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89 Sentences With "hostname"

How to use hostname in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "hostname" and check conjugation/comparative form for "hostname". Mastering all the usages of "hostname" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

In my script, I also fetch my current hostname using icanhazptr.com.
This information included IP addresses, online time, hostname, domain name, process listings, and more.
We were able to identify FHII-hosted sites through SSH fingerprints & Hostname hacking among others.
If you manually edit the hostname, it won't change when you change your computer name.
Like this: The hostname is one of several US IRCnet servers in the United States.
You can manually edit your hostname by clicking the Edit button under the Computer Name field.
I then display my current hostname in a notification to check that I'm connected to the VPN server.
The name you assign will also be your Mac computer's hostname for devices that use Apple's Bonjour networking technology.
In our chat client, all we need to do is issue the /server command along with the hostname of the server.
If you search for a device, you will need to enter your computer's hostname — one of its names associated with its network connection — or its IP address.
According to Cisco Talos' analysis, the malware gathered system information from infected machines — including OS version information, architecture information, whether the user has administrative rights, as well as the hostname and domain name associated with the systems — and used this intel to determine how to handle those hosts.
To access each account, the username includes the hostname, as john@hostname or john+hostname. Google Apps uses the same method.
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (LDAP, TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME) NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = ORACLE.COM TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT = ON SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME = 30 SQLNET.
If the IP address of the client cannot be resolved to a valid hostname by the server, it is used instead of the hostname. Because of the privacy implications of exposing the IP address or hostname of a client, some IRC daemons also provide privacy features, such as InspIRCD or UnrealIRCd's "+x" mode. This hashes a client IP address or masks part of a client's hostname, making it unreadable to users other than IRCops. Users may also have the option of requesting a "virtual host" (or "vhost"), to be displayed in the hostmask to allow further anonymity.
In the Internet, a hostname is a domain name assigned to a host computer. This is usually a combination of the host's local name with its parent domain's name. For example, en.wikipedia.org consists of a local hostname (en) and the domain name wikipedia.org.
This kind of hostname is translated into an IP address via the local hosts file, or the Domain Name System (DNS) resolver. It is possible for a single host computer to have several hostnames; but generally the operating system of the host prefers to have one hostname that the host uses for itself. Any domain name can also be a hostname, as long as the restrictions mentioned below are followed. So, for example, both en.wikipedia.
The desired hostname is not encrypted in the original SNI extension, so an eavesdropper can see which site is being requested.
A very common default automounter local path is of the form `/net/hostname/nfspath` where `hostname` is the host name of the remote machine and `nfspath` is the path that is exported over NFS on the remote machine. This notation generally frees the system manager from having to manage each exported path explicitly via a central automounter map.
Brambul will share information of the system to the cyberattacker. Information shared includes the IP address, hostname and the username and password.
The K-line is a local server ban (specific to a single server, not the entire IRC network) that bans the unwanted user's hostname.
If the domain name is completely specified, including a top-level domain of the Internet, then the hostname is said to be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Hostnames that include DNS domains are often stored in the Domain Name System together with the IP addresses of the host they represent for the purpose of mapping the hostname to an address, or the reverse process.
In the resolution request the client will specify the service number too, therefore it will get the record of the specified service number which is associated to the hostname.
A device with the hostname ' in the parent domain ' has the fully qualified domain name '. The FQDN uniquely distinguishes the device from any other hosts called ' in other domains.
Internet URLs use the colon to separate the protocol (such as ) from the hostname or IP address. In an IPv6 address colons (and one optional double colon) separate up to 8 groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal representation.Hinden, R.; Deering, S. (Februari 2006) IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. IETF. RFC4291. In a URL a colon follows the initial scheme name (such as HTTP and FTP), and separates a port number from the hostname or IP address.
R-tools connects over TCP port 513 with the command rlogin, r-tools is considered to be insecure because it can be configured to only require a hostname and username; transmissions using r-tools are not encrypted.
Dynamic DNS providers offer a software client program that automates the discovery and registration of the client system's public IP addresses. The client program is executed on a computer or device in the private network. It connects to the DDNS provider's systems with a unique login name; the provider uses the name to link the discovered public IP address of the home network with a hostname in the domain name system. Depending on the provider, the hostname is registered within a domain owned by the provider, or within the customer's own domain name.
