137 Sentences With "Kyivan Rus" | Random Sentence Generator

During the Khazar period, the territory of Ukraine was settled by Iranian (post-Scythian), Turkic (post-Hunnic, proto-Bulgarian), and Uralic (proto-Hungarian) tribes and Slavic tribes. Finally, the Varangian ruler of Novgorod, called Oleg, seized Kyiv and established the political entity of Kyivan Rus'. The era of Kyivan Rus' is the subject of some linguistic controversy, as the language of much of the literature was purely or heavily Old Slavonic. Literary records from Kyivan Rus' testify to substantial difference between Russian and Ruthenian (Rusyn) form of the Ukrainian language as early as Kyivan Rus' time.

There is also a temple in Kyiv that has survived from the times of Kyivan Rus.

However, being largely Ukrainian Baroque on the outside, the church retains its original Kyivan Rus interior.

In Hrushevsky's varied historical writings, certain basic ideas come to the fore. Firstly, he saw continuity in Ukrainian history from ancient times to his own. Thus, he claimed the ancient Ukrainian steppe cultures from Scythia to Kyivan Rus to the Cossacks as part of Ukrainian heritage. He viewed the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia as the sole legitimate heir of Kyivan Rus, which opposed the official scheme of Russian history, which claimed Kyivan Rus for the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality and Imperial Russia.

In its earlier stages it was called Ruthenian in Latin. Ukrainian, along with all other East Slavic languages, is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kyivan Rus (10th–13th century). While the Golden Horde placed officials in key Kyivan Rus areas, practised forced resettlement, and even renamed urban centers to suit their own language, the Mongols did not attempt to annihilate Kyivan Rus society and culture. The second onslaught began with the destruction of Kyiv by the Golden Horde in 1240.

Kyivan Rus' was composed of several principalities ruled by the interrelated Rurikid knyazes ("princes"), who often fought each other for possession of Kyiv.The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246 pp. 117–118 The Golden Age of Kyivan Rus' began with the reign of Vladimir the Great (980–1015), who turned Rus' toward Byzantine Christianity.

The charitable organization "Slavic fund" was founded with the intention of creating a historical and cultural Center of Kyivan Rus'. The intent was to reconstitute and reconstruct the Kyiv Detinets (the fortified part of Kyiv in the 5th to 13th century) with a maximum of historical authenticity, cultural and architectonical characteristics, as well as recreating the atmosphere of the epoch of Kyivan Rus'. The reconstructed Kremlin was built using the research of Kyivan Rus' history: U. Aseev, M. Braychevskiy, G. Ivakin, S. Kilievich, A. Kutovoy, B. Rybakov, M. Tihomirov, P. Tolochko, I. Shevelev, and others.

Volodymyrets was first founded in ancient Kyivan Rus' times, and it acquired the status of an urban-type settlement in 1957.

In the 9th century the Varangians from Scandinavia conquered the proto-Slavic tribes on the territory of today's Ukraine, Belarus, and western Russia and laid the groundwork for the Kyivan Rus state. The ancestors of the Ukrainian nation such as Polianians had an important role in the development and culturalization of Kyivan Rus state. The internecine wars between Rus' princes, which began after the death of Yaroslav the Wise, led to the political fragmentation of the state into a number of principalities. The quarreling between the princes left Kyivan Rus vulnerable to foreign attacks, and the invasion of the Mongols in 1236.

Traditional wooden Ukrainian Catholic Church in Kolochava In 988 East Slavic state of Kyivan Rus was converted to the Eastern form of Christianity at the behest of Volodymyr I of Kyiv. Following the East-West Schism between the Roman and Byzantine Churches, the form of Christianity that Kyivan Rus followed became known (in English) as the Eastern Orthodox Church. The westernmost part of Kyivan Rus formed the independent Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which Poland conquered in 1349. Over the following centuries, most of the native landowning nobility adopted the dominant Polish nationality and Roman Catholic religion.

300px The Kyivan Rus ParkKyivan Rus Park official page (full name Ancient Kyiv in the "Kyivan Rus Park") is a historical park and cultural center of Kyivan Rus', near Kyiv, Ukraine. "Bread and circuses" await guests of Rus Park every weekend: shows, cultural and historical festivals, horse-stunt shows, international championships in ancient martial arts. The park is the only one of its kind, where large-scale medieval battles, knightly battles are played out in authentic historical entourage, historical championship battles are held. The uniqueness of the park is that it integrates Rus culture with that of medieval Europe.

The latter's reconstruction was dismissed by some art and architecture historians as a revivalist fantasy. Little secular or vernacular architecture of Kyivan Rus has survived.

Cherkasy Castle The history of Cherkasy has not been thoroughly explored. The year of establishment is considered to be 1286 on the Kyivan Rus territory. There are few facts about the beginning of the city, but it is documented that Cherkasy existed in the 14th century. The first record about Cherkasy dates from 1305 in the Gustynskiy Chronicle, which is the Kyivan Rus chronicle.

Historical linguists trace the origin of the Ukrainian language to the Old East Slavic of the early medieval state of Kyivan Rus'. After the fall of the Kyivan Rus' as well as the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, the language developed into a form called the Ruthenian language. Along with Ruthenian, on the territory of modern Ukraine, the Kyiv version (izvod) of Church Slavonic was also used in liturgical services.Viktor Hrebeniuk. (ПЦУ і церковнослов’янська мова).

During the reign of his son, Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054), Kyivan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural development and military power. The state soon fragmented as the relative importance of regional powers rose again. After a final resurgence under the rule of Vladimir II Monomakh (1113–1125) and his son Mstislav (1125–1132), Kyivan Rus' finally disintegrated into separate principalities following Mstislav's death.Power Politics in Kievan Rus': Vladimir Monomakh and His Dynasty, 1054-1246 pp.

Ovruch originated as an important town of Kyivan Rus, first mentioned as Vruchiy in 977. Later after the sack of Iskorosten it became the capital city of Drevlian.Mykhailo Hrushevsky. History of Ukraine-Rus.

Volhynia's early history coincides with that of the duchies or principalities of Halych and Volhynia. These two successor states of the Kyivan Rus formed Halych-Volhynia between the 12th and the 14th centuries.

Grand Prince Vladimir led to the adoption of Christianity in Kyivan Rus'. Kyivan Rus' was founded in the territory of the Polans, who lived among the rivers Ros, Rosava, and Dnieper. Russian historian Boris Rybakov came from studying the linguistics of Russian chronicles to the conclusion that the Polans union of clans of the mid-Dnieper region called itself by the name of one of its clans, "Ros", that joined the union and was known at least since the 6th century far beyond the Slavic world.Petro Tolochko.

St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kyiv, foremost example of Cossack Baroque and one of Ukraine's most recognizable landmarks Ukrainian architecture includes the motifs and styles that are found in structures built in modern Ukraine, and by Ukrainians worldwide. These include initial roots which were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kyivan Rus'. Since the Christianization of Kyivan Rus' for several ages Ukrainian architecture was influenced by the Byzantine architecture. After the 12th century, the distinct architectural history continued in the principalities of Galicia-Volhynia.

The river was named after the possibly mythical Lybid, sister of the legendary founders of Kyiv, Kyi, Schek, and Khoryv. Others state that Lybid was a former ruler of the Kyiv prior to times of Kyivan Rus'.

Kyiv, the capital of modern Ukraine, became the most important city of the Rus'. In 12th–13th centuries on efforts of Yuri the Long Armed, in area of Zalesye were founded several cities similar in name as in Kyivan Rus such as Vladimir on the Klyazma/Vladimir of ZalesyeFRANCIS BUTLER. Russian History. Brill. 1999 (Volodymyr), Galich of Merya (Halych), Pereslavl of Zalesye (Pereyaslav of Ruthenian), Pereslavl of Erzya. Furthest extent of Kyivan Rus', 1054–1132 The Varangians later assimilated into the Slavic population and became part of the first Rus' dynasty, the Rurik Dynasty.

The Ukrainian culture has experienced a significant resurgence since the establishment of independence in 1991. The modern Ukrainian culture is believed to be formed as a descendant of the ancient state of Kyivan Rus' centered in Kyiv as well the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, both of which Ukrainians claim as their historical ancestors. Therefore it has a shared culture and history with neighboring nations, such as Belarusians and Russians. Ukrainian historian, academic and politician of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Mykhailo Hrushevsky referred to Ukraine as Ukraine-Rus, emphasising Ukraines historical claim to the ancient state of Kyivan Rus.

