude Guyart attempted to persuade her into abandoning her mission by accusing her of parental neglect, and by revoking an inheritance designated for her son; these measures did not deter her.
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Catherine S. Roskam of the Anglican Communion, has long had a ritual titled Blessing of a Christmas Tree, as well as Blessing of a Crèche, for use in the church and the home. Chrismon trees are a variety developed in 1957 by a Lutheran laywoman in Virginia, as a specifically religious version appropriate for a church's Christmas celebrations, although most Christian churches continue to display the traditional Christmas tree in their sanctuaries during Christmastide. In 2005, the city of Boston renamed the spruce tree used to decorate the Boston Common a "Holiday Tree" rather than a "Christmas Tree". The name change was reversed after the city was threatened with several lawsuits.
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Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative iconography, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists. The book of hours was developed, mainly for the lay user able to afford them – the earliest known example seems to have written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240 – and now royal and aristocratic examples became the type of manuscript most often lavishly decorated. Most religious art, including illuminated manuscripts, was now produced by lay artists, but the commissioning patron often specified in detail what the work was to contain. Man of Sorrows by Meister Francke, ca.
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At the beginning of the 20th century in El Paso, there were very few educational opportunities for poor Hispanic boys. Since the State of Texas did not provide public education of any kind for non-English speaking students, most Hispanic children in the Second Ward were not receiving any formal education. Mrs. Lydia Patterson, a Methodist laywoman, recognized the gravity of this problem, and in 1906, she began to set up day classes for boys in the homes of area Methodists. Upon her death in 1909, her husband Millard Patterson, a local attorney, decided to memorialize her by establishing the school that she had envisioned, and in 1913, construction began on the Lydia Patterson Institute.
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Marie's initial financial concerns for the funding of the journey, and the establishment of a convent in New France were resolved when she was introduced to Madeleine de la Peltrie on 19 February 1639. Marie recognized that this religiously devoted widow, the daughter of a fiscal officer, was the laywoman from her vision four years earlier. De la Peltrie's contribution to the endeavour was met with strong opposition from her aristocratic family; to garner their support, de la Peltrie arranged a sham marriage with Christian Jean de Brenière. Madeleine's new marital status gave her the legal authority to sign over the bulk of her estate to the Ursuline Order, thereby fully funding the mission.
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Louis Jolliet - sculpture at the Quebec Parliament. French settlers and explorers to New France brought with them a great love of song, dance and fiddle playing. Beginning in the 1630s French and Indigenous children at Québec were taught to sing and play European instruments, like viols, violins, guitars, transverse flutes, drums, fifes and trumpets. Ecole des Ursulines and The Ursuline Convent are among North America's oldest schools and the first institutions of learning for women in North America. Both were founded in 1639 by French nun Marie of the Incarnation (1599–1672) alongside the laywoman Marie-Madeline de Chauvigny de la Peltrie (1603–1671) and are the first Canadian institutions to have music as part of the curriculum.
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Henrietta Cornelia Mears was born on October 23, 1890, in Fargo, North Dakota, the seventh child of banker E. Ashley Mears and Baptist laywoman Margaret Burtis Everts, whose father had been an influential Chicago pastor. Already 42 when Henrietta arrived, Margaret died when her youngest daughter was only 20. (An obituary tribute said, "as a Bible teacher she had few equals in the city of Minneapolis"). Henrietta's father, E. Ashley Mears was the President of First Bank of North Dakota and sold mortgages to private investors. At the height of his business, he owned approximately 20 banks. Originally wealthy, the Mears family lost most of their money in the Panic of 1893 and re-settled in Minneapolis.
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Francisca de Paula de Jesus (São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 1810 - Baependi, Minas Gerais, 14 June 1895) - also known as Nhá Chica ("Aunt Francie" in Portuguese) - was a Brazilian Roman Catholic laywoman who was a popular religious figure in Brazil known for her humble life and her dedication to God. Nhá Chica bore no surname and was an illegitimate child born to a slave mother; she herself as a slave until being freed in 1820 which allowed her to dedicate herself to the plight of the region's poor and the construction of a Marian chapel near which she resided for the remainder of her life. Her beatification was celebrated in Brazil in mid-2013 and that made her the first Afro-Brazilian woman to be beatified.
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In the 14th century, a royal workshop is documented, based at the Tower of London, and there may have been other earlier arrangements. Manuscript illumination affords us many of the named artists of the Medieval Period including Ende, a 10th-century Spanish nun; Guda, a 12th-century German nun; and Claricia, a 12th-century laywoman in a Bavarian scriptorium. These women, and many more unnamed illuminators, benefited from the nature of convents as the major loci of learning for women in the period and the most tenable option for intellectuals among them. In many parts of Europe, with the Gregorian Reforms of the 11th century and the rise in feudalism, women faced many strictures that they did not face in the Early Medieval period.
