784 Sentences With "intertidal zone" | Random Sentence Generator

In 2009, they decided to reclaim one of their traditions by cultivating oysters on five acres of the intertidal zone.

Many of the octopuses were found in the intertidal zone, the area of the beach where the tide comes in and out.

"We know the intertidal zone, but the deep sea is out of sight, out of mind," said Gary Williams, invertebrate zoology curator at the Academy.

They usually reside in what&aposs known as the intertidal zone, the area of the shore exposed at low tide but submerged when waters are high.

At the edge of another rocky island not far from the haul-out, fat purple sea stars — a constellation of them — sprawled along the intertidal zone, gorging themselves on tiny mussels.

"Strong storms — especially during El Niño years — are perfectly capable of laying siege to the intertidal zone, breaking apart the sediments, and leaving their contents stranded on shore," Parr wrote in Bay Nature.

That's why archaeologist Duncan McLaren, and his colleagues from the Hakai Institute and the University of Victoria, decided to dig around the intertidal zone of a beach on British Columbia's Calvert Island in search of clues.

A writer for Rocko's Modern Life encouraged Hillenburg to turn The Intertidal Zone into a series, which eventually grew into the adventures of SpongeBob, Patrick Star, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Sandy, Gary the Snail, and the rest.

Cultivation: Seed is grown in tumble bags on the northern end of Tomales Bay, near the mouth, then transferred to bags attached to off-bottom racks in the intertidal zone and harvested around one year of age.

Artist Signe Johannessen even staged a cheerful procession from the town square to the local library, where she presented kelp with a medal for heroism (the intertidal zone concealed her great uncle from marauding German soldiers during Norway's occupation in WWII).

"Mangroves are a very important indicator — they can pick up on changes to sea level because the habitat is critically connected to it, being in the intertidal zone," said Norman Duke, a senior research scientist at James Cook University in Australia.

Here's what is known about him and his show: SpongeBob the character can be traced back to Hillenburg's days teaching at the Orange County Marine Society, where he designed a comic book called The Intertidal Zone to introduce kids to different sea creatures.

Perna canaliculus occurs around all of New Zealand's mainland. It is usually found below the intertidal zone, but it can occur in the intertidal zone. P. canaliculus feeds on various types of phytoplankton.

Intertidal zones are the areas that are visible and exposed to air during low tide and covered up by saltwater during high tide. There are four physical divisions of the intertidal zone with each one having its distinct characteristics and wildlife. These divisions are the Spray zone, High intertidal zone, Middle Intertidal zone, and Low intertidal zone. The Spray zone is a damp area that is usually only reached by the ocean and submerged only under high tides or storms.

This marine species occurs off Socorro Island in the intertidal zone.

This marine species occurs in the intertidal zone off Western Australia.

The natural habitat of A. rodecki is the marine intertidal zone.

This species lives high up in the intertidal zone on rocks.

The high intertidal zone is only covered by the highest of the high tides, and spends much of its time as terrestrial habitat. The high intertidal zone borders on the splash zone (the region above the highest still-tide level, but which receives wave splash). On shores exposed to heavy wave action, the intertidal zone will be influenced by waves, as the spray from breaking waves will extend the intertidal zone. Depending on the substratum and topography of the shore, additional features may be noticed.

Hemigrapsus penicillatus lives in the intertidal zone on stony or muddy shores.

It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to about .

This genus lives from the intertidal zone to 80 m in depth.

This species lives in the rocky intertidal zone, sometimes in coral reefs.

The preferred natural habitats of S. sloanii are the intertidal zone and shrubland.

This species was described from the intertidal zone of the Xisha Islands, China.

This species was described from the intertidal zone, Hill Street, San Diego, California.

Species in this genus live from the intertidal zone to 370 m in depth.

Aiteng ater lives "amphibiously" in mangrove forests in the intertidal zone, on the mud.

This species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean in the intertidal zone off India.

19 aquariums display local species of Charente-Maritime coasts and of the intertidal zone.

Dironids live in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, bays and estuaries.

This species was described from the intertidal zone at Goat Island Bay, Leigh, New Zealand.

Along most shores, the intertidal zone can be clearly separated into the following subzones: high tide zone, middle tide zone, and low tide zone. The intertidal zone is one of a number of marine biomes or habitats, including estuary, neritic, surface, and deep zones.

Polycera marplatensis is common in the intertidal zone where it feeds on the Bryozoan Bugula sp..

This limpet lives in the splash zone, higher up in the intertidal zone than Cellana sandwicensis.

This species is known to inhabit the intertidal zone of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles, California.

Found from the intertidal zone to 270 m. Trinchesia caerulea feeds on hydroids of the genus Sertularella.

The eggs, larvae and postlarvae of common dragonets are pelagic while the juveniles prefer the intertidal zone.

Most species are found in the Southern Hemisphere, where they live on algae in the intertidal zone.

Scissurellids occur world-wide, from the intertidal zone down to the abyssal depths, including around hydrothermal vents.

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean in the subtidal and intertidal zone off the Galapagos Islands.

Species within this genus live in the tropical intertidal zone, in muddy areas such as under mangrove trees.

This nudibranch was collected at a number of sites on a cream coloured sponge in the intertidal zone.

The sanctuary's habitat consists of dry heath, gravel ridge, intertidal zone, moss carpet, scrub willow, and sedge meadow.

Pseudoalteromonas ulvae is a marine bacterium isolated from the alga Ulva lactuca at the intertidal zone near Sydney.

Volume 1 Part 3b. The Natural History Museum, London. It grows in the intertidal zone, typically between the upper intertidal zone and the splash zone in cold waters of temperate oceans. In East Asia, it is used to produce the sea vegetable products nori (in Japan) and gim (in Korea).

It can be found on rocks and corals in low intertidal zone and sublittoral to depths of about 30 m.

This species is found in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, but also in bays and estuaries.

This species lives buried in the sand, in the intertidal zone and to a depth of up to 250 m.

This grass forms dense carpets or meadows on the substrate, sometimes mixing with other seagrasses and algaes. It occupies the lower intertidal zone, and it is less tolerant of exposure to air than are plants of the upper intertidal zone such as Thalassia hemprichii. It desiccates quickly. It is also sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

This small snail is endemic to southern and southwestern Australia, including Tasmania. It lives in the intertidal zone, on mud flats.

Euidotea durvillei is found on red seaweeds in the low to shallow subtidal regions of the intertidal zone of rocky shores.

Other habitats include mangrove roots, rocks, pieces of shell, seagrass meadows and coral reefs on flats in the lower intertidal zone.

2016 Geng, X., M. C. Boufadel and N. Jackson (2016). "Evidence of salt accumulation in beach intertidal zone due to evaporation." Scientific Report 6(31486; doi: 10.1038/srep31486): 1-5.). The TMARUN model was used to explain the presence of high salinity (100 g/L more than 3 times that of seawater) in the intertidal zone of beaches.

The normal tide pool is separated into two main zones. The Intertidal zone and the Subtidal zone. The Intertidal zone is only covered with sea water during high tide, while the Subtidal zone is closer to the ocean and is covered during low tide. The distinctive separation of organisms into bands along the shoreline is called Zonation.

This species was described from two specimens collected in the intertidal zone at Jesser Point, Sodwana Bay National Park, Natal, South Africa.

This snail lives on or under rocks and coral in the lower intertidal zone. But it tolerates a wide variety of substrata.

These species are very common among the Japanese gastropod fauna on rocks and boulders in the intertidal zone of Japanese waters and adjacent islands.

Aquarium of the Pacific. Long Beach, California. They are found from the intertidal zone to water more than deep, but are most common between .

It grows in the low intertidal zone and to depths of about and can be abundant in lagoon-like areas on the lower shore.

A specimen tentatively identified as A. derijardi was collected in the Seychelles. They are found in the intertidal zone up to a depth of .

This marine species occurs on corals in the intertidal zone of the East China Sea, off the Philippines, Japan, New Caledonia and Queensland, Australia.

Megabalanus is a genus of barnacles in the family Balanidae. Members of the genus grow to in length and inhabit the lower intertidal zone.

They live on rocky shores in the intertidal zone or in shallow water, where they prey on other molluscs by drilling through their shells.

Bunodosoma californicum lives on rocky bottoms from the intertidal zone to the subtidal. It can be found from the Gulf of California to Panama.

It is common in all habitats within the El Muerto Island: rocks and rubble of talus slopes, scrub, hill ridges, and the intertidal zone.

The spiral whorls can differ between narrow and robust. They inhabit a wide range of ocean habitats, from the intertidal zone to mid-bathyal depths.

The Intertidal Zone was used as a title for Stephen Hillenburg's old comic strip. The comic strip starred "Bob The Sponge", who became SpongeBob SquarePants.

This species was described from the island of Sal, Cape Verde. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

Endemic to New Zealand. Frequent from the low intertidal zone to 30m deep around the two main islands, Stewart Island, and the Chatham and Kermadec Islands.

O. gracilis live in the intertidal zone up to 436 meters deep. They can be found in the Bering Sea, the North Pacific Coast and Japan.

Most records of Hallaxa chani are from the intertidal zone, but Millen (1983 and 1989) found it subtidally at unspecified depths in British Columbia and Alaska.

This brittle star lives in the intertidal zone in shallow water, and can be found under large stones, shells, and around sessile invertebrates such as bryozoans.

The intertidal zone around the Vernon Islands is described in one source as “an important coral reef locality” and as a site for turtles and dugongs.

This species has been found in Marin, Sonoma, and San Mateo Counties, California. It inhabits the intertidal zone where it clings to the underside of rocks.

This marine species occurs along Queensland and northern Tasmania from the intertidal zone to depths up to 100 m, but most commonly in the subtidal zone.

The burrowing activities of Sphaeroma terebrans hinder the growth of mangroves, and its wood boring activities limits mangroves to the upper limits of the intertidal zone.

This species was described from the island of Sal, Cape Verde Islands. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

This species was described from the Parda reef, Sal island, Cape Verde. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

The species can be found in the intertidal zone in sheltered to open coastal sites, in shallow water, tide pools, and also on rock pools and sand.

Sydney rock oysters are capable of tolerating a wide range of salinities (halotolerant). They are usually found in the intertidal zone to below the low-water mark.

The olive rockfish, Acanthoclinus fuscus, is a longfin of the family Plesiopidae. Found only in New Zealand's intertidal zone and in rock pools at low tide, the fish grow to a length of up to . They are permanent inhabitants of the intertidal zone, which demonstrate homing behaviour, and are found in pools among rocks or boulders. If the conditions in these pools become unsuitable they may leave the pools.

The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments, the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. The littoral zone always includes this intertidal zone, and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the meaning of littoral zone can extend well beyond the intertidal zone.

Individuals from the intertidal zone tend to be larger than those from deeper water, which may be related to the greater churning of the sediment by the tide.

The principal plant species is Avicennia marina (Grey or white mangrove) which has colonized the coastline of Garden Island within the intertidal zone, particularly the island’s east end.

Pulau Ketam ("Crab Island", ) is an island located off the coast of Port Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The island is in the intertidal zone and the chief vegetation is mangrove.

This species is widespread along the coast of Mexico including the Baja California peninsula, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Peru. It lives under rocks below the intertidal zone in coastal waters.

Anurida maritima (seashore springtail) is a cosmopolitan collembolan of the intertidal zone. It is often found in aggregations of up to several hundred on the surface of rock-pools.

Cahiers de Biologie Marine 57:35-42. It has been found from the intertidal zone to depths of at least 20 m.Ballesteros, M, Madrenas, E., Pontes, M., et al.

Earthquake uplift at coastal sites resulted in large-scale die offs of intertidal organisms such as Durvillaea kelp Uplift measured in the intertidal zone at Kaikōura Uplift along the coast at Kaikōura (up to 6 metres) exposed the intertidal zone, which resulted in a large-scale die off of many organisms including Durvillaea bull kelp. The loss of Durvillaea kelp caused ecological disturbance, significantly affecting the biodiversity of the local intertidal community.

Cockles live in harbours and estuaries in New Zealand. They live in the subtidal to intertidal zone, and when they are in the intertidal zone they live between the low tide mark and the mid tide mark. Cockles are unable to survive above the mid tide mark because of the increased exposure time. Cockles prefer to live in soft mud and fine sand, however they can be suffocated by extremely fine sand.

This air-breathing sea slug lives in the intertidal zone on rocky shorelines. It is exposed on rocky shores at low tides and retreats to crevices when the tide rises.

Longiflagrum amphibium is an estuarine species of crustacean in the order Tanaidacea. It is known only from the type locality, which is the intertidal zone at Port Hedland, Northwestern Australia.

This sponge lives from the intertidal zone and down to at least 18m underwater.Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008.

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs in the subtidal and in the intertidal zone on seaweed off New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia.

The distribution of Enoplochiton niger ranges along the Pacific coast of South America from Coquimbo in Chile to Talara in Peru. It inhabits the intertidal zone, and it is omnivorous.

They feed on megapode eggs and on fish, often emerging from the bush. In the intertidal zone at low tide, it is possible that they would search for dead fish.

Goose barnacles (order Pedunculata), also called stalked barnacles or gooseneck barnacles, are filter-feeding crustaceans that live attached to hard surfaces of rocks and flotsam in the ocean intertidal zone.

Mainly distributed in the North Pacific region, such as: South Korea, Taiwan, Mainland China, Japan especially in central Honshu. Can be seen on rocks in intertidal zone and neritic zone.

Euretaster insignis is native to the tropical western central Pacific Ocean from the intertidal zone down to about . It is found on coral reefs, rocky coasts, sand and muddy rubble.

This species was described from specimens collected in the intertidal zone at Deadman's Island, San Pedro, California. It has also been reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Japan.

It is also commonly encountered in the intertidal zone and tidal pools, and has been sighted near seagrass beds. Every summer, considerable numbers of bluespotted ribbontail rays arrive off South Africa.

Leptasterias pusilla may be quite numerous in the middle intertidal zone of rocky shores, typically moving around on the top of rocks at night after hiding under them during the day.

This species was described from the Hawaiian Islands. It is a fairly common species in the intertidal zone and shallow water.Pittman, C. & Fiene, P. (2016). Atagema scabriuscula Sea slugs of Hawaii.

Mussels completely covering rocks in intertidal zone, in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China Marine mussels are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones. Certain species of marine mussels prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave- washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents.

Oulactis muscosa normally lives in rocky areas of the mid to low intertidal zone, in sand which has settled into cracks and crevices. Usually, only the oral disc and tentacles are visible.

This cold-water species is circum-arctic and can be found in the intertidal zone along Japan, Alaska, the arctic zone of Canada, in European waters (Spitzbergen), in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Glyptonotus antarcticus is native to the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, where it occurs in large numbers. It lives on the seabed at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to more than .

The species is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, at depths from the lower intertidal zone down to about . It is found on both shelly and muddy bottoms.

This species is common on rocks, shells, and pilings in protected bays, but it also lives in sheltered places on the open coast, occurring from the low intertidal zone to subtidal waters.

This species lives high up in the intertidal zone, on rocks. N. plicata has ridges on its shell that helps it stay cool when exposed at low tide by radiating heat away.

Epiactis thompsoni, the red-striped anemone, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Actiniidae, found in New Zealand and South Australia. They are commonly found in the rocky intertidal zone.

Pagurus sinuatus is found in the intertidal zone along the coasts of the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia, and in the Kermadec Islands (New Zealand).

They are separated by about of headland. The important bird area includes the intertidal zone and extends inland to take in other coastal features such as wetlands, including mangroves and playa lakes.

The Forest of Fontainebleau in the western end of which Milly-la-Forêt lies, is composed of the Oligocene Fontainebleau sands, which are a marine deposit, laid down in an intertidal zone.

California mussels are found clustered together, often in very large aggregations, on rocks in the upper intertidal zone on the open coast, where they are exposed to the strong action of the surf.

Three families are known with several genera and about twenty species. They are found worldwide from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean, all but one species being benthic (living on the seabed).

These slugs inhabit the upper intertidal zone on gravel substrate in New Zealand and Australia. The development of the veliger is completed in the egg (they do not have a trochophore larval stage).

Pagurus hirsutiusculus is a species of hermit crab, commonly called the hairy hermit crab. It lives from the Bering Strait south to California and Japan, from the intertidal zone to a depth of .

However, since Durvillaea holdfasts often grow at the uppermost limit of the intertidal zone, these uplift estimates are slightly less accurate compared to measures derived from other intertidal kelp such as Carpophyllum maschalocarpum.

Species of this family occur in tropical and temperate seas from the intertidal zone to depths of 100 m (330 ft), buried in the sand during the day and becoming active at night.

The shield limpet is found in the intertidal zone on rocks and kelp holdfast from Alaska to Baja California.Eogastropoda: Rocky Shore Limpets The largest specimens occur in the northern part of the range.

Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-11-12 It is native to northwestern Europe where it occurs in the intertidal zone. It is a predator and feeds on sea anemones.

Tide pools at Pillar Point showing zonation on the edge of the rock ledge Washington, western United States. Marine biologists divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based on the overall average exposure of the zone. The low intertidal zone, which borders on the shallow subtidal zone, is only exposed to air at the lowest of low tides and is primarily marine in character. The mid intertidal zone is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides.

Gustav Milne is a British Archaeologist, writer and TV contributor who is the current project lead for Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the UCL Institute of Archaeology.

The intertidal zone, the coastal area affected by the tides is about 200 km2 wide. During the highest tide, a tidal bore can be observedless so since the bay has been under restoration work.

This is a fairly common species which is present in Mexico, Panama, the United States, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras and Nicaragua. It lives on mud flats and below the intertidal zone to depths of .

They settle in the rocky intertidal zone and undergo metamorphosis, living in cracks in the rocks as juveniles before migrating to the neritic zone where they mostly feed on drift algae and fronds of kelp.

Aquimarina agarivorans is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod- shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii from the intertidal zone from Weihai in China.

This species is found mostly in the intertidal zone on the red sponge, Ophlitaspongia aceratoobtusa (family Microcionidae) on which it presumably feeds. Most other species of Rostanga also feed on sponges of the family Microcionidae.

Libinia ferreirae is found off the Atlantic coast of South America in the intertidal zone and at depths down to about . The range extends from Venezuela and the Guianas, through parts of Brazil to Uruguay.

This, although morphologically very similar, has been shown to be a separate species by examination of molecular data. In Australia, Cryptasterina pentagona can be found on the shore of the upper intertidal zone under rocks.

Especially small individuals of this species that live in the intertidal zone are predated upon by rock lobsters. Larger individuals largely escape this predator by migrating to deeper waters, where they find a size refuge .

Semibalanus balanoides is a common and widespread boreo-arctic species of acorn barnacle. It is common on rocks and other substrates in the intertidal zone of north-western Europe and both coasts of North America.

Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network, known by its abbreviation CITiZAN, is a community archaeology project working in areas of England's coastline documenting coastal and intertidal history before it is washed away by tidal forces.

The Darwin's mudskipper is a brackish to freshwater fish. It is found in the intertidal zone, in tidal creeks, and in inlets along mud banks. They are always near mangrove trees. They often group together.

P. palmata is to be found growing from mid-tide of the intertidal zone (the area between the high tide and low tide) to depths of 20 m or more in sheltered and exposed shores.

Species in the genus Diodora feed on sponges from the undersides of rocks and boulders. Diodora ruppellii is normally found in the intertidal zone on rocky shores but has been dredged up from gravel substrates.

These are amphibious slugs living in the intertidal zone. They are found on mud or on Vaucheria algae. They are found in higher density on Vaucheria when the algae is above the sea water level.

Laminaria sinclairii Laminaria sinclairii is a species of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae), in the family Laminariaceae. It is native to the lower intertidal zone of the northeastern Pacific Ocean from British Columbia southwards to California.

112 pp., 88 pls. and are endemic to these areas. Cone snails are found in all tropical and subtropical seas, from the intertidal zone to deeper areas, living on sand or among rocks or coral reefs.

This species lives in the northeastern Atlantic, from Norway to the Mediterranean Sea as well as all around the South African coast. It is found from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 5 m.

Hippa adactyla is a species of small, sand-burrowing decapod crustacean found living along the coasts of Indo-West Pacific waters. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone.

This species can be found on the mid to low intertidal zone of coasts on the southern North Island, the South Island and Stewart Island in New Zealand as well as on the coasts of Australia.

The State Of New Jersey. Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle, Cicindela d. dorsalis Mating takes place between mid-July and early August when the weather is warm and humid. Females lay their eggs in the intertidal zone.

O. deplanatus is found under boulders and among stones in the lower to mid tidal regions of the intertidal zone on sheltered rocky and gravel shores. It is distributed sparsely, with one individual per 5 m2.

Sternaspidae, commonly known as mud owls, are a family of marine polychaete worms with short swollen bodies. They have a global distribution and live buried in soft sediment at depths varying from the intertidal zone to .

Phyllospadix japonicus, known as Asian surfgrass, is a plant species found along the seacoasts of Japan, Korea, China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong). It occurs in the intertidal zone along the shore.Makino, Tomitarô. 1897. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 11: 137.

Aplidium californicum is common on the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to Baja California, Mexico and the Galapagos Islands. It is found in the intertidal zone and at depths down to 85 metres.

This sea snail lives on sandy and muddy bottoms, from the intertidal zone to depths between 2 and 10 m. The minimum recorded depth for this species is 0 m; the maximum recorded depth is 55 m.

Jorunna alisonae is a common species usually found in the intertidal zone or shallow depths at protected to moderately exposed rocky sites. It feeds on the violet-brown sponge Haliclona permollis.Pittman, C. & Fiene, P., 2015. Jorunna alisonae.

Paracerceis edithae is a species of marine isopod. It lives below the intertidal zone in the Caribbean Sea. It was first classified in 1930 after being found in Haiti but was rediscovered in 1972 in Puerto Rico.

It was believed to be formed in the intertidal zone by saltwater spray and evaporation, but an algal contribution has recently been suggested (Montanari and others (2007)), following an overlooked earlier proposal by E. Onorato in 1926.

Zosimus aeneus is found across a large part of the Indo-Pacific, from South Africa to the Red Sea, and as far east as Japan, Australia and Hawaii. It lives on reef flats in the intertidal zone.

Halichondria panicea, commonly known as the breadcrumb sponge, is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Halichondriidae. This is an abundant sponge of coastal areas of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea ranging from the intertidal zone to a recorded depth of over 550 m. It is also found in the intertidal zone of the coast of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It is very tolerant of a wide range of coastal habitats, including strong currents, high salinity and exposure to powerful wave action.

Oyster reef at about mid-tide off fishing pier at Hunting Island State Park, South Carolina A group of oysters is commonly called a bed or oyster reef. Rocks in intertidal zone covered by oysters, at Bangchuidao Scenic Area, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China As a keystone species, oysters provide habitat for many marine species. Crassostrea and Saccostrea live mainly in the intertidal zone, while Ostrea is subtidal. The hard surfaces of oyster shells and the nooks between the shells provide places where a host of small animals can live.

In the coastal waters there are three main vertical zones: Supralittoral zone, Intertidal zone and subtidal. The supralittoral, or splash zone, covers the area above the high tide mark; in the reserve this is mainly a region for algae, small crustaceans, and some beetles. The intertidal zone in the reserve is affected by warm temperatures in the summer, but scraped by ice and storms in the winter so that living creatures must cling in cracks and sheltered areas. The subtidal zone in the reserve, down to 200 meters, is the most biologically rich marine zone.

It has so far been found only on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. It appears to be endemic to this area, and lives from the intertidal zone down to about 5m under water.

This hermit crab is native to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, its range including southern Florida and the West Indies. It occurs on coral reefs at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to about .

Moon snails live on sandy substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters in depth). They are often seen ploughing along in the sand searching for prey.

An intertidal wetland is an area along a shoreline that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide. This type of wetland is defined by an intertidal zone and includes its own intertidal ecosystems.

Gascoignella aprica was found grazing on matted green algae Chaetomorpha sp. in the intertidal zone. The sea slugs were resistant to desiccation on the wet algae but soon dried up when exposed to the sun in the open.

Lottia asmi, commonly known as the black limpet, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae. It is found in shallow water in the eastern Pacific Ocean, usually in the intertidal zone.

This species inhabits the upper parts of the intertidal zone on rock substrata on open coasts. It has fine finger like lobes and in winter is a grey colour. In summer however it bleaches to a golden colour.

G. lichtensteini occurs from the coast of southern Namibia at Lüderitz to the Transkei in South Africa. It inhabits the intertidal zone, where it may be found under boulders. It has also been reported from seamounts and knolls.

Megatrema anglicum is a species of acorn barnacle that grows in association with or semi-parasitically on corals and octocorals. It is found in the intertidal zone on the coasts of northwestern Europe and in the Mediterranean Sea.

The intertidal zone supports sandhoppers, mole and ghost crabs, plough snails, sand mussels and the African oystercatchers, Kelp gulls, Sanderlings and White-fronted plovers that feed on them. Offshore, zooplankton and a variety of fish can be found.

Aequorivita viscosa is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, aerobic and non- spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from seaweed from the intertidal zone from the East China Sea near Zhoushan in China.

This species was described from the intertidal zone, Ilha de Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil. It has subsequently been reported from Florida and Bonaire.Rudman, W.B., 2007 (May 8) Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Dominguez, Garcia & Troncoso, 2006. [In] Sea Slug Forum.

The intertidal zone in the park Dionisio Point Provincial Park is a provincial park in the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the northwestern tip of Galiano Island, across Porlier Pass from Valdes Island.

This snail is plentiful in the intertidal zone and sublittoral zone on rocks and among seaweed around the coasts of Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand, Kermadec islands and Lord Howe Island.

This limpet lives lower in the intertidal zone than Cellana exarata, the black-foot ʻopihi. They are found, strongly attached, sometimes with considerable force, with their foot to rocks or other hard substrates. They feed by grazing on algae.

Its habitat is the intertidal zone under rocks and protected places from the low-tide line to about 400 m deep.Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North America Seashore Creatures. New York: Chanticleer Press, Inc.

Chondrus crispus is found growing on rock from the middle intertidal zone into the subtidal zone,Morton, O. 1994. Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum all the way to the ocean floor. It is able to survive with minimal sunlight.

All five Longiflagrum species occur in shallow coastal habitats such as the intertidal zone, eelgrass beds and estuaries where the salinity fluctuates over the range 5–34 psu, and they are a frequent and abundant element of the soft-bottom ecosystem.

This species is widely distributed throughout the tropical waters of the Indo- West Pacific. It is usually found among rubble of dead coral in lagoons, or top of the external reef slopes, from the intertidal zone to 25 m depth.

Species of this family can be found worldwide, but the major part occurs in the Indo-Pacific Region. Most species live between the intertidal zone and offshore to a depth between 200 m to 500 mm (exceptionally below 1,000 m).

E. australis is commonly found among stones and under rocks in the lower and sub tidal region of the intertidal zone where it can reach depths of up to 80 m. It is often found in rock pools with coralline turf.

Pacific razor clams can be found along the Pacific West Coast of North America from the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Pismo Beach, California. They inhabit sandy beaches in the intertidal zone down to a maximum water depth of about .

The mangrove jingle shell is a filter feeder. Like bivalves living in the intertidal zone on sandy beaches, this species feeds while the tide is in and it is submerged; otherwise it gathers food particles from splashes of sea water.

Muracypraea mus lives in tropical shallow water, generally in the low intertidal zone on seagrass beds, but also at greater depths, usually feeding on algae and sponges (omnivore-grazer). Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 20 m.

Version February 2017. It burrows no more than about 10 centimeters into the substrate. It sometimes lives in eelgrass beds. This species lives in many types of habitat, being found in the intertidal zone, brackish waters, estuaries, and under ice.

Primarily a carnivore, found in marine waters and intertidal zone by juveniles. Inhabits sandy to muddy substrates. It is a harmless crab, but being pinched by its claws can be painful. Commercially harvested as an edible crab species in many countries.

S. spinulosa is found round the coasts of the British Isles, in the sublittoral zone and occasionally in the intertidal zone. It is also found in other regions of the north east Atlantic Ocean south to Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea.

Laminaria sinclairii is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Vancouver Island in British Columbia, southwards to Ventura County, California. It occurs on rocky substrates, sometimes partially covered in sand, in the lower part of the intertidal zone.

Most Pemphis live either at the verges of mangrove forests, well away from the forest-ocean interface; or they colonize beaches behind the intertidal zone, taking hold on rocks, gravel or sand, laterite or limestone, and frequently on promontories or crags.

Microatolls are found only in corals that grow in the lower intertidal zone on shallow reef flats. Microatolls are formed by several species of the genus Porites, but examples have also been described from Acropora, Heliopora, Favia, Favites, Platygyra, Cyphastrea and Goniastrea.

The range of the creek whaler is restricted to northern Australia, between Gladstone in central Queensland and Cape Cuvier in Western Australia. It is a common species that inhabits estuaries and inshore waters from the intertidal zone to a depth of at least .

This species can be found on the eastern and southern coasts of South Africa. Its range extends from Richards Bay round Cape Province to the Cape of Good Hope. It is found in the mid-to-lower intertidal zone on rocky surfaces.

These giant snails live on sandy bottoms in the intertidal zone and the sublittoral down to about 30 m.Carpenter K. E. & Niem V. H. (eds.) (1998). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.

Marine botany is the study of aquatic plants and algae that live in seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, and in brackish water of estuaries. It is a branch of marine biology and botany.

They are found from Kenya to South Africa in a variety of habitats. Only arid regions seem to be avoided. They are found in gardens, fynbos, grassland, savanna and various types of woodland, from the intertidal zone at sea level to middle altitudes.

Ribbed mussels live in the intertidal zone, attached to hard surfaces or embedded in sediment with the help of their byssal threads. They are typically found in salt marshes where they form dense aggregations with the marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and each other.

The sleepy goby occurs in the intertidal zone in estuaries, lagoons and coastal rivers, often amongst mangroves where it burrowing into the silty-sand substrate, it may also be found in the lower reaches of freshwater streams. It buries itself in the sand.

Kondo, M., et al. (2012). Spawning habitat and early development of Luciogobius ryukyuensis (Gobiidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 95(2), 291-300. Most of the species studied spawn in the intertidal zone, but one species has been observed spawning in freshwater rivers.

Nearshore fish, sometimes called littoral fish, live close to the shore. They are associated with the intertidal zone, or with estuaries, lagoons, coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, or rocky or sandy bottoms, usually in shallow waters less than about 10 m deep.

These snails are found from Baja California Sur to Peru, including the Gulf of California. This species is also found in the Galapagos Islands. They live in the intertidal zone, down to 3 meters (10 feet) deep, on sand and mud flats.