Krymsky researched the history of the Ukrainian language. As he was an opponent of Aleksei Sobolevsky's claim that the language of the ancient Kyivan Rus’ was more Russian, than Ukrainian, he wrote three polemical studies in 1904-07 on this question, later his views on the language of the Kyivan Rus were summarized in Українська мова, звідкіля вона взялася і як розвивалася ("The Ukrainian Language: Whence It Came and How It Developed"). Krymsky researched Ukrainian dialects and was actively involved in the work of standardizing the vocabulary and orthography of literary Ukrainian in the 1920s. In this activity he rejected the Galician orthographic tradition.

The East Slavs emerged from the undifferentiated early Slavs in the Slavic migrations of the 6th and 7th centuries CE. The state of Kyivan Rus united the East Slavs during the 9th to 13th centuries. East Slavic tribes cited as "proto-Ukrainian" include the Volhynians, Derevlianians, Polianians, and Siverianians and the less significant Ulychians, Tivertsians, and White Croats. Compare: The Gothic historian Jordanes and 6th-century Byzantine authors named two groups that lived in the south-east of Europe: Sclavins (western Slavs) and Antes. Polianians are identified as the founders of the city of Kyiv and as playing the key role in the formation of the Kyivan Rus state.

By default, the Ukrainian nationalist movement became a class movement as well,Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationality, 6 which is arguably one of the reasons for the lengthy existence and evolution of the Ukrainian identity in the face of foreign occupation and policies of assimilation since the fall of Kyivan Rus.

Doroshenko 29 This new political entity, called Kyivan Rus, was ruled by the Varangian dynasty founded by its first prince, Rurik. This dynasty would rule Kyivan Rus and its numerous principalities years after its downfall and was only replaced in Muscovy by the Romanovs in the 17th century. The area of early Slavdom, which roughly coincides with the territory of Ukraine, was at an important crossroad, namely, barbarian migrations from the north, south, and west. Due to a lack of natural barriers and its position at an important geographic migratory route, a multitude of tribes, peoples, and cultures contributed to the development of Ukrainian identity that is unique: neither wholly Western nor Eastern, neither wholly Asian or European.

Yuri Komelkov initiated and curated three sculpture plein-air events — in Vyshhorod (2008, the event dedicated to the 1020th anniversary of Christianization of Kyivan Rus'),Tysiachna, N. Open-air gallery of contemporary art. City of Vyshhorod hosts outdoor sculpture show // Den. 2008. No. 28. in Bucha (2009) and Irpin (2014).

The Kyivan Rus, establishment and development of the state nucleus (КИЇВСЬКА РУСЬ, СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ЯДРА ДЕРЖАВИ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007 The origin of the Kyiv princedom is of a big debate and there exist at least three versions depending on interpretations of the chronicles.Belyayev, A. Rus and Varangians.

A panorama of St. Cyril's Monastery and its Belfry. St. Cyril's Monastery (, translit. Kyrylivs’kyi monastyr) is a medieval monastery in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The monastery contains the famous St. Cyril's Church, an important specimen of Kyivan Rus architecture of the 12th century, and combining elements of the 17th and 19th centuries.

In the 9th century, the territory of modern Tustan was populated by tribes of White Croats. At the end of the 10th century, Croatian principalities that were formed in the basin of the San River, the Upper and Middle Dnister, and the Upper Prut River, were conquered by the Kyivan Rus Prince Volodymyr Sviatoslavych and annexed to Kyivan Rus. In the mid-12th century, Tustan, together with such towns as Peremyshl, Zvenyhorod, Sanok, Horodok, Yaroslav, Vyshnia, Holohory, Synevydsko, Spas, Stara Sil, Lviv, Drohovyzh, Sambir, and Tukhlia, was part of the Peremyshl Principality. Later, the fortress was the main regional border center between the Galician-Volynian Principality and Hungary, and after former became part of the Kingdom of Poland — between the Kingdom of Poland and Hungary.

Myriv was an ancient (Iron Age) Scythian settlement in Ukraine. It was one of the largest Scythian cities in Ukraine between the rivers of Dniester and Dnieper. It was founded 800-750 BC. In 900-1250 AD it was a Ruthenian settlement of Kyivan Rus. The city was destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Rus.

In 1409 Gregory Tsamblak came to Kyiv, where he continued the work of the metropolitan of Kyiv Cyprians. In 1414 he became the metropolitan of Kyiv. He participated in the Council of Constance and called for the agreement and church connections. Tsamblak has been well-known and much appreciated in Kyivan Rus, Serbia and his native Bulgaria.

KubijovyČ, ed. Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia (1963) 1:559-74 Strikingly different interpretations of the medieval state of Kyivan Rus appear in the four schools of historiography within Ukraine: Russophile, Sovietophile, Eastern Slavic, and Ukrainophile. The Sovietophile and Russophile schools have become marginalized in independent Ukraine, with the Ukrainophile school being dominant in the early 21st century.

The history of Ukrainian nationality can be traced back to the kingdom of Kyivan Rus of the 9th to 12th centuries. It was the predecessor state to what would eventually become the Eastern Slavic nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. During this time, Eastern Orthodoxy, a defining feature of Ukrainian nationalism, was incorporated into everyday life.

As the church was one of the largest in Kyivan Rus, it took twenty years to complete it. Before the Mongol invasion the church housed the relics of the first East Slavic saints, Boris and Gleb, but their subsequent fate remains a mystery. The ancient Cossack military monastery, the Mezhyhirskyi Monastery, stood not too far away from the city.

On this side there is also a chapel - a rare feature of ancient Kyivan Rus churches. The baptistery and the niches of the narthex are other uncommon features. Originally, each of the vaults was roofed with plates of sheet steel. Throughout the centuries, the church suffered more than once from devastating enemy raids and a devastating fire in 1734.

List of Ukrainian Rulers Personal seal of Yaroslav the Wise This is a list that encompasses and includes all reigning leaders/rulers in the history of Ukraine. This page includes the titles of the Grand Prince of Kyiv, Grand Prince of Chernihiv, Grand Prince of Pereyaslavl, Grand Prince of Galicia–Volhynia, Hetman of Ukraine and President of Ukraine. The following list begins with the leaders who ruled over the territory of Ukraine during Antiquity and is followed by the princes who ruled the principalities that constituted Kyivan Rus and continues with the presidents of Ukraine. Ukraine as the largest state entirely within the boundaries of Europe has been known by a plethora of names, it has been known historically as: Kyivan Rus, Rus', the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia, the Zaporizhian Host and the Hetmanate.

Orthodox Christian Constantinople's greatest mission outreach was to areas known as Kyivan Rus that are now and then were states of Ukraine and Belarus. Christianity was introduced into Kyivan Rus by Greek missionaries from Byzantium in the 9th century. In 863–869, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius translated parts of the Bible into Old Church Slavonic language for the first time, paving the way for the Christianization of the Slavs. There is evidence that the first Christian bishop was sent to Novgorod from Constantinople either by Patriarch Photius or Patriarch Ignatius, circa 866-867 AD. Ostromir Gospels from Novgorod (1057) By the mid-10th century, there was already a Christian community among Kyivan nobility, under the leadership of Greek and Byzantine priests, although paganism remained the dominant religion.

Flag of Ukraine St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv. Ukrainian nationalism is the ideology promoting the unity of Ukrainians into their own nation state. Although the current Ukrainian state emerged fairly recently, some historians, such as Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Orest Subtelny and Paul Robert Magocsi, have cited the medieval state of Kyivan Rus as an early precedent of specifically Ukrainian statehood.^ Hrushevsky, Mykhaylo.

In 1545 the settlement adopted its current name. Slavic tribes of volyniany used to live on the territory of contemporary Volochysk in ancient times. This region belonged to Kyivan Rus' in the ninth and tenth centuries, later to Halytsko-Volyn Principality. Volochysk area was ravaged in 1241 by Mongol-tatar tribes, which were coming to conquer Halych after they had seized Kyiv.

The history of Ukrainian literature dates back to the 11th century, following the Christianisation of Kyivan Rus'. The writings of the time were mainly liturgical and were written in Old Church Slavonic. Historical accounts of the time were referred to as chronicles, the most significant of which was the Primary Chronicle. Literary activity faced a sudden decline during the Mongol invasion of Rus'.