Messages from Mail-11 systems were frequently gatewayed out to SMTP, Usenet, and Bitnet systems, and thus are sometimes encountered browsing archives of those systems dating from when Mail-11 was in common use. Several very large DECnet networks with Mail-11 service existed, most notably ENET, which was DEC's worldwide internal network. Another big user was HEPNET, a network for the high energy physics research community that linked many universities and research labs. Mail-11 used two colons (::) rather than an at sign (@) to separate user and hostname, and hostname came first.
In computer networking, a hostname (archaically nodename) is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication, such as the World Wide Web. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured. Internet hostnames may have appended the name of a Domain Name System (DNS) domain, separated from the host-specific label by a period ("dot"). In the latter form, a hostname is also called a domain name.
This requires that a computer's hostname be set to the call sign of the amateur operator and that the DHCP servers lease time be set to less than or equal to 10 minutes. With this method implemented the computer will send a DNS "push" request that includes the local computers hostname every time the DHCP lease is renewed. This method is supported by all modern operating systems including but not limited to Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, and Linux. 802.11 hardware may transmit and receive the entire time it is powered on even if the user is not sending data.
For applications, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) filters and X.509 certificate hostname verification, which can be modeled accurately with finite-state automata (FSA), counter-example-driven FSA learning techniques can be used to generate inputs that are more likely to find bugs.
Phoenix at the Centre for Computing History Phoenix (February 1973 – September 30, 1995) was an IBM mainframe computer at Cambridge University's Computer Laboratory. "Phoenix/MVS" was also the name of the computer's operating system, written in-house by Computer Laboratory members. Its DNS hostname was .
A screenshot from osuny.com, as it appeared on November 13, 1999 In April 1997, the osuny.com domain name was registered with intentions of reincarnating the board on the Internet. This new OSUNY became accessible via interactive telnet and ssh login at the hostname saturn.osuny.com.
Security researcher Dan Kaminsky used DNS cache analysis to determine that 568,000 networks worldwide may contain at least one XCP-infected computer. Kaminsky's technique uses the fact that DNS nameservers cache recently fetched results, and that XCP phones home to a specific hostname. By finding DNS servers that carry that hostname in cache, Kaminsky was able to approximate the number of networks affected.Dan Kaminsky's Blog After the release of the data, Kaminsky learned that an as-yet undetermined number of "Enhanced CDs" without the rootkit also phone home to the same address that rootkit-affected discs use, so infection rates are still under active investigation.
On November 23, 1992, was registered. In the 1990s, several hostnames ending in "pla.net" were active. The concept of spelling out a phrase with the parts of a hostname to form a domain hack became well established. On Friday, May 3, 2002, was registered to create .
In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface. Using the loopback interface bypasses any local network interface hardware.
Syntax: :`USER ` (RFC 1459) :`USER ` (RFC 2812) This command is used at the beginning of a connection to specify the username, hostname, real name and initial user modes of the connecting client. may contain spaces, and thus must be prefixed with a colon. Defined in RFC 1459, modified in RFC 2812.
There is a caveat. On some machines, IPv6 may be the default IP version to use by `netcat`. Thus, the host specified by the hostname is contacted using IPv6, and the user might not know about this. Ports may appear closed in the test, even though they would be open when using IPv4.
The information provided by the originator of a syslog message includes the facility code and the severity level. The syslog software adds information to the information header before passing the entry to the syslog receiver. Such components include an originator process ID, a timestamp, and the hostname or IP address of the device.
Depending on application, a record inside a domain, or subdomain might refer to a hostname, or a service provided by a number of machines in a cluster. Some websites use different subdomains to point to different server clusters. For example, `www.example.com` points to Server Cluster 1 or Datacentre 1, and `www2.example.
Server Name Indication payload is not encrypted, thus the hostname of the server the client tries to connect to is visible to a passive eavesdropper. This protocol weakness was exploited by security software for network filtering and monitoring and governments to implement censorship. Presently, there are multiple technologies attempting to encrypt Server Name Indication.