Minimum recorded depth is -0.3 m. Maximum recorded depth is 0.3 m. This small snail is commonly found in the intertidal zone of mangroves amongst the roots and branches. It is similar in appearance to Melampus bidentatus and the two are often confused.

It frequents ports and harbours, the coast, inshore islands and the intertidal zone. It seldom moves inland or visits freshwater locations. It is nomadic or partially migratory and many populations move southwards after breeding, though Red Sea populations seem to be relatively sedentary.

Distribution map of Monetaria caputserpentis This species occurs in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, tropical Indo-West Pacific, Australia and the Philippines. This sea snail lives on corals, rock reefs and rocky shores from the intertidal zone down to depths of 200 m.

The species was described from England. It was also recorded from the North Atlantic Ocean, off Ireland, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a shallow water species and occurs in the intertidal zone, under boulders and in rock pools.

The giant goby inhabits rock pools high up in the intertidal zone of sheltered shores. Occupied pools typically contain boulders under which the giant goby can take shelter, and have inputs of freshwater, so the water in the pools is usually brackish.

Beachrock presence can also induce sediment deficiency in a beach and out-synch its wave regime. Because beachrock is lithified within the intertidal zone and because it commonly forms in a few years, its potential as an indicator of past sea level is important.

The holotype of this species was collected in the intertidal zone at Umgazana, south of Port St. Johns, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Additional specimens were collected at localities on the coast of South Africa from Umgazana to Jesser Point, Sodwana Bay National Park, Natal.

The island and surrounding intertidal zone constitutes the Lipson Island Conservation Park which was proclaimed in 1967. The island is an important rookery for roosting sea birds, including a colony of little blue penguin. Lipson Island also bears the alternative French name of Ile d'Alembert.

P. elongatus is native to all areas of New Zealand but has also been introduced to Tasmania and Victoria, Australia. In New Zealand it habits mussel beds, wharf pilings, estuaries, and the intertidal zone on rocky shores, where it is abundant beneath boulders and stones.

The black sea cucumber occurs around the Atlantic coasts of northwest Europe, the Canary Islands, the Azores and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is found on boulders and rocks, particularly vertical surfaces, from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about fifty metres.

Aepus marinus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in the intertidal zone of marine habitats in northwestern Europe where it lives in crevices and under stones. The adult beetle is about in length, and is a reddish-yellow colour.

Bodotria scorpioides Cumaceans are mainly marine crustaceans. However, some species can survive in water with a lower salinity, like brackish water (e.g. estuaries). In the Caspian Sea they even reach some rivers that flow into it. A few species live in the intertidal zone.

Like other ghost crabs, one of their claws is much larger than the other. Their eyestalks are large and elongated, tipped with prolongations at the tip known as styles. They are common inhabitants of open sandy beaches, living in burrows in the intertidal zone.

Crepidula convexa can be found along the East coast of North America. Geographically they can be found in the Low intertidal zone (5 to 10 meters) and to roughly about 200 meters down into the shallow subtidal zone. Predominantly on rocks, shells and sea grass.

Chamaesipho tasmanica is found on rocks in high intertidal zone in exposed areas. It will not settle on other substrates, and will not colonize sheltered areas. C. tasmanica is subject to whelk predation, so will avoid seaweed covered locations which give shelter to whelks.

Sicyases sanguineus is a species of amphibious marine clingfish in the family Gobiesocidae. It lives in the Southeast Pacific along the entire coast of Chile and southern Peru. Locally, it is known as ' (literally, frog-fish). It inhabits shallow waters, including the intertidal zone.

This species breathes air and thus it is found intertidally on rocky shores in such places as caves and rocky overhangs. Otina ovata lives in intertidal zone on rocks, algae and balanoids. It is often found in empty bivalve shells and moist rock crevices.

"Long Island Sound: An Atlas of Natural Resources", booklet"Prepared under the supervision of the Coastal Area Management Program" of the "Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection", November 1977, "5. Vegetation" section, pp 17-21 In the rocky areas of the intertidal zone there are the seaweeds, which are characterized by their brown tone, Fucus and Ascophyllum, some species of which have air bladders that allow them to float and receive direct sunlight even at high tide. Also present are Ectocarpus and red algas Polysiphonia, Neosiphonia, Porphyra and Chondrus (Irish moss). In the marshy areas of the intertidal zone can be found Cladophora (mermaid's hair), Ulva (sea lettuce) and Codium.

The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine reptile that has the ability to forage in the sea for algae, which makes up almost all of its diet. Large males are able to dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone. They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they bask after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove and beaches.

He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote The Intertidal Zone, an informative picture book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students. In 1989, two years after leaving teaching, Hillenburg enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts to pursue a career in animation. He was later offered a job on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rocko's Modern Life (19931996) after his success with The Green Beret and Wormholes (both 1992), short films that he made while studying animation. In 1994, Hillenburg began developing The Intertidal Zone characters and concepts for what became SpongeBob SquarePants.

The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore or seashore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as seastars, sea urchins, and many species of coral. Sometimes it is referred to as the littoral zone, although that can be defined as a wider region. Bancao Beach in the Philippines at low tide, showing the intertidal zone about 200 m from the beach The well-known area also includes steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, or wetlands (e.g.

Found on rocky coasts, usually under the larger boulders encrusted in sessile animals such as bryozoans, small barnacles and ascidians. N. violacea preys on these and is assumed to be mainly carnivorous in its diet. Ranges from the mid-intertidal zone down to around 15 metres deep.

Common aquatic vegetation includes grasses like spartina grass and phragmites in most high marsh areas and brown and green seaweed in the intertidal zone. Other vegetation that makes its home along the river include shrubs like rosa rugosa, various trees like the willow, oak and beech.

In South Africa the warty dorid feeds on the crumb-of-bread sponge, Hymeniacidon cf. perlevis, which it closely resembles in colour. Its egg mass is a tall upright collar of several complete whorls. It has been recorded from the intertidal zone to 14 m depth.

Longiflagrum amphibium can be distinguished from the other four species of the genus Longiflagrum by having the shortest flagellum in the antennule and by its oval pleopod basis. The specific name ' is from the Latin for "amphibious". The name reflects the species' presence in the intertidal zone.

Glycymeris yessoensis is native to the north central Pacific Ocean where it occurs in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan, its range extending as far north as the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is found burrowing in sand at depths ranging between the intertidal zone and .

Heliaster kubiniji is a species of starfish in the order Forcipulatida. It is commonly known as the gulf sun star, the common sun star or estrella de mar de golfo and it occurs in the intertidal zone of the Pacific coast of California, Mexico and Nicaragua.

A male that tends to his nest can become stranded as the tide recedes, even becoming beached completely out of the water. The fish tolerates this well.Craig, P. M., et al. (2013). Coping with aquatic hypoxia: How the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) tolerates the intertidal zone.

Pisaster ochraceus, generally known as the purple sea star, ochre sea star, or ochre starfish, is a common starfish found among the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Identified as a keystone species, P. ochraceus is considered an important indicator for the health of the intertidal zone.

Paratrophon quoyi are found in waters off New South Wales in Australia and the North Island in New Zealand. They live on rocks in the intertidal zone. They feed on algae during high tide. During low tide, they shut themselves up tight to prevent water loss.

This species lives under rocks and in tidepools from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 20 m in the circalittoral zone. It eats several species of spiculate sponges and also sponges from the order Dendroceratida. It is preyed upon by seastars, such as Solaster dawsoni.

The "fingers" are branches up to a centimeter wide and sometimes over 30 centimeters long. Codium fragile occurs in the low intertidal zone, and subtidal on high-energy beaches. It has no asexual (sporophyte) stage, and male and female gametes are both produced on separate plants.

Cellana nigrolineata is a species of sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets. This species of limpet lives on rocky shore in the intertidal zone. It occurs mainly along the northwestern coasts of the Pacific Ocean.

In 2015 MOLA became the host for the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network, known by its abbreviation CITiZAN, a community archaeology project working in areas of England's coastline documenting coastal and intertidal history before it is washed away by tidal forces led by Gustav Milne.

Key habitats protected within the SMCA include kelp forests, rocky intertidal zone, reef and sandy bottom, pinnacles and offshore rocks. The area is home to various wildlife including sea otters, sea lions, harbor seals and birds.Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans".

This endemic species occurs in the sea along Southern Australia. These beautiful cowries live from the intertidal zone to the deep reef, but they prefer shallow waters, near the intertidal rocky seabed. At dawn or dusk they start to prey on sponges, foraminifera, algae and small crustaceans.

Labidiaster annulatus is found around the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The depth range is from the intertidal zone down to but this starfish most commonly occurs between . It lives on the seabed and is found on sand, mud and gravel and among rocks.

One of the campaign points was to protect the significant 'dinosaur highway' of dinosaur tracks that are found in the intertidal zone outside Broome. The campaign has since remained a divisive topic amongst locals, with many blaming the 'no' decision for the slow economic growth that characterises the region.

Emerita analoga, the Pacific sand crab or Pacific mole crab, is a species of small, sand-burrowing decapod crustacean found living in the sand along the temperate western coasts of North and South America. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone.

This hydroid is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Vancouver Island to Monterey Bay, California. It occurs in the low intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone. It grows on and under rocks and boulders, and on the mollusc shells occupied by hermit crabs.

The research catamaran Mya is specially designed for research in the intertidal zone, it can fall dry at low tide. The main research area is the Wadden Sea. Last but not least, there are two small motor boats, Aade and Diker for sampling and diving operations around Heligoland.

Davidson, R. (1987). Natural food and predatory activity of the paddle crab, Ovalipes catharus: A flexible forager. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Canterbury. pp. 2–15. With all of these tools at its disposal, the paddle crab is one of the more dominant predators of the intertidal zone.

The last one occurred in 1869 and took away several hundred metres of the Naze. The rocks of Filey Brigg as well as the intertidal zone attract numerous species of birds, such as oystercatchers, redshanks and purple sandpipers, which visit the shoreline in nationally significant numbers during the winter.

Harvests reached 3.5 million pounds (1.6 million kilograms) at its peak. Populations began to decline in the late 1950s. When the 1964 Good Friday earthquake struck the clam beds were uplifted around exposing them out of the intertidal zone. This led to moderate mortality and eventually the industry crashed.

Barbatia reeveana is found on rocky bottoms from the intertidal zone to 100 meters (330 feet) deep. It may be found from in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California Sur, Mexico to Peru and west to the Galapagos islands, as well as in the Gulf of California.

Key habitats protected within the SMCA include steelhead streams, kelp forest, rocky intertidal zone, sandy and cobble beach, reef and sandy bottom, pinnacles and offshore rocks. The area is home to various wildlife including sea otters and birds.Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans".

A study on tidal flats in Deception Bay in Queensland found juvenile crabs ( carapace width) were resident in the mangrove zone, remaining there during low tide, while subadults () migrated into the intertidal zone to feed at high tide and retreated to subtidal waters at low tide. Adults ( and larger) were caught mainly below the low tide mark, with small numbers captured in the intertidal zone at high tide. These crabs are highly cannibalistic in nature; when crabs undergo molting, other hard-shelled ones sometimes attack the molting crabs and devour them. The females can give birth to a million offspring which can grow up to in size and have a shell width of up to wide.

This land was an intertidal zone used by the Muslims to beach their galleys. After the Siege of Gibraltar in 1309, Ferdinand IV of Castile gave orders that a galley house be built where his ships could be repaired. This house gradually sank into the sand over the next few centuries.

Spar Island is a small sandbar in Mount Hope Bay in eastern Rhode Island. The island is more or less a sand bar, and is made up entirely of an intertidal zone. A small portion is visible at high tide, expanding by about 4 times that size at low tide.

Actinia tenebrosa, commonly named Waratah anemone, is the most common species of sea anemone found in the waters of eastern Australia, and New Zealand. It is found relatively high on the seashore, in rock pools, and various cracks and shaded surfaces such as under rock overhangs in the intertidal zone.

The slender mudskipper (Periophthalmus gracilis) is a species of mudskippers native to marine and brackish waters of the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean where it is an inhabitant of the intertidal zone, capable of spending time out of water. This species can reach a length of SL.

The Bean clam is found from Pismo Beach, California, to Arroyo del Conejo, Baja California Sur. It inhabits exposed sandy shores from the mid-intertidal zone to waters up to 30 meters deep. It can often be found in profusion at sites such as Redondo Beach, California, and Newport Beach, California.

Ralfsia verrucosa is a cosmopolitan species and is found in temperate waters in northern and western Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, New England, Argentina, round the coasts of Africa, India, Japan, Korea, China, Russia, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. It grows on rock in pools in the intertidal zone.

The intertidal zone is inundated by the guano's nutrients, causing algae to grow more rapidly and coalesce into algal mats. These algal mats are in turn colonized by invertebrates. The abundance of nutrients offshore of guano islands also supports coral reef ecosystems. Cave ecosystems are often limited by nutrient availability.

This hermit crab is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from the Bering Sea to Oregon, but is not particularly common anywhere. Its depth range is from the low intertidal zone to a depth of about , and it is found on sandy or muddy substrates or on gravel.

Cyrtopleura costata is found in shallow seas in the north east Atlantic Ocean between Cape Cod and the Gulf of Mexico. It is also found in the West Indies, Central America and as far south as Brazil. It is commonest in the intertidal zone and just below low water mark.

M. ostrina is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends down the western coast of North America from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Cayucos, California. It is found in the intertidal zone on rocky coasts, often in the vicinity of mussel beds, and particularly in wave-exposed positions.

The logs run almost parallel to each other with a variation of less than 5 degrees. The distance between the northern and middle logs is between the middle and southern ones. The mean diameter of the logs is . The western section of the skids is located within the intertidal zone.

It is distributed from Greenland to Norway and south along the European coasts into the Mediterranean Sea. It is found from the intertidal zone to 160 m. It has also been reported off the South African coast from the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula to Algoa Bay.Gosliner, T.M. 1987.

Ghost crabs are semiterrestrial crabs of the subfamily Ocypodinae. They are common shore crabs in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, inhabiting deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The name "ghost crab" derives from their nocturnality and their generally pale coloration.

It has been found that this species grows more abundantly on sloped than on vertical rock faces. Its presence increases species richness as it forms canopies in the mid to high intertidal zone that provide protection, shelter and food for a variety of small invertebrates including many gastropods and crustaceans.

They can also be rarely seen as far south as Redondo Beach, California. Atka mackerel can generally be found from the intertidal zone to depths up to 575 meters.Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith 1988 Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep.

This is a circumtropical sea hare, the only species in its genus. It occurs in the intertidal zone and down to at least 10 mZSILAVECZ, G. 2007. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. on coastal areas of the Indo-West Pacific oceans, the Caribbean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

Bradley's sea star lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Chile, including the Gulf of California. It is also found in the Galapagos Islands. It lives on rocky bottoms and coral reefs from the intertidal zone to deep. This animal lives in a water temperature band from to .

Serpula vermicularis is cosmopolitan in distribution. It is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the European seaboard of the Atlantic Ocean, but not on the North American coast. It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to . Also along Southern African coast from Olifant's River to Maputo.

Chlamys islandica, the Iceland scallop, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. This North Atlantic scallop attaches itself to hard surfaces such as rocks and can be found from the intertidal zone to a depth of .Marine Bivalve Shells of the British Isles (22 March 2016). Chlamys islandica.

H. pulcherrimus is native to tropical waters in the western Central Pacific Ocean, the waters around Palau and the South China Sea. It occurs down to depths of about , but it is mostly found on boulders in the intertidal zone and in the shallow subtidal zone at depths of less than .

Themiste hennahi is native to the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean, its range including the western coast of the United States, and the coasts of Peru and Chile. It burrows into sandy, gravelly, silty and muddy substrates in the intertidal zone, including eelgrass beds, and conceals itself under loose rocks.

Asterias forbesi is found in the intertidal zone of rocky shores on the Atlantic coast of North America from Maine southwards to the Gulf of Mexico. Asterias rubens has a more northerly range, being found from Labrador southward to Cape Hatteras, most commonly north of Cape Cod living in colder, deeper waters.

This species is found in shallow waters in the East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The clam's range extends from the coasts of Norway south to West Africa. It lives in a shallow burrow just under the surface in sand, mud or gravel. It occurs in the intertidal zone down to about .

Clunio is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). All species in the genus are marine. They are found in the intertidal zone of many coasts worldwide. The species Clunio marinus is a long-standing model system in Chronobiology and its genome has been sequenced.

C. sitchensis may be hard to spot due to its rough, rock-like exterior, but it is easily caught due to its slow movements. Found most commonly in the intertidal zone, this species feeds on coralline algae. The reason for the diverse colorations of its carapace may be camouflage with its surroundings.

Ochetostoma erythrogrammon Echiurans are exclusively marine and the majority of species live in the Atlantic Ocean. They are mostly infaunal, occupying burrows in the seabed, either in the lower intertidal zone or the shallow subtidal (e.g. the genera Echiurus, Urechis, and Ikeda). Others live in holes in coral heads, and in rock crevices.

Arroyo Grande is located in a coastal ecosystem within the California floristic province, and the native habitats include coast live oak woodland, central coastal scrub, willow and mixed riparian along Arroyo Grande Creek and numerous tributaries, native bunch-grass grassland, coastal prairie, dunes and intertidal zone, and non- native and agricultural areas.

The eastern jumping blenny is found on shallow reefs where there are exposed rocks covered in algae, it is common in the intertidal zone and it is frequently observed at low tide on the water's edge when it can be seen to hop over damp, rocky surfaces. It is found at depths of .

Austromitra analogica is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusc in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters. This snail is found under rocks and in algae from the intertidal zone to a depth of 570 m along the coasts from Southern Queensland down to the southeast and southern Australia and Tasmania.

Stock assessment of the warty sea cucumber fishery (Parastichopus parvimensis) of NW Baja California. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, 52, 136–147. It is found mainly in low energy environments from the intertidal zone down to ,Bruckner A. W. 2006. Sea cucumber population status, fisheries and trade in the United States.

The family Toxopidae has been separated off. Those intertidal spiders that are truly marine commonly live in barnacle shells, which they seal up with silk; this allows them to maintain an air bubble during high tide. They emerge at night to feed on various small arthropods that live in the intertidal zone.

This sea anemone is native to the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean as far south as Western Sahara. It is found in the intertidal zone and the sublittoral zone, on rocky ledges, in crevices and on boulders. Ecotype 1 occurs down to about while ecotype 2 occurs down to about .

C. exasperatus is found on the Pacific coast of North America from Baja California north to Sitka Sound. The type locality is in Puget Sound opposite Fort Nisqually. It grows on rocks in semi-exposed or semi-protected areas of the upper subtidal to lower intertidal zone, down to a depth of 20m.

This moon snail is found from in the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California to Panama. It has not been documented on the west coast of the Baja Peninsula. It is a shallow water species found in the intertidal zone to 3 meters (10 feet) deep on sand and mud flats.

Longipedia species are benthic or hyperbenthic filter feeders. In the Mediterranean, various Longipedia species were identified as detrital feeders, while others were identified as phytophile. Longipedia species are preyed upon by small fish and corals. In seagrass beds they are more abundant in the intertidal zone, in the top few centimeters of substrate.

This species is present in Santa Cruz, California, to Playa, Peru and in Galapagos Islands. It is found throughout the Gulf of California. Fat horsemussels live is shallow water from the intertidal zone to 25 fathoms. They live on rocks, boulders, and pebbles on the sea bottom and attached to wood pilings.

Clunio marinus is a non-biting midge of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). It is found in the intertidal zone of the European Atlantic Coast from Spain to Iceland. The species is a long-standing model system in Chronobiology, particularly for circalunar clocks and the evolution of biological clocks. Its genome has been sequenced.

The species is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from the western Gulf of Alaska to the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands off the coast of Alaska, and southwards to Ensenada, Baja California. It occurs on rocky substrates in the lower intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone.

The species occurs on the west coast of southern Africa, from Lüderitz in Namibia to Cape Point in South Africa. It inhabits the intertidal zone or shallow water, where it may be found among weeds or under stones. For unknown reasons, the original description by Camill Heller reports the type locality as "Java".

There are about 350 recognized species with the majority from the Nearctic and Palearctic. Many species are found in the intertidal zone and both adults and nymphs of some species like Saldula pallipes can tolerate submergence at high-tide. Saldidae are predators and scavengers. They pass the winter through egg or adult diapause.

While he was there, he initially had the idea that would lead to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue a career in animation. A few years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of the Nickelodeon series Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival, and was offered a job as a director of the show."Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life," The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept.

This species has so far only been found around the southern African coast from the Atlantic side of the Cape Peninsula to the eastern side of False Bay. It has been found from the mid-intertidal zone to at least 30 m.Gosliner T.M. 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Africa It is endemic to South Africa.

Empty molluscan seashells are a sturdy, and usually readily available, "free" resource which is often easily found on beaches, in the intertidal zone, and in the shallow subtidal zone. As such they are sometimes used second-hand by animals other than humans for various purposes, including for protection (as in hermit crabs) and for construction.

Turrids are found worldwide in every sea and ocean from both poles to the tropics. They occur from the low-intertidal zone to depths of more than eight thousand metres (e.g., Xanthodaphne levis Sysoev, 1988, collected between 7974–8006 m, in the Bougainville Trench). However, most species of turrids are found in the neritic zone.

The crumb-of-bread sponge is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean sea and the Pacific Ocean, as well as around the southern African coast from the northern Cape to Port St Johns. It lives from the intertidal zone in tide pools to a maximum depth of about 15 meters (about 50 feet).

This species lives high in the intertidal zone on rocky shores in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. Populations in the Eastern Atlantic in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and the Florida Keys are now known to belong to the sibling species, Siphonaria naufragum.Siphonaria naufragum at Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.

Mopalia muscosa, the mossy chiton, is a species of chiton, a polyplacophoran, an eight-plated marine mollusk. It is a northeastern Pacific species which occurs from British Columbia, Canada, to Baja California Mexico. This species is found in the middle and lower intertidal zone on exposed rocky shores. Mopalia muscosa can be in length.

Nepanthia belcheri is native to the Pacific coast of Australia from the Low Islands in Queensland to Port Jackson in New South Wales. It also occurs in Southeast Asia and is found under boulders and rubble where conditions are muddy, from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about 45 m (150 ft).

The Tasmanian clingfish (Aspasmogaster tasmaniensis) is a clingfish of the family Gobiesocidae, found around the western and southern coasts of Australia including Tasmania. Its length is up to 8 cm. This species is found in shallow, coastal, rocky reefs and in the intertidal zone. It is also encountered by scuba divers beneath piers and jetties.

Nucella lamellosa, commonly known as the frilled dogwinkle or wrinkled purple whelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. This species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending in the intertidal zone from the Aleutian Islands southward to central California.

Stenopus hispidus lives below the intertidal zone, at depth of up to , on coral reefs. It is a cleaner shrimp, and advertises to passing fish by slowly waving its long, white antennae. S. hispidus uses its three pairs of claws to remove parasites, fungi and damaged tissue from the fish. Stenopus hispidus is monogamous.

Dialommus macrocephalus, the Foureye rockskipper, is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California, Mexico to Colombia. It inhabits the intertidal zone and is capable of leaving the water in search of land-dwelling prey. It feeds on invertebrates including crabs. This species can reach a length of TL.

In 2015 he helped create the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) which he currently holds the position of Project Leader, and the founder and co-ordinator for UCL 'Evolutionary Determinants of Health' programme. Gustav has also set up the Museum of London's Centre for Human Bioarchaeology with a grant from the Wellcome Trust.

Artedius notospilotus, or the bonehead sculpin, is a species of sculpin in the family Cottidae. Commonly found in the intertidal zone to depths of 170 feet, the species has a range extending from the Puget Sound, Washington to the Baja California peninsula. It serves as the host for Podocotyle enophrysi, a species of parasitic flatworm.

This brittle star lives from the intertidal zone to a depth of 70 meters (230 feet). It is benthic, living on the sea bed, favoring rocky bottoms and coral reefs. The species lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Colombia, including the Gulf of California. It is found in the Galapagos Islands.

"The genus Leptasterias originates in the Arctic,"Himmelman, J.H., et al. "Brooding behaviour of the northern sea star Leptasterias polaris." Marine Biology. 1982;68(3):235-240. and within the United States, this species can be found in the middle intertidal zone of rocky shores of central California, including San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey counties.

During late winter to early spring, the sailfin sculpin migrates into the shallower intertidal zone to spawn.TenBrink, Todd T. & Aydin, Kerim Y. (2009). "Life history traits of sculpins in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands" NPRB Project 628 Final Report. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, p.

This sea hare occurs in the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. It can be found mostly in shallow water of about 1.5 to 10 m. It avoids the intertidal zone because the animals cannot absorb atmospheric oxygen and so die after stranding relatively quickly. Occasionally some are trapped in tide pools at low tide.

Cephalocaridans are found from the intertidal zone down to a depth of , in all kinds of sediments. Cephalocaridans feed on marine detritus. To bring in food particles, they generate currents with the thoracic appendages like the branchiopods and the malacostracans. Food particles are then passed anteriorly along a ventral groove, leading to the mouthparts.

Bunodosoma cavernatum is native to the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, its range extending from North Carolina to Texas, including Florida and the West Indies. It occurs in the lower part of the intertidal zone on rocks and jetties, and on other hard substrates underlying gravelly or sandy bottoms.

A flat oval chiton with a nondescript appearance and no distinct markings on the often eroded valves apart from the occasional white blotch. Girdle narrow, cream to mid-brown, also with occasional white blotches, covered in nodules. Usually attached to open rock surfaces on wave-exposed shores in the mid to low intertidal zone.

"Nearshore" is most commonly defined as the backshore, intertidal and shallow subtidal areas of shoreline. In Washington, for example, the Shoreline Management Act defines the upland edge of this area to be behind the shoreline. Many groups also consider the nearshore to go fairly deep beyond the intertidal zone. More than 10,000 streams and rivers drain into Puget Sound.

Juvenile Alaskan king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) have been observed living as commensals on the surface of the mottled star, sheltering between its arms. Adult king crabs have been reported as attacking and eating the starfish. It is also preyed on by gulls in the intertidal zone and by the morning sunstar (Solaster dawsoni) and the sunflower seastar (Pycnopodia helianthoides).

The Waratah anemone is found along the coasts of southern Australia, its range extending from Perth to New South Wales. It is also found throughout New Zealand. It is found in cracks and crevices, under overhangs and under boulders on rocky shores, usually in the middle to low intertidal zone but occasionally higher up the shore.

Entomacrodus vermiculatus, the vermiculated blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny native to the Indian Ocean where it is found around the Seychelles, the Maldives and Christmas Island. It is largely an inhabitant of the intertidal zone where it is regularly exposed to the air which it is capable of breathing. This species reaches a length of TL.

Laternula elliptica is found in the Southern Ocean, round Antarctica and the tip of Patagonia.Laternula elliptica (King & Broderip, 1831) Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2012-02-13. It has been found in waters as shallow as the intertidal zone and as deep as the continental slope (~), but it is most common in shallow waters.

The Cushion Sea Star is found in the intertidal zone of Australian coasts from Western Australia's south coast to Queensland's coast off Currumbin, while including Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. This sea star species favours rocky coasts abiding both in tide pools and to a maximum depth of 3 meters below sea level.

It was first seen in Turkey in 1999 and seems to have become established in the eastern end of the Mediterranean. It favours rocky habitats in the intertidal zone, and is found at depths down to about , often growing among seaweed. It is part of the fouling community and is found on harbour walls, pilings, and other underwater structures.

As part of constructing the sculpture park, $5.7 million were spent transforming of the seawall and underwater shoreline inside Myrtle Edwards park. A three level underwater slope was built with 50,000 tonnes of riprap. The first level of the slope is large rocks to break up waves. The second is a flat "bench" level to recreate an intertidal zone.

Ecklonia radiata is a species of kelp found in the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, Madagascar, Mauritania, Senegal, South Africa, Oman, southern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and New Zealand. Ecklonia radiata grows in kelp beds on reefs and where sheltered can form dense 'forests'. It can be found in the low intertidal zone to depths of approximately 25m.

Notochthamalus scabrosus, the only species in the genus Notochthamalus, is a species of barnacle found along the south-western and south-eastern coasts of South America, from Peru to the Falkland Islands. The species is found almost exclusively higher in the intertidal zone than the mussel Perumytilus, often codistributed with the confamilial barnacle Chthamalus cirratus and Balanus flosculus.

The Gordon limestone belongs to the Gordon group. It is formed over western Tasmania and is conformable on the Owen Conglomerate and lies unconformably over the Precambrian rocks north of Zeehan. The limestone occurs in the Dundas and Sheffield Elements and the Florentine Synclinorium. The conditions of its formation were in or near the intertidal zone.

Cryptasterina hystera is native to a small number of locations on the coasts of Australia at the southern end of the range of Cryptasterina pentagona. It occurs around the shores and islands of Statue Bay (23°15′S; 150°45′E), in south east Queensland, and is typically found under rocks and among mangroves in the upper intertidal zone.

Lasaea rubra is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from Norway through the North Sea to the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea. It is found in the intertidal zone on rocky shores, lodged in crevices, in tufts of lichen or among the holdfasts ad fronds of seaweed, attached by byssus threads.

The species inhabits the Pacific Ocean off the northwestern coast (intertidal zone) to a depth of ) of North America, ranging from the Aleutian Islands to the north to the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the south. While rare, according to Sea Stars of the Pacific Northwest, the species is more abundant in the northern portion of its range.

Drupella cornus commonly occurs on or under tabular corals of the genera Acropora and Montipora or on hard substrates in the lower intertidal zone and shallow sublittoral zone. In areas where Acropora and Montipora coral are rare, D. Cornus has also been known to feed on other corals such as Porites in Kenya, and Pocillopora and Porites in Hawaii.

Most species in the family live either in the intertidal zone or in the shallow subtidal zone, but some live in deeper water. They are usually abundant on solid, suitable substrates, like rocky shores and reefs.Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1.

Variability in the diurnal stress protein (Hsp70) cycle in tropical chitons (Acanthopleura granulata) from the intertidal zone: The influence of temperature and photoperiod exposure. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 41(4), 229-239. During the day, levels decrease again as the stress level protein follows the daily air temperature curve.Schill, R., Gayle, P., & Köhler, H. (2002).

The crab feeds on mollusks, annelid worms, other benthic invertebrates, and bits of fish. Lacking jaws, it grinds up the food with bristles on its legs and a gizzard that contains sand and gravel. Spawning tends to occur in the intertidal zone and to be correlated with spring tides (the highest tides of the month). The breeding season varies.

