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"kurgan" Definitions
  1. a burial mound of eastern Europe or Siberia
"kurgan" Synonyms
barrow tumulus mound motte tell hill tomb long barrow grave mound swell cairn burial mound grave

782 Sentences With "kurgan"

How to use kurgan in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "kurgan" and check conjugation/comparative form for "kurgan". Mastering all the usages of "kurgan" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

Other protests took place in Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Magadan, Kemerovo and Yakutsk.
Mr. Baker lined up clients, and Mr. Kurgan did much of the trading.
Elsewhere, in Siberia, cannabis seeds dating to 3,000 BCE were found in kurgan burial mounds.
He grew up in Kurgan, a town in the Urals, on the border with Kazakhstan.
Cannabis seeds dating back to 3,000 BCE were uncovered in the kurgan burial mounds of Siberia.
He called a former Refco colleague, John Kurgan, and said he was preparing to kill himself.
According to Mr. Baker and to his plea agreement, he and Mr. Kurgan went into business together.
"He did the government of Kurgan a lot of favors in terms of helping to raise money for them," Peara said.
"Individual A" refers to Mr. Kurgan, according to a person involved in the investigation who was not authorized to speak publicly about the plea document.
Traders said they were closely watching news that China approved soybean imports from all parts of Russia and wheat imports from the Russian region of Kurgan.
Then, noting that Mr. Baker had called in on a recorded Refco line, Mr. Kurgan jokingly asked if he could sell the audio of his suicide.
Mr. Kurgan told them that he had no formal role with Lake Shore and was only its outside broker, an F.B.I. summary of the interview shows.
"I failed to stand up for my clients," he said, adding that he did not want to betray Mr. Kurgan, whom he credited with preventing his suicide.
The installation, inspired by NASA's images of Earth, is by Diller Scofidio & Renfro, Laura Kurgan, and Robert Gerard Pietrusko with the Center for Spatial Research at Columbia.
A number of notable founders and industry execs have also invested including Alex Chesterman of Zoopla, Henri Moissinac from Uber, Garrett Curran, Riccardo Zacconi and Stephane Kurgan of King.
The main memorial is the Mamayev Kurgan complex, over which towers "The Motherland Calls," a statue that symbolizes the common mother of all Russians leading them to engage in battle.
The All Saints Church was built on the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex in 1993, after the fall of the Soviet Union, so that believers could honor the memory of the fallen.
China approved wheat imports from the Russian region of Kurgan and soybean imports from all parts of Russia, officials said, having all but halted U.S. soy imports as the trade dispute deepened.
BEIJING (Reuters) - China has approved wheat imports from the Russian region of Kurgan, the Chinese customs office said on Friday, bringing Russia a step closer to its goal of dramatically increasing grain exports.
" Diller Scofidio & Renfro, Laura Kurgan, and Robert Gerard Pietrusko with the Center for Spatial Research at Columbia The collaborators on this exhibition, "In Plain Sight," previously worked together on a 2008 project called "Exit.
Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a wreath-laying ceremony at the Eternal Flame of the Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex in Volgograd, Russia, during an event to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, on Feb. 2.
But in April 2010, the court-appointed receiver overseeing Lake Shore's bankruptcy issued a report that said Mr. Kurgan was a part owner of Lake Shore and its affiliates and had played an official role at the companies.
There is more than enough to appreciate to ignore the occasional swarms of flies and mosquitoes that hounded fans as England beat Tunisia 2-1 at Volgograd Arena Monday night The stadium was constructed on the banks of the Volga and at the bottom of the Mamayev Kurgan, the hill that was savagely fought over by the Red Army and the Nazis.
Matveev Kurgan is known for monuments of military glory: Monument "Anchor" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Motherland" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Regulator Maria" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Soldier" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Tank T-34" Matveev Kurgan. Most of them became landmarks of the district, attracting tourists.
The Monument "Soldier" Matveev Kurgan () is a Russian monument located Matveev Kurgan.
The Monument "Regulator Maria" Matveev Kurgan () is a Russian monument, located near Matveev Kurgan.
Map of Russia with Kurgan Oblast highlighted This is a list of rural localities in Kurgan Oblast. Kurgan Oblast (, Kurganskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. In June 2014, the population was estimated to be 874,100,Kurgan Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service.
The city of Kurgan () functions as the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in the south of the Urals Federal District of Russia. Population: . Until 1782 Kurgan bore the name Tsaryovo Gorodishche.
Oleg Alexeyevich Bogomolov () was the governor of Kurgan Oblast, Russia. He was born in Petukhovo in Kurgan Oblast on October 4, 1950. He became a member of the Kurgan Oblast Duma in 1994. He has been governor of Kurgan Oblast since 1996, being re-elected in 2000 and 2004.
Kurgan Airport () is an airport in Russia located 6 km northeast of Kurgan. It handles medium-sized airliners.
The Monument "Tank T-34" Matveev Kurgan () is a Russian monument located near the village of Matveev Kurgan.
The honorary title of the Kurgan region "Honorary Citizen of the Kurgan region" (1 April 2005). The title "People's Artist of the Russian Federation" (2007). Herman Travnikov was awarded the Kurgan municipal prize of "Recognition".
The Yunior Kurgan () is a junior ice hockey team from Kurgan, farm-club of Zauralie Kurgan. They are members of the National Minor Hockey League (NMHL), the second-level of junior hockey in the country.
However, Connor's cousins Angus and Dougal beat the Kurgan back, rescuing Connor from beheading. The Kurgan screams: "Another time, MacLeod!" Five years later, another Immortal, Juan Sánchez Villa-Lobos Ramírez, seeks out MacLeod as the only hope of defeating the Kurgan. However, the Kurgan discovers this and tracks them down to MacLeod's home.
Blagonravov died in Kurgan on 1 January 2020, at the age of 86. Condolences were offered by , the governor of Kurgan Oblast, and by , head of the city of Kurgan. A memorial ceremony was held on 6 January in the sports complex "Zauralets" in Kurgan. It was attended by some 300 people, including members of Kurganmashzavod and former members of the government of the Kurgan region, including ex-governor Oleg Bogomolov and his former deputy .
In May 2015, Joseph was appointed the ruling Bishop of the diocese of Kurgan with the title "Kurgan and Belozersky" and the head of the Kurgan metropolis; and was elevated to the rank of metropolitan bishop at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.
In the context of the modified Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, this pre-kurgan archaeological culture could represent the Urheimat (homeland) of the Proto-Indo-European language.
In 1908, the family moved to Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast. After staying briefly in Krasnoyarsk, Sedyakin worked as a surveyor in Tobolsk Governorate, in modern-day Tyumen Oblast.
Kurgan Oblast (, Kurganskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. In June 2014, the population was estimated to be 874,100,Kurgan Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Демография down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
According to one version, the building of the district hospital stands on his grave, while another version points to the office the Center of employment. The Russian kurgan has another meaning – “grave”. The settlement Matveev Kurgan was formed around the ataman’s mound. In September 1937 Matveev Kurgan became part of Rostov region.
2500 BC, and the orange area by 1000 BC. The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory or Kurgan model) or Steppe theory is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe, Eurasia and parts of Asia. It postulates that the people of a Kurgan culture in the Pontic steppe north of the Black Sea were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). The term is derived from the Russian kurgan (), meaning tumulus or burial mound. The Kurgan hypothesis was first formulated in the 1950s by Marija Gimbutas, who used the term to group various cultures, including the Yamnaya, or Pit Grave, culture and its predecessors.
The name is Turkic and means "large town or kurgan".
Clancy Brown as the Kurgan The Kurgan—who was taken in by the Kurgan tribe and named Victor—was born in what is now Russia on the border of the Caspian Sea. His tribe, the Kurgans, Juan Ramírez notes, are infamous for their cruelty, and were known to "toss children into pits full of starved dogs, and watch them fight for [the] meat" for amusement. In 1536, the Kurgan hires himself out to Clan Fraser in their battle with the MacLeod clan, in exchange for allowing him to be the one to kill Connor MacLeod. In the midst of the battle, the Kurgan challenges MacLeod and runs him through with his broadsword.
On November 26, 1959, the kishlak ceased to be a regional center in connection with the abolition of the Oktyabrsky district and the entry of the Oktyabrsky kishlak Soviet into the administrative subordination of the Kurgan-Tyubinsk city Soviet of workers' deputies. The status of an urban-type settlement was granted in 1967. Since 1977, it was part of the regional center of the Kurgan- Tyube region, the city of Kurgan-Tyube. On October 17, 1980, the town of Oktyabrsk was merged with the Kurgan-Tyubinsky district under the new name of the Communist district and was designated its administrative center (instead of the regional center of the city of Kurgan-Tyube, which was removed from the district).
Petukhovo () is a town and the administrative center of Petukhovsky District in Kurgan Oblast, Russia, located on the Ishim Plain southeast of Kurgan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It is located on the Kazakhstan–Russia border.
The Governor of Kurgan Oblast is the head of administration of that oblast.
In the season 6 episode "The End of Innocence", Duncan's teacher Graham Ashe indirectly references the Kurgan, saying that while he himself is a great swordsman, there are those that are better, just as the Kurgan was better than Ashe's student Juan Sánchez-Villalobos Ramírez. In the Watcher Chronicles DVD supplements, it's also mentioned that from 1981 to 1985, the Kurgan was watched by future leader of the Hunters, James Horton.
The Butmir Culture (2600 to 2400 BC), found on the outskirts of present-day Sarajevo, developed unique ceramics, and was likely overrun by the proto-Illyrians in the Bronze Age. The "Kurgan hypothesis" of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) origins assumes gradual expansion of the "Kurgan culture", around 5000 BC, until it encompassed the entire pontic steppe. Kurgan IV was identified with the Yamna culture of around 3000 BC.
After several months he was apprehended north of Kurgan, and taken to the prison.
Its current boundaries were formed when Kurgan Oblast was detached from it in 1943.
The Kurgan hypothesis (also theory or model) argues that the people of an archaeological "Kurgan culture" (a term grouping the Yamnaya or Pit Grave culture and its predecessors) in the Pontic steppe were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language. The term is derived from kurgan (), a Turkic loanword in Russian for a tumulus or burial mound. An origin at the Pontic-Caspian steppes is the most widely accepted scenario of Indo-European origins. Marija Gimbutas formulated her Kurgan hypothesis in the 1950s, grouping together a number of related cultures at the Pontic steppes.
Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant named after D. Karbyshev (JSC "Rusich", Russian: Курганский завод колёсных тягачей имени Д. М. Карбышева (ОАО «Русич»)) was a manufacturer of special heavy automotive machines since 1950 located in Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast. Automobiles produced by the plant, special chassis, truck tractors and semi-trailers are used in the Ministry of Defence (Russia) system, also by oil and gas producing companies. In addition, heavy-duty ballast tractors are used for aerodrome-towing aircraft weighing up to 200 tonnes. On April 28, 2011, the factory was declared bankrupt by Arbitral Court of Kurgan Oblast.
Maykop inhumation practices were characteristically Indo-European, typically in a pit, sometimes stone- lined, topped with a kurgan (or tumulus). Stone cairns replace kurgans in later interments. The Maykop kurgan was extremely rich in gold and silver artifacts; unusual for the time.
Monument of Kurgan of Immortality Bryansk has two universities, three theaters, and a technical academy.
The Monument "Motherland" Matveev Kurgan () is a Russian monument located near the village of Starorotovka.
Sergei Sergeyevich Shashkov (; born 7 December 1972 in Kurgan) is a former Russian football player.
Ivan Borisovich Kurpishev (, ISO 9: ; born 2 March 1969 in Kurgan) is a Russian powerlifter.
In 1804 Connor served on the H.M.S. Victory, against Napoleon's troops and fought with The Kurgan, who was on board a French vessel. Connor stabbed Kurgan but before he could take his head, the mainmast fell down and the ship sank. The Kurgan revived and took Connor's Masamune (sword) as his own then he walked away over the bottom of the ocean. Connor had lost his Masamune and would spend decades looking for it.
Kurgan stands on the Trans-Siberian Railway line, between Yekaterinburg and Omsk. It is served by two railway stations and the Kurgan Airport, and it was home to the Kurgan West air base during the Cold War. It is also home to Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics, KAvZ autobus plant, and the machine building company Kurganmashzavod which produces the widely known BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles.
In the Scottish Highlands in 1536, Connor is about to enter his first battle as the Fraser Clan is at war with the MacLeod Clan. The Frasers are aided by the Kurgan (the last of the Kurgan tribes) in exchange for his right to slay Connor. In battle, the Kurgan stabs Connor fatally, but is driven off before he can decapitate him. Connor makes a complete recovery and is accused of witchcraft.
Aleksey Chuyanov passed away on February 20, 1977, in Moscow. He was buried at Mamayev Kurgan.
Elections of deputies of the Kurgan Regional Duma of the VII convocation are scheduled for 2020.
He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1988 for FC Torpedo Kurgan.
In 1971 the Kurgan Research Institute for Experimental and Clinical Orthopaedics and Traumatology (KNIIEKOT) was established in Kurgan. In the center the Ilizarov method of transosseous osteosynthesis is applied to lengthen or reshape limb bones. Ilizarov was the head of this center until 1991. With ca.
The city was granted city privileges by the Empress Catherine the Great in 1782, which is when it acquired its present name and became the seat of an uyezd. The present name is taken from a large kurgan (burial mound) close to the original settlement. Its coat of arms was granted on 17 March 1785, and it became the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in 1943. Kurgan was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1982.
The most important of these finds is the Melgunov Kurgan. This kurgan contains several objects of Near Eastern origin so similar to those found at the kurgan in Kelermesskaya that they were probably made in the same workshop. Most of the Early Scythian sites in this area are situated along the banks of the Dnieper and its tributaries. The funerary rites of these sites are similar but not identical to those of the kurgans in the North Caucasus.
The Kurgan hypothesis or steppe theory is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe, Eurasia and parts of Asia. It postulates that the people of a Kurgan culture in the Pontic steppe north of the Black Sea were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo- European language (PIE). The term is derived from the Russian kurgan (курга́н), meaning tumulus or burial mound.
In March 1944, Taldy-Kurgan Region was allocated from its structure, to which 11 districts were transferred.
The village is located on the right bank of Kama River, 18 km south-east from Kurgan.
He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1983 for FC Pakhtakor Kurgan-Tyube.
In the Kurgan hypothesis espoused by Marija Gimbutas, the Baden culture is seen as being Indo-Europeanized.
Population: 43,446 (2010 Census); The population of Matveyev Kurgan accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.
114; Yakubov & Worth, pp. 113–114 positioned on Malakhov kurgan and manned by 65 of her sailors.Forczyk, p.
The distance to Sokol is 90 km, to Chuchkovo is 8 km. Kurgan is the nearest rural locality.
Ramírez trains MacLeod and the two become friends. One night, while Connor is away hunting, the Kurgan finds and duels Ramírez, who warns him MacLeod is now ready for him. The Kurgan kills Ramirez and leaves the area. Years later, Heather dies of old age, prompting Connor to wander Earth.
Recent talks proposed the reopening of a Kurgan Banquet Hall in Rathcrogan to further deepen political, educational, cultural links.
Matveyev Kurgan () is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Matveyevo-Kurgansky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia.
To exemplify the Watchers' knowledge, Dawson showed Duncan his fellow Clansman Connor's, the Kurgan's, and his own personal databases. Among other Immortals listed as being slain by the Kurgan in this database were Ivan Trotski and Flavio Parocchi. In contrast to the Kurgan's background in the film continuity, the series portrays the Kurgan as being much younger, having received his immortality in 1453 (according to the screen display that Joe shows Duncan). According to Dawson, Connor MacLeod did the world "a big favor" by killing the Kurgan.
Ipatovo kurgan refers to kurgan 2 of the Ipatovo Barrow Cemetery 3, a cemetery of kurgan burial mounds, located near the town of Ipatovo in Stavropol Krai, Russia, some northeast of Stavropol. With a height of , it was one of the largest kurgans in the area. It was completely investigated in 1998–1999, revealing thirteen phases of construction and use, from the 4th millennium BCE to the 18th century. The first grave may have been a burial of the Maykop culture, which was destroyed by later graves.
After he arrives, he discovers the Kurgan targeted Connor MacLeod, a young Highlander who was banished from his clan after he inexplicably recovered from death in the battlefield. Ramírez tracks down MacLeod and the man's wife Heather, explaining the secrets of immortality and the Game. Wishing to make sure MacLeod can defend himself and hoping he will be an ally against evil such as the Kurgan, Ramírez trains the Highlander for over a year. In 1542, while Connor is away hunting, the Kurgan finds Ramírez and Heather.
Since 1959 was a member of the CPSU. In 1989 he left the party. In 1959-1963 he worked as an artist in a department store (Sverdlovsk). In 1963 he graduated from the Sverdlovsk Art College. In 1963-1964 he worked as an artist in "Sputnik" cinema (Kurgan). In 1964-1966 he headed the art studio Kurgan State Pedagogical Institute. In 1966-1968 he worked as an artist at Kurgan studio broadcasting and television. In 1967, he studied at the Television Artists courses in Leningrad.
While Kurgan slept, Stasya managed to steal MacLeod's Masamune katana in payment for services rendered, but left Kurgan his claymore.J.T. Krul, Highlander: Way of the Sword comic book series (2008), Dynamite Entertainment, Issue #2, pp. 1-6. During the 1960s during the Cold War, Kurgan entered into an unholy partnership with the government of the Soviet Union to create a genetically engineered army of mortal super-soldiers purportedly loyal to the U.S.S.R., but in fact created to aid Kurgan in his quest for "The Prize" - men possessing greatly slowed metabolism and aging, as well as superior fighting and swordsmanship abilities.Brandon Jerwa and Michael Avon Oeming, Highlander comic book series (2006), "The Coldest War," Dynamite Entertainment, Issue #1, pp. 11-12.
When it was first proposed in 1956, in The Prehistory of Eastern Europe, Part 1, Marija Gimbutas's contribution to the search for Indo-European origins was an interdisciplinary synthesis of archaeology and linguistics. The Kurgan model of Indo-European origins identifies the Pontic–Caspian steppe as the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) urheimat, and a variety of late PIE dialects are assumed to have been spoken across the region. According to this model, the Kurgan culture gradually expanded until it encompassed the entire Pontic–Caspian steppe, Kurgan IV being identified with the Yamnaya culture of around 3000 BCE. The mobility of the Kurgan culture facilitated its expansion over the entire region, and is attributed to the domestication of the horse and later the use of early chariots.
D. Forostyuk, Луганщина релігійна, Lugansk, Світлиця, 2004. or the Mongolic word "barimal" which means "handmade statue") are anthropomorphic stone stelae, images cut from stone, installed atop, within or around kurgans (i.e. tumuli), in kurgan cemeteries, or in a double line extending from a kurgan. The stelae are also described as "obelisks" or "statue menhirs".
At the Suvorovo site itself a burial of a male and female in a joint grave was found. The male was buried with a "horse-head" scepter in stone. Under the same kurgan two other burials were found. The base of the kurgan was formed by a stone kerb of 13 m in diameter.
During the First World War, in 1918 Galluzo, Italy, Kurgan hired two gypsy women, Natasha and Stasya, to lure Francesco, an Immortal monk, from holy ground with the promise of sexual favors. Once the monk left holy ground, Kurgan challenged him, and quickly took his head. Afterwards, he had his way with the two women.
The initial issues (issues 0-4) deal with Connor MacLeod after the events that took place in the first Highlander film. Although the Kurgan has been defeated, some of those who followed him still seek to bring about some of his plans. Connor also deals with battling within himself for control over the impulses and emotions he received from the Dark Quickening of the Kurgan (issues 6-9). The last story arc (issues 10-12) introduces Duncan MacLeod and has him assisting his kinsman Connor in defeating the followers of the Kurgan.
From the National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Books in Russian. 1\. Akishev K.A. "Kurgan of Issyk". — Moscow, 1978. 2\.
JSC Kurganmashzavod () is a manufacturing company based in Kurgan, Russia. It is known for its BMP series of infantry fighting vehicles.
Dalmatovo () is a town and the administrative center of Dalmatovsky District in Kurgan Oblast, Russia, located east of the Ural Mountains on the north bank of the Iset River (Tobol's tributary; Ob's basin), opposite the mouth of the Techa River, northwest of Kurgan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It was previously known as Dalmatovskoye.
A genetic study from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (2015) favors Gimbutas's Kurgan hypothesis over Renfrew's Anatolian hypothesis but "does not reveal the precise origin of PIE, nor does it clarify the impact Kurgan migrations had on different parts of Europe". Lazaridis et al. (2016) noted on the origins of Ancestral North Indians:. However, Lazaridis et al.
Bokhtar International Airport () is an international airport five kilometers northeast of the city of Bokhtar (until 2018 was called Qurghonteppa), near the village of Sarband. Also known as Kurgan-Tyube, but after renaming the city of Kurgan-Tyube to Bokhtar, it changed its name in the same way. One of the four international airports in Tajikistan.
Important Early Scythian sites have also been discovered in the areas separating the North Caucasus and the forest steppes. These include the Krivorozhskiĭ kurgan on the eastern banks of the Donets, and the Temir-gora kurgan in the Crimea. Both date to the 7th century BC and contain Greek imports. The Krivorozhskiĭ also display Near Eastern influences.
The Kurgan Oblast Duma is the legislative body of Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It was created in 1994 and consists of thirty-four deputies. The United Russia Party currently (2015—2020) holds a 28-seat majority. Fair Russia holds two seats, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation holds two, and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia holds two.
A duel ensues and Ramírez nearly decapitates his foe. Though he fails, the Kurgan will carry the scar from the wound and a damaged voice for the rest of his immortal life. The Kurgan then kills Ramírez, bringing an end to their centuries-long conflict, and leaves. Connor buries Ramírez in Glencoe, near the home he shares with Heather.
2001 Personal Exhibition in the US and UK consulates (Ekaterinburg). 2004 Exhibition "Kurgan Artists" (Kazakhstan, Kostanay). Works by G. Travnikova are in State Tretyakov Gallery, Kurgan, Arkhangelsk, Krasnoyarsk, Turkmen, Karelian art museums, museums in Poland, Bulgaria, Perm, art galleries in Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen and other cities. His paintings are in many private collections and institutions around the world.
In 1998 he took part in the 8th Congress of Russian Artists (Sergiev Posad). Now Herman Travnikov lives and works in Kurgan, Russia.
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kurgan CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament. The Charter of Kurgan Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Kurgan Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body.
Yotvingians and other Baltic tribes A Yotvingian kurgan in the area of Suvalkai A Yotvingian kurgan in the area of Suvalkai A Yotvingian kurgan in the area of Jatwieź Duża Map showing the territory of already partially assimilated Yotvingians Yotvingians, or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English; ; ; , , ), were a Baltic people with close cultural ties in the 13th century to the Lithuanians and Prussians. The Yotvingian language (sometimes called Sudovian) was a Western Baltic language, nearest to Old Prussian but with small variations. They were referred to in regional historical records into the 19th century.
David Anthony instead uses the core Yamnaya culture and its relationship with other cultures as a point of reference. Marija Gimbutas defined the Kurgan culture as composed of four successive periods, with the earliest (Kurgan I) including the Samara and Seroglazovo cultures of the Dnieper–Volga region in the Copper Age (early 4th millennium BC). The people of these cultures were nomadic pastoralists, who, according to the model, by the early 3rd millennium BC had expanded throughout the Pontic–Caspian steppe and into Eastern Europe. Three genetic studies in 2015 gave partial support to Gimbutas's Kurgan theory regarding the Indo-European Urheimat.
MacLeod is away, but Ramírez and Heather MacLeod, Connor's wife, are there. He battles Ramírez, who slices Kurgan's throat (though not deep enough to behead him) before being impaled and decapitated. After taking Ramirez's Quickening, the Kurgan rapes Heather and departs. The Kurgan and Connor MacLeod meet again in 1985, in New York City, where the Gathering is to take place.
Of all the bones, approximately 75% came from horses, possibly exploited by the inhabitants only as food staple. As a part of the Sredny Stog complex, it is considered to be very early Indo- European, and probably, Proto-Indo-European, within the traditional context of the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, though Sredny Stog is itself pre- kurgan as to burial rite.
The first four audios star Adrian Paul as Duncan MacLeod and were released monthly starting in June 2009. The stories are set after Highlander: Endgame. In the audio Kurgan Rising, both the Kurgan and Connor MacLeod seem to return from the dead. Big Finish released a second series of four Highlander audio stories, each based around one of the Four Horsemen.
This revolutionized warfare as well as the practice of archery. Scythian bowmen on gold plaque from Kul Oba kurgan, in Crimea, 4th century BC.
Ismayilov ascribed the Garabulag kurgan cemetery located on the right coast of the Kondalan River and investigated in 1898 by Alexei Ivanovski, to this settlement.
He is buried at the Kuntsevskoe cemetery in Moscow. A bronze bust of him stands in Shumikha, Kurgan province, near the village of his birth.
Zaitsev's grave at Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd On 31 January 2006, Vasily Zaitsev was reburied with full military honors at the Stalingrad memorial at Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd. Zaitsev's dying wish was to be buried at the monument to the defenders of Stalingrad. His coffin was carried next to a monument where his famous quote is written: "For us there was no land beyond the Volga".
Novokorsunskaya kurgan in the Kuban region of Russia contains a wagon grave of the Maykop culture (which also had horses). The two solid wooden wheels from this kurgan have been dated to the second half of the fourth millennium. Soon thereafter the number of such burials in this Northern Caucasus region multiplied.Christoph Baumer, The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors.
Brenda confronts Connor, who explains his true identity. After spending the night together, they part company (due to Connor's immortality making him sterile), but the Kurgan finds Brenda and kidnaps her to draw out Connor. Connor decides it is time to leave behind the "Russell Nash" identity, regardless of his survival. He says goodbye to Rachel and confronts the Kurgan at Silvercup Studios in Queens.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis Another theory about the origin of the Indo-European language centres around a hypothetical Proto-Indo- European people, who, according to the Kurgan hypothesis, can be traced to north of the Black and Caspian Seas at about 4500 BCE. They domesticated the horse and possibly invented the wooden disk wheel, and are considered to have spread their culture and genes across Europe. The Y haplogroup R1a is a proposed marker of these "Kurgan" genes, as is the Y Haplogroup R1b, although these haplogroups as a whole may be much older than the language family.
In 1989 the Irish-American Indo-Europeanist J. P. Mallory published his work In Search of the Indo-Europeans, which presented very similar arguments to Gimbutas, though much fewer. They were presented as counter-arguments to the Kurgan hypothesis, understood in a much more narrow sense than Gimbutas had elaborated. In his work, Mallory provides evidence to support the claim already found in a similar way in Gimbutas (for instance, pp. 357; on page 362, a section is called "The Coexistance of Kurgan Pastoralists and Cucuteni Agriculturalists"), that the Kurgan culture was existing side-by-side along with the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture for about two- thousand years.
Kurgan () is a rural locality (a selo) in Kurgansky Selsoviet of Svobodnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 54 as of 2018. There are 8 streets.
Qurghonteppa Oblast (also known as Kurgan-Tyube Oblast) was an administrative subdivision in Tajikistan until 1992, when it was merged with Kulob Oblast to create Khatlon Province.
The complex is composed of a kurgan, the Shtyki obelisk, and a bas-relief triptych with inscriptions. The kurgan contains the common grave known as Hill of Glory (), which rises to a height of 27 meters.История Зеленограда: № 39 (1974 г.) Памятник — монумент на 41-м километре The Shtyki obelisk is composed of three stylized bayonets that symbolize the rifle, tank and cavalry divisions.65 лет битвы под Москвой.
Solonik went back home to Kurgan, joined the local criminal organization, and started work as a hitman. Solonik's first target, the leader of a rival organization, was murdered in 1990 in Tyumen. After this hit, Solonik went to Moscow with other members of the Kurgan organization to seek work. In 1992, Solonik assassinated Russian "thief in law" Viktor Nikiforov, and six months later he murdered another important Russian Mob boss.
Mamayev Kurgan with The Motherland Calls statue Mamayev Kurgan () is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means "tumulus of Mamai".Mamai commanded the Tatar Golden Horde in the 1370s -- no historical evidence exists of his burial on the site. The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943).
In the context of the Kurgan hypothesis, certain intrusive elements are pointed to as some of the earliest evidence for penetration by Kurgan culture-based Indo-European elements, but Mallory indicates this idea has failed to gain any real acceptance. Older, now largely discarded theories attempted to make this a very early Indo-European culture; the presently prevailing view assigns it to indigenous non-Indo-European- speaking people.
Herman Travnikov born in 1937 in Mekhonskoye village, Kargapolsky District of Chelyabinsk Region (now Shatrovskoye District of Kurgan Region). In 1945 he enrolled in the first grade of the primary school in Borovljanskoye village (Belozersky District of Kurgan Region). In 1951-1952 he studied at the village school of Oktyabrsky of Novosibirsk Region. 1952-1953 he studied for his 8th grade in the district center Pihtovka of Novosibirsk Region.
The Eternal Flame in Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd, Russia (collage) In recognition of the determination of its defenders, Stalingrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945. A colossal monument called The Motherland Calls was erected in 1967 on Mamayev Kurgan, the hill overlooking the city where bones and rusty metal splinters can still be found.Historical Memorial Complex "To the Heroes of the Stalingrad Battle" at Mamayev Hill. Official web site .
Sergei Korostin (Сергей Коростин in Russian) (born July 5, 1989) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Zauralie Kurgan of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
The Division received an order to drive out the enemy from Height 102.0 (Mamayev Kurgan) by using the available forces, and they engaged in the battle and captured the top of the hill, but could not advance further due to the big losses under heavy artillery and mortar fire. The rest of the Division crossed the Volga late because the crossing was subjected to constant blows of the enemy and was only possible at night. During September 19–27 the Division continued with bloody battles against superior enemy forces, supported by tanks and aircraft, but in spite of heavy losses, held the Mamayev Kurgan. Division headquarters was located in the Banny ravine at the foot of Mamayev Kurgan.
At that time, there was already strong social differentiation indicated by rich mound burials. There are parallels to the Early Kurgan culture. Cremation was practised. Painted pottery was introduced.
In the Eneolithic, populations migrating from the north of the Black Sea, of the Kurgan culture, mixed with the previous population, creating the Cernavodă I culture. Under Kurgan II influence, the Cernavodă II culture emerged. Through the combination of the Cernavodă I and Ezero culture, the Cernavodă III culture developed. The region had commercial contacts with the Mediterranean world since the 14th century BC, as proven by a Mycenaean sword discovered at Medgidia,A.
Aeroflot Flight 3739 was a Soviet domestic passenger flight from Irkutsk to Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) with a stopover in Kurgan. On March 8, 1988, after the Tupolev Tu-154 operating the flight had left Kurgan for Leningrad, it was hijacked by the Ovechkin family, whose members sought an escape from the Soviet Union. They were born in Sosnovka (now Perm Krai). The hijackers demanded the crew fly the aircraft to London.
For the fifth season, the league expanded to 40 teams, divided into two conferences with two divisions each. New teams are the junior team of EC Red Bull Salzburg from Austria, Molodaya Gvardia from Ukraine (the junior team of HC Donbass) and Dinamo Saint Petersburg. Ladya Togliatti, Olimpiya Kirovo-Chepetsk, Junior Kurgan (the junior team of Zauralie Kurgan) and HC Chelny were promoted from MHL-B. Oktan Perm was renamed to "Molot".
Moreover, MacLeod's weapon became lodged in the Kurgan's body. The ship sank, taking Kurgan to the sea's bottom, where he revived and claimed the Masamune katana as his own.J.T. Krul, Highlander: Way of the Sword comic book series (2008), Dynamite Entertainment, Issue #1, pp. 1-5. After these events, Kurgan would return to his native Russia, pillaging alongside the Cossacks near the end of the nineteenth century.Garry Kilworth, Highlander film novelization (1986), p. 291.
In September 1823, King Willem I authorized the creation of a Dutch company life insurance, established in Amsterdam, under the name of Nederlandsche Algemene Levens-Verzekering Compagnie. The idea of creating a life insurance company seduced two members of the Brussels Chamber of Commerce, its vice-chairman François Rittweger and banker Jacques Coghen.G. Kurgan, Notitie 'F.L. Rittweger', in G. Kurgan, S. Jaumain, V. Montensus, Dictionnaire des patrons en Belgique, Leuven, 1996, p.528.
Laura Kurgan is a South African architect and an associate professor at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP). She directs the interdisciplinary Center for Spatial Research at GSAPP, which she founded as the Spatial Information Design Lab in 2004. Since 1995, the architect has operated her own New York City based interdisciplinary design firm called Laura Kurgan Design. She has been awarded the Rockefeller Fellowship and a Graham Foundation Grant.
It was originally a tumulus (kurgan) – mohyla means "tumulus" in Ukrainian and according to one interpretation the word savur comes from Turkic sauyr, meaning "steppe mound shaped like horse bottom".
Yevgeni Petrovich Shurko (; born 9 November 1972 in Kurgan) is a Russian football coach and a former player. Shurko played in the Russian Premier League with FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod.
Taldykorgan (, Taldıqorğan), known as Taldy-Kurgan until 1993, is the capital (called an administrative center) of Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. According to the 2010 Kazakh Census Results, the population is 143,407.
Trauma und Berufskrankheit 12, Supplement 1 (2010), p. 42–50. It became compulsory for all senior physicians of the hospital to visit the Kurgan Center for learning the Ilizarov method.
Chang et al. (2015) also conducted a lexicostatistical (and some glottochronological) study, producing results different from the results produced by Gray and Atkinson. This study instead supports the Kurgan hypothesis..
In 1924 both entities were dissolved by the Soviet regime, and Katta-Kurgan was incorporated in the new Uzbek SSR. It is currently the second largest city in Samarkand Region.
She is honored by a street in Volzhsky, Volgograd Oblast bearing her name as well as a school. Her name is listed in the Hall of Military Glory on Mamayev Kurgan.
The village of Veselij and the hamlets of Karkashev, Russkij, Dalnij, and Stepnoy Kurgan are located on the banks of the Veselovsky Reservoir. Proletarsk sits on the bank of the bay.
On May 9, 1972 Tank T-34 was installed at the entrance to the settlement of Matveev Kurgan in honor of the 27th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War in memory of the feat of the tankmen of the 44th Army that participated in the liberation of the village Matveev Kurgan in February 1943. After the defeat of the German fascist troops at Stalingrad, the Soviet Army began the offensive in many directions. On February 14, 1943, the troops of the Southern Front liberated Rostov-on-Don. The task was to come to the river Mius by February 17, to occupy the district centre of Matveev Kurgan and the heights on the western bank of the Mius.
She defined the "Kurgan culture" as composed of four successive periods, with the earliest (Kurgan I) including the Samara and Seroglazovo cultures of the Dnieper/Volga region in the Copper Age (early 4th millennium BCE). The bearers of these cultures were nomadic pastoralists, who, according to the model, by the early 3rd millennium expanded throughout the Pontic-Caspian steppe and into Eastern Europe.Gimbutas (1985) page 190. Gimbutas' grouping is nowadays considered to have been too broad.
There are non-kurgan and kurgan burials, burials in ground pits, in stone boxes and crypts, in the underlying ground strata and on top of them; using both the round and rectangular burials; there are also substantial differences in the typical corpse position.Севда Сулейманова, ДРЕВНЕЙШИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИ В БЛИЖНЕВОСТОЧНО-КАВКАЗСКОМ АРЕАЛЕ Баку 2011 Burial complexes of Kura–Araxes culture sometimes also include cremation.А.И. Мартынов, Кавказский центр металлургии. Культуры долин и гор 5-е изд.
Princeton University Press, 2010 p416 The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Russia. Starokorsunskaya kurgan in the Kuban region of Russia contains a wagon grave (or chariot burial) of the Maikop Culture (which also had horses). The two solid wooden wheels from this kurgan have been dated to the second half of the fourth millennium. Soon thereafter the number of such burials in this Northern Caucasus region multiplied.
Adrian Paul reprises his role as Duncan MacLeod in audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions: The Lesson, Love and Hate, The Secret of the Sword, and Kurgan Rising. One story features a sexually transmitted disease deadly to immortals. In another, an immortal being killed on holy ground seems to upset reality, resurrecting both the Kurgan and Connor MacLeod. Duncan also appears in Highlander: A Celtic Opera, an opera jointly composed by Roger Bellon and Harlan Collins.
David Anthony's The Horse, the Wheel and Language describes his "revised steppe theory". David Anthony considers the term "Kurgan culture" so lacking in precision as to be useless, instead using the core Yamnaya culture and its relationship with other cultures as a point of reference., "Why not a Kurgan Culture?" He points out that He does not include the Maykop culture among those that he considers to be IE-speaking, presuming instead that they spoke a Caucasian language.
The Maikop kurgan (), excavated by Nikolay Veselovsky in 1897 near Maikop, Southern Russia, is the eponym of the Early Bronze Age Maikop culture of the Northern Caucasus. The kurgan had a height of about 10 m and a circumference of about 200 m. It revealed the burial of a supposed priest-king with rich grave goods, including golden and silver bull figurines, as well as two burials of women. The finds are conserved in the Hermitage Museum.
Sergei Aleksandrovich Vinogradov (April 16, 1958 – December 16, 2010) was a Russian journalist, translator and writer. He worked for the UN from 1986 until his death. Sergei Vinogradov was born in Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Russian SFSR in 1958. In 1960, however, he moved to Moscow with his family as his father was promoted to a new position there. He attended school from 1965 to 1975 and was involved in school bands during his senior years (playing the guitar).
Kurgansky Uyezd (Курганский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kurgan.
Track 10, "Thorns", has no vocals, but contains a modified sample from the 1986 film Highlander of The Kurgan (Clancy Brown) telling the character Ramirez (Sean Connery), "Tonight you sleep in hell".
Mandreko was born in Kurgan-Tyube, Tajik SSR. After leaving the newly independent Tajikistan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union he spent the rest of his club career in Austria and Germany.
Location of Kurgan Oblast in Russia Location of Vologda Oblast in Russia Belozersky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The name literally means "pertaining to white lakes".
Archbishop Joseph (, secular name Igor Anatolievich Balabanov , ; born January 31, 1954, Kashira) is a Russian Orthodox bishop, metropolitan bishop of Kurgan and Belozerskoye. His Name Day is on the Monday of Holy Week.
Raised in Kurgan, at the end of 2002 she moved to Omsk for few months and then to Moscow due to professional obligations.Profile, temnikova.narod.ru; accessed 25 September 2015.Elena Temnikova official website, elenatemnikova.
During this time, the Kurgan uses his status as a New York City criminal skinhead gang leader as a fake background and goes by the alias "Victor Kruger." The last six Immortals are himself, MacLeod, Sunda Kastagir, Iman Fasil, Osta Vasilek, and Yung Dol Kim. Vasilek is beheaded by the Kurgan in New Jersey before he learns of Fasil's death in Madison Square Garden at the hands of MacLeod. He then defeats both Kim and Connor's friend Kastagir, leaving just him and McLeod.
Circa 410 AD, the Kurgan joined the Vandals, Goths, and Visigoths in attacking Rome and other Roman settlements, also fighting with the Goths against the Huns. He would then later ally himself with the Huns directly, fighting alongside Attila, around the year 453. From the fifth to thirteenth centuries, the Kurgan would spread terror with the Tatars of the Gobi and ancient Turkey, as well as with Viking raiders and the Mongol horde of Genghis Khan.Garry Kilworth, Highlander film novelization, pp. 290-91.
Ramirez is shown marrying his Japanese wife Shakiko in ancient Japan, and is called by his Egyptian name of Tak Ne by her father, Masamune, during the flashbacks. Kurgan would join the naval forces of Napoleon Bonaparte of France in 1804, and while serving aboard one ship, would run into Connor MacLeod serving aboard the H.M.S. Victory under Admiral Nelson. MacLeod was able to fatally stab Kurgan, but before he could behead him, a mainmast fell, and the two were separated.
Eternal Flame After the war, the Soviet authorities commissioned the enormous Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex. Vasily Chuikov, who led Soviet forces at Stalingrad, lies buried at Mamayev Kurgan, the only Marshal of the Soviet Union to be buried outside Moscow. Among the other people buried there, sniper Vasily Zaytsev was also reburied there in 2006. The monumental memorial was constructed between 1959 and 1967, and is crowned by a huge allegorical statue of the Motherland on the top of the hill.
