147 Sentences With "land animal" | Random Sentence Generator

The Dreadnoughtus was the largest land animal that ever lived.

The world's tallest land animal is on the verge of extinction.

You are a land animal and the Gulf is not our native environment.

The T. rex had the strongest bite of any land animal in Earth's history.

It is the most comprehensive population analysis to date of the fastest land animal.

If the question is about weight, the African elephant is the biggest land animal.

The African elephant is the largest land animal, and it has enormous ears to match.

You may be an air-breathing land animal, yet your body is a watery one.

A 187-year-old tortoise named Jonathan became the world's oldest-known, living land animal.

The Tyrannosaurus rex had the strongest bite of any known land animal — extinct or otherwise.

The biggest land animal on record, it was a member of a dinosaur group called titanosaurs.

Click here to view original GIFWhen you think "fastest land animal," what do you think of?

Hippos are the world's deadliest large land animal due to their aggressive nature and sharp teeth.

The cheetah is, famously, the fastest land animal; it can run up to 65 miles per hour.

But, I haven't eaten a land animal for a very long time, so I enjoyed the products.

"If you lose the croc—you lose the species—you lose your largest land animal," he says.

That's about twice the size of an African elephant, making the new dino the largest land animal ever.

Because why wouldn't you attach a stabilization mount designed for helicopters to the biggest land animal in the world?

The Dreadnoughtus, a dinosaur that was around 77 million years ago, was the largest land animal that ever lived.

Up to seven meters long and six tons in weight, moving the world's largest land animal is a hefty operation.

Qvarnström and his colleagues also examined a coprolite from an insectivorous land animal, which was filled with digested beetle parts.

Guinness World Records announced in February 2019 that Jonathan turns 187 years old this year, which makes him the oldest-known land animal alive.

The story follows a young mage, powerful rulers in a war-besieged land, animal-human hybrids, and tough moral questions about creating and using life.

But if a land animal that was hunting the eels put only a paw in the water, it might be able to tolerate the electricity.

It's thought to be the largest land animal that ever lived, weighing 65 tons and reaching 85 feet tall with a 37-foot-long neck.

The world's tallest land animal has lost 40% of its population in just 30 years from poaching and wildlife trafficking, the African Wildlife Foundation estimates.

Jon Caulkins, a drug policy expert at Carnegie Mellon University, gave the example of an alien race visiting Earth and asking which land animal is the biggest.

"It offers these really key opportunities to give us a better chance of meeting those goals, not only to reduce emissions but to repurpose land animal agriculture occupies," she said.

Ongoing research is examining the molecular composition of cartilage preserved in T. rex bones, and recent studies have shown it possessed the most powerful bite of any land animal ever, Makovicky added.

We're also exploring two headlines concerning Iran, we're explaining why private companies want to land a rocket ship, and we're examining a model of what's believed to have been the biggest land animal in world history.

Sting in the tail Founded on the doctoral research of Oxford DPhil Lucy King, the Elephants and Bees Project, part of Save the Elephants, utilizes the knowledge that the world's largest land animal is extremely averse to bees.

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The most comprehensive elephant genome study ever conducted, covering seven living and extinct species, is offering some surprises about the family tree of the world's largest land animal while also settling a debate about Africa's elephants.

Alcohol is definitely more dangerous than marijuana To show the Nutt analysis's flaws, Jon Caulkins, a drug policy expert at Carnegie Mellon University, gave the example of an alien race visiting Earth and asking which land animal is the biggest.

As Smithsonian points out, a new dino comes along every few decades to nab the title of biggest land animal ever discovered—first the Brachiosaurus, then the Supersaurus, then the Argentinosaurus—but Carballido said he thinks the search might finally be over.

The next day I entered the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, where wildlife protection has been remarkably successful at rehabilitating endangered populations of desert bighorns and Sonoran pronghorns — North America's fastest land animal; in 2001, only 21 Sonoran pronghorns remained in the United States.

A study released Wednesday finally shed light on one of paleontology's most exciting discoveries: Scientists now believe that the fossils of a gigantic four-legged dinosaur weighing in at an estimated 69 tons belong to the largest land animal ever to walk Earth, the Atlantic reports.

"No one would have predicted that a land animal like a tyrannosaur would turn their entire face into a finely tuned sensory organ," Lawrence M. Witmer, paleontologist from the Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine at Ohio University who was not involved in the study, said in an email.

Direct Action Everywhere points to a number of votes Sanders has made with the stated goal of protecting farmers, which they say contribute to 9 billion land animal deaths every year—99 percent of the total animals killed in the US. Specifically, a HuffPost Politics article co-authored by Zachary Groff, one of the group's expressed supporters, calls out the senator's support for the Farm Bill of 2014, which he offered with the stated goal of helping Vermont dairy farmers meet demand for lower in-store prices.

276-7 The legislation also established the grizzly as California's state land animal.

The largest native land animal is the land crab Johngarthia lagostoma (formerly Gecarcinus lagostoma).

It is the fourth-fastest land animal, after the cheetah (its main predator), pronghorn, and springbok.

The Upper Shirvan water channel was directed from the Mingachevir Reservoir in order to irrigate the land. Animal husbandry (in winter pastures) and horticulture (cotton, crops, and grape) are the main agriculture in the steppe.

The head and body of an adult Asiatic cheetah measure about with a long tail. It weighs about . Males are slightly larger than the females. The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world.

The reserve called Wiślisko Kobyle (6.67 ha) is devoted to water plants. In the heart of Niepołomice Forest is the most protected area inhabited by the Polish wisent (Żubr), the heaviest surviving land animal in Europe.

Because the terrain limits the ability to cultivate the land, animal husbandry (cattle, sheep, and bees) has traditionally been important, and especially forestry.Savnik, Roman, ed. 1980. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 4. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, p. 257.

The Masai giraffe is distinguished by jagged spots on its body, geographic range including southern Kenya and all of Tanzania, and genetic evidence. It is the largest-bodied giraffe species, making it the tallest land animal on Earth.

7 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2014. Notable bird and land animal species in the area include: great blue heron, osprey, double-crested cormorant, and the bald eagle. Also frogs, turtles, snakes, white-tailed deer, red fox, and raccoons.