This fireworm occurs on the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California, with a separate population off the coast of Panama in Central America. The species typically lives among seaweed growing on rocks and among seagrasses such as Zostera. It can be found on the seabed from the intertidal zone down to the continental shelf.

It is found at a higher elevation during spring tides compared to neap tides. The size of a beach and its intertidal zone will influence the location of wrack deposition. Additionally, storms will often increase the volume of debris that is deposited. The wrack zone may be composed of a variety of materials, both organic and inorganic.

Rockfish range from the intertidal zone to almost deep, usually living benthically on various substrates, often (as the name suggests) around rock outcrops. Some rockfish species are very long- lived, amongst the longest-living fish on earth, with several species known to surpass 100 years of age, and a maximum reported age of 205 years for S. aleutianus.

Since the species today lives in the intertidal zone, this allows an estimate to be made of the distance from the shoreline, and by implication, the water depth. These observations are backed up by the appearance of the deep-water trace fossil Zoophycum in the predicted deepest waters, suggesting that barnacles can be a good proxy for water depth.

The Wadden Sea Centre () is the visitor center for the UNESCO World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea, an intertidal zone of the North Sea stretching from the Netherlands to Denmark. The center serves to raise awareness of the Wadden Sea and the marshlands around it. Located in Vester Vedsted, Denmark, the center opened in February 2017.

Alpheus novaezealandiae is a species of shrimp in the family Alpheidae, found in Australasia. A. novaezelandiae is found around the coasts of New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Australia, where it lives under rocks from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It is a large species, growing to a length of , and is dark in colouration.

This species is mainly found on soft bottoms in the sublittoral zone, and occasionally on the littoral fringe, where it is sometimes found alive at low tide. It does not adapt well to life in the intertidal zone, due to its intolerance for low salinities. If exposed to air, it may crawl from its shell, risking desiccation.

Anasterias antarctica is found in the Southern Ocean and the waters around Antarctica. It is native to Argentina, the Falkland Islands and southern Chile, and several islands in the Southern Ocean. Its depth range is from the intertidal zone down to about , its typical habitat being on rocks, boulders and pebbles and in forests of giant kelp.

This species was described from the intertidal zone at Coobowie, west coast of St Vincent Gulf, South Australia . It is related to the widespread tropical species Hypselodoris infucata and the similar Australian species Hypselodoris obscura. It has been reported from depths to 12 m and from Western Australia.Rudman, W.B., 1998 (November 28) Hypselodoris saintvincentius (Burn, 1962).

The range of E. polymorpha extends along the western coast of North America, from Alaska to California. It is found in the intertidal zone in tide pools and in the neritic zone at depths up to 420 m.MarineBio It tends to grow in groups and can be found growing on rocks, reefs, pilings, wharves and marinas.

Tiny black sea cucumbers are found in the North Pacific Ocean from Hokkaido, Japan to the Russian Far East, the Commander Islands, the Aleutians, and south along the North American coast to Haida Gwaii in British Columbia. This is a shallow water species living on rocky bottoms in the intertidal zone, often in association with mussel beds.

Lottia instabilis is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae. Common names include the unstable limpet, the unstable seaweed limpet and the rocking chair limpet. It is native to the northern Pacific Ocean where it feeds on kelp in the intertidal zone and the shallow sub-littoral zone.

Significant levels of genetic differentiation between sicklefin lemon sharks in Australia and French Polynesia, apart, suggest that little intermingling occurs between regional subpopulations. An inhabitant of coastal continental and insular shelves, the sicklefin lemon shark occurs from the intertidal zone to a depth of .Bester, C. Biological Profiles: Sicklefin Lemon Shark. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.

The mudflats of Holes Bay were rapidly colonized by cordgrass during the 20th century, covering 63% of the intertidal zone between 1901 and 1924,Gray and Pearson (1984), 11-14. before receding again between 1924 and 1980 due to erosion and die-back.May & Humphreys (2005), 75 Its vegetation includes woodland wild flowers, saltmarsh plants and grassland species including orchids.

The species occurs on the coast of southern Africa, having been recorded in Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. It can also be found on Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul in the southern Indian Ocean. It inhabits the intertidal zone, where it occurs on or under rocks, generally associated with kelp and other organic drift material.

Olson read The Intertidal Zone, an educational book hosted by a sea sponge character, which Hillenburg had written and illustrated while working at the Ocean Institute to teach students about tide pools. Olson enthusiastically encouraged Hillenburg to create an underwater television series like the book. Hillenburg has stated that his idea for the SpongeBob series hatched during this conversation with Olson about The Intertidal Zone; in Hillenburg's words, Olson told him, "This is your show right here." Olson wrote, co-wrote or directed a number of off-beat stage plays in Los Angeles, including "The Head", "The Idiots", "I Never Knew My Father", "1958", "Torn", "The Ron Lynch Show", "The Bob Rubin Experience" and "Cold Black Heart" at various theaters, including the Comedy Central Stage, the HBO Theater and the Steve Allen Theater in Hollywood.

Gloiopeltis furcata at Seaweeds of Alaska Gloiopeltis furcata inhabits the mid to high intertidal zone of rocky coasts where it grows abundantly, on the tops and sides of rocks and rocky ledges. G. furcata is very similar to Gloiopeltis tenax and Gloiopeltis complanata. The three species are grown, harvested, and often used interchangeably. G. furcata is commercially harvested in China and Japan.

Sea sacs are widely distributed in the north Pacific Ocean. The species is found from the Russian Far East to the Bering and Chukchi Seas, the Aleutian Islands, mainland Alaska and south along the coast of North America to Point Conception, California. Sea sacs are found in Puget Sound. This is a shallow water species growing in the low to middle intertidal zone.

This algae is an annual, appearing in the Spring and degenerating in the Fall. It has a complex reproductive strategy. The obvious sea sacs that are seen in the intertidal zone are a mix of male gametophytes and asexual tetrasporophytes. They appear to be identical, but close examination reveals the thalli of the tetrasporophytes to be dotted with the red tetraspores.

Heteroclinus wilsoni, or Wilson's weedfish, is a species of clinid found along the coast of southern Australia and Tasmania where it can be found in weedy reefs from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about . This species can reach a maximum length of TL. The specific name honours John Bracebridge Wilson (1828-1895), a naturalist and headmaster who collected the type.

A number of individuals of Peringia ulvae on mud Peringia ulvae is a widespread and abundant member of the benthic fauna of estuarine habitats and coastal brackish and salt waters. It is very common in brackish water and saltwater, in estuaries and salt marshes. It is most common in the upper half of the intertidal zone. It tolerates salinity 1.0-3.3 %.

H. cavicauda is found along the Pacific coast of North America from Cape Mendocino in the north, through the Channel Islands, to Isla San Jerónimo, Mexico in the south. It usually lives beneath rocks in the lower part of the intertidal zone. The related species H. mertensii occurs further north, but shares a similar ecology to that of H. cavicauda.

The type location of Aplidium solidum is Pemba Island, Tanzania and it is also found in Australian waters. It occurs on the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to California where it is common on rocks, especially among the holdfasts of kelp forests, and pilings. It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to 40 metres.

Simonszand () is a sandbank between the West Frisian Islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumerplaat in the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland in the province of Groningen. The sandbank was originally mapped as being an Intertidal zone in approximately 1811, but changed in later mappings to be shown as a Supratidal zone after it became larger and migrated seaward.

This species is found along the coasts of Brazil and Uruguay, mostly in the mid-intertidal zone. It is the most common limpet with large population sizes in the Brazilian midlittoral. It can fill the small gaps in mussel beds dominated by Brachidontes solisianus and Brachidontes darwinianus. They are also very abundant in the regions dominated by the barnacle Tetraclita stalactifera.

Western gulls feed in pelagic environments and in intertidal environments. At sea, they take fish and invertebrates like krill, squid and jellyfish. They are unable to dive and feed exclusively on the surface of the water. On land they feed on seal and sea lion carcasses and roadkill, as well as cockles, starfish, limpets and snails in the intertidal zone.

With permission from the National Park Service, Südfall is reachable from Nordstrand at low tide by foot or on horseback over the intertidal zone. In the summertime, the island is visited thrice per week by a ship from Pellworm. As Südfall is in the First Protection Zone () of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park, accessing the island is otherwise prohibited.

C. sitchensis can be found from southern Alaska to southern California, where they are common. They live within of the intertidal zone along the exposed coasts of the Pacific Ocean. Intertidal species of Lithodidae prefer habitats of cooler temperatures ranging from and temperatures of during larval development. This causes a restriction on their distribution as water temperatures change due to global warming.

Stylocheilus striatus is a species of sea hare with a circumtropical distribution living from the intertidal zone to a depth of 30 metres. Mature animals can reach sizes up to 65 mm and are brown in colour with blue spots. Their diet mainly consists of blue algae. They play an important role in controlling toxic blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula numbers.

This species is native to the tropical and sub-tropical western Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique (in which it is one of ten mangrove species) to India, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, northern Australia and Papua New Guinea; it grows in the higher intertidal zone and is found in estuaries and lining the banks of creeks.

The species of the Microcanthinae are found off shallow coastal areas and in rocky estuarine, mainly over hard substrates. They occur from the intertidal zone down as deep to where they have a diet comprising small invertebrates and algae. They prefer subtropical and warm temperate seas. They occur in the southeasst Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific Ocean off Australia and New Zealand.

S. gigantea is native to shallow waters in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands southwards to San Francisco Bay in California, although it rarely occurs south of Humboldt Bay. It is found buried in soft sediments such as sand, muddy sand and gravel, from the low intertidal zone down to about .

Spawning occurs in the warmer months of April to August. The male and female mate in pairs, the male mates with several females and guards all of their eggs. Each female spawns three times in a season. The eggs are laid under rocks in the intertidal zone and the larvae are young can be common on shorelines in the autumn.

The species is native to the western seaboard of North America, from British Columbia to Baja California. It occurs on rocky coasts from the low intertidal zone down to about . It appreciates habitats with vigorous water movement, such as surge channels, and often grows in caves and under overhangs. It is often found living amongst kelp such as Macrocystis integrifolia.

Apodocreedia vanderhorsti, the longfin burrower, is a species of sandburrower native to the Indian Ocean coast of southern Africa where it can be found from Delagoa Bay, Mozambique to Durban, South Africa. It occurs from the intertidal zone to a depth of approximately . This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

This fish is oviparous. The male claims a nest site, which is generally under a rock in the intertidal zone. Once the female spawns she leaves the eggs in the care of the male and departs. One female can lay about 400 eggs, but the male may mate with a few females and end up with over 1000 eggs in his nest.

Metacarcinus anthonyi occurs from Magdalena Bay, Baja California north to Humboldt Bay in Northern California, although it is uncommon further north than San Pedro. It lives in rocky areas at depths of up to . Only the juveniles live in the intertidal zone. Some fossils of M. anthonyi are also known from central and southern California, dating from the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

If a cockle lives in the intertidal zone it is protected against desiccation by the shell closing tightly together (the abductor muscles do this). A small amount of water is stored inside the shell, keeping the cockles body moist. Strong wave action can dislodge cockles. The shell prevents damage to the body when it is drifting around in the water.

Megathura crenulata. SeaLifeBase. Megathura is a monotypic genus, in other words, this is the only species in that genus. This species occurs along the rocky coast of western North America, its distribution extending from Southern California to the Baja California peninsula in Mexico. It is found in the intertidal zone and in the sea up to a depth of 33 meters.

P. hirsutiusculus is found from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska to southern California, and from the Bering Strait south to Japan. It lives at depths ranging from the middle intertidal zone to , generally lower than Pagurus samuelis. It is commonly found in tide pools with sand or rock, and under rocks, logs, and seaweed, and is the common hermit crab of San Francisco Bay.

The ducks are omnivorous; they feed on vegetation, including marine and freshwater algae, dabbling and diving in the sea when the water is calm.Weller (1980), p. 57. They also consume a range of invertebrates, including freshwater fairy shrimp (Brachinecta gaini), marine amphipods, Diptera, small clams, nematodes and snails, foraging in the intertidal zone and sometimes scavenging at seal carcasses.Weller (1975).

Istiblennius dussumieri occurs along very shallow rocky coasts, frequently in the intertidal zone where the water is less than deep. It prefers sheltered shorelines where it often occurs along with Istiblennius edentulus. It will also occur in mangrove areas. They are oviparous and form pairs, the eggs adhere to the substrate while the planktonic larvae are found in shallow, coastal waters.

In the lower part of the intertidal zone in the Adriatic, Arca noae often grows in association with Modiolus barbatus. The shells are often heavily encrusted with epibionts. Water is drawn into the shell mainly at the posterior end. Plankton and fine organic particles are filtered out as the water passes over the gills and inedible particles are rejected at the same time.

Spongites yendoi is found in the southeastern Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Its range includes South Africa, Réunion, the Comoroes, Mayotte and Mauritius, and extends to China, Indonesia and Australia. It is also found on the coasts of the North, South and Chatham Islands of New Zealand. It grows on rocks and on benthic organisms in the lower parts of the intertidal zone.

Norrisia norrisii can be found in the lower rocky intertidal zone, where these snails graze on algae, microscopic films, and wrack. More commonly Norrisia norrisii is found in the shallow subtidal, particularly in kelp forests. On Santa Catalina Island off the coast of southern California, Norrisia norrisii is commonly seen crawling up and down stipes of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera.

Thoropa are associated with rocks and have cryptic coloration. Their size ranges from small to medium, in snout–vent length. They occur at elevations up to above sea level; Thoropa miliaris and Thoropa taophora can even live on rocky marine shores, foraging in the intertidal zone. Male Thoropa are associated with wet rock faces, whereas the females seem to range more widely.

Electra pilosa is native to the northeastern and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea, the Wadden Sea, the White Sea and the Barents Sea. It is also present in Australia and New Zealand where it is regarded as an introduced species. It is found from the intertidal zone of sheltered rocky shores down to depths of about .

Plants that survive in the sea are often found in shallow waters, such as the seagrasses (examples of which are eelgrass, Zostera, and turtle grass, Thalassia). These plants have adapted to the high salinity of the ocean environment. The intertidal zone is also a good place to find plant life in the sea, where mangroves or cordgrass or beach grass might grow.

Bird Islands Conservation Park is a protected area in eastern Spencer Gulf, South Australia. It is located at Warburto Point on Yorke Peninsula, about south of the town of Wallaroo. In 1991, land additions were made to the park to include the intertidal zone of both islands. In 1999, a larger, mainland section was added to support mangroves, samphire and coastal fringe vegetation.

This type of migration is often used in order to find food or mates. Tides can carry organisms horizontally and vertically for as little as a few nanometers to even thousands of kilometers. The most common form of tidal migration is to and from Intertidal zone during daily tidal cycles. These zones are often populated by many different species and are nutrient rich.

Silvetia is a genus of brown algae, commonly known as rockweed, found in the intertidal zone of rocky seashores of the Pacific Ocean. These were originally classified as members of the genus Pelvetia. In 1999, Silvetia sp. was created as a separate species from Pelvetia canaliculata due to differences of oogonium structure and of nucleic acid sequences of the rDNA.

The elegant lucine is found in the east Pacific Ocean from Baja California to Peru, including the Gulf of California. It is found in the Galapagos Islands. It is a shallow water species that lives from the intertidal zone to 50 meters (165 feet) deep. Elegant lucines are infaunal, that is they live buried in sand or mud on the seabed.

The entire life cycle lasts 2 years. Adults emerge between mid-June and mid-August, usually reaching peak abundance by mid-July and declining by September. They spend the day foraging in the intertidal zone when the weather is warm and sunny. They feed on small invertebrates including flies, ants, and amphipods, but will also scavenge dead fish and crabs.

The blackish oystercatcher is native to the coasts of Argentina, Chile, the Falkland Islands and Peru, and it is a vagrant to Uruguay. The natural habitats of the blackish oystercatcher are rocky shores. It feeds in the intertidal zone on rocky shorelines, in rockpools and on pebble beaches. Rarely, it can be found on sandy beaches hunting for mole crabs.

The longnose stingray can be found in regions ranging from the southern Gulf of Mexico southward to the Brazilian state of Paraná, including the Greater and Lesser Antilles. This bottom-dwelling species inhabits inshore marine and brackish waters from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It favors muddy or sandy substrates, and is tolerant of wide variations in salinity.

Commonly harvested in buckets by workers walking in the intertidal zone on low tide; other methods have been tried. In Maine, the snails are commonly collected by a dredge towed from a vessel. In Norway, snorkeling has also been used. A report on the state of the periwinkle industry in Ireland suggests a maximum catch size in order to preserve the population.

Port Noarlunga includes parts of the following protected areas. The Encounter Marine Park and the Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve both occupy land within the intertidal zone of the suburb along the coastline with Gulf St Vincent and the Onkaparinga River. The Encounter Marine Park also occupies the undeveloped area in the south of the suburb adjoining the mouth of the Onkaparinga River.

Native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, L. instabilis is present from Kodiak Island, off the coast of Alaska, to San Diego, California. It is often found on the holdfasts and stipes of kelp, at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to about . It also occurs on bare rock and sometimes on the shells of gastropod mollusks, including those occupied by hermit crabs.

The tidepool sculpin is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea to southern California. Its depth range is from the intertidal zone down to about . It is tolerant of both brackish water and normal seawater. It is found higher up the shore and is more tolerant of warmer water than other species of sculpin such as the fluffy sculpin.

The bat star gets its name from the webbing between its arms, which is said to resemble a bat's wings. The bat star is usually found in the intertidal zone to a depth of . Its range extends from Sitka, Alaska to Baja California in the Pacific Ocean. It is most abundant along the coast of Central California and the Monterey Bay.

These clams are found in the mid to high intertidal zone, buried in sand, gravel, or silt, from just below the surface to deep. They have greater tolerance for salinity conditions than native clams and are sometimes found in brackish waters near freshwater seeps. The species is native to Japan, Korea, and China. It has been naturalized in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.

Coastal erosion may be the result of sea level rise or deficit in sedimentary equilibrium. One way or another, unconsolidated sand that covers the beachrock draws away and the formation is revealed. If the process of cementation continues, new beachrock would be formed in a new position in the intertidal zone. Successive phases of sea level change may result in sequential zones of beachrock.

The construction of the bridge's structure presented major engineering challenges. These included the highly variable geotechnical conditions due to the underlying marine geology of the seabed. At times, even for plan area of a single pile had a highly uneven foundation bed. Further complications included the presence of a variable intertidal zone, with parts of the foundation bed exposed in low tide and submerged in high tide.

This strain contains phycoerthrin and was first isolated from the intertidal zone in Puerto Peñasco, Mexico. The last cluster contains what had previously been referred to as ‘marine A and B clusters’ of Synechococcus. These cells are truly marine and have been isolated from both the coastal and the open ocean. All strains are obligate photoautrophs and are around 0.6–1.7 µm in diameter.

Members of the family Narkidae are commonly known as sleeper rays. They are restricted to the temperate and tropical Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Japan to Indonesia, and are exclusively marine and are absent from freshwater habitats. They occur from the intertidal zone to the continental shelf and the upper continental slope to a depth of 350 meters, favoring soft- bottomed habitats.

The flatback mud crab is found in the sub-tropical and temperate waters of the western Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from Massachusetts to Florida and Texas, the Caribbean Sea, Bermuda, the Dutch West Indies and Uruguay. It occurs in the intertidal zone and the shallow sub-littoral zone, down to depths of about . It is tolerant of water of low salinities and occurs in estuaries.

Pacifia goddardi was described from the intertidal zone of Carpinteria State Beach, California. It has also been found at 9 m depth in Las Flores Canyon, off Malibu, at 18 m depth on the south side of West Anacapa Island and at 9 m depth off Point Dume, Malibu, California.Goddard, J.H.R. & C. Hoover. 2016. Distribution, seasonality, and prey specificity of Flabellina goddardi Gosliner, 2010 (Gastropoda: Nudipleura: Aeolidina).

Phyllospadix iwatensis is a plant species found along the seacoasts of Japan, Korea, China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong), and the Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Primorye and the Kuril Islands). It was first discovered in 1929 near on the Miyako Peninsula in Iwate Prefecture in Japan, in northeastern Honshu. It occurs in the intertidal zone along the shore.Makino, Tomitarô. 1931. Journal of Japanese Botany 7(7): 15.

Phyllospadix serrulatus is a species of aquatic plant in the Zosteraceae family. It is referred to by the common name toothed surfgrass, and is found along the shorelines of British Columbia and southern Alaska. It grows in salt marshes in the intertidal zone. Phyllospadix serrulatus is a grass-like herb with leaves up to 60 cm long, with teeth along the margins toward the tip.

Zostera japonica is a species of aquatic plant in the Zosteraceae family. It is referred to by the common names dwarf eelgrass or Japanese eelgrass, and is native to the seacoast of eastern Asia from Russia to Vietnam, and introduced to the western coast of North America. It is found in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal, and grows on sandy, muddy and silty substrates.

Sinustrombus sinuatus is found in tropical and sub-tropical waters in southeastern Asia and Oceania. Its range extends from Sri Lanka and the eastern coast of India to the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. Its typical habitat is a sandy substrate with algae and coral fragments in areas with low turbidity. It occurs from the low intertidal zone down to about .

Egregia menziesii is a species of kelp known commonly as feather boa kelp. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Egregia. It is native to the coastline of western North America from Alaska to Baja California, where it is a common kelp of the intertidal zone. It is dark brown in color, shiny and bumpy in texture, and may reach over five meters long.

Ensis ensis burrows into clean or silty sand on the seabed in the neritic zone and the low intertidal zone. When covered with water this bivalve remains close to the surface but when disturbed or when the substrate is exposed it descends to half a metre below the surface. It can tunnel with great rapidity.Fish, J.D. and Fish, S. (1996) A student’s guide to the seashore.

While C. affinis is epifaunal, that is it lives at the surface of the seabed on rocks and in crevices, C. bajaensis is infuanal or semi-infaunal, living completely or partly buried in sand, mud, or loose rocks. C. affinis is also found in the Galapagos Islands. This is a shallow-water species, living from the intertidal zone down to 27 meters (90 feet) deep.

Thais chocolata, common name locate in Spanish, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. This species is endemic to the west coast of South America: (Chile, Ecuador and Peru). The snail is found in the intertidal zone and is quite common on rocky shores, both in sheltered waters and on the open coast.

C. laevimanus is found in the tropical and sub-tropical western Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from East Africa, Madagascar and the Comores, through Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia and Papua New Guinea to Hawaii, and includes many of the western Pacific archipelagoes. It is usually found between the low intertidal zone and the upper subtidal zone, typically on rocky reefs, rock and coral rubble.

Contemporary specimens are used by forensic entomologists as medico-legal markers for the postmortem interval assessment. A number of chironomid species inhabit marine habitats. Midges of the genus Clunio are found in the intertidal zone, where they have adjusted their entire life cycle to the rhythm of the tides. This made the species Clunio marinus an important model species for research in the field of chronobiology.

P. branneri is native to shallow water habitats in the southern Caribbean Sea and the northern coasts of South America. Its range includes Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and northern and eastern Brazil, between Ceará and Cabo Frio. It occurs on reefs, in channels and pools in the intertidal zone, in places with vigorous movement of water, to a maximum depth of .

" He studied under Jules Engel, the founding director of the program, whom he considered his "Art Dad" and mentor. Engel accepted him into the program impressed by The Intertidal Zone. Hillenburg said, "[Engel] also was a painter, so I think he saw my paintings and could easily say, 'Oh, this guy could fit in to this program.' I don't have any [prior experience in] animation really.

Like other ghost crabs, Ocypode brevicornis live in deep burrows near the intertidal zone of open sandy beaches. They are generalists, scavenging carrion and debris as well as preying on small animals. They are primarily nocturnal, though they may emerge during the day. They are swift runners, darting away to their burrows at the slightest sign of danger, even when the intruder sighted is still away.

The Boardwalk Bath was drained via a pipe built into the bottom of the bath. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The baths demonstrate the principal characteristics of sea baths and have a high degree of intactness. Like tidal baths in other parts of Australia, they are formed by enhancing natural rock formations in the intertidal zone.

Cucumaria miniata can be found from northern Alaska to northern Mexico. They live in rocky areas from the intertidal zone to a depth of 100 m, and are generally found wedged in crevices on docks or between rocks. Since they have the ability to stay attached to a substrate, they tend to frequent areas with higher currents in order to avoid predation.Kozloff, E.N. (1993).

Anthopleura ballii is native to northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the coasts of Western Europe. It is found on rocky coasts from the intertidal zone down to depths of about . It usually occurs in crevices, in the holes made by piddocks as they burrow, under boulders and in other concealed locations. It is sometimes attached to pebbles and shells and may be semi-immersed in sand or mud.

A term typically used by Earth scientists, a sabkha () is a coastal, supratidal mudflat or sandflat in which evaporite-saline minerals accumulate as the result of semiarid to arid climate. Sabkhas are gradational between land and intertidal zone within restricted coastal plains just above normal high-tide level. Within a sabkha, evaporite-saline minerals sediments typically accumulate below the surface of mudflats or sandflats.

The epaulette shark is an opportunistic predator of benthic crustaceans, worms, and small bony fish. Off Heron Island, over 90% of the epaulette shark's diet consists of polychaete worms and crabs, with juveniles taking mostly the former and adults mostly the latter. It hunts most actively at dawn and dusk, though feeding can occur at any time during the day.Martin, R.A. Intertidal Zone: Epaulette Shark.

There are two types of wild oysters in New Zealand, Bluff oysters and rock oysters. Both have been commercially harvested since the mid-19th century. Bluff oysters have never been cultivated, but various attempts were made to cultivate the rock oyster. Rock oysters are found naturally in the intertidal zone in the north of the North Island, and were subject to early cultivation experiments.

The numbers, scale and layout of the nausts are unparalleled elsewhere in Ireland, making them a unique maritime heritage monument. # Seaweed Mearing Stone bearing the number 22A series of numbered seaweed mearing stones exist on the intertidal zone of the South Malluir. Six have been identified in situ to date. Working from west to east they are numbered 23, 22, 21, 9, 10 and 11.

Ocypode is a genus of ghost crabs found in the sandy shores of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. They have a box-like body, thick and elongated eyestalks, and one claw is larger than the other in both males and females. They inhabit deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are primarily nocturnal, and are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals.

Calcinus morgani is found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region, its range extending from Madagascar to western, northern and eastern Australia, the Philippines, Indonesia and other western Pacific island groups. It is typically found in the intertidal zone of coral reefs and on rocky shores exposed to strong wave action. This is in contrast to C. gaimardii which prefers sheltered inlets and is found subtidally.

The American Naturalist, 100(910): 65-75. Another influential example of top-down control emerged from Jane Lubchenco's experiments on New England rocky shores, which demonstrated that the herbivorous snail L. littorea exerts control on the diversity and succession of tide pool algal communities (Lubchenco and Menge 1978).Lubchenco, J. and B.A. Menge. 1978. Community development and persistence in a low rocky intertidal zone.

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs in the subtidal and the lower intertidal zone off South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Numbers have been observed to have been decreasing in recent years, with the causes put down to recreational activities reducing the amount of kelp habitat, predatory fish attracted by excess feed escaping from abalone farms, and storms eroding the seabed.

Douglas squirrels and black-tailed deer are among the numerous mammals that inhabit the mountain. There are many tide pools in the intertidal zone at the base of the mountain. Organisms such as jellyfish, littleneck clams, sunflower starfish, and many others can be found in these pools. Gray whales can sometimes be seen migrating along the coast, and more rarely, humpback whales are spotted.

The tidal fish traps consist of low walls of boulders and pebbles constructed across gullies or other suitable localities within the intertidal zone. Where no gullies or big rocks are present, complete artificial enclosures may be built. A trap site usually consists of a series of traps ranging in size from about 10 m² to as big as half a football field.Kemp, Lucy Valeska (2007).

This sea star occurs along the coast of North America from Sitka, Alaska to La Jolla, California. It is found in Puget Sound. The pink sea star is found in relatively shallow water from the lower intertidal zone to deep. The animal does not tolerate being out of water very well, so it is generally found on the beach only during very low tides.

The organism may encrust bare rock surfaces, or be epiphytic upon frondose algae - particularly Laminaria hyperborea. It typically grows in the shadow of these larger algae, in the intertidal zone, and its adaption to low light levels means it is also common in caves. It reproduces in winter using tetrasporangia and don't bear any monosporangia. Rhodochorton is typically marine, but R. investiens dwells in fresh water.

Paracerceis sculpta is a species of marine isopod between and in length. The species lives mainly in the intertidal zone, and is native to the Northeast Pacific from Southern California to Mexico, but has since been introduced to many other countries. Adults are herbivorous and consume algae but juveniles are carnivorous and consume moulting females. They reproduce in sponges but do not feed near them.

The yellow boring sponge is native to the north-eastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Alaska to Baja California. It is most often found in the subtidal zone but also occurs in the intertidal zone. It is more common in the colder waters in the northern part of its range than it is in the southern part, and it occurs at depths down to about .

The adults feed on small organic particles (detritus) and seagrasses that are brought in with the tide. Their habitat is a gently sloping intertidal zone with two high and two low tides each day. There are large differences in the duration of flooding and sea level between the two high tides each day, between seasons and between places nearer to or further from the shoreline.

These organisms have to face daily variation in salinity, exposure to sunlight and lack of food. Small individuals can be found on wharf piling and vertical faces of rock. This area can also be defined as the midway region of the rocky intertidal zone. This species of hermit crab has been observed to be quite aggressive, therefore yielding staggering amounts of both intraspecific and interspecific competition.

The littoral zone of an ocean is the area close to the shore and extending out to the edge of the continental shelf. The intertidal zone of a beach is also part of the littoral zone. Estuaries are also in the littoral zone. In oceanography and marine biology, the idea of the littoral zone is extended roughly to the edge of the continental shelf.

The substrate can be rocks throughout the intertidal zone, or, as in the case of the Corallinales, reef-building corals, and other living organisms including plants, such as mangroves and animals such as shelled molluscs. The coralline red algae are major members of coral reef communities, cementing the corals together with their crusts. Among the brown algae, the order Ralfsiales comprises two families of crustose algae.

Like other barnacles, they are suspension feeders, grabbing particulate matter from the water column overhead. M. tintinnabulum has a worldwide distribution and is commonly found on wave-beaten shores, in the lower intertidal zone. They tend to grow in clusters of around 12 individuals. Other species are more select, such as M. californicus of tidal habitats in California and the greater North American Pacific Coast.

