Before the introduction of the Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989, the only means of judicial separation available in the Republic of Ireland was to seek a decree of divorce a mensa et thoro. This could only be obtained on the grounds of adultery, cruelty, or "unnatural practices" (a concept never defined by the legislature or the courts). Post-1989 judicial separation is possible on one of six grounds, proven on the balance of probabilities: # Respondent has committed adultery. # Respondent has behaved in such a way that the applicant cannot reasonably be expected to live with them (mental or physical cruelty).
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Norton Divorce Case. Judicial Separation Granted. - 10 November 1915. (page 5) Details of the divorce trial appeared in the national press, including Norton's own newspaper The Truth.
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Airey's judicial separation was granted in the high court, with her receiving costs and damages from the state. In December 1979, the Irish state established a legal aid board.
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Bertha filed for divorce and in her affidavit she stated: A judicial separation was granted and was declared in June 1903. They had two children, son Jim (Joseph) and daughter Bertha.
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Divorce was not simple in those days, but Markus obtained a judicial separation and a subsequent divorce in 1947.Truscott, Alan (8 April 1992). "Rixi Markus, 81, Bridge Grandmaster and Author". The New York Times.
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At that time he was using it to compose arrangements for three bands and five radio shows. Four months later, his then 26-year-old wife, Myrtle, a former fashion model, was seeking a judicial separation. They had married in February 1957.
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Civil partners must wait two years to get their partnership dissolved. Judicial separation is not allowed. Civil partners are not allowed to adopt children jointly, as married couples are, though one civil partner may adopt singly. Also, civil partners cannot have joint guardianship over any children they raise together.
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On 13 August, Davey was made a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. In 1877, Lord Russell of Killowen divorced his wife, in Russell v. Russell (1897). She accused him of homosexuality, and unwisely used this as grounds for mental cruelty, as he had denied her a judicial separation.
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Sharia courts may hear and determine actions in which all parties are Muslims or in which parties involved were married under Muslim law. Court has jurisdiction over cases related to marriage, divorce, betrothal, nullity of marriage, judicial separation, division of property on divorce, payment of dowry, maintenance, and muta.
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Both signed consent forms and various other forms involving egg retrieval and embryo freezing. They both took full responsibility for the cyro-preserved embryos. The relationship between the couple broke down towards the end of the second pregnancy. They entered into judicial separation but they were still legally married.
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This content is available under the Oireachtas (Open Data) PSI Licence, which incorporates the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. © Government of Ireland. Of the six grounds, the latter forms the basis of the vast majority of judicial separation decrees. A "normal marital relationship" is not defined.
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Sections 1 of the Act made amended the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 allowing for parties to apply to the court for a divorce by stating that the marriage had broken down irretrievably without apportioning blame on either party. Section 2 of the Act provides for changes to the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 where an application of judicial separation has been made and removes the requirement for factual grounds to be provided where a judicial separation is sought. Sections 3 to 5 makes similar changes to the Civil Partnership Act 2004 to allow for the parties to apply to the court for dissolution by way of a statement that the civil partnership has broken down irretrievably. The Act shall only apply to England and Wales.
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In Canada, the terms "legal separation" or "judicial separation" are often used informally to describe a situation of de facto separation, where the couple has formalized certain agreements or entered into a contract. However, this situation is different from the specific legal status of legal/judicial separation, which exists only in some jurisdictions, and requires filing the courts for it. For example, there is no such thing as legal separation in Canada, but the term ‘legal separation’ has gained widespread use to describe the contract that is created between two spouses at the time of their separation. The contract is referred to as a separation agreement and is a legally binding written agreement voluntarily signed by two spouses (either married or common law) who have separated.
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Its decisions can be appealed to the Court of Appeal. Civilly, the court is limited to compensation claims of not more than €75,000. Both parties may waive this amount and grant the court unlimited jurisdiction. Divorce, Judicial Separation and probate cases can be heard provided they are within the financial parameters of the courts jurisdiction.
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This included reasons such as alcoholism, infidelity or abandonment of the home. Spouses were required to undergo a judicial review before being allowed to apply for a divorce. A couple needed not to been cohabiting for more than a year when they filed. After having the judicial separation, they could then not cohabit for another year.