Each number represents the highest estimate of a given research paper. One large sauropod, Maraapunisaurus fragillimus, was based on particularly scant remains that have been lost since their description by paleontologists in 1878. Analysis of the illustrations included in the original report suggested that M. fragillimus may have been the largest land animal of all time, possibly weighing and measuring between long. One later analysis of the surviving evidence, and the biological plausibility of such a large land animal, suggested that the enormous size of this animal was an over-estimate due partly to typographical errors in the original report.

The bison is the largest land animal in North America. It can weigh up to a ton, and once inhabited the entire length of the Great Bison Belt. English settlers saw bison for the first time by the Potomac River.West, 258-9.

Among animals, the largest species are all marine mammals, specifically whales. The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived. The largest land animal classification is also dominated by mammals, with the African bush elephant being the largest of these.

Owen assumed crocodylian affinities. In the early 1850s, Gideon Mantell began to suspect that Cetiosaurus was a land animal as a result of his studies of Pelorosaurus. This idea however, was only slowly accepted by other scientists. In 1859 Owen still classified Cetiosaurus in the Crocodylia.

The Stoic Seneca states in his Apocolocyntosis that Claudius' voice belonged to no land animal, and that his hands were weak as well.Seneca Apocolo. 5, 6. However, he showed no physical deformity, as Suetonius notes that when calm and seated he was a tall, well- built figure of dignitas.

Both movies present human interaction with land, animal, and other nature spirits. Speakers for Earth Religion have said that these interactions suggest overtones of Earth Religion themes. Some popular Disney movies have also been viewed as Earth Religion films. Among them are The Lion King and Brother Bear.

"I Cheetah all the time." The other commercial includes Johnson and a cheetah, the world's fastest land animal, and encourages viewers to "go ahead and Cheetah." In May 2017, Ben appeared in an advertising campaign for Australia's leading mobile bookmaker, Sportsbet. The campaign launches Sportsbet's new Android app, and Ben cheekily says it "has tested positive for speed and power, again and again".

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat native to Africa and central Iran. It is the fastest land animal, capable of running at , and as such has several adaptations for speed, including a light build, long thin legs and a long tail. Cheetahs typically reach at the shoulder, and the head-and-body length is between . Adults typically weigh between .

A diagram showing the size of large white rhino individuals compared to humans. The white rhinoceros is the largest of the five living species of rhinoceros. By mean body mass, the white rhinoceros falls behind only the three extant species of elephant as the largest land animal and terrestrial mammal alive today.Cumming, D. H. M., Du Toit, R. F., & Stuart, S. N. (1990).

The pronghorn are North America's fastest land animal, capable of speeds up to , run free across the upland sagebrush at the east side. Bighorn sheep prefer the rocky cliffs of the refuge's west side. Numerous shallow lakes, grassy spring fed meadows attract the greatest variety of species. Bighorn sheep were eliminated by disease and hunting in this area by 1915.

Construction of NS Elephant began in mid-2011 at the Wuhan Shipyard. Named for the largest African land animal, the elephant, the ship was accepted by the Namibian Navy on 3 July 2012 after sea acceptance trials were completed. The ship is operational, utilised for general exclusive economic zone management. The ship is also used to train and qualify junior sailors and officers.

There were few species of land animal in Bermuda before the arrival of humans. The only vertebrate species was the Bermuda skink, or rock lizard (Eumeces longirostris). These were quite numerous, but have become rare due to predation by introduced species, and, especially, the introduction of glass bottles, in which they easily become trapped. Unlike the introduced anoles, their feet are unable to adhere to glass.

Although many species of wildlife may be observed along the river, it is the barren-ground caribou (Qamanirjuaq and Beverly herds) for which it is most well known. Over 300,000 caribou migrate through the area and it is said to be the largest migration of any land animal. Other wildlife that may be observed in the area include muskox, wolverine, peregrine falcon and many species of fish.

The penis of the bush hyrax is complex and distinct from that of the other hyrax genera. It has a short, thin appendage within a cup-like glans penis and measures greater than when erect. Additionally, it has been observed that the bush hyrax also has a greater distance between the anus and preputial opening in comparison to other hyraxes. An adult elephant has the largest penis of any land animal.

Paratarsotomus macropalpis is a species of mite belonging to the family Anystidae. The mite is endemic to Southern California and is usually observed darting amongst sidewalks and in rocky areas. Earlier classified as belonging to genus Tarsotomus, it was reclassified in 1999, along with four other species, to genus Paratarsotomus. It is quite small—0.7 mm—but has been recorded as the world's fastest land animal relative to body length.

Johngarthia lagostoma (Gecarcinidae), a terrestrial crab found on Ascension Island, where it is the largest native land animal A number of lineages of crabs have evolved to live predominantly on land. Examples of terrestrial crabs are found in the families Gecarcinidae and Gecarcinucidae, as well as in selected genera from other families, such as Sesarma, although the term "land crab" is often used to mean solely the family Gecarcinidae.

When it turns into an adult frog and moves to land, it excretes urea instead of ammonia. Thus an aquatic ancestry to land animal is established. A chick on up to its fifth day of development excretes ammonia; from its 5th to 9th day, urea; and thereafter, uric acid. Based on these findings, Baldwin sought a biochemical recapitulation in the development of vertebrates with reference to nitrogenous excretory products.

Johngarthia lagostoma is a species of terrestrial crab that lives on Ascension Island and three other islands in the South Atlantic. It grows to a carapace width of on Ascension Island, where it is the largest native land animal. It exists in two distinct colour morphs, one yellow and one purple, with few intermediates. The yellow morph dominates on Ascension Island, while the purple morph is more frequent on Rocas Atoll.

The largest native land animal is the land crab Johngarthia lagostoma (formerly Gecarcinus lagostoma). Offshore, there is a variety of open-ocean fish, including sharks, wahoo, tuna, bonito, barracuda, marlin, blackfish and sailfish. The protected green turtle is perhaps the most notable of the endemic fauna, coming ashore to lay their eggs on the beaches from November to May. Turtles were regularly harvested until 1930, when the practice was banned.

In wetter areas salmonberry, false lily of the valley, vanilla-leaf, and skunk cabbage may be present. In the sea waters swim orcas, porpoises, seals, salmon, lingcod, shiner perch, saddleback gunnel and three-spined stickleback, among others. The largest land animal in the park would be the black-tailed deer. Fallow deer are also present but are an introduced species from some of the island's history as private hunting grounds.