The gills are symmetrical and both well developed. These snails cling solidly with their broad muscular foot to rocky surfaces at sublittoral depths, although some species such as Haliotis cracherodii used to be common in the intertidal zone. Abalones reach maturity at a relatively small size. Their fecundity is high and increases with their size (from 10,000 to 11 million eggs at a time).

Epiactis thompsoni exhibit internal brooding which is when the offspring remain within the gastrovascular cavity. Internal brooding is beneficial in the harsh intertidal zone and is a means of reducing dispersal. Some offspring in the broods of Epiactis thompsoni are born with multiple oral disks and tentacular crowns. This is thought to be due to the process of fusion of two or more embryos.

The burrowing anemone prefers sandy, shelly, muddy, or cobbled bottoms which are loose enough for the animal to bury itself. It must have something solid, such as a rock, at the bottom of the loose layer to anchor its column. This species has been documented inhabiting holes bored by clams. It is a shallow water anemone, living in the intertidal zone down to a depth of .

Mensink, B.P., Everaarts, J.M., Kralt, H., ten Hallers-Tjabbes, C.C., & Boon, J.P. (1996) Tributyltin exposure in early life stages induces the development of male sexual characteristics in the common whelk, Buccinum undatum. 42: 1-4. pp. 151-154. Marine Environmental Research. Common whelk egg cases can be found washed up on the intertidal zone of beaches, and are colloquially known as sea wash balls.

O. savignyi has a near cosmopolitan distribution in warm seas. It is present in the western Indo-Pacific region, the eastern Pacific Ocean, and on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The populations in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans were only united when the Panama Canal was cut across the Isthmus of Panama in 1914. This brittle star occurs from the intertidal zone down to about .

Chocolate clams are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Ojo de Liebre Lagoon in Baja California south to Mancora, Peru, and in the Gulf of California. This species is also found in the Galapagos Islands. These clams live buried in sandy sediments from the intertidal zone to deep. In a study performed in Magdelena Bay, the average density was 2.01 individuals per square meter.

The Naaz islands (also Naz islands, in Persian: ) are two tidal islands in the Persian gulf, on the shore of Qeshm Island. At low tide, the intertidal zone of Qeshm connects the islands to the shore and at high tide the littoral zone is submerged and two hills become islands. Naaz islands are a tourist attractions of Qeshm Island and the south of Iran.

H. planktophilus has been found at two locations in Barklay Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada. It lives in burrows in the sand either in the intertidal zone or below low water mark. It favours areas with a high concentration of calcium carbonate provided by mollusc shell fragments, barnacle plates, foraminifera and other invertebrate debris. It is photo-negative and avoids emerging on the sea floor.

Eurydice pulchra, the speckled sea louse, is a species of isopod crustacean found in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The generic name is for the nymph Eurydice of Greek mythology; the specific name means beautiful in Latin. The range of the species extends from Norway to the Atlantic coast of Morocco, but not into the Mediterranean Sea. It lives in the intertidal zone on sandy shores.

M. manhattensis can live from the intertidal zone to a depth of 300 feet. They can attach to solid organisms or even rocks, pilings, buoys, or sand. The sea squirts can also live in a temperature range of about 50 °F to about 80 °F. They can live in water with a salinity of 33.270 to 36.231 PSS, with oxygen concentrations between 3.960 and 6.328 ml/l.

Philine auriformis is a species of sea snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Philinidae, the headshield slugs. Philine auriformis (commonly known as the New Zealand sea slug) eats small clams and worms. This species can grow to be as big as 70 mm but are usually 35 mm in adult size. They live on muddy bottoms in the intertidal zone of bays and estuaries.

Mytilida is an order of marine bivalve molluscs, commonly known as true mussels. There is one extant superfamily, the Mytiloidea, with a single extant family, the Mytilidae. Species in the order Mytilida are found worldwide, but they are more abundant in colder seas, where they often form uninterrupted beds on rocky shores in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal. The subfamily Bathymodiolinae is found in deep-sea habitats.

Astrostole scabra, commonly called the seven-armed starfish, is a sea star in the family Asteriidae, native to New Zealand, eastern Australia and southern Australia. A frequent inhabitant of the intertidal zone also seen attached to wharf piles, it is among the larger sea-stars found in New Zealand. Adults often pray on mussels, forcing the shells open by applying pressure for long periods with the tube feet.

Linckia columbiae is found in the East Pacific where it ranges from San Pedro, California (USA) and the Gulf of California (Mexico) to northwest Peru. It is also found at offshore East Pacific islands such as the Galápagos, Clarion Island and Cocos Island. It is found on rocks in the intertidal zone at depths down to about 150 m (500 ft).Linckia columbiae Charles Darwin Foundation: Galapagos Species Checklist.

Some damage was recorded to Port Villa's harbours intertidal zone, as the system passed about to the southeast of the city. Between 19–24 January, Rewa's remnants, a slow moving weather front over Fiordland and a southerly brought widespread rainfall and flooding to New Zealand's South Island. In Westland, Fiordland and the Southern Lakes, landslides and flooding occurred on 21 January, while several roads and bridges were damaged.

The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks, and tuna live. The benthic zone consists of substrates below water where many invertebrates live. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tides; in this figure it is termed the littoral zone. Other near-shore (neritic) zones can include estuaries, salt marshes, coral reefs, lagoons and mangrove swamps.

Kalang River at Urunga, NSW, Australia Australia has approximately 11,500 km2 of mangroves, primarily on the northern and eastern coasts of the continent. Areas where mangroves occur include the intertidal zone of tropical, subtropical and protected temperate coastal rivers, estuaries, bays and marine shorelines. Less than 1% of Australia's total forest area is mangrove forest. Although mangroves are typically found in tropical and subtropical tidal areas,Mangal (Mangrove).

In tropical areas, this may include the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans), the mangrove fern (Acrostichum speciosum), and orchids which grow as epiphytes on the trunks and branches of mangrove trees. Other plants found in association with mangroves include the mangrove lily (Crinum pedunculatum). Mangrove forests share the high intertidal zone niche with coastal or intertidal saltmarshes; plant communities dominated by salt-resistant or salt-tolerant herbs and low shrubs.

However, the Petaluma River which flows into San Pablo Bay, is navigable up to the city of Petaluma. The Petaluma River, Tolay Creek, and Sonoma Creek enter the bay at the county's southernmost tip. The intertidal zone where they join the bay is the vast Napa Sonoma Marsh. Americano Creek, the Petaluma River, Tolay Creek, and Sonoma Creek are the principal streams draining the southern portion of the county.

Echiurus Echiurus echiurus has a holarctic distribution, extending southwards in the Atlantic Ocean as far as the North Sea and the Kattegat, burrowing into soft sediment, often at considerable depths. A subspecies Echiurus echiurus alaskanus occurs in southeastern Alaska, its range extending from Point Barrow, Alaska to Puget Sound, Washington. This subspecies inhabits muddy deposits that accumulate around boulders and pebbles in the lower intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone.

Clibanarius vittatus is found in shallow parts of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the western Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from Virginia in the eastern United States southwards as far as Brazil. It is plentiful in the Indian River Lagoon in Florida. It is more resistant to desiccation than many hermit crabs and is found in the intertidal zone as well as at depths down to about .

Oyster farming (seen here in Willapa Bay, Washington in 1969) is adversely affected by N. californiensis. Both Neotrypaea californiensis and the mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis live in mudflats and sandy substrates in the intertidal zone of estuaries in western North America. N. californiensis is found from Mutiny Bay, Alaska to Punta Abreojos, Mulegé, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Its habitat is also used for the aquaculture of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

This species occurs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Canada to Baja California, Mexico. Crepidula is usually found in semi-permanent stacks of 2 Crepidula adunca individuals (usually more females than males). They do not reproduce well in the mid-intertidal zone, (20-30 meters). They live in epizootic associations, where the adults are inactive and the C. adunca’s shell grows to fit the shape of its host's shell.

Aiteng ater is an amphibious species which lives in mangrove forests in the intertidal zone, on the mud. It lives "amphibiously", and tolerates marine to brackish waters, but there are no observations of these animals truly leaving the water. Aiteng ater feeds on insects, (is insectivorous). In the laboratory it has been observed to eat pupae of beetles (Coleoptera), pupae of Lepidoptera, imagos of mosquitos and larvae of ants.

Octopus tehuelchus is native to the subtropical southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends along the coasts of Brazil and Argentina between 30°S and 44°S, and between 50°W and 65°W. It occurs in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone, down to depths of around . It occurs over reefs and sandy seabeds, often hiding in crevices or under boulders and in empty mollusc shells.

This worm can be confused with other species, particularly the closely related Phyllodoce mucosa, so its precise range is unclear; it is present in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans, the Skagerrak and Kattegat, the western Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the English Channel. Its depth range is from the intertidal zone down to about , and it is found on sand, muddy-sand, shelly gravel and rock bottoms.

Artedius lateralis, also known as the smoothhead sculpin or round-nosed sculpin, is a species of sculpin in the family Cottidae. The species, commonly found in the intertidal zone and to depths of 43 feet, is native to the northern Pacific, from Russia and the Bering Sea to Baja California. Growing to a length of 14 centimeters, it takes its name from the lack of scales on its head.

Smaragdia souverbiana is a small (<2mm aperture) seagrass associated Nerite. Its shell is sand to green in colour, with distinctive thin black bands with embedded clear diamonds across the whorls. It is commonly found in seagrasses, where it is believed to feed directly on seagrass cells (rather than algae epiphyte like many other seagrass associated gastropods). Feces examined from specimens collected from the intertidal zone contained both seagrass and epiphyte material.

This species occurs in the western Indian Ocean, from South Africa east of Cape Agulhas to Zanzibar, and possibly as far north as Kenya. There are reports of it from Somalia, but they are unconfirmed. It is also found around Madagascar, the Seychelles, and Mauritius. It frequents estuaries and the intertidal zone to a depth of 439 m, as well as in sandy areas near deep rocky reefs.

This coincided with the completion of the construction of the overland telegraph cable from Adelaide to Darwin. The first message sent directly from London to Adelaide occurred on 22 October 1872. A second submarine cable from Java to Darwin was laid in 1880. The site in the intertidal zone where the cables come ashore in Darwin, where they are still visible during very low tides, was heritage listed in 2020.

The species in the Congrogadinae inhabit coral reefs as well as sand and mud substrates from the intertidal zone down to . They are found in the Indo-Pacific region. There is one species which lives within sponges which is found in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The subfamily is thought to have arisen in the proto Indian Ocean before Gondwanaland broke up and dispersed into the western Pacific Ocean.

Durvillaea bull kelp grow within intertidal and shallow subtidal areas, typically on rocky wave-exposed coastal sites. D. antarctica and D. poha are intertidal, whereas D. willana is subtidal (to 6 m depths). Intertidal species can grow at the uppermost limit of the intertidal zone if there is sufficient wave wash. Species can withstand a high level of disturbance from wave action, although storms can remove plants from substrates.

This rare plant, Suaeda californica, grows in a restricted area within the intertidal zone of salt marshes. It is threatened by anything that alters the hydrology of the area, such as changes in sedimentation, including dredging, erosion, and recreation. It requires a porous substrate high in nitrogen, which may come from decaying plant matter and bird droppings. Invasive plant species such as introduced ice plant threaten remaining occurrences and reintroductions.

Some true limpets live throughout the intertidal zone, from the high zone (upper littoral zone) to the shallow subtidal, but other species live in deep sea and their habitat include hydrothermal vents, whalebone (baleen), whale-fall and sulphide seeps.McLean J. H. (7 November 1990). "Neolepetopsidae, a new docoglossate limpet family from hydrothermal vents and its relevance to patellogastropod evolution". Journal of Zoology, London 222(3): 485-528, plates 1-12. .

The eulittoral zone (also called the midlittoral or mediolittoral zone) is the intertidal zone, known also as the foreshore. It extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. It is alternately exposed and submerged,once or twice daily. Organisms living here must be able to withstand the varying conditions of temperature,light, salinity etc.

The seaweed crab can be found along the coast amid rocks in tide pools and the intertidal zone. Its bathymetric range extends to 75 meters, meaning that it can be found in waters up to this depth, but it is mostly found in shallow waters. Crabs living in deeper waters usually do not show any masking behaviour. It is negatively phototactic, which means it moves away from light.

There is a question as to how it came to inhabit so many islands if it is apparently rare in the open ocean. It may have been slowly dispersed on the currents, carried in mats of algae, or transported by humans when shipping arose. It is most common in the intertidal zone and other coastal regions, where it is a member of the plankton.Montagnes, D. J. S., et al. (2011).

Ischnochiton circumvallatus is a common medium-sized species of chiton in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the southern South Island and the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand where it habits exposed rocky shores down to the low intertidal zone. Coloured light buff to light green on both surfaces, occasionally with reddish brown. Moderately raised shell and narrow girdle which has small scales. Broods larvae along the sides of the body.

Fish include sea bass, mullet, pollack, wrasse, dogfish, sea trout, flounder, plaice and ray. Shellfish found in the intertidal zone at Fahamore include mussels, limpets, periwinkles and whelks, as well as several species of crab, including shore, velvet and hermit. Lugworms are found in the sand and their casts may be seen at low tide. They are frequently dug by local anglers and used as bait for bass fishing.

Aldinga Beach is associated with two protected areas - the Aldinga Scrub Conservation Park and the Aldinga Reef Aquatic Reserve. The Aldinga Scrub Conservation Park is located within the southern extent of the suburb and on land in the adjoining suburb of Sellicks Beach. The Aldinga Reef aquatic reserve is located immediately offshore of both Aldinga Beach and Port Willunga and includes land within the intertidal zone of both suburbs.

The species is native to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from Maine to Nova Scotia. It is also present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, in Padilla Bay and Willapa Bay in Washington state, where it is thought to have been introduced with a consignment of oysters from the east coast. It is typically found burrowing in mud, mostly in the intertidal zone, but also subtidally down to about .

Horseshoe crabs are marine and brackish water arthropods of the family Limulidae, suborder Xiphosurida, and order Xiphosura. Their popular name is a misnomer, as they are not true crabs, nor even crustaceans, as crabs are, but a different order of arthropod. Horseshoe crabs live primarily in and around shallow coastal waters on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. They tend to spawn in the intertidal zone at spring high tides.

S. squamata is found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It digs a burrow in the sediment in the lower parts of the shore and the shallow sublittoral. Typically it chooses sandy beaches in the intertidal zone and sandy and silty sediments in subtidal flats. It tolerates low salinity levels and is often found in estuaries.

They differ from most bivalves by having shells completely made up of calcite, but with internal muscle scars of aragonitic composition. They fare best in somewhat oligotrophic water. They brood their fertilized eggs for various proportions of the period from fertilization to hatching. Members of genera Saccostrea, Magallana, and Crassostrea generally live in the intertidal zone, broadcast sperm and eggs into the sea, and can thrive in eutrophic water.

Serpula columbiana has a cosmopolitan distribution in the Northern Hemisphere being present in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. In the Pacific Ocean its range extends from the Bering Strait to Japan and from Alaska to Baja California. It is found on hard substrates such as rocks, wharves, pilings and floats, from the intertidal zone down to depths of around .

They are more abundant in temperate waters in the northern hemisphere than elsewhere. The subclass Oligochaeta, which includes the earthworms as the largest members of the group, mostly live on land, burrowing in damp soil. Smaller freshwater species burrow in mud or live among aquatic vegetation. The marine species are mostly tiny and live in the interstices between sand grains, from the intertidal zone to the deep sea.

David Charbonneau was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He is the son of Brian Charbonneau, a geologist, and Sylvia Charbonneau, a physician. When he was around 12 years old, he visited Pacific Rim National Park with his family, where he spent time playing in tide pools and observing the variety of organisms that lived in the intertidal zone. He credits this experience with sparking an early interest in science.

There is a marked difference in morphology between populations in the intertidal zone and those thought to be the same species living in the subtidal zone. Study of these differences led to the describing of a new species Acrocnida spatulispina by Sabine Stöhr and Delphine Muths in 2009, for the deeper water individuals. The brittle stars in the genus Acrocnida show morphological affinities with Amphiura chiajei, but less with Amphiura filiformis.

Lepidogobius lepidus, the bay goby or finescale goby, is a species of goby native to the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, Mexico where it can be found on muddy substrates from the intertidal zone to . This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus. Members of this genus have been found in Pleistocene deposits.

Balanus aquila is a species of acorn barnacle in the family Balanidae. It is found off the California coast from San Francisco to San Diego from the bottom of the intertidal zone down to depths of 18 m. It is preyed upon by fish, sea stars, and certain carnivorous snails. Fish also rub against the barnacles to clean themselves of parasites, which wears the barnacles shells to a smooth surface.

The Napa River is a river approximately long in the U.S. state of California. It drains a famous wine-growing region called the Napa Valley, in the mountains north of the San Francisco Bay. Milliken Creek and Mt. Veeder watersheds are a few of its many tributaries. The river mouth is at Vallejo, where the intertidal zone of fresh and salt waters flow into the Carquinez Strait and the San Pablo Bay.

It lives on rocky shores, in the mid intertidal zone. Many sea-stars broadcast spawn their embryos, where fertilization occurs in the water column, however Leptasterias species brood their embryos locally. The stars form mating aggregations and the female sits on her brood for a period of 6–8 weeks while the embryos develop underneath. Eventually the embryos fully metamorphose into juvenile sea-stars and walk away, and thus can only locally disperse.

At that point, Hillenburg had not even considered creating his own series. However, he realized that if he ever did, this would be the best approach. He began to develop some of the characters from The Intertidal Zone, including the comic's "announcer", Bob the Sponge. He wanted his series to stand out from most popular cartoons of the time, which he felt were exemplified by buddy comedies like The Ren & Stimpy Show.

Stephen Hillenburg first became fascinated with the ocean and began developing his artistic abilities as a child. During college, he majored in marine biology and minored in art. After graduating in 1984, he joined the Ocean Institute, an ocean education organization, where he had the idea to create a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which led to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants. In 1987, Hillenburg left the Institute to pursue a career in animation.

A whole animal of the brachiopod Lingula anatina from Australia with the shell showing on the left The brachiopods, or lamp shells, superficially resemble clams, but the phylum is not closely related to mollusks. Most lines of brachiopods ended during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, and their ecological niche was filled by bivalves. A few of the remaining species of brachiopods occur in the low intertidal zone and thus can be found live by beachcombers.

Acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula) are one of the most common barnacle species on the Pacific coast of North America, distributed from the U.S. state of Alaska to Bahía de San Quintín near San Quintín, Baja California. They are commonly found in the upper intertidal zone on mussels, rocks and pier pilings. They can obtain oxygen from both water and air. The acorn barnacle is a moderate-sized barnacle with a diameter of up to .

They are either found subtidally in bays or open coastal areas or in the low intertidal zone on sandy on the Northeast Pacific coast. It can live at a depth of 40 to 90 meters, but usually is found in more shallow areas. Sand dollars are usually crowded together over an area half buried in the sand. As many as 625 sand dollars can live in one square yard (0.85 sq m).

The Australian blacktip shark (Carcharhinus tilstoni) is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, endemic to northern and eastern Australia. Favoring the upper and middle parts of the water column, it can be found from the intertidal zone to a depth of . Appearance-wise this species is virtually identical to the common blacktip shark (C. limbatus), from which it can be reliably distinguished only by its lower vertebra number and by genetic markers.

Mudflats and marshes afford birds a safe and undisturbed location for feeding, resting and breeding. There are also a variety of insects, marine organisms and small mammals that find habitat on this island. Many grasses and wildflowers populate the upland portion of the island, in addition to marsh grasses in the intertidal zone. Besides the indigenous wildlife there are sheep which are grazed on the island and along part of the causeway.

Troubridge Island is located approximately southeast by east of the town of Edithburgh near the eastern edge of the Troubridge Shoals. It is a ‘crest of sand’ which is permanently above high tide and which is stabilised by the presence of vegetation. At high water, the Island had an area of and a height of as of 1996. At low water, its intertidal zone extends for at least from its high water mark.

Two black abalone shells in a tide pool at low tide Black abalones cling to rocky surfaces in the low intertidal zone, up to 6 m deep. They can typically be found wedged into crevices, cracks, and holes during low tide. They generally occur in areas of moderate to high surf. Juveniles tend to reside in crevices to reduce their risk of predation, but the larger adults will move out onto rock surfaces.

It occurs among salt- crusts in several dry or intermittent lake-beds, and from a small island in the Gulf of California. All specimens were collected during March and April near salt springs, salt water, or salt marshes. Its colulus is similar to that of two genera of intertidal zone spiders of the family Desidae, Paratheuma and Desis. Genetic evidence suggests it is closely related to Paratheuma and the fully aquatic species Argyroneta aquatica.

Midshipman fish belong to the genus Porichthys of toadfishes. They are distinguished by having photophores (which they use to attract prey and after which they are named, reminding some of a naval uniform's buttons) and four lateral lines. Typical midshipman fishes, such as the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), are nocturnal and bury themselves in sand or mud in the intertidal zone during the day. At night they float just above the seabed.

Climping Beach is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Littlehampton in West Sussex. The eastern half is designated a Local Nature Reserve called West Beach. This stretch of shoreline has sand dunes at the back with a vegetated shingle beach, which is a nationally uncommon habitat, in front. The intertidal zone has soft muds and sands with many invertebrates, which are an important source of food for wintering birds, especially sanderling.

Pyropia species, which reside in the upper intertidal zone, endure many stresses, including intense direct light, temperature fluctuation, osmotic stress, salinity fluctuation, and desiccation. They are especially able to handle heat stress; some Pyropia species will halt metabolic systems that are not essential to homeostasis, such as photosynthesis. Other species will use increased lipid production to fight desiccation. The ability of Pyropia species to adapt to deal with these stresses makes them heavily studied organisms.

Gulf ghost crabs live in burrows near the intertidal zone of open sandy beaches and on sand and silt banks near where river mouths empty into the sea. Larger individuals usually have burrows further up the shore, while smaller individuals are closer to the waves. They are nocturnal, emerging from their burrows just after sunset. They are fast-moving generalist scavengers and predators, usually feeding on decaying bodies of fish and other crustaceans.

This dog winkle is native to the Pacific coasts of North America. Its range extends from the Aleutian Islands off Alaska to San Luis Obispo County, California, but it is uncommon to the north of Puget Sound or to the south of San Francisco Bay. It is found on both exposed and sheltered rocks in the intertidal zone and is particularly common in wave-exposed areas of the Olympic Peninsula and near mussel beds.

On the other hand, the river bed at the estuary of the Qiantang river is wide and shallow, forming a broad intertidal zone. Under the influence of seasonal runoff and tidal fluctuation, the riverbed is easy to produce violent deformation. In autumn, due to the strong tide, the main trough oscillates along the direction of the rising tide crest. In the season of abundant runoff, the main trough swings along the direction of ebb tide.

Desis is a genus of intertidal spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1837. It is found in Australasia, the Pacific, Japan, eastern and southern Africa, and India. They are truly marine spiders, living in the intertidal zone and only emerging at night on the ebb tide to hunt for invertebrates and small fish. In the day and during high tides, they hide in an air chamber sealed with silk.

Dialommus fuscus, the Galápagos four-eyed blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny endemic to the coasts of the Galapagos Islands. It inhabits the intertidal zone where it lives in tide pools as well as traveling on land. Special adaptations of the corneas of the eye and the gill filaments allow this species to travel up to from the ocean in search of prey items such as insects and shore-dwelling crabs.

These snails cling solidly with their broad, muscular foot to rocky surfaces at sublittoral depths, although some species such as Haliotis cracherodii used to be common in the intertidal zone. Abalones reach maturity at a relatively small size. Their fecundity is high and increases with their size, laying from 10,000 to 11 million eggs at a time. The spermatozoa are filiform and pointed at one end, and the anterior end is a rounded head.

Thus, it cannot be completely ruled out that like some congeners they had partially white or grey plumage (see also Pied raven). Remains of Chatham ravens are most common in coastal sites on the Chatham Islands. On the coast, it may have frequented the seal and penguin colonies or fed in the intertidal zone, as does the Tasmanian forest raven (C. tasmanicus). It may also have depended on fruit, like the New Caledonian crow (C.

Evolution from its origin has resulted in a successful and diverse group: pectinids are present in the world's seas, found in environments ranging from the intertidal zone to the hadal depths. The Pectinidae play an extremely important role in many benthic communities and exhibit a wide range of shell shape, sizes, sculpture, and culture. Raines and Poppe listed nearly 900 species names of scallops, but most of these are considered either questionable or invalid.

C. major s.l. occurs in open, dissipative and flat sandy beaches, mostly in deep galleries in the intertidal zone, but also in shallow subtidal depths of 2–3 m. It has a very large geographic distribution across Pan-American coastlines. In the Atlantic coastline, the distribution occurs from North Carolina to Santa Catarina, although with a large hiatus from Southern Texas to Pará, being therein only sporadically found in Colombia and Venezuela.

They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates. Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths.

The intertidal zone is also home to several species from different phyla (Porifera, Annelida, Coelenterata, Mollusca, Arthropoda, etc.). Water is available regularly with the tides, but varies from fresh with rain to highly saline and dry salt, with drying between tidal inundations. Wave splash can dislodge residents from the littoral zone. With the intertidal zone's high exposure to sunlight, the temperature can range from very hot with full sunshine to near freezing in colder climates.

A bottom-dwelling inhabitant of inshore waters, the diamond stingray favors sandy or muddy bottoms, often near rocky reefs or kelp forests. Off southern California, it usually occurs from the intertidal zone to a depth of during the summer, shifting to depths of during late fall and winter. For unknown reasons, it prefers to overwinter in kelp forests rather than sandy flats. Off Chile, the diamond stingray occurs at a similar depth of .

Water Beetles (Dytiscidae). a, Beetle (Cybister sp.); b, head of beetle with feelers and gunts (Agabus); c, larva (Larva of Dytiscus, Water Beetle); d, pupa (Pupa of Dytiscus). A water beetle is a generalized name for any beetle that is adapted to living in water at any point in its life cycle. Most water beetles can only live in fresh water, with a few marine species that live in the intertidal zone or littoral zone.

The Ecology of Rocky Shores. The English Universities Press Ltd. Macroalgae and macroalgal detritus have also been shown to be an important food source for benthic organisms, because macroalgae shed old fronds.. These macroalgal fronds tend to be utilized by benthos in the intertidal zone close to the shore. Alternatively, pneumatocysts (gas filled “bubbles”) can keep the macroalgae thallus afloat fronds are transported by wind and currents from the coast into the deep ocean.

Retrieved on 29 September 2008. It is predominantly influenced by the sea, though several rivers drain into the bay from the west. In the northwest corner of the bay, the Castletown River cuts through the intertidal zone and the smaller River Fane flows into the southeast corner. While the shores of the bay are largely made up of intertidal flats, there is a significant area of salt marsh on the western shore.

It is the largest genus within class Kinorhyncha. It is a highly diverse genus, with member species that inhabit "most marine benthic substrates, on latitudes ranging from the Arctic to the tropics, and from the intertidal zone down to the deep sea." Species on the east coasts of North and South America have been extensively studied by Robert P. Higgins. Species in east Asia have been extensively studied by A. V. Adrianov.

The subtidal zone is the shallow, near-shore area below the intertidal zone, the land between the high and low tide marks. Subtidal is permanently inundated, except for rare lowest low tide events. There are four tidal basins created for the restoration of wetland: Forrestal Pond, Case Road Pond, 7th Street Pond, and Perimeter Pond, which are currently supporting the subtidal habitat in the Refuge. Tidal water from Anaheim Bay supports the ponds.

L. pictus is found in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean at depths down to about . Its range extends from central California southwards to Ecuador. In California it tends to inhabit the middle and lower intertidal zone but in the northern part of the Gulf of California it mainly inhabits the subtidal zone. These sea urchins tend to form dense aggregations at the edge of, or inside, the kelp beds that line this coast.

This genus occurs in the temperate and tropical Indo-Pacific oceans, Hawaii (where they are known as ‘opihi and considered a delicacy) and around Australia and New Zealand. Species are also found around the coasts of Japan, the Red Sea, Mauritius, Madagascar, South Africa and the sub- Antartarctic Islands. One species, Cellana radiata, is cosmopolitan. These sea snails feed by grazing on green macroalgae growing on rocky substrate in the intertidal zone.

Brachidontes pharaonis is found on rocky substrates and man made structures in the intertidal zone. They appear to be able to tolerate wide temperature variations in their invasive Mediterranean range, but low winter temperatures may inhibit their physiology. In the cooler waters of the western Mediterranean, B. pharaonis is restricted to habitats with higher temperatures and salinities, where it establishes dense mussel beds on hard substrates, especially where it is sheltered from waves.

Three areas of land are protected for their ecological or geological interest as Sites of Special Interest (SSI). Jersey has four designated Ramsar sites: Les Pierres de Lecq, Les Minquiers, Les Écréhous and Les Dirouilles and the south east coast of Jersey (a large area of intertidal zone). Jersey is the home of the Jersey Zoo (formerly known as the Durrell Wildlife Park) founded by the naturalist, zookeeper and author Gerald Durrell.

Palinurus elephas is a common genus species of spiny lobster, found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from southern Norway to Morocco and the Azores, and in the Mediterranean Sea, except its eastern extremes. It lives on rocky exposed coasts below the intertidal zone, mainly at depths of . It is named after the ancient Roman Tyrrhenian sea port of Palinurus (modern day Palinuro, Salerno, Italy) where they are found in abundance off its promontory.

The goals of beach tags, or tokens, are to either restrict the beach to only community members, or to generate user fees for lifeguards and maintenance (e.g., trash removal). On the Jersey Shore, beach tags are controversial because the public trust doctrine generally gives the public the right to access the intertidal zone,Polis, Robert and McRae, Leslie. Back to the Beach: Bob Polis looks at surprising issues for beachgoers and beach property owners , December 1, 2005.

D. pedunculatus usually lives on coral reefs and in the intertidal zone, at depths of . It usually carries sea anemones on its shell, which it uses to protect itself from its main predator, cephalopods of the genus Octopus. The anemones are collected at night, and comprises the crab stroking and tapping the anemone until it loosens its grip on the substrate, at which point it is moved onto the gastropod shell that the hermit crab inhabits.

The northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus) is a species of saltwater fish. It is a member of the family Gobiesocidae of order Gobiesociformes. It is native to the Pacific coast of North America from Revillagigedo Island and Baja California north to southeastern Alaska. It is commonly found in the intertidal zone clinging to the underside of rocks by small hairs akin to those on a gecko's feet on the basal portions of the pelvic and pectoral fins.