In 1973 he was approved as a member of the Kurgan Regional Art Council Executive Committee. In 1975 he headed the association of young artists at the Kurgan organization of Artists Union. In 1978 he was approved as a member of the Commission for Watercolors at the Union of Artists. In 1980 he became a member of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" and was elected a member of the committee of the Union of Artists to work with young artists.
The runestone was discovered during the excavations of a kurgan from the 6th century BC. After its construction, the kurgan had been used for 48 additional burials of different types and at various depths. None of the bodies appeared to have been incinerated; some had been carelessly buried without any grave goods, while others had received wooden coffins or had at least been put on planks before the inhumation, while some had been inserted into stone coffins made of flat slabs of stone. On June 9, 1905, von Stern's crew discovered a lidless stone coffin in the eastern part of the kurgan containing a skeleton whose skull was resting on the runestone. The runestone was discovered by von Stern just as a worker intended to throw it on a pile of stone.
Zelenograd's memorial has 3 "bayonets", and the Belarusian memorial has 4. The names of the memorial mounds are also similar, where Zelenograd has the name "Hill of Glory", and the Belarusian "Kurgan of Glory".
A sopka is a monumental tumulus resembling a kurgan, referring specifically to those built by the Novgorodian Sopka cultures of the early middle ages. The Peredolian sopka is a famous example of a sopka.
In 1955, he was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union. Following his death in 1982, he was interred at the Stalingrad memorial at Mamayev Kurgan, which had been the site of heavy fighting.
Samarqand Region web site on gov.uz The capital is Samarqand (pop est 368,000 inhabitants). Other major towns include Bulungur, Juma, Ishtikhon, Katta-Kurgan, Urgut, and Oqtosh. The climate is a typically arid continental climate.
C. H. Beck, München 1986 , pp. 44 ff. In the ground beneath the kurgan was buried one or (very often) more tombs. The corpse lay either in a wooden chamber or a stone cist.
Distribution of this method to memorial (Mausoleums of Garabaghlar, Radkan and Kishmar) and cultic (Jar-Kurgan) constructions dates back to the earlier time. Barda mausoleum is the most similar to Garabaghlar mausoleum by analogy.
Kurgan () is a rural locality (a village) in Myaksinskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.Данные переписи 2002 года: таблица 2С. М.: Федеральная служба государственной статистики, 2004.
They also worked tin and arsenic.Edens, page 56 This form of burial in a tumulus or "kurgan", along with wheeled vehicles, is the same as that of the Kurgan culture which has been associated with the speakers of Proto-Indo-European. In fact, the black burnished pottery of especially early Trialeti kurgans is similar to Kura-Araxes pottery.Edens page 58 In a historical context, their impressive accumulation of wealth in burial kurgans, like that of other associated and nearby cultures with similar burial practices, is particularly noteworthy.
The Shtyki Memorial is connected with other monuments, particularly the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the wall of the Moscow Kremlin, and the Kurgan of Glory in Minsk. On 3 December 1966, in the commemoration of the 25 summer anniversary of the defeat of Hitler's troops in the environs of Moscow, ashes of the soldiers were carried to the Kremlin. The Shtyki complex is sometimes confused with the Belarusian Kurgan of Glory complex due to their similarities. Both are memorial complexes built on kurgans.
The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city.Anton Joly, Stalingrad Battle Atlas, Volume I (Paris: 2017), 81. Assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, it suffered particularly heavy losses.
After retiring in 1960 he was honored with lighting the eternal flame at a memorial to fallen soldiers and wrote a memoir. He died in Kiev on 19 August 1990 but was buried in Mamayev Kurgan.
The "golden man" on the winged leopard has become one of the main symbols of Kazakhstan. Many "balbals" or kurgan stelae, monoliths shaped like human figures, have been found topping kurgans, or surrounding them in groups.
Kurgan Kara-Tapa is a village in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It is suspected that this village has undergone a name change or no longer exists, as no Azerbaijani website mentions it under this name.
The Brain Index is a collaboration between Hansen and Laura Kurgan of the Center for Spatial Research at Columbia University. It allows users to interact with data about the human brain, distributed across many large scale displays.
The Sredny Stog culture () is a pre-Kurgan archaeological culture from the 5th millennium BC. It is named after the Russian term for the Dnieper river islet of today's Seredny Stih, Ukraine, where it was first located.
The original name Tashkorghan is Uzbek for "stone mausoleum/kurgan". The town's name was changed to Kholm during the Pashtunisation of northern Afghanistan by the central government headed by Minister of the Interior, Wazir Mohammad Gul Khan.
However, after six months he was expelled for extreme violence towards suspects, and upon returning home, Solonik obtained a job as a gravedigger at the Kurgan cemetery. Soon after returning to Kurgan he married, and his wife gave birth to a daughter, but they eventually divorced. Solonik married another woman with whom he had a son, and in 1987 he was charged with rape and sentenced to eight years in prison. During a farewell meeting with his wife before he was imprisoned, Solonik escaped by jumping from the second floor of the building.
From this experience, Kurgan learnt the value of steel and a well-crafted blade.J.T. Krul, Highlander: Way of the Sword comic book series (2008), Dynamite Entertainment, Issue #3, pp. 2-6. The Spartan warrior fought in the battle was revealed to be fellow Immortal Tak Ne, later known as Ramírez. Kurgan would also encounter him in Babylonia and ancient China before their final confrontation in Scotland.Gregory Widen, Peter Bellwood, and Larry Ferguson, Highlander movie screenplay (1985); J.T. Krul, Highlander: Way of the Sword comic book series (2008), Dynamite Entertainment, Issue #4, pp. 1-5.
In 1541, he meets the immortal Egyptian Juan Sánchez-Villalobos Ramírez, who teaches him of his true nature and how to fight. While Connor only wants a family and a quiet life, Ramírez informs him immortals cannot have children and argues it is their duty to make sure evil people such as the Kurgan don't win the Prize. "In the end, there can be only one."ShopusMore's Birth of Connor While Connor is away one night, the Kurgan duels Ramírez and kills him, then rapes Heather before leaving, thinking MacLeod has moved on from Scotland.
Ural Economic Region () is one of twelve economic regions of Russia. This prominent industrial region consists of the following subdivisions (with their administrative centers): Bashkortostan (Ufa), Chelyabinsk Oblast (Chelyabinsk), Kurgan Oblast (Kurgan), Orenburg Oblast (Orenburg), Perm Krai (Perm), Sverdlovsk Oblast (Yekaterinburg) and Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk). It is mostly located in the Central, and partly in the Southern and Northern parts of the Urals, but also includes parts of the East European and West Siberian Plains. Its extent is different from that of the Ural Federal District; Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast.
His name is also inscribed on the memorial plaque at the mass grave on Mamayev Kurgan. There is a plaque in both Mogilev village and Dnipropetrovsk. On 16 November 2013, a monument to Panikakha in Dnipropetrovsk was unveiled.
The Tobol-Irtysh Tatars group is the most numerous out of all 3 groups of Siberian Tatars. They live in the Tyumen, Kurgan and Omsk Oblasts. The sub-groups are: Zabolotnie (Yaskolbinsk), Tobol, Kurdak-Sargat, Tara, Tyumen-Turin.
Within the Indigenous Aryans (OIT) school of thought, he is regarded one of few authors to use paleolinguistics. The theory is rejected by most academics who favour the Kurgan hypothesis, although some authors in India have supported Elst's theses.
The Issyk inscription is a yet undeciphered text, found in 1969 on a silver bowl in Issyk kurgan in Kazakhstan, dated at approximately the 4th century BC. The context of the burial gifts indicates that it may belong to Saka tribes.
Chapter 4. On 2 November 1948, his remains were re-buried in the Square of Fallen Heroes, on the Mamayev Kurgan. On 23 August 1956, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.Rubén Ruíz Ibárruri on euskomedia.org.
The Pomegranate 10, Autumn, pp:37-47 and Marler, J. The Beginnings of Patriarchy in Europe: Reflections on the Kurgan Theory of Marija Gimbutas. In The Rule of Mars: The History and Impact of Patriarchy. Edited by Cristina Biaggi. Manchester, Conn.
Matveev-Kurgan district is rich in monuments to soldiers who defended the (Soviet) Motherland. The Mius Front was there during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1943). Its significance is equal to the Battle of Stalingrad. The fighting continued day and night.
The Dalmatovkoye mine is a large open pit mine located in the southern part of Russia in Kurgan Oblast. Dalmatovkoye represents one of the largest uranium reserves in Russia having estimated reserves of 25.5 million tonnes of ore grading 0.04% uranium.
Kurgan stelae of a Scythian at Khortytsia, Ukraine Since the Scythians did not have a written language, their non-material culture can only be pieced together through writings by non-Scythian authors, parallels found among other Iranian peoples, and archaeological evidence.
By September, the fighting reached the city center. The fighting was of unprecedented intensity; the city's central railway station changed hands thirteen times, and the Mamayev Kurgan (one of the highest points of the city) was captured and recaptured eight times.
Notes: # FC Sibir Kurgan and FC Gornyak Kachkanar awarded 1 home win each. # FC KDS Samrau Ufa renamed to FC Estel. # FC Uralmash-d Yekaterinburg played their first professional season. # FC Trubnik Kamensk- Uralsky promoted from the Amateur Football League.
Irmen people buried their deceased by inhumation in kurgan cemeteries, with up to 17 predominantly oriented SW graves in a single kurgan, bodies in crouched position, except when inhumation was conducted after ground thawed or bodies were first exposed, and bone remains were mixed. Kurgans were encircled by sometimes rectangular trenches open at the entrance, deposits include vessels and animal bones of funeral feasts. Individual graves were framed with wooden logs, covered by logs laid across. Accompanying inventory furnished ceramic vessels with food, darts with bronze heads, knives, deceased wore bronze jewelry ornaments of earrings, pendants, bead necklaces.
Kurgan steleThis image of a kurgan stele has been taken in Kharkiv, but one may find similar statues at Khortytsia Island Archaeological finds show that about two or three thousand years ago Scythians lived around the modern city. Later, Khazars, Pechenegs, Kuman, Tatars and Slavs dwelt there. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed through the island of Khortytsia. These territories were called the "Wild Fields", because they were not under the control of any state (it was the land between the highly eroded borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Ottoman Empire).
All Saints' Church The Volgograd Synagogue (1911), Port-Said Street A memorial complex commemorating the battle of Stalingrad, dominated by an immense allegorical sculpture The Motherland Calls, was erected on the Mamayev Kurgan, the hill that saw some of the most intense fighting during the battle. The Panorama Museum sited on the Volga contains artifacts from World War II. These include a panoramic painting of the battlefield from the location of the monument on Mamayev Kurgan. A rifle of the famous sniper Vasily Zaytsev is also on display. The Musical Instrument Museum is a branch of the Volgograd regional Museum of local lore.
Their discussion of gene flow becomes the core of an argument for biology as central to history, and the backdrop for the book's two major hypotheses. The first seeks to resolve a longstanding debate in historical linguistics by making a case for the Kurgan hypothesis on the origins of the Indo-European language group. The Kurgan theory holds that Indo-European speakers came from lands between the Black and Caspian seas before spreading their language by conquest. The authors suggest that dairy farming and a complementary adaptation - the ability to digest lactose in adulthood - lie behind their conquests.
Yotvingian kurgan The area of Suwałki had been populated by local Yotvingian and Prussian tribes since the early Middle Ages. However, with the arrival of the Teutonic Order to Yotvingia, their lands were conquered and remained largely depopulated in the following centuries.
Currently, the zoo is located nearby "Kolya Pishchenko str" station of the bus routes 109 and 20, just a few stops away from the Black Sea branch of the MSU, the "Sevastopol" stadium, "Lukomorie" ecological park and the memorial complex "Malakhov Kurgan".
Ornella Semino et al. propose a postglacial (Holocene) spread of the R1a1 haplogroup from north of the Black Sea during the time of the Late Glacial Maximum, which was subsequently magnified by the expansion of the Kurgan culture into Europe and eastward.
Dalmatovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Dalmatovo.
Kataysky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Kataysk.
Kurtamyshsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Kurtamysh.
Makushinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Makushino.
Shchuchansky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shchuchye.
Shumikhinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shumikha.
The capital is the city of Qurghonteppa, formerly known as Kurgan-Tyube.Borjian, H., “Khatlon”, Encyclopaedia Iranica. Volume 16, Issue 4, 2018, pp. 437-439. Khatlon has an area of 24,700 square kilometres and consists of 21 districts and 4 district- level cities.
Marija Gimbutas (, ; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian- American archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe" and for her Kurgan hypothesis, which located the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Pontic Steppe.
Malakoff is a city in Henderson County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,324 at the 2010 census. The city is named after a Russian fort of Malakoff (Malakhov kurgan), which played a pivotal role during the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
Not far from Matveev Kurgan in Rostov region on the top of Volkov mountain (it is height 101) there is a huge sparkling Anchor. Its height is about 27 meters. It was built in 1973. It is a powerful construction covered with metal sheets.
Connor likes her, but tells her to leave him alone. Connor reunites with Immortal Sunda Kastagir, a friend who doesn't wish to fight. After they part ways, the Kurgan duels Kastagir, killing him. Brenda investigates "Nash" and finds evidence he has lived for centuries.
Glantz, Armageddon, pp. 254-55, 269 The 95th Rifle Division, supported by two battalions of the 1045th Regiment and massive air strikes by 8th Air Army, counterattacked Mamayev Kurgan on September 29 and retook the survey marker near the crest, although they were stopped short of the water tank at the very top. Apart from this, the rest of the division was deployed abreast from north to south, defending a strip of land from the south slope of the Kurgan to its left boundary with 13th Guards. This all came at a cost, and by the evening of October 1 the 284th was reduced to a strength of 3,496 men.
In 1925 the Omsk governorate was dissolved into the newly formed Siberian Krai and again reorganized, this time as an Oblast by order of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on . Parts of the Ob-Irtysh Oblast and the West Siberian Krai as well as the southern part of Chelyabinsk Oblast were given over to Omsk. In 1943, Kurgan Oblast created from the western portion of the Chelyabinsk Oblast also got a number of Omsk territories. In 1944, the northern part of the Omsk Oblast along with the districts previously transferred to Kurgan became newly established Tyumen Oblast that included Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs.
Also in 1963/4, Aeroflot was operating 761 service on a round trip routing of Karaganda – Tselinograd (now Nur-Sultan) – Kokchetav – Kustanai (now Kostanay) – Chelyabinsk – Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) with Lisunov Li-2 aircraft. Aeroflot served the airport during the mid 1964s with Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft flying a routing of Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) – Kurgan – Petropavlovsk (now Petropavl) – Kokchetav – Tselinograd – Karaganda – Alma-Ata. In 1961, Aeroflot had service to Moscow via stops at Petropavlovsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Kazan flying an Ilyushin Il-14 (with total flight time of about 15 hrs.). In the early 1980s, the airfield was one of the reserve landing sites for the reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system Buran.
The stanitsa is also home to the ancient Scythian kurgan or burial mound of the 7th century BC where a Scythian gold stag was found, next to the iron shield it decorated. It is one of the most famous pieces of Scythian art, and is now in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersberg.Honour and Fleming, 124 Apart from the principal male body with his accoutrements, the burial included thirteen humans with no adornment above him, and around the edges of the burial twenty-two horses were buried in pairs.Honour and Fleming, 123 The kurgan was excavated by the Russian archaeologist N. I. Veselovski in 1897.
Golden Man replica in the Central State Museum In the first millennium BC, the territory of present-day Kazakhstan in the Ili River area was occupied by the Saka tribes, whose works of art formed part of the wider tradition of Scythian art across the Eurasian steppe. Most artifacts found have come from kurgan burial mounds. The most famous Saka-era discovery was made in the Issyk kurgan in south-eastern Kazakhstan, near Almaty city, in 1969. Known as the "Golden Man", this wealthy Saka man or woman was costumed in armor, boots and hat decorated with many gold plates, so that the burial resembled a statue in precious metals.
All Soviet units in Fergana Oblast were subordinated to the latter, which in effect became an army-level command, on 25 April. In June 1920, the 2nd Turkestan Rifle Division of Red Communards was transferred to Fergana and merged with the 2nd Turkestan Rifle Division. From then until February 1921 the division fought against the Basmachi movement in Fergana, in the areas of Osh, Nookat, Matchа, Namangan, Uch-Kurgan, Kurgan-Tyube, Gorbua, and the Alay Valley. On 16 August, as a result of the Basmachi movement, the Turkestan Front formed the Military Soviet of Fergana Oblast from the Military Soviet of the 2nd Turkestan Division.
Typologically, the monuments are adjacent to similar kurgan burials in different areas of Tuva. D.G. Savinov theorizes that, at the end of the 8th or beginning of the 7th century BCE, the Aldy-Bel people were part of the Arzhan tribal union that formed the Aldy-Bel culture and was headed by a ruling dynasty. The Arzhan royal kurgan is located in the area south of the Uyuk ridge and is connected by passages with the main area of the Aldy-Bel culture. The proximity of the Aldy-Bel tribes probably accounted for close ethnic connections of the Arzhan people with the Aldy-Bel people.
These clades separated about 700 years ago. This separation appears to have occurred in the Kurgan province. Clade A subsequently underwent division into clade C, D and E 230 years ago. Clade C and E appear to have originated in the Novosibirsk and Omsk Provinces respectively.
David W. Anthony is an American anthropologist who is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Hartwick College. He specializes in Indo-European migrations, and is a proponent of the Kurgan hypothesis. Anthony is well known for his award winning book The Horse, the Wheel, and Language (2007).
Storefront for Art and Architecture. March 12 to April 16, 1994. she states: “A GPS receiver located, for the duration, on Storefront’s roof transmits uncorrected real- time position readings to a computer in the gallery.” Kurgan brought her show "You Are Here: Museu" to Barcelona in 1995.
1.Ok Oltyn Andizhan Region 2 1 1 0 4-1 3 \----------------------------------------------------- 2.Alay Osh 2 0 2 0 2-2 2 3.Pakhtakor Kurgan-Tyube 2 0 1 1 3-6 1 Cross-Table: 1 2 3 1.Ok Oltyn xxx 0-0 4-1 2.
Kurgan Oblast is located in Southern Russia and is part of the Urals Federal District. It shares borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast to the west, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the north-west, Tyumen Oblast to the north-east, and Kazakhstan (Kostanay and North Kazakhstan Region) to the south.
Soziochronologische Studien zum Jung- und Spätneolithikum im Mittelelbe-Saale-Gebiet (4100-2700 v. Chr.) (Vorgeschichtliche Forschungen Vol. 21). Rahden, Leidorf 2001. Marija Gimbutas and her followers argue that the Baalberg culture was an intrusive hybrid culture deriving ultimately from the Eurasian steppe, part of the Kurgan hypothesis.
Similar horse burials also appeared in the earlier Khvalynsk culture, and in the Poltavka culture. Catacomb burials are occasionally covered with Kurgan stelae. This practice was also common in the Yamnaya culture. Some three hundred stelae have been found from the Yamnaya culture and the Catacomb culture.
Genetic research has identified this region as the most probable place where horses were first domesticated. According to the most prevalent theory in Indo- European studies called the Kurgan hypothesis, the Pontic–Caspian steppe was the homeland of the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language.
Before the start of the coronavirus pandemic, Mishustin managed to visit four regions: Novgorod, Kurgan, Yaroslavl and Kostroma oblasts. In July 2020, after a decline in the active spread of the virus and the lifting of restrictions related to the pandemic, Mishustin resumed his trips, visiting Tatarstan.
Vilnian Marija Gimbutas was the first to formulate the Kurgan hypothesis. In 1963, Vytautas Straižys and his coworkers created Vilnius photometric system that is used in astronomy. Kavli Prize laureate Virginijus Šikšnys is known for his discoveries in CRISPR field – invention of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
Polovinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo of Polovinnoye.
Almenevsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Almenevo.
Belozersky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Belozerskoye.
Chastoozersky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chastoozerye.
Ketovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ketovo.
Mokrousovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mokrousovo.
Pritobolny District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Glyadyanskoye.
Safakulevsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Safakulevo.
Shatrovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shatrovo.
Tselinny District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Tselinnoye.
Zverinogolovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zverinogolovskoye.
Symbol of Matveev Kurgan district March 1942. The Soviet Army attacks fascists in order to liberate Taganrog. In this operation the navy brigade of the 3-th infantry army corps took part. "101 height" (the mountain Volkov)was the key point of resistance, German tank division "Viking".
Tasbolat Mardenovich Mukhametkaliev (December 29, 1937, the Kirovskoye District Center of the Taldy-Kurgan Region of the Kazakh SSR – November 26, 2019, Almaty, Kazakhstan) was a Kazakh scientist, teacher, long-term author, and organizer of national higher education. He was also a Professor and Doctor of Chemistry.
François, Baron Narmon (26 January 1934 - 14 March 2013) was a Belgian businessman and president of Dexia Group and the Belgian Olympic Committee.Véronique POUILLARD, (1999), "François Narmon" in Cent grands patrons du vingtième siècle en Belgique,E. Buyst- G.- Kurgan-van Hentenryk éd., Bruxelles, A. Renier, pp. 164–165.
Kurgan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Influenced by the Siberian High, it is a relatively dry climate. Winters are cold, although not severe by Siberian standards. Summers are variable but relatively moderate, even though heat waves can bring temperatures well above the average July highs.
The eighteenth century saw the colonization of Russia's southern territories. Runaway serfs who were attracted by the favorable climate and proximity to seas and rivers migrated to Matveyev Kurgan. Matvey was one of those settlers. He was known as "Terrible", because he was a terror to all passing carts.
"Old Europe c.7000-3500 BC., the earliest European cultures before the infiltration of the Indo-European peoples". Journal of Indo-European Studies, 1, 1973, pp. 1-20. PCT reassigns the Kurgan culture (traditionally considered early Indo- European) to a people of predominantly mixed Uralic and Turkic stock.
Bashkirs in Russia by administrative districts (raions) in 2010 Speakers of Bashkir mostly live in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan. Many speakers also live in Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Oblasts and other regions of Russia. Minor Bashkir groups also live in Kazakhstan and other countries.
The use of ochre in the burial was practiced, as with the kurgan cultures. For this and other reasons, Yuri Rassamakin suggests that the Sredny Stog culture should be considered as an areal term, with at least four distinct cultural elements co- existing inside the same geographical area.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis. The magenta area corresponds to the assumed Urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture). The red area corresponds to the area which may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples up to ca.
Map of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan model. The magenta area corresponds to the assumed urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture). The red area corresponds to the area that may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples up to c.
The tradition of kurgan stelae featuring warriors with a belt is also common in the Scythian cultures. According to military historian Michael P. Speidel, the scene 36 of Trajan Column, which shows bare-chested, bare-footed young men wearing only a shield, could be a depiction of Germanic Berserkers.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis. The purple area corresponds to the assumed Urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture). The red area corresponds to the area which may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples up to c.
Kargapolsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kargapolye.
Lebyazhyevsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Lebyazhye.
Mishkinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mishkino.
Yurgamyshsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Yurgamysh.
Kurgan () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novokulundinsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 90 as of 2013.Численность населения по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2011, 2012, 2013 гг. (в том числе по населённым пунктам) по данным текущего учёта It was founded in 1912.
Kurgan obelisks are of sandstone, limestone, granite, etc. Their height is from 3.5 m to 0.7 m, but more often 1.5–2 m. Some of them are simple stone columns, with a rough image of a human face, on others the head (with the narrowed neck) is clearly depicted; in most cases not only the head is depicted, but also body, arms, and frequently both legs, and headdress, and dress. On more crude statues is impossible to discern sex, but mostly it is expressed clearly: men are with moustaches (sometimes with beard, one bearded kurgan obelisk is in the courtyard of the Historical Museum in Moscow), in a costume with metal breastplates and belts, sometimes with a sword, etc.
MAZ-537 tractor at the 2008 Moscow Victory Day Parade MAZ-537 tractor KZKT-7428 The wheeled recovery vehicle KET-T on KZKT-74281-012-chassis The wheeled recovery vehicle KET-T on KZKT-74281-012-chassis The plant was founded on April 1, 1950 in Kurgan based on existing since 1941 enterprise UralselmashOn April 1, 1950 based on the eastern site of the "Uralselmash" plant an independent enterprise "Kurganselmash" was founded, which inherited the whole production history, starting with the Turbine plant of the early twentieth century. The "Uralselmash" plant still had the western site in its structure. Subsequently, the company was reorganized as Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant (KZKT). and manufactured balers, harrows, silage choppers, threshers, etc.
Blagonravov left the academy in 1974, taking up the position of chief designer at Kurganmashzavod, a state enterprise that designed and produced infantry fighting vehicles. Under his leadership the designs of the BMP-2 and BMP-3 were brought to fruition, entering service with the Soviet Armed Forces. Stepping down as chief designer in 1989, Blagonravov continued to live and work in Kurgan, teaching at Kurgan State University and producing a number of academic works. Over his career he had received awards from both the Soviet and Russian governments, including the Order of Honour, the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Medal "For Battle Merit".
Krasin was born in Kurgan, Tobolsk Governorate in Siberia. His father, Boris Ivanovich Krasin, was the local chief of police. The young Leonid was a star pupil at school, and met the American explorer George Kennan when he visited Siberia. Krasin joined the Social Democratic Labor Party during the 1890s.
J. Hellinger. Die Behandlung von Pseudarthrosen langer Röhrenknochen mit simultaner Beinverlängerung. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 98 (1973), p. 1272-1276. In 1980 during the Cold War era, Carlo Mauri, an Italian mountaineer, explorer and photojournalist, on the urgings of his Russian colleague Yuri Senkevich, travelled to Kurgan, in the Soviet Union.
Decades later Heather dies of old age. Connor leaves Scotland to wander the Earth, now adopting Ramírez's sword as his own. In 1985, the Gathering takes place and the last two immortals are Connor and the Kurgan. The Highlander wins, earning the Prize and finally avenging Ramírez's death centuries before.
A leather pouch containing cannabis seed was attached to one pole of the tent. Coriander seeds have also been discovered in this Kurgan. Likely a mixture of cannabis seeds and coriander seeds was vaporized on the hot rocks to create a thick fragrant if not psychoactive smoke for ritual bathing.Clarke 1993.
"Kerch" Analogous representations have been discovered as far apart as the Volci of Etruria and the fifth kurgan of Pazyryk.Сheremisin, D. V. & Zaporozhchenko, A. V. "The "Sacred Centres" of Eurasia and the Legend about the Arimaspi and the Griffins". // Итоги изучения скифской эпохи Алтая и сопредельных территорий . Barnaul, 1999:228-231.
Matveyevo-Kurgansky District () is an administrativeLaw #340-ZS and municipalLaw #222-ZS district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Matveyev Kurgan.
Vargashinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central and northern parts of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Vargashi.
The division was formed in the Kuban near Labinsk, Kurgan and Mikhailovka from February to 20 May 1942. During the second half of May the division left the Kuban. At the end of the month at Frolovo, the division received missing weapons and vehicles. It continued training at a faster pace.
The Gimbutas-Mallory Kurgan hypothesis seeks to identify the source of the Indo-European language expansion as a succession of migrations from the Pontic–Caspian steppe, originating in the area encompassed by the Sredny Stog culture (c. 4500 BC).Mallory 1989, p.185 J. P. Mallory, dating the migrations later, to c.
It is found within Africa, in Algeria. Within temperate Asia, it is found in the Western Asia regions of Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey. In the Caucasus regions, it is in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ciscaucasia and Dagestan. and in the Russian, Siberian regions of Altay, Chelyabinsk, Gorno-Altay, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk.
Exhibition - Laura Kurgan - You Are Here . MACBA. November 30, 1995 - February 25, 1996. It was just a matter of time before other artists would adapt this concept to create GPS-themed art, by using various modes of travel to follow the pre-planned or unintentional path of a GPS receiver.The Existentialism of GPS .
The Iset () in Western Siberia (Russia) flows from the Urals through the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Tyumen Oblasts into the Tobol. The city of Yekaterinburg stands on the upper reaches of the river. The Iset is long, and has a drainage basin of . The Techa and the Miass are tributaries of the Iset.
After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War in 1941 the school was evacuated to Kyzylorda in Kazakhstan.Илизаров Гавриил Абрамович . Лица Зауралья (in Russian) After finishing school in 1944, Ilizarov was sent to a rural hospital in Dolgovka, a village in Kurgan Oblast in Siberia, 2000 km east of Moscow.В. С. Смирнов.
Map of the Republic of Kalmykia. Golden Temple in Elista. According to the Kurgan hypothesis, the upland regions of modern-day Kalmykia formed part of the cradle of Indo-European culture. Hundreds of Kurgans can be seen in these areas, known as the Indo-European Urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture, Yamna culture).
Noskov, Ryzhov and Tallent at 50 km walk race in Moscow Ivan Sergeyevich Noskov (Russian: Иван Сергеевич Носков; born 16 July 1988 in Novopetropavlovskoe, Dalmatovsky District, Kurgan Oblast) is a Russian race walker. He won the bronze medal in the 50 kilometres walk event at the 2014 European Athletics Championships in Zürich, Switzerland.
The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in 1987, proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. It is the main competitor to the Kurgan hypothesis, or steppe theory, the more favoured view academically.
The hill changed hands several times. By 27 September, the Germans again captured half of Mamayev Kurgan. The Soviets held their own positions on the slopes of the hill, as the 284th Rifle Division defended the key stronghold. The defenders held out until 26 January 1943, when the counterattacking Soviet forces relieved them.
The single graves inside the circles are probably those of human sacrifices meant to propitiate the gods and assure their support for the deliberations. A stone kurgan cemetery was found in Węsiory, Kartuzy County; another burial site with 10 large stone circles was discovered in Odry, Chojnice County, both dated 2nd century CE.
According to some sources, Orkhon script is derived from variants of the Aramaic alphabet, in particular via the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets of Persia,Turks, A. Samoylovitch, First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936, Vol. VI, (Brill, 1993), 911. or possibly via Kharosthi used to write Sanskrit (cf. the inscription at Issyk kurgan).
An individual grave was found in 1929 at Krivoluchie with grave goods and the remains placed on ochre, face up, knees contracted. A 67 m high earthen kurgan at Nalchik, approximately thirty metres in diameter, contained 121 individual graves of remains placed face up, knees contracted, on ochre with a covering of stone.
The Uy (, ) is a river in Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russia with its upper reaches in Bashkortostan. It partially flows along the borders of Chelyabinsk and Kurgan Oblasts with Kazakhstan. The Uy is a left tributary of the Tobol.Уй (река в Челябинской обл.), Great Soviet Encyclopedia The length of the river is 462 km.
Shadrinsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shadrinsk (which is not administratively a part of the district).
The area measures 75 km (north-south), 50 km (west-east); total area is 2,800 km2 (about 0.003% of Tyumen Oblast). The district is bordered on the north by Golyshmanovsky District, on the east by Kazansky District, on the south by Mokrousovsky District of Kurgan Oblast, and on the west by Armizonsky District.
24-27 November 1981 participated in the 5th Congress of Artists (Moscow, Grand Kremlin Palace). In 1982 he was elected to the Kurgan City Council. From 1983 to 1990, member of the Board of the USSR Union of Artists. From 1984 to 1999, Secretary of the Board of the Russian Union of Artists.
The kurgans contain mixed types of graves, with logs, stone boxes and dugouts. Burials are mostly solitary. The buried are laid in a crouched position, predominantly on the left side. The main burial is orientated with its head to the west, the others may somewhat deviate depending on their location in the kurgan.
But, in addition, there also appears...a > considerable series of daggers, along with axes, awls and rings, including > rings made from silver which is a metal we would attribute to the Proto- > Indo-Europeans. The Usatovo culture (which existed from 3500 to 3000 BC) thus provides very substantial evidence to support Gimbutas' and Mallory's claim of a gradual transformation from Cucuteni-Trypillia to different Kurgan cultures, such as Yamna or Usatovo. These Kurgan tribes and others, like the German tribes invading Roman territory much later, were - as Mallory points out - different in some aspects and dimensions of their basic cultural gestalts. The Kurgan tribes - as Gimbutas had empirically shown, see above - shared basic cultural features, such as horseriding, authoritarian philosophy, hierarchical, paternalistic social structure including patrilinearity , elite architectural structures, women and children with lower status, a religion around a sun-god instead of understanding nature as a basic fundamental gestalt, warfare, especially from horse, which necessitated the same set of weapons adapted over time in order to keep being ahead in military effectiveness relative to their opponents: spear, axe, long knife, bow and arrows.
Thus, the residents of Matveev Kurgan immortalized a feat of the Hero of the Soviet Union, lieutenant Alexander Matveevich Eroshin (he began his glorious military career as the commander of the tank T-34), the tank commander of the 37th Guards Tank Regiment, he was the first who at high speed broke into the night of February 17, 1943 on a tank in the village and started the battle for its liberation. Guard - Lieutenant Eroshin A.M. didn’t allow the enemy to blow up the railway bridge over the Oktyabrskaya street .The crew of the tank destroyed more than a company of the enemy in this battle. In 1968 Eroshin A.M. was given the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Settlement of Matveev Kurgan".
In that case it would have been an Indo-European-speaking culture. Some aspects of Baalberge burials might support this theory, such as the presence of pottery allegedly influenced by the Baden culture (an Indo- Europeanised culture according to Gimbutas) and the Bodrogkersztúr culture and the posture of the corpses, laid on their right hand side with their legs pulled up - a posture typical of the "Yamna culture." But other aspects of the burials are very different from burials in the east, such as the placement of the hands over the mouth in an eating gesture (which is unknown in authentic kurgan sites) and the much less marked use of red ochre. In particular, there are no signs of the steppe kurgans that characterise the Kurgan culture.
The battle at the Mamaev Kurgan began approximately three weeks after the brutal fighting between the German and Russian infantrymen had begun in the outskirts of Stalingrad, on 15 September. During this portion of the battle, the division fought several Wehrmacht divisions for control of the park's central hilltop summit, which changed hands multiple times. Meanwhile, other divisional units fought in different sectors of Stalingrad. The division was in the midst of the combat throughout the city in the remains of the bombed- out buildings and factories, on the slopes of the Mamaev Kurgan hills, in the Red October Tractor Plant and in the key strategic building known as "Pavlov's House" (Yakov Pavlov was the commanding NCO of the platoon which defended the building).
The administrative center is the town of Isetskoye, which is in the middle of the district at the intersection of a north-south highway ("Tyumen-Kurgan") and a west-east highway ("Yekaterinburg-Shadrinsk-Isetskoye-Yalutorovsk"). Isetsky District is 40 km south of the city of Tyumen, 260 km east of the city of Yekaterinburg, and 1,650 km east of Moscow. The area measures 60 km (north- south), 60 km (west-east); total area is 2751 km2 (about 0.003% of Tyumen Oblast). The district is bordered on the north by Tyumensky District and Yalutorovsky District, on the east by Uporovsky District, on the south and west by Shatrovsky District of Kurgan Oblast, and on the northwest by Tugulymsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast.
The battle lasted for 3 days. This monument is the remarkable sight and symbol of Matveev Kurgan district, it is very popular and loved by citizens who always honor those who gave their lives for our freedom. In the early 2000s at the foot of Volkova mountain students of Matveev Kurgan school №3 members of the club «Patriot» installed two stones, symbolizing «The Field of Grief» with the inscription: «Before the height memory overgrown In The Field of Grief, friend, stop Think about the current and past On the peers distant look around». This is a place where the reconstructions of battle The Great Patriotic War are carried out. So, in 2005 reconstruction of «And tomorrow will be war» was carried out.
The 19th century Hungarian turkologist and traveller Vámbéry says, without mentioning the source, that Jand was connected to a channel. It seems to have been one of the main Turkish settlements of the region east of the Caspian Sea together with Yengikent, Sawran or Sabran and others. Mahmud Kashghari expressly stated it was a town of the Oghuz, al-Muqaddasi also associates it with Otrar and says that it was "24 farsakhs further up the Syr Darya". On the basis of all of this information, the most reasonable localization appears to be the area around Babai Kurgan, and finally, Sunak Kurgan, a few kilometers northeast of Tyumen Arik along the Orenburg-Tashkent railway, was identified as the ruins of Sighnaq.
German counterattacks over the next 24 hours drove the division back, with the loss of 200 killed and 20 prisoners. In the end the German line was mostly restored, but the 24th Division clung to Hill 124.5 (Chernyi Kurgan), which remained a thorn in the side of the 44th Infantry during the coming weeks.
Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro () is a museum, established in Dnipro (Ukraine) in 1848 by Andriy Fabr, local governor. Its permanent collection consists of 283 thousand objects from ancient Paleolithic implements to display units of World War II. Among its notable objects: Kurgan stelae, Kernosivkian idol and vast collection of cossack's antiquities.
Born in Shadrinsk, Kurgan oblast. Father worked as the chief technologist of the food industry, engaged in foreign trade deliveries, mother worked as an accountant-economist. A few years later, the family moved to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). He studied at the city school, then in the mining and metallurgical technical school, specializing in mineral processing.
Each dwelling held up to five people, with less than 100 people per settlement. They performed cremation burial in kurgan burial mounds and in flat-grave cemeteries with cremations in urns. The culture is characterized by the specific shapes of modeled unadorned vessels, which represent the first stage in the development of Slavic pottery.
She was born in the city of Nizhyn. Three months later, her family moved to the closed city of Chelyabinsk-40, and then to the Tula region. She graduated from the School of Music in Kurgan and was writing music for theater since 1981. In 1987 she graduated from the Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire.
"Water resources of Kazakhstan in the new millennium," Water Resources Committee of RK, 2002 Tributaries of the Ilek include the Bolshaya Khobda and the Qarghaly. It is also of archeological significance since it has been discovered as the site of certain Kurgan (Indo- European) burials. . There are catfish, carp, perch, pike, etc. in the Ilek.
Blagonravov served as Kurganmashzavod's chief designer until 1989, and in retirement continued to participate in academic work and engineering studies. He eventually authored some 140 printed works and four monographs. After 1989 he spent ten years as Head of the Department of Tracked Vehicles at Kurgan State University. He was a Doctor of Technical Sciences.
The explosion of the kurgan culture out of its western steppe homeland must be associated with an expansion of population. The causes of this success and expansion remain obscure. We do know that metal was available both in the Caucasus and in the southern Urals. The Khvalynsk graves included metal rings and spiral metal rings.
The Chernogorivka and Novocherkassk cultures (c. 900 to 650 BC) are Iron Age steppe cultures in Ukraine and Russia, centered between the Prut and the lower Don. They are pre-Scythian cultures, associated with the Cimmerians. In 1971 the Vysokaja Mogila kurgan (graves number 2 and 5) was excavated in the Lower Dnieper River basin.
The Abashevo culture is primarily represented by various kurgan cemeteries. Kurgans were surrounded by a circular ditch, and the grave pit had ledges at its edges. The body was either contracted on the side, or supine with raised knees, with legs flexed. Its funerary customs appear to have been derived from the Poltavka culture.
The people of Begash buried their dead first in cist and later in kurgan burials. So far, the earliest direct evidence for domesticated grains in Central Asia can be found at Begash, with the earliest evidence for the presence of both domesticated free- threshing wheat (from West Asia) and broomcorn millet (from East Asia).
On Heather's birthday, Connor lights a candle for her in a Roman Catholic Church, as he has done every year. The Kurgan arrives and confirms he and the Highlander are now the last remaining Immortals. He also reveals he raped Heather after killing Ramírez. Disgusted, but prohibited from fighting on holy ground, Connor leaves.
His alias is Richard Tupin and his weapon is a custom broadsword. Ramírez is a Spaniard born in 1100, instead of an ancient Egyptian born more than two thousand years earlier. The Kurgan is known as the Knight, using the alias Carl William Smith. He is not a savage, but a cold-blooded killer.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis. The proposed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. From the 1960s, knowledge of Anatolian became certain enough to establish its relationship to PIE.
Soyuqbulaq (also, Soyuq Bulaq) is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. It forms part of the municipality of Köçvəlili. In 2006, a French–Azerbaijani team discovered nine kurgans at the cemetery of Soyuqbulaq. They were dated to the beginning of the fourth millennium BC, which makes it the oldest kurgan cemetery in Transcaucasia.