Fish do not have necks, so the head is directly connected to the shoulders. In contrast, land animals use necks to move their heads so they can look down to see the food on the ground. The greater the mobility of the neck, the more visibility the land animal has. As lineages moved from completely aquatic environments to shallower waters and land, they gradually evolved vertebral columns that increased neck mobility.

A bird's-eye view of a white rhinoceros enclosure at White Oak. The white rhinoceros is the biggest of the five rhino species, and it ranks as the third largest land animal behind the elephants. Depopulation had reduced its range to the southern tip of Africa, but reintroduction efforts have spread it farther north. It is classified as nearly threatened, with an estimated population of about 22,000 in the wild.

45 De Maillet's ideas on the history of mankind are the weakest part of his conception. He incorporates a number of myths and traditions which are simply incorrect. His system of calculating time does not work because no remains of humans are present in the kind of sedimentary rocks he examined. He believes man has a long history, that he originated in the water, and developed into a land animal.

The Bissekty Formation is notable for preserving the most abundant Turonian land animal fossils in Eurasia, and the most diverse fauna of Late Cretaceous eutherians (placental mammals and relatives) in the world. Listings and accompanying information are based on a survey of the Bissekty Formation published by Cory Redman and Lindsey Leighton in 2009 unless otherwise noted. Aquatic and semi-aquatic species are restricted to freshwater unless otherwise noted.

Near the Cowie Bridge, at the north of Stonehaven, was a fishing village known as Cowie, which has now been subsumed into Stonehaven. Somewhat further north are the ruins of Cowie Castle. Slightly to the west of Stonehaven is the ruined Ury House, originally a property of the Frasers. A fossil of the oldest known land animal, Pneumodesmus newmani, a species of millipede, was found at Stonehaven's Cowie Beach in 2004.

A 1967 flyer for Marineland, using the older name "Marineland and Game Farm" Marineland (official name Marineland of Canada Inc.), is a themed zoo and amusement park in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The park has performing marine animal shows, sea mammal and land animal exhibits, and amusement rides. It keeps dolphins, walruses, sea lions, an orca, and beluga whales. The park also keeps bears, deer and other land animals.

The Jamaican iguana (Cyclura collei) is a large species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. The species is endemic to Jamaica. It is the largest native land animal in Jamaica, and is critically endangered, even considered extinct between 1948 and 1990. Once found throughout Jamaica and on the offshore islets Great Goat Island and Little Goat Island, it is now confined to the forests of the Hellshire Hills.

In 2014 Australia surpassed the United States as the world's highest per-capita consumer of land-animal meat (beef, veal, pork, chicken, and lamb), at 90.21 kilograms per person. This figure has been rising over the past two decades, up from 77 kilograms per person in 1979. Annual per capita seafood consumption is approximately 25 kg. In 2013/14 Australians ate 213.3 eggs per capita and drank 105 liters of milk per capita.

Classified as vulnerable, cheetahs are suffering from habitat loss and persecution from farmers protecting livestock in their homelands of Asia and northern Africa. White Oak maintains a significant population of South African cheetahs and has collaborated in research projects to improve their care in captivity. White Oak has had 146 cubs born at its facilities. The cheetah is the world's fastest land animal and can reach speeds over 60 miles per hour.

Sahara desert ants are scavengers. They forage for the corpses of insects and other arthropods which have succumbed to the heat stress of their desert environment. While no known land animal can live permanently at a temperature over 50°C, Sahara desert ants can sustain a body temperature well above , with surface temperatures of up to . Despite this, if out in the open, they must keep moving or else they will fry.

Agathaumas (; "great wonder") is a dubious genus of a large ceratopsid dinosaur that lived in Wyoming during the Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian stage, 66 million years ago). The name comes from the Greek – "much" – and – "wonder". It is estimated to have been long and weighed , and was seen as the largest land animal known at the time of its discovery. It was the first named ceratopsian, though relatively little is known about it.

Since it is generally accepted that the shell arose to provide protection against predators, the semi-aquatic nature of turtles and the development of the plastron complement each other. Ancestral turtles with protection on their underside are more protected from predators that attack from below. Based on this interpretation, the development of the carapace was likely driven in a land animal. Reisz and Head (2008), however, have a different interpretation on the same specimen.

North Ronaldsay sheep have a highly unusual diet consisting almost solely of seaweed. This has evolved due to their unique location, confined to the shoreline by a dry stone wall, leaving only seaweed for food. Apart from the marine iguana, native to the Galapagos Islands, it is the only land animal known to have such a diet. Studies have shown that, due to preference and availability, the sheep eat mainly brown kelps.

The largest predator in Norwegian waters is the sperm whale, and the largest fish is the basking shark. The largest predator on land is the polar bear, while the brown bear is the largest predator on the Norwegian mainland. The largest land animal on the mainland is the elk (American English: moose). The elk in Norway is known for its size and strength and is often called skogens konge, "king of the forest".

Białowieża Forest (; ; ) is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain. The forest is home to 800 European bison, Europe's heaviest land animal. UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme designated the Polish Biosphere Reserve ' in 1976 and the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve ' in 1993. In 2015, the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve occupied the area of , subdivided into transition, buffer and core zones.

Another species, Dilophosaurus sinensis from China, was named in 1993, but was later found to belong to the genus Sinosaurus. It was designated as the state dinosaur of Connecticut based on tracks found there. At about in length, with a weight of about , Dilophosaurus was one of the earliest large predatory dinosaurs and the largest known land-animal in North America at the time. It was slender and lightly built, and the skull was proportionally large, but delicate.

The municipality is poor with agriculture, both commercial and sustenance, being the basis of the economy. Between half to two-thirds of the population farms, either full or part-time, with just over half earning minimum wage and 28% receiving no monetary income at all. While much of the agriculture is mechanized, due to the relative flatness of the land, animal pulled plows can still be found here. Main crops include corn, beans, barley and maguey for pulque.

The well-known symbol of the European Wildlife conservation organization contains a silhouette of the European Bison. The European Bison is a symbol of a successful effort that was invested towards the rescue of animal species in situations where it seemed hopeless. All protectionist projects draw inspiration from that rescue of animals which were among the minority of the last ones to survive the First World War. Moreover, it is the largest land animal in Europe.