While Hillenburg was there, his love of the ocean began to influence his artistry. He created a precursor to SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone used by the institute to teach visiting students about the animal life of tide pools. The comic starred various anthropomorphic sea lifeforms, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters. Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies he sent it to were interested.

One observed population has a black animal and lives on or under mud in the upper intertidal zone, leaving the sea at night to hunt worms among the roots of vegetation on the foreshore. It has a thick robust periostracum which may be "sunburned". The other population personally collected by Louis Pisani Burnay and others lives in deeper water usually under stones and has a light red animal. The periostracum is brown with transverse spirals of short hairs.

Montagu's seasnail (Liparis montagui) is a marine fish of the seasnail family (Liparidae). It inhabits the northeastern Atlantic, mainly around the British Isles, the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, southern Iceland and as far north as the Barents Sea. It is a small (maximum 12 cm), demersal fish, usually living between from the intertidal zone to 30 metres deep, where it hides under stones or algae. It mainly feeds on small invertebrates, such as small crabs, shrimp and amphipods.

The formation's sequence stratigraphy is detailed in a journal article by Myrow and Hiscott. The formation starts in an intertidal zone, then, as the Cambrian progresses, becomes deeper water (outer shelf) as a general trend. The Chapel Island Formation lies on top of the Rencontre Formation and below the Random Formation. It is thick in Fortune Bay as a fault-bounded basin, consisting of grey-green siltstones and sandstones, with minor limestone beds near its top.

Allopetrolisthes spinifrons is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from Isla San Lorenzo, Peru to San Vicente, Chile, at depths of up to . A. spinifrons lives symbiotically on the sea anemone Phymactis papillosa, chiefly in the lower intertidal zone. In common with other porcelain crabs, A. spinifrons is a filter feeder, but will also feed on faeces and mucus produced by the sea anemone. The porcelain crab benefits from the protection afforded by the sea anemone's stinging cells.

Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, which Hillenburg directed. The pilot episode first aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999. The show's twelfth and current season premiered in 2018, and episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants have aired.

Salt marsh during low tide, mean low tide, high tide and very high tide (spring tide). A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs.Adam, P (1990).

Pugettia gracilis is native to the west coast of North America, its range extending from the Aleutian Islands, off the coast of Alaska, to Monterey Bay in California. Its typical habitat is among the fronds of kelp, or among the stems of eelgrass, both on exposed coasts and in more sheltered locations. It can occur on pilings, even when there is strong water movement. Its depth range is from the low intertidal zone down to about .

In 1921, Andreas Busch from Nordstrand discovered remnants of canal locks in the intertidal zone () around Südfall. He mapped the area and discovered numerous traces of the area's former inhabitants, such as wells, fields, paths, and graves. Based on these findings, it was determined that Rungholt was situated near present-day Südfall prior to its destruction in 1362. Since 1960, the number of times per year that the island has flooded has increased from around 30 to nearly 70.

A dense colony of phoronids Phoronids live in all the oceans and seas including the Arctic and excepting the Antarctic Ocean, and appear between the intertidal zone and about 400 meters down. Some occur separately, in vertical tubes embedded in soft sediment such as sand, mud, or fine gravel. Others form tangled masses of many individuals buried in or encrusting rocks and shells. In some habitats populations of phoronids reach tens of thousand of individuals per square meter.

As of 2011, there were 237 commercial sites operating on of privately owned properties (including those leased from other private owners). Commercial geoduck aquaculture has been primarily undertaken within the intertidal zone. British Columbia Commercial harvesting of wild geoducks began in 1976. In the early 1990s, the cultivation method developed in Washington was adopted in British Columbia by Fan Seafoods Ltd and the Underwater Harvesters Association (UHA), a group of 55 licence holders for geoduck and horse clam fishery.

As a result, he decided to focus on one main character: the weirdest sea creature that he could think of. This led him to the sponge: "I wanted to do a show about a character that was an innocent, and so I focused on a sea sponge because it's a funny animal, a strange one." In 1994, Hillenburg began to further develop some characters from The Intertidal Zone, including Bob the Sponge. Bob the Sponge is the comic's "announcer".

The holotype for this species was collected intertidally at the docking area for the Charles Darwin Research Station, , Galapagos Islands in 1964. Seven paratype specimens were collected from the intertidal zone down to 10 m depth in 1971 and 1972 from Santa Cruz Island, Jervis Island and Isabella Island. The 1971 specimens were collected by the Ameripagos expedition which carried out the first investigations into the nudibranchs of the Galapagos Islands.Sphon, G. G.; D. K. Mulliner, 1972.

They are found in all regions of the ocean, from the intertidal zone to the deep sea, and are especially abundant in shallow water. They are found in a range of habitats, moving actively on rock and sandy substrates, hiding in crevices and among seaweeds, and climbing on sponges, corals, hydrozoans, seagrasses and mangroves. They are generalist feeders. One species in the family, Syllis ramosa, was the first polychaete discovered to have a branching body plan.

The green snakelock anemone is found in shallow seas around the west, south, and east coasts of Australia, Tasmania and both islands of New Zealand. It is found in the intertidal zone in rock pools, under overhangs, between boulders, and in crevices. The base is firmly attached to a rocky substrate even when the anemone is in a rock pool and appears to be immersed in sand. It is often found growing close to the sand anemone.

Trinorfolkia cristata, known commonly as the crested triplefin or crested threefin, is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Trinorfolkia. It was described by Rudie Kuiter in 1986. This species is endemic to the coasts of South Australia from Sceale Bay to Victor Harbor, including Kangaroo Island. It is found in rocky reefs from the intertidal zone to a depth of , among boulders, on vertical rock walls and on man-made structures such as piers and jetties.

S. balanoides is found in the intertidal zone in the world's northern oceans. Its distribution is limited in the north by the extent of the pack-ice and in the south by increasing temperature which prevents maturation of gametes. The mean monthly temperature of the sea must drop below for it to breed. In Europe, S. balanoides is found on Svalbard and from Finnmark to north-west Spain but excluding part of the Bay of Biscay.

Occurring in the intertidal zone to a depth of 50 m, this species has a carapace of about 15 cm, indistinctly rugose on the anterior half, with wavy lines edging the posterior. It is active during the night hours, and is able, when threatened, to swiftly burrow beneath the sand. It feeds mainly on mollusks such as clams, steadying them with its legs and then, using its pincers, either prising the valves apart or breaking them.

Fissurella volcano, commonly named the volcano limpet or volcano keyhole limpet, is a species of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets. Like other members of the keyhole limpet family, the volcano limpet is not considered a "true" limpet. This species occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, where it is found in the intertidal zone on the underside of rocks. The distribution is California and Baja California.

Mytilidae Rafinesque, 1815 World Register of Marine Species Species in the family Mytilidae are found worldwide, but they are more abundant in colder seas, where they often form uninterrupted beds on rocky shores in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal. The subfamily Bathymodiolinae is found in deep-sea habitats. Mytilids include the well-known edible sea mussels. A common feature of the shells of mussels is an asymmetrical shell which has a thick, adherent periostracum.

Aspidosiphon muelleri occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean, its range extending from the Shetland Islands to West Africa. It is also found in scattered locations in the Indo-Pacific. Its depth range is from the lower part of the intertidal zone down to about . It often occupies empty gastropod or tusk shells, or resides in serpulid tubes, holes or crevices, or among the branches of coralline algae or the deepwater coral Lophelia pertusa.

Opifex fuscus, known commonly as the saltpool mosquito or by its Māori name naeroa, is an endemic mosquito that is widespread along the coast of New Zealand. It lives and breeds in a coastal environment. This is a unique behaviour for mosquitoes as globally just 5% of the group breed on the rocky shore. Adults of the species are found throughout the intertidal zone while its larvae and pupae can be found in rock pools just above high tide.

Among the most abundant representatives of its family within its range, the lobed stingaree is found along a short stretch of the southwest Australian coast from Esperance to Rottnest Island. This bottom-dwelling species favors sandy flats and seagrass beds, from the intertidal zone to a depth of . In the southern portion of its range, it tends to be found relatively far from shore. Individuals of different ages and sexes are not segregated from each other.

Nudibranchs live at virtually all depths, from the intertidal zone to depths well over . The greatest diversity of nudibranchs is seen in warm, shallow reefs, although a new nudibranch species was discovered at a depth near . Nudibranchs are benthic animals, found crawling over the substrate. The only exceptions to this are the neustonic Glaucus nudibranchs, which float upside down just under the ocean's surface; the pelagic nudibranchs Cephalopyge trematoides, which swim in the water column;G.

T. pictus inhabits the sandy intertidal zone; during the day, they hide in temporary sand burrows or under kelp and beach debris with a preference to inhabit the wettest and softest sand available. At night they emerge and move to the high tide level to find prey. Individuals switch between inactive ambush predation and active foraging for their prey, which consists mostly of beach hoppers (Amphipoda). They have also been observed eating beach flies, isopods, and other T. pictus.

Hangman Island, also known as Hayman's Island, is an island in the Quincy Bay area of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The island is a barren outcrop of bedrock, with a permanent size of half an acre rising to only three feet above sea level, plus an intertidal zone of a further . Access is by private boat only. On a 1775, London chart, this island was labeled Hayman's Island and shows a greater area than presently exists.

Andamia amphibius is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western central Pacific Ocean, it is found in intertidal zone on exposed rocky shores of the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to a depth of . It can breathe air and will move between rock pools at low tide. It is herbivorous. It lays adhesive eggs which are attached to the rocks with a filament while the larvae are planktonic and are frequently encountered in shallow water.

After their leader is shot down in a dogfight, one of the pilots, Farrier, assumes command, but the other Spitfire is hit and ditches. Its pilot, Collins, is rescued by Moonstone. Tommy, Alex and Gibson join some soldiers of a Highlanders regiment and hide inside a beached trawler in the intertidal zone outside the Allied perimeter, waiting for the rising tide to refloat it. German troops shoot at the boat, and water enters through the bullet holes.

It is during this time that the larvae, now brachiolaria, enters the benthic phase of life. The brachiolaria will settle exclusively on the red algae Mesophyllum insigne, their only source of food until they mature. M. insigne can be found growing on both boulders and reefs located in the lower intertidal zone and subtidal zone. Both M. insigne and the juvenile starfish are limited to the lower levels of the ecosystems as they have low tolerances for desiccation.

Ringstead Bay has a pebble and shingle beach with some sand. There are offshore reefs approximately in length at the western end opposite the village that are uncovered at low tide. This forms is intertidal zone between the low cliffs to the north and the English Channel to the south. The original medieval village and church at Ringstead, located in a field to the east of the current settlement and mentioned in the Domesday Book, no longer exists.

Capitulum mitella occurs in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. It is found attached to rocks in the lower part of the intertidal zone in areas with strong currents. It typically occurs crowded with others in cracks and grooves on otherwise smooth rocky surfaces. The barnacle Tetraclita squamosa often occurs in the same locations and grows alongside it, and the primitive barnacle Ibla cumingi may grow in between or on the larger capitulum plates.

The distribution of Chiton magnificus ranges along the Pacific coast of South America from Concepción Province (Punta Tumbes) in Chile to Talara in Peru. Although there are old claimed records of this species from the Galápagos Islands, these are considered incorrect. It lives at depths of in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, with the vast majority of individuals found in the lower intertidal zone. It inhabits rocky coasts in areas that often have heavy surf.

The ocellated electric ray is common in the tropical coastal waters of the eastern Pacific. Its range extends as far north as the Gulf of California and Bahía San Juanico in Baja California Sur, and as far south as Ecuador. A bottom-dwelling species, it has been recorded from the intertidal zone to a depth of . The favored habitat of this ray is sandy bays, though it can also be found over rubble bottoms, rocky terrain, and rhodolith beds.

Chitonotus pugetensis, the Roughback sculpin, is a species of sculpin occurring in the eastern Pacific Ocean from British Columbia, Canada (and possibly north to southern Alaska) to southern Baja California, Mexico. This species can be found on sandy or muddy bottoms from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It is a species that is commonly displayed in public aquariums. This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

Especially, the carbonate materials originated from organisms make up from 60-65% sedimentary content. The surface sediments of coral reefs are mainly sand and pebbles of which the carbonate materials occupy for more than 90%. The intertidal zone sediments are various from clay mud to sand and gravel depending to distinguished sedimentary environments such as mangrove marshes, tidal flats, beaches etc. At the small, but wonderfully beautiful beaches, the sand sediments may be dominated quartz or carbonate materials.

Calliactis parasitica is a species of sea anemone associated with hermit crabs. It lives in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea at depths between the intertidal zone and . It is up to in size, with up to 700 tentacles, and is very variable in colour. The relationship between C. parasitica and the hermit crab is mutualistic: the sea anemone protects the hermit crab with its stings, and benefits from the food thrown up by the hermit crab's movements.

Clanculus is an old genus. Fossils found in Italy date from the Pliocene (C. corallinus, C. elevatus, C. bonfittoi, C. jussieui) The distribution of this genus is worldwide, individuals of some species sometimes occur in great numbers, from the intertidal zone up to depths of 200 m. Many species can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Japan, South Africa, Zanzibar, Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, West Africa, Angola, North Africa and Europe.

Ophiogobius jenynsi is a species of ray-finned fish from the biology Gobiidae, the true gobies. It is a demersal, marine species which is found off the coast of Chile in the intertidal zone. It feeds mainly on crustaceans. This species was originally named as Gobius ophicephalus by Leonard Jenyns in 1842, subsequently misspelt as ophiocephalus, but this name was preoccupied by Pallas's 1811 Gobius ophiocephalus, Hoese renamed the species in honour of Jenyns in 1976.

The gunnels are a family, Pholidae, of marine fishes in the order Perciformes. They are elongated, somewhat eel-like fishes that range from the intertidal zone to depths of , though the majority are found in shallow waters. Most are restricted to the North Pacific, ranging as far south as Baja California and East China. The only exceptions are Pholis gunnellus from the North Atlantic, and P. fasciata from the Arctic Sea, North Atlantic and North Pacific.

The range of the tasselled wobbegong encompasses the continental shelf of northern Australia from Ningaloo Reef in the west to Bundaberg in the east, as well as New Guinea, Waigeo, and the Aru Islands. Additional records from Malaysia are unconfirmed. This common bottom-dweller inhabits coral reefs, perhaps exclusively, in both inshore and offshore waters from the intertidal zone to around deep. It is most often encountered in reef channels and faces, or atop coral heads.

Mussels are farmed in North wales around the Menai Strait and Conwy. Small mussel farming also takes place on the coast of South Wales. Around the Menai Strait, the mussel farmers use boats to capture young mussels and they site them in the intertidal zone which dries out at low tide. This prompts hard shell growth, and as they get bigger, they are moved further offshore until they are submerged all the time which prompts body mass build-up.

P. chilensis occurs in the rocky intertidal zone in temperate seas off the coast of Chile. It is mainly present in the lower algal zone, dominated by the kelps Lessonia nigrescens and Durvillaea antarctica and various encrusting coralline algae. Echinoids occurring in this zone include Loxechinus albus and Tetrapygus niger, and starfish include Stichaster striatus, Meyenaster gelatinosus and the dominant Heliaster helianthus. These starfish are the dominant carnivores in this zone and seem to play an important role in maintaining the community structure.

Georges Island is one of the islands in the Boston Harbor, situated just over from downtown Boston. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further , and rises to a height of above sea level. Historic Fort Warren is on the island. Because of this, and since a ferry operates from Boston to the island, it is a popular destination and one of the easiest islands to access in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.

This limpet is restricted to the Mediterranean Sea. In the past it had a wide range in the western Mediterranean, as evidenced by large shell middens formed by Paleolithic and Neolithic hunter gatherers. It is now limited to a few locations in northwestern Africa, one of which is the Al Hoceima National Park, as well as a few scattered locations in southern Spain, Sardinia and Corsica, and some islets in the central Mediterranean. It lives on rocky surfaces in the intertidal zone.

The Intertidal Zone has upside-down jellyfish, Oriental sweetlips, archerfish, starfish, and sea urchins, as well as the Coastal Touch Tank, where guests can interact with horseshoe crabs, slipper lobsters, sea urchins, sea stars, hermit crabs, and many more animals. The Shore Zone displays spiny lobsters, hermit crabs, and batfish. The Near Shore Zone houses Giant Pacific Octopus, wolf eel, jewel moray eel, garden eel, angelfish, and hawksbill sea turtles. The Offshore Zone features unusual-looking animals such as lionfish and Pharaoh Cuttlefish.

Most characters are anthropomorphic sea creatures based on real-life species. Many of the characters' designs originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in 1989. SpongeBob SquarePants features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan. Most one-off and background characters are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, Sirena Irwin, Bob Joles, Mark Fite and Thomas F. Wilson.

Recovery plan for Johnson's Seagrass (Halophila johnsonii). Prepared by the Johnson's Seagrass Recovery Team for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland. It may have the most limited distribution of all seagrasses. It occurs only in lagoons along roughly 200 km of the Florida coastline between Sebastian Inlet and the northern part of Biscayne Bay, where it grows in small patches of a few centimeters to a few meters in diameter at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to 3 meters.

2013 The reef 'Møllegrunden' Northwest of the island is an important resting and breeding site for many seals in the Kattegat sea. The bay of Endelave is comprised by a large intertidal zone similar to the wadden sea area. About ⅓ of the island itself is protected under the Natura 2000 plan, housing vulnerable and outstanding nature-types such as a heather moorland thicket, a beach-meadow and oak forests for example. Endelave is home to a population of wild rabbits of variable size.

Four to five juvenile geoducks are planted inside PVC tubes that are "wiggled" into the sandy substrate along the intertidal zone during low tide. The PVC tubes are between 5 and 15 cm in diameter, with lengths from 20 to 30 cm, about 7 cm of which remain above the substrate. The plastic tubes are covered with a mesh net to protect the clams from predators. The tubes also serve to retain seawater at low tide, which prevents dehydration of the clams.

The Castletown River is a river which flows through the town of Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland. It rises near Newtownhamilton, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, and is known as the Creggan River in its upper reaches. Its two main tributaries are the Kilcurry and Falmore rivers and it enters the Irish Sea at Dundalk Bay on the east coast of Ireland. The Castletown River flows in at the northwest corner of Dundalk Bay creating a deep channel through the intertidal zone.

Its depth range is from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about . The Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) cultivated off the Atlantic coast of France and Portugal was largely killed by an iridoviral disease in 1969. To replace the stock, large quantities of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) spat were imported from Japan. Some efforts were made to kill any fouling organisms that might be associated with the spat by immersing it for two periods, each of one hour, in fresh water.

Both baths are in the intertidal zone so they quickly fill with silt This bath is situated within an irregular shaped sandstone formation with a maximum length of and width of . The formation rises to a height of about above the sand. On the landward side of the formation is an elevated timber boardwalk and on the seaward side is an extensive stand of mangroves. The bath is a rectangular shape cut into the sandstone formation, in length and wide.

Pink salmon in their native range have a strict two year life cycle, thus odd and even-year populations do not interbreed. In the state of Washington, Pink salmon runs occur on odd years. Adult pink salmon enter spawning streams from the ocean, usually returning to the stream where they originated. Spawning occurs between late June and mid-October, in coastal streams and some longer rivers, and in the intertidal zone or at the mouth of streams if hyporheic freshwater is available.

Anthopleura thallia is found on the coasts of Western Europe and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is an uncommon species and its range includes the Isle of Man, Ireland, the southwest of England, Normandy, Brittany, Galicia, Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea. Reports of its presence in Israel, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba and Croatia are probably incorrect. It is found on rocky coasts with vigorous wave action, from the intertidal zone down to depths of about .

This species is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Mexico. It occurs in the lower part of the intertidal zone and the shallow sub-littoral, down to about . It typically clings to the lower part and underside of rocks, but is sometimes found on the holdfasts and stalks of kelp. When the tide is out and it is exposed, it tends to always attach itself to the same spot, where its shell neatly fits the contours of the rock.

This species is distributed in the intertidal zone and shallow rocky areas in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Aldabra, Chagos, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, the Gulf of Thailand, and in the Western Pacific. Little is known about their reproductive cycle, however it was recently documented in the Gulf of Thailand that they use the skeletons of the corals they have recently consumed on which to lay their benthic eggs, particularly on corals of the Fungiidae Family.

Widely but patchily distributed along the southern coast of Australia, the spotted stingaree occurs from Albany, Western Australia to Lakes Entrance, Victoria, including Bass Strait and the northern Tasmanian coast. It does not appear to be common, not does it aggregate any particular location. Bottom-dwelling in nature, this species inhabits the continental shelf from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It is most commonly found in and around seagrass beds and rocky reefs, and has also been recorded from estuaries.

The Stilbaai Tidal Fish Traps are ancient intertidal stonewall fish traps (Afrikaans: visvywers) that occur in various spots on the Western Cape coast of South Africa from Gansbaai to Mosselbaai. Only a handful occur on the east coast. There are several concentrations of fish traps on the Hessequa coast between Gouritsmond, 30 km east of Stilbaai, and Witsand, 35 km to the southwest. These fish traps are constructed in such a way that they form pools of varying size in the intertidal zone.

In West Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean, Ocypode cursor prefers to live in sandy beaches, where it burrows near the high-tide mark, and sometimes above the intertidal zone altogether. The water content of the sand was the key factor determining burrow distribution. It is less tolerant of extremes of salinity and temperature than the fiddler crab Uca tangeri, but can still extend some distance into brackish waters. O. cursor is a predator, and frequently feeds on the eggs of sea turtles.

Australonuphis, commonly called Australian beach worms, are a genus of polychaetous annelid of the family Onuphidae that inhabit the intertidal zone of coastal beaches and are attracted to the surface by the stimulus of food. They are sought by anglers to be used as bait for fishing. Some species can grow more than two metres in length. They are blind but have a very good sense of smell, and eat decaying meat, fish and seaweeds that have washed to shore.

Blue mussels were also harvested by the indigenous peoples of North America.Robert Butler (1999) The Great Blue Heron (in Google Books) Blue Mussels are starting to decline in areas such as the Gulf of Maine. Historical references have shown a decrease of about 40% in the last fifty years. This can cause a future problem because mussels are foundation species providing homes and protecting other small animals in the intertidal zone like small fish as well as filtering the water.

Within the wetland is a 797 hectare area managed by the Canadian Wildlife Service, of which 406 hectares was designated a National Wildlife Area in 1980. This was created to protect the spartina marshes, which intertidal zone is an important breeding area for the American black duck and other migratory Anatidae. It also consists of recreational facilities including hiking trails and observation towers, as well as exhibits on peatlands and tidal marshes at the Maison Girard Interpretation Centre, and summer school programmes.

Alaska has 3,708 recorded species of marine macroinvertebrates inhabiting the marine waters from the intertidal zone, the continental shelf, and upper continental slope to abyssal depths, from the Beaufort Sea at the Arctic border with Yukon, Canada; the eastern Chukchi Sea, the eastern Bering Sea, the Aleutian Islands to the western border with Russia; and the Gulf of Alaska to Dixon Entrance at the southern border with British Columbia. Among the more commonly encountered are various species of shrimp, crab, lobster, and sponge.

Stephen Hillenburg became an animator during his period of study at the California Institute of the Arts. Creator Stephen Hillenburg initially conceived SpongeBob SquarePants in 1984, while he was teaching and studying marine biology at what is now the Orange County Ocean Institute.Banks 2004, pp. 8–9 During this period, Hillenburg became fascinated with animation, and wrote a comic book entitled The Intertidal Zone, starring various anthropomorphic forms of sea life, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters,Banks 2004, p.

Intertidal zone in Skáleyjar islands at Breiðafjörður, Iceland Breiðafjörður has a spectacular land and seascape consisting of shallow seas, small fjords and bays, and intertidal areas, dotted with about 3,000 islands, islets and skerries. The area contains about half of Iceland's intertidal area and tides can be six metres. The bedrock was formed during rift volcanism in the late Tertiary. The area consists mainly of basaltic lava that was deeply eroded by glaciers during the quaternary age, creating a diverse landscape.

The big intertidal zone is high in biodiversity and productivity and has extensive algal forests and other important habitats for fish and invertebrates. The area supports 230 species of vascular plants and around 50 breeding bird species including common shag, glaucous gull, white-tailed eagle, common eider, black guillemot and grey phalarope. The area is important staging area for brent goose and red knot. The common seal and the grey seal have their main haul-out on the islands and skerries.

The big skate (Beringraja binoculata) is the largest species of skate (family Rajidae) in the waters off North America. They are found along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Baja California, typically from the intertidal zone to a depth of , and feed on benthic invertebrates and small fishes. They are unusual among skates in that their egg cases may contain up to seven eggs each. This species is one of the most commercially important skates off California and is sold for food.

A colony of beadlet anemones(Rogaland, Norway) The beadlet anemone (Actinia equina) is a common sea anemone found on rocky shores around all coasts of the British Isles. Its range extends to the rest of Western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Atlantic coast of Africa as far south as South Africa. Actinia equina can be found both in exposed and sheltered situations. It is highly adapted to the intertidal zone as it can tolerate both high temperatures and desiccation.

In Puget Sound it is seen in winter in regions of sloping muddy sand away from strong currents at less than but moves into deeper water in the summer. When found in coastal regions it has been typically reported in the sub-tidal zone (16–370 m) and has been found at night swimming at shore in the intertidal zone. It has been found to be able to live and survive in highly polluted urban west coast bay areas of the United States.

Facilitation may act by reducing the negative impacts of a stressful environment. As described above, nurse plants facilitate seed germination and survival by alleviating stressful environmental conditions. A similar interaction occurs between the red alga Chondrus crispus and the canopy- forming seaweed Fucus in intertidal sites of southern New England, USA. The alga survives higher in the intertidal zone—where temperature and desiccation stresses are greater—only when the seaweed is present because the canopy of the seaweed offers protection from those stresses.

Throughout the show's run, it has employed numerous guest stars from many ranges of professions. Repeat guests include Ernest Borgnine, Tim Conway, Brian Doyle-Murray, Marion Ross, John O'Hurley and Michael McKean. SpongeBob SquarePants chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s.

The pink whipray has been recorded from as deep as , but is usually found from the intertidal zone to a depth of . This bottom-dwelling species prefers sandy flats, lagoons, and other soft-bottomed habitats, often near cays and atolls in coral reefs. It tends to be found closer to shore during the warm season. Genetic and telemetry studies across Polynesian islands have found that individual rays tend to remain within a local area, with very little between-island movement.

The island was initially composed of two small drumlins connected by a spit, with an approximate size of . The name is believed to derive from its then-resemblance to a pair of spectacles. However, dumping of trash and dirt, together with subsequent landscaping, have resulted in a significantly larger island with a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further . The island is now composed of two artificial earth mounds, terraced with retaining walls, roads and newly planted vegetation.

The mulberry whelk is found on the north and east coasts of Australia and on islands in the central Indo-Pacific Ocean. In Australia, its range extends from the north west tip to Twofold Bay in New South Wales. It is common on rocks in the intertidal zone where adults hide in cracks. It is also found in estuaries where it is known as the black oyster borer because it feeds on oysters where it is regarded as a pest.

Pyura haustor is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean where its range extends from the Shumagin Islands in Alaska southwards to San Diego County, California. It is found attached to rocks, piers, pilings and floats, as well as to the holdfasts of kelp. It occurs in both sheltered and exposed locations, but in the San Juan Islands, where it is common, it avoids the areas with the strongest currents. Its depth range is from the lower intertidal zone down to about .

The geographic range of P. planum extends from the lowest levels of the rocky intertidal zone to depths of 30+meters along the Pacific coast of North America, from northern California south to Baja, California A few species surveys report this species in Japan and Peru, but P. planum is best documented in California. Intertidal individuals are attached to sides and upper surfaces of rocks at -1.0 MLLW and below, while subtidal individuals are most typically found attached to vertical rock surfaces.

Some species of limpet exhibit behavioural responses to the presence of the mottled star and are able to evade it. Petroleum hydrocarbons, such as those released as a result of the Exxon Valdez spillage, have a greater effect on the feeding and growth of the mottled star than on one of its main prey species, the mussel Mytilus edulis. Researchers surmised that pollution of the marine environment with oil might result in the domination of the mussel in the low intertidal zone of the region.

It was screened at festivals, and at one of these, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of the popular Nickelodeon animated series, Rocko's Modern Life. Murray was impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job. Hillenburg joined the series as a director and later, during the fourth season, he took on the roles of producer and creative director. Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept.

The natural range of D. sayi extends from the ' (eastern Canada) to the Florida Keys (south-eastern United States), where it lives from the intertidal zone down to depths of . It tolerates a wide range of temperatures and salinities. D. sayi has also been recorded from a number of locations in Europe. The first sighting was in Swansea Docks, South Wales (United Kingdom) in 1960, and the scientist who reported it, E. Naylor, believed there was "no doubt" that the species had arrived through trans- Atlantic shipping.

The site of the launch is still visible on the Isle of Dogs. Part of the slipway has been preserved on the waterfront, while at low tide, more of the slipway can be seen on the Thames foreshore. The remains of the slipways, and other structures associated with the launch of the SS Great Eastern, have recently been surveyed by the Thames Discovery Programme, a community project recording the archaeology of the Thames intertidal zone in London. Great Easterns keel was laid down on 1 May 1854.

This has not been reported in the Madagascan populations. Other feeding techniques include flying up to catch insects, and feeding on insects that wash up on shore after getting caught in water. The main prey of the white-fronted plover are sand flies, grasshoppers, termites, mosquito pupae, fairy shrimp, gastropods, bivalves, isopods, crabs, and other small crustaceans and worms. Plovers mainly forage in the upper half of the intertidal zone on sandy beaches, along high water lines and flooded depressions of dunes in summer.

Calcinus tubularis is a species of hermit crab. It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and around islands in the Atlantic Ocean, where it lives below the intertidal zone. Its carapace, eyestalks and claws are marked with numerous red spots. C. tubularis and its sister species, C. verrilli, are the only hermit crabs known to show sexual dimorphism in shell choice, with males using normal marine gastropod shells, while females use shells of gastropods in the family Vermetidae, which are attached to rocks or other hard substrates.

Joulter Cays are small uninhabited islands to the north of Andros Island in the Bahamas. Oolitic sand dominates the intertidal zone around the small islands that are covered with vegetation. Joulter Cays and associated sand shoals (1984) Oblique view (1999) The Joulter Cays were designated as an Important Bird Area for the endangered piping plover and short-billed dowitcher in 2012. The National Audubon Society's International Alliances Program and the Bahamas National Trust was working together to establish, in 2015, the Joulter Cays as a national park.

