Overnight temperatures into Wednesday were expected to dip as low as 20 degrees F (-7 degrees C) in parts of Oklahoma and Kansas, which if sustained for two or more hours, could seriously damage or kill wheat in the jointing phase.
|
|
In Kansas, the largest U.S. wheat state, 82 percent of the winter wheat had reached the "jointing" stage of growth by April 23, and 25 percent of the crop was in the "heading" stage, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said, leaving it vulnerable to freeze injury.
|
|
Bornhardts commonly show extensive sheet jointing. There are two main theories on the origins of bornhardts, each relating to jointing. The exogenetic theory asserts that sheet jointing is formed in response to the emerging topography, while the endogenetic theory suggests that the topography in bornhardts reflects already existing sheet jointing.
|
|
Columnar jointing in basalt, Marte Vallis In 2009, HiRISE discovered columnar jointing in rocks on Mars. Such jointing is accepted as having involved water. To make the parallel cracks of columnar jointing, more cooling is necessary, and water is the most logical choice. Scientists calculate that the water was present intermittently for a few months to a few years.
|
|
They require special techniques for jointing and terminating, see High-voltage cable.
|
|
Edge jointing or just jointing is the process of making the edge of a wooden board straight and true in preparation for subsequent operations, often ultimately leading to joining two or more components together. Traditionally, jointing was performed using a jointer plane. Modern techniques include the use of a jointer machine, a hand held router and straight edge, or a table- mounted router. Although the process derives its name from the primary task of straightening an edge prior to joining, the term jointing is used whenever this process is performed, regardless of the application.
|
|
Hughes Mountain contains a good example of columnar jointing in igneous rhyolite, the same process that formed Devils Tower in Wyoming and the Giant's Causeway in Ireland. The columnar jointing in this area is called the Devil's Honeycomb.
|
|
The largest of these lava tubes is in diameter and has columnar jointing due to the large cooling surface. Other tubes have concentric and radial jointing features. The tubes are infilled due to the low slope angle of emplacement.
|
|
86, no. 1–4, pp. 93–96Spry, A. (1962). "The origin of columnar jointing, particularly in basalt flows".
|
|
Columnar jointing at Sawn Rocks Sawn Rocks, in Mount Kaputar National Park close to Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia, features 40 meters of columnar jointing above the creek and 30 meters below the surface.Sawn Rocks walking track, Mount Kaputar National Park NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
|
|
Immediately after screeding, the concrete is compacted to improve the bond and smooth the surface. Excessive compaction of pervious concrete results in higher compressive strength, but lower porosity (and thus lower permeability). Jointing varies little from other concrete slabs. Joints are tooled with a rolling jointing tool prior to curing or saw cut after curing.
|
|
A shooting board used to trim and square end grain A shooting board used for jointing (end view) A shooting board used for jointing (side view) A shooting board is a jig for woodworking which is used in combination with a hand plane to trim and square up the edges and ends of boards. It would typically be used on a workbench. A plank or board with edges planed flat is called a shot edge board. There are two specific purposes to which shooting boards are applied: jointing and end grain trimming.
|
|
John Cole Roberts is a Welsh geologist. His paper "Feather Fracture and the Mechanics of Rock Jointing" introduced the geological community to this newly identified and newly classified fracture patterning, along with its impact in terms of jointing structures. He announced it in the summer of 1961. It continues to be the definitive standard of feather fracture work.
|
|
The difference may lie in contrasting patterns of pearmeability and jointing and resulting variations in the flow of waters through these sandstone.
|
|
Volcanic mountains in Armenia include Mount Ara, Mount Aragats, Azhdahak, Ghegam Ridge, Mount of Armenia. Porak. Arpi Gorge and Garni Gorge contain columnar igneous rocks (Columnar jointing).
|
|
Push-on joints, developed in the mid 1950s, allowed a quicker and relatively non-skilled method of jointing pipe. This joint consisted of a bell with a recessed groove which held a rubberized gasket. A lubricated beveled spigot section can be pushed into this joint with care, as not to roll the rubberized gasket, and once installed became watertight. This type of jointing system is popular today with ductile iron and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes.
|
|
These dolls were sold undressed. Children would then make their clothing from scraps of fabric. Other similarly constructed wooden dolls, using a jointing technique where the arms and/or legs are attached to the body with pegs, are some of the oldest surviving dolls, and were made worldwide. Sometimes a peg wooden doll's arms or legs are locked together by the jointing system, so if one arm is moved the other will move.
|
|
Several exposures of columnar jointing have been discovered on the planet Mars by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, which is carried by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
|
|
Turtleback Mountain is a mountain in the Ossipee Mountains located in Carroll County, New Hampshire, standing above Bald Knob. The summit features columnar jointing and was once home to an observation tower.
|
|
The rock of Mount Stuart is rugged due to the extensive jointing of the granite. The north slopes of the mountain shelter three glaciers - Stuart, Ice Cliff and Sherpa Glaciers from west to east.
|
|
Sōunkyō Gorge, a part of the town of Kamikawa, Hokkaido, Japan, features a 24-kilometer stretch of columnar jointing, which is the result of an eruption of the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group 30,000 years ago.
|
|
However, since diurnal temperature fluctuations only reach a few centimeters depth in rock (due to rock's low thermal conductivity), this theory cannot account for the observed depth of exfoliation jointing that may reach 100 meters.
|
|
Finngal Island, south of Dufferin Island, contains one or more basaltic lava flows that form well-preserved columnar jointing. Like other volcanic deposits in the Milbanke Sound Group, little is known about these lava flows.
|
|
The Devils Honeycomb is a smaller example of the sort of columnar jointing found at Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming, Devils Postpile National Monument in California, and the Giant's Causeway near Bushmills, Northern Ireland.
|
|
Mada Gorge (Cheile Măzii or Madei) in the Munţii Metaliferi mountains Lacerta bilineata at Plesa mare peak in the Metaliferi mountains Detunata goala, one of the two Detunatele columnar jointing formations of basalt Metaliferi Mountains (; ), meaning Ore Mountains, are in the Carpathian Mountain Range and are a division of the Apuseni Mountains. Poienița Peak is located among the Metaliferi. The range also includes the Detunatele, a pair of basalt peaks with columnar jointing. The Roșia Poieni copper mine and several communities are in the area.
|
|
The river valley and Black Sturgeon Lake follow a major fault line, the Black Sturgeon Fault, which runs north-south. The valley also contains sills with columnar jointing which are related to the Midcontinent Rift System.
|
|
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 30: 179–198. Richards, H. C. (1920). Notes on the vent structures and jointing of the municipal quarry, Toowooomba, Queensland. Queensland naturalist, 2: 94–96. Richards, H. C. (1922).
|
|
It is fairly fissile, breaking into thin, irregularly shaped sheets or flakes that occasionally display crystals of pickeringite. Relieved of stress once exposed, the Cleveland Shale is nonplastic and can appear as if fragmented into blocks due to jointing.
|
|
This occurs at the peak of the fold or due to the fluid pressure because a localized tensile stress forms, eventually leading to jointing.Secor, Donald. "Role of Fluid Pressure in Jointing". Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina, Columbia, 1965. eBook.
|
|
Between these sections lie regions of much more chaotic jointing, known as the entablature. The origin of the entablature is unknown, but could be due to flooding of the lava flow, causing much more rapid cooling, or the interaction of stress fields from the two regions of columnar jointing as they approach one another.Phillips et al. (2013) The formation of columnar joints produced by cooling in basalt at Staffa, Scotland Bulletin of Volcanology 75:715 Similar formations are found at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, on the island of Ulva and at Ardmeanach on the Isle of Mull.
|
|
While the builders failed to duplicate the precise jointing created by the ancient Egyptians, Hopkins was confident that this could have been achieved with more practice."This Old Pyramid" (one hour version) PBS Airdate: 4 February 1997.Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids.
|
|
The late Cretaceous Deccan Traps of India constitute one of the largest volcanic provinces of Earth, and examples of columnar jointing can be found in St. Mary's Island in the state of Karnataka.Geological Survey of India > Columnar Basalt Retrieved 17 April 2020.
|
|
The steepness is caused by glacial plucking of rock along fracture joints. Good examples in the park are Liberty Cap, Lembert Dome, and Mount Broderick. Half Dome was created by a different process, but erosion acting on jointing planes was still the major factor.
|
|
A similar construction is used for the service wings containing kitchens, laundries and store areas. The timber floor boarding is fixed using an unusual slip jointing technique. Roofs were originally clad in galvanised iron over Baltic pine lining. Roofing was replaced in 1901–02 with tiles.
|
|
James Hughes, "Patrimonialism and the Stalinist System: The Case of S.I. Syrtsov," Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 48, no. 4 (June 1996), pp. 552. Syrtsov attended university in St. Petersburg at Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University where he became politically active, jointing the Bolshevik Party in 1913.
|
|
Most outcrops on Table Mountain reveal flow-top breccias, while some outcrops show distinctive columnar jointing. The lava flow which covered the ancient river bed trapped auriferous, or gold-bearing, gravels beneath it, some of which have been accessed by mining operations dating back to the 1850s.
|
|
Mathews based his suggestion on the age of the underlying till, the existence of pillow lava close to the bottom of some lavas that indicate subaqueous volcanism, horizontal jointing at the edges of the lavas that indicate rapid cooling, and the absence of apparent paleotopography to explain these features.
|
|
These form the ribs of to high lava spines, the tallest being The Castle, which contains horizontal and radiating columnar joints. The spines are covered by welded breccia close to their bases and columnar jointing extends into the welded sequence. The most elevated lava flows and spines are composed of dacite.
|
|
He claimed that at this stage the plant reached its peak nutritional value; after jointing, concentrations of chlorophyll, protein, and vitamins decline sharply. Wheatgrass is harvested, freeze-dried, then sold in tablet and powdered concentrates for human and animal consumption. Indoor-grown wheatgrass is used to make wheatgrass juice powder.
|
|
Leaman, David 2002, "The Rock that Makes Tasmania", Leaman Geophysics, p. 117. In Tasmania, dolerite dominates much of the landscape, particularly alpine areas, with many examples of columnar jointing. Early Jurassic activity resulted in the formation of dolerite intrusion on Prospect Hill in Sydney,Jones, I., and Verdel, C. (2015).
|
|
Detunata goala Detunatele is a site of columnar jointing in Transylvania, Alba County, Romania. Detunatele means lightning strike. The columns are hexagonal shaped basalt and 1,258 meters tall on two peaks: Detunata Goala and Detunata Flocoasa (Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata). They are located in the Metaliferi Mountains and are a tourist attraction.
|
|
C8-10 Hughes Mountain is formed of extrusive rhyolite which fractured into vertical joints when it cooled, creating polygonal columns. These columns have from four to six sides and are up to three feet (0.91 m) tall. When viewed from above they resemble a honeycomb. Columnar jointing is not limited to rhyolite formations.
|
|
Hollow Horn Bear was baptized and took the name Daniel, Wants Everything took Susie. Many others were baptized along with them. He was a guest speaker in the 1906 convention of the American Federation of Catholic Societies in Boston, and played a role in most of his tribe jointing the Catholic Church.