The African bush elephant, Earth's largest extant land animal In terrestrial zoology, the megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and New Latin fauna "animal life") comprises the large or giant animals of an area, habitat, or geological period. The most common thresholds used are weight over or see page 17 (i.e., having a mass comparable to or larger than a human) or over a tonne, (i.e., having a mass comparable to or larger than an ox).

The intended use of this cartridge includes hunting large, thick-skinned game. It is powerful enough to kill any land animal and, with its high velocity, can do so at fairly long ranges. Such performance comes at the price of a heavy recoil: in a sporting-weight rifle of ~8 lb (3.6 kg), this cartridge can produce a fierce 80 ft·lbf (108 J) of recoil (approximately 3.5 times that of a .30-06.) There is a wide selection of .

Additional findings comprising forelimb and hindlimb elements have been discovered during the 1960s-1980s. Therizinosaurus comprises the single species T. cheloniformis, which could grow up from long and weigh possibly over . It had the longest known claws of any land animal, reaching up to in length. Unlike other therizinosaurs, the claws were very stiff and elongated, but like other members, it would have been slow, long-necked/high browser herbivore equipped with a keratinous beak and a wide torso.

The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 163.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011. Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06.

McDougall, Christopher, Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen, New York, 2009. Persistence hunting has even been used against the fastest land animal, the cheetah. In November 2013, four Somali-Kenyan herdsmen from northeast Kenya successfully used persistence hunting in the heat of the day to capture cheetahs who had been killing their goats. In the absence of hunting tools, people have occasionally reverted to persistence hunting, as with the Lykov family in Siberia.

Gogonasus (meaning "snout from Gogo") was a lobe-finned fish known from three- dimensionally preserved 380-million-year-old fossils found from the Gogo Formation in Western Australia. It lived in the Late Devonian period, on what was once a 1,400-kilometre coral reef off the Kimberley coast surrounding the north-west of Australia. Gogonasus was a small fish reaching 30–40 cm (1 ft) in length. Its skeleton shows several features that were like those of a four- legged land animal (tetrapod).

Brachiosaurus is one of the best-known members of the Brachiosauridae, and was once thought to be the largest land animal to ever live. Brachiosaurids thrived in the regions which are now North and South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. They first appear in the fossil record in the Late Jurassic Period and disappear in the late Early Cretaceous Period. The broad distribution of Brachiosauridae in both northern and southern continents suggests that the group originated prior to the breakup of Pangaea.

The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), of the order Proboscidea, is the largest living land animal. A native of various open habitats in sub- Saharan Africa, this elephant is commonly born weighing about . The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1974. It was a male measuring from trunk to tail and lying on its side in a projected line from the highest point of the shoulder to the base of the forefoot, indicating a standing shoulder height of .

He reported a story of a "big, heavy land animal, with a single horn on its forehead" as a possible reference to Diprotodon;; pp. 3–7, 74, 224, 230–235. the presence of a horn on the rostrum of the species is not scientifically acknowledged. Skull of Diprotodon, showing the endocranial sinuses in blue, with the cranial vault in redThe skull of Diprotodon has large endocranial sinus cavities, which separate the relatively small cranial vault from the outer part of the skull.

Genesis flood narrative. In Jewish and Christian mythology, sometime near the middle of the 24th century BC, the entire planet was flooded by some of water, tripling the total volume of water on planet Earth, covering the tops of the mountains, and wiping out the entire human and land animal populations. Only one small family of a man named Noah, and one breeding pair of each animal type survived the flood by floating on a large wooden boat for several months.

Elephant is a 1964 science book by L. Sprague de Camp, published by Pyramid Books as part of The Worlds of Science series. The book treats its subject comprehensively, covering elephants in captivity and the wild, their use in ancient warfare, modern conflicts between elephants and farmers, and preservation efforts, among other topics. It is "[d]esigned for the general reader and student, about the various aspects of the world's largest land animal, from fossils to captive elephants."The Science News-Letter, v.

Bernardo Javier González Riga is an Argentinean paleontologist; he is internationally recognised for her research on sauropod dinosaur evolution, and was awarded in 2019. He has discovered in the Late Cretaceous strata of the Mendoza Province (Argentina) the huge sauropod dinosaur named Notocolossus, one of the largest land animal that ever found. He also described and co-described moren than 10 new dinosaur species. Paleontologist Bernardo Gonzalez Riga during the discovery of a new sauropod species, in Late Cretaceous of Argentina.

Worldwide roughly 20 million people are infected with Paragonimus. Human infections are most common in regions with many human and animal reservoir hosts plus an abundance of intermediate hosts, such as snails, crabs, or crayfish, and where in addition consumption of raw or undercooked seafood is common. Consumption of insufficiently cooked meat from infected land animal hosts, such as wild boar, commonly transmits the infection. The domestic cat is a reservoir for a variety of lung flatworms and can transmit the infection to humans.

Rare European bison in Białowieża forest. The Białowieża Forest on the Belarus-Poland border are home to one of the last herds of European bison, also known as wisent, the heaviest surviving wild land animal in Europe Historically, the wisent's range encompassed all of the European lowlands, extending from the Massif Central to the Caucasus. Its range decreased as growing human populations cut down trees. The European bison became extinct in southern Sweden in the 11th century, and southern England in the 12th century.

Diatryma. The Dakota Sioux of Minnesota believed in a water monster called Unktehi, which was thought to resemble a giant buffalo. They attributed mammoth remains to Unktehi since no land animal had such large bones and the remains were typically found in wet areas of low elevation, thus establishing a connection to water. Similar lines of reasoning are seen in other myths based on fossil proboscidean finds throughout North America. Medicine men would also chew on bones attributed to Unktehi as part of their initiation.

The reconstructed skull measures long, making it a candidate for the longest skull of any land animal. With an estimated weight of and length of , Titanoceratops compares with the giant Torosaurus and Triceratops, and was the largest animal in its ecosystem, if not in North America. The holotype skeleton, OMNH 10165, was found in the upper Fruitland Formation, or the lower Kirtland Formation. The border between the two formations is bold, but the original quarry is lost, so it is not known which formation Titanoceratops comes from.