Lobophora variegata is widely distributed in tropical and warm temperate marine waters, from the intertidal zone down to at least . It is common in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, its range extending from Bermuda and North Carolina to Brazil. It also occurs in European waters, the Mediterranean Sea, the Azores, around the coasts of southern and eastern Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, the coasts of southeastern and southwestern Asia, the Pacific Ocean islands, northern Australia and New Zealand.

The natural bridge, as seen at dusk. The intertidal zone is home to mussels, sea stars, sea anemones and limpets, seen here being studied by children. Natural Bridges State Beach is named for the naturally occurring mudstone bridges that were carved by the Pacific Ocean into cliffs that jutted out into the sea. The arches formed over a million years ago when a combination of silt, clay and diatoms were solidified into a mixture of stone that formed the three original arches of the beach.

Chirotherium trackways have been found in German sandstones that were likely deposited on flood plains. During the Middle Triassic, much of Central Europe was covered by a shallow epicontinental sea (the so-called Muschelkalk Sea). In one location, Chirotherium trackways were found alongside those of early horseshoe crabs. The horseshoe crabs were likely breeding along the intertidal zone while the Chirotherium trackmaker preyed on them during low tide. Smaller reptiles like Macrocnemus, represented by the ichnogenus Rhynchosauroides, likely fed on the horseshoe crabs’ eggs.

Barry Buddon dates back to around 1850 when the area was used by the Forfarshire Rifle Volunteers, the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry, the Panmure Battery of the Forfarshire Artillery Brigade, and a Royal Naval Reserve Battery. In 1897 the Earl of Dalhousie sold the site to the War Office for use as a military training area. The training area covers 2,300 acres (930 hectares), of which 600 acres (240 hectares) is intertidal zone. The camp was expanded in the late 1990s and has accommodation for 507.

The dogwinkle is itself eaten by the purple sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) and the red rock crab (Cancer productus). It lays its eggs in clusters of stalked capsules, known as "sea oats", which are attached to rocks high up in the intertidal zone. Although there are around 550 eggs in each capsule, most of the eggs are infertile and are consumed by the developing juveniles, 10 to 20 of which hatch from the capsule after three or four months, without an intermediate larval stage.

O. erythrogrammon is the largest image Ochetostoma erythrogrammon occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its typical habitat is beaches of muddy sand where it lives in a burrow it digs in the intertidal zone. Countries from which this spoon worm has been reported in the Indo- Pacific region include Somalia, Mauritius, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and Japan. It is also known from the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, Bermuda, Bahamas, Venezuela and Brazil.

Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network was launched in 2015 and is a community archaeology project working the north, south east, and south west of England. The project's main host is the Museum of London Archaeology with project partners the Council for British Archaeology and the Nautical Archaeology Society. The project is sponsored by the Heritage Lottery Fund, The National Trust, The Crown Estate, and Historic England. The project is currently led by Gustav Milne, an Honorary Senior Lecturer at the UCL Institute of Archaeology.

New Zealand ravens were large corvids with long, broad bills that were not as arched as those of some of the Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis). They were significantly smaller than the Chatham Island raven, and the South Island subspecies was rather larger than the North Island subspecies. Remains of New Zealand ravens are most common in Pleistocene and Holocene coastal sites. On the coast, it may have frequented seal and penguin colonies or fed in the intertidal zone, as does the Tasmanian forest raven Corvus tasmanicus.

Lottia asmi is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from southern Alaska to the Revillagigedo Islands in Mexico. It is usually found in the intertidal zone living on the shell of the black turban snail (Tegula funebralis). It occasionally inhabits the shell of the California mussel (Mytilus californianus) or the speckled turban (Tegula gallina), or lives directly on a rock substrate, and on one occasion on a sponge. It favours living mollusc shells but has been found on shells occupied by hermit crabs.

Due to its bizarre dentition, Atopodentatus was formerly considered to be a filter feeder which fed on invertebrates along the sea-bottom. It was suggested that the morphology made Atopodentatus "capable of walking on land or tidal flats and sandy islands in the intertidal zone". However, the 2016 findings reveal that Atopodentatus actually ate algae from the seabed, making it the second known Mesozoic herbivorous marine reptile after the sphenodontian Ankylosphenodon. Atopodentatus is the earliest known herbivorous marine reptile by about 8 million years.

Pyropia virididentata, formerly known as Porphyra virididentata, is a red alga species in the genus Pyropia. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is monostromatic, monoecious, and grows in the intertidal zone, predominantly on rock substrata. With Porphyra cinnamomea, Pyropia rakiura and Clymene coleana, they can be distinguished by morphology (such as the microscopic arrangement of cells along their thallus margin, their thallus shape, size and colour), as well as geographical, ecological and seasonal distribution patterns, and importantly, chromosome numbers, which in this species n = 3.

This predatory relationship between starfish and mussels in this intertidal zone was studied by Robert T. Paine in a paper published in 1971. The scientist removed S. australis from the ecosystem for 9 months. In this time, P. canaliculus, with the removal of its primary predator, was able to proliferate and increase its presence and hold in the ecosystem. When expanding their area within the intertidal, the mussels overgrew and outcompeted the other species, decreasing the species richness in the area from 20 species to 14 species.

The wrack zone is most commonly associated with a sandy beach habitat but can also be present in rocky shores, mangroves, salt marshes, and other coastal systems. Debris is carried up the intertidal zone as the tide comes in, and is deposited on the sand when the tide goes out. The zone can be recognized as a linear patch of debris toward the upper part of a beach running parallel to the water's edge. The location of the wrack zone varies geographically and temporally.

Two individuals of Acanthopleura granulata on a rock at high tide level in Guadeloupe Chitons live worldwide, from cold waters through to the tropics. They live on hard surfaces, such as on or under rocks, or in rock crevices. Some species live quite high in the intertidal zone and are exposed to the air and light for long periods. Most species inhabit intertidal or subtidal zones, and do not extend beyond the photic zone, but a few species live in deep water, as deep as .

An amateur astronomer has proposed a theory that it has a calendrical function (see Archaeoastronomy). The rock is tall and long. It sits about offshore, and has been marked with chiseled and drilled coast survey features since 1856, and a bronze geodetic mark was placed on it in 1934. Some sources say that the rock is one of three prominent Salish Sea petroglyphs that were always on the shoreline, but tectonic activity around the Seattle Fault may have put Haleets in the intertidal zone.

These shrimp are typically found in Hawaii through the Indo-Pacific below the intertidal zone on coral reefs. They prefer temperatures of 72-82 degrees Fahrenheit, but are very rare because of the changing coral reefs. Many people are now using these shrimp as pets because of their colorful bodies, so future pet owners need to be aware that these shrimp are very sensitive and any changes in temperature, water chemistry and salinity can be detrimental. Even high nitrate or copper levels can negatively harm the shrimp.

Styela montereyensis lives in the low intertidal zone up to approximately in depth. It is a fairly common species within its range, and can be found firmly attached to substrata, pilings, jetties, and on subtidal reefs in waters ranging from calm to extremely rough. Specimens in the Pacific Northwest rarely occur in inland waters, but are normally found in the outer straits and open coast. Populations on the west coasts of Vancouver Island and Washington harbour the crustacean copepod species Pygodelphys aquilonaris in their branchial sacs.

This equipment is used to photograph sampling sites, to actually take samples from the sites, and to process these samples. At each site throughout the world, samples are taken from the intertidal zone out to a depth of 10 meters (and optionally out to 20 meters depth). These samples are then processed (the organisms are isolated) and then analyzed and catalogued. The information (regarding the kind and number of organisms analyzed) is sent to the global headquarters of NaGISA- the University of Kyoto in Japan.

The pelagic zone can be further subdivided into two subregions: the neritic zone and the oceanic zone. The neritic zone encompasses the water mass directly above the continental shelves whereas the oceanic zone includes all the completely open water. In contrast, the littoral zone covers the region between low and high tide and represents the transitional area between marine and terrestrial conditions. It is also known as the intertidal zone because it is the area where tide level affects the conditions of the region.

Pentidotea wonsnesenskii is a marine isopod which lives on seaweed on rocky shores along the British Columbia and Washington coastlines, as far south as San Francisco. It can be as large as long, with a concave (outwardly curved) tail rather than an indented tail as previously shown on this page, is usually green, but its colour is adaptable to its environment. It can often be found hiding under rockweed (Fucus gardnerii) in the intertidal zone. It is named after the Russian biologist Ilya G. Voznesensky.

Satellite view of Jersey Bonne Nuit bay Map of islands of Bailiwick of Jersey Jersey is an island measuring (or 66,436 vergées), including reclaimed land and intertidal zone. It lies in the English Channel, about from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy, France, and about south of Great Britain.Geographically it is not part of the British Isles. As of 15 October 2006, the States of Jersey indicates that the island is situated "only 22 km off the northwest coast of France and 140 km south of England".

Avicennia rumphiana is a fast-growing species and one of the first to colonize new areas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species considers it is vulnerable because it has a patchy distribution, is uncommon in some areas and is in general decline. It grows in the upper part of the intertidal zone where it is most vulnerable to human activities and habitat destruction. In the event of rising sea levels, as is expected to happen due to global warming, mangrove zones will be displaced upwards on the beach.

M4 Sherman tank mounted with M1 bulldozer blade makes its way through a hedge in France, 1944 On 9 June 1944, D-day plus 3, along with other battalions, the 17th battalion landed on Utah Beach in Normandy as a part of the Normandy landings and Operation Overlord. They cleared lanes for landing craft by destroying the mine-bearing steel structures that the Germans had implanted in the intertidal zone. They bulldozed roads up the narrow draws through the cliffs lining the beaches. 17th Armored Engineer Battalion were issued new camouflage uniforms for D-Day.

Fort William viewed from Corpach Fort William Parade and Duncansburgh MacIntosh Parish Church Originally based on the still-extant village of Inverlochy, the town lies at the southern end of the Great Glen, Fort William lies near the head of Loch Linnhe, one of Scotland's longest sea lochs, beside the mouth of the rivers Nevis and Lochy. They join in the intertidal zone and briefly become one river before discharging to the sea. The town and its suburbs are surrounded by picturesque mountains. It is also on the shore of Loch Eil.

These barnacles are effective competitors for space, and may influence the distribution of mussels and other species (Foster et al. 1988). In the lower intertidal zone, individuals may grow large enough to avoid predation by sea stars and gastropods (Morris et al. 1980). Up until the 1990s the northern range limit was thought to be San Francisco; however; more recent studies have placed the northern limit several hundred kilometers farther north into Northern California (Connolly and Roughgarden 1998), possibly in response to global climate change (Dawson et al. 2010).

They remained half-buried in the intertidal zone of the beach until 2009, when they were once again buried by the shifting sand dunes. The remains partially resurfaced in early 2014, with just the tip of the stem breaking the surface of the sand. In July 2015, the wreck surfaced enough to permit a non-excavation-based archeological survey to document the wreck and confirm its identity as part of a teaching program for Salem State University. In early 2020 the shifting sands once again exposed the ship down to its keel.

Early rough sketches of Squidward from creator Stephen Hillenburg's series bible. Several years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival. Murray offered Hillenburg a job as a director of the series."Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life," The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept.

The Wadden Sea ( ; ; or ; ; ; ) is an intertidal zone in the southeastern part of the North Sea. It lies between the coast of northwestern continental Europe and the range of low-lying Frisian Islands, forming a shallow body of water with tidal flats and wetlands. It has a high biological diversity and is an important area for both breeding and migrating birds. In 2009, the Dutch and German parts of the Wadden Sea were inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List and the Danish part was added in June 2014.

The sooty oystercatcher almost always forages in the intertidal zone, for the two hours either side of low tide. A field study published in 2011 showed that prey items differed markedly between the sexes with only a 36% overlap. Females focussed on soft-bodied prey which they could swallow whole such as fish, crabs, bluebottle jellyfish and various worm-like creatures such as cunjevoi, while males preferred hard-shelled prey such as mussels (Mytilus planulatus), sea urchins, turban shells (Turbo undulatus and Turbo torquata), and black periwinkle (Nerita atramentosa).

The species is found throughout northwestern Europe, in countries such as France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Sweden. It is only found in marine habitats, on beaches between the middle of the intertidal zone and the extreme high water mark reached by spring tides. It lives beneath overhangs, in rock crevices and under stones embedded in clayey gravels and sands along the coastline, as well as occasionally in driftwood washed up at the tideline. Little light penetrates the locations where it is found and the eyes are rudimentary.

Hediste diversicolor is native to the north-east Atlantic. Its range extends from the Baltic Sea and North Sea southwards to the Azores and Mediterranean Sea. It has been introduced to the north-west Atlantic in the areas of Cobscook Bay, the Gulf of Maine and the Gulf of St Lawrence. It is plentiful on beaches of sand, muddy sand and mud, including areas of low salinity, where it lives in a semi- permanent "J"-shaped or "U"-shaped burrow and under adjoining stones in the intertidal zone.

Sinocorophium individuals are generally found in the intertidal zone, burrowing in mud in marine to brackish waters. As of 2012, Sinocorophium consists of 10 species with most of them being reported to live in the Far East including China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, in endemic to temperate and sub-tropical shallows. Sinocorophium alienese is the only exception, as according to reports, the species occurs in the delta of San Francisco Bay and areas of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Sinocorophium alienese came to the northeast Pacific region through widespread ballast water traffic during Vietnam War.

The kelp forest tank This exhibit hall features aquatic animals native to Taiwan, from waters as small as rivers to as vast as the open sea. The exhibits are themed after the water systems of Taiwan, starting from the river and the reservoir to the intertidal zone and finally to the open sea. There is also a touch pool featuring marine invertebrates in the intertidal exhibit area. Animals on display include tilapia, Japanese eel, trout, cuttlefish, nurse sharks, Indo-Pacific tarpon, yellowfin tuna, spotted eagle rays, and a whale shark.

Most females and smaller males feed on exposed algae in the intertidal zone during low tide, retreating once the water returns and starts washing over them. They often scurry back-and-forth repeatedly, running to a patch of algae to take a few bites and then return fast to higher ground to avoid incoming waves. The separation in feeding behavior is advantageous because the large offshore feeding males experience less competition for food from smaller males and females. A few individuals of intermediate size may use both feeding strategies.

The rock gunnel is found in the coastal waters of North America and Europe. It ranges from Labrador and Greenland to Delaware Bay in the West Atlantic, and from the Kanin Peninsula to the Bay of Biscay in the East Atlantic. Within its range it is found from the intertidal zone to depths of over 100 m. The rock gunnel uses habitat sheltered by rocks and algae both above and below the waterline, likely to protect it from its natural predators, which include seabirds, fish, and marine mammals.

Bessie Point is located on the southeast side of Trinity Bay, east of Cairns, and is reached by the Pine Creek-Yarrabah Road. The road runs north alongside Rolling Bay before turning sharply to the southeast at Bessie Point. The split granite boulder on which the bench mark broad arrow is chiselled stands just to the Rolling Bay (west) side of Bessie Point, at the top of the beach, close to the road. The boulder, which lies in the intertidal zone, is roughly in diameter and about high.

Some burrows may be found as much as away from the high water mark and in the dune zone, but they are densest in the intertidal zone (71%). The burrows are vertically constructed, with the bottom commonly situated south of the entrance. It is believed that this is to prevent sunlight from shining into the burrow during the day. A golden ghost crab preying on a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchling at Gnaraloo, Western Australia They are swift runners, darting away to their burrows at the slightest sign of danger.

The fivebeard rockling is found in the intertidal zone, often under rocks. They are usually found in rocky areas but it can be found in breakwater pools on sandy shores so long as these have a growth of algae. These fish can display homing behaviour and are normally found no deeper than the lower limit for the growth of green algae, around . They are predatory fish and the major part of their diet is crustaceans but they will eat polychaetes, gastropods and small fish, they have also been recorded consuming algae.

Montagu's blenny is found around the mid-tide level of the intertidal zone in rocky coasts, often on steep rocky surfaces up to the surf zone. It shows a preference for rock pools which are not heavily vegetated with leafy seaweeds, being more frequently recorded in pools dominated by coralline algae. This species will stay out of the water at low tide sheltering under rocks and seaweeds, being capable of breathing air. The juveiles are frequently recorded from tidal pools and sometimes shelter in the empty shells of barnacles.

The gulf sea star is a predator and feeds on anything edible it can find including barnacles, bivalve molluscs, gastropod molluscs, sea anemones, chitons, sea cucumbers and crabs. Sea stars in this genus have planktonic feeding larvae that develop for many weeks before recruitment . In 1978, starfish wasting disease devastated the population of this sea star in the Gulf of California. Previous to that it was very common on rocks and under boulders in the lower and middle intertidal zone, with a density of up to one individual per square metre.

The intertidal zone and the photic zone in the oceans are relatively familiar habitats. However the vast bulk of the ocean is inhospitable to air- breathing humans, with scuba divers limited to the upper or so. The lower limit for photosynthesis is and below that depth the prevailing conditions include total darkness, high pressure, little oxygen (in some places), scarce food resources and extreme cold. This habitat is very challenging to research, and as well as being little-studied, it is vast, with 79% of the Earth's biosphere being at depths greater than .

Keystone species are species that have large effects, disproportionate to their numbers, within ecosystem food webs. An ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity. The concept of the keystone species was introduced in 1969 by the zoologist Robert T. Paine. Paine developed the concept to explain his observations and experiments on the relationships between marine invertebrates of the intertidal zone (between the high and low tide lines), including starfish and mussels.

The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further . Unlike the other outer islands, which are low-lying outcroppings of bedrock, Great Brewster is a drumlin which reaches a height of over 100 feet (30 m) above sea level. It has vegetation cover consisting of Apple Trees, Pear Trees, Sumac, Beach Roses, Grasses and Common Reeds, together with a large Gull colony. The birds are aggressive during nesting season and access by humans, which is by private boat only, is discouraged during that time.

Freshwater marsh, Naselle River, Washington Freshwater marsh in Kittery Point, Maine A freshwater marsh is a non-tidal, non-forested marsh wetland that contains fresh water, and is continuously or frequently flooded. Freshwater marshes primarily consist of sedges, grasses, and emergent plants. Freshwater marshes are usually found near the mouths of rivers, along lakes, and are present in areas with low drainage like abandoned oxbow lakes. It is the counterpart to the salt marsh, an upper coastal intertidal zone of bio- habitat, which is regularly flushed with sea water.

On the rocky coasts of South Africa, Spongites yendoi is the main algal component of a community of organisms commonly found in the low intertidal zone. A thin layer of this alga tends to cover rock surfaces and seaweeds grow as epiphytes on top. Both the coralline alga and the seaweeds are grazed by the pear limpet and other herbivores. Twice a year, Spongites yendoi sloughs off its upper layers but nevertheless seaweeds soon grow again on the exposed surface which is usually kept clean by the feeding activities of the herbivores.

Weir-type fish trap. A fishing weir, fish weir, fishgarth or kiddle is an obstruction placed in tidal waters, or wholly or partially across a river, to direct the passage of, or trap fish. A weir may be used to trap marine fish in the intertidal zone as the tide recedes, fish such as salmon as they attempt to swim upstream to breed in a river, or eels as they migrate downstream. Alternatively, fish weirs can be used to channel fish to a particular location, such as to a fish ladder.

The GCFR is delimited to the north by the Cape Fold Belt and the limited space south of it resulted in the development of social networks out of which complex Stone Age technologies emerged. Human history thus begins on the coasts of South Africa where the Atlantic Benguela Upwelling and Indian Ocean Agulhas Current meet to produce an intertidal zone on which shellfish, fur seal, fish and sea birds provided the necessary protein sources. The African origin of this modern behaviour is evidenced by 70,000 years-old engravings from Blombos Cave, South Africa.

Endocladia muricata, commonly known as nailbrush seaweed or turfweed, is a marine alga that is widely distributed along the shores of the North Pacific Ocean, from Alaska to Punto Santo Tomas, Baja California. E. muricata is common north of Point Conception, and is one of the most common algae in the high intertidal zone of the central California, coast. It commonly forms the top-most conspicuous band of seaweed along that coast. E. muricata often grows with Pelvetiopsis limitata (dwarf rockweed) and Mastocarpus papillatus (Turkish washcloth), on rocks in the high intertidal.

It is similar to the common dragonet but is distinguished by its smaller size and the sharply defined border around the saddle markings on the back. The reticulated dragonet is found only in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Norway Morocco, including the Azores, and into the western Mediterranean Sea at least as far as Malaga. In the North Sea it has been recorded as far east as the Kattegat. The reticulated dragonet is a demersal species that occurs in inshore waters, even in the intertidal zone, over sandy substrates.

E. rathbunae lives in the intertidal zone, where it uses the swash for transportation and filter-feeding. In Ecuador, it is one of the most abundant animals to surf the swash, together with the sea snail Olivella semistriata. The two avoid competition since E. rathbunae prefers steeper beaches with coarser sediments and rougher swash than O. semistriata, and positions itself lower in the swash than O. semistriata. Based on comparisons with other Emerita species, E. rathbunae is thought to be a very capable swimmer, and to burrow rapidly into the sand.

"Sea grapes" seaweed, Fitzgerald Marine Reserve View from Bluff Trail Looking down to Frenchmans Reef intertidal Zone The tidepool habitat has long been prized as one of the best such habitats in northern California. It has been identified by the State of California as one of 34 such coastal habitats having "Special Biological Significance". Sea urchins, anemone, hermit crabs and many other intertidal species are prominent. At the north of the reserve San Vicente Creek empties into the Pacific Ocean and has a diverse habitat supporting Red Willow and other riparian species.

Most commonly found in areas of rocky substrates, D. bimaculata is also frequently spotted in beds of seagrasses and bivalve banks, where there is an abundance of empty mollusc shells for the fish to shelter in. It has been recorded from the intertidal zone down to depths of . The eggs are laid in the spring and summer with the parents guarding the egg mass, which is normally laid under a stone or in an empty shell. The larvae and the juvenile fish are pelagic but quickly move to a benthic habit.

Porphyra cinnamomea is a red alga species in the genus Porphyra, known from New Zealand. It is monostromatic, monoecious, and grows in the intertidal zone, predominantly on rock substrata. With P. coleana, P. rakiura and P. virididentata, they can be distinguished by morphology (such as the microscopic arrangement of cells along their thallus margin, their thallus shape, size and colour), as well as geographical, ecological and seasonal distribution patterns, and importantly, chromosome numbers, which in this species n = 3. Finally, these four species are distinguished by a particular nucleotide sequence at the 18S rDNA locus.

The giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini, formerly also Octopus apollyon), also known as the North Pacific giant octopus, is a large marine cephalopod belonging to the genus Enteroctopus. Its spatial distribution includes the coastal North Pacific, along California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, Russia, Japan, and Korean Peninsula. It can be found from the intertidal zone down to 2,000 m (6,600 ft), and is best adapted to cold, oxygen-rich water. It is the largest octopus species, based on a scientific record of a 71-kg (156-lb) individual weighed live.

Echinoderms Some organisms in this environment, specifically those in the intertidal zone, are sea stars, sea anemones, sponges, worms, clams, mussels, predatory crustaceans, barnacles and small fish. Hydrozoa, or hydroids, also live in shallow marine ecosystems and eat surrounding algae and zooplankton. Some species of isopods and amphipods are found in the intertidal zones and create several different burrows and surface tracks in the sediment. Brittle stars have been seen buried in sediment with their arms showing through the sediment; this behaviour has been noted in several shallow marine areas.

A crustose lichen, Caloplaca marina Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the plant grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer of the adhering organism. Crustose adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. Crustose is found on rocks and tree bark. Some species of marine algae of the Rhodophyta, in particular members of the order Corallinales, family Corallinaceae, subfamily Melobesioideae with cell walls containing calcium carbonate grow to great depths in the intertidal zone, forming crusts on various substrates.

The larvae drift in the plankton and metamorphose after about 8 to 10 weeks, dependent on temperature, at which time they settle in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches. The larvae exhibit what is sometimes called semiactive tidal transport. As the larvae cannot swim against the prevailing currents, they make use of their ability to alter their vertical position in the water column to ensure they are transported to suitable habitat. On incoming or flood tides (water level is rising), the larvae move up into the water column and are thus transported towards land.

Conservation work needs to focus on finding the density threshold that render the sea otters an effective population. It must then continue and artificially repopulate the historical range of the sea otter in order to allow kelp forest communities to re- establish. The California spiny lobster, or Panulirus interruptus, is another example of a keystone predator that has a distinct role in maintaining species diversity in its habitat. Robles (1987) demonstrated experimentally that the exclusion of spiny lobsters from the intertidal zone habitats led to the competitive dominance of mussels (Mytilus edulis and M. californianus).

Scallops as a group are specially adapted to the temperature and salinity fluctuations that are part of life in the intertidal zone. Individuals bury themselves with sediment except for their tentacles, which project above the sediment and are usually the only part of the animal visible to observers. Their concave upper valves hold a thin layer of sediment that is thought to prevent fouling organisms from colonizing. Given the chance, a variety of fouling organisms will colonize scallop shells, including algae, barnacles, polychaete tube worms, sponges, hydrozoans, bryozoans, and even other molluscs.

A small number of species develop on the shores of saline inland bodies of water or the intertidal zone of seashores. An example of a species that develop close to water is P. nobilitatus, they can be found congregating around lakes and ponds. Other groups are found on trunks of trees damaged by bark beetles. Adults often are seen in a characteristic predatory posture standing high on their legs on the ground or on vegetation, tree trunks or rocks, and some species walk about on the surface of still water.

Couch's goby (Gobius couchi) is a species of goby native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean as far north as southern Great Britain and Ireland, the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea where it can be found living under stones on muddy sand in inshore waters and in the intertidal zone. This species can reach a length of TL. The specific name and common name both honour Jonathan Couch (1789-1870), the Cornish ichthyologist and the author of A History of the Fishes of the British Islands published between 1862 and 1867.

Sabellaria alveolata occurs on the bottom third or so of the intertidal zone and in the shallow subtidal zone. The worms construct different types of structures depending on the conditions. Where it occurs along rocky shorelines among bladderwrack then the agglomeration of tubes vary from thin encrustations if they are present at low densities to dense hummocks and mounds where there is a high density. The tubes are built from shell fragments or sand and are used to protect the worm from predators and can be repaired if damaged near the entrance.

Chthamalus fragilis is a small gray barnacle found in the upper intertidal zone of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, from approximately Cape Cod southward to Florida and into the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. It is also commonly known as little grey barnacle. The species is believed to have been distributed only as far northward as North Carolina or Virginia until the late 1800s, when it was noticed along the Massachusetts coast. The species may have expanded its range naturally or been introduced to New England through anthropogenic activities.

Grape Island is an island in the Hingham Bay area of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The island is part of the territory of the town of Weymouth, Massachusetts. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further , and is composed of two drumlins, reaching an elevation of above sea level, and connected by a marshy lowland. Tidal sand spits extend from the west end towards Weymouth Neck in Webb Memorial State Park and from the east end towards Slate Island.

This systems approach to the coast was first developed by Wright and Thom in 1977 and finalized by Wright and Short in 1984. According to their dynamic and morphological characteristics, exposed sandy beaches can be classified into several morphodynamic types (Wright and Short, 1984; Short, 1996). There is a large scale of morphodynamic states, this scale ranges from the "dissipative state" to the "reflective extremes". Dissipative beaches are flat, have fine sand, incorporating waves that tend to break far from the intertidal zone and dissipate force progressively along wide surf zones.

The eggs are between 2.2 and 2.5 mm in diameter and the ovary can account for up to one third of the weight of the female fish before spawning. The female will lay the eggs in a nest area pre-selected by the male, which will usually consist of a rocky outcrop or boulders on the seabed. The nest is in relatively shallow water (<10 m) and may even be in the intertidal zone. The male also guards and cares for the eggs by fanning them with his fins during the month-long incubation period.

Snapper is New Zealand's largest recreational fishery, and is also a commercial fishery with an annual export value of $32 million. The findings show how fragile some fish stocks can be, and highlights the importance of protecting natural habitats, like the Kaipara. Native rock oysters are plentiful on the rocky shores, and the introduced Pacific oysters flourish lower in the intertidal zone. There are cockles and tuatua on the lower tidal flats, mussels from low tide on the rocks to subtidal beds closer to the mouth of the harbour, and scallops in the tidal channels.

Most of the families in this suborder are air- breathing freshwater snails. The three most abundant families in terms of number of species are, the Lymnaeidae (pond snails), the Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) and the Physidae (pouch or bubble snails). These are found in ponds, creeks, ditches, and shallow lakes nearly worldwide. The Siphonariidae on the other hand are unusual in that they have secondarily returned to the sea, and are now sea snails, limpet-like marine gastropods which live in the rocky intertidal zone but which still breathe air and become active at low tide.

Xantho hydrophilus lives under stones on sandy and stony beaches, below the intertidal zone, up to a depth of , although it can be found in rock pools at low tide. It is an omnivore which feeds chiefly on various algae, but also scavenges and is mostly active at night. When disturbed it spreads out its large chelipeds to make itself seem bigger. Mating takes place in spring, and the females carry the fertilised eggs on their pleopods from March to July; the larvae can be found in the plankton over most of the summer.

The nearby Fawley Power Station discharged cooling water into the shallow waters around Calshot beach, and this has led to some reports of warm water species being attracted into the Solent. The Habitats Directive Review of Consents for the Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation (SAC) did indeed identify thermal pollution on the intertidal zone on the west shore of Southampton Water, but this is likely to be from more than this one source. Excavation for the nearby power station discovered buried land surfaces from the Neolithic period.

Beachrock along Réunion island seashore Detail showing fragments of coral and shells Beachrock is a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock that consists of a variable mixture of gravel-, sand-, and silt-sized sediment that is cemented with carbonate minerals and has formed along a shoreline. Depending on location, the sediment that is cemented to form beachrock can consist of a variable mixture of shells, coral fragments, rock fragments of different types, and other materials. It can contain scattered artifacts, pieces of wood, and coconuts. Beachrock typically forms within the intertidal zone within tropical or semitropical regions.

C. variegatus occurs in small schools amongst the kelp forests of Macrocystis integrifolia which grow on rocks in the shallow subtidal zone and the lower intertidal zone on the coast of Chile. In a survey of the inhabitants of these kelp forests, there was found to be a wide diversity of molluscs and crustaceans, with the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger and the gastropod Tegula tridentata being dominant. The most common fish was the herbivorous Aplodactylus punctatus. The main carnivorous fish were the Peruvian morwong, the Chilean sandperch (Pinguipes chilensis), the Cape redfish (Sebastes capensis) and the sea chub Graus nigra.