KAvZ-4238 KAvZ-4235 Old KAVZ buses KAvZ (, Kurgansky Avtobusny Zavod) is a bus manufacturer in Kurgan, KGN, Russia. The factory started producing buses in 1958, based on trucks from GAZ. During the 1990s, it assembled Ikarus buses for the Russian market. Now a subsidiary of GAZ, it specialises in producing small buses, in particular school buses.
Thousands of (pre-Polan) kurgans, found by archaeologists in the Polan region, indicate that that land had a relatively high population density. They lived in small families in semi dug-outs ("earth-houses") and wore homespun clothes and modest jewellery. Before converting to Christianity, the inhabitants used to burn their dead and erect kurgan-like embankments over them.
Scholars regard the middle Volga, which was the location of the Samara culture (late 6th and early 5th millennium BCE), and the Yamna culture, to be the "Urheimat" of the Indo-Europeans, as described by the Kurgan hypothesis. From this "Urheimat", Indo-European languages spread throughout the Eurasian steppes between ca. 4,500 and 2,500 BCE, forming the Yamna culture.
Artists usually run or cycle the route—while cars, vans, boats and aeroplanes are utilized to create larger pieces. Laura Kurgan first introduced the concept of recording GPS locations over time, as displayed on a computer screen. In the accompanying text to her 1994 art exhibit "You Are Here: Information Drift",You Are Here: Information Drift .
Sergey Fyodorovich Lisovsky (; born 25 April 1960, Moscow) is a Russian politician, a member of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation since 2004, a representative of the Kurgan Regional Duma.Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации TV host channel RBC TV. In the past - the entrepreneur. Candidate of Philology (2000).Совет Федерации ФС РФ (официальный сайт).
It draws inspiration from the Highlander, the franchise about Immortals battling each other throughout history. The comic book centers around Connor MacLeod's search for the sword of his mentor Juan Sanchez Villa-Lobos Ramirez, after losing it in the ocean to The Kurgan by accident. He eventually retrieves the sword just before the events of the first Highlander film.
The Russian route R254 is a federal highway in Russia and Kazakhstan and is part of the Baikal Highway (which is part of the Trans-Siberian Highway).M51 It runs from Chelyabinsk through Kurgan, Petropavl, and Omsk until Novosibirsk, with a total length of 1528 km. The Chelyabinsk-Omsk stretch is also included into the European route E30.
This separation appears to have occurred in the Kurgan province. Clade A subsequently underwent division into clade C, D and E 230 years ago. Clade C and E appear to have originated in the Novosibirsk and Omsk Provinces respectively. The muskrat Ondatra zibethicus which is highly susceptible to this virus was introduced into this area in the 1930s.
Valery Vasiliev. Ancient European Hydronymy in Priilmenye // Bulletin of Novgorod State University. 2002. No. 21 The time of Slavic settlement dates, as a rule, according to the type of kurgan groups and individual mounds located in this territory. Pskov long mounds are traditionally associated with Krivichi, and mounds in the shape of a hill with Slovenes.
The Kichi-Kemin River then turns west and passes near the villages of Kichi-Kemin, Boroldoy, and Beysheke. It flows parallel to the Chu River at a distance of and crosses the Kyrgyzstan–Kazakhstan border. In Kazakhstan, it passes near the villages Karasay batyr and Enbek gradually approaching the Chu River, and flowing into it near Chim-Kurgan.
The novelization of the film by Garry Kilworth expands on the Kurgan's early life. His first death occurred in 970 BC when his drunken father crushed his head with a rock. Upon returning to life, the Kurgan forced his father to swallow a searing hot stone, killing him.Garry Kilworth, Highlander film novelization (1986), pp. 290-92.
He then went off to join a group of bandits that raided caravans. He eventually encountered another Immortal, "The Bedouin," who revealed to him his true nature, and who became the only person who could be labeled as his friend. During the intervening centuries, the Kurgan took an incalculable number of Immortal heads.Highlander film novelization (1986), p. 293.
On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses. By the following day, almost all of them had died. The Soviets kept reinforcing their units in the city as fast as they could. The Germans assaulted up to twelve times a day, and the Soviets would respond with fierce counter-attacks.
Kurgan model of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BC. Magenta: origin; red: up to 2500 BC; orange: by 1000 BC Yamnaya culture spread westwards around 3300–2600 BC, documented by archaeology and genomics, bringing Indo-European languages with it. Yamnaya Corded ware culture, including this pot, corresponds to a stage in the westward migration.
Vladimir Biryukov was born in the Pershinskoye village, Perm Governorate (now Dalmatovsky District, Kurgan Oblast) in the family of the secretary-accountant. He studied at the Perm Theological Seminary, but eventually decided against becoming a priest. He graduated from the Kazan Veterinary Institute in 1912 and then from the Moscow Archaeological Institute in 1915. He became an archaeologist.
Loskov attended Torpedo Football School in Kurgan in 1983. He moved to Rostov-on-Don football school in 1990 and signed for Rostselmash in 1991. He became a notable midfielder, and Lokomotiv Moscow have shown interest in him, signing a preliminary contract in early 1996. However, Loskov decided to spend one more year with the Rostov club.
Tamara was born in Kurgan (Republic of Uzbekistan) on September 19, 1943. She started studying chess at 12 under A. Shagalovich (Minsk). Although she graduated from Belarusian Polytechnic Institute in 1965, she left the engineering career for chess. Since 1970 she has been the Chief Chess Coach of Minsk Children's Sports School of Olympic Reserve N 11.
In 2001, formed of "National Cable Networks." The first step was the acquisition of companies "Infokos +" and "Eltelekor" in the Moscow region and "NovAKTV" in Novosibirsk, the company subsequently entered the markets of Kurgan and Yekaterinburg.About the company In 2005, JSC "NCC" has completed the acquisition of 98% shares of JSC "St. Petersburg broadcaster Cable TV" (BD).
Khvalinsk evidences the further development of the kurgan. It began in the Samara with individual graves or small groups sometimes under stone. In the Khvalinsk culture one finds group graves, which can only be communal on some basis, whether familial or local or both is not clear. With the advent of DNA testing, perhaps someday it will be.
Boralday (, Boraldaı) is a town located some 5 kilometres to the north of Almaty in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan. The airport Boraldai Airport is located in the southeast part of the town. It is connected by road to Chemolgan. An Iron Age kurgan necropolis, also called Boralday, is located on the outskirts of the village.
Küchelbecker was sentenced to corporal punishment which was commuted to imprisonment in Sveaborg, Kexholm, and other fortresses for ten years. After that he was exiled to Kurgan. He died blind in Tobolsk from tuberculosis. His most famous biography, Kyukhlya, was written by Yury Tynyanov; its publication in 1925 marked a resurgence of interest in Küchelbecker and his art.
Petukhovsky District () is an administrativeLaw #316 and municipalLaw #419 district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Petukhovo. Population: 24,253 (2002 Census); The population of Petukhovo accounts for 55.1% of the district's total population.
The area measures 72 km (north- south), 76 km (west-east); total area is 3,109 km2 (about 0.003% of Tyumen Oblast). The district is bordered on the north by Omutinsky District and Golyshmanovsky District, on the east by Berdyuzhsky District, on the south by Mokrousovsky District of Kurgan Oblast, and on the west by Zavodoukovsky District and Uporovsky.
Uvarov's activities as a field archaeologist began with visits to Rostov, Vladimir, Chernigov and other centres of Kievan Rus. Starting in 1854, he excavated the Meryan-Norse settlement at Sarskoe Gorodishche. He summarized his findings in The Meryans and Their Lifestyle as Shown by Kurgan Excavations. Subsequent expeditions took him to Pontic Olbia, Tauric Chersonesus, and Scythian Neapolis.
In 1953-1955 he studied grades 9-10 at the village school of Isetskoye of Tyumen Region. In 1955 he worked as an artist in the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant, Kurganmashzavod. In 1956 he commenced studies in the Sverdlovsk Art College. In 1957-1959 he served in the Soviet Army within the border troops of Primorye Territory Far East.
The CIS formed the Collective Peacekeeping Force in Tajikistan, and the 201st formed its core. The 201st Motor Rifle Division, with the support of loyal Tajik forces, attacked Dushanbe. Russian and Tajik force entered and seized control of the city in December 1992. After the capital was recaptured, offensives were launched in Kofarnikhon and Kurgan-Tyube.
The funerary complex around Chir-Yurt belongs to three ethnic groups that inhabited the city: Alans ( catacomb burials ), Bulgarians( pit burials ), Khazars (kurkan catacombs). In the kurgan section of the cemetery where the Khazars rested, scientists discovered two small churches of the 8th century, which is a clear indication of the Christianization of the ruling elite of the Kaganate before its Judaization at the turn of the 8th — 9th centuries. On the Middle Volga in the steppe valleys of the Samara Luka in the beginning of the 21st century, several burial grounds with sub-burial burials of the turn of the 7th — 8th centuries were investigated, which are similar to the kurgan burials of the Lower Volga and the Don. For example, in one rich burial were found overlays from onions of “Khazar type”.
The road was built in the period 1892-1896 at the expense of the Treasury. Main line: Chelyabinsk — Kurgan (1893), Kurgan — Omsk (1894), Omsk — Ob River (1895). Took place on the territory of Orenburg, Tobolsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk provinces of Akmolinsk region. The road to 1899 – 1408 km The road was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Railways of Russia, the railway administration was in Chelyabinsk. January 1, 1900, together with the Central Siberian railway became part of the Siberian railway. In 1913 included with Siberian railway dedicated Omsk railway. In 1915, during the liquidation of the Siberian railway was formed Tomsk Railway. In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Railways of USSR №424 March 3, 1934 part of Tomsk Railway passed to the composition formed in the East Siberian Railway.
There is a debate among scholars regarding how the end of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture took place. According to some proponents of the Kurgan hypothesis of the origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans, and in particular the archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, in her book "Notes on the chronology and expansion of the Pit-Grave Culture" (1961, later expanded by her and others), the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture was destroyed by force. Arguing from archaeological and linguistic evidence, Gimbutas concluded that the people of the Kurgan culture (a term grouping the Yamnaya culture and its predecessors) of the Pontic–Caspian steppe, being most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, effectively destroyed the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture in a series of invasions undertaken during their expansion to the west. Based on this archaeological evidence Gimbutas saw distinct cultural differences between the patriarchal, warlike Kurgan culture and the more peaceful egalitarian Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, which she argued was a significant component of the "Old European cultures" which finally met extinction in a process visible in the progressing appearance of fortified settlements, hillforts and the graves of warrior-chieftains, as well as in the religious transformation from the matriarchy to patriarchy, in a correlated east–west movement.
Kurgan and these soldiers would confront Connor MacLeod and a group of other fellow Immortals in 1964, with Kurgan himself gravely (yet temporarily) wounded during the battle, allowing Connor and the others to escape with their lives.Brandon Jerwa and Michael Avon Oeming, Highlander comic book series, "The Coldest War," (2006-07), Issue #2, pp. 7-14, 19-23; Issue #3, pp. 1-5, 8-17, 21-26; Issue #4, pp. 1-5, 10-13, 15, 19-23, 26. The events surrounding Connor MacLeod and Kurgan's encounter in East Germany in January 1964 are shown in this series. These devoted followers of Kurgan would continue to remain active for decades, even following his death in New York City in 1985, seeking to destroy MacLeod for his actions in the first Highlander film. Kurgan's influence would continue to be felt in the world for some time to come - Connor MacLeod received a "Dark Quickening" from his enemy, resulting in the deaths of several innocent Immortals at Connor's hands in early 1987, until Duncan MacLeod aided in purging Kurgan's last influences from his cousin's tortured psyche.Brandon Jerwa, Highlander comic book series, Issue #6, pp. 1-10, 12-19, 21-25; Issue #7, p. 1-6, 19-25; Issue #8, pp. 1-6, 9, 21-26; Issue #9, pp.
The first written record of the village dates from 1555. However, several burial places of the Carpathian Kurgan culture (4th–5th centuries) and a Kievan Rus' mound have been found in the village territory. The village preserves the wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Blessed St. Nicholas that was built in 1863.Список дерев'яних церков Івано-Франківської області/ Галицький район/ с.
The Kipchaks of both written sources and archeological evidence combined pastoral cattle breeding with some elements of sedentary life. The "Desht-i-Kipchak" or Kiptchak steppes were well organized for prosperous nomadic cattle breeding. The steppe was subdivided into locations with certain pasture routes, yaylak summer settlements and kishlak winter settlements. Near permanent yaylak and kishlak settlements were kurgan cemeteries.
They are also distinguished by rich grave goods of flint, copper and stone weapons, and copper bracelets. It has been suggested that this is a reflection of an aristocratic element of the Sredny Stog culture, rather than a separate cultural group. In the Kurgan hypothesis, the Novodanilovka group is often presented as the archetypical warlike patriarchal society of the early Indo- Europeans.
Mother - Gafafa Bin Ibragim Bin Zhagfar (? —1871), teacher for about 40 years, and mother’s father Ibragim came from the Bashkirs of the Almenevo, Kurgan Oblast village, in the Tara city served as Mullah. He studied since the age of seven, received his primary education from a teacher Zeinalbashir, and at the age of 10 he studied in the madrasa of the Almenevo village.
Georgi Shangin (born February 21, 1989) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Shangin played one game in the Kontinental Hockey League for Spartak Moscow during the 2011–12 season.Profile at KHL.ru He also played in Vysshaya Liga for CSK VVS Samara and the Supreme Hockey League for Dynamo Tver, Sokol Krasnoyarsk, Zauralie Kurgan, HC Sarov and Ariada Volzhsk.
Maria Ivanovna Lagunova was born on 4 July 1921, in the village of Okonechnikovo (Ushakovsky selsoviet), Nikitinskaya Volost, in the Kamensky District of Yekaterinburg Governorate (now the Kataisk District of the Kurgan Region). Lagunova's mother passed away when she was only four. Due to this misfortune, she became responsible for herself at an early age. The family had five children.
Indo- European migrations c. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis. Magenta indicates the assumed Urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture), red the area which may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples up to c. 2500 BC, and orange the area to 1000 BC.Christopher I. Beckwith (2009), Empires of the Silk Road, Oxford University Press, p.
Sergei Nagovitsyn called Arcady Severny, Vladimir Vysotsky, Alexander Rosenbaum, and Alexander Novikov to be his favorite musicians. Sergey Nagovitsyn never was in jail and had no criminal record. On the night of 20 to 21 December 1999, on the way to Kurgan City for a concert, Sergei Nagovitsyn died suddenly of a brain hemorrhage. On 22 December Sergei was buried in Perm.
Train station in Chelyabinsk The Yuzhno–Uralskaya Railway (Южно-Уральская железная дорога; "South Ural Railway") is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Chelyabinsk. It operates the railways in the Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Sverdlovsk regions as well as the Republic of Bashkortostan. Their total length is 4,935 km. Several stretches of the railway cross the territory of what is now Kazakhstan.
Student of the Faculty of Philology, sportsman. He enjoys playing the guitar, he writes songs, which successfully performs, he was involved in karate before and got a black belt, but because of the head injury, he had to leave the sport. Very good in chess game. He was born in Agapovka, but a lot of time he spend in Kurgan.
Animated map of Indo-European migrations in accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis. Along with that of Marija Gimbutas, Dumézil research formed a basis for modern Indo-European studies. Dumézil died in Paris from a massive stroke on 11 October 1986. He had deliberately refrained from writing a memoir, believing that the legacy of his work should stand on its scholarly merits alone.
There is also the so–called Kurgan hypothesis, based on which various assumptions about the ways of settling this territory are possible. Archaeological research in Staraya LadogaTatyana Jackson. Aldeiguborg: Archeology and Toponymy and Rurik Gorodishche show the presence among the inhabitants of these first large settlements, including the Scandinavians, traditionally referred to in the Old Russian (medieval) literary sources as Varangians.
Nizhny Novgorod, Minin and Pozharsky Square. Rally against the official results of the Russian legislative election 2011. Like in Moscow, protests were planned to take place in St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Kaliningrad, as well as 88 other towns and cities in Russia. Smaller protests were reported in Tomsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Perm, Karelia, Khabarovsk, Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod.
The Bashkirs (; , ; , ) are a Turkic ethnic group, indigenous to Bashkortostan and the historical region of Badzhgard. This area extends both sides of the Ural Mountains where Eastern Europe meets North Asia. Smaller communities of Bashkirs also live in the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan Oblasts and other regions of Russia. Bashkirs also reside in Kazakhstan and other countries.
4, p. 4. The spectacular burials at Pazyryk are responsible for the introduction of the term kurgan, a Russian word of Turkic origin, into general usage to describe these tombs. The region of the Pazyryk kurgans is considered the type site of the wider Pazyryk culture. The site is included in the Golden Mountains of Altai UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Agletdinova was born in Kurgan-Tyube in the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union. She moved to the Belarusian SSR in 1980 and established herself as a high level runners shortly afterwards, setting bests of 1:58.65 minutes for the 800 m and 4:04.40 minutes for the 1500 m. She improved her 800 m best to 1.56.1 minutes in 1982,Ravilya Agletdinova.
The kurgan has not been excavated, but in 2002 a georadar survey was performed by the Russian Federal Geological Institute (ВСЕГЕИ), and in 2003 to 2004, the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences has done experimental surveys testing non-intrusive archaeological methods. The kurgan is 14.6 m in height and 70 m in diameter, comparable in proportion to the largest Migration era tumuli in Scandinavia such as Raknehaugen. Aleksashin (2006) discusses a boulder with a monogrammatic inscription he found on the hill in 2003. He compares the inscription to Carolingian monograms and based on this revives the theory which identifies Rurik, the founder of the Kievan Rus, with Rorik of Dorestad.S. S. Aleksashin, «Надписи на камнях с сопки Шум-гора: проблемы интерпретации и опыт прочтения» опубликована в сборнике «Скандинавские чтения 2004 года». СПб.2006.
Some bore double names, both Turkic and Sogdian. They wrote about the capital cities of Balasagun, Suyab, and Kayalik, in which William of Rubruck saw three Buddhist temples in the Muslim town for the first time. The geographers also mentioned Taraz (Talas, Auliya-ata), Navekat (now Karabulak), Atbash (now Koshoy-Kurgan ruins), Issyk-kul, Barskhan, Panjikat, Akhsikat, Beglilig, Almalik, Jul, Yar, Ton, Panchul, and others.
Between ca. 4000 and 3000 BCE, neolithic populations in western Europe declined, probably due to the plague and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. This decline was followed by the migrations of Indo-European populations into western Europe, transforming the genetic make-up of the western populations. Three autosomal genetic studies in 2015 gave support to the Kurgan hypothesis of Gimbutas regarding the proto- Indo-European homeland.
Lt. Gen. V.I. Chuikov and Col. N.F. Batyuk observe the battlefield, December, 1942Chuikov was under orders to continue to take the fight to the enemy so as to assist the counterattacking forces outside. On November 21, the 1047th and 1045th Regiments, supported by part of the 92nd Rifle Brigade, launched an attack at 1400 which retook the crest of Mamayev Kurgan from 100th Jäger Division.
It is estimated that the population of the city is close to 110,800 (est. 2019) people, making it the third-largest city in the country. The population fluctuates depending on season (due to Tajik immigrant workers in Russia). Along with the capital Dushanbe, Qurghonteppa is demographically much more diverse than other major Tajik cities such as Khujand, Kulob or Istaravshan. Borjian, Habib, “Kurgan Tepe”, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Soyuz TMA-06M crew members are greeted at the Kostanay Airport Kostanay is connected by road with the following cities in Russia: Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Troitsk, Yekaterinburg, Kurgan and Tyumen. It is also connected to Nur-Sultan and Almaty in Kazakhstan. Fifty-three railway stations carry passengers and cargo from the city. Oil is delivered by rail from Russia as well as oil refineries in Kazakhstan.
The first kill by a Croatian pilot occurred in this time period by Captain Ferencina, and the second by Lt.Colonel Dzal. Croatian Pilot Capt 175x175px On 1 December 1941, the Squadron transferred to Marinpol. Attacks were made on Soviet armoured columns around Pokorovskoje, Matvejeva, Kurgan, Jeiska and Uspenskoje, and on the railway line Marinpol-Stalino. As well, the Squadron escorted German bombers on their missions.
Currently, a single span (a second is still under construction) connects Mamayev Kurgan on the right (western) bank of the Volga with the road to Krasnoslobodsk on a spit between the Volga and the Akhtuba. It is the first bridge over the Volga in Volgograd Oblast; previously, the only automobile route over the river in the region passed over the Volga Hydroelectric Station dam.
In 1993, Governor Eduard Rossel responded to perceived economic inequality by attempting to create a "Ural Republic." Sverdlovsk led the "Urals Five" (Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Sverdlovsk) in a call for greater regional power. They argued that the oblasts deserved as much power as the ethnic homeland republics. The Urals Republic Constitution went into effect on October 27, 1993.
Meanwhile, the British assaulted the Great Redan, a Russian defensive battlement just south of the city of Sevastopol—a position that had been attacked repeatedly for months. Whether the British captured the Redan remains in dispute: Russian historians recognize only the loss of the Malakhov Kurgan (a key point of defence), claiming that all other positions were retained.Tarle E.V. Crimean war. М.-L.: 1941-1944. Vol.
The cathedral of Manglisi Religious festival in Manglisi. Painting by K. Filippov, c. 1871 In the early Bronze Age, the territory of Manglisi was part of the wider region, home to a kurgan culture. By the early Middle Ages, Manglisi and its environs strategically located on the course of the Algeti river formed a territorial unit known as Manglis-khevi, "the valley of Manglisi".
Chelyabinsk Oblast is on the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Only a small part of the territory to the west is on the western slopes of the Southern Urals. Chelyabinsk Oblast is situated in the Southern Urals, near Kurgan and Sverdlovsk oblast. Most of the Oblast is located to the east of the Ural Mountains, which form the continental boundary between Europe and Asia.
The Great Patriotic War interrupted the peaceful labour of local inhabitants. In October 1941 German troops captured the area. Soon a powerful line of defense called the Mius-front was built and was the scene of fierce fighting. Having freed Rostov-on-Don on February 14, 1943, the troops of the Southern Front rushed to the Mius, and on February 17 Matveev Kurgan was liberated.
In Highlander: The Series, the Kurgan's death effectively kicked off the beginning of the Gathering. The Kurgan is mentioned in the episode "The Watchers". After Darius's death in Paris, in 1993, Duncan MacLeod returned to Seacouver to learn more about the Watchers, and the Hunters. His investigation led him to Joe Dawson, a Watcher, who had no alternative but to tell him who they were.
Kurgan stelae of the time also display traces of Greek influences, with warriors being depicted with rounder eyes and full beards. The 4th century BC show additional Greek influence. While animal style was still in use, it appears that much Scythian art by this point was being made by Greek craftsmen on behalf of Scythians. Such objects are frequently found in royal Scythian burials of the period.
At Poltava Rafiyev's tank reportedly destroyed two heavy German tanks, six guns and killed more than 50 German soldiers. During an action at Matveyev Kurgan he was wounded a third time but did not leave the front. During the engagement, Rafiyev's crew reportedly destroyed a German tank, two heavy guns, mortars, and killed 35 German soldiers. In 1943, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Lapin was born on 28 May 1969 in Ivanychi, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine (then part of the USSR). In 1986 finished high school number 1 in Kovel. In the same year he entered the historical faculty of the Lutsk Pedagogical Institute, after year of study he went to serve in the army. 1988-1992 - Kurgan higher military- political aviation school (KVVPAU), officer with higher military specialty "social teacher".
The Maykop culture (, , scientific transliteration: Majkop,), c. 3700 BC–3000 BC, was a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the western Caucasus region. It extends along the area from the Taman Peninsula at the Kerch Strait to near the modern border of Dagestan and southwards to the Kura River. The culture takes its name from a royal burial found in Maykop kurgan in the Kuban River valley.
Director Don Coscarelli purchased film rights to the book;"Don Coscarelli to Direct 'John Dies at the End'" , Bloody Disgusting, February 16, 2008 and subsequently wrote and directed the film adaptation."Quint knows what Don Coscarelli's new movie is! And more importantly he knows Paul Giamatti and The Kurgan are in it!", Ain't It Cool News, October 21, 2010 Filming began on October 21, 2010.
She travelled to the Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics in Kurgan, Russia where she was operated on by Dr Constantine Novikov.Vornamen, Sara (Hajnal Ban's pen name)(2003) God made small, surgery made me tall. Vornamen Enterprises, pg 19Who (18 May 2009) Extreme measures. Pacific Magazines, pg 24 Over a period of 5 months Ban was bedridden as her legs were lengthened.
Done in collaboration with a team from the Spatial Information Design Lab, Pen American Center and the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, this project investigated free expression online in China. As principal investigator, Kurgan led her team of researchers in examining and visualizing the strategies that Chinese internet users employ to access and participate in aspects of the web that are typically blocked in that country.
All horse nomad cultures shared the burial of the dead in barrow graves which are known as kurgans. Their size is very variable, with a radius of between 2 and 50 metres and a height of less than one or more than 18 metres, evidently reflecting differences in social hierarchy. Kurgan of Pazyryk in Altai. In the centre is a shaft and detritus left by tomb robbers.
The Golden Man of Issyk Kurgan, ca. 4th-3rd century BC The Scythians were excellent craftsmen with complex cultural traditions. Horse sacrifices are common in Scythian graves, and several of the sacrificed horses were evidently old and well-kept, indicating that the horse played a prominent role in Scythian society. They played a prominent role in the network connecting ancient civilizations known as the Silk Road.
Armizonsky District was officially formed in November 1923 as part of the Ishimsky district of the Ural Region. In 1934 the district was abolished and merged into Berdyuzhsky District, but restored in 1935 as part of Omsk Oblast. The district was transferred to Kurgan Oblast in 1943, and finally Tyumen Oblast in 1944. From 1963 to 1965, it was temporarily part of Berdyuzhsky Area.
Berdyuzhsky District is located in the south of Tyumen Oblast, on the border with Kurgan Oblast, and near the northern border of Kazakhstan. The terrain is flat upland of forest-steppe landscape. There are a large number of lakes (256 by one count) in rounded depressions. The lakes are formed in elongated chains that follow the general course of ancient runoff to the northeast.
Isetsky District is located in the southwest of Tyumen Oblast, on the border with Kurgan Oblast and Sverdlovsk Oblast. The terrain is flat plain with a forest-steppe landscape. It is in the basin of the Iset River, which meanders from west to east through the middle of the district. The Iset meets the south-north flowing Tobol River about 20km east of the district.
The novel depicts Connor and Kastagir as having a more somber relationship, the two comfortable talking and confiding in each other about their fears. An alternate scene has them meet in the subway before going to the Bridge. The book expands the ending following Connor's last battle with the Kurgan. He returns to his antique shop to say a final goodbye to Rachel before leaving for Scotland.
After a long duel, Connor kills the Kurgan and earns the Prize. Connor returns to Scotland with Brenda and reveals he's now a mortal man who can age and have children. He is also now "at one with all living things," able to read the thoughts and feelings of people all around the world. He hopes to encourage cooperation, understanding, and peace among humanity.
Up the Syr Darya (1859–1864): Meanwhile, Russia was advancing southeast up the Syr Darya from Ak-Mechet. In 1859, Julek was taken from Kokand. In 1861 a Russian fort was built at Julek and Yani Kurgan (Zhanakorgan) upriver was taken. In 1862 Chernyaev reconnoitered the river as far as Hazrat-i-Turkestan and captured the small oasis of Suzak about east of the river.
Krahe has influenced archaeologists, linguists and particularly experts in Celtic languages: Marija Gimbutas (Lithuanian: Marija Gimbutiene) studied in Tübingen, and received her doctorate of archeology in 1946 in the same department where Krahe lectured. Gimbutas developed the Kurgan theory. Jürgen Untermann, a disciple of Krahe with dissertation 1954 in Tübingen was professor for Comparative Linguistics at the University of Cologne. He was an epigraphist and Indoeuropeanist.
The Aldy-Bel culture is an Iron Age culture of Scytho-Siberian horse nomads in the area of Tuva in southern Siberia, dated to the 7th to 3rd centuries BCE.Savinov D.G., Early nomads, pp. 94–95 Monuments of the Aldy-Bel culture were identified by A.D. Grach and I.U. Sambu and published in 1971. The culture is named after the site of the Aldy-Bel I kurgan.
The Motherland Calls () is the compositional centre of the monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia. It was designed by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and structural engineer Nikolai Nikitin, and declared the tallest statue in the world in 1967. At , it is the tallest statue in Europe and the tallest statue (excluding pedestals) of a woman in the world.
Igor Ustinsky (born June 14, 1994) is a Russian ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with Zauralie Kurgan of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). Ustinsky was selected by Metallurg Magnitogorsk in the first round (21st overall) of the 2011 KHL Junior Draft. On December 11, 2014, Ustinsky made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg during the 2014–15 KHL season.
In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of the Proto-Indo- European (PIE) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the "Kurgans"; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe. This hypothesis, and her method of bridging the disciplines, has had a significant impact on Indo-European studies. During the 1950s and early 1960s, Gimbutas earned a reputation as a world-class specialist on Bronze Age Europe, as well as on Lithuanian folk art and the prehistory of the Balts and Slavs, partly summed up in her definitive opus, Bronze Age Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe (1965). In her work she reinterpreted European prehistory in light of her backgrounds in linguistics, ethnology, and the history of religions, and challenged many traditional assumptions about the beginnings of European civilization.
The development of the Kurgan theory of Indo-European origins challenged the Nordicist equation of Aryan and Nordic identity, since it placed the earliest Indo-European speakers around central Asia and/or far- eastern Europe (although according to the Kurgan hypothesis some Proto-Indo- Europeans did eventually migrate into Central and Northern Europe and become the ancestors of the Nordic peoples.) The original German term used by Ripley, "Theodiscus", which is translated into English as Teutonic, has fallen out of favour amongst German-speaking scholars, and is restricted to a somewhat ironical usage similar to the archaic teutsch, if used at all. While the term is still present in English, which has retained it in some contexts as a translation of the traditional Latin Teutonicus (most notably the aforementioned Teutonic Order), it should not be translated into German as "Teutonisch" except when referring to the historical Teutones.
He adopts Ramírez's katana sword as his own, a unique weapon made by a Japanese "genius" in 593 BC. In 1985, it is the time of the Gathering, and the Kurgan is compelled to come to New York, where Connor now lives as an antique dealer under the alias "Russell Nash," working with his confidant Rachel Ellenstein. The director's cut reveals Rachel is MacLeod's adopted daughter, a child he rescued from Nazis during World War II. Brenda Wyatt, a metallurgy expert working for the police as a forensic scientist, finds shards of Connor's sword at Fasil's murder scene and is puzzled they come from a Japanese sword dated around 600 B.C. but made with medieval-era methods. Brenda witnesses the Kurgan attack "Nash" and the two fight briefly before police arrive, forcing them to flee. She meets with "Nash" twice afterward, hoping to learn about the paradoxical sword.
Omsk hemorrhagic fever is caused by Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), a member of the Flavivirus family. The virus was discovered by Mikhail Chumakov and his colleagues between 1945 and 1947 in Omsk, Russia. The infection is found in Western Siberia, in places including Omsk Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Tyumen Oblast. The virus survives in water and is transferred to humans via contaminated water or an infected tick.
Chemical weapons formerly stored in Russia. Former Russian CW stockpiles. Russia entered the CWC with the largest declared stockpile of chemical weapons. By 2010 the country had destroyed 18,241 tonnes at destruction facilities located in Gorny (Saratov Oblast) and Kambarka (Udmurt Republic), where operations have finished, and Shchuchye (Kurgan Oblast), Maradykovsky (Kirov Oblast), Leonidovka (Penza Oblast) while installations are under construction in Pochep (Bryansk Oblast) and Kizner (Udmurt Republic).
In a major work, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: Myths and Cult Images (1974),Reissued as she refers to these Neolithic cultures as Old Europe (Neolithic Europe and Pre-Indo-European are synonymous). Archaeologists and ethnographers working within her framework believe that the evidence points to later migrations and invasions of the peoples who spoke Indo-European languages at the beginning of the Bronze Age (the Kurgan hypothesis).
The indigenous people were Danubian farmers, and the invading people of the 3rd millennium BCE were Kurgan warrior-herders from the Ukrainian and Russian steppes. Indo-Europeanization was complete by the beginning of the Bronze Age. The people of that time are best described as proto-Thracians, which later developed in the Iron Age into Danubian-Carpathian Geto-Dacians as well as Thracians of the eastern Balkan Peninsula.
However, 3–4 times as many people reported using CRISP-DM. Several teams of researchers have published reviews of data mining process models,Lukasz Kurgan and Petr Musilek: "A survey of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process models". The Knowledge Engineering Review. Volume 21 Issue 1, March 2006, pp 1–24, Cambridge University Press, New York, and Azevedo and Santos conducted a comparison of CRISP-DM and SEMMA in 2008.
Four reviewers at Game Tunnel awarded it a combined score of 6.7/10, with Mike Hommel appreciating the style and genre while noting a "flawed implementation", and Russ Carroll describing the graphics as "really wonderful". Daniel Boll of GBase gave the game 5/10, praising the graphics, gameplay, and controls; however, he found the enjoyment limited to the opening levels. Igromanias George Kurgan applauded the game's Russian port by Noviy Disk.
Esik (, also spelled Issyk, Yesik and Yesyk) is a town in Almaty Region of Kazakhstan, the administrative center of Enbekshikazakh District. It is located on the Issyk River, at the foot of the Tian Shan, 53 km east of Almaty and 112 km over the mountains from Issyk Kul Lake. Population: It was founded by Cossacks in 1858 as stanitsa Nadezhdinskaya. The Issyk kurgan of the famous "Golden Man" is nearby.
Jawczyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupice, within Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Trąbki (the gmina seat), south-east of Wieliczka, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków. Mounds at Jawczyce were described by Bishop Nankerus in 1322. Kurgan mounds dated to the Neolithic or Bronze Age included a burial of an elderly person, probably male.
The Issyk kurgan, in south-eastern Kazakhstan, less than 20 km east from the Talgar alluvial fan, near Issyk, is a burial mound discovered in 1969. It has a height of six meters and a circumference of sixty meters. It is dated to the 4th or 3rd century BC.Hall 1997 A notable item is a silver cup bearing an inscription. The finds are on display in Nur-Sultan.
This battle preceded the conquest of Kievan Rus' and he likely died on his return from the conquests of the Kievan Rus' in approximately 1223.Pow, "The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan," 31. The circumstances surrounding his disappearance and death are mysterious. One scholar, Stephen Pow suggests that Jebe may have been killed by the Russian allied Kipchaks forces near a kurgan close to Khortytsia Island.
The biggest rivers are the Tura, Tobol, Pyshma, Iset, Tavda, Ishim, Agan, Irtysh, Tanama and Noska. The hydro- geographical system is characterized with the prevalence of small rivers as well as the significant bogginess of their catchment areas and numerous lakes. It borders Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the north, Omsk Oblast and Tomsk Oblast in the East, Kazakhstan (North Kazakhstan Region), Kurgan Oblast and Sverdlovsk Oblast in the west.
Sources are popular not only among residents of Tyumen, but in neighboring regions as well: the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions. The region has large peat reserves. Large deposits of vivianite (ferric phosphate) (approximately 20% of world reserves) have been discovered in particular peat deposits, the usage of which may meet the phosphate fertilizers demand of the agriculture. There are deposits of quartz sands, brick and expanded clays, sapropels and limestone.
Seydlitz- Kurzbach later fled the German lines under German fire and personally surrendered to the Soviets.Stalingrad (Beevor), p. 382 On 26 January, detachments of 21st Army met up with the 13th Guards Division to the north of the Mamaev Kurgan, which cut the Axis pocket in Stalingrad in two. Paulus and many of his senior German commanders were in the smaller southern pocket based in the city center of Stalingrad.
According to archaeological evidence, pre-Christian burial customs changed over the centuries. During the Iron Age (5th century BC - 1st century AD), the western Baltic kurgan and barrow culture was widespread among the Old Prussians. It was then that cremation in urns appeared. Grave mounds were raised over stone cells for up to 30 urns, or stone boxes for the urns were buried in Bronze Age style barrows.
The Russians started settling this territory district in the beginning of the 18th century under the orders of Peter I. The Mius river basin was settled especially in the second half of the 1770s and early 1780s. Thus, the history of the village of Matveev Kurgan dates to 1780. It was founded by the Cossack Ataman Ilovaiskiy. These places are mentioned in the legend of "The Word about Igor's regiment".
In the central part of the valley flow the and rivers, which are tributaries of the Iset River. There are two ways to the valley. The southern route is from Tyumen by the highway M51 towards Kurgan. Beyond the village it crosses the Iset River and turn left in front of the village Soloboevo, then through Malyshy and Botniki to get to Krasnogorskoe, the beginning of the valley.
The second greatest, so-called "aristocratic" kurgans, include Berdyanskiĭ, Tolstaya Mogila, Chmyreva Mogila, Five Brothers 8, Melitopolsky, Zheltokamenka and Krasnokutskiĭ. Kozel Kurgans Excavation at kurgan Sengileevskoe-2 found gold bowls with coatings indicating a strong opium beverage was used while cannabis was burning nearby. The gold bowls depicted scenes showing clothing and weapons. By the time of Classical Scythian culture, the North Caucasus appears to no longer be under Scythian control.
Kyzyl-Jar (also Kyzyl-Dzhar, , pronounced , literally "Red cliff") is a village in Aksy District of Jalal-Abad Region in Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 5,016 in 2009. The Naryn River separates the village from Uch-Kurgan, Uzbekistan, not far from Namangan. The area and even the village are still sometimes referred to as Uch-Korgon, presumably due to the lumping together of the two villages during Soviet times.
Thirteen Kurgan stelae, never before seen in Anatolia or the Near East, were found in 1998 in their original location at the centre of Hakkari. The stelae were carved on upright flagstone-like slabs measuring between 0.7 m to 3.10 m in height. The stones contain only one cut surface, upon which human figures are chiseled. The theme of each stele reveals the foreview of an upper human body.
Kurgan delivers a fatal wound but is attacked by others of the Clan MacLeod before he can take Connor's head. After he recovers fully healed, Connor's family and lover accuse him of witchcraft and demand he be burned him at the stake. Clan chieftain Angus MacLeod decides to simply banish Connor. The exiled man roams the Scottish Highlands, eventually becoming a blacksmith and marrying Heather MacDonald in 1539.
U źródeł Polski, p. 58, Sławomir Kadrow A kurgan burial site of the Trzciniec culture, in use from the 15th to the early 12th century BC was preserved in Dacharzów near Sandomierz. The central bottom part of the structure consists of two adjacent rectangular stone burial chambers with wooden floors. The larger one contains the bones of several women and children, the smaller one the cremated remains of one older man.
It has consistently been used as a royal emblem, though different cultures have interpreted its meaning in varying ways. Gaulish coins show the first Western designs which look similar to modern fleurs-de-lis.Michel Pastoureau, Heraldry: its origins and meaning p.99 In the East it was found on the gold helmet of a Scythian king uncovered at the Ak-Burun kurgan and conserved in Saint Petersburg's Hermitage Museum.
The stadium was built on site of the demolished Central Stadium, at the foot of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, near the Volga River. The previous stadium was built in 1958, on the site of a former oil depot. This area was undeveloped, occupied by randomly distributed low-value buildings, warehouses, barracks and ravines. During construction of the stadium, 300 unexploded bombs were discovered and removed from the site.
Some of the earliest wagon wheels in the world are found in Maykop culture area. The two solid wooden wheels from the kurgan of Novokorsunskaya in the Kuban region have been dated to the second half of the fourth millennium.Holm, Hans J. J. G. (2019): The Earliest Wheel Finds, their Archeology and Indo-European Terminology in Time and Space, and Early Migrations around the Caucasus. Series Minor 43.
On the place where the castle once stood, a Union of Lublin Mound was constructed in 1869, dedicated to the 300-years of the Union of Lublin. Currently, an observation platform is located atop the kurgan. In 1957, a 141-meter tall television tower was constructed on a ridge of the hill (see picture). In 2004-2005, there were talks of reconstructing a stone castle on the hill.