Size of two specimens compared to a human, with holotype in green and largest known specimen in purple Dilophosaurus was one of the earliest large predatory dinosaurs, a medium-sized theropod, though small compared to some of the later theropods. It was also the largest known land-animal of North America during the Early Jurassic. Slender and lightly built, its size was comparable to that of a brown bear. The largest known specimen weighed about , measured about in length, and its skull was long.

In Greek mythology, the white winged horse Pegasus was the son of Poseidon and the gorgon Medusa. Poseidon was also the creator of horses, creating them out of the breaking waves when challenged to make a beautiful land animal. A secondary pair of twins fathered by Zeus, Amphion and Zethus, the legendary founders of Thebes, are called "Dioskouroi, riders of white horses" (λευκόπωλος) by Euripedes in his play The Phoenician Women (the same epithet is used in Heracles and in the lost play Antiope).

Restoration of M. coloradensis All of the species had a pair of blunt horns on their snout (the size varying between species), with the horns of males being much larger than those of the females. This could indicate that they were social animals which butted heads for breeding privileges. Despite resembling the rhinoceros, it was larger than any living rhinoceros: the living animal easily approached the size of the African forest elephant, the third-largest land animal today. It stood about Brontotherium - Titanothere - Oligocene epoch. prehistory.

More recent studies have made a number of suggestions regarding the possibility of such an animal. One analysis of the surviving evidence, and the biological plausibility of such a large land animal, has suggested that the enormous size of this animal were over-estimates due partly to typographical errors in the original 1878 description. More recently, it was suggested by paleontologist Kenneth Carpenter that the species is a rebbachisaurid, rather than a diplodocid sauropod. He therefore used Limaysaurus instead of Diplodocus as a basis for size estimates.

Haas Das se Nuuskas (Haas Das's News Box) was a weekly short television show in South Africa about a rabbit and a mouse running a news broadcast in Diere Land (Animal Land). Created by Louise Smit in 1976, at the time of television's introduction in South Africa, it was the first children's television programme in that country. The "news" typically revolved around all the animals' complaints, achievements and scandals. The voice of Haas Das was performed by a real South African news anchorman, Riaan Cruywagen.

The mite has been recorded at a speed of 322 body lengths per second (). This is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle Cicindela eburneola, the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at or 171 body lengths per second. The cheetah, the fastest land animal, which has been clocked at a peak of , scores at only 16 body lengths per second. High speed photography was used to record the speed of the mite, both in natural conditions and in the laboratory.

Before Ascension Island was colonised by Europeans in the 19th century, Johngarthia lagostoma was the only large land animal on the island. Since then, many species of mammal have been introduced to Ascension Island, and now compete with J. lagostoma; they include mice, rats and rabbits. J. lagostoma is active at night and after rain, when it emerges from its burrows, which can be up to deep. In 1915, H. A. Baylis reported that it feeds on "decaying vegetation and perhaps a certain amount of excreta from sea-birds"; Cited in Manning & Chace (1990).

Average size of adults with the largest recorded individual included The African bush elephant is the largest and heaviest land animal on Earth, with a maximum recorded shoulder height of an adult bull of and an estimated weight of up to . On average, males are about tall at the shoulder and weigh , while females are much smaller at about tall at the shoulder and in weight. Elephants attain their maximum stature when they complete the fusion of long-bone epiphyses, occurring in males around the age of 40 and females around the age of 25.

The park also began showing Stargate SG3000 in its Iwerks 3D Turbo Theater, which finally received new branding and was no longer called DinoSphere. On October 30, 2004, an accident on nearby I-80 caused power to go out in the park, resulting in several dozen riders getting stranded on roller coasters. No injuries were reported, but the park did close several hours early. In 2006, Tava's Jungleland opened, a children's area located in the back of the park near the main land animal displays featuring nine new wild animal displays.

Malesia is a botanical province which straddles the boundary between Indomalaya and Australasia. It includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (known as Sundaland), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions east and west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in land animal species; Sundaland shares its fauna with mainland Asia, while terrestrial fauna on the islands east of the Wallace line are derived at least in part from species of Australian origin, such as marsupial mammals and ratite birds.

Size comparison with a human being Between 1914 and the 1990s, Giraffatitan was claimed to be the largest dinosaur known, (ignoring the possibly larger but lost Maraapunisaurus) and thus the largest land animal in history. In the later part of the twentieth century, several giant titanosaurians found appear to surpass Giraffatitan in terms of sheer mass. However, Giraffatitan and Brachiosaurus are still the largest brachiosaurid sauropods known from relatively complete material. All size estimates for Giraffatitan are based on the skeleton mounted in Berlin, which is partly constructed from authentic bones.

Two Important threatened megafauna found here are the jaguar, Panthera onca, and Belize's largest land animal, Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdii, which is also the national animal of Belize. There is abundant birdlife in the Macal Basin; for example, in the Mountain Pine Ridge sub-watershed alone are found: the rufous-capped warbler, crossbill, pine siskin and eastern bluebird. Between autumn and spring, the hepatic tanager and chipping sparrow are also evident. Raptors hunt among the valleys of Mountain Pine Ridge, and affords the most probable location in Belize to observe the orange-breasted falcon.

A camera trap image of a cougar in Saguaro National Park, Arizona The cougar has the largest range of any wild land animal in the Americas. Its range spans 110 degrees of latitude, from northern Yukon in Canada to the southern Andes. Its wide distribution stems from its adaptability to virtually every habitat type; it lives in all forest types, as well as in lowland and mountainous deserts but also in open areas with little vegetation. In the Santa Ana Mountains, it prefers steep canyons, escarpments, rim rocks, and dense brush.

1970 orca show at the original Marine World in Redwood City Six Flags Discovery Kingdom first opened in 1968 as Marine World, a small zoo in Redwood City, California. In the mid-1970s, it merged with a failing land-animal park called Africa USA and became Marine World Africa USA. In late 1985, the increase in value of the park's property became too great a tax burden. Following an intensive search for a new site led by Michael B. Demetrios, construction began on a new and larger park in Vallejo, California, about north of Redwood City.