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Kateri Tekakwitha ( in Mohawk), given the name Tekakwitha, baptized as Catherine and informally known as Lily of the Mohawks (1656 – April 17, 1680), is a Catholic saint who was an Algonquin–Mohawk laywoman. Born in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon, on the south side of the Mohawk River in present-day New York State, she contracted smallpox in an epidemic; her family died and her face was scarred. She converted to Catholicism at age nineteen, when she was renamed Kateri, and baptized in honor of Catherine of Siena. Refusing to marry, she left her village and moved for the remaining five years of her life to the Jesuit mission village of Kahnawake, south of Montreal on the St. Lawrence River in New France, now Canada.
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In addition, Voramai Kabilsingh, the first bhikkhuni (fully ordained nun) in Thailand, used to be a practitioner at the temple when still a laywoman, and her daughter, bhikkhuni Dhammananda, has indicated her meditation teaching was inspired by Dhammakaya meditation. Kabilsingh has stated that the temple provides opportunities for mae chi to develop a role in the public as a healer through meditation. There are mae chi with three kinds of responsibility at the temple: meditation (called "Dhammakaya mae chi"), study, or helping with daily facilitating chores, for example at the kitchen. Although women all go through the same process to become mae chi, such as changing their names to fit their new spiritual life, the responsibility mae chi are assigned to affects what their daily routine looks like.
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The Master of Divinity degree was first awarded in 1975 to 4 religious order men. In 1977, the first religious order woman received a Master of Arts degree in Theology and in 1980, the first laywoman received the Master of Divinity degree, followed in 1985 by the first layman to receive a Master of Arts in Theology degree. As a capstone, the new Doctor of Ministry degree in Christian Spirituality was first awarded in 2011 to a layman, followed by several other religious men and women, priests and laymen and women; the last being awarded in May 2015. The many graduates from WTU serve in a variety of ecclesial positions: bishops and archbishops, university presidents, national and diocesan officials, educators, church organizations, chaplains, and many as parochial pastors, deacons, lay leaders and ministers.
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He hoped that the natives, following their relatives who were being cared for there, would come to Montreal, settle there, and gradually acquire the French language and manners from their contacts with the settlers. Admiring the work of the Canonesses of St. Augustine of the Mercy of Jesus at Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, in 1658 he had offered them the administration of a hospital which was being operated by Jeanne Mance, a laywoman who had helped to found the colony, pending the arrival of canonesses from another religious Order in France. Queylus obtained Laval's permission for the direction of this institution to be entrusted to the canonesses of Quebec. The administrator of the hospital, however, found another benefactor and was able to bring three Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph from the Hôtel-Dieu of La Fleche in France.
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The story was designed to show that young educated Soviets who became religious were hypocrites looking for fame and distinction in originality in society, without possessing any qualities that would give them the same prestige in normal Soviet life.Pospielovsky (1988), p. 118. Sasha's mother was described as a biology teacher at a rural school, who was cold and had no warmth or interest in her children. Sasha's divorced father was an alcoholic who also did not care for his children. After Sasha's mother retired from teaching she retired to a village with a functioning Orthodox church and became a pious laywoman, telling her children that she had always been a believer, but just never didn't mention it (‘Science and Religion’ failed to mention that she would have lost her teaching job if she had mentioned it).
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The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836. Drafted by the Catholic attorney-general John Plunkett, the act established legal equality for Episcopalians, Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists. Nevertheless, social attitudes were slow to change. Laywoman Caroline Chisholm (1808–1877) faced discouragements and anti-papal feeling when she sought to establish a migrant women's shelter and worked for women's welfare in the colonies in the 1840s, though her humanitarian efforts later won her fame in England and great influence in achieving support for families in the colony. John Bede Polding, a Benedictine monk, was Sydney's first Catholic bishop (and then archbishop) from 1835 to 1877. Polding requested a community of nuns be sent to the colony and five Irish Sisters of Charity arrived in 1838.