Based at the University of Dar es Salaam, where he was a visiting professor, Polomé also helped to improve the linguistics programs at the University of Nairobi during this period. Animated map of Indo-European migrations in accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis. Much of Polomé's research centered on Indo-European studies. From 1972 to 1978, Polomé was chairman of the Language Committee of the American Institute of Indian Studies.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BCE according to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis. These migrations are thought to have spread WSH ancestry and Indo-European languages throughout large parts of Eurasia. In archaeogenetics, the term Western Steppe Herders (WSH), or Western Steppe Pastoralists, is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent closely related to the Yamnaya culture of the Pontic- Caspian steppe.
He developed a technique based on closed reduction with guided percutaneous pin placement. Hoffmann’s technique exemplified the first application of minimally invasive orthopaedic surgery. In the 1950s, Gavriil Ilizarov of Kurgan, Soviet Union, devised and developed a new method for treating fractures, deformities and other bone defects. A metal frame that encircles the limb is attached to the underlying bone by crossing (X) pins inserted through the bone and limb.
Non-ferrous metals industries were an aluminum plant in Tursunzade and hydrometallurgical in Isfara. Engineering enterprises produced winding, agricultural machinery, equipment for trading enterprises and public catering, textile, lighting and wiring equipment, transformers, household refrigerators, cable and other (main center - Dushanbe). The chemical industry included plants - nitrogen fertilizer in Kurgan-Tube, electrochemical in Yavan, and plastics in Dushanbe. The main branches of light industry were cotton ginning, silk, and carpet weaving.
Possible solutions for Glottochronology are forthcoming due to computational phylogenetic methods. Techniques such as using models of evolution improves accuracy of tree branch length and topology. There for, using computational phylogenetic methods computational methods enable researchers to analyze linguistic data from evolutionary biology. This further assists in testing theories against each other, such as the Kurgan theory and the Anatolian theory, both claiming origins of Info-European languages.
Sappers dug paths to the river, prepared ladders, bridges and fascines. On the morning of 16 December, the division began the attack after a 75-minute artillery barrage. The 610th Rifle Regiments captured a kurgan one and a half kilometers from the farm and captured Ilyavinov, as well as ten anti-tank guns with ammunition. Until 20 December, the division attacked the enemy multiple times a day, despite severe ammunition shortages.
On a similar note, Marija Gimbutas argues that the Æsir and the Vanir represent the displacement of an indigenous Indo-European group by a tribe of warlike invaders as part of her Kurgan hypothesis. See her case in The Living Goddess for more details. Another historical theory is that the inter-pantheon interaction may be an apotheosisation of the conflict between the Roman Kingdom and the Sabines.Turville-Petre, 161.
On October 28, 2013, Summit hired Cedric Nicolas-Troyan to direct. In November 2014, the studio wanted actor Tom Cruise in the role of Ramírez, but Cruise was busy shooting Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and was reportedly not considering future projects at that time. James Jaysen Bryhan has since been rumored to play Ramírez. On February 11, 2015, wrestler turned actor Dave Bautista was cast as The Kurgan.
Polls conducted at the same website (KDNuggets) in 2002, 2004, 2007 and 2014 show that it was the leading methodology used by industry data miners who decided to respond to the survey.Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro (2002); KDnuggets Methodology PollGregory Piatetsky-Shapiro (2004); KDnuggets Methodology PollGregory Piatetsky-Shapiro (2007); KDnuggets Methodology PollGregory Piatetsky-Shapiro (2014); KDnuggets Methodology Poll The only other data mining approach named in these polls was SEMMA. However, SAS Institute clearly states that SEMMA is not a data mining methodology, but rather a "logical organization of the functional toolset of SAS Enterprise Miner." A review and critique of data mining process models in 2009 called the CRISP-DM the "de facto standard for developing data mining and knowledge discovery projects." Other reviews of CRISP-DM and data mining process models include Kurgan and Musilek's 2006 review,Lukasz Kurgan and Petr Musilek (2006); A survey of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process models.
2500 BC; the orange area to 1000 BC. The proposed Indo-European migration has variously been dated to the end of the Neolithic (Marija Gimbutas: Corded Ware culture, Yamna culture, Kurgan culture), the early Neolithic (Colin Renfrew: Starčevo- Körös, Linearbandkeramic) and the late Palaeolithic (Marcel Otte, Paleolithic Continuity Theory). The speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language are usually believed to have originated to the North of the Black Sea (today Eastern Ukraine and Southern Russia), and from there they gradually migrated into, and spread their language by cultural diffusion to, Anatolia, Europe, and Central Asia Iran and South Asia starting from around the end of the Neolithic period (see Kurgan hypothesis). Other theories, such as that of Colin Renfrew, posit their development much earlier, in Anatolia, and claim that Indo-European languages and culture spread as a result of the agricultural revolution in the early Neolithic. Relatively little is known about the inhabitants of pre-Indo-European "Old Europe".
In 1990/1991 he worked as vicar in the parishes in Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Kurgan- Tyube, Vakhsh). From 1991 the rector of the parish of Christ the King in Marx. From 1992 to 1998 he was dean in the Pavolskaga region, since 1998 member of the Apostolic Administration of priests to Catholics of Latin rite of the European part of Russia. On March 23, 1998 Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Bishop Husyry.
B. A. Rybakov, Язычество древней Руси ("Paganism of Ancient Rus", 1987, fig. 7). Kurgan stele (baba) near Luhansk Scythian balbals, later Kuman, commonly depict a warrior holding a drinking horn in their upraised right hand.40 out of a total of 137 anthropomorphic stelae described by Ol'chovskij and Evdokimov (1994:67,69 table 14) include the depiction of a drinking horn. Many also show a sword or dagger suspended on the warrior's belt.
Geographic extent of the Maykop culture The Maykop culture, c. 3700–3000 BCE, was a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the Western Caucasus region of Southern Russia. It extends along the area from the Taman Peninsula at the Kerch Strait to near the modern border of Dagestan and southwards to the Kura River. The culture takes its name from a royal burial found in Maykop kurgan in the Kuban River valley.
"Don't Lose Your Head" was composed by Taylor and features singer Joan Armatrading in a vocal cameo. The song takes its name from a line spoken in Highlander, and is played for a short time when Kurgan kidnaps Brenda. The song then segues into a cover of "Theme from New York, New York", though it is only a small clip. It is also featured in an episode of Highlander: The Series titled "Free Fall".
The legends also agree on the location of the homeland of the Early Slavic peoples in Eastern Europe. This area overlapped the region presumed by mainstream scholarship to be the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the general region of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations became speakers of Balto-Slavic".F. Kortlandt, The spread of the Indo-Europeans, p.
Deer stones were probably originally erected by Bronze Age nomads around 1000 BCE though further research into the Cimmerian stone stelae-Kurgan stelae should be taken into much consideration. Later cultures have often reused the stones in their own burial mounds (known as kheregsüürs) and for other purposes. Modern vandals have also defaced and even looted the stones. In 1892, V.V. Radlov published a collection of drawings of deer stones in Mongolia.
Radiocarbon calibrated dates place the burial between 2900-2700 ВСЕ Finally, the wide distribution of copper products made from Kargaly ores of the Early and Middle Bronze Ages found in the area between the Volga and the Urals shows the significant impact of Kargaly on the development of cultures inhabiting this region. Copper ores from Kargaly were also found among the artifact inventories of rich contemporaneous kurgan burials of the tribal chiefs in Volga basin.
This is adjacent to the proposed homeland for Proto-Indo-European under the Kurgan hypothesis. French anthropologist Bernard Sergent, in La Genèse de l'Inde (1997), argued that Finno-Ugric (Uralic) may have a genetic source or have borrowed significantly from proto-Dravidian or a predecessor language of West African origins. Some linguists see Uralic (Hungarian, Finnish) as having a linguistic relationship to both Altaic (Turkic, Mongol) language groups"Dravidian languages." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
Monument of Sukhov in Donetsk In 1998, the creators of the film were awarded the 1997 Russian Federation State Prize in Literature and Arts, nearly 30 years after the film left the silver screen. A Russian computer game was released based on the film. Vereschagin became a symbol of a customs officer, with monuments honoring him erected in Amvrosiivka (2001), Kurgan (2007), Moscow (2008) and Luhansk (2011). Monuments of Sukhov are known in Donetsk (ca.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis. One of the earliest attested and thus most important of all Indo-European mythologies is Vedic mythology, especially the mythology of the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas. Early scholars of comparative mythology such as Friedrich Max Müller stressed the importance of Vedic mythology to such an extent that they practically equated it with Proto-Indo-European myth.
The Besshatyr Kurgan (the royal burial mounds of Besshatyr) in Kazakhstan is a complex of tombs of the Semirechye-Saka tribe era. From the Kazakh language, "Besshatyr" translates as "Five Tents" which is most likely derived from the number of the largest mounds in this area. The mounds are located in the valley of the Ili River on the territory of the Altyn-Emel National Park in the Kerbulak district, Almaty region.
Zelimkhan Akhmadov was born in 1975 in Taldy-Kurgan region of Kazakhstan in a family of deported Chechens. In 1990, his family returned to Chechnya and settled in the city of Urus-Martan. In 1994, when the first Chechen war began, Zelimkhan joined the Chechen fighters and fought in the mountains of Urus-Martan district. After the end of the First Chechen war Zelimkhan and his brothers took control of the city of Urus-Martan.
Dumitru Diacov was born on February 10, 1952, in Kargapolie, Kurgan Oblast (Russia), in a family of Bessarabian deportees. In 1969, he became a student at the Faculty of Letters, Journalism Department, of the Moldova State University from Chișinău. In 1974, Dumitru Diacov graduated from Belarusian State University and then worked for TeleRadio-Moldova. After 1984, he worked as correspondent in Chişinău for Komsomolskaya Pravda and then for Komsomol and CPSU in Moscow (1986-1989).
In fact, a kurgan referred to by locals as "Halychyna's tomb," excavated in 1996, contained a ritual cremation site and a bronze weapon and gold disc that could have belonged to a noble leader. Max Vasmer and modern Slavists generally agree that "Halych" is an adjective derived from the East Slavic word for "jackdaw," "halka." This bird featured in the town's coat of arms when it was part of the Austro- Hungarian Empire (since 1772).
Kurgan in the 1850s An urban settlement was established here between 1659 and 1662 as Tsaryovo Gorodishche () by Timofey Nevezhin, a farmer from Tyumen. In the ensuing years it was developed as a fortress town. It served as a frontier post and its fortified position enabled it to defend other Russian settlements from nomad attacks. Nevertheless, it was itself not always able to withstand such attacks, and was sometimes plundered and burnt down.
The meteor's path in relation to the ground. Tunguska meteoroids to the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building. Local residents witnessed extremely bright burning objects in the sky in Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and Orenburg Oblasts, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and in neighbouring regions in Kazakhstan, when the asteroid entered the Earth's atmosphere over Russia. Amateur videos showed a fireball streaking across the sky and a loud boom several minutes afterwards.
Images of mythological creatures such a griffins are not uncommon in Scythian animal style, but these are probably the result of Near Eastern influences. By the late 6th century, as Scythian activity in the Near East was reduced, depictions of mythological creatures largely disappears from Scythian art. It however reappears again in the 4th century BC as a result of Greek influence. Anthropomorphic depictions in Early Scythian art is known only from kurgan stelae.
Before Polosmak and her crew reached the Ice Maiden's chamber, they hit upon a second later burial in the same kurgan positioned on top of the Maiden's wooden tomb chamber. The contents included a stone and wood coffin containing a skeleton, along with three horses. Polosmak believes that this secondary burial was that of an outside group, perhaps of subordinate peoples, who considered it honorable to bury their dead in Pazyryk kurgans.
152, Barbaro and six other men, a mix of Venetian and Jewish merchants, hired 120 men to excavate the kurgan, which they hoped would contain treasure. When the weather proved too severe, they returned in March 1438, but found no treasure. Barbaro analytically and precisely recorded information about the layers of earth, coal, ashes, millet, and fish scales that composed the mound.Venice & antiquity: the Venetian sense of the past, Patricia Fortini Brown, New Haven, Conn.
Tsnori Tsnori () is a town (since 1965) in Georgia’s Kakheti region. It is located in the Alazani Valley near the town Sighnaghi and has a population of 4,815 (2014 Georgia Census). Georgian gold lion excavated at Tsnori Archaeological digs at Tsnori have revealed clusters of kurgans which contain the most elaborate burial mounds among the Early Bronze Age kurgan cultures of South Caucasia.Melvin Ember, Peter N. Peregrine (2001), Encyclopedia of Prehistory, p. 35.
Northern Qi Dynasty (550–577 AD) Sogdians in a religious procession, a 5th–6th-century tomb mural discovered at Tung-wan City. The Sogdians practiced a variety of religious faiths. However, Zoroastrianism was most likely their main religion as demonstrated by material evidence. For instance, the discovery of murals depicting votaries making offers before fire-holders and ossuaries from Samarkand, Panjakent and Er-Kurgan held the bones of the dead in accordance with Zoroastrian ritual.
Journal of Social Archaeology, 4(3), 368-404. Following the laying to rest of the deceased, who is often surrounded with grave goods, an earthwork called a kurgan in Russian or barrow in English is raised over the house and the structure left sealed. The term has parallels with Christian sepulchres which contain only one burial. Mortuary houses differ from mortuary enclosures in size, design and in the latter's capacity for multiple burials.
In early Bronze Age graves were covered with burial mounds. Newer types of funeral ceremonies and collective burials emerged. In the simple sand burials discovered in Mingechevir, a corp was buried in a bent position in different directions with a clay pot placed near the head. In Xoshbulag, Dashkasan, stone-covered kurgan-like burials were found where corps were buried on by one on their back, bent from the joints, heads positioned to West.
The grave pits under stome kurgan mounds are covered with slabs that often are of considerable sizes. The depth of the burial pits vary from 0,6 m to 2,5–3 meters, in deep graves the side slabs were stacked and covered with several slab layers. In places within the fence sometimes were installed deer stones, single slabs with images of deer, less frequently of the horses, accompanied with solar signs and armaments.
In some regions, kurgans are surrounded by various kinds of stone enclosure. The more or less rectangular tombs of the later Tagar culture were sometimes surrounded by a row of stones at the edge of the kurgan mound, which was broken up by higher stones at regular intervals - later these were usually just at the corners.N. L. Tschlenowa: "Tagarskaja kultura." In: M. G. Moschkowa: Stepnaja polosa Asiatskoi tschasti SSSR w skifo-sarmatskoje wremja.
Ram-headed pendant of the Koban culture The Koban culture (c. 1100 to 400 BC) is a late Bronze Age and Iron Age culture of the northern and central Caucasus. It is preceded by the Colchian culture of the western Caucasus and the Kharachoi culture further east. It is named after the village of Koban, Northern Ossetia, where in 1869 battle-axes, daggers, decorative items and other objects were discovered in a kurgan.
Kulob is regarded as a very conservative region. In the capital Qurghonteppa and parts of Kulob, the Islamic opposition has a lot of support among the Garmis.Borjian, Habib, Kurgan Tepe, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online The Kulyab clan is based in Khatlon.Ethnic groups at risk: The status of Tajiks Heritage Society In February 1996 Colonel Mahmud Khudoiberdiyev launched a rebellion, insisting that three officials from the Kulyab clan resign before he ended the rebellion.
Its inhumation practices in tumuli are similar to the Yamnaya culture and Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture. Flat graves are a component of the Abashevo culture burial rite, as in the earlier Fatyanovo culture. The kurgans of the Abashevo culture are to be distinguished from the flat graves of the Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture. A well-known Abashevo kurgan in Pepkino contained the remains of twenty-eight males who appear to have died violent deaths.
A kurgan burial ground dating back to the mid-second half of the XIV century has also been found. In all 23 burials were revealed. The main burials were in five hillocks, while the rest were inlet into the Scythian period kurgans. Also, 700 meters to the south of Mamai-Hora burial mounds, the Mamai-Surka burial ground dating back to the end of the 13th and beginning of the 15th century was researched.
Savicheva was born on 14 February 1987. She was born into a family of musicians in the city of Kurgan on the edge of Siberia, located east of the Ural Mountains. Frequent visitors to her parents' home included several Russian songwriters and music producers. Yulia's father (an avid piano player) would regularly compose songs for his daughter to sing; this would subsequently prove to be the beginning of Yulia's career as a singer.
Miass River at the southwest corner of the Ob Basin (double click to expand) The Miass is a river on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains in Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Iset, part of the Irtysh basin.Миасс (река в Челябинской и Курганской областях), Great Soviet Encyclopedia It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The cities Chelyabinsk and Miass are located on the river.
On 19 March, 14 new cases were confirmed, including first cases in Yakutia, Khabarovsk Krai, and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. On 20 March, 9 new cases were confirmed, including 6 in Yakutia, 2 in Novosibirsk Oblast, and 1 in Tyumen Oblast. On 21 March, 8 new cases were confirmed in 6 federal subjects, including first cases in Chelyabinsk Oblast and Kurgan Oblast (1 case each). On 24 March, 6 new cases were confirmed, including first cases in Primorsky Krai.
North Kazakhstan Region () is a region of Kazakhstan, with a population of 558 700. Its capital is Petropavl, with a population of 193,300 people. The region borders Russia (Omsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast and Tyumen Oblast) to the north, and also borders three other Kazakhstan regions: Akmola Region to the south, Pavlodar Region to the east and Kostanay Region to the west. The area of the region is , making it the fourth smallest of all the regions of Kazakhstan.
A Sarmatian diadem, found at the Khokhlach kurgan near Novocherkassk (1st century AD, Hermitage Museum) The Sarmatians were part of the Iranian steppe peoples, among whom were also Scythians and Saka. These are also grouped together as "East Iranians". Archaeology has established the connection 'between the Iranian-speaking Scythians, Sarmatians and Saka and the earlier Timber-grave and Andronovo cultures'. Based on building construction, these three peoples were the likely descendants of those earlier archaeological cultures.
In the second half of the 1950s due to the increased demand of the national economy in heavy machines the plant was repurposed to produce wheel tractors. It was renamed Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant (KZKT) by the Order of the Minister of automotive and tractor industry from June 11, 1966. In the 1970s and 80s it employed about 11,000 people, there were specialists of 219 professions. Pride of the collective was Hero of Socialist Labor Yuri Nabatnikov.
Bull-leaping scene in Hüseyindede vases belongs to Early Hittite, approximately 1650 BC. Map of Indo-European migrations from to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan model. The Anatolian migration probably took place across the Balkans. The magenta area corresponds to the assumed Urheimat (Samara culture, Sredny Stog culture). The dark orange area corresponds to the area that may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples up to , and the lighter orange area by 1000 BC.
Arzhan () is a site of early Scythian kurgan burials, located in the Tuva Republic, Russia, some north-west of Kyzyl. Arzhan is situated on a high plateau, traversed by the Uyuk River, a minor tributary of the Yenisei River. Arzhan-1 was excavated by M. P. Gryaznov in the 1970s, establishing the origins of Scythian culture in the region in the 9th to 8th centuries BCE. Further excavations were conducted in 1997 and in 1998-2003 (Arzhan-2).
It is scientifically proved that territory of nowadays Derhachi was populated in Scythian times (6 — 3 centuries B.C.) and later. A unique Scythian ritual pommel decorated with a sphinx was found at the town. This artifact was a part of Scythian World Tree and now it is exhibited in Kharkiv Historical Museum. In 2018 and 2019, the archaeological expedition of the Kharkiv Historical Museum carried out excavations of the Scythian kurgan in western part of the town.
Retrieved 20 September 2011. Based on the experience of Afghanistan, a BMP-1PG (Ob'yekt 765Sp8) was fitted with an additional AGS-17 grenade launcher on the left hand side of the turret roof. It was developed by the Kurgan Engineering Works. A few BMP-1s were used in Afghanistan as support for airborne forces and were equipped with RPG-16 airborne shoulder-launched anti-tank rocket-propelled grenades, (RPG)s, taken from the BMD-1 IFV.
Between 2009 and 2001 he was engaged in lithography in the workroom on Nizhnyaya Maslovka. In 2014 he worked on a monumental painting of the frontages of a private house in the Crimea in the city of Alupka. The works of Alexey Orlovski are parts of the State Tretyakov Gallery, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, State Galleries of Ekaterinburg, Kurgan, Tyumen, The Nizhny Tagil Museum of Fine Arts, NCCA of Vladikavkaz as well as of private collections.
The phrase "a kind of magic" is used in Highlander by Connor MacLeod (Christopher Lambert) as a description of his immortality. Roger Taylor liked the phrase so much that he used it as inspiration for the song. There are references to the film in the lyrics: "one prize, one goal"; "no mortal man"; and "there can be only one". The single's cover art features an image of Clancy Brown in character as the film's villain, The Kurgan.
Since there are no common Indo-European words for donkey or camel, Schrader assumed that the original homeland of the Indo-Europeans was in the steppes north of the Black Sea, on the Caspian Sea, and on the Aral Sea, an area referred to as the Pontic-Caspian steppe, where wild horses were a native species. Schrader's theory would ultimately serve as the basis of Marija Gimbutas' Kurgan theory.Marija Gimbutas, The Balts (London: Thames & Hudson, 1963), 38.
In 1919 Chelyabinsk became the regional capital of the newly formed Chelyabinsk Governorate of the Russian SFSR, which combined eastern portions of the Orenburg Governorate with Kurgan of the Tobolsk Governorate. At this time, the population of the new region already exceeded one million people. In 1923, together with the Perm, and Tyumen governorates, it merged into a single Ural Oblast that lasted only ten years, until 1934. On January 17, 1934, Chelyabinsk Oblast was finally established.
Only three prisoners have been able to successfully escape from Matrosskaya Tishina. On June 5, 1995, Alexander Solonik, a notorious hitman and member of a prominent Kurgan criminal group, managed to escape from the prison. On May 2, 2004, Sergey Ershov, a Ukrainian man escaped by dismantling brickwork and breaking the perimeter fence, receiving numerous injuries in the process. However, since Ershov was detained less than 24 hours after the escape, it was recognized only as an attempt.
The village was first mentioned in the cadastres Svensk monastery near 1595 as the existing settlement. Dobrynichi (). On January 25 (February 4), 1605 near the village of was a major battle troops led by Prince FI Mstsislauye with an army of False Dmitriy I (known as the Battle of Dobrynichi), after which in the vicinity of the village for centuries preserved burial mounds (Kurgan) with fraternal burials. Until the end of the 18th century palace had possession.
Yuri Nikolayevich Galtsev (; born April 12, 1961, Kurgan) is a Russian entertainer and clownery, TV presenter, parodist, singer, theater, film and television actor. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2003). Указ Президента России No. 537 от 19 мая 2003 года Art Director of the Raikin Variety Theater in St. Petersburg. In 1988, he graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography, with a degree in Music Speech Estrada, where he made friends with Gennady Vetrov.
The Scythians were a large group of Iranian (linguistically Eastern Iranian) nomadic tribes who populated the Eurasian Steppe during the first millennium BCE, from Eastern Europe to western China. Their name "Scythians" comes from Greek, Σκύθοι Skuthoi, meaning the "archers", a skill for which they were known and feared. They left a rich cultural legacy, particularly in the form of gold jewellery, frequently found in the "kurgan" burials associated with them. They practised the ancient Iranian religion.
Hoerskool Hangklip provide an example of dancetty with points flattened, and Blouberg of dancetty the peaks couped. It is difficult to know whether to characterise the "wall-like extremity with five merlons and four embrasures" in the arms of the Kurgan Oblast in Russia as a divided field or a charge. The arms of Ernest John Altobello show a chevron with the upper edge grady (this is identical in appearance to indented) "and ensigned of a tower Argent".
The live-action TV series takes place after the events of the original 1985 movie while revising it slightly. In this version of events, the events of the original film still happened with one major change: Connor did not win the Prize when he killed Kurgan because there were still several immortals remaining on Earth. Christopher Lambert declined to reprise his role of Connor for a weekly series, and so the show stars new character Duncan MacLeod (Adrian Paul).
The TV series introduces the Watchers, humans who record the lives and battles of immortals. It is revealed that Connor was studied from afar by many Watchers, including three named Alistair MacDougal, Nathaniel Post, and Dana Brooks. The second season episode "Watchers" (1993) confirms the battle with the Kurgan in 1985 happened in the series canon and reveals that many Watchers were relieved when Connor killed him, fearing that humanity would suffer if the villain had won the Prize.
Unlike the TV series, the comics also reference characters from Highlander III: The Last Dimension. The 13-issue Highlander comic series published from 2006 to 2007 follow Connor on an adventure he experiences after the events of the first movie. Connor is the star of two mini-series that each act as a prequels to the original film: Highlander: The Way of the Sword and Highlander: The American Dream. He appears in the mini-series Highlander Origins: The Kurgan.
In its three largest cemeteries, Alexandria (39 individuals), Igren (17) and Dereivka (14), evidence of inhumation in flat graves (ground level pits) has been found.The Journal of Indo-European studies, Vol 18, p. 18 This parallels the practise of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, and is in contrast with the later Yamna culture, which practiced tumuli burials, according to the Kurgan hypothesis. In Sredny Stog culture, the deceased were laid to rest on their backs with the legs flexed.
Over his career he received numerous awards and honours. He was presented with the Order of Honour by the Russian Federation, while his Soviet awards included the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the Medal "For Battle Merit". He was also given the title of , Honorary Citizen of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of Kurgan in 2000, and . He had retired with the military rank of major general.
Later, in 2000, Don Coles' Kurgan won the Trillium Book Award. Most recently, a collection of short stories by Ian Colford entitled Evidence won the Margaret & John Savage First Book Award, was shortlisted for the Thomas H. Raddall Atlantic Fiction Prize and was furthermore shortlisted for the Danuta Gleed Literary Award. Evidence was also presented a silver medal by the Independent Publisher (IPPY). Sailor Girl by Sheree-Lee Olson, also published by The Porcupine's Quill, won the bronze medal.
Other speculations as to the reasons for violence between settlements include vengeance, conflicts over land, resources, poaching, demonstration of superiority, and kidnapping slaves.Golitko & Keeley 2007 Some of these theories related to the lack of resources are supported by the discovery that various LBK fortifications bordering indigenously inhabited areas appear to have not been in use for very long.Golitko & Keeley 2007 Map diagramming the expansion of Kurgan Culture across Europe. The migrations started in approximately 4000 BC.
A large kurgan site from the 3rd century BC was located and investigated in Piórkowo in Braniewo County. The dead were cremated and the ashes placed in urns. They built small fortified settlements at naturally suitable places, such as hilltops, and characteristically, within shallow bodies of water, which involved sinking logs and special pile construction. Underwater exploration allowed a conceptual reconstruction of such settlement (3rd–2nd century BC) on Orzysz Lake near Orzysz in Pisz County.
Yevstigneyev was born into a Russian peasant family on in the village of Khokhly, Chelyabinsky Uyezd, Orenburg Governorate, in what is now the Shumikhinsky District of Kurgan Oblast, in Russia's trans- Urals. He completed seven grades of schooling in 1935 before moving on to vocational school. He trained as a fitter-turner and upon graduation in 1936 moved to work at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, where he joined the local aeroclub which he graduated from in 1938.
Russia has a number of factories for destruction of its chemical weapons arsenal: Gorny in Saratov Oblast, Kambarka in Udmurtia, Leonidovka Penza Oblast, Maradykovsky in Kirov Oblast, Shchuchye in Kurgan Oblast and the latest one Pochep in the Bryansk Oblast 70 km from the border with Ukraine, built with funds from Italy in accordance with the agreement signed between the two countries. The last Russian chemical disposal facility in Kizner, Udmurtia, was opened on December 2013.
Although there are disparities in the wealth of the grave goods, there seems to be no special marker for the chief. This deficit does not exclude the possibility of a chief. In the later kurgans, one finds that the kurgan is exclusively reserved for a chief and his retinue, with ordinary people excluded. This development suggests a growing disparity of wealth, which in turn implies a growth in the wealth of the whole community and an increase in population.
The company's main products are the well-known BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles, which are in service in 29 countries. The company also produces a wide range of civil products, such as small-sized tractors, municipal construction machines and automobile trailers, among others. Kurganmashzavod JSC is the largest enterprise in the Kurgan Oblast. It is a large engineering complex, comprising 3 factories, 6 special plants and auxiliary workshops ensuring the complete production cycle.
Starting in 1979, he was leading excavations in the territory of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia (Adygea, Krasnodar Region, Karachay- Cherkessia, Abkhazia). Over 30 years he has thoroughly excavated the Klady kurgan burial complex near Novosvobodnaya in Adygea. Rezepkin contributed significantly to the study of settlements and burials of the early Bronze Age in the North Caucasus. In 1989 Rezepkin defended his Ph.D. thesis "Northwest Caucasus in the Early Bronze Age (based on burial sites of Novosvobodnaya type)".
Because of its numerous traits attributed to the early Indo-Europeans, like metal-use, horses and wheeled vehicles, and cultural relations with Kurgan steppe cultures, the Afanasevans are believed to have been Indo-European-speaking. Genetic studies have demonstrated a discontinuity between Afanasievo and the succeeding Siberian-originating Okunevo culture, as well as genetic differences between Afanasievo and the Tarim mummies. Numerous scholars have suggested that the Afanasevo culture was responsible for the introduction of metallurgy to China.
The capital of Qurghonteppa Oblast was the city of Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube), which is now the capital of Khatlon Province. The inhabitants of Qurghonteppa Oblast included migrant communities from elsewhere in Tajikistan, including Gharmis and Pamiris, that settled in the Vakhsh River valley. Qurghonteppa Oblast saw a great deal of violence during the first year of the civil war in Tajikistan. Many important figures in the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan originated from Qurghonteppa Oblast, including Sayid Abdulloh Nuri.
Detail from the Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome Detail of a 4th-century AD Roman mosaic showing two hunters wearing the dress of officers of the Late Roman army. Note the swastika emblem on the left-hand officer's tunic. From Piazza Armerina, Sicily According to the mainstream Kurgan hypothesis, the earliest Indo-Europeans were a nomadic steppe people, originating in the Eurasian steppes (southern Russia, northern Caucasus and central Asia). Their livelihood was based on horses and herding.
On 29 January 1943, Heitz ordered that "Whoever surrenders, will be shot! Whoever displays the white flag, will be shot! Whoever does not immediately deliver bread or sausages dropped by our pilots, will be shot!" As late as the 31 of January, German soldiers who attempted surrender were shot in the back on the basis of Heitz's orders. On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev Kurgan.
The southernmost known locality is Sicily, while the northernmost is in Kurgan Oblast, Russia, at latitude 54º30' N. Its range is vast, but the population is spread thinly, threatened by insecticide use and habitat destruction. Therefore, the species is considered vulnerable at a global scale. Saga pedo was reported as an accidental introduction from Europe into Tompkins Township, Jackson County, Michigan (USA) in 1970. In all, only six specimens were found from 1970 to 1972, during August and September.
Characteristic of the remaining bronze periods were the Urnfield cultures, in which skeletal burials were replaced by cremation throughout much of Europe. In Poland, the Lusatian culture settlements dominated the landscape for nearly a thousand years, continuing into the Early Iron Age. A series of Scythian invasions beginning in the 6th century BC, precipitated their demise. The Hallstatt Period D was a time of expansion for the Pomeranian culture, while the Western Baltic Kurgan culture dominated Poland's Masuria-Warmia region.
The Ghiordes knot (Turkish: Gördes düğümü) or Turkish knot is one of the two most-used knots employed in knotted-pile carpets. In the Ghiordes knot, the colored weft yarn passes over the two warp yarns, and is pulled through between them and then cut to form the pile. The Turkish knot has a symmetrical structure. The Ghiordes knot is the knot used in the oldest surviving pile carpets, the fragments found in Pazyryk kurgan burial mounds, in the Altai of Central Asia.
Inhumation practices are mixed. Flat graves are found but so are substantial kurgan burials, the latter of which may be surrounded by cromlechs. This points to a heterogeneous ethno-linguistic population (see section below). Analyzing the situation in the Kura-Araxes period, T.A. Akhundov notes the lack of unity in funerary monuments, which he considers more than strange in the framework of a single culture; for the funeral rites reflect the deep culture-forming foundations and are weakly influenced by external customs.
Alma-Ata Region, the predecessor of today's Almaty Region, was created from the historical region of Zhetysu on March 10, 1932. Its capital was Alma-Ata (Almaty). Several times during the Soviet period, the north- eastern part of the region, centered on Taldykorgan, was separated from Alma- Ata Region, forming a separate Taldy-Kurgan Region, only to be merged into Alma-Ata Region again several years later. In April 2001 the administrative center of Almaty Region was moved from Almaty to Taldykorgan.
Radiocarbon calibrated dates showed that the miners could have begun their quest for this place no later than the fourth to third millennium ВСЕ. Much was yielded from excavation of the burial of a youth [fig. 7] in the very center of the Kargaly mining field, a site occupied by the kurgan cemetery of Pershin. Included in the finds were a casting mould of an early type shaft- hole axe and a copper flat axe dated to the Early Bronze Age.
Alexander Viktorovich Solonik was born on 16 October 1960, in Kurgan, Soviet Union."The Life and Death of Russian Killer Number One", 24 Jan 2003, Pravda As a child he showed great interest in martial arts and firearms. When finishing school, Solonik was conscripted into the Soviet Army and was assigned to a tank regiment, a part of the group of Soviet forces in Germany. After his conscription ended, Solonik joined the OMON police agency and eventually received training at the Gorkovskiy Institute.
The Middle Urals is mostly hilly country with no discernible peaks; the mean elevation is closer to above sea level. Principal rivers include the Tavda, the Tura, the Chusovaya, and the Ufa, the latter two being tributaries of the Kama. Sverdlovsk Oblast borders with, clockwise from the west, Perm Krai, the Komi Republic, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Kurgan, and Chelyabinsk Oblasts, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The area is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Scholars have proposed multiple hypotheses about when, where, and by whom PIE was spoken. The Kurgan hypothesis, first put forward in 1956 by Marija Gimbutas, has become the most popular. It proposes that the original speakers of PIE were the Yamnaya culture associated with the kurgans (burial mounds) on the Pontic–Caspian steppe north of the Black Sea. According to the theory, they were nomadic pastoralists who domesticated the horse, which allowed them to migrate across Europe and Asia in wagons and chariots.
A tumulus, mound, kurgan, or long barrow covered important burials in many cultures, and the body may be placed in a sarcophagus, usually of stone, or a coffin, usually of wood. A mausoleum is a building erected mainly as a tomb, taking its name from the Mausoleum of Mausolus at Halicarnassus. Stele is a term for erect stones that are often what are now called gravestones. Ship burials are mostly found in coastal Europe, while chariot burials are found widely across Eurasia.
Kokshetau Park is developed, with 14 hiking trails (over 200 km), four bus excursion routes, and two water-routes (totaling 18 km). Many of the hiking trails run along sensitive wetlands next to wet pine and birch stands, and traffic is regulated by group and size. Tourist hotels are available nearby, and the park supports campsites and tourist support facilities. The more developed tourist routes and us routes visit archaeological sites, such as Kurgan burial mounds, recreational complexes, forests, waterfalls, and caves.
Dumitru Diacov (born February 10, 1952, Kargapolie, Kurgan Oblast, Russian SFSR) is a Moldovan politician, former President and Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, deputy in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in several consecutive terms since the year 2005 and formerly between 1994 and 2001. He was former chairman of the Democratic Party of Moldova (from 2000 to 2009).Structura Parlamentului > Deputaţii » Diacov Dumitru In 2009, he gives to Marian Lupu the function of party chairman.
More than 600 people were buried in the mass grave."Monuments of military glory of Matveevo-Kurgan district" brief tourist information on the tourist route; L.A.Esina; 2016 The locals respect the past of the Fatherland, the historical events of the Great Patriotic War, the history of the small homeland, care for the monuments and memorials of the dead soldiers, keep the traditions and pass them on to future generations. On Victory Day and other memorable days this monument is a place of worship.
Distribution of Kazakhs in Russia, 2010 In Russia, the Kazakh population lives in the regions bordering Kazakhstan. The 2010 Russian census recorded 647,732 Kazakhs living mostly in the Astrakhan Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Samara Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai regions. During the 1920s significant numbers of Kazakh families were left outside the designated Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic; after the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, they acquired Russian citizenship.
The Oseberg burial mound (Norwegian: Oseberghaugen ved Slagen from the Old Norse word haugr meaning kurgan mound or barrow) contained two female human skeletons as well as a considerable quantity of grave goods. The ship's interment into its burial mound dates from AD 834, but parts of the ship date from around 800, and the ship itself is thought to be older.Durham (2002:16). It was excavated by Norwegian archaeologist Haakon Shetelig and Swedish archaeologist Gabriel Gustafson in 1904–1905.
The primary archaeological context of horse sacrifice are burials, notably chariot burials, but graves with horse remains reach from the Eneolithic well into historical times. Herodotus describes the execution of horses at the burial of a Scythian king, and Iron Age kurgan graves known to contain horses number in the hundreds. The Scythians had some reverence for the stag, which is one of the most common motifs in their artwork, especially at funeral sites (see, for example, the Pazyryk burials).Loehr, Max.
According to the widely accepted Kurgan theory on the Proto-Indo-European homeland, however, the Hittites (along with the other Indo-European ancient Anatolians) were themselves relatively recent immigrants to Anatolia from the north. However, they did not necessarily displace the population genetically; they assimilated into the former peoples' culture, preserving the Hittite language. Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East during the 14th century BC The Hittites adopted the Mesopotamian cuneiform script. In the Late Bronze Age, Hittite New Kingdom (c.
One kurgan at Ulsky was found measured at 15 meters in height and contained more than 400 horses. Kurgans from the 7th century BC, when the Scythians were raiding the Near East, typically contain objects of Near Eastern origin. Kurgans from the late 7th century however, contain few Middle Eastern objects, but rather objects of Greek origin, pointing to increased contacts between the Scythians and Greek colonists. Important Early Scythian sites have also been found in the forest steppes of the Dnieper.
Scythian warriors, drawn after figures on an electrum cup from the Kul-Oba kurgan burial near Kerch, Crimea. The warrior on the right strings his bow, bracing it behind his knee; note the typical pointed hood, long jacket with fur or fleece trimming at the edges, decorated trousers, and short boots tied at the ankle. Scythians apparently wore their hair long and loose, and all adult men apparently bearded. The gorytos appears clearly on the left hip of the bare-headed spearman.
Connor meets forensics scientist Brenda Wyatt who uncovers his true nature. When the Kurgan and the Highlander are the last two immortals left alive, Brenda witnesses their final battle. Connor wins the Prize, becoming a mortal man who can have children and gaining the power to know the thoughts and dreams of all human beings. Returning to Scotland with Brenda, he is relieved that the Game is over and hopes to unite the world and help people reach greater understanding of each other.
The physical type of the Bodrogkeresztúr people was of the Mediterranean type, and is contrasted with the "Proto- Europoid" type prevalent on the Eurasian Steppe. In accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis, the Bodrogkeresztúr people are considered an "Indo-Europeanized" native culture whose structure was altered by invasions of Indo-European peoples from the east. Others have suggested that the Bodrogkeresztúr was natively Indo-European, and that it, along with the Sălcuţa culture of neighboring Bulgaria, migrated southwards and became the Proto-Greeks.
Kokand has existed since at least the 10th century, under the name of Khavakand, and was frequently mentioned in traveler's accounts of the caravan route between South Asia and East Asia. The Han Dynasty of China conquered the entire city in the 1st Century B.C. Later, the Arabs reconquered the region from Tang Empire. The Mongols destroyed Kokand in the 13th century. The present city began as a fort in 1732 on the site of another older fortress called Eski-Kurgan.
His first camp in Turkistan was sited at Katta-Kurgan, a frontier town with the Emirate of Bukhara near Samarkand. With a natural gift for languages he took on the role of interpreter, building on some Russian and a smattering of various oriental languages he had acquired before the war. On this basis he was able to become familiar with the peoples, places and conditions of the region over the eight years he remained there. Conditions in the camps were harsh however.