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The court had to resolve a number of issues: # Are frozen embryos considered "unborn" in the context of Article 40.3.3 of the Irish Constitution (this has since been updated by the abortion referendum in 2018 to Article 40.3 of the Constitution). # Did the consent requirement end with the judicial separation. # Did Mary Roche have a right to the embryos.
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On 9 June 1917 he married Muriel Estall. That marriage ended by judicial separation in November 1927. They had two children, Cecil (born in 1918) and Jocelyne (born in 1920). His last years were spent at Barford St Martin near Salisbury, where he used his horological skills to repair and restore the defunct clock in the church tower.
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A woman who obtained a judicial separation took the status of a feme sole, with full control of her own civil rights. Additional amendments came in 1878, which allowed for separations handled by local justices of the peace. The Church of England blocked further reforms until the final breakthrough came with the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973.
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In English law, an application for financial relief following the presentation of a petition for divorce, nullity or judicial separation used to be described as ancillary relief. The term arose because the financial application was 'ancillary' to the petition. However, the term was discarded by the Family Procedure Rules 2010 which substituted it with the term "application for a financial order".
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The act makes provision for recognition in Ireland of same-sex marriages and civil partnerships performed abroad, however, such unions will only be recognised as civil partners only. The act does not deal with residency of same-sex couples that wish to become civil partnered in Ireland. Civil partners must wait 2 years to get their partnership dissolved. Judicial separation is not allowed.
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Under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1884, failure to comply with an order of restitution of conjugal rights was no longer punishable by imprisonment, and only served to establish desertion ("statutory desertion") which gave the other spouse the right to an immediate decree of judicial separation, and, if coupled with the husband’s adultery, allowed the wife to obtain an immediate divorce.
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Established under the Matrimonial Causes Law (Guernsey), 1939, constituted by a single Judge of Law, this being either the Bailiff, the Deputy Bailiff, a Judge of the Royal Court or a Lieutenant Bailiff qualified in law, sitting alone; or a single Judge of Law sitting with four Jurats. Dealing with matters of divorce, judicial separation, annulments and dissolutions of marriages, and contentious judicial separations.
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Clifford John Cory was the son of John Cory (1828–1910), a South Wales coal broker and philanthropist. He was educated privately in Wales and on the continent. On 25 January 1893 he married Jane Ann(e) Gordon Lethbridge, the daughter of an army officer from Somerset.Who was Who, OUP 2007 They only lived together for three months and Lady Cory later applied for a judicial separation.
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The divorce proceedings took much longer than anticipated. As a Christian, Agnes was not entitled to 'divorce on the grounds of cruelty' under the Christian Marriage Act and had to ask for a judicial separation. The church provided an outlet for Agnes to become politically active. She became inspired by engaging in church lecturers and listening to outside speakers, particularly one entitled: "Christ the Radical" that covered the anti-rape movement.
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The Supreme Court of Judicature (Consolidation) Act 1925 repealed the Matrimonial Causes Act 1884. Failure to comply with an order of restitution of conjugal rights continued to be a ground for judicial separation, but would no longer be considered, on itself, desertion. In addition, failure to comply with a decree of restitution of conjugal rights also allowed a court to make provisions regarding finances, alimony, property, and custody of children.
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The process was still quite expensive, at about £40, but now became feasible for the middle class. A woman who obtained a judicial separation took the status of a feme sole, with full control of her own civil rights. Additional amendments came in 1878, which allowed for separations handled by local justices of the peace. The Church of England blocked further reforms until the final breakthrough came with the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973.
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His attitude caused a breach between the brothers, Charles believing by now that Fred possessed all the worst qualities of their father.Ackroyd, pg 554 Fred married Anna on 30 December 1848 despite Charles's misgivings, but in 1858 the couple applied for a judicial separation on the grounds of adultery. Anna was granted alimony, which Fred Dickens refused to pay, leaving the country. On his return in 1862, he was arrested and imprisoned for debt.
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Stourton was Gold Stick Officer at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth in 1953. He was a councillor on Nidderdale Rural District Council from 1954 to 1959. Despite his strong Roman Catholic faith, he took his mother's side when his parents separated in 1961, in a case that drew significant publicity. His father was labelled "egocentric" and his mother was granted a decree of judicial separation on the grounds of her husband's cruelty.