The name of the river Lokhvytsia, as well as the town, comes from the Old Slavonic word lokhve which means "salmon". At the time of Kyivan Rus the territory where the town is located was part of Pereyaslav Principality. The precise date of the foundation is unknown. From written records, it can be determined that Lokhvytsia existed prior to 1320.

The year the town was founded is unknown. Chornukhy is first mentioned in 1261. It has been assumed that Chornukhy was initially a fortress built to protect against the Pechenegs and the Cumans and was established at the time of the Kyivan Rus' state, but at the end of the 13th century it was destroyed by Mongol-Tatars. The next mention of the town appears in 1641.

Her principal symbol is the spiked wheel, which has become known as the Catherine wheel, and her feast day is celebrated on 25 November by most Christian churches. However the Russian, Polish, Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Churches celebrate it on 24 November. The exact origin of this tradition is not known. In 11th-century Kyivan-Rus, the feast day was celebrated on 25 November.

The name "Ukraine" () is a subject of debate. It is often perceived as being derived from the Slavic word "okraina", meaning "border land". It was first used to define part of the territory of Kyivan Rus (Ruthenia) in the 12th century, at which point Kyiv was the capital of Rus'. The name has been used in a variety of ways since the twelfth century.

The northern reaches of Rus covered a heavily forested area called zalizya (land behind the forest) that was sparsely settled. There was not much industry or agriculture, with trade being the main economic activity. Vladimir, a city in this region, did not significantly increase its power until well into the decline of Kyivan Rus. The south of Rus was the centre of government, culture, and trade.

Andrei Rublev Trinity c. 1400 The use and making of icons entered Kyivan Rus' following its conversion to Orthodox Christianity in AD 988. As a general rule, these icons strictly followed models and formulas hallowed by Byzantine art, led from the capital in Constantinople. As time passed, the Russians widened the vocabulary of types and styles far beyond anything found elsewhere in the Orthodox world.

On 17–18 June 2005, on the Feast of the Holy Trinity, in Kyiv, the Hierarchs Council of UAOC-Sobornopravna under the omophorion of Moses, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine took place, where the name of the Church was asserted as UAOC- Canonical by the decision of the Holy Synod and by the decision of the Ecumenical Hierarchs Council . UAOC-Canonical is the canonical successor of the Kyivan Rus Metropolitanate of the millenary Christening of Rus-Ukraine and has the very direct relation to the Tomos of autocephaly of 1924 granted by the Ecumenical Patriarch Gregorios VII on the canonical basis of the historical inhering to the Kyivan Rus Metropolitanate. The mission of the Thomas of 1924 action renewal for UAOC in Ukraine by the decision of the Holy Synod of UAOC in Diaspora is entrusted to the canonically-ordained Moses (Koulik), Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine.

Population: Kaniv is a historical town that was founded in the 11th century by Kyivan Prince Yaroslav the Wise. This pleasant city is known today mostly for the burial site of Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet and artist. Picturesque and ancient, Kaniv was once one of Kyivan Rus’ largest cities. At that time, it was an outpost used for diplomatic meetings between Ruthenian princes and ambassadors of militant tribes.

The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle reflected the political programme of the Romanovich dynasty ruling Galicia–Volhynia. Galicia–Volhynia competed with other successor states of Kyivan Rus (notably Vladimir-Suzdal) to claim the Kyivan inheritance. According to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, Kingdom of Rus King Daniel was the last ruler of Kyiv preceding the Mongolian invasion and thus Galicia–Volhynia's rulers were the only legitimate successors to the Kyivan throne.Jarosław Pelenski.

Kievan or Kyivan Rus' (, or ) was a loose federationJohn Channon & Robert Hudson, Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia (Penguin, 1995), p.16. of East Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century,Kievan Rus, Encyclopædia Britannica Online. under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it. Russia was ruled by the Rurikid dynasty until the 16th century.PICKOVÁ, Dana, O počátcích státu Rusů, in: Historický obzor 18, 2007, č.11/12, s. 253-261 At its greatest extent, in the mid-11th century, it stretched from the White Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east,Kyivan Rus', Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol.

According to their point of view, the diversification of the Old East Slavic language took place in the 8th or early 9th century. Latest research suggests that Russian diverged from Ukrainian and Belorusian in the 6th century.Kassian, Alexei, Anna Dybo, «Supplementary Information 2: Linguistics: Datasets; Methods; Results» in: However the above research did not take into account findings by Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak who stated that in the 11th century Novgorod language differed from Kyiv language (as well as other Slavic languages) much more than in later centuries, meaning that there was no common Old East Slavic language of Kyivan Rus' from which Ukrainian and Russian languages diverged, but that Russian language developed as convergence of Novgorod language and other Russian dialects, whereas Ukrainian and Belorusian were continuation of respective Kyiv and Polotsk dialects of Kyivan Rus'. Some Ukrainian features were recognizable in the southern dialects of Old East Slavic as far back as the language can be documented.

Italian map of "European Tataria" (1684). Dnieper Ukraine is marked as "Vkraine or the land of Zaporozhian Cossacks" (Vkraina o Paese de Cossachi di Zaporowa). In the east there is "Vkraine or the land of Don Cossacks, who are dependent on Muscovy" (Vkraina overo Paese de Cossachi Tanaiti Soggetti al Moscovita). The name "Ukraine" ( , ) was first used in reference to a part of the territory of Kyivan Rus in the 12th century.

From mid 12th century Kaniv became a big city and played prominent role in the Kyivan Rus (Ruthenian state) where it was a center of an apanage principality within the principality of Kyiv. Until the 13th century, the central part of Kaniv was so called "Hellenic town" located at the Moskovka Mountain. According to popular historic sources, in 1239 the city was conquered and razed by the Mongols.Vermenych, Ya., Bon, O. Kaniv (КАНІВ).

Initially a part of Kyivan Rus and one of its successor states, Halych-Volhynia, the area was occupied by the Kingdom of Poland. Following the Partitions of Poland of 1772, Prykarpattia fell under the Habsburg Monarchy. In the wake of the World War I and the fall of Austria- Hungary, it became disputed between Poland and a short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. After the Polish-Soviet War was concluded, it remained in Poland.

Main entrance to the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Contract Square is known since the Kyivan Rus' times as an important part of the Podil merchant neighborhood. The square lies in between the Andriyivskyy Descent, Sahaidachny, Pokrivska, Florivska, Prytisko-Mykilska, Kostiantynivska, Mezhyhirska, Spaska, Skovorody and Ilynska streets. The construction of the Contracts House, a permanent trading center where contracts were signed, at the end of the 18th century gave the square its current name.

The name Rada () means "council", "rede". The institution originated in the time of Kyivan Rus, and then represented a council of boyars and of higher clergy. In the 17th and 18th centuries the Dnieper Cossacks used the term to refer to the meetings where major decisions were made; the Cossacks elected new councils by popular vote. The Ukrainian People's Republic between 17 March 1917 and 29 April 1918 had a Central Rada.

He was succeeded by Adalbertus, a monk of the convent of St. Maximinus at Trier, but Adalbertus returned to Germany after several of his companions were killed in Russia.See Miroslav Labunka, “Religious Centers and Their Missions to Kievan Rus': From Olga to Volodimir.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 12-13 (1988-1989): 159-93; Andrzej Poppe, "The Christianization and Ecclesiastical Structure of Kyivan Rus to 1300," Harvard Ukrainian Studies21, nos. 3-4 (1997): 318.

Artisans reached a very high level of technical proficiency. The Benedictine monk Theophilus rated jewelers of Kyivan Rus second only after the Byzantines . Besides the pendants, rings, torques, armlets, fibulas, necklaces and other such jewellery, which had been common to all nations, Slavs had original jewellery – silver armlets of a distinctive Kyiv type, temple rings, enameled s and diadems. Slavic metal amulets such as spoons, hatchets, horses, ducks, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic sewed plates are also well known.

Spread of Ukrainian language in the beginning of 20th century Population of those whose mother tongue is Ukrainian in Ukraine (2001) Ukrainian (, ukrayíns'ka móva) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the only official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, one of many based on the Cyrillic alphabet. The Ukrainian language traces its origins to the Old East Slavic language of the medieval state of Kyivan Rus.