According to the most widely held hypothesis of the origin of the Indo-European languages, the Kurgan hypothesis, their common ancestor is thought to have originated on the Pontic-Caspian steppe. The Tocharians were an early Indo-European branch in the Tarim Basin. At the beginning of written history the entire steppe population west of Dzungaria spoke Iranian languages. From about 500 AD the Turkic languages replaced the Iranian languages first on the steppe, and later in the oases north of Iran.
Bone and metal pins used to fasten clothing in the Bronze Age Pins have been found at archaeological sites dating as early as the Paleolithic, made of bone and thorn, and at Neolithic, Celtic and Ancient Roman sites. Neolithic sites are rich in wooden pins, and are still common through Elizabethan times. Metal pins dating to the Bronze Age have been found in Asia, North Africa and Europe, like the notable hammer-headed pins from the Kurgan burials in the northeastern Caucasus.
This ancient bronze sword dates to around 3400 BC. It was found in a stone tomb near Novosvobodnaya, and is now on display in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. It was discovered in Kurgan 31, tomb 5 at the burial site Klady, which is attributed to the Maikop culture. This burial belongs to local Phase 3 at Klady, corresponding to the last Phase 4 of the Maikop culture. It has a total length of 63 cm and a hilt length of 11 cm.
The earliest example of an invasion by a horse people may have been by the Proto-Indo-Europeans themselves, following the domestication of the horse in the 4th millennium BCE (see Kurgan hypothesis). The Cimmerians were the first invading equestrian steppe nomads that are known from historical sources. Their military strength was always based on cavalry, usually marked by prowess as mounted archers. Historically, areas to the north of China including Manchuria, Mongolia and Xinjiang were inhabited by nomadic tribes.
The primary archaeological context of horse sacrifice are burials, notably chariot burials, but graves with horse remains reach from the Eneolithic well into historical times. Herodotus describes the execution of horses at the burial of a Scythian king, and Iron Age kurgan graves known to contain horses number in the hundreds. There are also frequent deposition of horses in burials in Iron Age India. The custom is by no means restricted to Indo-European populations, but is continued by Turkic tribes.
Gold Scythian pectoral, or neckpiece, from a royal kurgan in Pokrov, dated to the fourth century BC Neanderthal settlement in Ukraine is seen in the Molodova archaeological sites (43,000–45,000 BC) which include a mammoth bone dwelling. The territory is also considered to be the likely location for the human domestication of the horse.Matossian Shaping World History p. 43 Modern human settlement in Ukraine and its vicinity dates back to 32,000 BC, with evidence of the Gravettian culture in the Crimean Mountains.
The communist region in 1988-1990 was part of the Khatlon region of the Tajik SSR, in 1990-1992 it was again Kurgan-Tyubinskaya. Since March 12, 1992, the town of Oktyabrsk has been the center of the Bokhtar region (renamed from the Communist) within the Khatlon region of Tajikistan. In 1998, the village of Oktyabrsk was renamed into the village of Ismoili Somoni [3]. Since January 20, 2018, Ismoili Somoni village is the center of the Kushoniyon district (renamed from Bokhtar).
A novelization of the film was written by Garry Kilworth under the pen name "Garry Douglas." It expanded the events of the movie by revealing details such as Heather finding out about Connor's immortality from Ramírez, the Kurgan's First Death, and the villain's training with an Arabian immortal known as "The Bedouin" (whom he eventually kills). The novel depicts the Kurgan battling and defeating an immortal Mongol warrior soon before meeting MacLeod in 1536. Another scene reveals how he acquires his customized broadsword.
Early Indo-European languages are usually assumed to have reached Europe in the Chalcolithic or early Bronze Age, with the Yamnaya, Corded Ware or Beaker cultures (see also Kurgan hypothesis for related discussions). The Anatolian hypothesis postulates arrival of Indo-European languages with the early Neolithic. Old European hydronymy is taken by Hans Krahe to be the oldest reflection of the early presence of Indo-European in Europe. Theories of "Pre-Indo-European" languages in Europe are built on scant evidence.
Khabarov and his then-girlfriend (now wife) Tonya Khabarov was born to a military family in Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast, on 8 May 1947. His father, Vasily Khabarov, was a Red Army officer and World War II veteran who died from battle injuries soon after Khabarov was born. His mother moved to Nizhny Tagil, where Khabarov successfully finished evening school and then vocational school, having received a work qualification. He then worked for a year as an excavator operator in the Tagil industrial area.
Archaeological discoveries show that the first people settled on the territory of the present Bialystok already in the Stone Age. Tombs of ancient settlers found in the district Pieczurki, Dojlidy and in some other parts of the city. In the early Iron Age a mix of Prussians, Yotvingians and population Wielbark culture, after which the remaining kurgan – probably the tombs of the chiefs in the area in the village Rostołty. Since then, the Białystok area has been at the crossroads of cultures.
Vinnie Jones and Ray Stevenson were rumored to be considered for the role of The Kurgan. In June 2012, Ryan Reynolds was confirmed to play Connor MacLeod. However, in December 2012, Fresnadillo left the project due to creative differences and on June 17, 2013, Reynolds also dropped out of the film.Ryan Reynolds Exits 'Highlander' Reboot at Summit (Exclusive) On June 28, 2013, it was announced that Highlander: The Series writer and executive producer David Abramowitz would polish the film's script.
Ivanovovsky reported that Tarbagatai Torgouts (Kalmyks) revered kurgan obelisks in their country as images of their ancestors, and that when a bowl was held by the statue, it was to deposit a part of the ashes after the cremation of the deceased, and another part was laid under the base of the statue.Ivanovovsky, Congres internationale d'Archeologie prehistorique, (Moscow, 1892), vol. 1. When used architecturally, stelae could act as a system of stone fences, frequently surrounded by a moat, with sacrificial hearths, sometimes tiled on the inside.
Typical grave goods of the Suvorovo culture include ceramics both the Gumelnița–Karanovo culture and the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, and shell-tempered wares that are typical of the steppe. The Suvorovo kurgans are the earliest ones to appear in Southeast Europe. Its features are characteristic of cultures on the steppes and forest- steppes further east in Ukraine and southern Russia. In accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis, the Suvorovo culture is evidence of a westward expansion of early Indo-European peoples from their homeland on the steppe.
Kurgan stelae near the museum In 1999 professor Anatoliy Fomenko donated to the museum his "Shevchenkoviana" collection,Абрамова Т. Дарунок до двох ювілеїв // Наше місто. — 1999. — 5 берез. that consisted of nearly 2000 objects, including 230 books with Taras Shevchenko's writings, critical editions about the poet's life and works, a great deal of postcards, that depict Shevchenko's self-portraits, reproductions of his pictorial and graphic art, as well as postcards created to illustrate his poems, postcards that portray poet's monuments and places where he lived etc.
The 304th re-entered the battle at 0700 hrs. on December 2. A reconnaissance group of 27th Guards had found a small gap in the German lines the day before, and the two divisions were tasked to exploit it. The attack, supported by 12 tanks plus antitank guns of the 52nd Tank Destroyer Regiment, against the German 131st Regiment of 44th Infantry Division defending Hill 124.5 (Chernyi Kurgan), advanced several hundred metres after a full day of intense fighting, but fell short of taking the hill.
A text was found on a silver bowl in Issyk kurgan, dated approximately VI BC. The context of the burial gifts indicates that it may belong to Saka tribes. The Issyk inscription is not yet certainly deciphered, and is probably in a Scythian dialect, constituting one of very few autochthonous epigraphic traces of that language. Harmatta (1999), using the Kharoṣṭhī script, identifies the language as Khotanese Saka dialect spoken by the Kushans.Ahmet Kanlidere, in: M. Ocak, H. C. Güzel, C. Oğuz, O. Karatay: The Turks: Early ages.
Sergei Ilyich Shemetov (; 18 September 1872, Orenburg Governorate — after 1930, Kurgan Oblast) was a scribe, a teacher, a head of a village (stanytsia otaman), a deputy of the Third Imperial Duma from Orenburg Governorate between 1907 and 1912. He founded a hotel ("paid dacha") in 1912, initiating the spa practice in the Trans-Urals region. He became a member of the "commission for the capture of the Bolsheviks" during the Russian Civil War; during Soviet era he became a lishenets, an insurance agent and a seller.
The Slavic (Veneti) name Kopnik means a place at which some kind of digging related to irrigating, building, mining, also building a kopiec (kurhan, kurgan, tumulus, barrow, mound) is being performed. Kopanica means an area belonging to or surrounding the place of Kopnik. Kopa is the name often used for mountains, also the original Vindelici name for the main mountain massive hosting kopalnie (mines) of the Hallstatt culture. Branibor means the protecting forest/woods and is still used for this area by the Czechs.
83 Arena was also mounted on the BMP-3M modernization package, developed by the Kurganmashzavod Joint Stock Company, although the package has received no export orders.Janes Armour & Artillery, Kurgan BMP-3M infantry fighting vehicle upgrade (Russian Federation), Armoured personnel carriers (tracked), Janes, accessed 22 December 2008 An export variant, named Arena-E (Арена-Э), is available, worth an estimated $300,000. According to Russia, it was selected to be used on the South Korean K2 main battle tank, although this was not confirmed by South Korea.
Objects of Early Scythian type have been found in Urartian fortresses such as Teishebaini, Bastam and Ayanis-kale. Near Eastern influences are probably explained through objects made by Near Eastern craftsmen on behalf of Scythian chieftains. An arm from the throne of a Scythian king, 7th century BC. Found at the Kerkemess kurgan, Krasnodar Krai in 1905. On exhibit at the Hermitage Museum Early Scythian culture is known primarily from its funerary sites, because the Scythians at this time were nomads without permanent settlements.
The inclusion of animals in the grave is seen as an intrusive cultural element by Marija Gimbutas. The practice of suttee, hypothesized by Gimbutas is also seen as a highly intrusive cultural element. The supporters of the Kurgan hypothesis point to these distinctive burial practices and state this may represent one of the earliest migrations of Indo-Europeans into Central Europe. In this context and given its area of occupation, this culture has been claimed as the underlying culture of a Germanic-Baltic-Slavic continuum.
Mummy of the Siberian Ice Maiden The Siberian Ice Maiden, also known as the Princess of Ukok (), the Altai Princess (), Devochka and Ochy-bala (, the heroine of the Altaic epic), is a mummy of a woman from the 5th century BC, found in 1993 in a kurgan of the Pazyryk culture in Republic of Altai, Russia. It was among the most significant Russian archaeological findings of the late 20th century. In 2012 she was moved to a special mausoleum at the Republican National Museum in Gorno-Altaisk.
In 1956 Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994) first proposed the Kurgan hypothesis. The name originates from the kurgans (burial mounds) of the Eurasian steppes. The hypothesis suggests that the Indo-Europeans, a nomadic culture of the Pontic-Caspian steppe (now part of Eastern Ukraine and Southern Russia), expanded in several waves during the 3rd millennium BC. Their expansion coincided with the taming of the horse. Leaving archaeological signs of their presence (see battle-axe people), they subjugated the peaceful European neolithic farmers of Gimbutas' Old Europe.
Shortly after his return to the Soviet Union he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1955 he was promoted to assistant commander of flight and tactical training in his regiment, and in April 1958 he became the deputy flight commander. He then became the head of the Kurgan DOSAAF aeroclub before retiring with the rank lieutenant colonel in 1960. He lived in Sumy where he worked with the Sumy Regional Committee of DOSAAF before he died on 22 February 1992.
In the Far East and Siberia in the morning before the Moscow rally pickets of solidarity with Moscow took place: Khabarovsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk. Pickets also took place in many large cities in central Russia: St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Ufa, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Perm, Krasnodar, Orenburg, Belgorod, Cheboksary, Izhevsk, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kurgan, Syktyvkar, Murmansk, and some other. 79 people in St. Petersburg, 13 in Rostov-on-Don, 2 in Bryansk and 2 in Syktyvkar were detained.
In either 1848 or 1853 or 1855 Raimsk was abandoned and Fort Aralsk moved upriver to Fort Number One, or Kazalinsk. Further upriver were forts No. 2 and 3 which were the old Kokandi forts of Karmaktschy and Kumish-Kurgan. Fort Aralsk was used to launch ships to map the Aral Sea and as a base to attack Ak Mechet.This section from ‘An Indian Officer’, Russia’s March towards India,1894, page 160 and Hugo Stumm,The Russian Campaign against Khiva in 1873,1876, pages 29 and 229.
This culture replaced the Dnieper-Donets culture, and migrated towards the Northwest to the Baltic and Denmark, where they mixed with natives (TRBK A and C). This may be correlated with the linguistic fact of the spread of Indo- European languages; see Kurgan hypothesis. Near the end of the period, another branch would leave many traces in the lower Danube area (culture of Cernavodă culture I), in what seems to be another invasion. Double spiral pin, c. 5000 BCE Reconstruction of Ötzi's copper axe.
After Duncan discovers he is immortal, Connor finds him and trains him before going his separate way. The season two premiere episode "The Watchers" confirms Connor's battle with the Kurgan still happened in 1985 in the canon of the show, but the Prize was not won because there were still several living immortals in this version of events, including Duncan. Lambert did not appear in any other episode, but he and Duncan meet again in the movie Highlander: Endgame. Highlander: The Animated Series aired 1994 to 1996.
Herman Travnikov (Russian: Герман Алексеевич Травников; born December 15, 1937 in Mekhonskoye village, Kargapolsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia (now Shatrovskoye District of Kurgan Oblast)) - Soviet and Russian artist having the highest title of the Russian Federation in the field of fine art «People's Artist of the Russian Federation» since 2007. He has a wide range of works. Working in oil, watercolor and tempera paintings, Herman Travnikov refers to different genres - from common to animalistic. Above all he is known for his watercolor landscapes and portraits.
After three months of slow advance, the Germans finally reached the river banks, capturing 90% of the ruined city and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets. Ice floes on the Volga now prevented boats and tugs from supplying the Soviet defenders. Nevertheless, the fighting continued, especially on the slopes of Mamayev Kurgan and inside the factory area in the northern part of the city.Battle for Stalingrad: the 1943 Soviet General Staff study. (1990). Choice Reviews Online, 27(05), pp.27-2848-27-2848.
The Highlander comic book series from Dynamite Entertainment, featuring the creative team of Brandon Jerwa, Michael Avon Oeming (Red Sonja) and artist Lee Moder. The series followed Connor MacLeod after his battle with the Kurgan in New York, adopting the TV-series idea that this wasn't the final battle for the Prize because many immortals still existed on Earth. It was followed by two mini-series acting as prequels to the original film and a mini-series explaining the Kurgan's past before meeting Connor MacLeod.
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 13 in B-flat minor, Op. 138, was first conceived in 1969, and completed in 1970 as Shostakovich was undergoing treatment at an orthopedic clinic in Kurgan. The work consists of one movement: Playing time is approximately 19 minutes. The piece was dedicated to Vadim Borisovsky, violist of the Beethoven Quartet, and the viola is accordingly given a prominent role in the piece. The quartet opens with a twelve-tone row played on the viola, and concludes with a long viola solo in the high register.
Spanning more than three millennia, they are clearly the product of various cultures. The earliest are associated with the Pit Grave culture of the Pontic-Caspian steppe (and therefore with the Proto-Indo- Europeans according to the mainstream Kurgan hypothesisDavid W. Anthony, The Horse, The Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World (2007).). The Iron Age specimens are identified with the Scythians and medieval examples with Turkic peoples. Such stelae are found in large numbers in Southern Russia, Ukraine, Prussia, southern Siberia, Central Asia, Turkey and Mongolia.
The Elunin culture (Russian: Eлунинская культура) is an indigenous Bronze Age culture of animal breeders in the steppe and forest-steppe area of the Ob- Irtysh rivers of Altai foothill-plain zone in Siberia, developed from the local Bolshemys Eneolithic culture, dated around 2300–1700 BCE.Grushin S.P., Pottery Industry of Elunino Culture Population The monuments of this early and advanced bronze-producing culture number more than 50 settlements and cemeteries. Burial complexes include ground (non-kurgan) burial sites of Elunin, Staroaley, Tsygan Sopka, Wolf Cape, etc. The culture was named after the Elunin cemetery.
Neolithic stone-axe from Sweden The North European hypothesis was a linguistic and archaeological theory that tried to explain the spread of the Indo- European languages in Eurasia from an original homeland (Urheimat) located in southern Scandinavia or in the North German Plain. This hypothesis, advanced by Karl Penka, Hermann Hirt, Gustaf Kossinna and others, had some success in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, being endorsed by National Socialism, but is today considered outdated by the majority of the academics, who tend to favor the Kurgan hypothesis.
Yekaterinburg railway station Yekaterinburg is a major railway junction. In the Yekaterinburg node, 7 main lines converge (to Perm, Tyumen, Kazan, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Tavda). The Sverdlovsk Railway Administration is located in the city, which serves trains on the territory of the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions, the Perm Territory, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, as well as parts of the Omsk Region, and there is a single road traffic control centre. The Perm–Yekaterinburg–Tyumen section is now part of the main route of the Trans- Siberian Railway.
Such attempts at recovering a sense of historical depth in PIE have been combined with efforts towards linking the history of the language with archaeology, notably with the Kurgan hypothesis. J. P. Mallory's 1989 In Search of the Indo-Europeans and 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture gives an overview of this. Purely linguistic research was bolstered by attempts to reconstruct the culture and mythology of the Proto-Indo-Europeans by scholars such as Georges Dumézil, as well as by archaeology (e. g. Marija Gimbutas, Colin Renfrew) and genetics (e. g.
Shekhtman was replaced by Anisimov on December 5, who would be promoted to the rank of major general on January 27, 1943. On December 6 and 7 the German counterattacks continued, and the 252nd was directed north to back up the 24th Division on Chernyi Kurgan. During the month the division came under command of the 21st Army. While there were no further major offensive operations during the month, local attacks by the 252nd and several other divisions caused heavy losses to the 44th and 376th Infantry Divisions on December 28 and 29.
Kipchak "balbal" in Dnipro The most typical and notable feature of Kimak-Kipchak and Cuman culture are the kurgan stelae or balbals, erected at sanctuaries with square fencing of rough stone and gravel. In the 6th through 9th centuries similar sanctuaries with statues of deceased ancestors were built by the Göktürks and Uyghurs. After destruction of the Göktürk and Uyghur Kaganates, Kipchaks and Cumans were one of the few Turkic peoples who preserved this tradition. Cumans and Kipchaks continued the tradition until the loss of their political independence.
The archaeological part posits an "Urheimat" on the Pontic steppes, which developed after the introduction of cattle on the steppes around 5,200 BCE. This introduction marked the change from foragist to pastoralist cultures, and the development of a hierarchical social system with chieftains, patron-client systems, and the exchange of goods and gifts. The oldest nucleus may have been the Samara culture (late 6th and early 5th millennium BCE), at a bend in the Volga. A wider "horizon" developed, called the Kurgan culture by Marija Gimbutas in the 1950s.
Tashkent, 2000 In 1859 the Russians occupied Fort Julek, which according to Russian governor-general of Orenburg, was to protect Fort Perovski; In 1861 they rebuilt the fortress and demolished the Yani Kurgan fortress. As Kokand gradually expanded their dominion North into the area occupied by Kazakhs subject and to Tokmak, and others that had already occupied, relations with Russia further deteriorated into an all out war. Dissatisfaction with high taxes and Alimqul's hostility towards the population of Kokand led to Mallakhan's overthrow and replacement by Shah Murad Khan.
"Baltic Deputy" (1937), with deep historical and psychological truth, great artistic power, showed how great Russian scientist Professor Polezhayev (referring to Kliment Timiryazev, starring Nikolay Cherkasov) joined October revolution. A significant piece of cinema became "Member of the Government" (1939), film centered on the image of a Russian peasant woman (starring Vera Maretskaya), who took the difficult path from a farmhand to a deputy of the Supreme Soviet. Together with Zarkhi he set such films as "His name is Sukhebaator" (1942), "Malakhov Kurgan" (1944), the documentary "The defeat of Japan" (1945).
The most dramatic objects of Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy's funeral inventory are the textiles, of local, Chinese and Bactrian origin. The art objects show that Xiongnu craftsmen used the Scythian "animal" style. A surviving portrait shows a low nose bridge, eyes with epicanthic fold, long wavy hair, divided in the middle, and a braid tied visibly and falling from the tip of the head over the right ear. Such braids were found in other kurgan tombs in the Noin Ula cemetery, they were braided from horsehair, and kept in special cases.
On January 25, 2006, in Voronezh, Osipenko attacked 15-year-old Anna Pobedinskaya, who was returning from school, raping and then killing her. On March 6, 2006, in Rossosh, he raped and killed 13-year-old Yulia Yatskaya, who lived in the same neighborhood as Berezhnaya. There was a witness who saw Osipenko on the day of Yatskaya's murder, drawing attention to his short height of 167 cm. The maniac planned to leave for Kazakhstan, but on April 6, 2006, he was detained at a railway station in the Kurgan Oblast.
This triple division of classes among the same Muslim Turkic folk also existed in Transoxiana, regardless whether they were under Timurid or Chagatay. The Eastern Chagatai Khanate was marked by instability and internecine warfare kingdoms, with Kashgar, Yarkant and Qomul as major centers. Some Chagatay princes allied with the Timurids and Uzbeks of Transoxiana, and some sought help from the Buddhist Kalmyks. The Chagatay prince Mirza Haidar Kurgan escaped his war-torn homeland Kashgar in the early 16th century to Timurid Tashkent, only to be evicted by the invading Shaybanids.
Pazyryk is the name given by modern scholars to an ancient people who lived in the Altai Mountains on this plateau who are associated with some spectacular archeological findings, including mummies found frozen in the permafrost. Many ancient Bronze Age tomb mounds have been found in the area and have been associated with the Pazyryk culture which closely resembled that of the legendary Scythian people to the west. The term kurgan is in general usage to describe such log-barrow burials. Excavations of this site have continued to yield notable archaeological finds.
Situated in eastern Scythia just north of Sogdiana, the kurgan contained a skeleton, warrior's equipment, and assorted funerary goods, including 4,000 gold ornaments. Although the sex of the skeleton is uncertain, it may have been an 18-year-old Saka (Scythian) prince or princess. The richness of the burial items led the skeleton to be dubbed the "golden man" or "golden princess", with the "golden man" subsequently being adopted as one of the symbols of modern Kazakhstan. A likeness crowns the Independence Monument on the central square of Almaty.
The artifacts from Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages are represented particularly by over 230 burials in the vicinity of Lankaran. As a result of surveys and excavations, that began in Mingachevir in 1935, rich archeological evidence from the end of Eneolithic Period to the Late Middle Ages was revealed and more than 20,000 objects have been found. In 2006 a French–Azerbaijani team discovered nine kurgans at the cemetery of Soyuqbulaq. It was dated to the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, which makes it the oldest kurgan cemetery in Transcaucasia.
Modern conflicts include the Battle of Bunker Hill (which was actually fought on Breed's Hill) in the American War of Independence and Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill in the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War. The Battle of San Juan Hill in the Spanish–American War won Americans control of Santiago. The Battle of Alesia was also fought from a hilltop fort. Fighting on Mamayev Kurgan during the Battle of Stalingrad and the Umurbrogol Pocket in the Battle of Peleliu were also examples of bloody fighting for high ground.
In 1942, Bultrikova began her career as the head teacher of Lepsinsky High School in the Taldy-Kurgan Oblast, while still in school. After a few months, she was transferred to Almaty high school №12, where she would become the school's director. In 1949, Bultrikova was elected as chair of the Primary and Secondary School Worker's Union of the Central Committee of the Kazakh Communist Party. Serving in the post until 1955, the following year she became the Minister of Social Security for the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.
The English and French forces at this time were unable to take the field for lack of equipment. French zouaves and Russian soldiers engaged in hand-to-hand combat at Malakhov Kurgan In the west, the Russians were dissuaded from attacking Vidin by the presence of the Austrian forces, which had swelled to 280,000 men. On 28 May 1854 a protocol of the Vienna Conference was signed by Austria and Russia. One of the aims of the Russian advance had been to encourage the Orthodox Christian Serbs and Bulgarians living under Ottoman rule to rebel.
Lunina's research covers the problems of the history of the eastern medieval city, the dynamics of its historical topography, the periodisation of the history of the development of craft production, the specialisation of craftsmanship, construction techniques, trade and cultural links both within the Central Asian region and in nearby and remote regions. She has published more than 150 scientific articles. Lunina participated in excavations at Merv in the early sixties. She later organised expeditions in the Tashkent area (including Nogai-Kurgan, Kugaittepa, and Mingtepa cemetery) and in southern Turkmenistan.
Many BMAC strongholds continued to be occupied and Tazabagyab-Andronovo coarse incised pottery occurs within them (along with the previous BMAC pottery) as well as in pastoral camps outside the mudbrick walls. In the highlands above the Bactrian oases in Tajikistan, kurgan cemeteries of the Vaksh and Bishkent type appeared with pottery that mixed elements of the late BMAC and Tazabagyab-Andronovo traditions.David Anthony, The Horse, the Wheel and Language (2007), pp.452–56. In southern Bactrian sites like Sappali Tepe too, increasing links with the Andronovo culture are seen.
A panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad is on display at Mamayev Kurgan. Among Franz Roubaud's great panoramas, those depicting the Siege of Sevastopol (1905) and Battle of Borodino (1911) survive, although the former was damaged during the Siege of Sevastopol (1942) and the latter was transferred to Poklonnaya Gora. The Pleven Panorama in Pleven, Bulgaria, depicts the events of the Siege of Plevna in 1877 on a 115×15-metre canvas with a 12-meter foreground. Five large panoramas survive in North America: the Cyclorama of Jerusalem (a.k.a.
Inductive learning had been divided into two types: decision tree (DT) and covering algorithms (CA). DTs discover rules using decision tree based on the concept of divide-and-conquer, while CA directly induces rules from the training set based on the concept of separate and conquers. Although DT algorithms was well recognized in the past few decades, CA started to attract the attention due to its direct rule induction property, as emphasized by Kurgan et al. [1]. Under this type of inductive learning approach, several families have been developed and improved.
The site of Tanais was occupied long before the Milesians founded an emporium there. A necropolis of over 300 burial kurgans near the ancient city shows that the site had already been occupied since the Bronze Age, and that kurgan burials continued through Greek and into even Roman times. The Tanais (Don) River, the Greek colony of the same name and other Greek colonies along the north coast of the Black Sea. Greek traders seem to have been meeting nomads in the district as early as the 7th century BC without a formal, permanent settlement.
The next year he was drafted into the army, and in 1944 Akishev was badly wounded in his right arm, demobilized for disability, and returned to Alma-Ata. His arm was disabled for life. In 1945 Akishev continued his education in the Kazan University, and completed his doctorate in Leningrad Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences Archeological Institute. From 1954 he headed a series of archeological expeditions, among which were excavations of the Otrar city, Saka pyramids in Besshatyr, and Issyk kurgan, which brought him into international prominence.
In May 2009, Russia announced the opening of a major facility to decommission its chemical weapons reserves. Built near vast reserves of ex-Soviet weaponry at Shchuchye, Kurgan Oblast, in the Ural Mountains, the site is expected to destroy some 5,500 tons of chemical agents, including Sarin and VX. About one-third of the funding to build the plant, roughly $1 billion, was provided by CTR. In 2012, Russia declared that they would not extend the agreement."Russia Will Not Renew Arms Deal With US." by VOA News, 11 October 2012.
In game screenshot Highlander is an arcade fighting game, in which the player controls one of two swordsmen. In the single-player mode the player plays as Connor MacLeod and must fight three opponents in one- on-one combat: his mentor Ramírez, then Fizir (named Fasil in the film), before finally facing The Kurgen (named The Kurgan in the film). In each fight the objective is to reduce the opponent's health to zero, at which point he is decapitated and the player wins the fight. A two-player mode is also available.
The height of the monument is 7 meters. The Memorial is made of concrete, ring casting. Different episodes of the Great Patriotic War are depicted on the right and left of the soldier's sculpture: the family is seeing off the fighter to the front, the mother is mourning her son, the soldiers are going to attack, a meeting of soldiers- winners with civilians, Victory Day, the Order of Victory. The names of the natives of Matveev Kurgan who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War are immortalized on the granite plates.
Connor appears in the TV-series tie-in novel Highlander: The Element of Fire by Jason Henderson, published in 1995. Along with exploring the friendship between the two Highlanders and Duncan's training period, the book introduces an immortal pirate Khordas who haunts them both. Connor MacLeod is the lead character of Highlander comic books published by Dynamite Comics. Like the live-action TV series, the Dynamite Comics continuity treats the first film as canon but revises the battle with Kurgan to not be the final battle for the Prize.
Highlander: Way of the Sword, published by Dynamite Entertainment, further expands on Kurgan's life and gives him more encounters with Connor. In 476 BC, allying himself with the Persians as part of a special fighting unit, Kurgan took part in the Battle of Plataea in ancient Greece. During the battle, he faced off with a Spartan warrior who wielded a katana made by the master swordsmith Masamune, strong enough to shatter Kurgan's blade. He escaped by falling down a cliff, and was borne away by the flow of the battle.
In deference to the work of Rudenko and his anthropological usage, what was found is now said to belong to the Pazyryk Culture which flourished between the 7th and 3rd centuries BC. Herodotus and other ancient writers referred to the Altay as "the golden mountain". It was there that the impregnable citadel of the Scythians (or Sacae) lay hidden for centuries. Rudenko, however, was cautious enough not to assign his findings to the Scythians. He attributed the kurgan finds to the formidable Iron Age horsemen and warriors, whom he dubbed the "Pazyryks".
Kostanay Region is adjacent to the Russian federal subjects Orenburg Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, and is near the Ural Mountains. It also touches four other Kazakh regions: Aktobe Region to the southwest, Karaganda Region to the south, Akmola Region to the southeast, and North Kazakhstan Region to the northeast. The Tobol (Tobyl) River, a tributary of the Irtysh River, starts in and flows through the region on its way to Russia. Kostanay Region's area is 197,000 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest of the Kazakh regions.
Kostanay Region has steady automobile outputs in all next regions and the regional centers. The Extent of general-purpose highways makes 9133 km, republican value - 1401 km and local - 7732 km. On territory of area pass from the north on the south and a southeast the main transit roads connecting the regional center with cities of Kazakhstan: Nur-Sultan, Almaty and adjoining areas; Urals: Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Troitsk, Ekaterinburg; Western Siberia: Kurgan, Tyumen. Operation length of railways of general purpose, which are taking place on territory of the region, is equal to 1048 km.
The program was established as an alternative to the incineration process successfully used by the Army Chemical Materials Agency, which completed its stockpile destruction activities in March 2012. The Blue Grass Pilot Plant has been plagued by repeated cost over-runs and schedule slippages since its inception. In Russia, the U.S. is providing support for these destruction activities with the Nunn-Lugar Global Cooperation Initiative. The Initiative has been able to convert a former chemical weapons depot at Shchuchye, Kurgan Oblast, into a facility to destroy those chemical weapons.
Commemorative coin When forces of the German Sixth Army launched their attack against the city centre of Stalingrad on 13 September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan (appearing in military maps as "Height 102.0") saw particularly fierce fighting between the German attackers and the defending soldiers of the Soviet 62nd Army. Control of the hill became vitally important, as it offered control over the city. To defend it, the Soviets had built strong defensive lines on the slopes of the hill, composed of trenches, barbed-wire and minefields. The Germans pushed forward against the hill, taking heavy casualties.
Ukert (1849), p. 35. Famous medieval traveller John Mandeville mentions them in his book: Medieval and Renaissance authors credit the Amazons with the invention of the battle-axe. This is probably related to the sagaris, an axe-like weapon associated with both Amazons and Scythian tribes by Greek authors (see also Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo kurgan). Paulus Hector Mair expresses astonishment that such a "manly weapon" should have been invented by a "tribe of women", but he accepts the attribution out of respect for his authority, Johannes Aventinus.
In 1916 Krist escaped Katta-Kurgan to Tabriz in Persia, but was unable to return to Austria due to conditions in Kurdistan and British control of south Persia. En route he had been recaptured but jumped a prison-train and made his way via Merv, northern Afghanistan and Meshed to Tabrizp. 167, Krist, Gustav, Prisoner in the Forbidden Land, Faber and Faber, 1938. As Tabriz was a principal centre for Persian carpet production and trade there he began trading in wool and carpets around Persia for a native Iranian.
Norsca is isomorphic in position within the "Old World" to Scandinavia, and similar in shape and climate. Its human occupants, the "Norse", were based on historical Vikings (though as the setting developed the Norse departed from the historical template increasingly). Norsca abuts the Realm of Chaos (also called Shadowlands by Norse, Kurgans and Hung and known as Chaos Wastes) to its north. To its south beyond the Sea of Claws lies the Empire and to the east and Southeast the Eastern Steppes and Kurgan nation and the kingdom of Kislev, respectively.
Yamnaya culture grave, Volgograd Oblast The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans (PIE) in the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas. It is the strongest candidate for the Urheimat (original homeland) of the Proto-Indo-European language, along with the preceding Sredny Stog culture, now that archaeological evidence of the culture and its migrations has been closely tied to the evidence from linguistics and genetics. Significantly, there were animal grave offerings,The animal grave offerings made were cattle, sheep, goats and horses. a feature associated with Proto-Indo-Europeans.
Gritsevets was born on Barautsy, Minsk Governorate (in present-day Brest Region, Belarus) to a Belarusian peasant family before the formation of the Soviet Union. His family relocated to the village of Shumikha in the Kurgan Oblast in 1914 due to the start of the First World War. There, after completing his seventh grade of school in 1927, he began working at a railway station; but he soon moved to Zlatoust in Chelyabinsk to attend law school and work as a mechanic. He entered the military in 1931, and joined the communist party that year.
The Dnieper-Donets culture is situated in the area which in accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis has been suggested as the Proto-Indo-European homeland. It has been suggested that the Dnieper-Donets people were Pre–Indo-European- speakers who were absorbed by Proto-Indo-Europeans expanding westwards from steppe-lands further east. The Dnieper-Donets people almost certainly spoke a different language from the people of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture. The areas of the upper Dniester in which the Dnieper-Donets culture was situated have mostly Baltic river names.
By 16:00, the allies were converging on the Russian positions from all directions, with the Guards on the left overcoming the last Russian reserves on the Kurgan Hill, Codrington's men and the other Guards closing in on the great redoubt, and the 2nd Division pushing up the Sevastopol Road. With the French in command of the cliffs above the Alma, the battle clearly had been decided.Small, The Crimean War, pp. 51–54 The Russians fled in all directions, running down into the valley and away from the enemy.
Soma may have originated in the Andronovo culture.George Erdosy (2012), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Walter de Gruyter, p. 371. According to the Journal of Archaeological Science, in July 2020, scientists from South Ural State University studied two Late Bronze Age horses with the aid of radiocarbon dating from Kurgan 5 of the Novoilinovsky 2 cemetery in the Lisakovsk city in the Kostanay region. Researcher Igor Chechushkov, indicated that the Andronovites had an ability on horse riding several centuries earlier than many researchers had previously expected.
On 21 March, 53 new cases were confirmed in 18 federal subjects, including first cases in Kabardino-Balkaria (2 cases), Stavropol Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, and disputed Republic of Crimea (1 case each). On 22 March, 61 new cases were confirmed, including 54 in Moscow, 2 in Kirov Oblast, 1 case in Arkhangelsk Oblast, first cases in Udmurtia (2 cases), Bryansk Oblast, and Novgorod Oblast (1 case each). On 23 March, 71 new cases were confirmed, all of them in Moscow. President Putin visits coronavirus patients at Moscow hospital on 24 March.
He became an orphan at 12 age. He had to work hard and took part in the construction of the Turkestan-Siberian railway. Nurmolda Aldabergenov worked as an ordinary collective farmer in 1930–1933, in 1934 — as a supervisor, in 1935 — became the Chairman of the collective farm "Zhanatalap" of Taldy-Kurgan region. By that time, the collective farm consisted of 14 households and 28 able- bodied farmers, who had at their disposal two single-meshed plows, one cart, five cows, two camels, three horses and twenty sheep.
The famous gold stag shield plaque from Kostromskaya, 12.5 in/31.7 cm long, end 7th century BC Sketch plan of the kurgan burial Kostromskaya () is a rural locality (a stanitsa) in Mostovsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located at the footsteps of the Caucasus Mountains on the Psefir River (Fars' tributary, Kuban basin), southwest of the town of Labinsk. With a population estimated in the hundreds, it is very agrarian and rural in nature and has many mulberry trees. The roads in the village are mostly dirt or rocky. The landscape is very mountainous.
Zinaida Alexandrovna Krutikhovskaia was born on 16 October 1916 in the village of Kargopol in Kurgan Province in the Russian Empire. She graduated from the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute in 1938 and began working for the Institute of Geology prospecting for coal and iron ore in the Ural Mountains and the Ukraine. In the latter area, she participated in the discovery of major iron ore deposits near Kremenchuk, Ukraine. Krutikhovskaia began working at the Institute of Geophysics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and founded the magnetic prospecting laboratory there in 1961.
Highlander opened in Los Angeles on March 7, 1986. The film had an 116 minute running time in the United Kingdom and a 111 minute running time in the United States. Roughly eight minutes of footage was cut from the film for its U.S. theatrical release. Most of the cuts were sequences involving a specifically European brand of humor which the distributors thought American audiences would not find funny, such as Connor being repeatedly head-butted by one of his clansmen, the duelist shooting his assistant, and the Kurgan licking the priest's hand.
According to projections, the demands for uranium by the nuclear industry in Russia will grow by 1.7 times. The “TVEL Uranium” program was launched by TVEL Corporation to further develop uranium production up to 2010; an increase in ore mining to 4,300 t of uranium in 2010 was envisioned. Mining was being developed at the JSC Dalur enterprise in the Kurgan Oblast, which produced about 200 t of uranium in 2005. The enterprise planned to increase production by 15% to 20% annually to produce 1,000 t by 2010.
More than 30 kurgan burial complexes are identified within the Aldy-Bel culture. The culture is a continuation of the nomadic Pazyryk culture in the area of Altai Mountains in South Siberia. The monuments of the Aldy-Bel culture are synchronous and in many respects similar with those of the Mayemir culture in the Altai region and the Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan. The geographical spread covers the right bank of the Yenisei south of the Uyuk ridge, the Khemchik River, deep into the Sayan Canyon and the Western Sayan.
Other immortals can sense a pre-immortal. This makes them vulnerable to fully realized immortals who wish to steal their Quickening before they can realize their power and become trained fighters, just as the Kurgan tried to kill Connor MacLeod before the young Highlander knew his true nature. A First Death happening too early in life can be a hindrance. At one point in the TV series, a boy named Kenny is revealed to be an immortal who died at the age of 12, arresting him in that age physically even though his mind is still able to mature.
Paternal lineages R1a and R1b (and paternal haplogroup I) have been found in Yamnaya remains, as well as in remains from the preceding mesolithic (hunter gatherer) and Neolithic peoples of the Eastern European steppe. The subclade R1a1a (R-M17 or R-M198) is the R1a subclade most commonly associated with Indo-European speakers. Ornella Semino et al. propose a postglacial (Holocene) spread of the R1a R1a1 haplogroup from north of the Black Sea during the time of the Late Glacial Maximum, which was subsequently magnified by the expansion of the Kurgan culture into Europe and eastward.
Archeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age include Kultepe, Saribashtepe, Uchtepe, Shahtepe in Agjabadi, Gyshaltitepe, Qebristanliqtepe, Galatepe in Boyat village, Elashantepe in Gələbədin, kurgan barrows Gushtepe, Huseinbey and Gazantepe in Hindarx village, and Sumuklu-tepe in Cəfərbəyli village. Ancient living settlements have been discovered in Təzəkənd (5th-2nd millennia BC), Arazbar (1st millennium), Qiyaməddinli (1st millennium) and Hüsülü villages, as well as the Sangartepe and Toratepe living settlements found in Sarıcalı and Şənlik villages. Several historical monuments, one school, the Regional Centre of Culture and a library were destroyed and burned by Armenian forces during the Karabakh War in Yuxarı Qiyaməddinli village.
The Yamnaya horizon, associated with the late proto-Indo-European language (following both the Anatolian and the Tocharian splits), grew in the Don-Volga region and spread westwards after 3300 BC to establish a cultural horizon founded on kurgan funerals over a vast steppic area between the Dnieper and the Volga rivers. It was originally a herding-based society, with limited crop cultivation in the eastern part of the steppes, while the Dnieper-Donets region was more influenced by the agricultural Tripolye culture. Paleolinguistics likewise postulates Proto-Indo-European speakers as a semi- nomadic and pastoral population with subsidiary agriculture.Yamnaya horizon.