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In 1891 he was elected in a by-election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a Protectionist member for East Sydney, but he was defeated in the general election later that year. Bradley died at Randwick in 1893 of apoplexy and paralysis following two high-profile legal cases in which his wife sued first for Judicial Separation and then for divorce.(NSW BDM 1893/12575;NRS 13495 1892/836; 1891/722).
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The process was still quite expensive, at about £40, but now became feasible for the middle class. A woman who obtained a judicial separation took the status of a feme sole, with full control of her own civil rights. Additional amendments came in 1878, which allowed for separations handled by local justices of the peace. The Church of England blocked further reforms until the final breakthrough came with the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973.
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Online Soon, however, Jeanne began a liaison with a certain "Baron" Marx Von Pforstein. This resulted in a judicial separation and Paul moved to the North Coast with Armand. After Paul's death Armand, still only twelve, was placed in the custody of the Dominican Fathers in Arcueil; under the supervision of his uncle Eugène. In 1878, Jeanne made an unsuccessful attempt to kidnap Armand during a parental visit, creating a scandal that was covered widely in the press.
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See The Earl counter-sued on the ground that her continued accusations of sodomy amounted to legal cruelty, and was granted a judicial separation in 1895. Mabel appealed and the verdict was overturned. The case went all the way to the House of Lords where the appellate judges denied them both satisfaction, binding the definition of legal cruelty to physical violence and making Russell v. Russell [2] a case of legal significance for the next 70 years.
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His Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989, radically reforming Irish family law, was the first piece of legislation enacted by an opposition TD for 35 years. His Adoption Act 1991 provided for the recognition for the first time of foreign adoptions in Ireland. As Fine Gael’s Spokesperson on the Environment he published in 1989 Ireland’s first ever legislation to establish an Environment Protection Agency. His bill embraced the precautionary principle prioritizing environmental protection principles in government decision making.
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The new law made divorce a civil affair of the courts, rather than a Church matter, with a new civil court in London handling all cases. The process was still quite expensive, at about £40, but now became feasible for the middle class. A woman who obtained a judicial separation took the status of a feme sole, with full control of her own civil rights. Additional amendments came in 1878, which allowed for separations handled by local justices of the peace.
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In 2013, Nandita filed an allegation of domestic violence against him, and the two opted for a judicial separation shortly afterwards. His second wife reported that they kept a "secular house", but that "while Om is not ritualistic, he does not mind others being so". He took "solace in spiritual reading", particularly in the writings of spiritual teacher Eknath Easwaran, many of whose books he shared with friends. Puri seldom took politics seriously, and often found relaxation by cooking or gardening.
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In 1903 Lady Stepney finally sued for a judicial separation, which was granted on the grounds that the Idaho divorce had no weight in English law.J Edwards, Llanelli: Story of a Town (2001), 116–18. The extensive newspaper coverage of the case turned it into a media cause celebre of the Edwardian period. Aged 74, Sir Arthur Cowell-Stepney was found dead on the railway station at Yuma, Arizona, on 2 July 1909, having apparently gone there to try to add a rare butterfly to his collection.
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She had left the family home in 1990, and a judicial separation was granted on 13 December 1991. While Foy was at first granted conditional access to the children, who lived in custody of their mother, in May 1994 the Circuit Court prohibited all access. While Foy, who legally changed her first names in November 1993, was able to obtain passport, driving license, medical card, and polling card in the new name, her request to amend the sex on her birth certificate was refused.
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Article 34 furthers this with the protocol that any married person can sue for a judicial separation on the same conditions that a divorce might be filed. The Parsi Personal Laws function in accordance with the Special Marriage Act of 1954. This act states that it is compulsory for all marriages to be registered, regardless of the religious identity of the individuals involved. The two acts, while functioning together, are often at odds with one another with relation to intermarriage, and the validity of such marriages.
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In the following years, the Christian Democrats, supported also by parties opposed to the law, promoted a recall referendum. In 1974, in a referendum, the majority of the population voted against a repeal of the divorce law. A feature of the 1970 divorce law was the long period of marital separation of five years required. This period was reduced to three in 1987 and to a year in 2015, in the case of judicial separation, and six months in the case of separation by mutual agreement.