Interpretation of whitespace varies. Most implementations ignore leading and trailing whitespace around the outside of the property name. Some even ignore whitespace within values (for example, making "host name" and "hostname" equivalent). Some implementations also ignore leading and trailing whitespace around the property value; others consider all characters following the equals sign (including whitespace) to be part of the value.
The Domain Name System, first described in 1983 and implemented in 1984, automated the publication process and provided instantaneous and dynamic hostname resolution in the rapidly growing network. In modern operating systems, the hosts file remains an alternative name resolution mechanism, configurable often as part of facilities such as the Name Service Switch as either the primary method or as a fallback method.
The Inventory is a description of the nodes that can be accessed by Ansible. By default, the Inventory is described by a configuration file, in INI or YAML format, whose default location is in `/etc/ansible/hosts`. The configuration file lists either the IP address or hostname of each node that is accessible by Ansible. In addition, nodes can be assigned to groups.
The nick part is the nickname chosen by the user and may be changed while connected. The user part is the username reported by ident on the client. If ident is not available on the client, the username specified when the client connected is used after being prefixed with a tilde. The host part is the hostname the client is connecting from.
Older communications software are also able to "call out" to telnet sites. This is possible due to a custom set of "AT" commands that allow users to pass a hostname to the VMODEM software. . SIO (and the included VMODEM software) became very popular among Bulletin Board System operators due to the incoming telnet feature, as well as drastic speed improvements over other telnet solutions of the time.
A Service record (SRV record) is a specification of data in the Domain Name System defining the location, i.e., the hostname and port number, of servers for specified services. It is defined in RFC 2782, and its type code is 33. Some Internet protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) often require SRV support by network elements.
The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses `127.0.0.1` in IPv4 and `::1` for IPv6. As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses. Any other use conflicts with widely deployed algorithms relying on this convention.
Click tracking is when user click behavior or user navigational behavior is collected in order to derive insights. Click behavior is commonly tracked using server logs which encompass click paths and clicked URLs (Uniform Resource Locator). This log is often presented in a standard format including information like the hostname, date, and username. However, as technology develops, new software allows for in depth analysis of user click behavior using hypervideo tools.
One user could lookup another by using the command along with the username (and hostname if not on the local host), and the finger service would respond with the other user's current status, and the contents of the `.plan` and `.project` files in that user's `$HOME` folder. Many applications, from bash to desktop environments such as GNOME now store their per-user configuration this way, but the Unix/Linux freedesktop.
In 2004, a patch for adding TLS/SNI into OpenSSL was created by the EdelKey project. In 2006, this patch was then ported to the development branch of OpenSSL, and in 2007 it was back-ported to OpenSSL 0.9.8 (first released in 0.9.8f). For an application program to implement SNI, the TLS library it uses must implement it and the application must pass the hostname to the TLS library.
Bonjour is Apple's implementation of zero-configuration networking (zeroconf), a group of technologies that includes service discovery, address assignment, and hostname resolution. Bonjour locates devices such as printers, other computers, and the services that those devices offer on a local network using multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) service records. The software comes built- in with Apple's macOS and iOS operating systems. Bonjour can also be installed onto computers running Microsoft Windows.
Datalight ROM-DOS supports a number of additional standard environment variables as well including: ;`%DIRSIZE%`: This variable is used to define non-standard screen sizes `rows[,cols]` for `DIR` options `/P` and `/W` (similar to `%$LENGTH%` and `%$WIDTH%` under DOS Plus). ;`%NEWFILE%`: This variable is automatically set to the first parameter given to the CONFIG.SYS directive NEWFILE. `%TZ%`, `%COMM%`, `%SOCKETS%`, `%HTTP_DIR%`, `%HOSTNAME%` and `%FTPDIR%` are also used by ROM-DOS.
Uniform Resource Names (URNs) are a subset of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) used for abstract identifiers, such as a person's name or their telephone number. For URNs to be meaningful, they must be mapped to a concrete resource of some sort. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are often used to describe such resources, such as a computer hostname, or a local file. The NAPTR record aids in the standardization of URNs.