Coat of arms of both Przemyśl Land and Sanok Land Przemyśl Land () was an administrative unit of Kyivan Rus, Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed since the integration of Principality of Peremyshl into Kingdom of Ruthenia and until 1772, and was one of five lands (see ziemia) of Poland's Ruthenian Voivodeship. Its capital was at Przemyśl, where local sejmiks also took place. Together with Red Ruthenia, Przemyśl Land was annexed by King Kazimierz Wielki in 1340.

60Translated in Hollander, p. 200. The sagas state that Harald and his Varangians at least once took a break during the siege of a town to enjoy sports.DeVries (1999) p. 32 With regards to religion, Harald had, according to DeVries, a "religious inclination towards Christianity" and was "publicly close to the Christian Church", although he was influenced by the Eastern Christian culture of Kyivan Rus' (Garderike) and the Byzantine Empire, having spent most of his life there.

The political situation (Ukraine and Belarus being mainly part of the Russian Empire at the time) and the historical existence of the medieval state of Kyivan Rus', which occupied large parts of these three nations, led to the creation of the common classification known later as the East Slavic languages. The underlying theory of the grouping is their descent from a common ancestor. In modern times, Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian are usually listed by linguists as separate languages.

Rudnitsky, Ukraine, 178 There was also the boyar nobility, or all of those who owned property. They served as a foil to centralised royal power and would contribute to Kyivan Rus dissolution and fragmentation before the Mongol onslaught. The royalty of Kyiv rested their power on military control and over time developed a tradition of central government: the boyars in this respect had the advantage, since their institution of “noble democracy” was well established, even during the tribal era.

Restoration of tracing of the Desyatynna Church foundationsThe project of the restoration of tracing of the Desyatynna Church foundations (the 1st stone Church of the Kyivan Rus) was initiated by the NGO and implemented with the support of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, the Institute of Archaeology of Ukraine, the National Museum of the History of Ukraine, the Kyiv City State Administration and other institutions in 2015. More than $3,000 donations were raised within the project implementation.

Golden Gate in Kyiv, largely reconstructed, c. 1100 The various structures of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra date to different time periods, and through their styles offer an insight into the History of Ukraine and the rich craftsmanship that was developed in its long period. Ukrainian architecture has initial roots in the Eastern Slavic state of Kyivan Rus. After the 12th century, the distinct architectural history continued in the principalities of Galicia- Volhynia and later in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Žemaitia.

The city is mentioned as an existing city among other Kyivan Rus cities, including Kyiv, Kaniv, Zhytomyr and Ovruch. The city became one of the centers of the Cossack movement. Citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna of 1648-1657 and in the Koliyivschyna of 1768–1769. The city was influenced by the cruel social and economical experiments of Soviet authorities and by World War II. In 1954 Cherkasy became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast (province), the youngest oblast of Ukraine.

The city of Oleshye (Oleshia) has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of Kyivan Rus, but the area itself has been known since antiquity.Pospelov, pp. 26–27 Herodotus mentioned Scythian forests in the mouth of the Dnieper in the 5th century BCE, which were called "Oleshye" (from the Slavic word for forest) by the Slavs. The city, which appeared later, took its name from the area, and the later form of the name (Alyoshki/Oleshky) is also related.

The settlement is first mentioned in 1015 in connection with the internecine wars of 1015–1019, and later, in the 12th century, as part of the Kyivan Rus (Ruthenia). Sometime after the Mongol invasion, most of the Ruthenian territory belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The site of the settlement belonged to the King's translator Soltan Albiyevich who in 1508 sold it to the Kyiv Saint Nicholas Hermitage. It is believed that it was then when the settlement received its modern name.

Gregory Tsamblak (left) on the Council of Constance Gregory Tsamblak or Grigorij Camblak (; (c. 1365–1420) was a Bulgarian writer and cleric who was the metropolitan of Kiev between 1413 and 1420. A Bulgarian noble, Tsamblak lived and worked Bulgaria, but also in Medieval Serbia and Kyivan Rus and indebted these two countries to himself through his literary works, which represent a heritage of their national literatures, particularly the style of Old Serbian Vita made popular in the monasteries of the 12th century.

Founded in the early 10th Century, Bilche Zolote has been ruled at various times by the Kyivan Rus, Lithuania, Austria, Russia, Poland, the Soviet Union, Germany, Carpatho-Ukraine, and Ukraine. Its town council, which oversees the governance of the area, also administers the villages of Yuryampil (), Monastyrok (), and Mushkativ (). The nearest railway station is away in the town of Ozeryany (). The town includes public elementary through secondary schools, a public library, two recreational facilities, and an Inter-Regional Rehabilitation Hospital.

There was also the fact that the elites and boyars were united by common language: Church Slavonic, which is demonstrated by the lack of translators in the courts of various princes from all parts of Kyivan Rus. Books were widely distributed as well. Lastly, the introduction of a codified set of laws, the first of its kind in Eastern Europe, by Yaroslav the Wise, called the Russka Pravda. It must have been widely used because of the many copies found.

Kozelets was first mentioned in 1098 as a fortified town in the East Slavic state of Kyivan Rus'. During times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Kozelets was known by the name Kozlohrad (). The town's main cathedral, designed by Ivan Hryhorovych- Barskyi and Andrei Kvasov. In the beginning of the 17th century, Kozelets was an important regional trade center. The town was also a sotnia town in the Pereiaslav and Kyiv Regiment of the Cossack Hetmanate during the 17-18th centuries.

195–196 The 13th-century Mongol invasion devastated Kyivan Rus'. Kyiv was totally destroyed in 1240. On today's Ukrainian territory, the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi arose, and were merged into the state of Galicia-Volhynia. Danylo Romanovych (Daniel I of Galicia or Danylo Halytskyi) son of Roman Mstyslavych, re-united all of south-western Rus', including Volhynia, Galicia and Rus' ancient capital of Kyiv. Danylo was crowned by the papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253 as the first King of all Rus'.

The Transfiguration Cathedral in Chernihiv dates to 1030 (left), whilst the nearby Cathedral of Boris and Gleb to 1123 (right). The medieval state of Kyivan Rus was the predecessor of modern states of Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus and their respective cultures, including architecture. The great church architecture, built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic lands. The architectural style of the Kyivan state, which quickly established itself, was strongly influenced by the Byzantine.

The centuries of people's lawmaking predated the Constitution of Ukraine in its current form. There was the Russkaya Pravda, the legal code of Kyivan Rus, the Cossack and hetman constitutions, including the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk (one of the first constitutional documents in Europe), the Constitution of the Ukrainian State of 1918. The effective Basic Law of Ukraine has been amended several times. The adoption of the Constitution in 1996 marked the beginning of the formation and development of Ukraine as a new democratic and independent state.

Halych-Volhynia (or Galicia-Volhynya) was the spiritual and cultural successor to Kyivan Rus. It was a distinctly "Ukrainian" state, in the sense that it was not a conglomerate of diverse peoples and principalities. It was situated in the westernmost part of modern Ukraine, and at its height extended to the Black Sea. It was centred in the cities of Halych and Volhynia, and exhibited European features in government and social structure; specifically, feudal social order and mutual self-defence leagues with other Eastern European countries.

Galicia–Volhynia also differed from the northern and eastern principalities of the former Kyivan Rus in terms of its relationship with its western neighbors. King Danylo was alternatively an ally or a rival with neighboring Slavic Poland and partially Slavic Hungary. According to historian George Vernadsky, Kingdom of Rus, Poland and Hungary belonged to the same psychological and cultural world. The Roman Catholic Church was seen as a neighbor and there was much intermarriage between the princely houses of Galicia and those of neighboring Catholic countries.

However, the church did not survive after the Mongol invasion of Kyivan Rus' in 1240. From that point after, wooden churches were constructed in the place where the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross had been located, although, were too destroyed and again replaced with another one. In 1690, a wooden church consecrated to Saint Andrew was moved from the Brethren's cloister in the Podil to the Andriyivsky Mount. It too did not last long, only until 1726, when it was pulled down.