It includes part of the Newport Wetlands Reserve , a notable wildlife reserve , with reed beds and grasslands that attract breeding birds such as lapwings, redshanks, oystercatchers, little ringed plovers and ringed plovers, as well as visitors such as wigeons, shovelers, teals, shelducks and pintails, bitterns, hen harriers and short-eared owls. It is part of the Caldicot Levels. Following storms in the autumn of 1986, a track of human footprints was discovered eroding out of the clays in the intertidal zone in front of Uskmouth Power Station. The footprints were found to contain peat deposits, allowing them to be carbon dated to 4200BC.

The area's formerly large population of black howler monkeys was similarly greatly reduced, but has come back strongly and several troupes are to be seen along the river, a popular eco tourist attraction. Researchers from the University of Calgary led by Dr. Mary Pavelka study the monkey population year round. Erosion of the southern foreshore (the intertidal zone), where the village is located, has been an important issue over recent years; this has been halted by a recent government project which installed a botan sea defence (a seawall). Further work will be carried out as finances permit.

P. tuberculata is considered an invasive species due to its spreading to the southeast Atlantic and western Pacific. After arriving in Japanese waters, P. tuberculata has thrived due to its ability to quickly recolonize waters following instances of summer hypoxia. Smaller, native crabs have limited breeding seasons which restrict their ability to compete with the invasive P. tuberculata. In eutrophic waters such as Tokyo Bay, P. tuberculata is abundant from the intertidal zone up to 80 meters of depth, with inner-bay populations being replenished each fall with larvae from crabs in the outer- bay, which do not experience the hypoxic die offs.

Oscarella carmela is believed to be a native of northern and central Californian marine waters. It was first observed in Monterey Bay Aquarium and several research seawater aquaria in western California. It was later searched for, and eventually found, in the sea on the underside of boulders in rock pools in the high intertidal zone in Carmel Bay. Although it was not described until 2004, it is not believed to be an invasive species in the United States but is more likely to be indigenous and have been overlooked previously because it is uncommon and very similar to more common Halisarca species.

Mussel () is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats. These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval. The word "mussel" is frequently used to mean the bivalves of the marine family Mytilidae, most of which live on exposed shores in the intertidal zone, attached by means of their strong byssal threads ("beard") to a firm substrate. A few species (in the genus Bathymodiolus) have colonised hydrothermal vents associated with deep ocean ridges.

Inhabiting the continental shelf, the Australian blacktip shark is found from Thevenard Island in Western Australia to Sydney in New South Wales. Within its range, it co-occurs with the common blacktip shark; the ratio between C. limbatus and C. tilstoni was once thought to be 1:300, but recent genetic studies have found it to be closer to 50:50. This species has been reported from the intertidal zone to a depth of ; larger sharks tend to occur in deeper water. Though it occupies the entire water column, it is most common close to the surface or in midwater.

Green Island, also known as North Brewster Island, is a rocky outer island in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, to the north of Calf Island and Hypocrite Channel. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further , and is exposed from the east and northeast with little soil or plant life. The island is named after Joseph Green, a well- known merchant, who owned the island during Colonial times. Green Island is a nesting area for herring gulls, black-backed gulls, cormorants, barn swallows, red-winged blackbirds, and rats.

Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles).

Phoronids (scientific name Phoronida, sometimes called horseshoe worms) are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore (a "crown" of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies. They live in most of the oceans and seas, including the Arctic Ocean but excluding the Antarctic Ocean, and between the intertidal zone and about 400 meters down. Most adult phoronids are 2 cm long and about 1.5 mm wide, although the largest are 50 cm long. The name of the group comes from its type genus: Phoronis.

Isobel Ida Bennett AO 1984 (9 July 1909 - 12 January 2008) was one of Australia's best-known marine biologists. She (with Elizabeth Pope) assisted William John Dakin with research for his final book (Australian Seashores) regarded by many as "the definitive guide on the intertidal zone, and a recommended source of information to divers". Following Dakin's death in 1950, she saw the book through to publication in 1952, and she continued to revise and reprint it with a complete revision in 1980 until 1992. In later editions, she was listed as a co-author, then first author.

The moist sand above the water mark is excellent M. lignano habitat Sampling of moist sand with M. lignano Macrostomum lignano lives interstitially in sandy habitats, at the intertidal or upper-intertidal zone, usually in the upper 5–10 mm. It only needs a little humidity in the sand to survive, but it can also be found underwater during high tide. It favours protected areas with no or very low wave exposure like tidal lagoons. M. lignano feeds primarily on diatoms, but it has been observed to eat small invertebrates and, occasionally, eggs (even conspecific, and sometimes its own).

Sea foam also acts as a mode of transport for both organisms and nutrients within the marine environment and, at times, into the intertidal or terrestrial environments. Wave action can deposit foam into intertidal areas where it can remain when the tide recedes, bringing nutrients to the intertidal zone. Additionally, sea foam can become airborne in windy conditions, transporting materials between marine and terrestrial environments. The ability of sea foam to transport materials is also thought to benefit macroalgal organisms, as macroalgae propagules can be carried to different microenvironments, thus influencing the tidal landscape and contributing to new possible ecological interactions.

The leopard catshark inhabits the temperate and subtropical inshore waters off South Africa, from Saldanha Bay in the west to the mouth of the Tugela River in the east. There are old and almost certainly erroneous records from Mauritius and Madagascar. Given the color pattern diversity within the species, its range is likely fragmented into a number of small local populations along the South African coast. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the leopard catshark is most commonly encountered from the intertidal zone to a depth of , though it has been reported from as deep as on the uppermost portion of the continental slope.

The intertidal zone of Great Cumbrae, Scotland Cumbrae has a marine climate and can experience gale-force winds from the Atlantic at any time of year; these westerly or south-westerly gales can be severe and destructive. However, while the west of the island might experience gales up to , the weather on the sheltered east side facing Largs can remain tranquil. Local wildlife includes owls, polecats, rabbits, common kestrels and the occasional golden eagle and sea eagle, as well as a large seabird population: fulmars, cormorants, oystercatchers and many more. Other marine life includes seals, basking sharks, porbeagle sharks and dolphins.

Calf Island, also known as Apthorps Island, is a windswept island situated some offshore of downtown Boston in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further , and has a thin layer of soil that supports vegetation including wild cherry, beach plum, grasses, chives, and mock orange. Access is by private boat only. In the 17th century the island was granted to William Brewster of Plymouth Colony, after whom the adjacent islands of Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster are named.

The island is an important piece of the ecology of the Gulf of California. In 1940, marine biologist Ed Ricketts, together with his friend, author John Steinbeck, conducted an expedition and collecting trip in the Gulf of California (sometimes known as the Sea of Cortez) to explore the rich ecology of the intertidal zone. Coronado Island and the Bahía de los Ángeles were part of that expedition. The resulting book by Steinbeck and Ricketts, The Log from the Sea of Cortez, remains a classic document of the natural history and ecology of the Gulf of California.

Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily. In the past tidal flats were considered unhealthy, economically unimportant areas and were often dredged and developed into agricultural land.Dredging Indian River Lagoon Wetlands 1920 - 1950s Several especially shallow mudflat areas, such as the Wadden Sea, are now popular among those practising the sport of mudflat hiking. On the Baltic Sea coast of Germany in places, mudflats are exposed not by tidal action, but by wind-action driving water away from the shallows into the sea.

The crossback stingaree is found close to the sea floor. The distribution of the crossback stingaree mainly encompasses the coastal waters of Victoria and Tasmania, where it is quite abundant; it ranges as far east as Jervis Bay in New South Wales, and as far west as Beachport in South Australia. Bottom-dwelling in nature, this species has been reported from the intertidal zone to a depth of on the upper continental slope. Rays of the Victorian subpopulation prefer sandy flats and rocky reefs and are seldom seen in less than of water, occurring most commonly at depths greater than .

Portuguese blenny occur in shallow, rocky inshore waters where there are weeds, and tend not be found in deeper offshore waters. They are frequently recorded in the intertidal zone and will occasionally be trapped in rock pools as the tide recedes. This species is omnivorous feeding on red algae, cnidarians and amphipods as well as on gastropods worms and isopods and shrimp. Off Great Britain and Ireland the Portuguese blenny is most frequently found where there is steeply sloping bedrock, especially limestone which appears to provide a good number of crevices for this species to hide in.

Zebra sharks are often seen resting on sand near coral. The zebra shark occurs in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, from South Africa to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (including Madagascar and the Maldives), to India and Southeast Asia (including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Palau), northward to Taiwan and Japan, eastward to New Caledonia and Tonga, and southward to northern Australia. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the zebra shark is found from the intertidal zone to a depth of over the continental and insular shelves. Adults and large juveniles frequent coral reefs, rubble, and sandy areas.

The sediment augmented an existing sand bank approximately east of the lighthouse until it became a permanent fixture, visible at high tide. Soon after it formed the island, lying at the boundary between the estuary and the Atlantic Ocean, was measured at above high tide level and some in the intertidal zone. Initially unclaimed by any local municipality the island came to be known as but was also named by locals after the 1875 Jules Verne novel. It was considered possible at the time that the island would disappear as quickly as it had appeared, though some experts considered it could become permanent.

The Important Bird Area (IBA) lies 50 km to the east of Brabant Island, with Cierva Point forming both the northwest extremity of Sladun Peninsula and the south side of the entrance to Cierva Cove. The IBA is defined by the same boundary as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 134) which includes Cierva Point, Midas Island, Sterneck Island, Moss Islands and other offshore islands as well as the intervening sea and intertidal zone. At Cierva Point the south-facing slopes are glaciated, whilst the north- and west-facing slopes are ice-free. The land rises to over 500 m at the coastal cliffs.

They are known from as far north as Cape Blanco in Oregon, down to Punta San Roque in southern Baja California. They can be found in the intertidal zone, but most occur at depths of 12-80 metres, living in crevices and holes during the day, and ranging further abroad at night to feed on benthic crustacea, cephalopods, and some types of fishes. They are territorial, claiming an area of 10-12 square metres. Gophers are extremely closely related to the black-and-yellow rockfish S. chrysomelas; S. chrysomelas is darker brown with yellow patches, and tends to prefer shallower water.

Pyropia rakiura, formerly known as Porphyra rakiura, is a red alga species in the genus Pyropia, known from New Zealand. It is monostromatic, monoecious, and grows in the intertidal zone, predominantly on rock substrata. With P. cinnamomea, P. coleana and P. virididentata, they can be distinguished by morphology (such as the microscopic arrangement of cells along their thallus margin, their thallus shape, size and colour), as well as geographical, ecological and seasonal distribution patterns, and importantly, chromosome numbers, which in this species n = 2. Finally, these four species are distinguished by a particular nucleotide sequence at the 18S rDNA locus.

Brown algae have adapted to a wide variety of marine ecological niches including the tidal splash zone, rock pools, the whole intertidal zone and relatively deep near shore waters. They are an important constituent of some brackish water ecosystems, and have colonized freshwater on a maximum of six known occasions. A large number of Phaeophyceae are intertidal or upper littoral, and they are predominantly cool and cold water organisms that benefit from nutrients in up welling cold water currents and inflows from land; Sargassum being a prominent exception to this generalisation. Brown algae growing in brackish waters are almost solely asexual.

Members of this family range from the intertidal zone to a depth of , but overall mostly and in the Southern Ocean mostly . The highest species richness is in the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Convergence, followed by deep parts of the Pacific Ocean, with only a few elsewhere, including the Magellanic region, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean (both north and south) and Mediterranean Sea. In tropical and warm-temperate regions they only occur in deep, cold waters. The vast majority are generally slow-moving and benthic, but can move fast for short distance and a few species are pelagic or semi-pelagic.

Medium- sized cigar-shaped chiton up to 50mm in length, dull brown or grey-green, in its northern range frequently mottled in colours ranging from blue to orange. Small grainy riblets cover the outer parts of the valves, the centers being smooth or eroded, a white streak often seen lengthways across the top. The girdle is narrow and may be irregularly banded in dark or light shades. Occurs in sheltered harbours or exposed coasts, from the high intertidal zone to 25m deep, often aggregating in large numbers around the edge of cobbles at the sediment line or just below it.

Biemna variantia is found in the Arctic Ocean and northern Atlantic Ocean, from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Greenland to the Barents Sea and the North Sea. It is also known from the English Channel and as far south as Portugal, the Canary Islands and the Alboran Sea, at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. It grows on vertical rock faces where there is moderate water movement, under boulders and on stones, gravel and mud, at depths varying from the intertidal zone to . This sponge tolerates brackish water and is not uncommon in estuaries.

The giant Caribbean sea anemone is usually found in the crevices of rock walls, attached to a rock, shell, or almost any other hard object in shallow water that experiences full–strength seawater most of the time, which may explain why the species is so common in Bermuda. Giant Caribbean sea anemones are also very common around reefs in both “forereef” and lagoon areas. It can also be found at most inshore areas, on coral reefs, though this is less common. Sea anemones in general can be found anywhere from the intertidal zone all the way to a depth of 30,000 feet.

This species seems to be common only in Australian waters, where it occurs from Shark Bay to Brisbane. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the reticulate whipray is generally encountered over sandy flats near beaches, in lagoons, and around coral reefs, from the intertidal zone to offshore waters deep or more. In Shark Bay, it frequents intertidal sand flats during the warm season, and shifts to slightly deeper seagrass patches in the cold season. This species is tolerant of low salinities and has been known to enter estuaries and mangrove swamps, though records from fresh water in Southeast Asia are unverified and may represent misidentifications.

Controversy exists over impacts of commercial harvesting of A. nodosum for use in garden or crop fertilizers and livestock feed supplements in North America and Europe. Some research has been focused on bycatch and impact on intertidal zone communities. T. Trott & P.F. Larsen (2008) Evaluation of short-term changes in rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and associated epifaunal communities following cutter rake harvesting in Maine. Maine Department of Marine Resources Retrieved 2011-07-13 Opponents of its wild harvest point to the algae's high habitat value for over 100 marine species, including benthic invertebrates, commercially important fish, wild ducks, shorebirds, and seabirds.

Ashtoret lunaris is commonly encountered sandy and muddy shores, especially near seagrass beds from the intertidal zone to a depth of 50m. It is usually nocturnal and spends the day buried in the substrate just below the surface creating breathing channels to the surface of the sand. They hunt small shellfish, worms and other animals during the night, they are known to take other crabs. When threatened A lunaris often draws its legs up under the overlapping edges of the carapace and appears to sham death, this may make it difficult for a predator to dismember the crab.

Aerial view of Langlee Island Langlee Island or Langley Island is an island in the Hingham Bay area of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further , and is composed of a massing of Roxbury puddingstone which rises to a height of above sea level. This results in steep cliffs on the northern shore, while there are several small sandy beaches and a tidal mudflat on the east side. The center of the island contains glacial till that supports tree and shrub cover.

The tidepool sculpin is a common small fish in pools in the intertidal zone of rocky coasts, flitting from one hiding place to another. It shows great homing ability, returning each time the tide recedes to the pool in which it has taken up residence. It has been shown to have the ability to return to its home pool from a distance of after having been displaced for six months. It is a predator, feeding on small invertebrates such as isopods, amphipods, gastropod molluscs, polychaete worms and barnacles, as well as insects that happen to fall into the water.

This is the dominant seaweed on rocks in the lower part of the intertidal zone in Oregon on beaches where sand levels fluctuate dramatically at different times of year. In March and April new thalli appear from the rhizomes but these blades are progressively buried by rising sand levels which results in the complete burial of the plants over the summer. With the arrival of storms in the fall, the sand is scoured away and the thalli reappear. Reproductive sori are produced on the old blades before they are shed in December and on the new blades that grow in the spring.

Thatched barnacles Semibalanus cariosus is native to the northern Pacific Ocean including Japan and the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, where its range extends from the Bering Sea to Morro Bay, California. It is found on rocks, pilings and other man-made structures from the mid-intertidal zone down to the shallow subtidal zone. In general, it occupies a belt below the zone occupied by Balanus glandula, often near beds of the California mussel (Mytilus californianus) and the bay mussel (Mytilus trossulus); it may be very numerous and is often the commonest organism in this belt.

They venture out in great numbers in the intertidal zone at low tide, then they retreat as the water returns, but they need the water to keep their gills warm and have never found more than from shore. They cannot live in seawater for extended periods, as can L. oceanica, for example. They survive best in moist environments, but cannot survive in fresh water, most likely due losing their vital salts via dilution. To hydrate, they turn away from the water and dip their uropods in the water and oscillate the distance between the uropodal spines to draw water up onto their gills.

The blind shark (Brachaelurus waddi) is one of two species of carpet sharks in the family Brachaeluridae, along with the bluegrey carpetshark (Brachaelurus colcloughi). Found along the coast of eastern Australia, this nocturnal, bottom-dwelling species is common in rocky areas and seagrass beds from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It often roams in tidal pools where it may be trapped by the receding tide, and can survive for an extended period out of water. Maturing at under long, the blind shark has a stocky, grayish to brownish body with white flecks and darker bands that fade with age.

Nei'an Recreation Area () houses an enormous beach, well known for its clear waters and white sand. The flat terrain provided residents of Nei'an Village (內垵村) and Wai'an Village (外安村) a place to play with water and engage in intertidal zone activities. At the back of the beach is a narrow wooden path built according to the terrain, from there, you can look at Houziwei Cape (鱟仔尾岬) in Chixi (池西) from a distance. Neian North Sea Fishing Port has been selected by the Penghu County Government to build the first Waterpark in Taiwan.

C. stellatus is a sessile barnacle that attaches to rocks and other firm materials in the intertidal zone using its membranous base. It is basically cone-shaped but can assume a more tubular shape in a crowded colony. Like other sessile barnacles, as an adult C. stellatus is a suspension feeder that stays in its fixed shell and uses its feathery, rhythmically beating appendages – actually modified legs – to draw plankton and detritus into its shell for consumption. The chalky white shell of C. stellatus has a kite- shaped opercular opening when it is a juvenile and an oval operculum opening when it is an adult.

The above characteristics make the neritic zone the location of the majority of sea life.Office of Naval Research The result is high primary production by photosynthetic life such as phytoplankton and floating sargassum; zooplankton, free-floating creatures ranging from microscopic foraminiferans to small fish and shrimp, feed on the phytoplankton (and one another); both trophic levels in turn form the base of the food chain (or, more properly, web) that supports most of the world's great wild fisheries. Corals are also mostly found in the neritic zone, where they are more common than in the intertidal zone as they have less change to deal with.

Although prey usually is consumed underwater in the diving bell, it is occasionally brought to the surface A. aquatica is the only known species of spider that spends almost all its life underwater, including resting, catching and eating prey, mating, egg laying, and overwintering. It only briefly surfaces to replenish its oxygen supply and occasionally will bring prey to the surface. There are several other spiders that are semiaquatic, either periodically living underwater or willing to dive. For example, certain Desis species spend the high tide in an air-filled underwater retreat made from silk and forage on land in the intertidal zone during low tide.

Calcinus tubularis is a rare species, found below the intertidal zone. It is one of only two species of hermit crab (the other being the closely related C. verrilli) in which sexual dimorphism in shell use has been observed. Males inhabit gastropod shells, chiefly those of Pisania maculosa or Cerithium vulgatum, which they can move freely; females occupy the fixed tubes made by the vermetid snail Lementina arenaria. The only parasite known to attack Calcinus tubularis is a rhizocephalan barnacle, probably of the genus Septosaccus, although it is also targeted by another barnacle, Trypetesa lampas, which is an egg predator of various hermit crabs.

A. maritima is a significant scavenger of the upper intertidal zone, feeding on dead animals, chiefly crustaceans (including barnacles) and molluscs. Aggregation is an important aspect of collembolan biology, and A. maritima has been shown to produce an aggregating pheromone. Like many intertidal animals, A. maritima moves in rhythm with the tidal cycle, and has an endogenous circatidal rhythm with a period of 12.4 hours, using visual cues to orient themselves during their movements. In the warmer parts of its range, A. maritima is active throughout the year, but in cooler temperate regions, it is only active in the summer months, overwintering as eggs.

A female edible crab with eggs on scrap The first developmental stage after hatching is a planktonic larva (1 mm) called the zoea that develops into a postlarva (megalopa), and finally a juvenile. The first juvenile stage is characterised by a well-developed abdomen, which in time becomes reduced in size and folded under the sternum. Juveniles settle to the sea floor in the intertidal zone, where they stay until they reach a carapace width of , and then migrate to deeper water. The growth rate in males slows from an increase in carapace width of 10 mm per year before it is 8 years old, to 2 mm per year thereafter.

Historically, all fossil Onychophora and lobopods were lumped into the taxon Xenusia, further subdivided by some authors to the Paleozoic Udeonychophora and the Mesozoic/Tertiary Ontonychophora; living Onychophora were termed Euonychophora. Importantly, few of the Cambrian fossils bear features that distinctively unite them with the Onychophora; none can be confidently assigned to the onychophoran crown or even stem group. The exceptions are Hallucigenia and related taxa such as Collinsium ciliosum, which bear distinctly onychophoran-like claws. It is not clear when the transition to a terrestrial existence was made, but it is considered plausible that it took place between the Ordovician and late Silurian—approximately —via the intertidal zone.

T. californicus has the ability to thrive under these variable environmental conditions (factors that limit predators such as fish to lower pools in the intertidal zone). Temperature in the pools that this copepod inhabits tend to track air temperatures more closely than ocean temperatures and salinities in pools can change as pools evaporate, receive freshwater inputs from rain, or saltwater from wave actions. The ability of T. californicus to handle extreme high temperatures varies among populations with southern California populations able to handle higher temperatures than those further north.Willett 2010 Potential fitness tradeoffs for thermal tolerance in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Evolution 64: 2521-2534.

Marginal plants provide important habitat for both invertebrates and vertebrates, and submerged plants provide oxygenation of the water, absorb nutrients and play a part in the reduction of pollution. Marine habitats include brackish water, estuaries, bays, the open sea, the intertidal zone, the sea bed, reefs and deep / shallow water zones. Further variations include rock pools, sand banks, mudflats, brackish lagoons, sandy and pebbly beaches, and seagrass beds, all supporting their own flora and fauna. The benthic zone or seabed provides a home for both static organisms, anchored to the substrate, and for a large range of organisms crawling on or burrowing into the surface.

The pyjama shark or striped catshark (Poroderma africanum) is a species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to the coastal waters of South Africa. This abundant, bottom-dwelling species can be found from the intertidal zone to a depth of around , particularly over rocky reefs and kelp beds. With a series of thick, parallel, dark stripes running along its stout body, the pyjama shark has an unmistakable appearance. It is additionally characterized by a short head and snout with a pair of slender barbels that do not reach the mouth, and two dorsal fins that are placed far back on the body.

Lipson Island lies 150 metres out from the Lipson Cove beach can be accessed when the tide is low, but care must be taken not to become stranded as the tide rises. The island and surrounding intertidal zone constitute the Lipson Island Conservation Park which was proclaimed in 1967 and which is a designated IUCN Category III "natural monument." The island is an important rookery for roosting sea birds, including colonies of black-faced cormorant, crested tern and little penguin. The Lipson Island little penguin colony is significant owing to its stable population, while most others of known status in Spencer Gulf are either in decline or have gone extinct.

Most marine species with shells (mollusks, echinoderms, corals, coccolithophores, foraminiferans, calcifying algae, etc.) experience increased dissolution and increasing energetic costs of maintaining and growing these structures in this basic environment. However, living in the middle to lower intertidal zone and shallow waters, A. punctata naturally faces fluctuations in pH and has been observed to have no decrease in calcification of new shell material when exposed to acidic environments similar to those of having increased dissolved carbon dioxide. Although, they do undergo increased metabolic rate in low pH environments which is attributed to the maintenance of calcium carbonate and aragonite structures in waters depleted of these materials.

Britain at Low Tide is an archaeology programme, focusing on intertidal archaeology, that first aired on 19 November 2016 and ran for three episodes. The premise of the programme was that the presenters, Alex Langlands and Tori Herridge visit parts of Britain's coast along with coastal archaeologists showing their finds and the history behind them. The second series started on 17 February 2018, now fronted by Dr. Tori Herridge and supported by archaeologists from CITiZAN (Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network), Gustav Milne and Oliver Hutchinson as well as archaeologist Charlotte Mecklenburgh. Series three consisted of three episodes and was broadcast starting on 14 September 2019.

A die off of exposed Durvillaea kelp following uplift caused by the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake Earthquake uplift that raises the intertidal zone by as little as 1.5 metres can cause Durvillaea bull kelp to die off in large numbers. Increased sedimentation following landslides caused by earthquakes is also detrimental. Once an area is cleared of Durvillaea following an uplift event, the bull kelp that re-colonises the area can potentially originate from genetically distinct populations far outside the uplift zone, spread via long distance-dispersal. Intertidal species of Durvillaea can be used to estimate earthquake uplift height, with comparable results to traditional methods such as lidar.

Paralabrax clathratus is found at depths between . They show a strong association with kelp and are almost always found inhabiting kelp forests. The fish use a variety of micro- habitats within this habitat for feeding, shelter and breeding, for example the juveniles will hide among the blades of kelp and among other seaweed species in the intertidal zone while the adults prefer deeper water, into rocky habitats where their larger size gives them some protection against predation. The kelp bass spawns in the late spring to the early autumn When spawning the adults for aggregations of up to 200 fish, but more commonly numbering around 50 individuals.

Sphyrna (from the Greek word σφυρί "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of Sphyrna have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey items such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans and other benthic organisms hiding in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of Sphyrna are also known by synonyms such as Zygaena, Cestracion, and Sphyrichthys. The earliest species described of this genus was Sphyrna zygaena by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member Sphyrna gilberti was discovered and described in 2013.

Leopard sharks generally swim close to the bottom and are most abundant from the intertidal zone to a depth of , though they may be found as deep as . Many leopard sharks, particularly in the north, leave their coastal habitats in winter and return in early spring. A study in Tomales Bay in northern California determined that they depart when the water temperature drops below 10-12 °C (50-54 °F); one tagged shark was found to have swum some south. While a few leopard sharks have been documented traveling hundreds of kilometers, most individuals tend to remain in a localized area for much of their lives.

Mussels in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, England Mytilarca is a distant relative of the mussels; from the Middle Devonian of Wisconsin. Fossil gastropod and attached mytilid bivalves in a Jurassic limestone (Matmor Formation) in southern Israel Aviculopecten subcardiformis; a fossil of an extinct scallop from the Logan Formation of Wooster, Ohio (external mold) For the past two centuries no consensus has existed on bivalve phylogeny from the many classifications developed. In earlier taxonomic systems, experts used a single characteristic feature for their classifications, choosing among shell morphology, hinge type or gill type. Conflicting naming schemes proliferated due to these taxonomies based on single organ systems.

The Alaksen Area encompasses the northwestern half of Westham Island, which itself is located within the Fraser River Delta as it enters the Strait of Georgia. The Area comprises mostly cultivated farmland, but also includes freshwater and brackish tidal marshlands, mudflats, and some woodland. In addition to the cultivated crops, the site is vegetated by various grasses in the farmland; cattails, Lyngbye's sedge, and bulrushes in the intertidal zone; and Red alder, willows and Black cottonwood, along with snowberry, salmonberry, and blackberries in the wooded areas. The Area overlaps with the George C. Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary, which has stricter protections and doesn't feature cultivated farmland.

Ascophyllum nodosum is found mostly on sheltered sites on shores in the midlittoral, where it can become the dominant species in the littoral zone. The species is found in a range of coastal habitats from sheltered estuaries to moderately exposed coasts, and often it dominates the intertidal zone (although subtidal populations are known to exist in very clear waters). However, it is rarely found on exposed shores, and if it is found, the fronds are usually small and badly scratched. This seaweed grows quite slowly, 0.5% per day, carrying capacity is about 40 kg wet weight per square meter, and it may live for 10–15 years.

Tegillarca granosa (also known as Anadara granosa(pata de mula) SPECIES: Tegillarca granosa (Malaysian cockle)(Anadara granosa)) is a species of ark clam known as the blood cockle or blood clam due to the red haemoglobin liquid inside the soft tissues. It is found throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the eastern coast of South Africa northwards and eastwards to Southeast Asia, Australia, Polynesia, and up to northern Japan. It lives mainly in the intertidal zone at one to two metres water depth, burrowed down into sand or mud. Adult size is about 5 to 6 cm long and 4 to 5 cm wide.

Seed size is a primary feature that relates to a species ability to colonize or compete within a given population, the effect of seed size was displayed in dicotyledonous annual plants. Turnbull and colleagues indicated that the competition/colonization trade-off has a stabilizing effect on the population of plants. In Algae: For example, in a classic study on an intertidal zone in Southern California, it was shown that when a boulder was overturned, it would quickly be colonized by green algae and barnacles (which were better colonizers). However, if left undisturbed, the boulders would eventually be overtaken by red algae (which was the stronger competitor in the long term).

A wreck that is believed to be that of Bristol Packet lies in the intertidal zone on Madbrian sands off Minehead where it has been exposed at different times including between February 2014 and July 2015 when a visual survey was undertaken and the exposed parts of the wreck photographed. The position of the wreck indicates it was driven on its beam ends onto the sands. The date of the vessel is confirmed by comparison of the way it was built of pine and larch, incorporating both treenails and copper fastenings, with other vessels of the same period. Bristol Packet is known to have had pine topsides.

The blind shark favors rocky habitats. The range of the blind shark is restricted to the eastern coast of Australia, from Mooloolaba in southern Queensland to Jervis Bay in New South Wales; past reports from off Western Australia and Northern Territory appear to be misidentifications of the brownbanded bamboo shark. The blind shark is a bottom-dwelling species that generally inhabits the continental shelf from the intertidal zone, including tidal pools barely deep enough to cover its body, to a depth of , though it has been recorded as deep as . Preferred habitats are rocky areas and adjacent seagrass beds; juveniles are common in high-energy surge zones.

The shoreline's sand dune habitat consists of pink and yellow sand-verbena, dune grass, seaside centipede lichen, black oystercatchers, and glaucous-winged gulls. The intertidal zone provides habitat for eelgrass, Aggregating anemone, echinoderms (like the western sand dollar and ochre sea star), sea snails (like the northern abalone), and crabs. Native bivalvia like butter clam, littleneck clam, California mussel and Olympia oyster compete with the invasive Manila clam, varnish clam, and Pacific oyster. The park also includes a subtidal area where there exists several kelp forests, habitat for Steller sea lions, seals and porpoises, and parts of migratory routes for killer whales, humpback whales, grey whales, basking sharks, and pacific herring.