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Saint Paul Chen Three catechists, known as the Martyrs of Maokou (in the province of Guizhou) were killed on January 28, 1858, by order of the officials in Maokou: # Jerome Lu Tingmei # Laurence Wang Bing # Agatha Lin All three had been called on to renounce the Christian religion and having refused to do so were condemned to be beheaded. In Guizhou, two seminarians and two lay people, one of whom was a farmer, the other a widow who worked as a cook in the seminary, suffered martyrdom together on July 29, 1861. They are known as the Martyrs of Qingyanzhen (Guizhou): # Joseph Zhang Wenlan, seminarian # Paul Chen Changpin , seminarian # John Baptist Luo Tingyin , layman # Martha Wang Luo Mande , laywoman In the following year, on February 18 and 19, 1862, another five people gave their life for Christ. They are known as the Martyrs of Guizhou.
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That same year, the bishop of Parma ordered the association to close. However, Vlašić founded houses of the association in four other dioceses, including at Medjugorje, with the help of laywoman Stefania Caterina. Caterina became the deputy head of the association. In 2008, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) informed Vlašić that he was under investigation "for the diffusion of dubious doctrine, manipulation of consciences, suspected mysticism, disobedience towards legitimately issued orders" and charges of sexual misconduct ("contra sextum") and ordered him to stay at a Franciscan monastery in Lombardy, take a course of theological and spiritual formation, not have contact with the "Queen of Peace..." association, not get involved in juridical contracts or acts of administration, and not engage in preaching, spiritual direction, public statements, or performing the sacrament of confession, under pain of incurring the penalty of automatic interdict.
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Len Buccellato responded with a letter to parents and consultants stating that "the feelings of the staff at the meetings we have had have ranged from pain as deep as mine to absolute rage that anyone could say those things in light of the countless numbers of students and families we have worked with whose lives have been put back on a positive and productive track... we have been advised by counsel not to comment on the specific allegations at this point and to allow our attorneys respond to the allegations in due course." Matt Aiken, a former staff member at HLA, wrote a front-page article about the lawsuit in the local newspaper, The Dahlonega Nugget. Various letters to the editor were later published. Diane Stephenson, a laywoman highly involved in the local Unitarian Universalist Church, wrote of Hidden Lake Academy's various contributions to the local community.
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The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest modern seventh-day Sabbatarian denomination, with 20,008,779 members as of June 07, 2018, and holds the sabbath as one of the Pillars of Adventism. Seventh-day Adventism grew out of the Millerite movement in the 1840s, and a few of its founders (Cyrus Farnsworth, Frederick Wheeler, a Methodist minister and Joseph Bates, a sea captain) were convinced in 1844-1845 of the importance of Sabbatarianism under the influence of Rachel Oakes Preston, a young Seventh Day Baptist laywoman living in Washington, New Hampshire and a published article in early 1845 on the topic (Hope of Israel) by Thomas M. Preble, pastor of the Free Will Baptist congregation in Nashua, New Hampshire. Seventh-day Adventists observe the sabbath from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset. In places where the sun does not appear or does not set for several months, such as northern Scandinavia, the tendency is to regard an arbitrary time such as 6 p.m.
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Prior to her departure, Marie de l'Incarnation had been leading a cloistered life as a member of the Ursuline Order. After having professed her vows in 1633,Jaenen, Cornelius J., "Marie de l'Incarnation", The Canadian Encyclopedia she changed her name to Marie de L’Incarnation; that Christmas, she was confronted with a powerful vision, which functioned as the catalyst for her mission to New France. In this mystical dream, Marie saw herself walking hand in hand with a fellow laywoman against the backdrop of a foreign landscape, on the roof of a small church in this distant, foggy landscape sat the Virgin Mary and Jesus; she interpreted this as the mother and son discussing her religious calling to the new land. She recounted the vision to her priest at the Order, who informed her that the nation she described was Canada, and suggested that she read The Jesuit Relations; from this Marie concluded that her vocation was to help establish the Catholic Faith in the New World.
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The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest modern seventh-day Sabbatarian denomination, with 18,778,626 members as of June 30, 2015 and holds the sabbath as one of the Pillars of Adventism. Seventh-day Adventism grew out of the Millerite movement in the 1840s, and a few of its founders (Cyrus Farnsworth, Frederick Wheeler, a Methodist minister and Joseph Bates, a sea captain) were convinced in 1844-1845 of the importance of Sabbatarianism under the influence of Rachel Oakes Preston, a young Seventh Day Baptist laywoman living in Washington, New Hampshire and a published article in early 1845 on the topic (Hope of Israel) by Thomas M. Preble, pastor of the Free Will Baptist congregation in Nashua, New Hampshire. Seventh-day Adventists observe the sabbath from Friday evening to Saturday evening. In places where the sun does not appear or does not set for several months, such as northern Scandinavia, the tendency is to regard an arbitrary time such as 6 p.m.
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