|
|
The Bonum Sawmill, occupying land at the Northern edge of Barham, incorporated several significant value-adding enterprises, such as a kiln, veneering and finger-jointing before closing in 2010 when the New South Wales government closed access to many of the forest areas following many years of drought and poor tree growth.
|
|
Glaciation strongly affected the topography. Several deeply glaciated northeast-facing cirques are present, with steep headwalls and flats or lakes at their floors. Much of the lower elevation area is stepped topography resulting from differential erosion along jointing planes in the granitic bedrock. The climate is high Sierran montane with copious winter snowfall.
|
|
The particular site was chosen because of the presence of several interesting geological features, including the "Organ Pipes", themselves a pattern of vertical pipe-like rock structures exposed by the erosion of the creek, and a tessellated pavement, where the rock surface has been split into regular "tiles" by joints related to columnar jointing.
|
|
Because the building was on a steep slope. both floors were accessible from ground level, and the south facade consisted of a single storey. This south facade was constructed of red rubbing bricks laid in Flemish bond with exceptionally fine jointing, consisting of a little less than 1/16 inch of slaked lime putty.
|
|
Each doll has a unique face sculpt and a different height, ranging from 10 inches to 11.5 inches. They were each released in two different styles and each style was packaged with two different outfits. The complex jointing and individual molds made the Flavas dolls more difficult to manufacture than most other fashion dolls.
|
|
In the call of the Generative Art conferences in Milan (annually starting from 1998), the definition of Generative Art by Celestino Soddu: In 2012 the new journal GASATHJ, Generative Art Science and Technology hard Journal was founded by Celestino Soddu and Enrica Colabella GASATHJ jointing several generative artists and scientists in the Editorial Board.
|
|
The Gold Coast City Council has developed standards for major foreshoreways including the 'Gold Coast Oceanway'. The standards include chapters about landscaping, connectivity, visual analysis, safety risk assessment and CPTED, width, geometry, construction materials, finishes and colour, path jointing detailing, line marking, intersections and crossing treatments, lighting, signage, furniture, public art, vegetation, and equitable access.
|
|
It may represent a group of dikes and lava domes that formed subglacially. At least four dikes protrude its summit. These form the ribs of high lava spines, the tallest being The Castle, which contains horizontal and radiating columnar joints. The spines are covered by welded breccia close to their bases and columnar jointing extends into the welded sequence.
|
|
Moel Lefn is a summit in Snowdonia. It is a subsidiary peak of Moel Hebog and a sister peak of Moel yr Ogof. Its summit marks the end of the Hebog ridge. The North Eastern flank of Moel Lefn shows a good example of Columnar jointing within the rhyolite unit that comprises the majority of the mountain.
|
|
The larger part of the island is formed from olivine-phyric basalt flows erupted during the Palaeocene epoch. Together with flows of hawaiite and mugearite, these form the Eigg Lava Formation. The Sgurr is formed from porphyritic rhyolitic pitchstone erupted into a valley during the Eocene epoch. It displays columnar jointing formed as the lava cooled.
|
|
"His first love was the foreman's Norris jointing-plane, which he was not allowed to touch however much his fingers tingled," wrote Huon Mallalieu in The Times. "Seven years later his passion was assuaged, but not extinguished, when he bought his first Norris for £5 in a Sunday antiques market."Huon Mallalieu, The Times, 27 November 2010.
|
|
They are still strung together with elastic cord, but they feature new technology and jointing. In Oct 2016, Superdoll re-introduced their resin sYbarite doll at their Glamour Ghoul London convention. This new resin sYbarite has an updated body (GEN_4.5) and Venus d'Royce head sculpt (Clone 800). The new resin dolls will be produced alongside the vinyl dolls.
|
|
Other older lava domes lie on the western flank (2.1±0.3 ka K-Ar). A major dacitic lava dome ( thick and covering a surface of ) lies on the northwestern side of the massif, the vent is buried by younger deposits. The lava display flow banding and column jointing and has been K-Ar dated 1.4±0.4 mya.
|
|
Royal Society of Tasmania, Tasmania. The second type of tessellated pavement consists of a bedrock surface that exhibits joints that form polygons that are typically regular in size, spacing, and junctions. Typically, these polygons represent the cross-sections of polygonal, typically hexagonal joints, called columnar jointing, that formed as the result of the cooling of basaltic lava.
|
|
This type of surface can be seen at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland.Goehring, L. (2013) Evolving fracture patterns: columnar joints, mud cracks and polygonal terrain. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences. vol. 371, no. 20120353. 18 pp.Goehring, L., L. Mahadevan, and S.W. Morris (2009) Nonequilibrium scale selection mechanism for columnar jointing.
|
|
Miscellaneous Report 28, Geological Survey of Canada, pp. 26–27, fig. 24 a, b and c Roches moutonnées may not be entirely glacial landforms, taking most of their shape before glaciation. Jointing that contribute to the shape typically predate glaciation and roches moutonnee-like forms can be found in tropical areas such as East Africa and Australia.
|
|
The postal boxes are fitted into timber framed walls sitting on modern raked brick which has been painted. Above the boxes are fixed windows. The verandah has a raked, sheeted ceiling with extruded jointing strips. The verandah roof is supported with tubular steel posts, and extends in a single plane to the upper floor wall above.
|
|
The jointing of the roofing timbers were intricately detailed. The roof was of traditional construction with two beams 24" by 10" in section used for strutting the rafters and hanging the ceiling. The tiles were set in a mud-like mortar on a thin timber decking. The ceiling also was made from this thin timber veneer like plywood.
|
|
Implicit in a shoulder vise is an integral planing stop, formed by the intersection of the jaw and the jaw spacer, and which allows the shoulder vise to perform multiple duties, such as jointing long boards with a "bench slave" to hold the opposite end. In earlier times, a crochet and a holdfast would perform the same function.
|
|
The roof comprised four steel and timber trusses with cast iron jointing pieces which were to be made by the contractor. The patterns would remain the property of the Commonwealth. The roof is clearly described as hipped with gablets. The main entrance was to be covered by a pent roof formed by extending the main roof.
|
|
Her drawings are composed of gouache on vellum and present two views of the Causeway from the east and west. These paintings show accurate details of the jointing forming the basalt columns of the Causeway. The paintings brought attention to the formation, and the popularity of Irish monument paintings boomed in their wake. Engravings were made by Francois Vivares between 1743 and 1744.
|
|
Maintenance of the line was improved, inspection techniques and jointing methods were revised, and plans for replacing jointed track by continuous welded rail were accelerated. Concrete sleepers were banned at rail joints on the Southern Region. A plaque in Hither Green station commemorates the victims. Station staff and loved ones lay wreaths and flowers at the plaque on the anniversary of the disaster.
|
|
Diagram of Geologic Tension In geology, the term "tension" refers to a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions. The rocks become longer in a lateral direction and thinner in a vertical direction. One important result of tensile stress is jointing in rocks. However, tensile stress is rare because most subsurface stress is compressive, due to the weight of the overburden.
|
|
George Diehl Homestead is a historic home located at Cherryhill Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1840, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular hewn log building with a gable roof. It measures 18 feet, 6 inches, wide and 28 feet, 4 inches, long. It features mortise and tenon jointing, also known as corner-post construction, for the log structure.
|
|
Their appearance may be due to a combination of erosion by underground rainwater and then by subsequent weathering after they were exposed. Most of the pillars emerge without a break from the underlying granite. Their structural base may be of orthogonal or vertically-aligned sheet jointing. They obtained their name because a traveller in a coach saw the formation in the distance.
|
|
Construction work was undertaken by staff of the PMG. The initial shipment of cable arrived from Germany at the end of 1959. Cable laying was completed in October 1961 and jointing and testing completed in December 1961. In total, over 960 kilometres of cable were laid and over one million tons of rock and soil excavated to lay the cable.
|
|
Some famous locations in the United States where columnar jointing can be found are the Devils Tower in Wyoming, the Devils Postpile in California and the Columbia River flood basalts in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Other famous places include the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and Fingal's Cave on the island of Staffa, Scotland.southernhebrides.com > Staffa - A Geological Marvel. Accessed 29 December 2013.
|
|
The ceiling and some of the lath and plaster wall panels also did not survive the trip. A number of roof tiles were broken when being unloaded in Ingham. The meticulous mortise and tenon jointing was broken to allow for the removal of the frame and few if any mortice and tenon joints survive. Nails were used in the reassembly.
|
|
Roberts was born in 1935 in South Wales, and grew up in the valleys surrounding the iron and steel town of Dowlais. He would have left school and started work in his mid teens, like the majority of young people of the time, had it not been for a school master, Ron Gethin, who realised his aptitude for earth sciences. The first boy to take geology to O-level and A-level in his district, Roberts studied at Swansea University (University of Wales), where he graduated and obtained his PhD in Geology, in 1961, for his thesis "Jointing and Minor Tectonics of the Neath Disturbance and Adjacent Areas". Roberts became an expert in the jointing and fracture science of the South Wales coalfields and in the geology of the areas around the Vale of Glamorgan and of the Gower Peninsula of Wales.
|
|
Router plane Most planes fall within the categories (by size) of block plane, smoothing plane, and jointing plane. Specialty planes include the shoulder plane, router plane, bullnose plane, and chisel plane, among others. Electrically powered hand planers (loosely referred to as power planes) have joined the hand-held plane family. "Bench planes" are characterized by having their cutting bevel facing down and attached to a chipbreaker.
|
|
Granites and fine grained porphyries are the geological formations recorded in the mountain, which are very much jointed. From the geological map of the mountain it is noted that granite formations are massive and crystalline which has generated distinctive topographic features. The crest and the pinnacles are of granite rock with double system of jointing. Feldspar crystals are seen at the margin of these massive formations.
|
|
Mount Useful is a mountain located to the west of Licola in Victoria, Australia. The summit lies within the Mount Useful Natural Features and Scenic Reserve which was established in 1979 and covers . The mountain has basalt cliffs with columnar jointing on the east and south-east sides. A fire lookout tower and a communications tower (primarily utilised by Telstra) are located on the summit.
|
|
A jointer cannot be used to create a board of even thickness along its length. For this task, after jointing one face, a thickness planer is used. Thickness planers and jointers are often combined into one machine, with the work piece passing underneath the same rotating blade for thicknessing, but in the opposite direction. In the US this is called a planer–thicknesser or over-and- under.
|
|
Eight-light French doors open onto this space from the main and second bedrooms. The bathroom retains many original finishes including: green faux- marble panelling to the walls with black faux-marble jointing and skirting strips, and rubber tile flooring. Above the height of painted timber boards line the walls and ceiling. The bathtub and washbasin are early fixtures, as are the towel rails.
|
|
Drain rods are plumbing equipment used to attempt to unblock drains and sewers. The set normally consists of several stiff, but flexible, rods, each approximately one meter long, which may be screwed together end-to-end. The material is often polypropylene heavy gauge tubing. Jointing of the plastic to metal is done in hydraulic presses and these joints are the achilles heel of this rod type.
