Brown, Mark Herbert and William Reid Felton. Before Barbed Wire, 1956, p. 219: "A hackamore is the bitless bridle, so to speak, which is put on a wild horse as his first introduction to the bridle" However, both terms are primarily descriptive. The traditional jaquima hackamore is made up of a headstall, bosal and mecate tied into looped reins and a lead rope.
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The bosal-type hackamore, (Spanish: jaquima) is a type of bitless headgear with the most ancient roots.Bennett, p. 123 The hackamore and its modern variants use a noseband of a set diameter, using pressure and release to provide control. It is most closely affiliated with the vaquero tradition of horse training, most commonly seen today in western riding for starting young horses.
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It acts upon the horse's nose and jaw. Though seen in both the "Texas" and the "California" cowboy traditions, it is most closely associated with the "California" style of western riding.Price, Steven D. (ed.) The Whole Horse Catalog: Revised and Updated New York:Fireside 1998 p. 158-159 Sometimes the term bosal is used to describe the entire classic hackamore or jaquima.
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From the Americanized pronunciation of jaquima, the spelling "hackamore" entered the written English language by 1850,Oxford English Dictionary, [hackamore] OED online edition, accessed Feb. 20, 2008 not long after the Mexican–American War. The first hackamore was probably a piece of rope placed around the nose or head of a horse not long after domestication, perhaps as early as 4,000 B.C.R.M. MIller, p. 222 Early devices for controlling the horse may have been adapted from equipment used to control camels.
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The bosal (, or ; ) is the noseband element of the classic jaquima or true hackamore. The bosal is not technically the full name for this type hackamore. Technically bosal describes the nose piece that runs across the top of the hackamore. When a bosal is used the nose piece (wide thick band across the nose) puts pressure on the horse’s nose and the band on the jaw causes irritation which results the horse turning in the direction the rider is guiding it. name="Cook,R".
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The need to cover distances greater than a person on foot could manage gave rise to the development of the horseback-mounted vaquero. Various aspects of the Spanish equestrian tradition can be traced back to Arabic rule in Spain, including Moorish elements such as the use of Oriental- type horses, the jineta riding style characterized by a shorter stirrup, solid-treed saddle and use of spurs, the heavy noseband or hackamore, ( šakīma, Spanish jaquima)The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 24 Feb. 2008. Dictionary.
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18th century soldado de cuera in colonial Mexico Various aspects of the Spanish equestrian tradition can be traced back to Islamic rule in Spain, including Moorish elements such as the use of Oriental-type horses, the la jineta riding style characterized by a shorter stirrup, solid-treed saddle and use of spurs, the heavy noseband or hackamore, (Arabic šakīma, Spanish jaquima) and other horse-related equipment and techniques.Bennett, pp. 54–55 Certain aspects of the Arabic tradition, such as the hackamore, can in turn be traced to roots in ancient Persia. During the 16th century, the Conquistadors and other Spanish settlers brought their cattle-raising traditions as well as both horses and domesticated cattle to the Americas, starting with their arrival in what today is Mexico and Florida.
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