The interior decoration was lavish as its high- quality shimmering mosaics, probably the finest in Kyivan Rus, still testify. When the medieval churches of Kyiv were rebuilt in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in the Ukrainian Baroque style, the cathedral was enlarged and renovated dramatically. By 1746, it had acquired a new baroque exterior, while maintaining its original Byzantine interior. Six domes were added to the original single dome, but the added pressure on the walls was counteracted by the construction of buttresses.

Archimandrite Melkhisedek Melkhisedek (Znachko-Yavorsky) () is famous religious figure and Archimandrite of the Kyivan Rus-Ukraine. As a religious leader of the Orthodox Church in the area, he played a key role during the Cossack-Christian uprising of XVIII century on the banks of river Dnieper called Koliyivshchyna. Melkhisedek was born as Matviy around 1716 to the Lubny sotnik Karp Kostysh with a Cossack's nickname Znachko who in 1766 received an official certificate of affiliation with a noble family of Yavorsky. In 1738 Melkhisedek graduated from the Kiev Academy.

Putin shows no respect for Yanukovych, U.S. cable says, Kyiv Post (11 April 2011) In another Wikileaks diplomatic cable, Volodymyr Horbulin, one of Ukraine's most respected policy strategists and former presidential advisor to then-President Viktor Yushchenko, told the United States Ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst in 2006 that Yanukovych's Party of Regions was partly composed of "pure criminals" and "criminal and anti-democracy figures." Yanukovych and Putin during moleben celebrated by metropolitan Lazarus of Crimea in memory of 1025th anniversary of Christianization of Kyivan Rus. Yanukovych is not known as a great speaker.

Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv is an outstanding architectural monument of Kyivan Rus. The cathedral is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first heritage site in Ukraine to be inscribed on the World Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monastery complex. Aside from its main building, the cathedral includes an ensemble of supporting structures such as a bell tower and the House of Metropolitan. In 2011 the historic site was reassigned from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development of Ukraine to the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine.

The park is composed of a series of protected and recreational areas along both banks of the middle reaches of the Donets River and the Gomolshy River. The right banks of the river is hilly spurs of the Middle Russian Uplands, ranging up to 100 meters above the river. The left bank is generally flat plain of the East European Plain Included on the grounds are many archaeological sites and monuments of historical importance from all eras of Ukrainian history, from the Bronze Age (second millennium BC) to the time of Kyivan Rus.

Princess Olga of Kyiv was the first ruler of Kyivan Rus to convert to Christianity, either in 945 or 957. The Kyivan church was originally a metropolitanate of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Ecumenical patriarch, along with the Emperor, appointed the metropolitan who governed the Church of Rus'. The Metropolitan's residence was originally located in Kiev. As Kyiv was losing its political significance due to the Mongol invasion, Metropolitan Maximus moved to Vladimir in 1299; his successors, Metropolitan Peter and Theognostus, moved the residence to Moscow by the 14th century.

The ancient castles had guardians of our history which were subjected to human impact and natural changes. Most of these castles and fortresses are still in good condition, while some are also ruin. There are around 20 functional monuments structure of Kyivan Rus' and about 5000 castles. All the fortress and castle in Ukraine kept the legendary and romantics stories, detailed information about the beautiful princess, Cossacks, knights, magnates and the fingerprints culture of Poland, Russia Lithuania, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey "movies stars", movies directors and producers were also retained.

It used the Greek cross plan prevalent during the time of the Kyivan Rus, six pillars, and three apses. A miniature church, likely a baptistery, adjoined the cathedral from the south. There was also a tower with a staircase leading to the choir loft; it was incorporated into the northern part of the narthex rather than protruding from the main block as was common at the time. It is likely that the cathedral had a single dome, although two smaller domes might have topped the tower and baptistery.

Liuboml is situated southeast of Warsaw and west of Kyiv, in a historic region known as Volhynia; not far from the border with Belarus to the north, and Poland to the west. Because of its strategic location at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe, Liuboml had a long history of changing rule, dating back to the 11th century. The territory of Volhynia first belonged to Kyivan Rus', then to the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, interwar Poland, the USSR, and finally to sovereign Ukraine.

Her grandson, Vladimir of Kyiv, made Rus' officially a Christian state. The official Christianization of Kyivan Rus' is widely believed to have occurred in 988 AD, when Prince Vladimir was baptised himself and ordered his people to be baptised by the priests from the Eastern Roman Empire. The Kyivan church was a junior metropolitanate of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Ecumenical Patriarch appointed the metropolitan, who usually was a Greek, who governed the Church of Rus'. The Kyiv Metropolitan's residence was originally located in Kyiv itself, the capital of the medieval Rus' state.

Beginning in the late 1980s, under Mikhail Gorbachev, the new political and social freedoms resulted in many church buildings being returned to the church, to be restored by local parishioners. A pivotal point in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church came in 1988, the millennial anniversary of the Baptism of Kyivan Rus'. Throughout the summer of that year, major government- supported celebrations took place in Moscow and other cities; many older churches and some monasteries were reopened. An implicit ban on religious propaganda on state TV was finally lifted.

The transition from "movement" (an informal association) to "front" (a formal association) was seen as a natural "upgrade" once a movement gained momentum with the public, and the Soviet authorities no longer dared to crack down on it. On April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kyiv's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like "Openness and Democracy to the End." Between May and June 1988, Ukrainian Catholics in western Ukraine celebrated the Millennium of Christianity in Kyivan Rus in secret by holding services in the forests of Buniv, Kalush, Hoshiv, and Zarvanytsia. On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kyiv at the monument to St. Volodymyr the Great, the grand prince of Kyivan Rus. On June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate list.

Pereiaslav played a significant role in the history of Ukraine. It was mentioned for the first time in the text of the Rus' treaty with the Byzantine Empire (911) as Pereyaslav-Ruskyi, to distinguish it from Pereyaslavets in Bulgaria. Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev built here in 992 the large fortress to protect the southern limits of Kyivan Rus from raids of nomads from steppes of what is now southern Ukraine. The city was the capital of the Principality of Pereiaslavl' from the middle of the 11th century until its demolition by Tatars in 1239, during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.

The historic Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kyiv. Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium. It was imagined by later writers who sought to put Kyivan Christianity on the same level of primacy as Byzantine Christianity that Apostle Andrew himself had visited the site where the city of Kyiv would be later built. However it was only by the 10th century that the emerging state, the Kyivan Rus, became influenced by the Byzantine Empire; the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957.

Judging by the figures depicted in motion on Trypillian clay vessels, dance has been performed in the lands of present-day Ukraine since at least the third millennium BC. It has been assumed that up to the introduction of Christianity in Kyivan Rus in 988, dance served a very important ritual function in the lands of present-day Ukraine. Pre-Christian rituals combined dance with music, poetry, and song. A remnant of these ritual dances (, translit. Obryadovi tantsi; see also Khorovody) which survive in limited form today are the Spring Dances, or Vesnianky, also referred to as Hahilky, Hayilky, Hayivky, Yahilky, or Rohulky.

There are ruins that date back to the time of Kyivan Rus but the first written record of the village is not until 30 March 1430. The castle was built in the late 16th century by Janusz Zbaraski (1553-1608), voivode of Bracław and according to legend Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, "Hammer of the Cossacks" spent his childhood there. The river made a natural border between the Habsburg empire and Poland, the village began the 20th century under Habsburg control but then became part of Poland. There was a Polish Catholic Church but it was demolished in Soviet times.

Secondly, to give real depth to the continuity, Hrushevsky stressed the role of the common people, the "popular masses" as he called them, throughout the eras. Thus, popular revolts against the various foreign states that ruled Ukraine were also a major theme. Thirdly, Hrushevsky always emphasised upon native Ukrainian factors rather than international ones as the causes of various phenomena. Thus, he was an anti-Normanist, who stressed the Slavic origins of Rus, internal discord as the primary reason for the fall of Kyivan Rus and the native Ukrainian ethnic makeup and origins of the Ukrainian Cossacks.

Thus, the Dnieper water level at this location is lifted artificially by about 6.5–7 meters above the natural level. Therefore, the water of Irpin' is pumped into the Kyiv Reservoir by powerful electrical pumps, making Irpin' the river that literally flows upwards. The lands around Irpen' were the heartland of Kyivan Rus and the chronicles mention the river in connection with several important historic events, such as the Battle on the Irpen' River of 1321 in which the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas (Gedemin) gained control over the lands of what is now central Ukraine.