|
|
Sinistral tear faults have affected the rock. The Variscan Orogeny left a smaller print on the island, with the intrusion of some dykes, and some folding and jointing that affected the island's rocks including the Rozel Conglomerate. During the Mesozoic and Tertiary, Jersey was part the north-west edge of Armorica. The dykes included a swarm of dolerite dykes, also lamprophyre, feldspar porphyry and aplite.
|
|
Concrete surfaces have been classified into three common types: jointed plain (JPCP), jointed reinforced (JRCP) and continuously reinforced (CRCP). The one item that distinguishes each type is the jointing system used to control crack development. One of the major advantages of concrete pavements is they are typically stronger and more durable than asphalt roadways. They also can be grooved to provide a durable skid-resistant surface.
|
|
Blueboard also has square edges rather than the tapered-edge drywall boards. The tapered drywall boards are used to countersink the tape in taped jointing whereas the tape in veneer plastering is buried beneath a level surface. One coat veneer plaster over dry board is an intermediate style step between full multi-coat "wet" plaster and the limited joint-treatment-only given "dry" wall.
|
|
These can then be cut off with scissors and allow a second crop of shoots to form. Sometimes a third cutting is possible, but may be tougher and have fewer sugars than the first. Schnabel's research was conducted with wheatgrass grown outdoors in Kansas. His wheatgrass required 200 days of slow growth through the winter and early spring, when it was harvested at the jointing stage.
|
|
' Beneath a 10 m high cliff, the north-facing valley side above Broomhead Reservoir is a chaotic mass of sub-parallel ridges, separated by intervening narrow areas of marshy ground. The site is formed in Upper Carboniferous Millstone Grit and shows the most extreme form and best example of 'tumbled ground', with innumerable small Millstone Grit blocks (controlled by jointing) taking up a large landslip.
|
|
Jointing in the finer grained granite is smaller and proportional to grain size. The granitic half of Black Mountain tapers to a flat-topped peak that rises to a height just below that of the pointed, black phyllite peak of the western side. The two units meet as a saddle between the twin peaks of meta- argillite/phyllite and granite. Phyllite embayed in granite along contact.
|
|
Wooden jack plane from c.1860 A jack plane is a general-purpose woodworking bench plane, used for dressing timber down to size in preparation for truing and/or edge jointing. It is usually the first plane used on rough stock, but for rougher work it can be preceded by the scrub plane. The versality of the jack plane has led to it being the most common bench plane in use.
|
|
The Iban population is concentrated in Sarawak, Brunei, and in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. They traditionally live in longhouses called rumah panjai in Sarawak or rumah betang in Kalimantan because the jointed family rooms are built by jointing the tree trunks from base to tip to the left and right of the middle headman's room, which symbolizes a tree with a branch on the left and right side.
|
|
The use of finger joints with glulam allowed for production of glulam beams and columns on large scale. Glulam finger joints were developed to provide broad surface area for gluing. Automatic finger-jointing machines help cut the finger joints, connect and glue them together under pressure, allowing for a strong, durable joint, capable of carrying high loads comparable to natural wood with the same cross-section.Jeska 2015, p. 41.
|
|
The caprock is undermined as the rampart and face are eroded, and eventually a section collapses. A strong caprock will typically create a relatively high cliff, since more undermining is needed to cause it to fail. Other factors determining how easily a cliff will fail are the bedding and jointing, direction of dip and thickness of the caprock. A thin caprock will result in low cliffs that retreat quickly.
|
|
Piping Systems GF Piping Systems supplies is piping systems made of plastics and metal as well as solid and hollow bar stock for machining. The division makes components for the transport of water and gas in industry, utilities, and buildings. Its product line includes fittings, valves, pipes, automation and jointing and covers all water cycle applications. GF Piping Systems has its own sales companies and representatives in over 100 countries.
|
|
Mont Gerbier de Jonc was formed 8 million years ago when a volcano erupted molten phonolite lava. The lava was too viscous to flow far and it cooled to form a lava dome of phonolite rock in the crater of the volcano. The lava dome has columnar jointing, which formed during cooling of the lava. The volcanic cone containing the lava dome was later eroded away, exposing the lava dome.
|
|
USGS cross-section of the Newark Basin. The Palisades sill is shown intruded into the second layer ( Lockatong formation ) above west dipping precambrian basement ( orange colored ) blocks. Columnar jointing in the Palisades Sill The end of the Triassic Period saw large-scale rifting during the break-up of Pangaea. What is now eastern North America began to separate from what is now north-western Africa, creating the young Atlantic Ocean.
|
|
The large timber shed contains interesting roof trusses with a monitor scissor truss. All timbers are put together with traditional jointing and metal fasteners. Both the wharf and the sheds include robust timber construction with a high standard of craftsmanship typical of the period.Report to Heritage Council 1984 The site on which the wharf stands is a small promontory which gives extended views up and down the coast but particularly to the north.
|
|
The great Devonian controversy. Chicago. He also employed John William Salter for a short time in arranging the fossils in the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge, and whom accompanied the professor on several geological expeditions (1842–1845) into Wales. Sedgwick investigated the phenomena of metamorphism and concretion, and was the first to distinguish clearly between stratification, jointing, and slaty cleavage. He was elected to Fellow of the Royal Society on 1 February 1821.
|
|
The geometry of the Karoo Triple Junction, which is the bulging upward of land surface, might be formed due to extensional tectonics. Cracking and jointing are induced, hence lines of weaknesses are developed in the region. In the Thune section of the Okavango dyke swarm, the texture of the rocks show evidence of deformation caused by tensional strain. Planar foliations are found in rock grains which are perpendicular to the dyke plane.
|
|
Both pahoehoe and aa lava types are common and the volcanic pile accumulated mostly by the quiet effusion of lavas. The pyroclastic lithologies become more common near the southern and eastern edges of the formation and represent lahars and beach to shallow marine reworked deposits. The formation contains flood basalts, which are found on western Axel Heiberg Island at Dragon Cliffs, tall. It contains columnar jointing units that are usually in diameter.
|
|
Local geology comprises lower-Cretaceous Gambier Group marine sedimentary and volcanic bedrock. Upslope, the headwaters of Magnesia, Alberta and Harvey Creeks are underlain by mid-Cretaceous era "Coast Plutonic Complex" rock, which has intruded into the older Gambier rocks. Outcrops primarily consist of greenish volcanic rock that is highly fractured (10 cm fracture spacing) with red oxidation on exposed surfaces. Prominent northwest trending faults and jointing create structural discontinuities that cause instability.
|
|
The two villages Yogma Hanu and Goma Hanu lie in the Hanu valley, which runs between the Chorbat La pass and the Indus River valley near Dah. The Hanu mountain stream flows down the valley jointing the Indus. To the north of the Chorbat La pass, the Chorbat Lungpa river flows north to join the Shyok river near Hassanabad Chorbat. The Chorbat La pass is considered the traditional boundary between Baltistan and Ladakh.
|
|
The lime mortar for jointing was made from a mixture of burnt coral and shells with admixtures of molasses and marl. The original timber has been retained in the upper floors. The structure has double paneling. Intricate carvings on its edges give the effect of a "tray ceiling", that is, the appearance of inverted trays hung from the roof as if rope is tied to the edges to hide any defects in its construction.
|
|
In 1958, Canadian volcanologist Bill Mathews suggested that the lava flows were erupted during periods of subglacial activity and traveled through trenches or tunnels melted in glacial ice of the Fraser Glaciation. Mathews based this on the age of the underlying till, the existence of pillow lava close to the bottom of some lavas, indicating subaqueous volcanism, the columnar jointing at the edges of the lavas, indicating rapid cooling, and the absence of apparent palaeogeography.
|
|
The high elevation of Matuyama-aged rocks east of Santiam Pass, coupled with exposure of Brunhes-aged rocks to the west, imply the presence of a northward-trending normal fault. Hayrick Butte is of late Pleistocene age. Like Hogg Rock, Hayrick Butte is an andesite lava dome with a flat top, suggesting that it is also a tuya, or a subglacial volcano. Both volcanic features have been eroded by glaciation, leaving glassy margins and jointing.
|
|
The glacial origin of some landforms has been questioned. Erling Lindström has advanced the thesis that roches moutonnées may not be entirely glacial landforms taking most of their shape before glaciation. Jointing that contribute to the shape typically predate glaciation and roche moutonnée-like forms can be found in tropical areas such as East Africa and Australia. Further at Ivö Lake in Sweden weathered rock surfaces exposed by kaolin mining resemble roche moutonnée.
|
|
Helmet Peak, a steep- sided cinder cone on Lake Island with an elevation of , consists of welded volcanic blocks and basaltic feeder dikes. During eruption, basaltic tuff breccia was deposited throughout Lake Island and nearby Lady Douglas Island. Lava flows on the shores of Price Island and Dufferin Island were erupted from forest-covered basalt cones, which have been reduced in size to small volcanic mounds. Basaltic lava flows on Finngal Island comprise well-developed columnar jointing.
|
|
The Korean government regularly reminds its citizens of this prohibition. For example, the South Korean Embassy in Canada wrote (after cannabis use was legalized there in October 2019) that "it is illegal for South Koreans to use cannabis, even if they are in a region where cannabis is legal". The Korean police also recently announced in an appeal that South Koreans can be punished at home if they smoke weed in a country where jointing is legal.
|
|
These bluffs and buttes are remnants of a higher gravel plain. On the ridge between the forks of the Mary River, there are two low, rocky buttes, which, on account of the general low relief of the region, stand out as landmarks. These buttes are composed of white crystalline limestone, whose bedding is obscured by jointing and cleavage. Except for these buttes, the bed rock, as indicated by fragments found on the surface, consists of calcareous mica schists.
|
|
Ring Mountain, also called Crucible Dome, is a tuya in the Mount Cayley volcanic field, British Columbia, Canada. It has a horseshoe shaped crater, located on the east side of the upper Squamish River. Outcrops on Ring Mountain's western side contain highly variable, fine-scale jointing and are locally broken down into many small spires and knobs. The age of Ring Mountain is unknown, but probably formed during the Fraser Glaciation like most tuyas in Canada.
|
|
Many of the original city walls still exist, built of large blocks of limestone in the polygonal style. This style is also seen in several terrace walls belonging to a later date, indicated by the careful jointing and bossing of the blocks of which they are composed. Such intentional archaism is by no means uncommon in the neighborhood of Rome. The modern town, occupying the ancient site, is an episcopal see, with a much- restored 13th-century Gothic cathedral.
|
|
The remarkable feature of Uluru is its homogeneity and lack of jointing and parting at bedding surfaces, leading to the lack of development of scree slopes and soil. These characteristics led to its survival, while the surrounding rocks were eroded. For the purpose of mapping and describing the geological history of the area, geologists refer to the rock strata making up Uluru as the Mutitjulu Arkose, and it is one of many sedimentary formations filling the Amadeus Basin.
|
|
It was designed to compete for the 1920 Air Ministry Commercial Amphibian Competition although it was too late to enter. The Kittiwake was a wooden amphibian biplane flying boat powered by two ABC Wasp II radial engines mounted on struts between the upper and lower wing. It had a crew of two and room for seven passengers. The fuselage, like most of the Kittiwake was built with Saunders' patent Consuta method for jointing plywood panels with sewn copper wire.