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Rees worked as an actress in New Zealand before moving to England in about 1900 or 1901. In 1901 she joined Fanny Brough's theatre company becoming Brough's understudy after one month. Her first one act play 'The New Gun' was performed as a curtain raiser to 'Uncles and Aunts', by William Lestocq and Walter Everard, in 1902. She also toured with the companies of Mr and Mrs Lewis Waller, Fred Ash, Walter Melville and Mr Van Biene among others. She wrote articles and short stories for the magazines Madame, The King and M.A.P. Several of her one act plays were produced in this period: in 1907 'A Judicial Separation' in Manchester and 'Her Dearest Friend' in London; 'A Desperate Marriage' in Brighton in 1908; 'The Happiest Woman in the World' in Bournemouth in 1909. In 1908 she returned to New Zealand. In 1909 she presented, at His Majesty's Theatre in Gisborne, an evening's entertainment which included three of her own one act plays: the comedy A Judicial Separation', the drama 'The New Gun and the comedietta 'Her Dearest Friend'. Rees returned to England in 1911 where she continued to act, write and produce plays.
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She has served as a member of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Marriage Breakdown, the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Women's Rights and the Select Committee on Judicial Separation, on which last she was Chairperson. Taylor- Quinn was a member of Clare County Council from 1979 to 2009 when she decided to retire from politics. She is a former Mayor of the County Council (2008–09), and was the first Fine Gael Mayor in Clare. She was also the Fine Gael group leader on the County Council until 2009.
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Later the Hofhuizens had a daughter, Josée, and another son, Domien. Willem Hofhuizen had his second workshop in Maastricht at the Pieterstraat in the old mill above the workshop of Hubert Felix, a glazier. When this was to be demolished as part of a city redevelopment project, the municipality offered him all the space he wanted in the school for canal-boat children at the Lage Kanaaldijk, for a symbolic sum. There he continued to work and - after the judicial separation from his wife in 1956 - live, until his death on 23 December 1986.
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The law kicks in to regulate sexual violence in marriage only in cases when it is accompanied by extreme physical violence or when the health and safety of the wife is endangered, as in the case of minor wives. This exception has restricted application when the wife has been living separately from the husband, with or without a decree of judicial separation. In such cases, the husband can be prosecuted for rape. If convicted, the minimum punishment is imprisonment for two years and imposition of a fine (Section 376B, IPC).
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He served as a priest in Edinburgh for a short time and married Agnes, daughter of a Dr George Barclay in December 1801. He was then appointed Rector of Swanage in Dorset and established a school there to teach straw-plaiting to girls and also using his system to teach infants. He and his wife adopted the new discovery of vaccination for smallpox and personally successfully vaccinated very many people in the district. However his marriage was unsuccessful and a decree of judicial separation was granted in 1806.
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To ameliorate this problem, the Duke of Buccleuch in 1851 instigated proceedings to have the southern part, in the Ettrick valley, disjoined from the parish and erected into a separate parish. The duke proposed to make over the chapel at Ettrickbridge, which he had built in 1839, to be the church of the new parish, to erect a suitable manse for the minister, and to bear the expense of the judicial separation proceedings. The new parish would extend to 9 miles in length up the river Ettrick, be about 6 miles wide, with an area of about 50 square miles, population 600.
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Mary Mackellar, daughter of Allan Cameron, baker at Fort William, was born on 1 October 1834. Her early days were spent with grandparents at Corrybeg on the north shore of Loch Eil; her father died at a young age, and Mary briefly took over his business. She married early John Mackellar, captain and joint-owner of a coasting vessel, the "Glencoe", with whom she sailed for several years, visiting many places in Europe, and being often shipwrecked. She settled in Edinburgh in 1876, shortly afterwards obtained a judicial separation from her husband, and dying on 7 September 1890, was buried at Kilmallie, Argyllshire.
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Georgiana coped with her anger by writing down her memories of Gordon Castle, perhaps her way of reaffirming her identity as the daughter of the Duke of Gordon. She also copied out her journals from 1838 to 1845, possibly editing out some of her past as well as making additions to it. At this time, somewhat remarkably, she also sought advice on divorcing Andrew, but the law on judicial separation was too narrow enough to allow this. Instead, on his retirement as Police Magistrate in Kilmore in 1867, Andrew left for Britain and stayed away for seven years.