After the fall of Kyivan Rus, there were several independent Ukrainian states, notably the Kingdom of Halych, the Cossack Hetmanate and the Ukrainian National Republic after the First World War. Overall, though, there has been no modern Ukrainian tradition of statehood, making it even more difficult to place the Ukrainian identity firmly in the European or Asian camps. For that matter, in the 14th to 18th centuries, scholars could not agree as to whether Ruthenians (medieval Latin term for Ukrainians) should be grouped with Poland or Muscovy (proto-Russia). Even at such an early time, the Ukrainian question mystified scholars.

Unfortunately little secular or vernacular architecture of Kyivan Rus' has survived. As Ukraine became increasingly integrated into the Russian Empire, Russian architects had the opportunity to realise their projects in the picturesque landscape that many Ukrainian cities and regions offered. St. Andrew's Church of Kyiv (1747–1754), built by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is a notable example of Baroque architecture, and its location on top of the Kyivan mountain made it a recognisable monument of the city. An equally notable contribution of Rasetrelli was the Mariyinsky Palace, which was built to be a summer residence to Russian Empress Elizabeth.

The name has been used in a variety of ways since the 12th century, referring to numerous lands on the border between Polish and Kyivan Rus territories. In English, the traditional use was "the Ukraine", which is nowadays less common and officially deprecated by the Ukrainian government and many English language media publications.Ukraine or the Ukraine: Why do some country names have 'the'?, BBC News (7 June 2012)Why Ukraine Isn't 'The Ukraine,' And Why That Matters Now, Business Insider (9 December 2013) Ukraine (Україна) is the official full name of the country, as stated in the Ukrainian Declaration of Independence and Constitution; there is no official alternative long name.

This khanate formed the western part of a great Mongol Empire that had been founded by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. After the Mongol destruction of Kyivan Rus in the 13th century, literary activity in Ukraine declined. A revival began in the late 18th century in eastern Ukraine with overlapping literary and academic phases at a time when nostalgia for the Cossack past and resentment at the loss of autonomy still lingered on. The language has persisted despite several periods of bans and/or discouragement throughout centuries as it has always nevertheless maintained a sufficient base among the people of Ukraine, its folklore songs, itinerant musicians, and prominent authors.

In modern English historiography, common names for the ancient East Slavic state include Kievan Rus or Kyivan Rus (sometimes retaining the apostrophe in Rus, a transliteration of the soft sign, ь),Echoes of glasnost in Soviet Ukraine, by Romana M. Bahry, p. viii Kievan or Kyivan Russia, the ancient Russian state, and Kyivan or Kievan Ruthenia. It is also called the Princedom or Principality of Kyiv or Kiev, or just Kyiv or Kiev. The term Kievan Rus was established by modern historians to distinguish the period from the 9th century to the beginning of the 12th century, when Kiev was the center of a large state.

Soviet scholars set the divergence between Ukrainian and Russian only at later time periods (14th through 16th centuries). According to this view, Old East Slavic diverged into Belarusian and Ukrainian to the west (collectively, the Ruthenian language of the 15th to 18th centuries), and Old Russian to the north-east, after the political boundaries of the Kyivan Rus' were redrawn in the 14th century. Some researchers, while admitting the differences between the dialects spoken by East Slavic tribes in the 10th and 11th centuries, still consider them as "regional manifestations of a common language" (see, for instance, the article by Vasyl Nimchuk).Nimchuk, Vasyl'.

Some theorists see an early Ukrainian stage in language development here, calling it Old Ruthenian (Rusyn); others term this era Old East Slavic. Russian theorists tend to amalgamate Rus' to the modern nation of Russia, and call this linguistic era Old Russian. However, according to Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak, Novgorod people did not call themselves Rus' until the 14th century, calling Rus' only Kyiv, Pereiaslav and Chernihiv principalities (Kyivan Rus' state existed till 1240). At the same time as evidenced by the contemporary chronicles, the ruling princes of Kingdom of Russia and Kyiv called themselves "People of Rus'" - Ruthenians (Rusyny), and Galicia–Volhynia was called Kingdom of Rus.

What more, he considered the Princes of Kyiv, including such a major figure in the development of the Grand Duchy of Muscovy, Andrei Bogoliubsky, to have been Little Russians. According to Pogodin it was only Bogoliubsky's descendants he argued that had "gone native" in the north-eastern lands and became Great Russians. According to historian Serhii Plokhy "Pogodin's account of Kyivan Rus history deprived the early Great Russian narrative of its most prized element-the Kyivan period". Pogodin drastically changed his analysis of Kievan Rus and of Russian nationalism after the arrest of his pro-Ukrainian associate Mykola Kostomarov and the remaining members of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius.

The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the former Soviet bloc) has a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called Scythia, the geographical area of Scythians - Christians already lived there.Вселенские Соборы читать, скачать - профессор Антон Владимирович Карташёв Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially Armenia (301 AD) and Georgia (337 AD), later Bulgaria ( 864) and the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, , 988 AD). In some areas, people came to denote themselves as Christians () and as Russians ().

Galicia or Halychyna (;"Galicia". Collins English Dictionary Ukrainian and , Halychyna; ; Czech and ; ; ; ; , Galitsiya; Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region between Central and Eastern Europe.See also: It was once the small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria- Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, which straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine. The area, named after the medieval city of Halych, was first mentioned in Hungarian historical chronicles in the year 1206 as Galiciæ. In 1253 Prince Daniel of Galicia was crowned the King of Rus () or King of Ruthenia following the Mongol invasion in Ruthenia (Kyivan Rus).

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church considers itself the sole descendant in modern Ukraine of the metropolis of Kyiv and all Rus' within the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople established in Kyiv in the 10th century. Due to invasion of the Mongols in the 13th century the metropolitan seat was moved to Vladimir and later to Moscow, while in the Duchy of Halych and Volhynia was created a separate Metropolis of Halych with own Metropolitan. In the 14th century, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas who established his control over the former territories of Kyivan Rus attempted to move the metropolitan seat back to Kyiv.

Borysohlebska Church (Church of Saints Boris and Gleb) in Vyshhorod. Remains of the ancient walls of Vyshhorod View of Kyiv Reservoir near Vyshhorod Historical building Monument in Vyshorod WW2 museum The earliest historical mention of Vyshgorod (the name literally translates as "the town upstream") dates from as early as 946, when it was described as the favourite residence of Saint Olga. Also mentioned in De Administrando Imperio, Vyshgorod served as the fortified castle and residence of the monarchs of Kyivan Rus on the Dnieper from that time until 1240, when the Mongols sacked it. At Vyshhorod Vladimir the Great (reigned 980 to 1015) kept a harem of 300 concubines.

11th territorial defence battalion "Kyivan Rus" fighter, 2014 Ukrainian volunteer battalions mobilized as a response to the perceived state of weakness and unwillingness to counter rising separatism in spring 2014.Ilmari Käihkö, "The War Between People in Ukraine", The War on the Rocks, 21 March 2018 The earliest of these volunteer units were later formalized into military, special police and paramilitary formations in a response to Russian military intervention in Ukraine. Most of the formations were formed by the government agencies of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Internal Affairs; the minority are independent. As of September 2014, 37 volunteer battalions took active part in battles of the War in Donbass.

Given that most of the parishioners were Ukrainians and Belarusians living in the Eastern areas of the newly independent Polish Second Republic, the Patriarch of Constantinople had a canonical basis to grant the Tomos to the Polish church as a successor of the Kyiv Metropolia, the former territory of Kyivan Rus' which Constantinople continued to see as its canonical territory (despite having agreed to allow Moscow to be its caretaker it in 1686).History of Christianity in Ukraine#Territories gained by Pereyaslav Rada The Russian Orthodox Church at the time did not recognise Constantinople's granting of Polish autocephaly. During the interwar period, however, the Polish authorities imposed severe restrictions on the church and its clergy.

Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kyiv is a UNESCO World Heritage Site In pre-historic times and in the early Middle Ages, the territories of present-day Ukraine supported different tribes practising their traditional pagan religions (though note for example the Tengrism of Old Great Bulgaria in the Ukrainian lands in the 7th century CE). Byzantine-rite Christianity first became prominent about the turn of the first millennium. Later traditions and legends relate that in the first century CE the Apostle Andrew himself had visited the site where the city of Kyiv would later arise. In the 10th century the emerging state of Kyivan Rus came increasingly under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire.