|
|
A two-storey, stuccoed brick Victorian Italianate post office with a corner clock tower/campanile, and a corrugated iron clad roof. The building is located in a visually prominent position, near a major intersection. The main facade to High Street has a round arched loggia at street level surmounted by a balcony with cast iron column supports. Openings to the windows and doors have heavily moulded arched lintels and quoins are expressed by grooved mock ashlar jointing.
|
|
Joinery timbers for the Chapel chairs was also locally available, although the timber for the Dining Room refectory furniture was sourced from elsewhere. The extensive lengths and cross sectional dimensions that presented a particular challenge, even at the time. Local people "bushies" skilled with the broadaxe and adze, and carpenters versant with traditional jointing methods were sourced. All timbers were brought to the site directly from felling in the forest, where they were barked, de-sapped and line dressed.
|
|
By mapping some joints within the crystalline basement in the same area, it was found that their spatial organization (spacing distribution) displayed discrete scale invariance over more than four decades.Ouillon G., D. Sornette, A. Genter and C. Castaing, The imaginary part of rock jointing, J. Phys. France I, 6, 8, 1127-1139 (1996) Using some other dataset and a theoretical model, Huang et al. also showed that, due to interactions between parallel structures, the length distribution of joints displays discrete scale invariance.
|
|
These sediments are often the parent material for soils and are derived from soils, but the degree of sedimentary sorting and distribution varies so widely that these are also considered to be independent of soils. Sedimentary parent material. Very few parent materials associated with soils are entirely uniform in their composition or structure. Frequently, there is some degree of irregularity including foliation, veining, jointing, or layering that in some cases helps with soil formation, and in other cases hampers it.
|
|
Most of the dykes are basaltic in composition but a minority are trachytic. The dominant trend of the dykes is northwest-southeast although they are locally in part radial near the old volcanic centre. On the Trotternish peninsula, mafic magma was intruded along the bedding planes of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks beneath the lavas to form sills that are up to 90m thick. They commonly display columnar jointing, such as in the upper part of the Kilt Rock at Staffin.
|
|
A Swift Bolero motorhome parked on the Dorset coast (Jurassic coast) at sunset Swift Leisure are a British manufacturer of leisure vehicles, including caravans and motorhomes. Started in 1964, the company is based in Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire. It celebrated its Golden 50th year in 2014, with the launch of SMART HT, the first fully composite caravan without any timber and ply in the body, and using a patent pending aluminum jointing systems and a patent pending floor construction .
|
|
Grange Furniture is a furniture shop in Monts du Lyonnais, France that was established by Joseph Grange in 1904. The company continues to produce heirlooms using "old-world techniques" such as dove-tail jointing, hand applied wood stain and lacquer. Designs are "subtle updates" based on the "feminine shapes" used in 17th century chateaux furniture by André-Charles Boulle and Jean-François Oeben, or other furniture from historic Provence, France homes. A five-foot cherrywood corner cabinet cost about $6,000 in 2009.
|
|
Quarrying (also known as plucking) is the process by which a chunk of the bedrock must be somehow removed from the bed of the river and then forced along the planar surface of the riverbed. This process is the most similar to glacial erosion. It is most effective in rivers where the jointing is close enough to allow the blocks to be moved by river flow. The process of removing the piece of bedrock can be caused by many different factors.
|
|
Approximately three billion kilograms are produced annually worldwide. Industrial production entails the reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol: :C6H4(CO)2O + 2 C8H17OH → C6H4(CO2 C8H17)2 \+ H2O 2-Ethylhexanol is chiral, and the resultant DEHP consists of a mixture of (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and (R,S)-isomers (left). PVC is used extensively in sewage pipe due to its low cost, chemical resistance, and ease of jointing. Phthalate plasticizers are essential for the utility of PVC, which is too brittle otherwise.
|
|
The Bowen River Hotel was built in the 1860s from local timber and originally roofed with bark. It comprises two buildings connected by a covered walkway, and is an example of careful bush carpentry and skilled jointing fixed with wooden pegs. The complex comprises two buildings connected by a covered walkway. A verandah extends round three sides of the main building, while a small verandah opens off the main room on the northern corner of the second and smaller structure.
|
|
The framing, reputed to be grey ironbark, is generally square in section, hand cut and assembled off site prior to the final erection. Roman numerals and runes are inscribed in the timber to identify the position of each structural member. Joints, including cross- halved, checked and mortise and tenon, interlock the timber members giving the frame greater structural rigidity. Each member must be placed into position in the correct sequence during erection due to the complexity of the jointing system.
|
|
This exemplifies the interest of the architects in structure and the role that structural expression played in the spatial design. The design of the chapel spire presented the most challenging of structural problems, the resolution of which required a unique jointing system utilising exposed stainless steel shear connector plates to connect the halved trusses to the king pole. A concrete ring beam was required to take the thrust of the spire, which was greatest at the four corners of the chapel.
|
|
A good holdfast works remarkably well, and is inexpensive and easy to install. The holdfast can also be used for clamping work to the side of the bench for jointing. If the legs on your base are not too far under the top, simply bore a hole in the side of the leg and use the holdfast horizontally. A woodworker can do just about anything they need on a bench with only a planing stop and a holdfast or two.
|
|
The Apollo 14 crew members sampled boulders in the ejecta of Cone crater. These boulders appeared to be layered and fractured breccias, contrasting from the appearance of the surrounding area because of their older age. As these boulders increase in size and number closer to Cone crater, it is believed that they originate from the greatest depth of excavation of Cone crater. These boulders show what is believed to be general characteristics of the Fra Mauro formation: clastic texture, stratification, and jointing or fracturing.
|
|
Normally, the desired outcome of jointing is an edge which is straight along its length and perpendicular to the face of the board. However, there is a technique often used when gluing up panels, referred to as a sprung joint. In this technique, the desired outcome is an edge which is slightly concave along its length. When two such edges are brought together and clamped, the sprung edges create greater tension at the ends of the join, which assists in creating a seamless joint.
|
|
The Mess Lake Lava Field is noticeable from satellite or aerial images due to its extremely black young basalt. Its westernmost and southwesternmost ends are flanked by the Mess Creek Escarpment, forming a steep prominent cliff. This cliff exposes several layers of black columnar basaltic lava flows with distal rock fragments and pyroclastic deposits. Eruptions of the young Mess Lake Lava Field basalts cascaded down this steep lava cliff similar to what occurs at the island of Hawaii and covered some of the columnar basalt jointing.
|
|
When basalt erupts underwater or flows into the sea, contact with the water quenches the surface and the lava forms a distinctive pillow shape, through which the hot lava breaks to form another pillow. This "pillow" texture is very common in underwater basaltic flows and is diagnostic of an underwater eruption environment when found in ancient rocks. Pillows typically consist of a fine-grained core with a glassy crust and have radial jointing. The size of individual pillows varies from 10 cm up to several meters.
|
|
A view of the campus office from the front entrance kanthari international is an educational and training institute at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It was co-founded by Sabriye Tenberken and Paul Kronenberg in 2007, with the first members jointing in 2009, as an extension of their pioneering project Braille without borders. The not-for-profit institute aims to identify and train persons who have had to face adverse social conditions including physical disabilities, poverty, war strife . Its original official name was "International Institute for Social Entrepreneurship".
|
|
"Understanding Bench Planes", Popular Woodworking Magazine, 08 October 2008, Retrieved on 22 April 2015 Jointer planes are typically long, and are the longest hand planes commonly used. Under the Stanley Bailey numbering system #7 and #8 planes are jointer planes. The use of the name jointer plane dates back to at least the 17th century, referring to the process of readying the edges of boards for jointing. The terms try plane, trying plane, and trueing plane have been in use since at least the 19th century.
|
|
The projecting, eroding edges of the flood basalts preserved in the syncline form the three ridges of the Watchung Mountains. Jurassic sedimentary rock layers between and above the ridges form the Feltville, Towaco and Boonton formations. Elsewhere in the Newark Basin, smaller synclines preserve the Watchung Outliers, additional fragments of the flood basalts and associated overlying sediments that have survived into the modern era. Because the majority of the Watchung Mountains are composed of extrusive igneous trap rock, they display characteristic columnar jointing and stacked lava flows.
|
|
As with his games since Princess Crown, in- game character models were 2D artwork animated using "multi-jointing", a technique later associated with Adobe Flash animation. The scale and quality of the designs was severely limited by time constraints. Kamitani said that the character animations and the "fish bowl" perspective of cutscenes turned out better than expected in the final product. A notable part of the collaboration between Vanillaware and Nippon Ichi Software was the character Lujie Piche, who also appeared in Soul Nomad & the World Eaters.
|
|
A solidified lava pond that consists of a massive gray basalt with weakly developed columnar jointing occupies the crater of Vulcan. Radial, sinuous lava tubes 8 to 20 inches across and 300 feet long are preserved on the northeast and northwest flanks of Vulcan.Smith, G.A., Florence, P.S., Castounis, A.D., Luongo, M., Moore, J.D., Throne, J., Zelley, K., 1999, Basaltic near-vent faces of Vulcan Cone, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 50, p. 211-219.., New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
|
|
A serviceable featherboard can be shop-fabricated from an approximately 3/4 × 3 × 11 inch piece of straight grained, defect-free wood cut crosswise at a 45-degree angle on one end.Nagyszalanczy, Sandor: Woodshop Jigs & Fixtures, page 215, Taunton Press, 1994. Several parallel cuts in the direction of the grain create fingers or "feathers" that flex in the direction of workpiece travel, preventing the workpiece from being dragged backwards by blade friction. Featherboards are also useful for edge jointing, and making moulding on router tables.
|
|
At Mintaro, the natural jointing and fracturing are widely spaced and facilitates the mining of large slabs. Many prominent buildings in Adelaide feature Mintaro slate, including Parliament House, St Francis Xavier Cathedral, South Australian Museum, Supreme Court, Adelaide Town Hall, St Peters Cathedral and Mortlock Library. Mintaro slate has been used in every Australian city and also in many regional areas. In recent time use of the slate has established a niche market that includes paving, kitchen and table tops, fireplaces, flooring, verandah edging and heritage surfaces.
|
|
Plinth Peak was also formed during the Plinth Assemblage eruptive stage and is mostly composed of prominent columnar or partly jointed lava flows. Its north ridge and flat-topped summit contain three areas of steep flow layering and subhorizontally-oriented columnar jointing. These areas are possibly the remains of volcanic plugs or lava domes that were the northern source of Plinth Assemblage lava flows. The Mosaic Assemblage, a sparsely porphyritic plagioclase-augite-olivine basalt and trachybasalt formation, also formed during the fourth eruptive period.
|
|
Some differences exist between the facies of the ignimbrite inside and outside of the caldera, as well as between the western and eastern outcrops. Such differences concern the degree of welding of the ignimbrite, the occurrence or absence of devitrification and the jointing patterns. In fact, a segment of the northern Atana ignimbrite was later considered to not be actually part of the Atana ignimbrite at all because of the different facies and petrology. This separate ignimbrite was christened to be an upper and a lower Tara ignimbrite, possibly erupted by the Cerro Guacha caldera.