Following the end of the last ice age, sea levels rose to roughly their current levels by around 6000 years ago. Forests which had become established at or below this level were destroyed though the preserved stumps of trees in growth position can still be seen in the intertidal zone in places, as can the remains of peat deposits which again had originally formed above the high- water mark. Redistribution of glacial and fluvial sands has given rise to extensive dune systems around the Welsh coast, notably at Newborough Warren on Anglesey, Morfa Harlech and Morfa Dyffryn in Gwynedd and at Pendine and Pembrey Burrows in Carmarthenshire and at Merthyr-mawr Warren and Kenfig Burrows in Glamorgan.

In just the last decade, at least 35 percent of the world's mangroves have been destroyed, exceeding the rate of the disappearance of tropical rainforests. Mangroves provide a number of essentials for many different ecosystems, including food and shelter for a diverse animal community, living both below and above sea level. Maintaining a healthy mangrove forest sustains natural protection and is less expensive than seawalls and similar erosion control structures, which can increase erosion in front of the structure and at adjacent properties due to coastal currents. Unless ecosystems have the space to adjust their location or elevation in the intertidal zone to the sea-level rise, they will be stressed by changed inundation periods.

It is about a mile long. Moody Beach is central in the debate over public access versus private rights to the Maine shore. In March 1989, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court sided with homeowners in Bell v. Town of Wells, also known as the Moody Beach case. The court affirmed that, in Maine, owners of beachfront property or property adjoining tidelands have private property rights to the low-water mark or low tide area, subject only to a public easement for “fishing, fowling, and navigation.” The case is often cited as authority for the notion that the public has only very limited rights in intertidal zone (the area between high and low tide).

Four lines of obstacles were constructed in the intertidal zone. The first, a non-contiguous line with a small gap in the middle of Dog White and a larger gap across the whole of Easy Red, was out from the highwater line and consisted of 200 Belgian Gates with mines lashed to the uprights. behind these was a continuous line of logs driven into the sand pointing seaward, every third one capped with an anti-tank mine. Another shoreward of this line was a continuous line of 450 ramps sloping towards the shore, also with mines attached and designed to force flat-bottomed landing craft to ride up and either flip or detonate the mine.

When on land and heating up, the higher heart rate of about 100 beats per minute aids in spreading the heat throughout the body. To conserve heat during the night, they often sleep closely together in groups that may number up to 50 individuals, while others sleep alone below plants or in crevices. In general, the time of each foraging trip is directly related to the water temperature; the colder the water the shorter the foraging trip. Additionally, marine iguanas that forage in or near the intertidal zone prefer to do so during low tides, allowing them to remain on land (on rocks exposed by the tide) or return to land faster.

Tolowa people foraged on, but did not live on the island, their village sites were on the headlands near Castle Rock and towards Point St. George where the intertidal zone provided shellfish and seaweed. Tolowa Indian Settlements are California Registered Historical Landmark No. 649 The Tolowa hunted sea lions from to long sea-going canoes at St. George Reef and Castle Rock. They also hunted and ate sea otters, sea lions, whales, harbor and fur seals as well as birds, eggs and juvenile birds with the most common midden bird bones being from immature cormorants. In May, men would collect eggs to be eaten as well as blown empty and used to make decorative garlands.

He created a comic called The Intertidal Zone, which he used to teach his students. It featured anthropomorphic forms of sea life, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters—including "Bob the Sponge", the comic's co-host, who resembled an actual sea sponge, as opposed to his later SpongeBob SquarePants character, who resembles a kitchen sponge. He tried to get the comic published, but the publishers he approached turned him down. During this time, Hillenburg also started going to animation festivals such as the International Tournée of Animation and Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation where films made by students from the California Institute of the Arts (colloquially called CalArts) were shown.

L. sanguineus occurs on the coasts of northwestern Europe, its range extending from Sweden southwards through the North Sea to the British Isles, Belgium and France. It is also recorded in North America, including in the Bay of Fundy, in Brandy Cove, in the Digdeguash Estuary and in the Gulf of Maine, as well as the Pacific coast. It is typically found burrowing in muddy sand, including blackish sediment with a high content of organic matter, under stones and rocks, in crevices and among coralline algae in the intertidal zone, from mid- beach downwards. There is some uncertainty about the precise range because of the lack of exact identification of specimens, especially those collected several decades ago.

The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest, steppe, grassland, semi-arid or desert. Fresh-water habitats include marshes, streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds; marine habitats include salt marshes, the coast, the intertidal zone, estuaries, reefs, bays, the open sea, the sea bed, deep water and submarine vents. Habitats may change over time. Causes of change may include a violent event (such as the eruption of a volcano, an earthquake, a tsunami, a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents); or change may occur more gradually over millennia with alterations in the climate, as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat, and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation.

This suggests that C. maenas is unable to cross deeper water. Females can produce up to 185,000 eggs, and larvae develop offshore in several stages before their final moult to juvenile crabs in the intertidal zone. Young crabs live among seaweeds and seagrasses, such as Posidonia oceanica, until they reach adulthood. Argopecten irradians, a scallop which has been affected by the introduction of C. maenas C. maenas has the ability to disperse by a variety of mechanisms, including ballast water, ships' hulls, packing materials (seaweeds) used to ship live marine organisms, bivalves moved for aquaculture, rafting, migration of crab larvae on ocean currents, and the movement of submerged aquatic vegetation for coastal zone management initiatives.

A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area, it can be the interior of a stem, a rotten log, a rock or a clump of moss; a parasitic organism has as its habitat the body of its host, part of the host's body (such as the digestive tract), or a single cell within the host's body. Geographic habitat types include polar, temperate, subtropical and tropical. The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest, steppe, grassland, semi-arid or desert. Fresh-water habitats include marshes, streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds; marine habitats include salt marshes, the coast, the intertidal zone, estuaries, reefs, bays, the open sea, the sea bed, deep water and submarine vents.

This snail is found frequently on rocks in the low intertidal zone and in the shallow subtidal zone on large kelp, especially the giant kelp Macrocystis. Calliostoma eats a variety of items including the kelp it lives on as well as small sessile organisms and other material that live on rocks or kelp surfaces, including bryozoans, hydroids, diatoms, and detritus. This snail shows a remarkable range of behavioral reactions to other animals. Snails displayed a flight response with movement rates up to 10 cm/min, often accompanied by shell twisting, between 70% and 100% of the time after contact with the following predatory seastars: Leptasterias hexactis, Pycnopodia helianthoides, Pisaster ochraceus, and Evasterias troscheli.

Willapa Bay is fairly shallow: more than half of its surface area lies in the intertidal zone, and half of the volume of water inside it enters and leaves with every tide. The bay is an estuary formed when the Long Beach Peninsula, a long sand spit from the Columbia River to the south, partially enclosed the estuaries of several smaller rivers. It is a ria, which formed after the rise in sea level at the end of the last ice age flooded several small river valleys.NOAA-NWFSC Tech Memo-32: Status Review of Chum Salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California, NOAA The North River, Willapa River, and Naselle River provide most of the freshwater input into the bay.

A large number of live venerid bivalves underwater with their siphons visible Pacific oyster equipped with activity electrodes to follow its daily behaviour Most bivalves adopt a sedentary or even sessile lifestyle, often spending their whole lives in the area in which they first settled as juveniles. The majority of bivalves are infaunal, living under the seabed, buried in soft substrates such as sand, silt, mud, gravel, or coral fragments. Many of these live in the intertidal zone where the sediment remains damp even when the tide is out. When buried in the sediment, burrowing bivalves are protected from the pounding of waves, desiccation, and overheating during low tide, and variations in salinity caused by rainwater.

Some microclimates in the littoral zone are moderated by local features and larger plants such as mangroves. Adaptation in the littoral zone allows the use of nutrients supplied in high volume on a regular basis from the sea, which is actively moved to the zone by tides. Edges of habitats, in this case land and sea, are themselves often significant ecologies, and the littoral zone is a prime example. A typical rocky shore can be divided into a spray zone or splash zone (also known as the supratidal zone), which is above the spring high-tide line and is covered by water only during storms, and an intertidal zone, which lies between the high and low tidal extremes.

Cold seeps are common along continental margins in areas of high primary productivity and tectonic activity, where crustal deformation and compaction drive emissions of methane rich fluid. Cold seeps are patchily distributed and they occur most frequently near ocean margins from intertidal to hadal depths. In Chile cold seeps are known from the intertidal zone, in Kattegat the methane seeps are known as "bubbling reefs" and are typically at depths of , and off northern California they can be found as shallow as . Most cold seeps are located considerably deeper, well beyond the reach of ordinary scuba diving, and the deepest seep community known is found in the Japan Trench at a depth of .

Corythoichthys amplexus, known commonly as the many-spotted pipefish or yellow-spotted pipefish , is a species of marine fish in the family Syngnathidae. The many-spotted pipefish is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the central Indo-Pacific region, from Indonesia to the Philippines. It occurs mainly in shallow rubble lagoons among algae and seagrasses, it is frequently recorded in the intertidal zone, and is normally found in only a few metres depth. Like other pipefish this species is ovoviviparous and the male bears the fertilised eggs in a brood pouch located under his tail The many-spotted pipefish is a small fish and can reach a maximum total length of length.

New research started in 1985 during excavations for the construction of a building at 500 Boylston Street suggest a different understanding of the previous fish weir evidence. Radiocarbon dating, refined pollen sample analysis, and accurate surveys allowed the fish weir stakes to be understood to straddle many different stratigraphic layers. Rather than one large weir built at one moment in history, this new evidence suggests that fish weir remains discovered in this and previous excavations were parts of many smaller weirs, built in different locations, over a 1,500-year time span. Lead archeologist Dena Dincauze describes the fish weirs being short structures designed to harvest herring and other small fish that spawn in the late spring in the gentle waters of the intertidal zone.

Stephen Hillenburg originally conceived early versions of the SpongeBob SquarePants characters in 1984, while he was teaching and studying marine biology at what is now the Orange County Marine Institute in Dana Point, California. During this period, Hillenburg became fascinated with animation, and wrote a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone starring various anthropomorphic forms of sea creatures, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters, including "Bob the Sponge", who was the co-host of the comic and resembled an actual sea sponge as opposed to SpongeBob. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue his dream of becoming an animator. series bible Patrick, Mr. Krabs, Pearl, and Squidward were the first other characters Hillenburg created for the show.

Aerial view of Little Brewster Island and Boston Light, 2010 Little Brewster Island with Boston Light Little Brewster Island is a rocky outer island in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. It is best known as the location of Boston Light, one of only five remaining Coast Guard-staffed lighthouses in the United States, and an important navigation aid for traffic to and from the Port of Boston. The island is situated some offshore of downtown Boston and has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further . Like the neighboring islands of Great Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster, Little Brewster Island is named after William Brewster, the first preacher and teacher for the Plymouth Colony.

Knitted glove made of sea silk, from Taranto, Italy, probably from the late 19th century Pinna nobilis shell and byssus The extreme fineness of the byssus thread Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare, and valuable fabric that is made from the long silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of pen shells (in particular Pinna nobilis). The byssus is used by the clam to attach itself to the sea bed. Sea silk was produced in the Mediterranean region from the large marine bivalve mollusc Pinna nobilis until early in the 20th century. The shell, which is sometimes almost a metre long, adheres itself to rocks with a tuft of very strong thin fibres, pointed end down, in the intertidal zone.

Microclimate on rock located in intertidal zone in Sunrise-on-Sea, South Africa A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight difference but sometimes with a substantial one. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or square feet (for example a garden bed or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers or square miles. Because climate is statistical, which implies spatial and temporal variation of the mean values of the describing parameters, within a region there can occur and persist over time sets of statistically distinct conditions, that is, microclimates. Microclimates can be found in most places.

In such situations corrosion- proof reinforcing can extend a structure's life substantially, for example in the intertidal zone. FRP rods may also be useful in situations where it is likely that the concrete structure may be compromised in future years, for example the edges of balconies when balustrades are replaced, and bathroom floors in multi-story construction where the service life of the floor structure is likely to be many times the service life of the waterproofing building membrane. Plastic reinforcement often is stronger, or at least has a better strength to weight ratio than reinforcing steels. Also, because it resists corrosion, it does not need a protective concrete cover as thick as steel reinforcement does (typically 30 to 50 mm or more).

Its depth range is from the lower intertidal zone to the shallow subtidal zone and it lives on rock rubble, oyster beds, soft sediments, and mangroves. On the South Carolina and Georgia coasts, it has become very numerous, with densities as high as 30,000 individuals per square metre (2,800 per square foot) having been recorded. It is causing concern because of its impact on the local environment, the fact that it competes with native species, and the concern that it may affect shellfish production in oyster beds. It seems likely that the larvae of Petrolisthes armatus have been carried to new locations in ballast water, or it may have been introduced during the seeding of oyster or other shellfish beds during aquaculture procedures.

Tresus nuttallii, common name the Pacific gaper, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mactridae. It also shares the common name horse clam with Tresus capax, a species which is similar in morphology and lifestyle. Both species are somewhat similar to the Geoduck (Panopea generosa which is in the family Hiatellidae), though smaller, with shells up to eight inches long (20 cm), weight to 3-4 lb (1.4-1.8 kg). Two species commonly known as "horse clams" inhabit the intertidal zone of the West Coast of the United States: the Pacific gaper, T. nuttallii, which is more abundant south to California; and the fat gaper, T. capax, which is more abundant north to Alaska.

A rarely seen portion of an unknown wreck within the intertidal zone of Bamburgh Castle Beach was reported to MAST by Steve Brown, a PADI Basic Archaeological Diver (BAD) Instructor and local historian. MAST has conducted two preliminary surveys of the site in 2013 to establish the extent of the site and how much remains under the sand. The survival and position of some of the features within the wreck would suggest that the buried structure could be mostly intact as the position of hull structure, deck beams, masts and even deck fittings are all as would be expected from a mostly intact buried vessel. Dendrochronological samples were taken as part of this survey to try and establish the date and origin of the vessel.

From the video, Austin recognized some of the most noticeable invertebrates and noted that a few species generally occurring in the intertidal zone and in shallow subtidal environments were found deeper than might normally be expected, and were bigger than normal. A team of five divers, led by photographer/videographer Neil McDaniel, visited the seamount August 3–5, 2003 and conducted a biological and photographic survey of the summit down to depths of about . A total of 18 taxa of algae, 83 taxa of conspicuous invertebrates and 12 taxa of fishes were documented, approximately 180 underwater still photographs were taken and approximately 90 minutes of digital video were recorded. Of particular note were the dense schools of rockfish hovering over the summit and numerous curious prowfish.

Although various National Trails already existed along England's coast, the first stretch of the official England Coast Path was opened at Weymouth Bay in Dorset in 2012.Andrew McCloy, "The England Coast Path: The challenge of plotting a path by the sea" 6 May 2018 Cicerone In December 2014 the UK Government, encouraged by the success of the Wales Coast Path, announced that more than £5 million of additional funding was being committed over the following 5 years, to complete the Path by 2020, a decade earlier than would have otherwise been possible. In the UK public access to the foreshore, below the line marking high tide, has existed for a long time. The intertidal zone is generally deemed to be owned by the Crown although there are some exceptions.

Other improvements were establishment of a radio network, providing environmental education to the villagers and community members assisting in legal proceeding in the court against unlawful activities. In the same year Kizimkazi became the headquarters of MBCA, and the area has also started attracting tourists. While the first phase of the project was completed, in June 2002, further activity has been continued under the World Bank funded project titled the "Marine and Coastal Environment Management Project" (MACEMP) which includes the MBCA area also under the multimillion-dollar funding programme. In 2003, under a grant received from the McKnight Foundation, instituted bivalve farming in the Fumba Peninsula of the project area to increase resource base of the intertidal zone and of wild stocks of oysters, isognomon, mussels and clams.

The Sippewissett microbial mat is a microbial mat in the Sippewissett Salt Marsh located along the lower eastern Buzzards Bay shoreline of Cape Cod, about 5 miles north of Woods Hole and 1 mile southwest of West Falmouth, Massachusetts, in the United States. The marsh has two regions, the Great Sippewisset Marsh to the north and Little Sippewisset Marsh to the south, separated from each other by a narrow tongue of land (Saconesset Hills). The marsh extends into an estuary in which the intertidal zone provides a dynamic environment that supports a diverse ecology, including threatened and endangered species such as the roseate tern (Sterna dougallii). The ecology of the salt marsh is based in and supported by the microbial mats which cover the ground of the marsh.

The juveniles generally stay in water less than deep, with the youngest sharks spending the most time in the shallowest parts of the bay. They swim into the intertidal zone with the rising tide and depart as the tide recedes; this movement may relate to exploiting foraging opportunities on the submerged mud flats, or to avoiding predation or competition by staying out of the deeper waters occupied by larger sharks. There is also an annual movement cycle where the juveniles move closer to the river mouths during the dry season and farther from them during the wet season; since the rainy season brings a higher flow of fresh water into the bay, the sharks may be responding directly or indirectly to the resultant decrease in salinity and dissolved oxygen levels.

The North Norfolk Coast SSSI was created in 1986 from preexisting SSSIs at Blakeney Point, Holme Dunes, Cley Marshes, Salthouse Marshes (all designated in 1954), Morston Saltmarshes, Brancaster Manor (1968), Stiffkey Saltmarshes (1969), Thornham Marshes (1972) and Titchwell Marsh (1973), together with the national nature reserves (NNRs) at Scolt Head Island and Holkham, and substantial formerly undesignated areas. It has a wide variety of habitats. Bare mud, sand and shingle characterise the intertidal zone along the whole of the coast, although higher areas may have algae or eelgrass that are grazed by ducks and geese in winter. The salt marshes which form on sheltered parts of the coast, in the lee of islands, or behind spits are described in the SSSI notification document as "among the best in Europe ... flora is exceptionally diverse".

Some evidence shows that the idea for SpongeBob SquarePants dates back to 1986, during Hillenburg's time at the Orange County Marine Institute. He indicated that children's television series such as The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse (19871988) and Pee-wee's Playhouse (19861991) "sparked something in [him]." He continued, "I don't know if this is true for everybody else, but it always seems like, for me, I'll start thinking about something and it takes about ten years to actually have it happen, or have someone else believe in it... It took me a few years to get [SpongeBob SquarePants] together." During the production of Rocko's Modern Life, Martin Olson, one of the writers, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept.

Beach worms (especially 'kingworms' A. teres) are targeted by anglers for use as bait to catch fish. To catch beach worms, anglers generally wait for low tide when the intertidal zone is exposed, and lure worms up out of the sand to the surface by washing a bait (often of old fish frames or pilchards in a stocking) in the water as waves recede. The worm smells the fish and raises its head up out of the sand as much as 25mm, allowing the angler to see the worm, catch it, and pull it out of the sand by hand or with pliers. The caught worms are then used immediately as bait for fishing, or stored in a bucket of fresh sea water or a handful of damp sand for later use.

Whilst there was an early seawall made by the French government in 1735, this was not "hard structure coastal defense" so much as an adjunct to the old shipping pier and a transition from the beach to the city, Today, the seawall consists of rows of granite boulders which are reinforced every year in an attempt to stop erosion. As a consequence of the seawall, there is severe seabed erosion and turbulence at the coastal margin, resulting in an extreme loss of biodiversity within the critical intertidal zone. Whenever gaps appear as the stones fall into the continually eroding seabed, the government adds more boulders. Pondicherry's seawall has also caused beach erosion to migrate further up the coast, to the fishing villages in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu to the north of the city.

Dissipative beaches are wide and flat in profile, with a wide shoaling and surf zone, composed of finer sediment, and characterised by spilling breakers. Reflective beaches are steep, and are known for their coarse sand; they have no surf zone, and the waves break brusquely on the intertidal zone. Reflective beaches are typically steep in profile with a narrow shoaling and surf zone, composed of coarse sediment, and characterised by surging breakers. Coarser sediment allows percolation during the swash part of the wave cycle, thus reducing the strength of backwash and allowing material to be deposited in the swash zone Depending on beach state, near bottom currents show variations in the relative dominance of motions due to: incident waves, subharmonic oscillations, infragravity oscillations, and mean longshore and rip currents.

High tides (blue) at the nearest and furthest points of the Earth from the Moon Tides are the regular rise and fall in water level experienced by seas and oceans in response to the gravitational influences of the Moon and the Sun, and the effects of the Earth's rotation. During each tidal cycle, at any given place the water rises to a maximum height known as "high tide" before ebbing away again to the minimum "low tide" level. As the water recedes, it uncovers more and more of the foreshore, also known as the intertidal zone. The difference in height between the high tide and low tide is known as the tidal range or tidal amplitude. Most places experience two high tides each day, occurring at intervals of about 12 hours and 25 minutes.

South Sea Recreation Area () includes Tongpan islet (桶盤嶼), Hujing Island (), Wangan Township (望安鄉) and Cimei Township (). Tongpan islet and Hujing islet are both known for their abundant geological features: the entire Tongpan islet is surrounded by basalt columns of clear lines that form walls, the most enriched in Penghu, and has long been known as the "Yellowstone Park of Penghu". Wangan Township (望安鄉) used to be known as "Bazhao" (八罩), "zhao" (罩) in Taiwanese means "collective", which is the collection of eight islands. Since Wangan Island houses a harbor with a seabed composed by a mixture of sand beach and mud, in the early days, in addition to coastal fishery and intertidal zone fishing, local residents used to round up catches with a drag net.

Stephen Hillenburg, shown here in 2011, created SpongeBob SquarePants, which premiered on May 1, 1999. SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator, Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. The series is set in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom, and centers on the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob SquarePants, an over-optimistic sea sponge that annoys other characters. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 after the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, another Nickelodeon television series that Hillenburg previously directed. Since its debut on May 1, 1999, SpongeBob SquarePants has broadcast episodes, and its twelfth season premiered on November 11, 2018.

The Tana River Delta Ramsar Site is a wetland on the Tana River protected under the Ramsar Convention located in the Coast Province of Kenya. It was gazetted as Kenya's 6th Ramsar Site. The Tana River Delta is the second most important estuarine and river delta (deltaic) ecosystem in Eastern Africa, comprising a variety of freshwater, floodplain, estuarine and coastal habitats with extensive and diverse mangrove systems, marine brackish and freshwater intertidal zone (intertidal areas), pristine beaches and shallow marine areas, forming productive and functionally interconnected ecosystems. This diversity in habitats permits diverse hydrological functions and a rich biodiversity including coastal and marine prawns, shrimps, bivalves and fish, five species of threatened marine turtles and IUCN red-listed African elephant (Loxodonta africana), Tana River mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus), Tana River red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus rufomitratus) and White-collared Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis albotorquatus).

They are littoral and sublittoral species which grow in muddy estuaries attached to pebbles or docks. They also can be found on rocks or in rock pools. Ulva linza can be found in the upper intertidal zone of seashoresFinlay, J. A., Callow, M. E., Schultz, M. P., Swain, G. W., & Callow, J. A. (2002). Adhesion strength of settled spores of the green alga enteromorpha. Biofouling, 18(4), 251-256. doi:10.1080/08927010290029010. Ulva linza has been found in Wembury beach, UKLM Granhag , JA Finlay , PR Jonsson , JA Callow & ME Callow (2004) Roughness-dependent Removal of Settled Spores of the Green Alga Ulva (syn. Enteromorpha) Exposed to Hydrodynamic Forces from a Water Jet, Biofouling, 20:2, 117-122, DOI: 10.1080/08927010410001715482, Narragansett Bay, Rhode IslandGuidone, M., Thornber, C., Wysor, B., & O'Kelly, C. J. (2013). Molecular and morphological diversity of narragansett bay (RI, USA) ulva (ulvales, chlorophyta) populations.

The main attraction at the Scottish Seabird Centre is the recently refurbished (2019) Discovery Experience that contains interactive wildlife cameras which allow visitors to observe northern gannets, Atlantic puffins, shags, cormorants and other seabirds on the islands in the Firth of Forth. Additional wildlife includes seals and occasional sightings of dolphins and whales. The Discovery Experience also has a number of informative storyboards, mechanical and digital exhibits which bring Scotland's seabirds and underwater world to visitors. The exhibits cover: • Seabirds (covering migration, seabird colonies, breeding and feeding) • Threats (covering fishing, invasive species, climate change and pollution) • Marine (kelp forests, coral reef, seals, cetaceans, intertidal zone) • Discover (recent sightings, interactive live cameras, seasonal wildlife) There's a kids zone, gift shop and licensed cafe with an outdoor sun deck overlooking the Firth of Forth to the Bass Rock, and on a clear day to the Isle of May.

SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated comedy television series created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his aquatic friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The fifth-longest-running American animated series, its popularity has made it a media franchise. It is the highest rated series to air on Nickelodeon and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks' most distributed property. As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon. Many of the series' ideas originated in The Intertidal Zone, an unpublished educational book that Hillenburg created in 1989 to teach his students about undersea life. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 following the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life. He turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.

Many clingfish live in the intertidal zone and can survive for long periods out of water, as first described for Diplecogaster bimaculata in 1891 Lepadichthys lineatus and some other clingfish species are associated with crinoids Clingfishes are primarily found near the shore in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, including marginal seas such as the Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and Gulf of California. The greatest species richness is in tropical and warm temperate regions, but the range of a few extends into colder waters, like Diplecogaster bimaculata (north to Norway), Apletodon dentatus, Lepadogaster candolii and L. purpurea (all three north to Scotland; the last formerly mistaken for the mostly Mediterranean L. lepadogaster), Gobiesox maeandricus (north to Alaska), Gobiesox marmoratus and Sicyases sanguineus (both to southernmost South America), and Gastrocymba quadriradiata (from New Zealand's subantarctic islands). Clingfishes mainly inhabit shallow rocky reefs and shores, coral reefs, seagrass meadows and algae beds. They often live in places exposed to strong currents and wave action, and some are amphibious.

The land claim was subsequently resolved and revised legislation was assented on 11 December 2015 with the title of the land was given to the Mantiyupwi Tiwi people on 12 March 2018. In 2013, the Tiwi Land Council, a statutory body which acts on behalf of the Tiwi Islanders, proposed to add the patrol of the coastline of the island group and adjoining waters to its usual management agenda to monitor “weeds and/or feral animals, marine debris, unusual events such as fish kills or unseasonal algal blooms,” and “visitor numbers.” The Tiwi Land Council allows recreational fishing in the islands’ intertidal zone, but requires those persons wishing to access any of the three islands to obtain a visitor permit. The Tiwi islanders refer to the island group as the Potinga Islands with Kulangana being the name for Southwest Vernon Island, Warabatj being the name for Northwest Vernon Island and Muma being the name for East Vernon Island.

Further down the ridges were black wattles, tea- trees and swamp oaks and these gave way at the marshy and muddy intertidal zone to mangroves. Blackwattle Bay extended in a rivulet to Parramatta Road, Wentworth Park occupies the reclaimed headwaters of this bay. Governor Phillip made the observation that this land was: The land was not suited to farming because of its topography and soils and the first European associated with it, the Reverend Richard Johnson, famously described his land as "four hundred acres not worth four pence". Despite its limited use for agricultural purposes the timber was a valuable raw material and by the 1820s at least a substantial portion of the land in the vicinity of the study area had been cleared and fenced ready for sale. In 1790 Governor Phillip reserved approximately of land to the south and west of Blackwattle Creek as a Glebe devoted to supporting the Anglican Church.

In addition, there is an SSSI at Amble Marshes on the River Amble which flows into the Camel Estuary between Wadebridge and Rock. The River Camel was designated by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee as a Special Area of Conservation in April 2005 as being of European importance for the otter and the bullhead, and this was reviewed in 2015. However publically available information on the area is unclear as the DEFRA Joint Nature Conservation Committee website shows the area stretching from Pinkson Creek on the Camel estuary up to Polbrock bridge, but incorporating Pinkson Creek, the River Allen to just upstream of Sladesbridge, and the Polmorla Brook almost to the edge of the Wadebridge built-up area, and incorporating all of the intertidal zone. In contrast, both the Marine Conservation Institute and ProtectedPlanet show the area from Wadebridge bridge upstream, including the Ruthern, Allen, De Lank and Stannon, all being shown as covered to their respective sources.

Later, when erosion of the island's shoreline occurred, the band of semilithifed sediment was exposed within the intertidal zone and the semilithified sediments were cemented into beachrock. As the sediments underlying the eroding shoreline were eroded down to Pleistocene limestone, the beachrock broke into flat-lying, tabular, and rectangular, subrectangular, polygonal, and irregular blocks as observed for modern beaches within the Bahamas by E. Davaud and A. Strasser. Thinner layers of beachrock underlying the primary bed of beachrock were also broken up as the loose sediments enclosing them and the thicker primary bed were eroded. As the loose sediment was scoured out from under the blocks and other pieces of beachrock by so- called "scour and settling processes", they dropped downward for several meters until they rested directly on the erosion-resistant Pleistocene limestone as an erosional lag.McNinch, J.E., J.T.Wells, T.G. Drake, 2001, The fate of artifacts in an energetic, shallow-water environment: scour and burial at the wreck site of Queen Anne's Revenge.

Culture there takes place on the bottom, in plastic trays, in mesh bags, on rafts or on long lines, either in shallow water or in the intertidal zone. The oysters are ready for harvesting in 18 to 30 months depending on the size required. Similar techniques are used in different parts of the world to cultivate other species including the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea commercialis), the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria), the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), the grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus), the Japanese carpet shell (Venerupis philippinarum), the pullet carpet shell (Venerupis pullastra) and the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Production of bivalve molluscs by mariculture in 2010 was 12,913,199 tons, up from 8,320,724 tons in 2000. Culture of clams, cockles and ark shells more than doubled over this time period from 2,354,730 to 4,885,179 tons. Culture of mussels over the same period grew from 1,307,243 to 1,812,371 tons, of oysters from 3,610,867 to 4,488,544 tons and of scallops from 1,047,884 to 1,727,105 tons.

Shore of Grand Anse Beach, Saint George Parish, Grenada, West Indies Sunrise on the Jersey Shore at Spring Lake, New Jersey, U.S. The rocky shoreline of Taylor Head Provincial Park in Eastern Shore, Nova Scotia, Canada Shore at Heishijiao Geological Park, Dalian, China Aerial view of the shoreline at the Phi Phi Islands, Thailand A shore or a shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. In physical oceanography, a shore is the wider fringe that is geologically modified by the action of the body of water past and present, while the beach is at the edge of the shore, representing the intertidal zone where there is one. In contrast to a coast, a shore can border any body of water, while the coast must border an ocean; in that sense a coast is a type of shore; however, coast often refers to an area far wider than the shore, often stretching miles into the interior. Shores are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape, as well as by water induced erosion, such as waves.