The first historical reference to Volodymyr Hill was in the Primary Chronicles of Kyivan Rus, where it describes Sviatopolk II of Kyiv building the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in 1108. The hill, on which the cathedral was built, was a citadel within the ancient part of Kyiv, built by and named after Iziaslav I of Kyiv. Volodymyrska Hill park was established in the mid-19th century, its name reflecting the monument to St. Volodymyr of Kyiv which was erected in 1853 in the park. Volodymyrska Hill originally only referred to a park located at the highest and middle terraces of the historic St. Michael's Hill, which was named after St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral and Monastery.

This pressure has never been geographically equal. For example, Galicia had been under Polish and Austrian rule until the end of Second World War, while Right-bank Ukraine had been under nominal Tsarist rule since the Treaty of Pereyaslav. What can be deduced is that Ukrainian lands had ties to the West for a longer period of time and at crucial moments in the formation of the Ukrainian identity that made it distinct from Russian culture, which did not materialise until the last years of Tsarist rule. As far back as Kyivan Rus, Rurikid dynasty members were married to Western and Central European royalty, such as the ruling houses of England and France.

A major theme in Ukrainian history is the dichotomy between the feeling of being Ukrainian and the political groups and organisations that propel the establishment of a Ukrainian nation. Though the people of Ukraine felt Ukrainian, spoke Ukrainian, worshipped and acted like Ukrainians, they were not legally Ukrainians.Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism, 1 What helped Ukrainian peasants and nobles feel that they were Ukrainian were their distinct religion, customs, and way of living.Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism, 2 What is even more influential though, is the common historical tradition that Ukrainians feel: the rise of Kyivan Rus, its fall and eventual loss of independent statehood for all Ukrainians until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Kyiv National Opera House The Kyiv Academic Puppet Theatre Kyiv was the historic cultural centre of the East Slavic civilization and a major cradle for the Christianization of Kyivan Rus. Kyiv retained through centuries its cultural importance and even at times of relative decay, it remained the centre of primary importance of Eastern Orthodox Christianity . Its sacred sites, which include the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (the Monastery of the Caves) and the Saint Sophia Cathedral are probably the most famous, attracted pilgrims for centuries and now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site remain the primary religious centres as well as the major tourist attraction. The above-mentioned sites are also part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine collection.

11th territorial defence battalion "Kyivan Rus" fighter, 2014 Territorial defence battalions () were volunteer military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence in 2014–2015. They should not be confused with the volunteer units of Special Tasks Patrol Police of Ukraine which created along with territorial defense battalions, but under the auspices of the Ministry of Interior. The battalions were established in mid-2014, during the early stages of the War in Donbass, to combat the pro-Russian separatists and the forces of the Donetsk People's Republic, Luhansk People's Republic, and the United Armed Forces of Novorossiya. 32 volunteer territorial defence battalions were formed.

At the same time a fatwa was issued by an imam against her to be stoned to death. On she protested in Kyiv during the visit of Alexander Lukashenko, from 1994 president of Belarus which has been labeled "Europe's last dictatorship" by some Western journalists, on account of Lukashenko's self-described authoritarian style of government. Retrieved 30 October 2016. "...an authoritarian ruling style is characteristic of me [Lukashenko]" The slogan of the Femen protest was "Stop Dictator". Zhdanova protesting against Lukashenko in Kyiv on the first of July 2012. On Zhdanova along with Sasha Shevchenko, Oksana Shachko, and the photographer Dmitry Kostyukov were arrested in Kyiv before starting their protest against the 1,025th anniversary of Orthodox Christianism in Kyivan Rus'.

At the beginning of the 9th century, Varangians used the waterways of Eastern Europe for military raids and trade, particularly the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. Until the 11th century these Varangians also served as key mercenary troops for a number of princes in medieval Kyiv, as well as for some of the Byzantine emperors, while others occupied key administrative positions in Kyivan Rus society, and eventually became slavicized. Besides other cultural traces, several Ukrainian names show traces of Norse origins as a result of influences from that period. Differentiation between separate East Slavic groups began to emerge in the later medieval period, and an East Slavic dialect continuum developed within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the Ruthenian language emerging as a written standard.

Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007 Kaniv has been mentioned in report of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine after his 1245 travel to the Mongol Empire. In the report the city is mentioned as a Tatars post. In the Middle Ages it was located on the Road from Varangians to Greeks. Initially part of Kyivan Rus', in the 1362 it was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 14th century Grand Prince of Lithuania Vitautas built in Kaniv a castle that existed until 1768. In 1431, it became part of the Lithuanian Kyiv Voivodeship. It was sacked by the Ottoman Turks in 1458. In 1569, Kaniv came under the rule of Poland, and it was also one of the centers of Cossack culture and military life.

On 8 April 2013, five Femen members "topless ambushed" Russian President Vladimir Putin (accompanied by German Chancellor Angela Merkel) at the Hanover trade fair. After Inna Shevchenko chopped down a wooden cross overlooking Maidan Nezalezhnosti in Kyiv on 17 August 2012, she stated that she had received several death threats and that her front door had been kicked in. Fearing arrest, she sought asylum in France and moved to Paris. There, in September 2012, she established a training facility for activists for Femen in France. In late July 2013, one of the ideologists of the Femen, Viktor Sviatsky, and Hutsol were assaulted on the eve of a visit by Putin to Kyiv to celebrate the 1,025th anniversary of the Christianization of Kyivan Rus'.

The Khotyn Fortress' beginning goes back to the Khotyn Fort, which was built in the 10th century by Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavich as one of the border fortifications of southwestern Kyivan Rus', after he added the land of present-day Bukovina to his control. The fort, which eventually was rebuilt a fortress, was located on important transportation routes, which connected Scandinavia and Kyiv with the Ponyzia (lowlands), Podillia, Genoese and Greek colonies on the Black Sea, through Moldavia and Wallachia, on the famous "trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks". The fortification was located on a rocky territory, created by the tall right-hand shore of the Dniester and the valley. At first it was just a huge mound of dirt with wooden walls and protective equipment.

While the internal linguistic divisions of Rus were geographically defined as a North-South split within the confederation of East Slavic tribes, there was a widening gulf between the Rus elites and commoners. As previously mentioned, after the death of Grand Prince Ihor, the Rus language began to develop dialectal forms, corresponding with the conquering of the northern Slavic towns such as Suzdal and Vladimir and the future nation-states of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. The landed elites of Rus, the boyars, spoke Church Slavonic after the conversion of the land to Christianity in AD 988 by Volodymyr the Great, negating the need for interpreters among the various princely courts of Kyivan Rus. The Rurikid dynasty was ethnically Varangian, not Slavic.

The military alliances were formed with Poland, Hungary, and Romania, against the Mongol "Golden Horde", which had conquered the northern Rus principalities and the old centre of Rusyn culture, Kyiv. During the era of Golden Horde hegemony over parts of the Eastern Slavic tribes, a frontier that was lawless and sparsely populated formed on the edge of Kyivan Rus and Halych-Volhynia domains, to the south and west of these political entities. It was a no-man's land until the Ruthenian (not to be confused with Rusyn) peasants, merchants, and nobles began to flee there and settle it, calling the new frontier Zaporizhia, or “past the rapids.” The extent of Rus control in the south was set at the first rapids on the River Dnieper.

The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kyivan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, a Ukrainian national movement for self-determination emerged and the internationally recognized Ukrainian People's Republic was declared on 23 June 1917.

According to the official regional history, on the territory of the modern-day Nedryhayliv district were settlements formed during the late Paleolithic Era (as early as 15,000 years ago), lasting through the Bronze Age and into early Iron Age. In addition to these settlements, archaeologists discovered evidence of the Chernyakhov and Maryanivska cultures, Kurgan burial grounds of the Scythian era, and remains of a settlement of the early Slavs from the first centuries A.D. The area in the region was populated by Severian settlers during the Kyivan Rus' period. Archaeological excavations in 1972 uncovered artifacts from this period, including early Slavic pottery, a beaded necklace, and remnants of metallic weaponry. It is likely that the ancient settlement of Nedryhayliv ceased to exist after the Mongolian-Tatar Invasion of 1239.