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Legal separation (sometimes judicial separation, separate maintenance, divorce a mensa et thoro, or divorce from bed-and-board) is a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a de facto separation while remaining legally married. A legal separation is granted in the form of a court order. In cases where children are involved, a court order of legal separation often makes child custody arrangements, specifying sole custody or shared parenting, as well as child support. Some couples obtain a legal separation as an alternative to a divorce, based on moral or religious objections to divorce.
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The latter is the forfeit usually named in the contract for his repudiation of her. If the husband could show that his wife had been a bad wife, the Code allowed him to send her away, while he kept the children as well as her dowry; or he could degrade her to the position of a slave in his own house, where she would have food and clothing. The wife might bring an action against her husband for cruelty and neglect and, if she proved her case, obtain a judicial separation, taking her dowry with her. No other punishment fell on the man.
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Marital rape is not a criminal offence within Indian legal framework, except during the period of judicial separation of the partners. The marital rape exception, that is exception 2 of section 375 of the Indian Penal Code states that sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under 18 years of age, is not rape. In the 1980s, women's rights groups lobbied for marital rape to be declared unlawful. Preview. Government officials argued that the contract of marriage presupposes consent to sex and that criminalising marital rape in turn would degrade family values in India.
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In the 1880s Valette worked as an unpaid volunteer labor inspector in the Paris region. At the age of forty she became a socialist in response to what she had seen of factory conditions. She became a member of a Guesdist study group and in 1889 represented this group at the International Socialist Congress. She attended the 1891 international congress in Brussels as a confirmed Guesdist. On 29 June 1891 a judicial separation from her husband was pending. She was earning about 2,000 francs a year from la Journée de la petit menagere and from teaching.
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In July 2000, the respondent commenced proceedings in the Irish High Court claiming a decree of judicial separation and certain ancillary reliefs. The preliminary issue that arose as part of these proceedings was whether the husband the divorce obtained under the civil law of the Netherlands should be recognised in the Irish state pursuant to the Family Law Act 1995. This arose as in order for the husband to be entitled to such a declaration he had to have been domiciled in the Netherlands at the time the divorce was granted by the Dutch court. The preliminary issue was heard by Morris P. in the High Court on 23 November 2003.
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The Act provided for the transfer of certain tenancies on divorce. The Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1976 made provision for varying rights of occupation where both spouses (and a man and woman living together as man and wife) had rights in the matrimonial home. The 1976 Act and the 1983 Acts were further developed by the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984, which also gave powers to the court in relation to the transfer of certain tenancies upon a decree of divorce, of nullity of marriage or of judicial separation. The Mobile Homes Act 1983 replaced sections 1 to 6 of the Mobile Homes Act 1976.
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The marriage was a disaster, lasting only 3 months. Mabel sued to judicially separate from him (and lost) in 1891, accusing him in the process of "immoral behaviour" with another university friend, Herbert Ainslie Roberts. Having failed to convince the jury, she subsequently attempted to obtain a separation by indirect means, suing for restitution of conjugal rights in 1894.Under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1884, failure to comply with an order of restitution of conjugal rights served to establish desertion ("statutory desertion") which gave the other spouse the right to an immediate decree of judicial separation, and, if coupled with the husband’s adultery, allowed the wife to obtain an immediate divorce.
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Exception - Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife by a marriage which is valid under any written law for the time being in force, or is recognized in Malaysia as valid, is not rape. Explanation 1 - A woman - (a) living separately from her husband under a decree of judicial separation or a decree nisi not made absolute; or (b) who has obtained an injunction restraining her husband from having sexual intercourse with her, shall be deemed not to be his wife for the purposes of this section. Explanation 2—A Muslim woman living separately from her husband during the period of ‘iddah, which shall be calculated in accordance with Hukum Syara’, shall be deemed not to be his wife for the purposes of this section.
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The Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937 included a constitutional ban on divorce. A previous bill to amend this provision proposed by the Fine Gael–Labour Party government of Garret FitzGerald, the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986, was rejected in a referendum by 63.5% to 36.5%. In the intervening years, the Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989 allowed for legal separation to be recognised by a court. The government made other legislative changes to address the issues identified in that referendum campaign, including the social welfare and pension rights of divorced spouses, which were copper fastened, and the abolition of the status of illegitimacy to remove any distinction between the rights of the children of first and subsequent unions.