The tracks of the largest land animal on the Trail are nearly everywhere. Hikers are liable to encounter moose anytime, especially during twilight and early dawn. Hikers will often observe small trees and shrubs missing their growing tips where moose have munched the new growth as they walked along the Trail.Patrick M. Ryan, "Two Dozen and Ten Talesof theEast Coast Trail", Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador Foxes, otters, beavers, Weasels, Snowshoe Hares (called rabbit by the locals),Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Fisheries and Land Resources Seals, and Whales, are some of the other mammals that may be seen.

Size of Ledumahadi compared to a human At its time in the Early Jurassic epoch, Ledumahadi is thought to have been the largest land animal that had ever lived. It is estimated to have reached a maximum size of around in weight; well over twice any confident weight estimates for a Triassic sauropod (around 3 tonnes, in Camelotia), and still significantly larger than the highest estimates for Lessemsaurus, around 7 tonnes; even early true sauropods, such as Vulcanodon, are not known to have been this large; L. mafube was more comparable to the later sauropod Diplodocus in weight.

Cheetah is a wooden roller coaster by Custom Coasters International, located in the African Pridelands section of the Wild Adventures theme park, in Valdosta, Georgia. The coaster was named after the cheetah, the fastest land animal, because of its top speed reaching 65 mph when the coaster first opened, but after years of friction and track deformation the coaster was recorded in 2009 reaching a top speed of 52 miles per hour. It has a standard out and back layout with five bunny hops and a figure-eight ending. Built in 2001, Cheetah is the largest roller coaster at Wild Adventures.

Gregory Pelton, (aka "Elephant" for a certain anatomical resemblance to a feature of the large Earth land animal), a native of Earth, is probably the richest human alive. His great-to-the-eighth grandmother invented the transfer booth. It is rumored that he actually owns known space, and gets income from renting it out, and that General Products Corporation is actually a front for him. Pelton lives in a house on the side of a cliff in the Rocky Mountains on Earth, and having spent a lot of time in space resents being called a flatlander.

The first few lines of primitive dinosaurs diversified rapidly through the Triassic period; dinosaur species quickly evolved the specialised features and range of sizes needed to exploit nearly every terrestrial ecological niche. During the period of dinosaur predominance, which encompassed the ensuing Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, nearly every known land animal larger than 1 meter in length was a dinosaur. One measure of the quality of the fossil record is obtained by comparing the date of first appearance with the order of branching of a cladogram based on the shape of fossil elements. Close correspondence exists for ornithiscians, saurischians and subgroups.

The maximum temperatures tolerated by certain thermophilic arthropods exceeds the lethal temperatures for most vertebrates. The most heat-resistant insects are three genera of desert ants recorded from three different parts of the world. The ants have developed a lifestyle of scavenging for short durations during the hottest hours of the day, in excess of , for the carcasses of insects and other forms of life which have succumbed to heat stress. In April 2014, the South Californian mite Paratarsotomus macropalpis has been recorded as the world's fastest land animal relative to body length, at a speed of 322 body lengths per second.

The American bison (Bison bison) once numbered in the millions, perhaps between 25 million and 60 million by some estimates, and they were possibly the most numerous large land animal on earth. However, they were hunted to near extinction throughout North America by the late 1880s. The Henry Mountain bison herd was started with animals transplanted from the Yellowstone Park bison herd. It appears that the Yellowstone Park bison herd was the last free-ranging bison herd in the United States and the only location where they did not go locally extinct in the United States.

There was poor (and now missing) evidence that so-called Bruhathkayosaurus, might have weighed over 175 metric tons but this has been questioned. The weight of Amphicoelias fragillimus was estimated at 122.4 metric tons but 2015 research argued that these estimates may have been highly exaggerated. The largest land animal alive today, the bush elephant, weighs no more than . Among the smallest sauropods were the primitive Ohmdenosaurus (4 m, or 13 ft long), the dwarf titanosaur Magyarosaurus (6 m or 20 ft long), and the dwarf brachiosaurid Europasaurus, which was 6.2 meters long as a fully- grown adult.

He was awarded a Sc.D. from Cambridge University in 2002. He retired as the Colleen Macleod Professor of Animal Welfare in 2009 but continues in his other roles as Vice-Chairman of European Food Safety Authority Panel on Animal Health and Welfare and Chairman of Working Group on Welfare of Animals during Land Animal Transport for the World Organization for Animal Health. Broom is a research scientist and science populariser who has written many books and articles on ethology, animal welfare, and evolution, gives public lectures and broadcasts, as well as advising European political bodies on animal welfare science matters.

Where in most environments larger mammals are normally the predators at the top of the food chain, these animals were unable to survive the journey. Thus the giant Galápagos tortoise became the largest land animal on the islands, and due to the lack of natural predators, the wildlife in the Galápagos is known for being extremely tame without instinctual fear. The Galápagos Islands are noted as a home to a large number of endemic species. The stark rocky islands (many with few plants) made it necessary for many species need to adapt to survive here and by doing so evolving into new endemic species.

The ponies are classified as endangered by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust, with only 390 breeding females left in the UK. In 2006 a Rural Enterprise Grant, administered locally by the South West Rural Development Service, was obtained to create a new Exmoor Pony Centre at Ashwick, at a disused farm with of land with a further of moorland. Red deer have a stronghold on the moor and can be seen on quiet hillsides in remote areas, particularly in the early morning. The Emperor of Exmoor, a red stag (Cervus elaphus), was Britain's largest known wild land animal, until it was killed in October 2010.Exmoor, Emperor Stag, shot dead .

Other studies, however, have shown that these chemicals remain adsorbed to surface soil particles, making them more susceptible to surface erosion than infiltration. These studies are also mixed in their findings regarding the persistence of chemicals such as triclosan, triclocarban, and other pharmaceuticals. The impact of this persistence in soils is unknown, but the link to human and land animal health is likely tied to the capacity for plants to absorb and accumulate these chemicals in their consumed tissues. Studies of this kind are in early stages, but evidence of root uptake and translocation to leaves did occur for both triclosan and triclocarban in soybeans.

Side view of a European bison bull Skull of a European bison Bison bull showing tongue coloration The European bison is the heaviest surviving wild land animal in Europe. Similar to their American cousins, European bisons were potentially bigger in old times than remnant descendants; modern animals are about in length, not counting a tail of , in height, and in weight for males, and about in body length without tails, in height, and in weight for females.Semenov U.A. of WWF-Russia, 2014, "The Wisents of Karachay- Cherkessia", Proceedings of the Sochi National Park (8), pp.23–24, , KMK Scientific Press At birth, calves are quite small, weighing between .