Having been a part of Kyivan Rus and then one of its successor states, Halych-Volhynia in the early medieval period, the area was conquered by the Kingdom of Poland in 1325, and later annexed in 1349 by Casimir III of Poland. Władysław II Jagiełło, needing financial support for his battles against the Teutonic Knights, used the region as a guarantee for a loan which he obtained from Petru II of Moldavia, who himself gained control of the region in 1388. Petru was eager to gain influence in the internal politics of the Kingdom of Poland, supporting the cause of his long-time allies, the Jagiellons of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Pokuttia, thus, became the feudal property of the princes of Moldavia, but remained within the Kingdom of Poland.

The cathedral is named after the 6th-century Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) cathedral in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), which was dedicated to the Holy Wisdom rather than to a specific saint named Sophia. The first foundations were laid in 1037 or 1011,Facts.kieve.ua but the cathedral took two decades to complete. According to Dr. Nadia Nikitenko, a historian who has studied the cathedral for 30 years, the cathedral was founded in 1011, under the reign of Yaroslav's father, Grand Prince of Kyivan Rus, Vladimir the Great. This has been accepted by both UNESCO and Ukraine, which officially celebrated the 1000th anniversary of the cathedral during 2011.Booklet "The Millenary of St. Sophia of Kyiv" by Nadia Nikitenko, Kyiv 2011) The structure has 5 naves, 5 apses, and (quite surprisingly for Byzantine architecture) 13 cupolas.

In 863–69, the Byzantine monks Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, both from the region of Macedonia in the Eastern Roman Empire translated parts of the Bible into the Old Church Slavonic language for the first time, paving the way for the Christianization of the Slavs and Slavicized peoples of Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Northern Russia, Southern Russia and Central Russia. There is evidence that the first Christian bishop was sent to Novgorod from Constantinople either by Patriarch Photius or Patriarch Ignatios, c. 866–867. By the mid-10th century, there was already a Christian community among Kyivan nobility, under the leadership of Bulgarian and Byzantine priests, although paganism remained the dominant religion. Princess Olga of Kiev was the first ruler of Kyivan Rus′ who became a Christian.

The eparchy claims its heritage to the original eparchy of Kyiv that dates back to the establishment of the Old Russian (Ruthenian) Church under the jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Old Russian (Ruthenian) Kyiv diocese (or archdiocese) is first mentioned in 891, as the 60th by ranks of honor in the list of departments subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and 61st in the charter of Emperor Leo (886-911). From its beginnings, eparchy of Kyiv was central or primatial diocese of the Metropolitanate, which also included a number of other dioceses, created after the baptism of Kyivan Rus during the rule of Great Prince Vladimir in 988. In reality the eparchy history starts since 1685-1686, when the eparchy of Kyiv, along with all the Metropolitan of Kyiv, has been "transferred" from the Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Moscow.

Museum exposition. Things of the Cossacks in the exposition. The subject of the museum covers a considerable period of time - from the appearance of the first people in Baturyn to the death of the city on November 2 (13), 1708. The exposition of the Baturyn Museum of Archeology consists of three thematic directions: “AncientBaturyn”, “Baturyn of the Cossack era”, “Baturyn– the Hetman's residence”. In the hall “Ancient Baturyn” you can see the bones of mammoths and other ancient animals that walked on our land 10 thousand years ago, stone tools of the Neolithic period, a large number of jewelry from the times of Kyivan Rus, which women loved to wear. The exposition “Baturyn of the Cossack era” is devoted to the Lithuanian-Polish and Cossack periods of Baturyn's history, covers the time from the 14th century to 1669.

"Lobortas" Classic Jewelry House (before 2006 – Lobortas Jewelry House) is a Ukrainian jewellery company, founded on January 15, 1991 in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, by Igor Lobortas. The company makes handcrafted jewelry, including jewels with hard-fired enamels made with the use of an ancient technique brought to the medieval state of Kyivan Rus from Byzantium. In July 21, 2011 the company set a Guinness World Record by inserting 2,525 cut diamonds in one ring, known as “Tsarevna Swan”.Guinness World Record Some works from the Lobortas Jewelry House are in possession of Maria Vladimirovna, claimant to the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia and pretender to the titles of Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias, Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow, the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Sheikh Hamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, presidents of CIS countries, businessmen and entertainers.

Metropolitan Kirill III, who occupied the throne for 30 years, spent almost all of his time in the lands of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' and visited Kyiv only twice, although earlier he had come from Galicia and had been nominated for the post of Metropolitan by the prince Daniel of Galicia. After the new Mongol raid in 1299, Metropolitan Maksim finally moved to Vladimir in the north, and did not even leave a bishop behind. In 1303 a new cathedra was created for south-west Rus' in Galicia and the new Metropolitan was consecrated by Constantinople, but its existence ended in 1355 after the Galicia–Volhynia Wars. In 1325, Metropolitan Peter moved to Moscow, thus greatly contributing to the rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which gradually conquered other Russian principalities in the northeast of the former Kyivan Rus'.

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Ukrainian: Рюрик) (Hrørekr), a Varangian pagan konung or chieftain, who according to the Primary Chronicle was invited to rule Novgorod in 862 and who came to become the ruler of the Northern Slavic tribes of the (Krivchians and Slovene) as well as the Finnish tribes (Meria, Chud and Ves). Later his son or grandson, Prince Ihor, became the Prince of separate Kyivan territories to the south beginning the rule of the Riurykide dynasty of Kyivan Rus. The existence of Rurik is a point of contention for historians, P. Kovaletsky and Omeljan Pritsak believe that Rurik was the same person as Hroereckr (Rorik), the 9th century Norse king of Jutland and Frisia and that pervasive myths and legends about him formed the basis for the primary chroniclers. Alternatively, Alexsei Shakmatov accepts the Primary Chronicle's account as factual and Rurik is a historic being.

Though this did not lead to drastic estrangement between the monarch and commoners, it provided friction between the boyars and the centralised authority, much like the conflicts being played out in the Kingdoms of France and England at the same time. The tension between these two classes contributed to the fall of Kyivan Rus in the face of the invasion of the Golden Horde, and eventually Rus’ western-successor, Halych-Volhynia. Thus, the cultural legacy and common identity of Rus was immortalised in the language, religion, and oral traditions of the Rus peasant. This new state was formulated on the basis of the ancient clan constitution with a new organisation for royal power overlaid. “All the power of government rested originally in the hands of the general assembly of all freemen, whose decrees were executed by elected officials, consisting in part of the war-chieftains,” who became subservient to the princes of the Rurik dynasty.

The legislative Sejm of the Land was located in the capital city, Lemberg, modern day Lviv. In Roman times, the region was populated by various tribes of Celto-Germanic admixture, including Celtic-based tribes – like the Galice or "Gaulics" and Bolihinii or "Volhynians" – the Lugians and Cotini of Celtic, Vandals and Goths of Germanic origins (the Przeworsk and Púchov cultures). During the Great Migration period of Europe (coinciding with the fall of the Roman Empire), a variety of nomadic groups invaded the area,Tadeusz Sulimirski, The Sarmatians, vol. 73 in series "Ancient People and Places", London: Thames & Hudson, 1970. but overall, the East Slavic tribes White Croats and Tivertsi dominated the area since the 6th century until were annexed to Kyivan Rus in the 10th century. In the 12th century, a Rurikid Principality of Halych (Halicz, Halics, Galich, Galic) formed there, which merged at the end of the century with the neighbouring Volhynia into the Principality of Halych Volhynia.

On November 1, 2002 was held the press-conference of Metropolitan Stephan (Babiy- Petrovich), the Primate of UAOC-Sobornopravna of North and South America, dedicated to the historical Council of UAOC-Sobornopravna hierarchs and its decision as for return of Church from Diaspora to the territory of Ukraine. In October 2002 he returned to Ukraine for the archpastoral ministration, to revive the canonival lineage of the Episcopal ordination from Saint Apostle Peter and revive the canonical branch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church from the Polish Orthodox Church, that still in 1924 received Tomos of autocephality, granted by the Ecumenical Patriarch Gregorios VII, on the canonical basis of the historical inhering to the Kyivan Rus Metropolitanate. Starting in 2002 and until the present time, Vladyka Moses has fulfilled the mission of revival of UAOC-Sobornoprana canonical lineage in Ukraine from his apartment in Sterling Heights, Michigan, charged to him by the decision of his group of followers that he appointed as the Diaspora hierarchs of his small church.