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Gertrude was granted a judicial separation from Lord Colin in 1884 (later upheld on appeal), on the grounds of cruelty, that he had knowingly infected her. In late 1884, both parties filed for divorce, although the trial did not take place until the end of 1886. Lord Colin accused his wife of adultery, citing four names: George Spencer-Churchill, the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and a notorious adulterer;Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Presidential address of 20 November 1992 Sir Eyre Shaw, the chief of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade; Sir William Butler, noted soldier, adventurer and author; and Thomas Bird, the physician who had treated both Lord and Lady Campbell. William Court Gully, future Speaker of the House of Commons, acted as his counsel.
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The referendum was overshadowed by campaigning for the simultaneous local and European elections.; The lacklustre campaign was attributed to "Campaign fatigue" by a campaigner on the "No" side, Seamas de Barra, who is treasurer for the Alliance for the Defence of the Family and Marriage: > I think it's largely campaign fatigue from the abortion referendum.Al > Jazeera, "Ireland votes in divorce referendum" (25 May 2019), retrieved 24 > May 2019 One argument in favour was that couples under the current law often obtain a judicial separation after two years apart and a divorce after four years, thus incurring two sets of legal costs. Some commentators criticised the bundling into a single amendment bill of two distinct changes (removal of the four-year waiting period and recognition of foreign divorces) thus preventing voters from approving one while rejecting the other.
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The socio-economic forces that promoted such institutional confinement included the legalistic need for an extra- judicial social mechanism with the legal authority to physically separate socially undesirable people from mainstream society; and for controlling the wages and employment of poor people living in workhouses, whose availability lowered the wages of freeman workers. The conceptual distinction, between the mentally insane and the mentally sane, was a social-construct produced by the practises of the extra-judicial separation of a human being from free society to institutional confinement. In turn, institutional confinement conveniently made insane people available to medical doctors then beginning to view madness as a natural object of study, and then as an illness to be cured. The Modern era began at the end of the 18th century, with the creation of medical institutions for confining mentally insane people under the supervision of medical doctors.
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The civil jurisdiction of the Circuit Court is limited to a compensation claim not exceeding €75,000 (€60,000 if a claim for damages for personal injuries) and for actions involving real property with a market value of less than €3 million, although the parties in a legal action can agree to lifting these limits by agreeing to unlimited jurisdiction. Divorce and judicial separation, and contentious probate cases can also be heard provided that the value of any real property in a settlement is within the jurisdiction of the court. Unlike the District Court and in common with the High Court, the Circuit Court has equitable jurisdiction in relation to claims involving land, but matters in which injunctions and declarations are sought not involving land must be brought in the High Court. Civil matters heard in the Circuit Court can be appealed to the High Court.
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Under section 24(1), when granting a divorce, decree of nullity of marriage or judicial separation the court can order (subject to restrictions in ss 29(1) and (3) relating to children of the age of majority other than those still in school or in other special circumstances): :(a) the transfer of property between the parties, or to a child, or for the benefit of a child :(b) the settlement of property for the partner and children :(c) the variation of any ante-nuptial or post-nuptial settlement other than a pension :(d) the extinguishment or reduction of the interest of the parties to any settlement other than a pension Under s. 24(2), the court can make an order under s. 24(1)(c) even if there are no children, and under s. 24(3) orders and settlements take effect only when the divorce or nullity of marriage is made absolute.
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The Hindu Marriage Act is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1955. Three other important acts were also enacted as part of the Hindu Code Bills during this time: the Hindu Succession Act (1956), the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956), the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956). DIVORCE UNDER VARIOUS ACTS IN INDIA The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936 The dissolution of Muslim Marriage act, 1939 The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936 The Special Marriage Act, 1956 The Foreign Marriage Act, 1969 Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 The Dissolution of Marriage and Judicial separation (under the Indian Divorce Act, 1869) Due to the existence of diverse religious faiths in India, the Indian Judiciary has implemented laws separately for couples belonging to different religious beliefs. Mutual consent divorce procedure is relatively easier and fast while contested divorce procedure takes longer and depends on the religions of the couples.
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