Reby hopes to run experiments using actual wapiti larynges taken from deceased animals to further test this hypothesis.
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Larger animals like the elk, or wapiti, should have calls that fall into deeper registers, simply because they have larger larynges that vibrate at lower frequencies.
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Copyright 2016 Ingo R. Titze, Tobias Riede, and Ted MauWorking with Midwestern University's Tobias Riede and Ted Mau of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Titze studied the larynges of 16 species, from mice to humans to elephants.
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Phonation occurring in excised larynges would also not be possible according to this theory.
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The average weight of males is , compared to for females. Other differences between the sexes relate to their social system, in which males produce loud, honking vocalizations. Therefore, males have greatly enlarged larynges, about three times the size of females', extending through most of the thoracic cavity, and measuring half the length of the spine. The larynx is so large, it displaces other organs, including the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.
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Prosthetic approaches may include artificial larynges; or abdominal binders/corsets (to provide best posture for speech, and support stronger exhalation, if affected muscles include those controlling breathing). Resonance: Behavioural treatments may include use of CPAP machines, supine positioning (lying down, to help train velum closure), or reducing pressure during held consonants (i.e. 's' or 'z' sounds). Again, some medical or prosthetic approaches may be utilised, including palatal lifts, or pharyngeal flap procedures.
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The larynx (), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The larynx houses the vocal folds, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus. The word larynx (plural larynges) comes from a similar Ancient Greek word (λάρυγξ lárynx).
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As there are no anatomical differences in larynges of boys and girls prior to puberty, it has been proposed that the higher rate of voice impairment found in boys arises from louder social activities, personality factors, or more frequent inappropriate vocal use. The most common laryngeal diagnosis among children is vocal fold nodules, a condition known to be associated with vocally damaging behaviours. However, a causal relationship has not yet been definitively proven. The overall prevalence of dysphonia in children ranges from 3.9% - 23.4%, most commonly affecting children between the ages of 8 - 14.
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These differences include several adaptations that help males produce and amplify vocalizations: the males' larynges (vocal cords) are about three times as large as those of females, and they have large resonating chambers on their faces. Females appear more like a typical megabat, with foxlike faces. It is frugivorous, consuming a variety of fruits such as figs, bananas, and mangoes, though a few instances of carnivory have been noted. Females tend to travel a consistent route to find predictable fruits, whereas males travel more to find the highest quality fruit.
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