The jaguar has an exceptionally powerful bite that allows it to pierce the shells of armored prey Illustration of a jaguar killing a tapir, the largest native land animal in its range Like all cats, the jaguar is an obligate carnivore, feeding only on meat. It is an opportunistic hunter, and its diet encompasses at least 87 species. It prefers prey weighing , with capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) being the most preferred species. Other commonly taken prey include wild boar (Sus scrofa), Odocoileus deer, collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the northern parts of its range, nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica), frogs, and fish.

Artist's impression of Titanoceratops Skeletal reconstruction, holotype material in white, with human for scale The skull measures from the tip of the snout to the quadrate, and the restored frill extends its length up to making it a candidate for the longest skull of any land animal. Titanoceratops was as large as the later triceratopsins Triceratops and Torosaurus, with an estimated weight of and a mounted skeleton measuring long and tall at the back. In 2016 Gregory S. Paul gave a lower estimation of 6.5 meters (21.3 ft) and 4.5 tonnes (4.9 short tons). Tom Holtz (2012) noted that it is extremely similar to its closely related contemporaries Eotriceratops and Ojoceratops, which may all be synonymous.

The peninsula harbours an extraordinary biodiversity, with more than 700 vertebrate land animal species of which 40 are endemic. As a result, from its geological history, "the flora and fauna of Cape York Peninsula are a complex mixture of Gondwanan relics, Australian isolationists and Asian or New Guinean invaders" (p. 41). Birds of the peninsula include buff-breasted buttonquail (Turnix olivii), golden- shouldered parrot (Psephotus chrysopterygius), lovely fairywren (Malurus amabilis), white-streaked honeyeater (Trichodere cockerelli), and yellow- spotted honeyeater (Meliphaga notata) while some such as pied oystercatcher are found in other parts of Australia but have important populations on the peninsula. The peninsula is also home to the eastern brown snake, one of the world's most venomous snakes.

A group of chimpanzees grooming Chimpanzees live in communities that typically range from 20 to more than 150 members, but spend most of their time traveling in small parties of just a few individuals. The eastern chimpanzee is both arboreal and terrestrial and spend its nights in the trees, while most of its daytime hours are spent on the ground. Chimpanzees walk using the soles of their feet and their knuckles, and they can walk upright for short distances. Common chimpanzees are 'knuckle walkers', like gorillas, in contrast to the quadrupedal locomotion (a form of land animal locomotion using four legs) of orangutans and bonobos known as 'palm walkers' who use the outside edge of their palms.

Restoration of T. latus The individuals referred to Torosaurus are all large, comparable to the largest Triceratops specimens. Due to the elongated frill, especially the skull length is considerable. Hatcher estimated the skull of YPM 1830 at 2.2 metres, of YPM 1831 at 2.35 metres.Hatcher, J.B., Marsh O.C. and Lull, R.S., 1907, The Ceratopsia, Monographs of the United States Geological Survey 49: 1-198 In 1933 Richard Swann Lull increased this to 2.4 metres and 2.57 metres respectively.Lull, R.S., 1933, A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3(3): 1-175 Based on this, Torosaurus was seen as having the longest skull of any known land animal.

He also emended the specific name (honouring William Conybeare) to conybearei, but under the present rules of the ICZN, the original conybeari, today written without a capital, has priority. Mantell not only used the sauropod material of C. brevis as the type of Pelorosaurus conybeari but also a large humerus found by miller Peter Fuller at the same site, BMNH 28626, which he assumed to have been of the same individual, being discovered only a few metres away from the vertebrae. Mantell acquired the bone for ₤8. The humerus, clearly shaped to vertically support the weight of the body and presumed to possess a medullary cavity, showed that Pelorosaurus was a land animal.

Lesser bird of paradise is an endemic of New Guinea Malesia is a province which straddles the boundary between the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo and others, known as Sundaland), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions east and west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in land animal species; Sundaland shares its fauna with mainland Asia, while the islands east of the Wallace line either lack land mammals, or are home to a land fauna derived from Australia, which includes marsupial mammals and ratite birds. The insects of New Guinea are however mainly of Asian origin.

Gray fox kit at the Palo Alto Baylands in California The gray fox appeared in North America during the mid-Pliocene (Hemphillian land animal age) epoch ago (AEO) with the first fossil evidence found at the lower 111 Ranch site, Graham County, Arizona with contemporary mammals like the giant sloth, the elephant-like Cuvieronius, the large-headed llama, and the early small horses of Nannippus and Equus. Genetic analyses of the fox- like canids confirmed that the gray fox is a distinct genus from the red foxes (Vulpes spp.). Genetically, the gray fox often clusters with two other ancient lineages, the east Asian raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the African bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis). The chromosome number is 66 (diploid) with a fundamental number of 70.

Rodolfo Aníbal Coria (born in Neuquén June 1, 1959), is an Argentine paleontologist. He is best known for having directed the field study and co- naming of Argentinosaurus (possibly the world's largest land animal ever) in 1993, and Giganotosaurus (one of the largest known terrestrial carnivores), in 1996 among other landmark South American dinosaurs, including Mapusaurus, Aucasaurus, and Quilmesaurus. He is a member of the Argentine Paleontological Association, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paleontological Society and The Explorers Club. He was a leading researcher at the Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum, in Buenos Aires, director of the Museo Carmen Funes in Plaza Huincul (Neuquén Province), from its opening in 1984 until 2007, when he joined the National Research Council of Argentina.

Concerned about the impact of growing demand for seafood on the world's oceans, prominent ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau wrote in 1973: "With earth's burgeoning human populations to feed, we must turn to the sea with new understanding and new technology.""Jacques Cousteau, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau: The Act of life, World Pub: 1973." About 430 (97%) of the species cultured were domesticated during the 20th and 21st centuries, of which an estimated 106 came in the decade to 2007. Given the long-term importance of agriculture, to date, only 0.08% of known land plant species and 0.0002% of known land animal species have been domesticated, compared with 0.17% of known marine plant species and 0.13% of known marine animal species.