However, from nomad kurgan excavations we know that the funeral ceremonies of the Turkic peoples was generally similar, meaning the general provisions for the construction of funeral complexes were identical. The nomads were always accompanied into the other world by slaughtered horses, and sometimes by others animals, and enemies killed by him represented by simple stelae or rough human images of stone or wood. The horses were necessary for speedy crossing, for coaching from one world to another, the more of them the better. Among Oguzes the images of the deceased were neither installed over the tombs nor in special sanctuaries.
She included several cultures in this "Kurgan Culture", including the Samara culture and the Yamna culture, although the Yamna culture (36th–23rd centuries BCE), also called "Pit Grave Culture", may more aptly be called the "nucleus" of the proto-Indo- European language. From this area, which already included various subcultures, Indo-European languages spread west, south and east starting around 4,000 BCE. These languages may have been carried by small groups of males, with patron- client systems which allowed for the inclusion of other groups into their cultural system. Eastward emerged the Sintashta culture (2200–1800 BCE), where common Indo-Iranian was spoken.
Ornella Semino et al. (2000) proposed Ukrainian origins of R1a1, and a postglacial spread of the R1a1 gene during the Late Glacial, subsequently magnified by the expansion of the Kurgan culture into Europe and eastward.Ornella Semino, Giuseppe Passarino, Peter J. Oefner, Alice A. Lin, Svetlana Arbuzova, Lars E. Beckman, Giovanna De Benedictis, Paolo Francalacci, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Svetlana Limborska, Mladen Marciki, Anna Mika, Barbara Mika, Dragan Primorac, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, L. Luca Cavalli- Sforza, Peter A. Underhill, The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective, Science, vol. 290 (10 November 2000), pp. 1155–1159.
Spencer Wells proposes central Asian origins, suggesting that the distribution and age of R1a1 points to an ancient migration corresponding to the spread by the Kurgan people in their expansion from the Eurasian Steppe. According to Pamjav et al. (2012), "Inner and Central Asia is an overlap zone for the R1a1-Z280 and R1a1-Z93 lineages [which] implies that an early differentiation zone of R1a1-M198 conceivably occurred somewhere within the Eurasian Steppes or the Middle East and Caucasus region as they lie between South Asia and Eastern Europe." A 2014 study by Peter A. Underhill et al.
Yekaterinburg station is a junction station on the Trans-Siberian main line. The current building was built in 1915. In the period from 1997 to 2001 the station was reconstructed and completely renewed.Факты о станции Екатеринбург-Пассажирский Yekaterinburg station trains haul in seven directions, following in Abakan, Anapa, Adler, Almaty, Astana, Barnaul, Baku, Bishkek, Blagoveshchensk, Brest, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Izhevsk, Irkutsk, Kazan, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kislovodsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Minsk, Moscow, Nizhnevartovsk, Nizhny Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Novorossiysk, Novy Urengoy, Orenburg, Beijing, Perm, Petropavlovsk, Samara, St. Petersburg, Severobaykalsk, Severouralsk, Solikamsk, Tashkent, Tyumen, Tomsk, Tynda, Ufa, Kharkiv, Vladivostok, Chita, Ulan Bator, Ulan-Ude, Mouth- Aha.
Humans have inhabited Kazakhstan since the Lower Paleolithic, generally pursuing the nomadic pastoralism for which the region's climate and terrain are suitable. Prehistoric Bronze Age cultures which extended into the region include the Srubna, the Afanasevo, and the Andronovo. Between 500 BC and 500 AD Kazakhstan was home to the Saka and the Huns, early nomadic warrior cultures. According to the Journal of Archaeological Science, in July 2020, scientists from South Ural State University studied two Late Bronze Age horses with the aid of radiocarbon dating from Kurgan 5 of the Novoilinovsky 2 cemetery in the Lisakovsk city in the Kostanay region.
Speculation, Now is a collection of essays and artwork that offers radical, interdisciplinary concepts challenging our understanding of reality and how these new integrative perspectives can potentially alter reality.The book is a collaboration of images, concepts and language edited by Vyjayanthi Venuturupalli Rao, Prem Krishnamurthy and Carin Kuoni and includes an afterword by Arjun Appadurai. Artists and essayists include Arjun Appadurai, William Darity Jr., Filip De Boeck, Boris Groys,Hans Haacke, Darrick Hamilton, Laura Kurgan, Lin + Lam, Gary Lincoff, Lize Mogel, Christina Moon, Stefania Pandolfo, Satya Pemmaraju, Mary Poovey, Walid Raad, Sherene Schostak, Robert Sember, and Srdjan Jovanović Weiss.
They were richly adorned with gold fibulae, diadems, and belt buckles and repoussé gold-leaf figures. According to Trevor Bryce: > ″There is a theory that the occupants of the tombs were not from the native > Hattian population of central Anatolia, but were Kurgan immigrants from the > region of Maikop in southern Russia, who spoke an Indo-European language and > perhaps became rulers of the local Hattian population.″Trevor Bryce, The > Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The > Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. > Routledge, 2013 p.
Rodimtsev joined the Red Army in the 1920s. He fought in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Republicans against the Nationalists in 1936-1937, where he earned his first decoration as a Hero of the Soviet Union. During the course of the Second World War, he is best remembered for his role in the Battle of Stalingrad, where he brilliantly commanded the 13th Guards Rifle Division which earned him his second order of Hero of the Soviet Union. The division was charged to hold the Germans between Mamayev Kurgan and Tsaritsa Gorge, which his outnumbered and outgunned force successfully did.
He became known among patients as the "magician from Kurgan". In 1968 Ilizarov defended his doctoral thesis in Perm and was awarded the title Doctor of Sciences bypassing the Candidate of Sciences degree for which the thesis had originally been prepared. A breakthrough came in 1968 when Ilizarov successfully operated on Valeriy Brumel, the 1964 Olympic champion and a long- time world record holder in the men's high jump, who injured his right leg in a motorcycle accident. Before coming to Ilizarov, Brumel spent about three years for unsuccessful treatments in various clinics and underwent seven invasive and 25 non-invasive surgeries.
Koshoy Korgon or Qoshoy Qorgon ( ) is a ruined fortress of uncertain date located in At-Bashy District, Kyrgyzstan. The structure, which consists of walls made of mud enclosing a large area and is identified as a korgon ("fortress", not to be confused with a kurgan), is immediately to the southeast of Kara-Suu village, and a little ways west of At-Bashy village. It is named after Qoshoy baatyr, one of Manas's generals, who is thought to have been a catalyst for its construction. There is an on-site museum for tourists that is rarely open.
Kim was born 16 July 1953 in Ushtobe, Taldy-Kurgan Oblast, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, one of three sons of Nikolai Kim (also known by his Korean name Kim Dyunbin), a safety engineer and premises manager at the Korean Theatre of Kazakhstan. He jokingly refers to his hometown as the "Korean capital" of the former Soviet Union. He entered Kazakh National University (now known as Al- Farabi University) in 1971 as a student of world history and German language; after his graduation in 1977, he found work as a teacher of German, which he continued until the mid-eighties.
Besides prehistoric rock-carvings to be found especially along the Yenisei banks, the first internationally important archaeological findings have been near Arzhan, in the north central Tuva. Here, Scythian kurgan burials are being researched, revealing the earliest (7th, 6th century BC) and easternmost remains of these people who spread all the way from Central Asia. Their story and fantastic gold treasures can be appreciated in the National Museum in Kyzyl. The Xiongnu ruled over the area of Tuva prior to 200 AD. At this time, a people known to the Chinese as Dingling 丁零 inhabited the region.
According to archaeologists, the first people reached Siberia circa 40,000 BC. The Andronovo culture, a group of Bronze Age peoples, lived in the area around 2000–900 BCE, the remains of which were discovered in 1914 near the village of Andronovo, Uzhursky District. The grave-mounds and monuments of the Scythian culture in Krasnoyarsk Krai belong to the 7th century BCE and are ones of the oldest in Eurasia. A prince's grave, the Kurgan Arshan, discovered in 2001, is also located in the krai. Russian settlement of the area (mostly by Cossacks) began in the 17th century.
As a result of hostilities in May - June 1918 in Chelyabinsk he was joined by the troops of the Siberian Tatar group of Czechoslovak troops under the command of Czech general Radola Gajda. On 11 June 1918 he was promoted, by decision of the Chelyabinsk branch of the Czechoslovak National Council, to the rank of colonel and was appointed to lead the Western Group of Forces (2nd and 3rd Czechoslovak Rifle Regiments and the Kurgan infantry battalion). In June 1918 he took Troitsk and Zlatoust, then in July was sent to the Urals. After taking Yekaterinburg on 25 July he stayed in Yekaterinburg.
The northern crested newt is the most widespread and northerly crested newt species. The northern edge of its range runs from Great Britain through southern Fennoscandia to the Republic of Karelia in Russia; the southern margin runs through central France, southwest Romania, Moldavia and Ukraine, heading from there into central Russia and through the Ural Mountains. The eastern extent of the great crested newt's range reaches into Western Siberia, running from the Perm Krai to the Kurgan Oblast. In western France, the species co-occurs and sometimes hybridises (see section Evolution below) with the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus).
Sobornaya Street and horse tram in 1905 Samara is named after the Samara River, which probably means "summer water" (signifying that it froze in winter) in the Indo-Iranian language which was spoken here 2000 years ago. The Samara city gives its name to the Samara culture, a neolithic culture of the 5th millennium BC, and the Kurgan hypothesis associates the region with the original homeland (urheimat) of the Proto-Indo-European language.Balter, Michael (13 February 2015). "Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7858. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
A collection of drawings of Scythian stelae of the 6th and 5th centuries BC.redrawn from B. A. Rybakov, Язычество древней Руси ("Paganism of Ancient Rus", 1987, fig. 7). Many of them depict warriors, apparently representing the deceased buried in the kurgan, holding a drinking horn in their right hand. Scythian religion refers to the mythology, ritual practices and beliefs of the Scythians, an ancient Iranian people who dominated Central Asia and the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe throughout Classical Antiquity. What little is known of the religion is drawn from the work of the 5th century Greek historian and ethnographer Herodotus.
1500–1100 BCE, and developed into Brahmanism in the late Vedic period (1100–500 BCE). The eastern Ganges-plain was dominated by another Indo-Aryan complex, which rejected the later Brahmanical ideology, and gave rise to Jainism and Buddhism, and the Mauryan Empire. The Indo-Aryans were speakers of a branch of the Indo-European language family, which originated in the Sintashta culture and further developed into the Andronovo culture, which in turn developed out of the Kurgan culture of the Central Asian steppes. The commonly proposed period of earlier Vedic age is dated back to 2nd millennium BCE.
In the Neolithic period in Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vinča, Varna, Starčevo. In the Bronze Age happened symbiosis between Proto-Indo-Europeans of Kurgan culture and autochthonous populations, leading to the formation among others also of Proto-Illyrians. They gradually mixed and were assimilated by the Romans, Celts, Avars, and finally Slavs since the 6th century. An additional significant migration happened from Bosnia and Herzegovina, an expansion which was influenced by the Ottoman Empire's conquest since the 15th century, as well by Croatian immigration prior and post World Wars I and II and Croatian War of Independence.
Such a kurgan could include one or several individual burials, have a diameter of up to a dozen or so meters, and be up to 1 meter high. Some burial grounds feature large stone circles of massive boulders up to 1.7 meters high, separated by several meters of spaces, sometimes connected by smaller stones; the whole structure is 10–40 meters in diameter. In the middle of the circles, one to four stelae were placed, and sometimes a single grave. The stone circles are believed to be the locations of meetings of Scandinavian (see below) tings (assemblies or courts).
The indigenous people were Danubian farmers, and the invading people of the BC 3rd millennium were Kurgan warrior-herders from the Ukrainian and Russian steppes. Indo-Europeanization was complete by the beginning of the Bronze Age. The people of that time are best described as proto-Thracians, which later developed in the Iron Age into Danubian-Carpathian Geto-Dacians as well as Thracians of the eastern Balkan Peninsula. Between BC 15th–12th century, the Dacian-Getae culture was influenced by the Bronze Age Tumulus-Urnfield warriors who were on their way through the Balkans to Anatolia.
Many kurgan stelae found in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and associated with the Proto-Indo-European culture depict a naked male warrior carved on the stone with little else than a belt and his weapons. In later Indo-European traditions, kóryos raiders likewise wore a belt that bound them to their leader and the gods, and little else. In Ancient Greek and Roman literary sources, the Germani and Celts were often portrayed as fighting naked or semi naked, armed only with light weapons. At the battle of Telamon (225 BC), Gallic warriors reportedly wore only trousers and capes.
After the end of the war, Sukhovarov served in the Primorsky Military District as commander of the 72nd Tank Regiment and the 77th Heavy Tank/Self-Propelled Gun Regiment, and as deputy commander of the 7th Guards Mechanized Division. He ended his career as deputy commander of the 10th Mechanized Division from October 1953, being transferred to the reserve in July 1956. Sukhovarov lived in Kurgan, where he worked as director of a driving school and head of the office of the passenger car fleet until his retirement in 1965. Sukhovarov died on 4 March 1982.
The domestication of the horse had a wide-ranging effect on the steppe cultures, and Anthony has done fieldwork on it. Bit wear is a sign of horse-riding, and the dating of horse teeth with signs of bit wear gives clues for the dating of the appearance of horse-riding. The presence of domesticated horses in the steppe cultures was an important clue for Marija Gimbutas's development of her Kurgan hypothesis. According to Anthony, horseback riding may have appeared as early as 4200 BCE, and horse artifacts show up in greater amounts after 3500 BCE.
The SM cemetery is overlain by a very large kurgan of a slightly later date. It has been suggested that the kind of funerary sacrifices evident at Sintashta have strong similarities to funerary rituals described in the Rig Veda, an ancient Indian religious text often associated with the Proto-Indo-Iranians. Radiocarbon dates from the settlement and cemeteries span over a millennium, suggesting an earlier occupation belonging to the Poltavka culture. The majority of the dates, however, are around 2100–1800 BC, which points at a main period of occupation of the site consistent with other settlements and cemeteries of the Sintashta culture.
The DVD of the film was released 31 July 2007. Nearly a million and a half DVDs of the film were sold in the United States, for an estimated $22,083,551 from the DVD sales. The DVD features director's commentary, trailers, alternate trailers, and six production featurettes covering design, building, shooting, action choreography and stunts. There is also a featurette devoted to Clancy Brown who portrays the film's main villain, Gunnar; titled Clancy Brown: Cult Hero it covers Clancy Brown's previous villainous roles on films such as The Shawshank Redemption, Starship Troopers, and as The Kurgan in Highlander, as well as others.
Nurudin N. Mukhitdinov (born 18 March 1959, in Kurgan-Tyube) is a Tajikistani politician. Minister of Posts and Telecommunications of Tajikistan from 1995 to 2003, he is the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (RCC) Executive Committee Director General. Nukhitdinov graduated from the Tashkent Electrotechnical Communications Institute in 1981 and became an, engineer in the Technical Division of the Electrotecnical Communications Administration. After serving in various executive positions between 1987 and 1995 he was appointed Minister of Post and Telecommunications of Tajikistan (often referred to as Minister of Communications) in July 1995, a position he held until 2003.
After reviving from a fatal wound, MacLeod is found by swordsman Ramírez (Sean Connery) who explains they and others were born immortal, invincible unless beheaded. Immortals wage a secret war, fighting each other until the last few remaining will meet at the Gathering to fight for the Prize. In 1985, the Gathering is finally happening in New York City and MacLeod must make sure the Prize is not won by his oldest enemy, the murderous Kurgan (Clancy Brown). Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release, grossing over $12 million worldwide against a production budget of $19 million, and received mixed reviews.
"On the basis of both linguistic and historical evidence , Pulleyblank has identified the Yuezhi, the Wusun, the Dayuan, Kangju, and the people of Yanqi, all names occurring in the Chinese historical sources for the Han dynasty, as Tocharian speakers." The ruling elite of the Kangju consisted of nomadic tribes whose customs were very similar to those of the Yuezhi. Kangju burials of the early period have been excavatated at Berk-kara and Tamdî, in which the dead were placed in pit- graves, often covered with logs, under kurgan mounds. These graves often contain hand-made pots, iron swords, arrow-heads and jewellery.
Uranium mining in Russia was conducted entirely by the corporation JSC TVELs ore mining enterprises, and in particular by open pit mining at its subsidiary JSC Priargunsky Industrial Mining & Chemical Union and also by in situ underground leaching at its subsidiaries СJSC Dalur in the Kurgan Oblast and JSC Khiagda in Buryatia. Annual uranium production was about 3,400 t, of which more than 90% was produced by Priargunsky. Uranium-bearing ores and solutions were processed to generate uranium concentrates, which were shipped for further reprocessing at the JSC Chepetsky Mechanical Plant. The country's annual natural uranium consumption amounted to approximately 9,000 t.
The practice of horse burial is bound to the historical territory covered by the domesticated horse, which initially was the Eurasian Steppe, ca. 4000–3500 BCE. Early cultures with a mythology that would support horse burial are those in or bordering those areas—Turkic cultures, Chinese cultures, and Indo-European cultures. Sketch plan of the kurgan burial at Kostromskaya in southern Russia It is claimed that a form of horse burial is attested from the Paleolithic, when the skin of a horse was hung over a pole; some of the animal's bones were left inside the skin to preserve its shape.
Taylor has full coverage of British gold Bronze age material. To the East, torcs appear in Scythian art from the Early Iron Age, and include "classicizing" decoration drawing on styles from the east. Torcs are also found in Thraco-Cimmerian art. Torcs are found in the Tolstaya burial and the Karagodeuashk kurgan (Kuban area), both dating to the 4th century BC. A torc is part of the Pereshchepina hoard dating to the 7th century AD. Thin torcs, often with animal head terminals, are found in the art of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, with some other elements derived from Scythian art.
Studies of ancient DNA have found H5 in four individuals of around 6800 BC from the Pre-pottery Neolithic B site of Tell Halula, Syria. H5a has been found in a Tagar (800 BC–100 AD) man on the Russian steppe whose Y-DNA was R1a1a C. Keyser et al., Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people, Human Genetics (published online 16 May 2009) and in Margrethe, 11th century AD Queen of Denmark.J. Dissing, The last Viking King: a royal maternity case solved by ancient DNA analysis, Forensic Science International, vol.
In 1992, a television spin-off was developed, entitled Highlander: The Series. It was shown in syndication from October 3, 1992, to May 16, 1998. The series was an offshoot of the 1986 feature film but with one major difference: immortals still exist post-1985. The first episode of season 2 confirmed the events of the original Highlander film still happened in the TV series continuity but that Connor's battle with the Kurgan was not the Gathering and he did not win the Prize, since in this version there were many other immortals still alive on Earth in 1985.
Subsequent cultures developed in this area which adopted cattle, most notably the Cucuteni- Trypillian culture. Parpola regards the Tripolye culture as the birthplace of wheeled vehicles, and therefore as the homeland for Late PIE, assuming that Early PIE was spoken by Skelya pastoralists (early Sredny Stog culture) who took over the Tripolye culture at c. 4300–4000 BC. On its eastern border lay the Sredny Stog culture (4400–3400 BC), whose origins are related to "people from the east, perhaps from the Volga steppes". It plays a central role in Gimbutas' Kurgan hypothesis, and coincides with the spread of early PIE across the steppes and into the Danube valley (c.
European traveler William of Rubruck mentioned them for the first time in the 13th century, seeing them on kurgans in the Cuman (Kipchak) country, he reported that Cumans installed these statues on tombs of their deceased. These statues are also mentioned in the 17th-century "Large Drawing Book", as markers for borders and roads, or orientation points. In the 18th century information about some kurgan stelae was collected by Pallas, Falk, Guldenshtedt, Zuev, Lepekhin, and in the first half of the 19th century by Klaprot, Duboa-de- Montpere and Spassky (Siberian obelisks). Count Aleksey Uvarov, in the 1869 ‘‘Works of the 1st Archeological Congress in Moscow (vol.
The Historical museum in Moscow has 30 specimens (in the halls and in the courtyard); others are in Kharkov, Odessa, Novocherkassk, etc. These are only a small part of examples dispersed in various regions of Eastern Europe, of which multitudes were already destroyed and used as construction material for buildings, fences, etc. In the 1850s Piskarev, summing all information about kurgan obelisks available in literature, counted 649 items, mostly in Ekaterinoslav province (428), in Taganrog (54), in Crimea province (44), in Kharkov (43), in the Don Cossacks land (37), in Yenisei province, Siberia (12), in Poltava (5), in Stavropol (5), etc.; but many statues remained unknown to him.
Bronze Age anthropomorphic funerary stelae have been found in Saudi Arabia. There are similarities to the Kurgan type in the handling of the slab-like body with incised detail, though the treatment of the head is rather more realistic.Roads of Arabia – Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ;Arabian Archaeology: Bronze Age The anthropomorphic stelae so far found in Anatolia appear to post-date those of the Kemi Oba culture on the steppe and are presumed to derive from steppe types. A fragment of one was found in the earliest layer of deposition at Troy, known as Troy I.D.W. Anthony, The Horse, The Wheel and Language (2007), p.
Ilyas Malayev (January 12, 1936 - May 2, 2008) (, ) was an Uzbekistani musician and poet. Malayev was born in Mary (then in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, now in Turkmenistan) to Efraim and Yelizaveta Malayev, a Bukharian Jewish family and raised in the Uzbek town of Katta-Kurgan near Bukhara. He learned to play the tar and the tanbur (both lute-like instruments), as well as the violin, and immersed himself in the shashmaqam genre. In 1951, he moved to Tashkent, where he performed with various state- sponsored ensembles, and became popular as a variety entertainer, performing comedy routines, his own songs and poetry and Shashmaqom excerpts.
Beginning between 6500 and 4500 years ago, the ancient common ancestor of the Indo-European languages started to spread across Europe, replacing pre-existing languages and language families. Based on the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language (one of the first and most extensively reconstructed proto-languages since the 19th century) likely lived in the Pontic-Caspian steppe in eastern Europe. These early PIE speakers, centered on the Yamna culture were nomadic pastoralists, with domesticated horses and wheeled vehicles. Early written records began to appear in Europe, recording a variety of early Indo-European and pre-Indo-European languages.
Mikhail Stepanovich Znamensky (, 26 May 1833, Kurgan, Imperial Russia—15 March 1892, Tobolsk, Imperial Russia) was a Russian writer, memoirist, painter, caricaturist, archeologist and ethnographer. Znamensky, who knew many of the Decembrists personally through his father, protoiereus Stepan Znamensky (who was canonized by Russian Orthodox Church in 1984, as Stefan Omsky), is credited with having authored the first ever Russian novel on the Decemberists, The Vanished Men (Исчезнувшие люди, 1872). Part two, Tobolsk of the Forties (Тобольск сороковых годов, 1884), was serialized by the newspaper Vostochnoye obozreniye (Восточное обозрение, The Eastern Review). Part three, The Fifties in Tobolsk (Пятидесятые годы в Тобольске) remained unfinished.
According to Alberto Piazza, writing in 2000, "[i]t is clear that, genetically speaking, peoples of the Kurgan steppe descended at least in part from people of the Middle Eastern Neolithic who immigrated there from Turkey." According to Piazza and Cavalli-Sforza (2006), the Yamna-culture may have been derived from Middle Eastern Neolithic farmers who migrated to the Pontic steppe and developed pastoral nomadism.Piazza and Cavalli-Sforza (2006) Wells agrees with Cavalli-Sforza that there is "some genetic evidence for migration from the Middle East." Nevertheless, the Anatolian hypothesis has been rejected, since it is incompatible with the growing data on the genetic history of the Yamnaya-people.
Shum-gora, August 2013, as viewed from the North-East Shum Gora (: "Noise Hill") is a massive kurgan (tumulus) situated in Peredolskaya Volost, near the bank of the Luga River, Batetsky District, Novgorod Oblast, northwestern Russia, about 60 km west of Novgorod. The hill was formerly involved in local liturgical practice. 19th century sources record that three crosses standing on its top, but by the 20th century these had been removed. During the mid 19th century, there used to be processions, with pilgrims walking three times around the hill before ascending it to "listen to the noise" and leave small sacrifices in a pit at the top.
On 28 September due to the deterioration of the situation near the "Red October" factory, the Division was ordered to give the defense of Mamayev Kurgan to the 284th Rifle Division of Colonel Batiouk N.F. and defend the factory and working settlement. In October, together with the 37th Guards Rifle Division of Major- General Zholudev V.G., the Division defended the Tractor Plant. On 14 October the Germans launched a powerful offensive with all that they possessed, but the Division maintained its position, thus bearing huge losses—15 October losses amounted to about 75 percent of combat composition. On 17 October the Division remains were consolidated into one – 161st Rifle Regiment.
Göbekli Tepe site (1) Pillar 2 from Enclosure A (Layer III) with low reliefs of what are believed to be a bull, fox, and crane. Pillar 27 from Enclosure C (Layer III) with the sculpture of a predatory animal Pillar with the sculpture of a fox Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, Anatolia has been the center of several civilizations since prehistoric times. The Anatolian hypothesis, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in 1987, proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. It is the main competitor to the Kurgan hypothesis, or steppe theory, the more favoured view academically.
Convicts could no longer congregate casually. Although nothing could destroy the Decembrists’ conception of fraternity, Petrovsky Zavod forced them to live more private lives.G.R.V. Barratt, Voices in Exile (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 274 Owing to a number of imperial sentence reductions, exiles started to complete their labor terms years ahead of schedule. The labor was of minimal travail; Stanislav Leparsky, commandant of Petrovsky Zavod, failed to enforce Decembrists’ original labor sentences, and criminal convicts carried out much of the work in place of the revolutionaries. Most Decembrists left Petrovsky Zavod between 1835 and 1837, settling in or near Irkutsk, Minusinsk, Kurgan, Tobol’sk, Turinsk, and Yalutorovsk.
Chernyugov was born on 27 December 1901 in the village of Goryunkovo, Mignovichskoy volost, Krasninsky Uyezd, Smolensk Governorate. During the Russian Civil War, in October 1917, he joined the Red Guards and was sent to the 291st Reserve Field Hospital, where he worked as a messenger and orderly. In May 1918, Chernyugov voluntarily transferred to the Red Army, being assigned to the 26th Rifle Division as a combatant orderly. He served as a Red Army man in the 232nd Rifle Regiment of the division from late 1919, fighting on the Eastern Front near Zlatoust and Kurgan against the White army led by Alexander Kolchak.
In the past it was asserted that pastoral nomads left no presence archaeologically or were impoverished, but this has now been challenged,Cribb, R (1991) Nomads in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. and was clearly not so for many ancient Eurasian nomads, who have left very rich kurgan burial sites. Pastoral nomadic sites are identified based on their location outside the zone of agriculture, the absence of grains or grain-processing equipment, limited and characteristic architecture, a predominance of sheep and goat bones, and by ethnographic analogy to modern pastoral nomadic peoplesOriental Institute of Chicago "Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives".
As a consequence, cultural exchanges greatly increased, and Central Asian Buddhist missionaries became active shortly after in the Chinese capital cities of Luoyang and sometimes Nanjing, where they particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work. They promoted both Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna scriptures. The followers of Buddhism had been banished from Iran in the 2nd and 3rd centuries and found support in Central Asia, where Buddhism became widely practiced. During modern archeological excavations in Khorezm (including Bazaar-Kala, Gyaur-Kala, Gyaz-Kala), Sogd (Tali-barzu, Zohak-i-Maron, Er-Kurgan and others) and Old Termez it was found that many settlements and forts dated back to the Kushan period.
There is scholarly consensus that Dacian was a member of the Indo-European family of languages. These descended, according to the two leading theories of the expansion of IE languages, from a proto-Indo European (proto-IE) tongue that originated in an urheimat ("original homeland") in S. Russia/ Caucasus region, (Kurgan hypothesis) or in central Anatolia (Anatolian hypothesis). According to both theories, proto-IE reached the Carpathian region no later than c. 2500 BC.Renfrew (1987) 149 (map)Mallory (1989) 107, 109 Supporters of both theories have suggested this region as IE's secondary urheimat, in which the differentiation of proto-IE into the various European language-groups (e.g.
The facility can be seen from the New York City Subway's west of the Queensboro Plaza station, and is also visible from the Queensboro Bridge to and from Manhattan. It is also the location of part of the final battle in Highlander, with the character "The Kurgan" destroying the iconic sign during the battle. The studio building is seen multiple times throughout the TV series Friends as the location where Days of Our Lives is shot, although the actual show is filmed in Los Angeles. Shots taped at the foot of the rear of the sign appeared in WNBC-TV's 1992 "Four New York" image campaign.
The RNE appeared to have lost political influence in some regions since its peak in 1998, but the organization maintained high levels of activity in other regions, such as Voronezh. Some branches of the ultranationalist and anti-Semitic National Sovereign Way of Russia (NDPR) participated in events organized by local officials. The primary targets of skinheads were foreigners and individuals from the North Caucasus, but they expressed anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic sentiments as well. Vandals desecrated several synagogues and Jewish community centers during the reporting period, including in Saratov, Lipetsk, Borovichy, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Taganrog, Samara, Petrozavodsk, Perovo, Baltiisk, Kurgan, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Tomsk, and Kaliningrad.
Most (89%) of the Xiongnu sequences can be classified as belonging to Asian haplogroups and nearly 11% belong to European haplogroups. The findings indicate that the contacts between European and Asian populations were anterior to the Xiongnu culture, and confirm results reported for two samples from an early 3rd century B.C. Scytho-Siberian population. According to another archaeological and genetic study in 2010, the DNA found in three skeletons in 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in Northeast Asia belonged to C3, D4 and included R1a. The evidence of paternal R1a support the Kurgan expansion hypothesis for the Indo-European expansion from the Volga steppe region.
The Soldier Memorial was opened in 1968, the day of the 25th anniversary of the liberation of the region from the German fascist invaders. The composition was created by the sculptor Perfilov V.I. Collective farms, state farms and other institutions of the district took part in the construction of the monument. The names of the natives of Matveev Kurgan who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War are immortalized on 40 granite plates. Description of the monument: in the centre, above the mass grave, there is a sculpture of a soldier in a grey greatcoat, in a steel helmet with a gun over his shoulder.
Change of oblast names and boundaries from 1954 to today Over the last 60 years, both the distribution and names of regions of Kazakhstan have changed considerably. Major changes were several fusions and splits between Guryev and Mangystau, Karaganda and Dzhezkazgan, Almaty and Taldy-Kurgan, East Kazakhstan and Semipalatinsk and Kostanay, Turgay and Tselinograd, respectively. Changes in region names were often in line with the renaming of cities, such as in the case of Alma-Ata/Almaty. After the administrative reform in 1997, the last change happened since then took place in 1999, when parts of North Kazakhstan that originally belonged to Kokshetau region became part of Akmola.
Kurgan Krasnogorsky-2 (Isetsky District). Sargat culture, 2014 Transition time from the Bronze Age to the Iron one is presented in the Ingala Valley with 4 monuments of the Itkul culture (late 8th-5th century BC) and 3 monuments without sustainable cultural attribution. There are 139 sites from the early Iron Age; among them 30 belong to the Baitovo culture, 16 belong to the Gorokhovo, 55 to the , 1 to the Kashino, and 37 do not have a strong cultural attribution. Baitovo tribes (7th-5th century BC) were successors of the Barkhatovo culture and coexisted with Itkul and Gorokhovo tribes, being destroyed by Sargats.
According to the Journal of Archaeological Science, in July 2020, scientists from South Ural State University studied two Late Bronze Age horses with the aid of radiocarbon dating from Kurgan 5 of the Novoilinovsky 2 cemetery in the Lisakovsk city. Researcher Igor Chechushkov, indicated that the Andronovites had an ability on horse riding several centuries earlier than many researchers had previously expected. Among the horses investigated, the stallion was nearly 20 years old and the mare was 18 years old. According to scientists, animals were buried with the person they accompanied throughout their lives, and they were used not only for food, but also for harnessing to vehicles and riding.
It is said that when only a few immortals are left, they will be drawn to "a faraway land" to fight for the Prize: the combined power of all immortals before them, granting enough power and knowledge to enslave humanity. Connor MacLeod is born in 1518 in Glenfinnan, Scotland near the shores of Loch Shiel. In 1536, he enters his first battle when the Clan MacLeod fights the Clan Fraser. An immortal known as The Kurgan allies with Clan Fraser, sensing MacLeod is an immortal and deciding to take his head before the young man learns his true nature and becomes an experienced fighter.
Clay pots and copper decorations were also present. The chambers were covered by wooden construction supporting stone slanting walls/roofs, the whole structure being covered by a large (12–13 meters in diameter) earth mound. In addition to this oldest part – the main burial of an apparent tribal chief and his family, there are newer peripheral graves at the edge of the kurgan and items indicating a prolonged cemetery and local cult use of this burial complex.Co kryją kurhany by Marek Florek, Archeologia Żywa 1(10)1999 issue Small scale and sparse settlement areas with more primitive crafts were thought to be characteristic of the Trzciniec culture period and distribution.
Toll roads in Tajikistan are owned and operated by Innovative Road Solutions (IRS). The northern point is in the Sughd Viloyat and the Southern point ends at Kurgan Tyube (100 km south of the capital of the country - Dushanbe). While going from end to end costs roughly $12 US Dollars for regular 2 axle vehicles, it can top to $100 for semitrucks. The IRS is setting up new toll plazas that are going to be able to read off the digital device attached to windshield while passing through at the speed of no more than 15 km/h, similar to ones in the United States.
However, there were also single graves accompanied by stone structures/kurgans, as in the skeletal burials from the 1st and 2nd centuries CE that have been found in Sambia and the later ones (3rd–4th centuries) in Sudovia. From about 400 CE onward, cremation became the only means of corpse disposition, and the more familiar type of kurgan emerged, with each grave holding the remains of several persons. Samples of mature ancient-Baltic craftsmanship (2nd–4th century) have been found in places such as Żywa Woda and Szwajcaria, both in Suwałki County; and in Augustów County. The princely graves, as is typical, also contain many imports from southern and western Europe.
The back of the procession The Trialeti Chalice is a silver cup from Trialeti, Georgia. It was discovered during an archaeological expedition in the 1930s, it was one of the objects from the Trialeti culture that were excavated from Kurgan barrows in Trialeti, and has been dated to the 18th-17th centuries BCE. The outside of the cup is decorated with two processional friezes, the lower depicts nine deer, stags and hinds walking clockwise around the cup. The front of the procession and the seated man The upper frieze has twenty two masked men bearing cups processing in the opposite direction to the deer.
Golden ox figurine found in the Maykop kurgan (mid-4th millennium BC), Hermitage Museum In the south, the Maykop culture bordered the approximately contemporaneous Kura-Araxes culture (3500--2200 BC), which extends into the Armenian Plateau and apparently influenced it. To the north is the Yamna culture, including the Novotitorovka culture (3300--2700), which it overlaps in territorial extent. It is contemporaneous with the late Uruk period in Mesopotamia. The Kuban River is navigable for much of its length and provides an easy water-passage via the Sea of Azov to the territory of the Yamna culture, along the Don and Donets River systems.
They had issue. :::: c) Paul Wittouck, born in Leeuw-Saint-Pierre on August 6, 1851, died November 9, 1917, in Uccle at the castle of La Fougeraie he had built in 1911 by the architect Louis Süe (1875-1968), married Catherine Baroness de Medem . Issue: ::::: 1) Paul (Pavlick) Wittouck, born in Brussels on 26 September 1899, died in Brussels on 8 November 1984. ::::: 2) Michel Wittouck, écuyer, knighted on April 11, 1960, born January 1, 1902, husband of Helen Princess Sherbatow. They both distinguish themselves in the Resistance under occupationMarcus Wunderlee, « Wittouck Famille » : in : Dictionnaire des patrons en Belgique, edited by Ginette Kurgan-van Henterijk et alii, Brussels, 1996, p.
Shakiko's father, a great swordsmith named Masamune, gives Ramírez a katana in 592 BC. The sword is unique for the time, forged with a technique that Japan will not see again until the Middle Ages. After Shakiko dies, Ramírez is emotionally shattered and decides he will not form such connections with mortals again. He likewise advises other immortals against forming romantic connections with mortals.Highlander (1986) By the 15th century, Tak-Ne lives in Spain under the name Juan Sánchez-Villalobos Ramírez and spends time working as the Chief Metallurgist to King Charles V. Ramírez leaves for the Scottish Highlands when he learns the Kurgan is there.
The 1994 film Highlander III: The Sorcerer, also called Highlander: The Final Dimension, states that during his time in Japan, Ramírez learns how to use his new katana from the immortal sorcerer named Nakano (portrayed by Mako Iwamatsu). The TV spin-off Highlander: The Series presents an alternate timeline where many more immortals exist on Earth. As a result, the events of the first film still occur in this timeline but Connor's victory over the Kurgan in 1985 is not the final battle and the Prize has yet to be won. The series makes no reference to Highlander III: The Sorcerer but does not contradict it.
During the Crimean War of 1853-1856 Nakhimov distinguished himself by annihilating the Ottoman fleet at Sinope in 1853. His finest hour came during the siege of Sevastopol, where he and Admiral V. A. Kornilov organized from scratch the land defense of the city and its port, the home base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. As the commander of the port and the military governor of the city, Nakhimov became in fact the head of the Sevastopol naval and land defense forces. On , while inspecting the forward- defense positions on Malakhov Kurgan, he was fatally wounded by a sniper; he died two days later.
Kolchak would later become the head of all the counter-revolutionary anti-communist White forces during the Russian Civil War. As a result of press coverage of the siege of the tower, Malakhov Kurgan became a household name in Europe and many large and expensive towers in Western Europe were named after it. Among these were a number of stone mining towers in the Ruhrgebiet, the so-called caponier Fort Malakoff in Mainz, and the yellow sandstone Malakoff Tower in the city of Luxembourg. In addition, the Malakoff cake was named after the Duke of Malakoff, as was a cheese dish in parts of Switzerland.
In France, the battle was officially commemorated in a rare way: apart from the Battle of Magenta (in the Italian Campaign), it was the only one of Emperor Napoleon III's exploits to result in the awarding of a victory title (both of ducal rank); this distinction was bestowed upon Marshal Pélissier. A suburb of Paris was also named after this battle, as well as the Avenue de Malakoff. Malakhov Kurgan, where it was fought, now contains the Eternal Fire, commemorating the Siege of Sevastopol during World War II. A branch of Franz Roubaud's great panorama representing the battle of 1855 is also located there.
The specific theories have found little archaeological corroboration, as no convincing evidence for significant migratory movements from the Luzatian culture into the west Balkans have ever been found. Rather, archaeologists from former Yugoslavia highlighted the continuity between the Bronze and succeeding Iron Age (especially in regions such as Donja Dolina, central Bosnia-Glasinac, and northern Albania (Mat river basin)), ultimately developing the so-called "autochthonous theory" of Illyrian genesis. The "autochthonous" model was most elaborated upon by Alojz Benac and B. Čović. They argued (following the "Kurgan hypothesis") that the 'proto-Illyrians' had arrived much earlier, during the Bronze Age as nomadic Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
The Legion quickly occupied more cities on the Trans-Siberian Railway, including Petropavl, Kurgan, Novonikolaevsk, Mariinsk, Nizhneudinsk, and Kansk. Though the Legion did not specifically seek to intervene on the anti-Bolshevik side in the Russian Civil War and sought only to secure safe exit from Russia, Bolshevik defeat in Siberia enabled anti-Bolshevik or White Russian officers' organizations to seize the advantage, overthrowing Bolsheviks in Petropavl and Omsk. In June, the Legion, having informally sided against the Bolsheviks for protection and convenience, captured Samara, enabling the first anti-Bolshevik local government in Siberia, the Komuch, formed on 8 June. On 13 June, Whites formed the Provisional Siberian Government in Omsk.
