Stealware refers to a type of malware that covertly transfers money or data to a third party. Specifically, stealware uses an HTTP cookie to redirect the commission ordinarily earned by the site for referring users to another site.
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A session token is a unique identifier that is generated and sent from a server to a client to identify the current interaction session. The client usually stores and sends the token as an HTTP cookie and/or sends it as a parameter in GET or POST queries. The reason to use session tokens is that the client only has to handle the identifier—all session data is stored on the server (usually in a database, to which the client does not have direct access) linked to that identifier. Examples of the names that some programming languages use when naming their HTTP cookie include JSESSIONID (JSP), PHPSESSID (PHP), CGISESSID (CGI), and ASPSESSIONID (ASP).
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The session identifier on most modern systems is stored by default in an HTTP cookie, which has a moderate level of security as long as the session system disregards GET/POST values. However, this solution is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery, and it does not meet the statelessness requirement of REST.
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Cookies are used as identifying tokens in many computer applications. When one visits a website, the remote server may leave an HTTP cookie on one's computer, where they are often used to authenticate identity upon returning to the website. Cookies are a component of the most common authentication method used by the X Window System.
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A zombie cookie is an HTTP cookie that is recreated after deletion. The term was created by Attorney Joseph H. Malley who initiated the Super-Cookie Class Actions in 2010. Cookies are recreated from backups stored outside the web browser's dedicated cookie storage. It may be stored online or directly onto the visitor's computer, in a breach of browser security.
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Paxfire's approach affects all of the end-user's transactions involving the domain name system (essentially all Internet application transactions) rather than just an end-user's web browser. The default behavior will automatically redirect mistyped web URLs to MSN Search. Paxfire's provides 2 methods to opt out of the service. The first method employs an HTTP Cookie and the second method employs IP address filtering at the Paxfire appliance.
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It is unrelated to the HTTP cookie. When C.D. Tavares heard the idea at MIT, he decided to automate it. Since then, the program has been shared on different operating systems. The automated program ran on PDP series minicomputers and was later replicated for Atari in two strains, called Cookie Monster Virus A and B. The only difference is that Virus B can survive a system reset if the system is not completely powered down.
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Zedo (trademark styled as ZEDO) is a privately held company founded in 1999 by Roy de Souza, which provides several online advertising products and services to Internet publishers, advertisers, and agencies. The company works with publishers who sell space on their web pages to online advertisers. Zedo's servers send advertisements to users' browsers. Zedo uses an HTTP cookie to track users' browsing history resulting in targeted pop-up ad and pop-under ads.
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In 2015, security researchers from KU Leuven presented new attacks against RC4 in both TLS and WPA-TKIP. Dubbed the Numerous Occurrence MOnitoring & Recovery Exploit (NOMORE) attack, it is the first attack of its kind that was demonstrated in practice. Their attack against TLS can decrypt a secure HTTP cookie within 75 hours. The attack against WPA-TKIP can be completed within an hour, and allows an attacker to decrypt and inject arbitrary packets.
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Misfortune Cookie is computer software vulnerability of certain set of network routers' firmware which found be leveraged by an attacker to gain access remotely. Tyne CVSS rating for this vulnerability is rated between 9.8 and 10 on the scale of 10. The attacker in this scenario sends a crafted HTTP cookie attribute to the vulnerable system's (network router) web-management portal where the attacker's content overwrites the device memory. The contents of the cookie act as command to the router which then abides by the commands.
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In web security, cross-site tracing (abbreviated "XST") is a network security vulnerability exploiting the HTTP TRACE method. XST scripts exploit ActiveX, Flash, or any other controls that allow executing an HTTP TRACE request. The HTTP TRACE response includes all the HTTP headers including authentication data and HTTP cookie contents, which are then available to the script. In combination with cross domain access flaws in web browsers, the exploit is able to collect the cached credentials of any web site, including those utilizing SSL.
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This ID-tag is then sent to the website, upon which the website plants another encrypted HTTP cookie in the user's computer, also time-limited. As long as these cookies are valid, the user is not required to supply a username and password. If the user actively logs out of their Microsoft account, these cookies will be removed. Microsoft account offers a user two different methods for creating an account: #Use an existing e-mail address: Users are able to use their own valid e-mail address to sign up for a Microsoft account.