A tureen of clear borscht among other dishes on a Polish Christmas Eve table In Poland and Ukraine, borscht is usually one of the dishes served at a Christmas Eve dinner. Celebrated after the first star has appeared in the sky on December 24 (Roman Catholic) or January 6 (Greek Catholic), it is a meal which is at the same time festive and fasting, a multicourse affair (traditionally, with twelve distinct dishes) that excludes ingredients of land-animal origin. Christmas Eve borscht is, therefore, either vegetarian or based on fish stock and is not typically mixed with sour cream. In Ukraine, the soup contains vegetables that are sautéed in vegetable oil rather than lard, as well as beans and mushrooms.

One of the earliest accounts relating to a large unknown freshwater animal was in 1818, when Hamilton Hume and James Meehan found some large bones at Lake Bathurst in New South Wales. They did not call the animal a bunyip, but described the remains indicating the creature as very much like a hippopotamus or manatee. The Philosophical Society of Australasia later offered to reimburse Hume for any costs incurred in recovering a specimen of the unknown animal, but for various reasons, Hume did not return to the lake.See minutes cited (19 December 1821) in Peter Ravenscroft's Bunyip and Inland Seal Archive Ancient Diprotodon skeletons have sometimes been compared to the hippopotamus; they are a land animal, but have sometimes been found in a lake or water course.

The use of tubular projectors (σίφων, siphōn) is amply attested in the contemporary sources. Anna Komnene gives this account of beast-shaped Greek fire projectors being mounted to the bow of warships: > As he [the Emperor Alexios I] knew that the Pisans were skilled in sea > warfare and dreaded a battle with them, on the prow of each ship he had a > head fixed of a lion or other land-animal, made in brass or iron with the > mouth open and then gilded over, so that their mere aspect was terrifying. > And the fire which was to be directed against the enemy through tubes he > made to pass through the mouths of the beasts, so that it seemed as if the > lions and the other similar monsters were vomiting the fire. Some sources provide more information on the composition and function of the whole mechanism.

Oxford: Archaeopress. In the Levant, however, the conditions would have been wetter than those of today and of the preceding interglacial. This is what Hallin et al. (2012) concluded in their study of the δ13C and δ18Oδ13C and δ18O are so- called isotopic signatures. They respectively measure the prevalence of the heavier carbon-13 (13C) and oxygen-18 (18O) isotopes over the more common carbon-12 and oxygen-16. C4-pathway plants have relatively more 13C (higher δ13C) than C3-pathway plants. Because C4 plants are better adapted to hot and dry climates than C3 plants, high δ13C values are associated with hot and dry environments. To the contrary, a greater prevalence of 18O (higher δ18O) in (land) animal bones reflects a colder environment: Because 16O is lighter than 18O, water molecules of the form H216O evaporate slightly more readily than those of the H218O form.

The intermediate stages transfer the parasites from one host to another. The definitive host in which adults develop is a land vertebrate; the earliest host of juvenile stages is usually a snail that may live on land or in water, whilst in many cases, a fish or arthropod is the second host. For example, the adjoining illustration shows the life cycle of the intestinal fluke metagonimus, which hatches in the intestine of a snail, then moves to a fish where it penetrates the body and encysts in the flesh, then migrating to the small intestine of a land animal that eats the fish raw, finally generating eggs that are excreted and ingested by snails, thereby completing the cycle. A similar life cycle occurs with Opisthorchis viverrini, which is found in South East Asia and can infect the liver of humans, causing Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer).

The latter possibility would indicate Aboriginal coexistence with megafauna, with Gregory saying: After examining fossils, Gregory concluded that the story was a combination of the two factors, but that the environment of Lake Eyre had probably not changed much since Aboriginal habitation. He concluded that while some references to Kadimakara were probably memories of the crocodiles once found in Lake Eyre, others that describe a "big, heavy land animal, with a single horn on its forehead" were probably references to Diprotodon. Geologist Michael Welland describes from across Australia Dreamtime "tales of giant creatures that roamed the lush landscape until aridity came and they finally perished in the desiccated marshes of Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre", giving as examples the Kadimakara of Lake Eye, as well as continent-wide stories of the Rainbow Serpent, which he says corresponds with Wonambi naracoortensis. Journalist Peter Hancock speculates in The Crococile That Wasn't that a Dreamtime story from the Perth area could be a memory of Varanus priscus.

He details that beneath the first lives Hel, under the second live frost jötnar, and beneath the third lives mankind. Stanza 32 details that a squirrel named Ratatoskr must run across Yggdrasil and bring "the eagle's word" from above to Níðhöggr below. Stanza 33 describes that four harts named Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór consume "the highest boughs" of Yggdrasil. In stanza 34, Odin says that more serpents lie beneath Yggdrasil "than any fool can imagine" and lists them as Góinn and Móinn (possibly meaning Old Norse "land animal"), which he describes as sons of Grafvitnir (Old Norse, possibly "ditch wolf"), Grábakr (Old Norse "Greyback"), Grafvölluðr (Old Norse, possibly "the one digging under the plain" or possibly amended as "the one ruling in the ditch"), Ófnir (Old Norse "the winding one, the twisting one"), and Sváfnir (Old Norse, possibly "the one who puts to sleep = death"), who Odin adds that he thinks will forever gnaw on the tree's branches.

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is a canine of the order Carnivora, an apex predator largely feeding on ungulates. The earliest radiocarbon date for Irish wolf remains come from excavated cave sites in Castlepook Cave, north of Doneraile, County Cork, and dates back to 34,000 BC. Wolf bones discovered in a number of other cave sites, particularly in the counties of Cork, Waterford and Clare indicate the presence of wolves throughout the Midlandian ice age which probably reached its peak between 20,000 BC and 18,000 BC. By about 14,000 BC Ireland became separated from Great Britain, which, itself, still formed part of mainland Europe, to become an island. Wolves were one of just a few species of land animal in Ireland that survived through the Nahanagan Stadial, a cold period that occurred between 10,800 BC and 9500 BC. Wolves were a major part of Ireland's postglacial fauna, as evidenced by their prominence in ancient Irish myths and legends, in a number of place names (both Irish and English), in archaeological sites, along with a considerable number of historical references. The ringforts, a common feature of the Irish landscape, were built partly as a defence against wolves and to protect livestock, over the period 1000 BC to AD 1000.