|
|
Each flow is up to thick, and many display characteristic columnar jointing. The basalts have been dated to 36 million years ago, though it is apparent from other, nearby flows that volcanism continued after the Lokitaung basalts formed. While the Lokitaung basalts are thought to extend over latitudinally, their full range is not known. Similarities in age and composition between Lokitaung basalts on the west of Lake Turkana, and basalts from the Nabwal hills and formation on the east of the lake, suggest these two basalts were once much closer geographically.
|
|
Laminate trimmers excel at this task due to their light weight and one-handed operation. Laminate trimmers have evolved to the point where they are essentially fully functional miniature routers. Apart from trimming and flushing, they can be used for jointing, rounding edges, chamfering, routing grooves and dados, dovetails, even mortise and tenons. A modern laminate trimmer can perform almost any task that a larger handheld router can do, with the caveat that the smaller machine may be limited in the size of bit that can physically fit within its collet and the base plate.
|
|
Current Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) Infielder Masayoshi Miwa played for the Olive Guyners from 2005–2007 before jointing the Tokyo Yakult Swallows. Utility player Jobu Morita played for the Olive Guyners from 2006–2008 before being selected by NPB's Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in the 2008 developmental draft. Former Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) player Kohichi Amano pitched for the Olive Guyners in 2007, as did Australian right-hander Todd Grattan and right-hander Ryokan Kobayashi. Italian right-hander Alex Maestri pitched for team for part of 2012 before signing with NPB's Orix Buffaloes.
|
|
Kumejima, Okinawa Prefecture , literally "tatami stones", is a geological feature in Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan. Located on the south coast of the island of , to the immediate southeast of Kume Island, it lies within Kumejima Prefectural Natural Park. Exposed at low tide, the feature comprises some one thousand pentagonal and hexagonal rocks, each 1 to 1.5 metres in diameter, stretching fifty metres from north to south over a length of two hundred and fifty metres. It was formed during the Miocene period by the columnar jointing of andesitic lava as it cooled and contracted.
|
|
The jointer plane, also known as the try plane or trying plane, is a type of hand plane used in woodworking to straighten the edges of boards in the process known as jointing, and to flatten the faces of larger boards. Its long length is designed to 'ride over' the undulations of an uneven surface, skimming off the peaks, gradually creating a flatter surface. In thicknessing or preparing rough stock, the jointer plane is usually preceded by the fore plane or jack plane and followed by the smoothing plane.Schwarz, Christopher.
|
|
Mortar joints in brickwork take up a considerable large amount of a wall's surface area and have a significant influence on the wall's overall appearance. Some joint profiles accentuate their individual designs, while others merge the bricks and mortar to form a flush, homogeneous surface. Mortar joints vary not only by their appearance, but also by their water-resistance properties. The following are the most common types of mortar joints: ;Concave joint :This popular type of joint is formed in mortar through the use of a curved steel jointing tool.
|
|
This procedure is often performed prior to edge jointing so that the board has a flat reference face for subsequent operations. Straightening 'crown', the curved edge of a bowed board: Straightening is a successive approximation sequence. Successive cuts are made from each end, made successively longer each time the board is turned end for end. After the crown is straightened, the work piece would next be taken to a table saw for a cut to make a new parallel edge--which then will likely be smoothed by another run through the jointer.
|
|
The PW-4 was built for U.S. Navy Specification No. 96, calling for a carrier- based light fighter. This specification was eventually revealed as a cover for the Navy's actual desire for an airship fighter, the Curtiss XF9C. The XFA was a single-bay biplane with an all-metal fuselage and metal laminate skin. The construction of its fuselage was innovative in that instead of using lap jointing, the edges of each panel were bent inwards, with the rivets fastening them on the inside, instead of being visible on the surface.
|
|
Rectangular drainage develops on rocks that are of approximately uniform resistance to erosion, but which have two directions of jointing at approximately right angles or 90 degrees. The joints are usually less resistant to erosion than the bulk rock so erosion tends to preferentially open the joints and streams eventually develop along the joints. The result is a stream system in which streams consist mainly of straight line segments with right angle bends and tributaries join larger streams at right angles. This pattern can be found with the Arun River in Nepal.
|
|
The center of the crater is filled with of rubble lying above crater bedrock. One of the interesting features of the crater is its squared-off outline, believed to be caused by existing regional jointing (cracks) in the strata at the impact site. The crater is privately owned by the Barringer family through their Barringer Crater Company, which proclaims it to be the "best preserved meteorite crater on Earth". Since the crater is privately owned, it is not protected as a national monument, a status that would require federal ownership.
|
|
Dhinodhar Hill, is a volcanic plug rising above the local sandstone, and composed of relatively fresh, very fine-grained, black to dark grey, largely aphyric (largely without phenocrysts), aphanitic rock, rising to an elevation of 386 meters, it shows several near- vertical, dike-like tabular intrusions with well-developed columnar jointing, and a roughly circular ring breached to the east, enclosing a pronounced crater-like central depression. Dhinodhar is not a vent itself but the eroded remains of a subvolcanic intrusion emplaced at the time of the Deccan Traps.
|
|
For instance, the Japanese company Hashimoto is bigger than Raute when it comes to veneer jointing. Raute’s biggest competitor is the Japanese Meinan, whose net sales in 2014 were less than half of Raute’s. The company’s business is exceptionally sensitive to economic cycles, which can be explained, for example, by the fact that plywood’s global production rose 85 percent between 2000 and 2017 and LVL production increased 57 percent between 2011 and 2017. In 2019, around half of the world’s LVL was manufactured on machines made by Raute.
|
|
The lack of evidence for volcano- ice interactions at the Mount Cayley massif implies that all eruptive stages most likely took place prior to glacial periods. This contrasts with many neighbouring volcanoes, which contain abundant volcanic glass and fine-scale columnar jointing from contact with ice during eruptions. Initial volcanic activity of the Mount Cayley massif 4,000,000 years ago corresponded with changes to the regional plate tectonics. This involved the separation of the Explorer and Juan de Fuca plates off the British Columbia Coast, which had some significant ramifications for regional geologic evolution.
|
|
The Sankt Georgskapelle (Saint George's Chapel) – in Heidesheim's north between the railway line and the Autobahn from Mainz to Koblenz – is “built in the fully preserved space of a Roman villa rustica …of which today still…two walls going up under the roof, in parts with original painting on the jointing outside and wall plaster inside, are preserved.”Franz Staab, Heidentum und Christentum in der Germania Prima zwischen Antike und Mittelalter, in: Drs., Hrsg., Zur Kontinuität zwischen Antike und Mittelalter am Oberrhein, Sigmaringen 1994 (= Oberrheinische Studien, Bd. 11), S. 117-152 bes. S.143.
|
|
The rock is highly compressed and contains numerous fracture lines and jointing. As a result of erosion along a major north–south-trending fault line containing bedrock much more brittle than that on surrounding areas, a large part of the rock broke away, resulting in Christ's Saddle, the depression between the peaks. The island's rock is deeply eroded through exposure to wind and water. Pathway to the monastery The Wailing Woman rock lies in the centre of the island, on the ascent before the Christ's Saddle ridge, above sea level, on of grassland.
|
|
Characteristic landforms caused by groundwater sapping are “theater-shaped” channel heads and “U-shaped” valleys, which have a consistent width and steep valley walls. Weakened basal rocks are unable to support more resistant upper layers, causing valley head and sidewalls to collapse inwards. Theater-shaped channel heads are characterized by overhanging sidewalls that are relatively dry compared to the lower level rocks below the zone of seepage. The development of theater heads has been related to “ground-water flow direction, jointing and faulting, permeability contrasts, formation slope and dip angles, and formation cohesion”.
|
|
These studies also concluded that the sill was emplaced in a position nearly identical to its current one (10-to-15-degree dip); this is further confirmed by the still-vertical orientation of the columnar jointing. It has been proposed that the Watchung basalt flows of the Watchung Mountains are extrusive eruptions of the same magma that created the Palisades Sill. Magnetic and gravity measurements have indicated the presence of a large subsurface dike between the Palisades intrusion and the Ladentown basalt, an extrusive body of Watchung basalt north of Suffern, New York.Kodama, K.P., 1983.
|
|
The woodworker will usually have scribed a line on the end to indicate how far to trim the board. The hand plane is rested on its side on the fence and held firmly against the end of the board whilst being pushed along its length. Jointing is performed the same way except that the board is oriented so that one end is against the stop and the edge to be jointed faces the fence. One problem faced when using shooting boards repetitively is that the blade in the hand plane becomes worn very quickly in one spot.
|
|
To the west and in the same space was a double bed with a mosquito net suspended above. Behind the stove was an improvised galley kitchen with a gas fueled refrigerator, stainless steel sink and the combustion stove for cooking. Shelves, towel rails and benches made by Grounds complete the joinery and there is also a cabinet with impressive dovetail jointing that Grounds had made in the 1930s for his first house "Ranelagh", at Mt Eliza in Victoria. The hot water service was mounted above the stove and behind the flue, the entire set-up being designed by Grounds.
|
|
The ceiling joists spanning each room of the larger front building are dovetailed into the top plates, meaning that each end of each joist was individually cut at angles and set into an exactly matching cut on the top beam of the wall. This laborious and exacting technique minimised the use of expensive hand-made nails and was seldom seen in the colony at all, and only rarely from the 1850s. Other parts of the frame also show similarly rare and exacting methods of jointing. The internal fabric also indicated an early 19th century construction date.
|
|
Montgomery 1953, pp.13-14 This member includes spotty basal andalusite-biotite hornfels, from to thick, consisting of biotite crystals up to in size in a coarsely felted mass of muscovite and quarts. This includes knots of quartz and andalusite up to in diameter.Montgomery 1953, pp.12-13 Twinned staurolite from Rinconada Formation The staurolite likely crystallized out at a temperature of 532 ± 20 °C and about 3,700 bar total pressure under conditions of water undersaturation.Holdaway 1978 The second member is a gray-white quartzite, to thick, with slabby jointing and devoid of sillimanite and kyanite.Montgomery 1953, p.
|
|
Greenfoot Quarry is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of west County Durham, England. It is a disused quarry, situated in the Wear valley, 1 km upstream from the village of Stanhope. The site has national geological importance for its exposures of the Little Whin Sill; there are other exposures in the bed of the Wear near to the quarry, but none shows so complete an exposure as Greenfoot Quarry. At the western end of the quarry is a unique exposure which displays columnar jointing in the sill with limestone exposed above and below the intrusion.
|
|
The story of the Fundy Basin begins about 200 million years ago in the early Jurassic, when all land on earth was part of a supercontinent called Pangaea. At that time what is now The Maritimes was situated near the equator and had a warm tropical climate and lush vegetation. As continental drift reshaped the world, rift valleys formed, including the Cobequid-Chedabucto fault system. During the continental breakup, magma erupted as basaltic lavas and left igneous rock formations such as the columnar jointing which can be seen on Brier and Grand Manan islands, among other places around the bay.