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Secure cookies are a type of HTTP cookie that have Secure attribute set, which limits the scope of the cookie to "secure" channels (where "secure" is defined by the user agent, typically web browser). When a cookie has the Secure attribute, the user agent will include the cookie in an HTTP request only if the request is transmitted over a secure channel (typically HTTPS). Although seemingly useful for protecting cookies from active network attackers, the Secure attribute protects only the cookie's confidentiality. An active network attacker can overwrite Secure cookies from an insecure channel, disrupting their integrity.
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In January 2015 Tradedoubler acquired the independent German technology company, Adnologies, a data-driven advertising specialist. In March 2015 Reworld Media became the principal owner of Tradedoubler by acquiring a 19,1 stake in the company. In September 2015 Tradedoubler launched Cookieless tracking technology to allow online behavior to be tracked, even when a HTTP cookie is not present, by creating a device fingerprint. In 2016 Tradedoubler launched User Journey Insights as part of their business intelligence tool for giving advertisers visibility of their online customer journeys from affiliate data to the full spectrum of their digital marketing activity.
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This mechanism bears a particular significance for modern web applications that extensively depend on HTTP cookiesIETF HTTP State Management Mechanism, Apr, 2011 to maintain authenticated user sessions, as servers act based on the HTTP cookie information to reveal sensitive information or take state-changing actions. A strict separation between content provided by unrelated sites must be maintained on the client-side to prevent the loss of data confidentiality or integrity. It's very important to remember that the same-origin policy applies only to scripts. This means that resources such as images, CSS, and dynamically-loaded scripts can be accessed across origins via the corresponding HTML tags (with fonts being a notable exception).
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An HTTP cookie (also called web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie) is a small piece of data stored on the user's computer by the web browser while browsing a website. Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information (such as items added in the shopping cart in an online store) or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past). They can also be used to remember pieces of information that the user previously entered into form fields, such as names, addresses, passwords, and payment card numbers. Cookies perform essential functions in the modern web.
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Like the HTTP cookie, a flash cookie (also known as a "Local Shared Object") can be used to save application data. Flash cookies are not shared across domains. An August 2009 study by the Ashkan Soltani and a team of researchers at UC Berkeley found that 50% of websites using Flash were also employing flash cookies, yet privacy policies rarely disclosed them, and user controls for privacy preferences were lacking. Most browsers' cache and history suppress or delete functions did not affect Flash Player's writing Local Shared Objects to its own cache in version 10.2 and earlier, at which point the user community was much less aware of the existence and function of Flash cookies than HTTP cookies.
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In the past, the site employed HTTP cookie and HTTP referer inspection to display content selectively. The page shown employed JavaScript to display answers to humans after some content showing how to become a member. Subsequently, when an internal link was clicked by the user, they were blocked from viewing the answer information until either becoming a paid member or spoofing their browser's User Agent string to that of a search engine crawler such as GoogleBot. In response to these obfuscation techniques, which prevented anonymous users from seeing answer content, a few members of the community wrote articles about how to bypass the obfuscation by spoofing one's web browser referrer using an addon like Smart Referrer and setting the referer as being from Google.
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Although Google was already deriving the vast majority of its income from advertising at the time of its 2004 IPO, it did not use any HTTP cookie-based web tracking until during the 2007-2008 financial crisis on Google. By 2006, Google's Ad revenue was already facing signs of decline, as "a growing number of advertisers were refusing to buy display ads from Google." The financial crisis pushed Google into a hiring freeze, and potentially to the edge of bankruptcy if ad revenue would keep declining. With a market cap of more than $100 billion, if Google was to go bankrupt, it would have serious implications on a stock market that was already seriously hit by the crisis (see United States bear market of 2007–2009).
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An HTTP cookie (also called web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie) is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the user's web browser while the user is browsing. Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information (such as items added in the shopping cart in an online store) or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past). They can also be used to remember arbitrary pieces of information that the user previously entered into form fields such as names, addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers. Cookies perform essential functions in the modern web.
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In computer science, session hijacking, sometimes also known as cookie hijacking is the exploitation of a valid computer session—sometimes also called a session key—to gain unauthorized access to information or services in a computer system. In particular, it is used to refer to the theft of a magic cookie used to authenticate a user to a remote server. It has particular relevance to web developers, as the HTTP cookies used to maintain a session on many web sites can be easily stolen by an attacker using an intermediary computer or with access to the saved cookies on the victim's computer (see HTTP cookie theft). After successfully stealing appropriate session cookies an adversary might use the Pass the Cookie technique to perform session hijacking.
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