As a logical extension of this work it is considering the establishment of a "Tumar" eco-cultural center as the pilot complex of tourist, educational, and ethnographic objects. According to the Journal of Archaeological Science, in July 2020, scientists from South Ural State University studied two Late Bronze Age horses with the aid of radiocarbon dating from Kurgan 5 of the Novoilinovsky 2 cemetery. Researcher Igor Chechushkov, indicated that the Andronovites had an ability on horse riding several centuries earlier than many researchers had previously expected. Among the horses investigated, the stallion was nearly 20 years old and the mare was 18 years old.
Despite being born in Russia, Shiafotdinov began his career in the Czech Republic with VHK Vsetín in 2011. Having returned to Russia in 2013, he made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Atlant Moscow Oblast during the 2014–15 KHL season and went on to play five games for the team that season. He then played two games for Croatia-based team KHL Medveščak Zagreb the following season. Shiafotdinov played the next three seasons in the VHL, with Tsen Tou Jilin City and Zauralie Kurgan before returning to the KHL by securing a try-out contract with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod on 6 July 2020.
According to theories like the Turkish History Thesis, promoted by pseudo-scholars, the Turkic peoples are supposed to have migrated from Central Asia to the Middle East in the Neolithic. The Hittites, Sumerians, the Babylonians and ancient Egyptians, are here classified as being of Turkic origin. The Kurgan cultures of the early Bronze Age up to more recent times, are also typically ascribed to Turkic peoples by pan-Turkic pseudoscholars, such as Ismail Miziev. Non-Turkic peoples typically classified as Turkic, Turkish, Proto-Turkish or Turanian, include Scythians, Sakas, Cimmerians, Medes, Parthians, Pannonian Avars, Caucasian Albania and various ethnic minorities in Turkic countries, such as Kurds.
The Pontic–Caspian steppe was initially thought to have been their place of origin, until the Soviet archaeologist Aleksey Terenozhkin suggested a Central Asian origin. Recent excavations at Arzhan in Tuva, Russia have uncovered the earliest Scythian-style kurgan yet found. Similarly the earliest examples of the animal style art which would later characterize the Scythian cultures have been found near the upper Yenisei River and North China, dating to the 10th century BC. Based on these finds, it has been suggested that the Scythian cultures emerged at an early period in southern Siberia. It is probably in this area the Scythian way of life initially developed.
Khatlon Region (, Viloyati Xatlon), one of the four provinces of Tajikistan (, Viloyat) is the most populous of the four first level administrative regions. It is situated in the southwest of the country, between the Hisor (Gissar) Range in the north and the river Panj in the south and borders on Afghanistan in the southeast and on Uzbekistan in the west. During Soviet times Khatlon was divided into Kurgan-Tyube (Qurghonteppa) Oblast (Western Khatlon) – with the Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys – and Kulob Oblast (Eastern Khatlon) – with the Kyzylsu and Yakhsu river valleys. Both regions were merged in November 1992 into today's Khatlon Region (or viloyat).
Feature-length DVD commentary by director Russell Mulcahy and producers William N. Panzer and Peter S. Davis. Located on the 10th Anniversary Highlander Director's Cut Region 1 DVD by Republic Pictures. The scene in the alley where the Kurgan beheads Kastagir and stabs the former marine, followed by an explosion, was filmed in an alley in England even though it was set in New York. The director was reluctant to set off the explosion in the alley because the windows were full of Victorian glass, but he was given permission to do so because that particular site was going to be destroyed in a few months anyway.
The Aldy-Bel culture is known through its kurgans. They are rounded or oval mounds of boulders or rock fragments with larger stones at the base, 8 to 12 m across and 1 m height on average, grouped in pairs or occasionally three, located next to each other along a north–south axis. Typically there are several burials in a kurgan, up to seven or more: a central burial in a box of massive stone slabs, with other graves of younger people and children in smaller stone or wooden boxes on the sides except for eastern side. The graves are covered with stone slabs.
Clarence John Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his work as the Kurgan in Highlander (1986), Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Sgt. Zim in Starship Troopers (1997), Mr. Krabs in SpongeBob SquarePants (1999–present) and Brother Justin Crowe on the HBO series Carnivàle (2003–2005). He has also provided voices for Lex Luthor, beginning with Superman: The Animated Series (1996-2000), Doctor Neo Cortex and Uka Uka in the Crash Bandicoot video games (1997–2020), Hades in God of War III (2010), Surtur in Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Lt. Hank Anderson in Detroit: Become Human (2018).
The residents kept cattle and other domesticated animals in these settlements. Most of these sites are associated with the Leilatepe archeological culture of the first half of the fourth millennium BCE. It is believed that this was the result of the migration of near-eastern tribes from Mesopotamia to South Caucasus, especially to Azerbaijan.Najaf Museyibly, ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS ALONG THE ROUTE OF THE BAKU-TBILISI-CEYHAN CRUDE OIL PIPELINE AND THE SOUTH CAUCASUS GAS PIPELINE, 2002-2005 According to the excavators, > Discovery of Soyugbulaq in 2004 and subsequent excavations provided > substantial proof that the practice of kurgan burial was well established in > the South Caucasus during the late Eneolithic.
Archaeological data traces the spread of cultures presumed to be created by speakers of Proto-Indo-European in several stages: from the hypothesized locations of the Proto-Indo-European homeland, into their later locations Western Europe, Central, South and Eastern Asia by migrations and by language shift through élite-recruitment as described by anthropological research. Recent genetic research has increasingly contributed to understanding of the relations between various prehistoric cultures. According to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis, c.q. renewed Steppe hypothesis, the oldest branch were the Anatolian languages (Hittite language and Luwian language) which split from the earliest proto-Indo-European speech community (archaic PIE), which itself developed at the Volga basin.
Siberian Ice Maiden mummy - 5th century BCE In 1993, Polosmak was conducting archaeological reconnaissance of the high and barren Ukok Plateau when she discovered a spectacular archaeological find; a female mummy frozen in permafrost which she associated with the Pazyryk on the basis of intact clothing remaining on the well-preserved corpse. The Pazyryk were an Iron Age people who lived in the Altay Mountains and on the Ukok Plateau. Many tomb mounds (kurgans) have been found in the area and have been associated with the Pazyryk culture; a group that closely resembled that of the legendary Scythian people to the west. The term kurgan is in general usage to describe the barrow burials found in the area.
In September it was redeployed, and played a leading role in defending the northern part of the central city and Mamayev Kurgan hill in the Battle of Stalingrad, and later in the reduction of the trapped German 6th Army during Operation Ring, for which it was raised to Guards status as the 79th Guards Rifle Division shortly after the battle ended. A third 284th was raised a few months later. It served on the quiet fronts of the Far East for most of the rest of the war before fighting briefly against the Japanese in Manchuria in August, 1945. The unit continued to serve well into the postwar period under other designations.
During the first ten days of January, 1943, the 284th, along with the divisions and brigade above, and later joined by 95th Rifle Division, made preparations for Operation Ring, the reduction of the German pocket. This involved reconnaissance, seizing and holding individual buildings, and destroying enemy firing points and bunkers. Also during this period Chuikov redeployed the 348th MG-Artillery Battalion of the 156th Fortified Region into the city along the Dolgii Ravine between the 284th and 13th Guards; this allowed Batyuk's troops to consolidate on a shorter line. When Ring began on January 10 the division's specific mission was to attack with all three rifle regiments abreast to take Mamayev Kurgan and destroy the enemy units there.
Jaloliddin Balkhi District (, 2007-2016 Rumi District, before 2007 Kolkhozobod District), is a district in Khatlon Region, Tajikistan, located south of the regional capital Kurgan-Tyube (Qurghonteppa) and Vakhsh District.Republic of Tajikistan, map showing administrative division as of January 1, 2004, "Tojikkoinot" Cartographic Press, Dushanbe It was renamed Rumi District on 23 June 2007 in commemoration of the 800th anniversary of the Persian poet and philosopher Rumi and plans were announced to erect a monument to Rumi in the district.Kolkhozobod District renamed after Jaloliddin RumiStatue of Rumi to be erected in Rumi District It was renamed again in 2016 to Jaloliddin Balkhi, another name for the poet Rumi. The population of Jaloliddin Balkhi District is 201,300 (January 2020 estimate).
The houses of Berenberg-Gossler, H.J. Merck and Salomon Heine were also the main founders of the Norddeutsche Bank in 1856, the first joint-stock bank in northern Germany and one of the predecessors of Deutsche Bank.Michael North: "The Great German Banking Houses and International Merchants, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Century", in: Alice Teichova, Ginette Kurgan-Van Hentenryk and Dieter Ziegler (eds.), Banking, Trade and Industry: Europe, America and Asia from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century, Cambridge University Press, 2011, , p. 46 Furthermore, Berenberg Bank was among the founding shareholders of Bergens Privatbank (1855), the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (1865), Den Danske Landmandsbank (1871) and Svenska Handelsbanken (1871).The banking house in the period of promoterism , berenberg.
Keltisch en de buren: 9000 jaar taalcontact; ('Celtic and the neighbours: 9000 years of language contact'), University of Utrecht, March 2007. which he links to the archeological Linear Pottery culture, the first farmers in Europe. Under the Anatolian hypothesis, they are supposed to have been Indo-European- speaking, but Schrijver's proposal, like Kortlandt's, is compatible with the Kurgan paradigm, as Schrijver suggests they spoke languages from a completely different family, which typologically resembled Hattic, Minoan and Northwest Caucasian. The family is presumed to have not influence any Indo-European language spoken in the steppes, but to have influenced Indo-European languages spoken in Central and Southeastern Europe (Germanic, Celtic, Italic and Greek) during the Bronze and the Iron Ages.
Batsumber sum in Tov Province (in red) is located directly to the north of the capital Ulaanbaatar. It is the location of Noin-Ula. Kurgan No 6 was the tomb of Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy (Uchilonoti, Ulunoti, 烏珠留若提 Wu-Zhou-Liu-Ju-Di, reigned 8 BCE–13 CE), who is mentioned in the Chinese annals. He is famous for freeing his people from the Chinese protectorate that lasted 56 years, from 47 BCE to 9 CE. Uchjulü-Jodi- Chanuy was buried in 13 CE, a date established from the inscription on a cup given to him by the Chinese Emperor during a reception in the Shanlin park near Chang'an in 1 BCE.
"Gimme the Prize" was written by May. This song is widely known for its heavy metal features, and, it is featured in Highlander, and also samples various lines from the film, most notably "I have something to say: It's better to burn out than to fade away" and "There can be only one", spoken by actors Clancy Brown (The Kurgan) and Christopher Lambert (Connor MacLeod) respectively. Director Russell Mulcahy states in the DVD commentary that this was his least favourite of the band's songs used in the film because he does not like heavy metal. May also commented to a Japanese magazine in 1986 that both Mercury and Deacon hated the song.
In the film, Lambert starred as Connor MacLeod from the Scottish Highlands, known as the Highlander, one of a number of immortal warriors who can be killed only by decapitation. After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman, Ramirez played by Sean Connery, MacLeod lives on for several centuries, eventually settling in New York City, running an antiques shop. MacLeod falls in love with a police forensic scientist named Brenda. He also finds out that he must face his greatest enemy, the Kurgan, played by Clancy Brown, who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain "the Prize" – which gives special abilities to the last living immortal warrior, vast knowledge and power which could enslave the human race.
The Ural Siberian Bar Association gathers experienced Advocates to provide Legal Representation to clients in various courts and government entities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Kurgan, Khanty-Mansisk, Izhevsk, Tolyatti, and Omsk. Unity successfully represents foreign citizens and foreign legal entities on the territory of Russian Federation: among them, clients from United States, Canada, Czech Republic, and Italy. Igor Uporov is known for his successful representation of legal entities’ interests and his great experience dealing with bodies of Federal Antimonopoly service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Federal Tax service, Federal Service of Execution of Punishments, Public Prosecutor's office of Russia, Investigatory Committee of Russia, Russian Financial Supervision, Russian Defensive Order, Russian Consumer Supervision.
The song begins with "Gunter glieben glauten globen", a German-like nonsense phrase introduced by Mutt Lange, who is of German descent. According to the official Def Leppard , As the song's melody begins, Elliott speaks the lines, "All right/I've got something to say/It's better to burn out/Than to fade away"; the second two lines are a reference to Neil Young's song "Hey Hey, My My (Out of the Blue)". Def Leppard's four-line version was quoted in the 1986 movie Highlander by the film's villain, the Kurgan. Young's line would later become immortalized in rock history when it was used in the suicide note of grunge pioneer Kurt Cobain.
Recent information has indicated that production of the BMD-4 airborne combat vehicle has been transferred to the Kurgan Machine Construction Plant, where production of the BMP-3 armored fighting vehicle and its variants are currently undertaken for the local and export markets. As far as it is known, production of the 2S25 self-propelled anti-tank gun is still being carried out at the Volgograd tractor plant. One of its first trials took place on May 8, 2001 on the "Prudboy" tank firing range located North Caucasian military district for the representatives of the power ministries of Russia and foreign military and diplomatic corps from 14 other countries of Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America.
This live-action show depicts a timeline where the events of the original movie still took place but in a world where many more immortals exist. As a result, Connor's battle with the Kurgan in 1985 does not result in him winning the Prize. The series follows Duncan MacLeod (Adrian Paul), born and adopted by the Clan MacLeod decades after Connor discovered he was immortal. In agreement with the movies Highlander II and Highlander: The Final Dimension, the series showed that immortals don't need to directly kill another immortal to absorb their Quickening energyHighlander: The Series Season 4 - "The Innocent." and that there is no energy released if there isn't an immortal nearby.
The currently most favoured model, the Kurgan hypothesis, places the Urheimat of the Proto-Indo-European people in the Pontic steppe, represented archaeologically by the 5th millennium BCE Sredny Stog culture. From here, various daughter dialects dispersed radially in several waves between 4400 and 3000 BC. The phonological changes which set Balto-Slavic apart from other Indo-European languages probably lasted from 3000 to 1000 BC, a period known as common Proto-Balto-Slavic. links the earliest stages of Balto-Slavic development with the Middle Dnieper culture which connects the Corded Ware and Yamna cultures. Kurganists connect the latter two cultures with the so-called "Northwest (IE) group" and the Iranian- speaking steppe nomads, respectively.
Around the midpoint of the 4th century BC, a new type of solid silver drinking horn with strong curvature appears. While the slightly curving horn type is found throughout the Pontic Steppe, specimens of the new type have not been found in the Kuban area. The custom of depositing drinking horns as grave goods begins to subside towards the end of the 4th century BC.Wieland (2013:35-45). The depiction of drinking horns on kurgan stelae appears to follow a slightly different chronology, with the earliest examples dated to the 6th century BC, and a steep increase in frequency during the 5th, but becoming rare by the 4th century (when actual deposits of drinking horns become most frequent).
He was a stunt performer and minor actor in the following James Bond films: Dr. No (1962), From Russia with Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Casino Royale (1967) and You Only Live Twice (1967). He also acted and did stunt work in films such as Ivanhoe (1952), A Night to Remember (1958), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Where Eagles Dare (1968), Star Wars (1977), Flash Gordon (1980), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), Highlander (1986), Willow (1988), Batman (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), Chaplin (1992) and Braveheart (1995). Brace was the stunt double for Clancy Brown (the villain Kurgan) in Highlander and Peter Mayhew (Chewbacca) in Star Wars.
Kuryanov started his career in Ust-Kamenogorsk before moving to Omsk in 1998 along with his coach Sergei Gersonsky and a bunch of other talented youngsters, including Alexander Perezhogin. Since he was considered less talented than other young forwards like Alexander Svitov and Stanislav Chistov who played in Avangard Omsk at the time, Kuryanov's path to seniors was a difficult one. He was sent on loan to Mostovik (Kurgan) and then HC Sibir Novosibirsk to gain first-team experience before making his debut for Avangard in the 2002–03 season. In his first full season in Avangard's jersey, Anton Kuryanov helped his team to win the title tallying 14 points in the process.
Ruled by small numbers of closely allied elites, Scythians had a reputation for their archers, and many gained employment as mercenaries. Scythian elites had kurgan tombs: high barrows heaped over chamber-tombs of larch wood, a deciduous conifer that may have had special significance as a tree of life-renewal, for it stands bare in winter. The Ziwiye hoard, a treasure of gold and silver metalwork and ivory found near the town of Sakiz south of Lake Urmia and dated to between 680 and 625 BC, includes objects with Scythian "animal style" features. One silver dish from this find bears some inscriptions, as yet undeciphered and so possibly representing a form of Scythian writing.
Spurred by the interest to his work, he made a second expedition in 1885 visiting Karateghin, Darvaz, Bukhara Khanate, Ghissar, Kulyab, Beldzhuan, Shakhrisiabz, Karshi, Guzara, Shirabad, Kabadian, and Kurgan-Tyube. This time he collected 20,000 specimens of insects. His third expedition was in 1886 along the Kara-Darya, via Pass Kugart, then up along the Naryn valley to the Narynsky Fortress (now the town of Naryn), and from there to the south toward At-Bashi and further to the southwest along the broad valley of At-Bashi River, by the At-Bashi Mt. Range, along the Great Silk Route to Tash-Rabat and Lake Chatyr-Kul. They went until Kashgar and then via Pass Irkeshtam and back to Osh.
Courtney Love, singer for Hole and Cobain's widow, alludes both to this song and her husband's suicide note in the song "Reasons To Be Beautiful" from the album Celebrity Skin. In "Reasons To Be Beautiful," she changes the verse to "It's better to rise than fade away." Def Leppard begins their song "Rock of Ages" with the lines "I got something to say / It's better to burn out than fade away"; the same lines were used in the movie Highlander by The Kurgan and used in the Queen song "Gimme The Prize (Kurgan's Theme)" on their A Kind Of Magic album. Metalcore band Killswitch Engage have quoted the line in their song "New Awakening".
A map of Smaller Bashkiria in 1919 A map of Greater Bashkiria in 1922 Badzhgard or Bashkurd, historically Bashkiria () is a historical and geographical region in the Urals, the traditional border between Northern Asia and Eastern Europe in modern Russia, inhabited by the Bashkirs. Today, the territory is administratively split between the Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg and Chelyabinsk oblasts, parts of the Republic of Tatarstan, the south-eastern part of Udmurtia, the southern part of the Perm Krai, the south- western part of the Sverdlovsk oblast, the western part of the Kurgan, the north-eastern part of Samara, the eastern part of the Saratov regions.The article: «Башкортостан» в Башкирской энциклопедии.История башкирского народа: в 7 т.
During 1000–900 BC in the Bronze Age, the first farmers and cattle-breeders established settlements in the territory of Almaty. During the Saka period (from 700 BC to the beginning of the Christian era), these lands were occupied by the Saka and later Wusun tribes, who inhabited the territory north of the Tian Shan mountain range. Evidence of these times can be found in the numerous burial mounds (tumuli) and ancient settlements, especially the giant burial mounds of the Saka tsars. The most famous archaeological finds have been "The Golden Man", also known as "The Golden Warrior", from the Issyk Kurgan; the Zhalauly treasure, the Kargaly diadem, and the Zhetysu arts bronzes (boilers, lamps and altars).
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World is a 2007 book by the anthropologist David W. Anthony, in which the author describes his "revised Kurgan theory." He explores the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian steppe throughout Western Europe, and Central and South Asia. He shows how the domesticated horse and the invention of the wheel mobilized the steppe herding societies in the Eurasian Steppe, and combined with the introduction of bronze technology and new social structures of patron-client relationships gave an advantage to the Indo-European societies. The book won the Society for American Archaeology's 2010 Book Award.
Until 1784 most of the fortifications around Sevastopol were dedicated to the protection of the harbour entrance, the city itself and its naval base and were positioned close to these features. The construction of fortifications in the surrounding hills had been planned as early as 1837, but at the time of the battle only basic facilities and roadways had been completed on the north side of the long, westward-facing bay. To the south the central anchor of the defence system was the Malakoff-Kurgan ridge. Situated about southeast of the city, it consisted of a two-story stone tower of limestone on which the Russians had placed five heavy 18-pounder cannons at the beginning of the siege.
Regrettably, the Primary Chronicle does not specify the relations between minor Rurikid princes active during the period, although the names Rurik, Oleg and Igor were recorded among the late-10th-century and 11th-century Rurikids. Georgy Vernadsky even identified the Oleg of the Schechter Letter with Igor's otherwise anonymous eldest son, whose widow Predslava is mentioned in the Russo-Byzantine treaty of 944. Vernadsky 41 et seq. Alternatively, V. Ya. Petrukhin speculated that Helgu- Oleg of the 940s was one of the vernacular princes of Chernigov, whose ruling dynasty maintained especially close contacts with Khazaria, as the findings at the Black Grave, a large royal kurgan excavated near Chernigov, seem to testify.
The Usatovo culture is a late variant of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture which flourished northwest of the Black Sea from 3500 BC to 3000 BC. The Usatovo culture appears to be a mixture of Neolithic elements of Southeast Europe with intrusive cultures from the Pontic steppe. From native Neolithic elements it shares flat graves, figurines and painted ceramics, while it shares tumulus burials, horses and shell-tempered coarse wares with steppe cultures. It also displays metallic items such as arsenical bronze and silver, which suggests contacts with the North Caucasus. Within the Kurgan hypothesis, the Usatovo culture represents the domination of native Cucuteni–Trypillia agriculturalists by Indo-European peoples from the steppe.
On March 28, 1948, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Aldabergenov Nurmolda awarded by the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the order of Lenin and the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" for obtaining high yields of sugar beet in 1947. In 1950–1965, he worked as the Chairman of the collective farm named in honor of Stalin. On March 29, 1958, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Nurmold Aldabergenov awarded the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" and the order of Lenin. In 1965–1967, Aldabergenov headed the lagging Karl Marx collective farm in the Andreevsky district of Taldy -Kurgan region and brought it to the forefront.
Some theories, like the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, attempt to relate hypothetical language families to archaeological cultures, but this is a highly uncertain procedure. Sure statements are possible only since the first millennium BC, when neighbouring literate cultures came into contact with the people of the steppe. In the steppes north of the Black Sea and east of the Caspian Sea, Greek, Assyrian and Persian sources attest to horse nomads, which can be identified as speakers of Iranian languages. The first reports from ancient China of the nomads north of China date from the same period Along with various unidentified groups from Shang and Zhou dynasty texts, the Xiongnu are worthy of mention.
A range of mountains serves as a dividing line for the painting, separating the vastness of the steppes from the emptiness of the sky, while the city of Samarkand can be seen in the far right of the painting. The city's walls have visibly been breached, a reference to the Siege of Samarkand in the summer of 1868 in which the Russian garrison repulsed a Bukharid attack.Shahrisabz, Katti-Kurgan, Hussein Bek of Urgut, Omar Bek of Chilek, Jura Bek, Baba Bek and others. The pyramid-like pile of skulls is in reference to the Mongol conquests, as the Mongols were recorded as have built pyramids out of the skulls of their enemies.
October 1942: A German soldier with a Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun in Barrikady factory rubble Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, suffered particularly heavy losses. Over 30 percent of its soldiers were killed in the first 24 hours, and just 320 out of the original 10,000 survived the entire battle. Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. The railway station changed hands 14 times in six hours. By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist.
The Cave of Dzhebel is an archeological site in the vicinity of Balkan Region Türkmenbaşy, in Soviet times known as Nebit Dag (Balkanabat), in Turkmenistan, on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It contains Mesolithic, Neolithic and early Bronze Age artefacts.Dzhebel According to Bernard Sergent, the lithic assemblage of the first Kurgan culture in Ukraine (Sredni Stog II), which originated from the Volga and South Urals, recalls that of the Mesolithic-Neolithic sites to the east of the Caspian sea, Dam Dam Chesme II and the cave of Dzhebel. According to Sergent, the Dzhebel material is related to a Paleolithic material of Northwestern Iran, the Zarzian culture, dated 10,000-8,500 BC, and in the more ancient Kebarian of the Near East.
Four of them turned out to belong to yDNA Haplogroup G2 and six of them possessed mtDNA haplogroup I. In 2015, the Institute of Archaeology in Moscow conducted research on various Sarmato-Alan and Saltovo-Mayaki culture Kurgan burials. In these analyses, the two Alan samples from the 4th to 6th century AD turned out to belong to yDNA haplogroups G2a-P15 and R1a-z94, while two of the three Sarmatian samples from the 2nd to 3rd century AD were found to belong to yDNA haplogroup J1-M267 while one belonged to R1a.дДНК Сарматы, Аланы Google Maps Three Saltovo-Mayaki samples from the 8th to 9th century AD turned out to have yDNA corresponding to haplogroups G, J2a-M410 and R1a-z94.
24th Rifle Division took the lead in a further attack on December 4. The 304th was to support and protect its right flank as it drove on Hill 113.6 and the village of Baburkin, 3 km beyond. Despite significant artillery support the assault made only limited gains. Chernyi Kurgan was taken, and would be a thorn in the side of 44th Division through the coming weeks, but nearly all other gains were erased by German counterattacks. On December 6, in an effort to restore its main battle line, German VIII Army Corps launched several counterattacks against the hill, which 24th Division had turned into a virtual fortress, as well as the Golaia ravine, defended by the 27th Guards and 304th.
Head of a Saka warrior, as a defeated enemy of the Yuezhi, from Khalchayan, 1st century BC.Also a Saka according to this source The earliest studies could only analyze segments of mtDNA, thus providing only broad correlations of affinity to modern West Eurasian or East Eurasian populations. For example, in a 2002 study the mitochondrial DNA of Saka period male and female skeletal remains from a double inhumation kurgan at the Beral site in Kazakhstan was analysed. The two individuals were found to be not closely related. The HV1 mitochondrial sequence of the male was similar to the Anderson sequence which is most frequent in European populations. The HV1 sequence of the female suggested a greater likelihood of Asian origins.
During the 1996 campaign, his team excavated parts of a large temple complex in the southeastern part of the city and parts of a palace in the west of the city in strata dated to the third millennium BCE. A larger building complex from the middle Assyrian period (13th century BCE) was also excavated. Until 1997 Orthmann was also responsible for work in the Alazani valley in eastern Georgia on behalf of the German Research Foundation (DFG) with the objective of completely excavating a large grave mound (kurgan originating in the last third of the third millennium BCE near the Alazani River. Excavations were also performed under his direction by an expedition from Saarland University at Halawa (Syria) in the Euphrates Valley from 1975 to 1986.
Canadian funds are also being used for the operation of a Green Cross Public Outreach Office, to keep the civilian population informed on the progress made in chemical weapons destruction activities. As of July 2011, Russia has destroyed 48 percent (18,241 tons) of its stockpile at destruction facilities located in Gorny (Saratov Oblast) and Kambarka (Udmurt Republic) – where operations have finished – and Schuch'ye (Kurgan Oblast), Maradykovsky (Kirov Oblast), Leonidovka (Penza Oblast) whilst installations are under construction in Pochep (Bryansk Oblast) and Kizner (Udmurt Republic). As August 2013, 76 percent (30,500 tons) were destroyed, and Russia leaves the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program, which partially funded chemical weapons destruction. In September 2017, OPCW announced that Russia had destroyed its entire chemical weapons stockpile.
The TV series originally intended to feature Connor MacLeod as the protagonist, picking up seven years after his battle with his enemy the Kurgan at the end of the original Highlander movie. When, film actor Christopher Lambert turned down an offer to reprise the role of Connor for the series, the producers decided to simply recast the role. Adrian Paul auditioned and was cast but then suggested that since Lambert's portrayal of Connor was popular with fans it would be better to create a new character rather than try to replace him. The production agreed that doing this would allow the show more freedom to create its own hero and so it was decided that Adrian Paul would now be playing Connor's student and kinsman Duncan MacLeod.
From these teams were the names of players who would serve the club for many years to come including Ross White, George Booth, Vic Thacker, Fred Henderson, Bob Sanders, Bob Hogue, Brian Wedgwood and Bob Rosser to name a few. In the late 1960s, Fremantle adopted the Roosters nickname and the club song was conceived. Success continued in the 1970s thanks to a new generation of local players including Alec Lockley, who won a record four Brice Trophies, Ray Dorey, Gary Holtham, Peter Slater, Peter Cumins and Don (Rocky) Kurgan. Alec won his first trophy as a seventeen-year-old in 1973 and played a significant part in the Roosters 1976 & 1977 successes. Fremantle had plenty to celebrate in 1978.
Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close-quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors. Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times. German soldiers positioning themselves for urban warfare In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows and breached the walls in the basement for better communications.
Eternal Flame in Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex The work of sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and engineer Nikolai Nikitin is an figure of a woman stepping forward with a raised sword. The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, which calls on its sons and daughters to repulse the enemy and return to the attack. The Motherland Calls is highly complex from an engineering point of view, due to its characteristic posture with a sword raised high in the right hand and the left hand extended in a calling gesture. The technology behind the hollow statue is based on a combination of prestressed concrete with wire ropes, a solution which can also be found in another work of Nikitin's, the Ostankino Tower in Moscow.
His "Anatolian hypothesis" posited that this group lived 2,000 years before the Kurgans, in Anatolia, later diffusing to Greece, then Italy, Sicily, Corsica, the Mediterranean coast of France, Spain, and Portugal. Another branch migrated along the fertile river valleys of the Danube and Rhine into central and northern Europe. He developed the Anatolian hypothesis, which argues that Proto-Indo-European, the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European languages, originated approximately 9,000 years ago in Anatolia and moved with the spread of farming throughout the Mediterranean and into central and northern Europe. This hypothesis contradicted Marija Gimbutas's Kurgan hypothesis, which states that Proto-Indo-European was spread by a migration of peoples from the Pontic-Caspian steppe approximately 6,000 years ago.
In translation from Azerbaijani, it means "big settlement" ("aghja" – big, "badi" – residence, settlement). The ancient monuments discovered on the territory of Aghjabadi rayon attest to human habitation dating to the Eneolithic, Bronze Age periods. There are also remnants of the Middle Ages found at the Kamiltepe, Nargiztepe, Garakober, Yantepe, Galatepe and Gavur archeological sites. Among the remains of the Eneolithic Age are the cemetery and the residence site called "Kichik" on the kurgan barrow in the village of Boyat, ruins of an ancient settlement Yastitepe in the village of Hindarx, residence sites Akhanglitepe, Keshaltitepe, Jafargulutepe, Husulutepe in Hacılar village, ruins of Kamiltepe and Shahtepe settlements in Yeni Qaradolaq village, the archeological sites of Sutepe, Agtepe and Janavartepe in Taynaq village, Mirvaritepe I and II, Abiltepe I and II, Muhammedtepe in the İmamqulubəyli municipality.
The most ancient examples of these monuments are "Stone Box Necropolis" in the village of Ezettd, belonging to the early I millennium BC, "Miki dolmen necropolis" in Miki village. The sixth-century "Holobin stone necropolis" in the village of Rıvadila, I and II - Siyaku settlements in the Siyaku village of the Bronze Age and ancient times, "Baba Jabbar morgue" of the Bronze Age, "Tangrud mound", "Seyidcamal morgue", "Vaqo" mounds, "Big Mountain Mound", 4 "Siyaki mounds", "Ahikabal morgue" in Artupa village, 3 kurgan, Lovayn morgue in Alaska village, "Binagay mounds" in Binabey village, Koraoba stone necropolis in Koraoba village of Iron Age p. can be shown. There are hundreds of archaeological material-cultural examples in the Anbaran, Bakhchis, Peards, Chaiyazzi, Unuz, Tangov, Novustor, Dilmadi, Siyov and other ancient settlements that are border villages in Iran.
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from c. 4000 to 1000 BCE according to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis The Indo-European migrations were the migrations of Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) speakers, as proposed by contemporary scholarship, and the subsequent migrations of people speaking further developed Indo-European languages, which explains why the Indo- European languages are spoken in a large area from India and Iran to Europe. While there can be no direct evidence of prehistoric languages, both the existence of Proto-Indo-European and the dispersal of its daughter dialects through wide-ranging migrations are inferred through a synthesis of data from linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and genetics. Comparative linguistics describes the similarities between various languages and the linguistic laws at play in the changes in those languages (see Indo-European studies).
Since the early 1980s the mainstream consensus among Indo-Europeanists favors Marija Gimbutas' "Kurgan hypothesis", c.q. David Anthony's "Revised Steppe theory", derived from Gimbutas' pioneering work, placing the Indo-European homeland in the Pontic steppe, more specifically, between the Dniepr (Ukraine) and the Ural river (Russia), of the Chalcolithic period (4th to 5th millennia BCE), where various related cultures developed. The Pontic steppe is a large area of grasslands in far Eastern Europe, located north of the Black Sea, Caucasus Mountains and Caspian Sea and including parts of eastern Ukraine, southern Russia and northwest Kazakhstan. This is the time and place of the earliest domestication of the horse, which according to this hypothesis was the work of early Indo-Europeans, allowing them to expand outwards and assimilate or conquer many other cultures.
It is likely that their arrival was one of gradual settlement and not as an invading army. In accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis, J. P. Mallory notes in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture that it is likely that the Anatolians reached the Near East from the north, either via the Balkans or the Caucasus in the 3rd millennium BCE. According to Anthony, descendants of archaic Proto-Indo-European steppe herders, who moved into the lower Danube valley about 4200–4000 BCE, later moved into Anatolia, at an unknown time, but maybe as early as 3,000 BCE. According to Parpola, the appearance of Indo-European speakers from Europe into Anatolia, and the appearance of Hittite, is related to later migrations of Proto-Indo-European speakers from the Yamna-culture into the Danube Valley at ca.
According to the official regional history, on the territory of the modern-day Nedryhayliv district were settlements formed during the late Paleolithic Era (as early as 15,000 years ago), lasting through the Bronze Age and into early Iron Age. In addition to these settlements, archaeologists discovered evidence of the Chernyakhov and Maryanivska cultures, Kurgan burial grounds of the Scythian era, and remains of a settlement of the early Slavs from the first centuries A.D. The area in the region was populated by Severian settlers during the Kyivan Rus' period. Archaeological excavations in 1972 uncovered artifacts from this period, including early Slavic pottery, a beaded necklace, and remnants of metallic weaponry. It is likely that the ancient settlement of Nedryhayliv ceased to exist after the Mongolian-Tatar Invasion of 1239.
Frederik Kortlandt's assessment takes into account the typological similarity of Proto-Indo-European to the Northwest Caucasian languages. Assuming that the similarity can be attributed to areal factors, Kortlandt thought of Indo-European as a branch of Uralo- Altaic that was transformed under the influence of a Caucasian-like substratum. Frederik Kortlandt: The spread of the Indo-Europeans, 1989 Kortlandt had in mind areal factors that would be essentially in agreement with the Kurgan hypothesis and an origin in the eastern part of the Great European Plain. That should be kept distinct from linguist Peter Schrijver's speculation on the reminiscent lexical and typological features of a family of languages featuring complex verbs, a structural type of which the Northwest Caucasian languages are the sole survivors in the region, Peter Schrijver.
21 However, Hittitologist J.G. Macqueen suggested that these tombs, while constructed by an Indo-European people, were not constructed by Anatolian- speakers, such as Hittites: > "[...] there is no sign of any spread of this kurgan culture further south > in Anatolia, so it cannot be linked to the spread of Hittite, to say nothing > of Palaic or Luwian. The language of the rulers who were buried in the Alaca > tombs, although probably Indo-European, was almost certainly not Proto- > Hittite."Macqueen, J. G. The Hittites, and Their Contemporaries in Asia > Minor, revised and enlarged, Ancient Peoples and Places series, Thames and > Hudson, 1996 p. 32 Many of the artefacts discovered at Alacahöyük, including magnificent Hattian gold and bronze objects found in the Royal Tombs, are housed today in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara.
Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk were left. On July 22, 1919, the Siberian army was divided into the 1st (on the Tyumen direction) and the 2nd (on the Kurgan direction) Siberian armies, which together with the 3rd army (the former Western army) formed the Eastern Front under the command of General Mikhail Diterikhs . The southern army group of the Western army did not manage to take Orenburg, and in August, after the beginning of the general retreat of the whites, it also retreated to the east. The 1st and 2nd Siberian armies successfully participated in the Tobolsk offensive operation (August - October 1919), but after the collapse of the Eastern front, which took place in October–November 1919, their remnants retreated to Transbaikalia, where they continued to fight against the Bolsheviks until November 1920.
Around this time, some of these communities began the domestication of the horse. According to the Kurgan hypothesis, the north-west of the region is also considered to be the source of the root of the Indo-European languages. The horse-drawn chariot appears in the 3rd millennium BC, by 2000 BC, in the form of war chariots with spoked wheels, thus being made more maneuverable, and dominated the battlefields. The growing use of the horse, combined with the failure, roughly around 2000 BC, of the always precarious irrigation systems that had allowed for extensive agriculture in the region, gave rise and dominance of pastoral nomadism by 1000 BC, a way of life that would dominate the region for the next several millennia, giving rise to the Scythian expansion of the Iron Age.
Bayesian analysis has been criticized on account of its inferring the lifespan of a language from that of some of its words; the idiosyncratic outcome of, for example, the Albanian language raises doubts about the method and the data.. Linguist Andrew Garrett, commenting on Bouckaert et al. (2012), stated that "[t]here is bias in the underlying data that leads to an erroneous conclusion, and strong evidence that is ignored which still strongly supports the Kurgan hypothesis." According to David Anthony, "this type of model doesn't match the complex linguistic and archaeological evidence," stating that "[t]he study is an example of retrofitting evidence to a model, but the results of such a model are only as useful as the underlying data and assumptions." Linguist Paul Heggarty from the Max Planck Institute wrote in 2014:.
The treasures of the Issyk mound and an exact copy of «The Golden man» are located in the Kazakh Museum of archaeology in Almaty city and in the State Museum of gold and precious metals of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Astana city. «The Golden man» on the winged leopard is one of the national symbols of Kazakhstan. Copies of the Saks warrior installed in many cities of Kazakhstan. One of the copies crowns the Independence monument on the Republic square in Almaty city. Altogether, in the excavations, found five tombs with the so- called «The Golden man»: the second «The Golden man» found in the Barrow Araltobe, the third in Chiliktinsk Kurgan Biglobe, the fourth near Astana city and fifth found in the burial ground Taldy Karkaralinsk district.
In the context of the Kurgan hypothesis, Graeco-Aryan is also known as "Late Proto-Indo-European" or "Late Indo-European" to suggest that Graeco-Aryan forms a dialect group, which corresponds to the latest stage of linguistic unity in the Indo-European homeland in the early part of the 3rd millennium BC. By 2500 BC, Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian had separated, moving westward and eastward from the Pontic Steppe, respectively.Martin Litchfield West, Indo-European poetry and myth (2007), p. 7. If Graeco-Aryan is a valid group, Grassmann's law may have a common origin in Greek and Sanskrit. However, Grassmann's law in Greek postdates certain sound changes that happened only in Greek and not Sanskrit, which suggests that it could not have been inherited directly from a common Graeco-Aryan stage.
The Aryan Invasion theory has been discarded in mainstream scholarship since the 1980s, and replaced by more sophisticated models, referred to as the Indo-Aryan migration theory. It posits the introduction of Indo-Aryan languages into South Asia through migrations of Indo-European-speaking people from their Urheimat (original homeland) in the Pontic Steppes via Central Asia into the Levant (Mitanni), south Asia, and Inner Asia (Wusun and Yuezhi). It is part of the Kurgan-hypothesis/Revised Steppe Theory, which further describes the spread of Indo-European languages into western Europe via migrations of Indo-European speaking people. Historical linguistics provides the main basis for the theory, analysing the development and changes of languages, and establishing relations between the various Indo-European languages, including the time frame of their development.
The lyrics of the song, particularly the line "out of the blue and into the black", are an epigraph and are also featured prominently in Stephen King's novel It. The line, "It's better to burn out than to fade away", was included in Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain's suicide note in 1994. It is also referenced in Panic! At The Disco's "Nicotine", Def Leppard's "Rock of Ages", Hole's "Reasons to be Beautiful", Bosse's "Schönste Zeit", Meg Myers' "Some People", and most recently Machine Gun Kelly’s “27”. It is also spoken by Kurgan (Clancy Brown) in the 1986 fantasy adventure film Highlander in the modern day church scene. This line is used in Queen’s “Gimme the Prize (Kurgan’s Theme)” from the album A Kind of Magic, which functioned as that film’s soundtrack.