|
|
Russian popular articles have reported that scientists have proposed the rock formation to be the result of geological processes associated with the intense weathering of the rock composing Mount Shoriya.Anonymous, На юге Кузбасса найден "сибирский Стоунхендж". at InfoSibnet dated 2013, accessed 22 August 2014Балаева, Е. Каменные «башни» Горной Шории at Smart News dated June 21, 2014, accessed 22 August 2014 Both tectonic forces acting on deeply buried bedrock and pressure release that occurs within nearsurface bedrock as it is uplifted and eroded commonly form rectangular, block-like, rock formations that consist of jointed rock.J. Ehlen, "Jointing" In S.A. Goudie, ed.
|
|
Svartifoss in summer Svartifoss in winter Bulb Long exposure photograph of the Svartifoss waterfall Svartifoss (Black Waterfall) is a waterfall in Skaftafell in Vatnajökull National Park in Iceland, and is one of the most popular sights in the park. It is surrounded by dark lava columns, which gave rise to its name. Other well-known columnar jointing formations are seen at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Devil's Tower in Wyoming, United States and on the island of Staffa in Scotland. There are also similar formations throughout Iceland, including a small cave on the beach of Reynisdrangar.
|
|
Articulation, in art and architecture, is a method of styling the joints in the formal elements of architectural design. Through degrees of articulation, each part is united with the whole work by means of a joint in such a way that the joined parts are put together in styles ranging from exceptionally distinct jointing to the opposite of high articulation--fluidity and continuity of joining. In highly articulated works, each part is defined precisely and stands out clearly. The articulation of a building reveals how the parts fit into the whole by emphasizing each part separately.
|
|
Before World War I, the Cowes-based firm of S.E. Saunders Ltd was well known for its motor boats and in particular for Sam Saunder's patented method of jointing plywood structures for marine environments. In the absence of waterproof glues, Saunders sewed sheets together with copper wire, a method known by the trade name Consuta. Consuta- built hulls were produced by Saunders for several flying boats between 1912 and 1915, but most of the company's war time was spent building other companies' designs. The T.1 (T for Henry Haberfield Thomas, its designer) was the first all-Saunders aircraft, appearing in 1917.
|
|
Originally replicas of the drums, capitals and statues were to be made, because the advice had been not to repair them due to the severe damage to the original stone. The drums had once been joined together by means of iron pins. Serious corrosion of these jointing pins over many decades had caused the granite to split in places, which meant there had been a danger of the columns collapsing as result of the formation of cracks and fissures. The statues, too, were so badly eroded by weathering and lightning strikes, that their outline had been destroyed for ever.
|
|
Argon–argon dating shows that the rock is approximately 25.6 million years old, making it one of the oldest volcanic formations in the Cascades, but much younger than the 425 million-year-old Siskiyou Mountains nearby. Pilot Rock has a large amount of columnar jointing, created when the magma cooled. The joints are tilted about 20 degrees to the east due to the gradual uplift of the Siskiyou Mountains to the west. The rock also has an unusually high amount of black hornblende crystals, indicating that there was a significant amount of water in the area when it formed.
|
|
The front facade was laid in Flemish bond and finished with lead-tucked 'grapevining'. The rest of the structure is laid in common English bond with ordinary jointing. ' In 1817 Storm bought the opposite the house for his farming operations from Jacob R. Van Rensselaer, a descendant of the area's original Dutch manorial family who still had considerable landholdings in the area and was active in local politics as a state assemblyman, serving as speaker of that body and later New York's Secretary of State. Storm himself would serve as an assemblyman for a single term in the early 1820s.
|
|
Depending on the degree to which it was fractured by jointing, the granite bedrock underlying this surface was altered to varying depths beneath the land surface. This process formed underground "domes" of solid granite bedrock surrounded by deeply weathered, relatively loose, and disaggregated granite. Following separation of Australia and Antarctica and accompanying tilting of what became southwestern Australia, periodic erosion of the deeply weathered granite, which underlaid the surrounding land surface, exposed these buried solid bedrock domes over time as Hyden Rock.Twidale, C. R., J. A. Bourne, and J. R. Vidal Romani (2002) Multistage Landform Development in Various Settings and at Various Scales.
|
|
The Hughes Mountain State Natural Area can be accessed by the public via a 1.4 mile (2.253 kilometers) linear/loop trail with the trail head in a small parking area on Highway M southeast of Irondale. Within the Hughes Mountain Natural Area is a glade with an outcrops of Precambrian rhyolite displaying columnar jointing, and designated the Devil's Honeycomb. Devil's Honeycomb is listed in the book, Geographic Wonders and Curiosities of Missouri. The natural area is divided between forest land (about 2/3 the total area) containing three types of forests, and glades(about 1/3 the total area).
|
|
PVC is used extensively in sewage pipe due to its low cost, chemical resistance and ease of jointing. Phthalate plasticizers are essential to the utility of PVC, which is otherwise too brittle. Phthalates are used in a large variety of products, from enteric coatings of pharmaceutical pills and nutritional supplements to viscosity control agents, gelling agents, film formers, stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. End-applications include adhesives and glues, agricultural adjuvants, building materials, personal-care products, medical devices, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, modelling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks and coatings, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
|
|
This provides major cost savings, when compared to different pipe systems, some of which require glued fittings, restraints or thrust blocks for even minor changes in direction. Because of the high impact resistance and flexibility of HDPE pipe, it is well suited to installation in dynamic soils including in earthquake-prone areas. HDPE pipe has very high flow capacity, because of its smooth bore and end-to-end jointing methods. HDPE pipe does not corrode in the environment, and will maintain its flow capabilities over time, unlike ferrous piping systems, which will rust and build up internal resistance to fluid flowing through it.
|
|
One type of glue reacts with radio-frequency (RF) energy to cure the glue in minutes; the other uses a high-pressure clamp, which holds the newly reassembled timbers under pressure for 24 hours. Once the glue has dried, the result is a "log cant" that is slightly larger than the buyer's desired profile. These log cants are run through a profiler, and the end result is a log that is perfectly straight and uniform. Some mills are capable of joining together small timbers by using a combination of face and edge gluing and a process known as finger- jointing.
|
|
The lead- based pigments (lead tetroxide/calcium plumbate, or "red lead") were widely used as an anti-corrosive primer coating over exterior steelwork. This type of paint might have been applied to garden gates and railings, guttering and downpipes and other external iron and steelwork. Similar red lead-based compounds were also widely used as a jointing compound in engineering, to form steam- or oil-tight flanged joints in pipework. Red lead in paint was not banned by the 1992 legislation or by more recent EU REACH regulations"REACH Legislation", European Chemicals Agency. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
|
|
Construction materials manual l. Basel: Birdhouse ;, 2006. Print. 60. Plasterboard is commonly made with one of three different edge treatments: tapered edge, where the long edges of the board are tapered with a wide bevel at the front to allow for jointing materials to be finished flush with the main board face; plain edge, used where the whole surface will receive a thin coating (skim coat) of finishing plaster; and, finally, beveled on all four sides, used in products specialized for roofing. However, four-side chamfered drywall is not currently offered by major UK manufacturers for general use.
|
|
69 Steadily rising sea levels then further isolated this little island, which is entirely of volcanic origin. It consists of a basement of tuff, underneath colonnades of a black fine-grained Tertiary basalt, overlying which is a third layer of basaltic lava without a crystalline structure. By contrast, slow cooling of the second layer of basalt resulted in an extraordinary pattern of predominantly hexagonal columns which form the faces and walls of the principal caves. The lava contracted towards each of a series of equally spaced centres as it cooled and solidified into prismatic columns, a process known as columnar jointing.
|
|
This sharpley-defined zone of surface weathering and soil formation overlies relatively fresh rock exhibiting columnar jointing. The Bombo Latite Member was subsequently intruded by at least 5 basaltic (monchiquite) dykes of probable tertiary age which flowed around and between the columns of latite often taking 90 degree changes in direction. Early workersJaquet 1905 & Harper 1915 mapped and described these dykes but subsequent development of the quarry provided further exposures and obliterated others. Today dykes are mainly in the northern half of the quarry but at least one extends across the floor of the excavation in the vicinity of the isolated columnar stacks.
|
|
Full account of the local jointing pattern is made when deciding the position and orientation of cuts. Once the quarry faces have been cut, the stone is gently displaced hydraulically. This is done using "hydro-bags", which are thin, flat, steel bags or envelopes that when inflated with water under moderate pressure, are capable of producing the forces necessary to loosen the stone to the point where it can be easily removed using large wheeled loaders. Splitting stone, using pneumatic drills is arduous work and so wire-saws have been introduced into the quarries, replacing much of the plug and feather cutting.
|
|
The design of the shooting board remains fundamentally the same in both cases but the length of the board will vary - with the boards used for jointing being much longer than those intended for end grain trimming. A shooting board consists of a flat board, the base, with a stop at one end, similar to a bench hook, on which the board to be planed is rested. The stop prevents the board from sliding as it is planed. Parallel to the base and slightly lower is a secondary surface, the fence, which may be a separate board, or may be a rabbet cut into the base.
|
|
The chest section attached to the leg section with special locking clips. The bottom section of the suit hinged at the top of the legs, allowing Robby to both bend forward and swing each leg backward and forward slightly enabling him to walk with relative ease (albeit with rather small and stiff steps). Robby's legs were made from interlocking globes of vacuum-formed plastic which were connected by internal jointing that permitted the entire leg to bend slightly but cleverly concealed the movement of the hips and knees of the human operator inside. Robby's design was a major advance on all previous screen robots in many practical and aesthetic respects.
|
|
Within the upper part of the Blantyre formation trough cross stratification is present, and the angle of these troughs is in the order of around 25 degrees dipping in a north – south direction. Due to the increasing jointing in the Blantyre, we can surmise that the sandstone is influenced very little by the hydrothermal fluids, and preferentially weathers mud clasts. The environment here is one that has not as much water moving through, and the jointed layering could be as a result of drought at the time. This unit proceeds for some time until migrating alluvial fans cover the Blantyre Sandstone creating thick paraconglomerate layers above.
|
|
Gegham mountains Caves of Tegh, Armenia ("Cave City") Topography of Armenia Garni Gorge Columnar jointing at Garni Gorge Chalcopyrite ore from the deposit at Shamlugh in Armenia. From the collection of the Vernadsky State Geological Museum in Moscow, Russia Lava in Gutanasar mountain range "Old Goris" rock formation in Armenia The geology of Armenia was shaped by geological upheaval pushed up the Earth's crust to form the Armenian Plateau 25 million years ago. This created the complex topography of Armenia. The Lesser Caucasus range extends through northern Armenia, runs southeast between Lake Sevan and Azerbaijan, then passes roughly along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border to Iran.
|
|
Starting 70 million years ago and extending well into the Cenozoic, a mountain-building event called the Laramide orogeny uplifted the Rocky Mountains and with it the Canyonlands region. Even though the strata were uplifted thousands of feet (hundreds of meters) they were left at more-or-less the same horizontally. Uplift- associated-jointing did occur and has since influenced erosional patterns. When ground water seeped into the salt beds of the Paradox Formation it carried away the topmost and more soluble salts, leaving gypsum. This process was so pronounced in ‘’The Grabens’’ that the overlying rock collapsed into voids left by escaping salt.
|
|
In common with most of the Australian cratonic rocks, the Tumblagooda has undergone minimal tectonic activity since its formation. Faulting is rare (although perhaps unrecognized in inaccessible parts of the gorges) - several new faults were discovered during systematic examination of the gorges, and units continue laterally for great distances. Jointing is the dominant control of the landscape, with incised meanders enhancing joint locations. Miocene uplift has resulted in the formation of deep (approximately 60m/200 ft) gorges exposing large cliff sections; with the sparse vegetation characteristic of arid Western Australia, this means the unit is exceptionally exposed, making detailed study easy in accessible portions of the gorge.
|
|
Large quantities of aluminium were used in the framing and cladding of QE2s superstructure. This decision was designed to save weight, reducing the draft of the ship and lowering the fuel consumption, but it also posed the possibility of corrosion problems that can occur with joining the dissimilar metals together, so a jointing compound was coated between the steel and aluminium surfaces to prevent this happening. The low melting point of aluminium caused concern when QE2 was serving as a troop ship during the Falklands War: some feared that if the ship were struck by a missile her upper decks would collapse quickly due to fire, thereby causing greater casualties.
|
|
Details from below Decorative rings and ogees between the structural ribs of the bridge suggest that the final design was Pritchard's, as the same elements appear in a gazebo he rebuilt. A foreman at the foundry, Thomas Gregory, drew the detailed designs for the members, resulting in the use of carpentry jointing details such as mortise and tenon joints and dovetails. The two outer ribs are engraved with the words: "This bridge was cast at Coalbrook-Dale and erected in the year MDCCLXXIX". Two supplemental arches, of similar cast iron construction, carry a towpath on the southern bank and also act as flood arches.
|
|
The best solution is to use several cultural tactics throughout the life cycle of jointed goatgrass and at a minimum of three different decision times (during the interval between winter wheat crops, before planting winter wheat, after planting but before winter wheat jointing, and before harvesting). Other cultural practices include burning the residue after harvest and deep moldboard plowing, although Ball et al. point out that these methods can reduce air quality, increase soil erosion, decrease soil productivity and result in lost organic matter. Another option for the control of jointed goatgrass is to use deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) which scientists have already proven can suppress other weeds.
|
|
In 2004, a finger jointing mill proposed purchase of the Weyerhaeuser, Vavenby mill property and was scheduled to begin production, but the company went bankrupt before the plant became fully operational. The region has been showing signs of economic recovery though. The Canfor mill which had been indefinitely closed in 2009 due to poor market conditions reopened in September 2011 after $24 million in capital upgrades, and in January 2012 it added a second shift for a total of 145 jobs restored to the local region. Yellow Head Mining Corp began exploration in 2007 of the Harper Creek Mine project sited on Harper Mountain approximately 10 km south of town.
|
|
The red-brown colour (due to oxidisation of haematite) of the sandstone contrasts markedly with the grey-black latite, which displays spectacular columnar jointing elsewhere in the quarry. Isolated columns 5–5 meters in height stand adjacent to the coast between the north and south parts of the quarry; just to the north the sea wall exposes cross sections of the columns 1-2.5 metres in diameter, resulting in a "Giants Causeway" appearance. Petrographic descriptions of the latite emphasise its conspicuous porphyritic texture; large labradorite to andesine phenocrysts with minor clinopyroxene are set in a groundmass of feldspar microlites with interstital chlorite and iron oxide. The latite is commonly vesicular.
|
|
There are numerous other landslips of a similar nature on the nearby hills, especially that at Black Darren and Red Darren at the edge of the Hatterall Ridge to the south west, where the great size of the slippage dominates the side of the mountain. There is a yet larger landslip on the Skirrid, which is visible on the hill from a great distance as a deep notch in the landscape. Such landslips were probably formed at the end of the last Ice age when meltwater undermined the strata. There are many rock tables on the ridge of the Black Hill, where structural details such as rock jointing, can be seen more closely.
|
|
Floods, faults, and fire: Geological Field Trips in Washington States and Southwest British Columbia The latest basaltic eruption deposited wood in lacustrine sediments under the lava flows that have been dated years old. These youngest lavas form isolated ridges above the older glaciated Cheakamus Valley basalts and were described as "esker-like" by Canadian volcanologist Bill Mathews. Columnar jointing is present all through the most recent basalt lava flow and pillow basalts exist in the lowermost unit, portions of which are underlain by hyaloclastite breccia. Bill Mathews suggested that these esker-like lava flows were deposited during subglacial eruptions that traveled away from the vent inside tunnels or trenches melted in the overlying ice sheet.
|
|
Pearson Island was formed along with the rest of the Pearson Isles about 10,500 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the Holocene.Robinson et al, 1996, Page 11 Geologically, Pearson Island and the other members of the Pearson Isles are the summits of an inselberg partially concealed by sea level rise. Pearson Island exhibits landforms caused firstly by the formation of the inselberg and the characteristics of the granite from which it formed and secondly by the erosive and formative processes associated with the sea.RSSA, 1971, page 123 Firstly, landforms associated with the formation of the inselberg and with its constituent material respectively are sheet structures and orthogonal jointing.
|
|
There is no need to use rubber seals or jointing chemicals, as is used for joining PVC pipe, which cause environmental health issues and increase the chance of failure over time. PE is less likely to have problems with root intrusion, and provides integrity for the pipeline, even when installed in unstable soils. HDPE communications conduit pipe being installed by directional drilling in Perth, Western Australia Due to the fusion welded system, the need for anchors or thrust restraint blocks are eliminated, as the joints become fully end load resistant, reducing costs for material and installation time. This also allows for safer excavation close to the pipeline in future, which is particularly important for high pressure gas pipelines.
|
|
The initial opening up of the roof was achieved by inserting a robust valley rafter into the south slope; this abuts one of the retained original common rafters and is jointed in place. The wind- brace below the purlin in this location has been removed, the jointing retained, and the west end of the purlin truncated. The wind-brace may have been removed to facilitate the addition of the new valley rafter, while the purlin was removed to create the required through-access. The work was carried out to a high-degree, with care taken to mark out the assembly and to execute it with care rather than rely on bolts, straps or even nails.
|
|
The alteration is a very well made one. The inserted posts that create the doorway interrupt the original west wall-plate of the east wing and are jointed and pegged in place, this is the sign of good quality and usually fairly early work, later insertions of this type omit the pegging and in many cases the jointing by notching, nailing and bolting separate timbers into position. The newly created extension and the doorway between the existing building and the new provided a room accessible from the service staircase (S2). The un-heated room, given its location, may have been intended for staff accommodation, within easy reach of the service wing of the house.
|
|
Almost all the exposed granite has been extensively weathered and is in the form of rounded corestones. The colour is generally pale to medium grey, and the surface is typically fairly rough, with clearly visible crystals, and no layered structure. As an intrusive rock, dip and strike do not apply, but the massive rock is cracked on jointing planes, which tend to be characteristic of the location, and weathering has accentuated these joints. The general direction and spacing of joints in some areas is fairly consistent over quite large areas, and the underwater landscape is often a continuation of the general trends above the surface, which can be useful for navigational purposes.
|
|
In May 1943, Callenders, a company based in Erith, was engaged to produce HAIS pipeline sections. The lead pipe was produced in long sections which were then tested for twenty four hours under pressure, the pressure was then reduced to support the pipe as the armouring layers were applied. Production required new machinery and the construction of gantries to transfer the pipe from factory to storage and to load it onto ships. The HAIS sections had to be joined; the jointing process was a form of welding known as lead burning; the projected length of pipeline required 75 joints and it was vital that the joints did not fail during the handling and laying or during normal operation.
|
|
At least four basaltic flows comprise the sequence and were deposited during periods of volcanic activity from an unknown vent between 0.01 and 1.6 million years ago. Pillow lava is abundant along the bases the flows, some of which are underlain by hyaloclastite breccia. In 1958, Canadian volcanologist Bill Mathews suggested that the lava flows were erupted during periods of subglacial activity and traveled through trenches or tunnels melted in glacial ice of the Fraser Glaciation. Mathews based this on the age of the underlying glacial till, the existence of pillow lava close to the bottom of some lavas, indicating subaqueous volcanism, the columnar jointing at the edges of the lavas, indicating rapid cooling, and the absence of apparent palaeogeography.
|
|
Only it may wound some horse, and as for the shock, it is many times > of the small force, where the perfect reiter do never discharge their > pistols but in jointing, and striking at hand, they wound, aiming always > either at the face or the thigh. The second rank also shoot off so the > forefront of the men-or-arms squadron is at the first meeting half > overthrown and maimed. Although the first rank may with their spears do some > hurt, especially to the horses, yet the other ranks following cannot do so, > at leas the second or third, but are driven to cast away their spears and > help themselves with their swords. Herein we are to consider two things > which experience hath confirmed.
|
|
The upper cooling unit was emplaced on a flat surface as a uniform deposit with thicknesses ranging from in its southern sector to north. The upper cooling unit is itself subdivided into a basal and an upper section; the basal section is strongly welded sometimes to the point of being vitrophyric with few fiamme and lithic fragments, whereas the upper section is poorly welded and light brown to pink in colour, with columnar jointing. A transitional area separates the thick upper unit with moderate quantities of lithics and fiamme from the lower unit. The two cooling units may have formed under different eruption conditions: High fountains may be the source of the lower cooling unit and lower and less stable fountains that of the upper cooling unit.
|
|
Such an arrangement would have modernised the house, instead of separate means of access within separate wings, greater access and efficiency was achieved, facilitating the movement of staff throughout the building as well as the family and their guests. The staircase is stylistically datable to the early to mid 17th century; however, redundant jointing and awkwardly jointed members indicate that it is reused in its present position. It is possible that the staircase was imported from another building and altered to fit this location, indicating that the insertion was no earlier than the mid 17th century. The inserted doorway between east wing and southwest extension at garret level created access between the in situ east wing garrets and the new build.
|
|
In 2006, LaMoreaux analyzed jointing patterns at Ornostay Bluff, a viscous series of trachyte lava flows on the western lava plateau of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. LaMoreaux also examined trachytic lava flows from Koosick Bluff and Triangle Dome, a trachytic lava dome which last erupted during the Pleistocene period. Other studies by LaMoreaux determined criteria for understanding how lava flow thickness may or may not be an indication that the progress of a lava flow was impeded by an ice barrier, resulting in an unusually thick lava flow. Chira Endress, a student of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States, focused on a section of glaciogenic sediments immediately beneath the same Ice Peak trachyte lava flow sampled and described by Jeff Hungerford during his 2006 studies.