Map based on The Aryan Non-Invasionist Model by Koenraad Elst In two books, Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate (1999) and Asterisk in Bhāropīyasthān (2007), Elst argues that the Indo-European languages originated in India and spread to the Middle East and Europe when the Aryans. This viewpoint, commonly called the Out of India theory, opposes the widely held contemporary academical view that the Indo-European languages originated in the Kurgan culture of the Central Asian steppes, from where migrations brought the proto-Indo-European language to the Indian subcontinent in the second millennium BCE. According to Elst, the linguistic data are a soft type of evidence and compatible with a variety of scenarios. The dominant linguistic theories may be compatible with an out-of-India scenario for Indo-European expansion.
The Kurgan hypothesis describes the initial spread of Proto-Indo-European during the 5th and 4th millennia BC.The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, 22:587–588 As used by Gimbutas, the term "kurganized" implied that the culture could have been spread by no more than small bands who imposed themselves on local people as an elite. This idea of the PIE language and its daughter-languages diffusing east and west without mass movement proved popular with archaeologists in the 1970s (the pots-not-people paradigm).Razib Khan, Facing the ocean, Discover Magazine, 28 August 2012. The question of further Indo-Europeanization of Central and Western Europe, Central Asia and Northern India during the Bronze Age is beyond its scope, far more uncertain than the events of the Copper Age, and subject to some controversy.
Kniaz (Ukrainian: князь knyaz', etymologically related to the English word king from Old English cyning, meaning "tribe", related the German König, and the Scandinavian konung, probably borrowed early from the Proto-Germanic Kuningaz, a form also borrowed by Finnish and Estonian "Kuningas"; the title and functions however of a Kniaz corresponded, though not exact, to more of a Prince or Duke), a title given to members of Ukrainian nobility that arose during the Rurik dynasty. Kurgan (Ukrainian: курга́н "tumulus"), a type of burial mound found in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Naftohaz or Naftogaz (Ukrainian: Нафтогаз; Russian: Нафтогаз), the national oil and gas company of Ukraine, literally "Oil and gas". Surzhyk (Ukrainian: су́ржик; Russian: су́ржик), a mixed (macaronic) sociolects of Ukrainian and Russian languages used in certain regions of Ukraine and adjacent lands.
According to Anthony, "the spread of the Yamnaya horizon was the material expression of the spread of late Proto-Indo-European across the Pontic-Caspian steppes." Anthony further notes that "the Yamnaya horizon is the visible archaeological expression of a social adjustment to high mobility – the invention of the political infrastructure to manage larger herds from mobile homes based in the steppes." The Yamna horizon is reflected in the disappearance of long-term settlements between the Don and the Ural and the brief periods of usage of kurgan cemeteries, which begin to appear deep into the steppes between the major river valleys. The eastern part (Volga-Ural-North Caucasian) of the Yamna horizon was more mobile than the western part (South Bug-lower Don), which was more farming-oriented.
The 79th Guards Rifle Division () was an infantry division of the Red Army during World War II. It was created on 1 March 1943 from the remnants of the 284th Rifle Division, in recognition of that division's stalwart defense against the German Sixth Army in the Battle of Stalingrad, in particular the Mamayev Kurgan hill and parts of the city's center. The 79th Guards continued a record of distinguished service through the rest of the Great Patriotic War, and continued to serve postwar, in several roles, until being finally disbanded in 1992. It became the 20th Guards Mechanized Division in 1945, 27th Guards Tank Division in 1957, and the 79th Guards Tank Division in 1965. It served with the 8th Guards Army from 1943 until it was disbanded.
He, like Gimbutas, demonstrates how there were Kurgan settlements as far west into the Cucuteni-Trypillia region as Transylvania, and postulates that the two cultures would have intermingled: > Ethnographic evidence suggests a very fluid boundary between mobile and > settled communities, and it is entirely probable that some pastoralists may > have settled permanently whilst Tripoleans may have become integrated into > the more mobile steppe communities. The resultant archaeological evidence > certainly suggests the creation of hybrid communities. By the middle of the > fourth millennium B.C. we witness the transformation of Late Tripolye groups > into new cultural entities. Probably the most noted is the Usatovo culture > which occupied the territory from the lower Dniester to the mouth of the > Danube...In some aspects the culture retains traditional Tripolye styles of > painted wares and figures.
Immortals can absorb the Quickening of another by taking their head, and so many battle one another in mortal combat to increase their power. Ramírez says that one day when only a few remain they will be pulled to a "faraway land" and fight in the Gathering, where the final survivor will take the Prize: the collected power of all immortals who ever lived, enough power to enslave humanity. In the film's present-day story, the Gathering is now occurring in 1985 in New York City where MacLeod lives as an antique dealer, working alongside his adopted daughter Rachel. The Highlander still lives and must ensure the Prize is not won by The Kurgan (Clancy Brown), the same ruthless immortal who once hunted him and killed Ramírez centuries before.
In the early 1980s, a mainstream consensus had emerged among Indo-Europeanists in favour of the "Kurgan hypothesis" (named after the kurgans, burial mounds, of the Eurasian steppes) placing the Indo-European homeland in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of the Chalcolithic. This was not least due to the influence of the Journal of Indo-European Studies, edited by J. P. Mallory, that focused on the ideas of Marija Gimbutas and offered some improvements. Gimbutas had created a modern variation on the traditional invasion theory in which the Indo-Europeans were a nomadic tribe in Eastern Ukraine and Southern Russia and expanded on horseback in several waves during the 3rd millennium BC. Their expansion coincided with the taming of the horse. Leaving archaeological signs of their presence (see Corded Ware culture), they subjugated the peaceful European Neolithic farmers of Gimbutas' Old Europe.
Many female kurgan obelisks (and some male) are naked above the belt, but below a belt and dress are visible, sometimes two dresses, one longer underneath, and another on the top, as a semi-'kaftan' or a short furcoat, with appliques and inserts (the ornaments of inserts consist of geometrical lines, double spirals, etc., or even cuirass). Others have stripes on the shoulders, many have two stripes (seldom three, or one wide across), plates (apparently, metal) on the breast attached to a belt or, more often, to two belts. On the belt sometimes is possible to distinguish a buckle in the middle or thongs hanging from it with sometimes attached bag, a round metal pocket mirror, knife, comb, sometimes also is shown (male statues) a dagger or a straight sword, a bow, a ‘kolchan’ (quiver), a hook, an axe.
The range of Luka-Raikovets culture marked in yellow, and approximate location of Carpathian Croats (Білі Хорвати) in the 7th-9th century. According to research by Sedov in 1979, all early mentions of Croatian ethnonym are in the areas where ceramics of Prague- Penkovka culture were found. It originated in the area between Dniester and Dnieper, and later expanded to the West, and its bearers were the Antes tribes. A. V. Majorov criticized Sedov's consideration, who almost exclusively related the Croats with Penkovka culture and the Antes, because the territory the Croats inhabited in the middle and upper Dniester and the upper Vistula was part of Prague-Korchak culture related to Sclaveni which was characteristic for the Kurgan-type of burial which was also found in the upper Elbe territory where presumably lived the Czech Croats.
Animated map of Indo-European migrations in accordance with the Kurgan hypothesis. Much of Lehmann's research centered on the Proto-Indo-European language. In 1949, Lehmann transferred to the University of Texas at Austin, which at the time had about 12,000 students and was known for its strength in philology and for its university library. He subsequently served as Associate Professor (1949-1951) and Professor (1951-1962) of Germanic Languages at University of Texas at Austin. During this time Lehmann published his influential work Proto-Indo-European Phonology (1952). Since 1953, Lehmann served as Chairman of the Department of Germanic Languages (1953-1964), Acting Chairman of the Department of Slavic Languages (1960-1965). In 1963 he was made Ashbel Smith Professor of Linguistics and Germanic Linguistics (1963-1983). The Ashbel Smith professorship accorded him twice the salary of an ordinary professor.
Domination by men of women is found in the Ancient Near East as far back as 3100 BCE, as are restrictions on a woman's reproductive capacity and exclusion from "the process of representing or the construction of history". According to some researchers, with the appearance of the Hebrews, there is also "the exclusion of woman from the God-humanity covenant". The archaeologist Marija Gimbutas argues that waves of kurgan-building invaders from the Ukrainian steppes into the early agricultural cultures of Old Europe in the Aegean, the Balkans and southern Italy instituted male hierarchies that led to the rise of patriarchy in Western society. Steven Taylor argues that the rise of patriarchal domination was associated with the appearance of socially stratified hierarchical polities, institutionalised violence and the separated individuated ego associated with a period of climatic stress.
Sydorenko was born Taldy-Kurgan, Kazakhstan, then part of the USSR At the age of 8 he took an interest in the painting, at the age of 10 - in the photography. After completing his secondary education and doing his military service Sydorenko entered Kharkov Art-Industrial Institute (the Kharkov State Academy of Design and Arts) from which in 1979 he graduated with the degree with distinction. The student of the professor, the winner of The USSR State Prize, B.Kosarev, in 1981 he became the post-graduate student of the creative workshops of the Art School of the USSR. (The supervisor of studies – the academician, the professor, the member of Academy of arts of the USSR, the Winner of The USSR State Prize, S.Grigorev) At the same time Victor worked as an art director of the film The Anatomy of the miracle, director V.Ivanov).
Hinduism in Russia According to the 2012 official census, Hinduism is practised by 140,000 people, or 0.1% of the total population. It constitutes 2% of the population in the Altai Republic, 0.5% in Samara Oblast, 0.4% in Khakassia, Kalmykia, Bryansk Oblast, Kamchatka, Kurgan Oblast, Tyumen Oblast and Chelyabinsk Oblast, 0.3% in Sverdlovsk Oblast, 0.2% to 0.3% in Yamalia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, Rostov Oblast and Sakhalin Oblast, and 0.1% to 0.2% in other federal subjects. See also the results' main interactive mapping and the static mappings: The Sreda Arena Atlas was realised in cooperation with the All-Russia Population Census 2010 (Всероссийской переписи населения 2010) and the Russian Ministry of Justice (Минюста РФ). In 2006, the Russian capital Moscow has an estimated 10,000 Hare Krishna devotees and at least 5,000 Indians, Sri Lankans, Nepalese, and Mauritians following Hindu denominations.
Shelton lists a total of 140 officer commissioning schools, drawn from a KZ list of 17 January 1980.Christina F. Shelton, "The Soviet Military Education System for Commissioning and Training Officers", a bibliographical description and a link to the document in PDF format, Appendix. That total included 15 Air Defence Forces schools (four Fighter Aviation, five radio-electronics, and six Anti-Aircraft Rocket), and 24 Air Forces (nine Higher Aviation Schools of Pilots, including the Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots at Borisoglebsk, two navigator schools (including the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators "50th Anniversary of the Komsomols"), the Khar'kov Higher Military Aviation Command School of Signals, five three-year technical secondary schools, six Air Force engineering schools (including the Kiev Higher Military Aviation Engineering School), and the Kurgan Higher Military-Political Aviation School.
Power is administered by five major Noble Houses, five major guilds within the Merchants League, and six major sects of the Universal Church of the Celestial Sun. While most role-playing situations arise from the strict codes regulating the everyday life of the empire's citizens, the Imperial Age is rife with opportunities for adventure. Following the fall of the old regime, and centuries of darkness and warfare, most worlds have slipped backward to a technology level not much more advanced than 21st century Earth, and a number of alien threats lurk in the shadows. Pushing at the borders of the Known Worlds lurk the mutangenic horror of the Symbiots, the ancient and enigmatic Vau, and the barbarian empires of the Kurgan and the Vuldrok, all waiting for their chance to throw humanity into darkness and chaos.
The town does not appear to be of any great antiquity, although after Alexander the Great's ransacking of Marakanda (Samarkand), the center of cultural life in that part of the Zeravshan valley may briefly have shifted west to the region around Katta-Kurgan. According to F.F. Pospelov, a fortress was built on the current site by the local saint Sufi Allahyar and his two brothers, Farhat-Atalyk and Allah-Nazar-bii, in 1095 AH/1684 AD, and the town subsequently grew up around it. It was the seat of a Bek (local Governor) under the rule of the Bukharan Manghit dynasty. In 1868, following the fall of Samarkand to the Russians and the annexation of the Upper Zeravshan Valley from Bukhara, it became the border town between Russian Turkestan and the Bukharan Emirate, and the center of a district.
Human site occupation density was relatively high in the Crimean region and increased as early as c. 16,000 years before the present. Proponents of the Black Sea deluge hypothesis believe Crimea did not become a peninsula until relatively recently, with the rising of the Black Sea level in the 6th millennium BC. The beginning of the Neolithic in Crimea is not associated with agriculture, but instead with the beginning of pottery production, changes in flint tool-making technologies, and local domestication of pigs. The earliest evidence of domesticated wheat in the Crimean peninsula is from the Chalcolithic Ardych-Burun site, dating to the middle of the 4th millennium BC By the 3rd millennium BC, Crimea had been reached by the Yamna or "pit grave" culture, assumed to correspond to a late phase of Proto-Indo- European culture in the Kurgan hypothesis.
The Pazyryk burials are a number of Scythian (Saka) "The rich kurgan burials in Pazyryk, Siberia probably were those of Saka chieftains" "Analysis of the clothing, which has analogies in the complex of Saka clothes, particularly in Pazyryk, led Wang Binghua (1987, 42) to the conclusion that they are related to the Saka Culture." "The dress of Iranian-speaking Saka and Scythians is easily reconstructed on the basis of... numerous archaeological discoveries from the Ukraine to the Altai, particularly at Issyk in Kazakhstan... at Pazyryk... and Ak-Alakha" Iron Age tombs found in the Pazyryk Valley and the Ukok plateau in the Altai Mountains, Siberia, south of the modern city of Novosibirsk, Russia; the site is close to the borders with China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Horseman, Pazyryk felt artifact, c.300 BC. For another felt artifact, see here.
According to co-author Andrea Manica of the University of Cambridge: Several genetic studies performed since 2015 have given support to the Kurgan theory of Marija Gimbutas regarding the Indo-European Urheimat – that Indo-European languages spread throughout Europe from the Eurasian steppes and that the Yamnaya culture were Proto-Indo-Europeans. According to those studies, haplogroups R1b and R1a, now the most common in Europe (R1a is also common in South Asia), would have expanded from the Pontic–Caspian steppes, along with the Indo- European languages. They also detected an autosomal component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic Europeans, which would have been introduced with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, as well as Indo- European languages in the Bronze Age. Forensic facial reconstruction of a male from the Dnieper-Donets culture.
Anthony gives a broad overview of the linguistic and archaeological evidence for the early origins and spread of the Indo-European languages, describing a revised version of Marija Gimbutas's Kurgan hypothesis. Anthony describes the development of local cultures at the northern Black Sea coast, from hunter- gatherers to herders, under the influence of the Balkan cultures, which introduced cattle, horses and bronze technology. When the climate changed between 3500 and 3000 BCE, with the steppes becoming drier and cooler, those inventions led to a new way of life in which mobile herders moved into the steppes, developing a new kind of social organisation with patron-client and host-guest relationships. That new social organisation, with its related Indo- European languages, spread throughout Europe, Central Asia and South Asia because of its possibilities to include new members within its social structures.
Dean (2015) also uses a new methodology, by proposing a set of three criteria to help locate this landmark, and identifies it as Sulaiman-Too. All in all, there are four sites that are most often identified as the likely location of the Stone Tower: (i) the city of Tashkent, in Uzbekistan; (ii) the Sulaiman- Too mountain in Osh, Kyrgyzstan; (iii) the town of Daraut-Kurgan in south- western Kyrgyzstan; and (iv) the town of Tashkurgan, in Xinjiang, China. However, some historians also consider the Hormeterium, located nearby in the mountains close to the crossover point with China, to be one and the same as the Stone Tower; and believe this landmark to be the settlement of Irkeshtam. All four sites mentioned above, as well as Irkeshtam, can be seen on the Map of Silk Roads over the Roof of Asia.
They include Tall al-Ajjul (Gaza strip, dating back to 2100 BC), Central Iran, where horse burials are attested in the second millennium BC, Marlik (in Iran, from the late second millennium BCE), and Gordium (in Phrygia, with horse burials attested possibly after 700 BCE). A horse burial from Bactria provides evidence of the migration in the second millennium BCE of horse cultures from Central Asia into Turkmenistan. A horse burial in Tell el-Dab'a, Egypt, evidences the introduction of the horse to Egypt by the Hyksos, in the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (1650–1550 BCE). A nomad's kurgan burial of around 700 BCE at Kostromskaya in southern Russia included, as well as the principal male body with his accoutrements, thirteen humans with no adornment above him, and around the edges of the burial twenty-two horses buried in pairs.
The Kurgan hypothesis: South Russia as the urheimat of Indo-European peoples In 2006, 1.5-million-year-old Oldowan flint tools were discovered in the Dagestan Akusha region of the north Caucasus, demonstrating the presence of early humans in Russia from a very early time. The discovery of some of the earliest evidence for the presence of anatomically modern humans found anywhere in Europe was reported in 2007 from the deepest levels of the Kostenki archaeological site near the Don River in Russia, which has been dated to at least 40,000 years ago. Arctic Russia was reached by 40,000 years ago. That Russia was also home to some of the last surviving Neanderthals was revealed by the discovery of the partial skeleton of a Neanderthal infant in Mezmaiskaya cave in Adygea, which was carbon dated to only 29,000 years ago.
For the seventh season, the league once again went through some big changes, with both a small number of teams joining the league, but also with a huge number of teams leaving. Those teams leaving included MHC Khimik, who left the league to join the Supreme Hockey League (VHL), the junior team of EC Red Bull Salzburg, the junior team of HC Energie Karlovy Vary, Belye Tigry, Berkuty Kubani Krasnodar, Junior Kurgan, Dinamo-Shinnik and JHC Yunost (the junior team of Yunost Minsk). Meanwhile, new teams joining the league included the Russia U18 squad as well as Sarmaty from Orenburg (the junior team of Yuzhny Ural Orsk) and Dinamo-Raubichi (then the junior team of Dinamo Minsk) from Minsk, Belarus. Chaika returned to the Kharlamov Cup final, but were not able to repeat as champions, with Loko Yaroslavl (the junior team of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl) winning the series, 4–1.
After an attempt by the rescue tug Merkury to pump out the flooded compartments, Sovershenny was towed into the shallows of Kazachya bay for the night due to fears of her sinking from loss of reserve buoyancy. On the next morning, pontoons were placed under the hull and she was towed back to Sevastopol, being placed in a floating dock to patch the hole in her hull on 2 October. The destroyer was subsequently transferred to the drydock of Shipyard No. 201.Platonov, p. 219, Yakubov & Worth, p. 113 A 130 mm gun from Sovershenny used by a battery on Malakhov Kurgan During an attack by German aircraft on 12 November, the destroyer was struck by two bombs during a raid by Heinkel He 111s of the First Group of Kampfgeschwader 27 (I./KG 27) and Junkers Ju 88s of KG 51.Forczyk, pp.
Archaeologists have identified many of these as fetishes or totems, which are believed to be imbued with powers that can help and protect the people who look after them. These Cucuteni–Trypillia figurines have become known popularly as goddesses; however, this term is not necessarily accurate for all female anthropomorphic clay figurines, as the archaeological evidence suggests that different figurines were used for different purposes (such as for protection), and so are not all representative of a goddess. There have been so many of these figurines discovered in Cucuteni–Trypillia sites that many museums in eastern Europe have a sizeable collection of them, and as a result, they have come to represent one of the more readily identifiable visual markers of this culture to many people. The archaeologist Marija Gimbutas based at least part of her Kurgan Hypothesis and Old European culture theories on these Cucuteni–Trypillia clay figurines.
Criticising scenarios which envision for the Neolithic only a small number of language families spread over huge areas of Europe (as in modern times), Donald Ringe has argued on general principles of language geography (as concerns "tribal", pre-state societies), and the scant remains of (apparently indigenous) non-Indo-European languages attested in ancient inscriptions, that Neolithic Europe must have been a place of great linguistic diversity, with many language families with no recoverable linguistic links to each other, much like western North America prior to European colonisation. Discussion of hypothetical languages spoken in the European Neolithic is divided into two topics, Indo-European languages and "Pre-Indo-European" languages. Early Indo-European languages are usually assumed to have reached Danubian (and maybe Central) Europe in the Chalcolithic or early Bronze Age, e.g. with the Corded Ware or Beaker cultures (see also Kurgan hypothesis for related discussions).
The Anatolian branch is generally considered the earliest to split from the Proto-Indo-European language, from a stage referred to either as Indo-Hittite or "Archaic PIE"; typically a date in the mid-4th millennium BC is assumed. Under the Kurgan hypothesis, there are two possibilities for how the early Anatolian speakers could have reached Anatolia: from the north via the Caucasus, and from the west, via the Balkans,While models assuming an Anatolian PIE homeland of course do not assume any migration at all, and the model assuming an Armenian homeland assumes straightforward immigration from the East. the latter of which is considered somewhat more likely by Mallory (1989), Steiner (1990) and Anthony (2007). Statistical research by Quentin Atkinson and others using Bayesian inference and glottochronological markers favors an Indo-European origin in Anatolia, though the method's validity and accuracy are subject to debate.
The earliest extant grave contained two young people, buried in a sitting position, dating to the late 4th millennium. On top of the kurgan was a Sarmatian grave of the 3rd century BCE. A woman had been buried here in extended position on the back, together with an exceptionally rich treasure of grave-goods: six solid golden necklets, two golden spiral bracelets, two golden finger rings made from Hellenistic coins, a gilded wooden cup decorated with zoomorphic figures, a short sword with gold-decorated pommel (the presence of a weapon in a woman's grave is not an unusual feature in Sarmatian contexts) and a gold-covered scabbard, a sheet gold buckle, a gilded wooden cosmetics container, and clay vessels. In the final phase, over one hundred simple graves were dug into the southern slope of the barrow; probably 18th century burials of the nomadic Turkic Nogai people.
Carpathian Tumuli culture The Carpathian Tumuli culture (or "Carpathian Kurgan culture") is the name given to an archaeological culture which evolved in the parts of the Carpathian Mountains between the end of the 2nd and end of the 4th century AD. It was less vast than the area occupied by the Lipiţa culture, encompassing today's Pokuttya, Maramureş, Bucovina and to a lesser extent, Northwest Moldova. The arrival of East Germanic tribes in the Upper Dniester region forced the Costoboci to withdraw or crowd into the Carpathians at the end of the 2nd century AD and the beginning of the 3rd, where a part of them were already living. Other groups migrated to the area of the Carpi people (Moldova) or remained to live together with the newly arrived peoples of the Przeworsk culture. Most of the material evidence of the culture suggests it was Dacian.
Three genetic studies in 2015 gave support to the Kurgan theory of Gimbutas regarding the Indo-European Urheimat. According to those studies, Y chromosome haplogroups R1b and R1a, now the most common in Europe (R1a is also common in South Asia) would have expanded from the Russian steppes, along with the Indo- European languages; they also detected an autosomal component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic Europeans, which would have been introduced with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, as well as Indo- European languages. Many geneticists consider Haplogroup R1a to be associated with the origins and spread of the Indo-Europeans. R1a1 shows a strong correlation with the distribution of the Indo-European languages in Europe and South Asia, being most prevalent in Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, and in central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Two specific subclades dominate, namely R1-Z282 in Eastern-Europe and R1-Z93 in South Asia and South- Siberia.
The usual form of burial during this period was inhumation (burial in the earth, covered by dirt and stones).. The earliest Mycenaean burials were mostly in individual graves in the form of a pit or a stone-lined cist and offerings were limited to pottery and occasional items of jewellery.; . Groups of pit or cist graves containing elite members of the community were sometimes covered by a tumulus (mound) in the manner established since the Middle Helladic.. It has been argued that this form dates back to the Kurgan culture;. however, Mycenaean burials are in actuality an indigenous development of mainland Greece with the Shaft Graves housing native rulers.. Pit and cist graves remained in use for single burials throughout the Mycenaean period alongside more elaborate family graves.. The shaft graves at Mycenae within Grave Circles A and B belonging to the same period represent an alternative manner of grouping elite burials.
The Ukok Plateau Polosmak and her team were guided by a border guard, Lt. Mikhail Chepanov, to a group of kurgans located in a strip of territory disputed between Russia and China. p. 95. A kurgan is a burial mound filled in with smaller sediment and covered with a pile of rocks; typically, the mound covered a tomb chamber, which contained a burial inside a log coffin, with accompanying grave goods. Such burial chambers were built from notched wood logs to form a small cabin, which may have resembled the semi-nomads’ winter shelters. The Ice Maiden's tomb chamber was constructed in this way, and the wood and other organic materials present have allowed her burial to be dated. A core sample from the logs of her chamber was analyzed by a dendrochronologist, and samples of organic matter from the horses’ stomachs were examined as well, indicating that the Ice Maiden was buried in the spring, at some point during the 5th century BC., p. 97.
The idea that a culturally different (although related) people arrived in the mouth of the Vistula, mixed with the Oksywie population, and came to dominate it due to their (cultural, at least) advancement is not at odds with the state of archeological findings and could explain the change of cultures in Pomerania around 30 CE. Archeology nevertheless shows the evolution of Oksywie culture to be the fundamental source of Wielbark culture, as the two cultures extended over exactly the same territory and continuously used the same cemeteries. The locally present Veneti and Rugians became influenced by the Goths or their Scandinavian predecessors. It is presently believed that the Scandinavian arrivals directly settled the areas where the great cult kurgan and stone burial grounds are found. They are referred to as the Odry-Węsiory- Grzybnica type, were established in the second half of the 1st century CE and occur in parts of Pomerania west of the Vistula, up to the Koszalin area.
Gimbutas believed that the expansions of the Kurgan culture were a series of essentially hostile military incursions where a new warrior culture imposed itself on the peaceful, matrilinear (hereditary through the female line), matrifocal, though egalitarian cultures of "Old Europe", replacing it with a patriarchal warrior society, a process visible in the appearance of fortified settlements and hillforts and the graves of warrior-chieftains: > The process of Indo-Europeanization was a cultural, not a physical, > transformation. It must be understood as a military victory in terms of > successfully imposing a new administrative system, language, and religion > upon the indigenous groups. In her later life, Gimbutas increasingly emphasized the authoritarian nature of this transition from the egalitarian process of the nature/earth mother goddess (Gaia) to a patriarchal society and the worship of the father/sun/weather god (Zeus, Dyaus). This supposed egalitarian, mother- goddess-worshipping society is not the same as a matriarchy in Gimbutas's view.
Leukon died in 349 BC, after a reign of around 40 years, he was at least 60 years old during the time of his death, placing his birth prior to or around 410 BC. His body is thought to have been placed in the Royal Kurgan,Excerpt from Aarchaeological Walks in Ancient Kerch (Russian) a burial mound where the previous Bosporan rulers had been placed in, in the outskirts of Panticapaeum. Leukon's actions mirrored those of his grandfather, Spartokos I, who usurped the former Greek dynasty of the Bosporan state, as well as those of his father Satyros, whom he often credited with transforming Panticapaeum from a mere hegemony into an expansive kingdom on the Black Sea which would go on to be the longest-lasting Roman client-state for another 800 years. Leukon's descendants would rule the Bosporus for another two centuries—the last of whom, Paerisades V, would die during a Scythian uprising.
Stone axe The sudden disappearance of the gigantic Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements is seen as a switch from extensive agricultural and mixed economy to one placing more emphasis on herding the livestock, particularly cattle. Although this coincided neatly with Gimbutas' theory of a complete cultural conquest by the Kurgan culture, which was pastoral, over the Cucuteni- Trypillia, which was agricultural, there may be another explanation for it based on what happened to the climate and environment towards the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture's existence. Beginning in 1975, with V. Danilenko and M. Shmaglij, scholars began to write about the Eneolithic as a time of "violation of equilibrium between society and the ambient environment." Ecological deterioration was beginning to accrue after millennia of farming and deforestation took their toll, making what had once been a land that was bursting with abundance and fertile soil into a relative desert of overworked soil, similar to the Dust Bowl of the American Great Plains during the 1930s.
In Brown's first mainstream movie he was cast as Viking Lofgren alongside Sean Penn in Bad Boys the 1983 crime drama. Brown is known for his role as the Kurgan in the 1986 film Highlander, his role as Captain Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption, Rawhide in The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984), Frankenstein's monster in The Bride (1985), Army mercenary Larry McRose in Extreme Prejudice, the role of a band manager in Thunder Alley (1985), vicious killer Steve in Shoot to Kill (1988), the police officer in Michael Jackson's short movie Speed Demon (1988), Dead Man Walking, Sheriff Gus Gilbert in Pet Sematary Two, Sergeant Zim in Starship Troopers (a role he would reprise in the animated series Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles), and Captain William Hadley in The Guardian. He also played a role in Flubber as one of the evil henchmen that get harmed by uncontrollably bouncing sports equipment. In 1989, he appeared in the action thriller Blue Steel.
Gamkrelidze and Ivanov held that the urheimat was south of the Caucasus, specifically, "within eastern Anatolia, the southern Caucasus and northern Mesopotamia" in the fifth to fourth millennia BC. Their proposal was based on a disputed theory of glottal consonants in PIE. According to Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, PIE words for material culture objects imply contact with more advanced peoples to the south, the existence of Semitic loan-words in PIE, Kartvelian (Georgian) borrowings from PIE, some contact with Sumerian, Elamite and others. However, given that the glottalic theory never caught on and there was little archaeological support, the Gamkrelidze and Ivanov theory did not gain support until Renfrew's Anatolian theory revived aspects of their proposal. Gamkrelidze and Ivanov proposed that the Greeks moved west across Anatolia to their present location, a northward movement of some IE speakers that brought them into contact with the Finno-Ugric languages, and suggested that the Kurgan area, or better "Black Sea and Volga steppe", was a secondary homeland from which the western IE languages emerged.
Location of early Yamnaya culture Archaeological research has unearthed a broad range of historical cultures which can be related to the spread of the Indo-European languages. Various steppe-cultures show strong similarities with the Yamna-horizon at the Pontic steppe, while the time-range of several Asian cultures also coincides with the proposed trajectory and time-range of the Indo-European migrations. According to the widely accepted Kurgan hypothesis or Steppe theory, the Indo-European language and culture spread in several stages from the Proto-Indo-European Urheimat in the Eurasian Pontic steppes into Western Europe, Central and South Asia, through folk migrations and so-called elite recruitment. This process started with the introduction of cattle at the Eurasian steppes around 5200 BCE, and the mobilisation of the steppe herder cultures with the introduction of wheeled wagons and horse-back riding, which led to a new kind of culture. Between 4,500 and 2,500 BCE, this "horizon", which includes several distinctive cultures, spread out over the Pontic steppes, and outside into Europe and Asia.
Further attacks on the next day again failed to take the water tank. On the 23rd the assault on the hill made only minor gains, as did an attack towards the Krasnyi Oktiabr. After a break of 24 hours, the best the division could do on the Kurgan was to improve its positions slightly. On November 29 the 284th lost 105 men killed or wounded in similar efforts; furthermore the 62nd Army was suffering severe shortages of supplies due to the partly-frozen Volga, and on the 30th it was finally ordered to go over to the defense.Glantz, Endgame in Stalingrad, Book One, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2014, pp. 288, 294, 333, 367, 461, 508 Further attacks on the hill took place on December 3. On that day, 295th Infantry Division reported 78 casualties, but the 284th made no significant gains in territory and was now down to an estimated strength of 1,500 men. The fighting was halted once again until December 14, when the division struck again, this time at 100th Jäger, with similar results.
A Sarmatian-Parthian gold necklace and amulet, 2nd century AD. Located in Tamoikin Art Fund In 1947, Soviet archaeologist Boris Grakov defined a culture flourishing from the 6th century BC to the 4th century AD, apparent in late kurgan graves (buried within earthwork mounds), sometimes reusing part of much older kurgans.Граков Б. Н. ГYNAIKOKPATOYMENOI (Пережитки матриархата у сарматов)//ВДИ, 1947. № 3 It was a nomadic steppe culture ranging from the Black Sea eastward to beyond the Volga, and is especially evident at two of the major sites at Kardaielova and Chernaya in the trans- Uralic steppe. The four phases – distinguished by grave construction, burial customs, grave goods, and geographic spread – are: #Sauromatian, 6th–5th centuries BC #Early Sarmatian, 4th–2nd centuries BC, also called the Prokhorovka culture #Middle Sarmatian, late 2nd century BC to late 2nd century AD #Late Sarmatian: late 2nd century AD to 4th century AD While "Sarmatian" and "Sauromatian" are synonymous as ethnonyms, they are given different meanings purely by convention as archaeological technical terms.
The primary advocate of the idea that the markings represent writing, and the person who invented the name "Old European Script", was Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994), an archaeologist and advocate of the hypothesis that the "Kurgan culture" (actually a cluster of many related cultures and horizons) of the Pontic steppe was the archaeological expression of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. She reconstructed a hypothetical pre-Indo-European "Old European civilization", which she defines as having occupied the area between the Dniester valley and the Sicily-Crete line. Gimbutas observed that neolithic European iconography was predominantly female—a trend also visible in the inscribed figurines of the Vinča culture—and concluded the existence of a "matristic" (woman-centered, but not necessarily matriarchal) culture that worshipped various gods and goddesses. (Gimbutas did not posit a single universal Great Goddess.) She also incorporated the Vinča markings into her model of Old Europe, suggesting that they might either be the writing system for an Old European language, or, more probably, a kind of "pre-writing" symbolic system.
In December 1995, Nurkadilov ran in the 1995 Kazakh legislative election and was elected as the member of the Mazhilis of the first convocation where he began to criticize the government and the ruling regime as a whole. As part of the opposition, Nurkadilov become close ally to the leaders of the Azamat Civil Movement and the Generation Pensioners' Movement. He made a speech at the protest rally on Chokan Valikhanov Square in December 1996, and in January 1997, Nurkadilov wrote an open letter to President Nursultan Nazarbayev with a sharp criticism his policies. When the Parliament moved to Astana, Nurkadilov himself refused to leave the former capital and unexpectedly received an appointment as akim of the enlarged Almaty Region, which has absorbed the territories of the former Almaty and Taldy-Kurgan regions. Having served as akim of the region from 1997 to 2001, Nurkadilov became most famous for his project to build an international airport north of Kapchagay and a propaganda campaign to collect gold items from the population of rural areas in a kind of “homeland fund”.
I, p.77 Briefly kept in Tyumen prison awaiting transport further east, he was sent to Kurgan in the custody of two gendarmes (October).Ornea, Vol.I, p.80-86 He was joined there by Maria, who gave birth to their son Roman in 1886.Ornea, Vol.I, p.87-88 Moving to Turinsk, the Steres joined a group of revolutionaries in internal exile; Constantin Stere agreed to print copies of a Narodnik magazine, using a hectograph, and was exposed during a raid by authorities.Ornea, Vol.I, p.90-93 He was swiftly taken to Tobolsk, then shipped down the Irtysh to the place where it met the Ob; he traveled to the village of Sharkala (the northernmost part of Siberia he ever reached) in a Khanty canoe,Ornea, Vol.I, p.93-94 and was then settled in Beryozovsky District, only to be arrested again and sent back to Tobolsk in the autumn of 1888.Ornea, Vol.I, p.93-96 He was tried for his activities in Turinsk, based on evidence collected by the Okhrana.Ornea, Vol.I, p.
As a Professor of European Archaeology and Indo-European Studies at UCLA from 1963 to 1989, Gimbutas directed major excavations of Neolithic sites in southeastern Europe between 1967 and 1980, including Anzabegovo, near Štip, Republic of Macedonia, and Sitagroi and Achilleion in Thessaly (Greece). Digging through layers of earth representing a period of time before contemporary estimates for Neolithic habitation in Europe – where other archaeologists would not have expected further finds – she unearthed a great number of artifacts of daily life and of religious cults, which she researched and documented throughout her career. Three genetic studies in 2015 gave support to the Kurgan theory of Gimbutas regarding the Indo-European Urheimat. According to those studies, haplogroups R1b and R1a, now the most common in Europe (R1a is also common in South Asia) would have expanded from the Russian steppes, along with the Indo European languages; they also detected an autosomal component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic Europeans, which would have been introduced with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, as well as Indo European languages.
Marija Gimbutas by Kerbstone 52, at the back of Newgrange, Co. Meath, Ireland, in September 1989 Gimbutas gained fame and notoriety in the English-speaking world with her last three English-language books: The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe (1974); The Language of the Goddess (1989), which inspired an exhibition in Wiesbaden, 1993–94; and the last of the three, The Civilization of the Goddess (1991), which, based on her documented archaeological findings, presented an overview of her conclusions about Neolithic cultures across Europe: housing patterns, social structure, art, religion, and the nature of literacy. The Civilization of the Goddess articulated what Gimbutas saw as the differences between the Old European system, which she considered goddess- and woman-centered (gynocentric), and the Bronze Age Indo-European patriarchal ("androcratic") culture which supplanted it. According to her interpretations, gynocentric (or matristic) societies were peaceful, honored women, and espoused economic equality. The androcratic, or male-dominated, Kurgan peoples, on the other hand, invaded Europe and imposed upon its natives the hierarchical rule of male warriors.
The hasty nature, too, of the fortifications, which were damaged every day during the siege by the fire of a thousand guns, and had to be rebuilt every night, required large, unprotected working parties and the losses amongst these were correspondingly heavy. These losses exhausted Russia's resources and when they were forced to employ large bodies of militia in the Battle of Traktir Bridge, it was obvious that the end was at hand. The short stories of Leo Tolstoy, who was present at the siege, give a graphic picture of the war from the Russian point of view, portraying the miseries of the desert march, the still greater miseries of life in the casemates, and the almost daily ordeal of manning the lines, under shell-fire, against an assault which might or might not come. Among the seven surviving defenders of a stone tower on the Malakov Kurgan, which were found by French troops among the dead, was the seriously wounded Vasily Kolchak, the father of Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak.
Cultures that rely on nomadic herding, where the livestock may be moved around to greener pastures freely, survive much better in arid regions than cultures that have permanent settlements that are based on subsistence farming techniques. With verified evidence that Kurgan pastoralists were living cheek-to-jowl with the Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements throughout their entire region for many centuries before the end of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, it is becoming very difficult to support Gimbutas' claim of a military conquest of a peaceful civilization. Rather, it is much more believable and logical to conclude that the members of the Cucuteni- Trypillia society that were facing starvation by farming their dry and barren plots of depleted soil chose instead to take up the practice of their neighbors, and became pastoralists. However, as stated earlier, it is still very important to keep in mind that the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture managed to thrive for thousands of years without any concept of warfare, and produced one of the most sophisticated civilizations of its time.
The battle-axe people are an ancient culture identified by archaeology who have been proposed as candidates for the people who influenced Germanic with their non-Indo-European speech. However, the culture was spread through a wider range of regions across Eastern and Central Europe, already close to or in contact with areas inhabited by Indo-European speakers and their putative area of origin, and none of the Indo-European proto-languages thus produced or their succeeding languages developed along the much larger line of extension of the battle-axe people (Celto-Italic, Illyrian, Slavic, Baltic and others) appear to have been affected by the same changes that are limited to the Proto-Germanic. Alternatively, in the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, the battle-axe people may be seen as an already "kurganized" culture, built on the substrate of the earlier Funnelbeaker culture. A number of rootwords for modern European words seem to limit the geographical origin of the Germanic influences, such as the root word for ash (the tree) and other environmental references suggest a limited root stream subset, which can be localized to Northern Europe.
All Indo-European languages have descended from a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European, spoken sometime in the Neolithic era. Its precise geographical location, the Indo-European urheimat, is unknown and has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the most widely accepted is the Kurgan hypothesis, which posits the urheimat to be the Pontic–Caspian steppe, associated with the Yamnaya culture around 3000 BC. By the time the first written records appeared, Indo-European had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Europe and south-west Asia. Written evidence of Indo-European appeared during the Bronze Age in the form of Mycenaean Greek and the Anatolian languages, Hittite and Luwian. The oldest records are isolated Hittite words and names – interspersed in texts that are otherwise in the unrelated Old Assyrian language, a Semitic language – found in the texts of the Assyrian colony of Kültepe in eastern Anatolia in the 20th century BC. Although no older written records of the original Proto-Indo-Europeans remain, some aspects of their culture and religion can be reconstructed from later evidence in the daughter cultures.

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