|
|
The machinery consists of eight planing machines, several cutting > machines, eight saws for jointing pavement, one machine for making steps, > coping and tabling; two polishing machines, six steam engines and from > twelve to fourteen steam and other cranes ... The weight of stones sent away > from the Carmylie Quarries daily is about 150 tons. A single line of railway > extends from the quarries - the rails going to the bottom - to Elliot > Junction near Arbroath a distance of five miles. The Carmylie Railway as it > is called passes near the village of Arbirlot and skirts the beautiful Kelly > Den which is of so much interest to the geologist. The line was constructed > by the Earl of Dalhousie who sold it some years ago to the Caledonian > Railway Company.
|
|
Pillow lava is typically fine-grained, due to rapid cooling, with a glassy crust, and has radial jointing. With a height of at least and rising to within only of the sea surface, Bowie Seamount is the shallowest submarine volcano on the British Columbia Coast, as well as in Canadian waters, and one of the shallowest submarine volcanoes in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Most seamounts are found hundreds to thousands of metres below sea level, and are therefore considered to be within the deep sea. In fact, if Bowie Seamount were on land it would be about higher than Whistler Mountain in southwestern British Columbia and lower than Mount Robson, the highest mountain in the Canadian portion of the Rocky Mountains.
|
|
Later in the 2011/12 season, Howe goalscoring form soon became a drought, having added five goals to his tally. In League Two play-off's, against Cheltenham Town, Howe come off as a substitute in the 21st minutes after an hamstring injury and causing him to miss the next leg, which Torquay United lose again. In his first season at Torquay, he was the first-choice striker and both top scorer in the league, jointing with Lee Mansell and all competitions with fourteen; also a key-player to the club that send the club to the League Two play-off's by finishing fifth place. However, Howe was the player who was sent off most often for the club twice and scored fourteen goals in forty-three appearance in all competitions.
|
|
After completing his education from the National Council of Education West Bengal (the first nationalistic technical institute), he joined the Geological Survey of India working with Mr. Heron, the geologist in the capacity of field supervisor. At GSI he was involved in field surveys for mineral resource of India and traveled extensively across the country, staying in different states like Bihar, Rajputana, Orissa in places like Mewar, Jaisagar and Telinagar etc. His surveys included the examination of the wolfram deposit in Orissa and the granite sheet jointing and quartzite ridge survey in the Aravalli Range, which are still used. The evidence of his detailed study on the field of rocks and minerals can be found in the different memoirs published at that time by the GSI and other field notes now in possession of his family.
|
|
The purpose of the area just below the center of gravity and the waterline known as the hypozomata (ὑποζώματα) was to allow bending of the hull when faced with up to 90 kN of force. The calculations of forces that could have been absorbed by the ship are arguable because there is not enough evidence to confirm the exact process of jointing used in ancient times. In a modern reconstruction of the ship, a polysulphide sealant was used to compare to the caulking that evidence suggests was used; however this is also argued because there is simply not enough evidence to authentically reproduce the triereis seams. Triremes required a great deal of upkeep in order to stay afloat, as references to the replacement of ropes, sails, rudders, oars and masts in the middle of campaigns suggest.
|
|
Two vehicular-width gateways provide access to the hard- paved area in front of the church and feature dressed sandstone gateposts with intersecting gabled tops and stop-chamfered corners. A pedestrian gate with ornamental tendrils, curls and spears mounted between a pair of similar gate- posts is located opposite the main Hall entrance. The fence as a whole is generally in quite good condition but showing evidence of the general weathering and wear and tear common with such structures of this age (including open joints, various impacts from the laying of paved surfaces against the base, etc.). More significant however, was the condition of the gate posts either side of the two vehicular entrances which showed evidence of repeated and substantial impact damage and resultant movement - resulting in one post having to be dismantled and the body and jointing of the others appearing less than satisfactory.
|
|
Structural weaknesses existed near the bow of the vessels, where the armour plating was generally thinner, as demonstrated by Musashi's damage from a torpedo hit in 1943.Steinberg, p. 54 The hull of the Shinano was subject to even greater structural weaknesses, being hastily constructed near the end of the war and having been equipped with incomplete armour and unsealed watertight compartments at the time of her sinking. The torpedo defense system performed substantially worse than designed; in particular, very poor jointing between the upper-belt and lower-belt armour created a rupture-prone seam just below the waterline, which when combined with the relatively shallow system depth and the lack of liquid loading caused the class to be susceptible to torpedoes; the joint failure has been attributed to the considerable damage inflicted upon Yamato from a single torpedo impact in 1943, and to the sinking of Shinano from four hits in 1944.
|
|
The GWR seems to have taken the lead, obtaining Parliamentary authority to double the line and extend it south over the River Thames to join the London and Southampton Railway (later the London and South Western Railway: the L&SWR;), and (by Act of 1859) eliminate the flat crossing at the north end. The latter was swiftly put into effect, with a new line crossing over their main line by a bridge, and a spur line making a connection. In the northwards direction, the spur diverged to the right at the new North Pole Junction; it then swung left, crossing under the new high-level line and jointing the GWR main line in the direction of Reading. The through line to and from Willesden had previously passed under the Paddington Canal, with a 1 in 36 gradient to get down to the low level; it now crossed it by a bridge, the new alignment displaced a little to the west.
|
|
The formation of slopes of different gradients depends on the one hand on the type of underlying rock of the mountain or hill - and this may result in slopes varying from those on the other side of a mountain, hill or valley – and on the other hand on its local hardness, and circumstances of its deposition (sedimentation, stratigraphy, bedding or jointing), on its resistance to erosion and not least on the water flow and local climatic conditions. From a geomorphological standpoint, there is a distinction made between steilhänge not simply on the basis of their gradient and rock type, but especially on their aspect (i.e. their orientation), their rotundity or roughness (small shapes, flexion, steps, terraces, drainage etc.), the vegetation on the mountainsides or hillsides and the soil formation. For example, the soil type known as ranker gets its name from the word Ranker which is commonly used in Western Austria to mean steilhang.
|
|
Sources can include bacterial fragments, the sloughing of the component walls within the conduit's wetted stream and also the cleanliness of the jointing processes used to build the piping system. Total organic carbon in ultra pure water can contribute to bacterial proliferation by providing nutrients, can substitute as a carbide for another chemical species in a sensitive thermal process, react in unwanted ways with biochemical reactions in bioprocessing and, in severe cases, leave unwanted residues on production parts. TOC can come from the feed water used to produce UPW, from the components used to convey the UPW (additives in the manufacturing piping products or extrusion aides and mold release agents), from subsequent manufacturing and cleaning operations of piping systems or from dirty pipes, fittings and valves. Metallic and anionic contamination in UPW systems can shut down enzymatic processes in bioprocessing, corrode equipment in the electrical power generation industry and result in either short or long-term failure of electronic components in semiconductor chips and photovoltaic cells.
|
|
Four types of tessellated pavements are recognized: tessellated pavements formed by jointing; tessellated pavements formed by cooling contraction; tessellations formed by mud cracking and lithification; and tessellated sandstone pavements of uncertain origin. The most common type of tessellated pavement consists of relatively flat rock surfaces, typically the tops of beds of sandstones and other sedimentary rocks, that are subdivided into either more or less regular rectangles or blocks approaching rectangles by well-developed systematic orthogonal joint systems. The surface of individual beds, as exposed by erosion, are typically divided into either squares, rectangles, and less commonly triangles or other shapes, depending on the number and orientation of the joint sets that comprise the joint system. This relatively flat surface of individual beds of sedimentary rocks are frequently altered by weathering along joints as to cause the bedrock along the joints to be either raised or recessed as the result of differential erosion.
|
|
He was invited to be a judge of Works of Contemporary Young Artists Exhibition twice. In 2013, he was specially invited by China International Philatelic Information Network jointing with China Post, China Telecom to publish the commemorated and cherished booklet, whose theme was Beautiful China. In 2014, he was invited to be a visiting artist of Mid - Hudson Heritage Center, and during that period, he took part in Queen City Arts•Festival successfully held the solo exhibition, three works was collected by Hudson Art Center, and he was taken in to be a member of Hudson Artists Association; The oil painting Panda - M Love won the international gold prize in World Chinese Selected Arts Exhibition & World Wide Art Los Angeles, and at the same time, he was awarded the honorary title of China-America Culture and Art Exchange Messanger by the organizing committee; In the same year, he held in The Unrealistic Truth - 2014 Pan Deng Solo Art Show in San Jose, California, and he was paid much attention to by the local paper media: The World Daily, Sing Tao Daily, and the network media: Overseas Headlines.
|
|
Finally, pieces of thinner layers or lenses of beachrock underlying the primary bed that was broken up and dropped downward to create the Bimini Road would be trapped beneath the blocks as they also were broken up and dropped by erosion. The trapping of these fragments of beachrock beneath the blocks composing the Bimini Road, as erosion removed loose sediments and dropped them onto the surface of the Pleistocene limestone, would have created the so- called "prop" and "wedge" rocks and blocks alleged to be a "second course" of "masonry". Presuming that the blocks of beachrock forming the Bimini Road originally formed at some unknown depth below sea level and have been dropped by erosion by several metres, dating the age of the Bimini Road by its relation to past sea level would be a useless technique that would produce misleading results. Natural pavements composed of stone blocks, which often are far more rectangular and consistent in size than the blocks composing the Bimini Road, created by orthogonal and other jointing within sedimentary rocks, including beachrock, are quite common and found throughout the world.
|
|
Sheet structures which are flat or curvilinear layers of granite which have separated from the body of the inselberg due to stresses within the overall granite body.RSSA, 1971, pages 123, 125 and 126 The presence of orthogonal jointing within the sheet structures at right angles to the plane of the sheet structures create access for moisture into joints resulting in enlargement of the joints and the ultimate fracture of the sheet into “cubic, quadrangular or rhomboidal blocks” which can become either individual or field of free- standing granite boulders of in height.RSSA, 1971, pages 126-128 Secondly, the action of the sea has resulted in the erosion of the “lower inclined sheet structures” on the west side of the island at sea level resulting in the formation of a steep cliff face when compared to the relatively flat profile of the east side of the island. The eastern side of the island including the coastline of “Anchorage Cove” has layers of an aeolianite limestone up to above the present sea level which suggests that sea level was higher at some time in the past.RSSA, 1971, pages 128-129 The waters around Pearson Island fall to water depths greater than within from the island’s coastline.
|
|
The Pearson Isles were formed about 10,500 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the Holocene.Robinson et al, 1996, Page 11 The four members of the Pearson Isles are the peaks of an inselberg remaining after its gradual concealment by sea level rise. The inselberg is composed of a basement rock granite belonging to a group of rocks associated with an event known as the Hiltaba Suite which is a series of volcanic events occurring about 1,590 million years ago within the area now covered in part by the western Eyre Peninsula, the adjacent interior of the Australian continent and the part of the Great Australian Bight immediately adjoining the western coast of Eyre Peninsula. Landforms on each of the islands are dominated firstly by the granite basement rock and its jointing, and secondly by rock and erosive processes associated with the marine environment. The former class of landforms include “massive curvilinear sheets” on the lower level of the islands and boulders “derived from the breakdown of the sheets” on the upper levels of the islands. The second class of landforms included “remnants of aeolianite-old coastal foredune deposits” associated with a time when the sea level was lowered.
|
|