1.1 port 41193 ssh2 The fields extracted from this message are as follows: AuthMethod publickey SourceIPAddress 192.168.1.1 AccountName log4ensics SyslogFacility DAEMON SyslogSeverity INFO Severity INFO EventTime 2009-11-21 11:40:27.0 Hostname log4ensics ProcessID 26459 SourceName sshd Message Accepted publickey for log4ensics from 192.168.1.1 port 41193 ssh2 NXLog will try to use the Common Event Expression standard for the field names once the standard is stable. NXLog has a special field, $raw_event.
First introduced in FreeBSD version 4, jails are a security mechanism and an implementation of operating-system-level virtualization that enables the user to run multiple instances of a guest operating system on top of a FreeBSD host. It is an enhanced version of the traditional chroot mechanism. A process that runs within such a jail is unable to access the resources outside of it. Every jail has its own hostname and IP address.
Retrieved 2014-07-29 Therefore, holding one connection open for real-time events has a negative impact on browser usability: the browser may be blocked from sending a new request while waiting for the results of a previous request, e.g., a series of images. This can be worked around by creating a distinct hostname for real-time information, which is an alias for the same physical server. This strategy is an application of domain sharding.
An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, the domain name www.example.com translates to the addresses (IPv4) and (IPv6). The DNS can be quickly and transparently updated, allowing a service's location on the network to change without affecting the end users, who continue to use the same hostname.
Hostname look-up can add substantial traffic, in and of itself, and may result in an inaccurate display of network traffic. You may wish to suppress display of DNS traffic by using filter code such as "not port domain", or switch it off entirely, by using the `-n` option or by pressing "n" when the program is running. Using the `-F` option makes it possible to show packets entering and leaving a given network.
On starting, uucico will respond by sending an identification string, `\20Shere=hostname\0`, where \20 is the control-P character, and \0 is a trailing null. The caller's UUCP responds with `\20Shostname options\0`, where options is a string containing zero or more Unix-like option switches. These can include packet and window sizes, the maximum supported file size, debugging options, and others. Depending on the setup of the two systems, the call may end here.
The "pseudo-domain" ending .uucp was sometimes used to designate a hostname as being reachable by UUCP networking, although this was never formally registered in the domain name system (DNS) as a top-level domain. The uucp community administered itself and did not mesh well with the administration methods and regulations governing the DNS; .uucp works where it needs to; some hosts punt mail out of SMTP queue into uucp queues on gateway machines if a .
ACM, 2015, pp. 793– 804.Petsios, T., Tang, A., Stolfo, S., Keromytis, A. D., & Jana, S. (2017, May). NEZHA: Efficient Domain-Independent Differential Testing. In Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy,(San Jose, CA).S. Sivakorn, G. Argyros, K. Pei, A. D. Keromytis and S. Jana, "HVLearn: Automated Black-Box Analysis of Hostname Verification in SSL/TLS Implementations," 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P;), San Jose, CA, USA, 2017, pp. 521–538.
The Scattered Name Service Disgregation (SNSD) is the ANDNA equivalent of the SRV Record of the Internet Domain Name System (defined by RFC 2782). SNSD isn't the same as the "SRV Record", it has its own unique features. With SNSD it is possible to associate IP addresses and hostnames to another hostname. Each assigned record has a service number, in this way the IP addresses and hostnames which have the same service number are grouped in an array.
When an mDNS client needs to resolve a hostname, it sends an IP multicast query message that asks the host having that name to identify itself. That target machine then multicasts a message that includes its IP address. All machines in that subnet can then use that information to update their mDNS caches. Any host can relinquish its claim to a name by sending a response packet with a time to live (TTL) equal to zero.
The SQL commands have to be inserted into the C code in following way: // ... C code ... EXEC SQL ; // ... C code ... An example how to connect to a database: EXEC SQL CONNECT TO databasename[@hostname][:port] [AS connectionname] [USER username]; The embedded SQL part will be processed through ECPG preprocessor where SQL code will be replaced with the calls to the ecpg library (libecpg.a or libecpg.so). The .pcg file will be also preprocessed with ecpg, which converts it to a .
The System tab displays the current DirectX version, the computer's hostname, the operating system's version, information on the system BIOS, and other data. The DirectX Files tab displays information about the versions of specific DirectX system files, which are portable executables or dynamic-link libraries (DLLs). DxDiag displays information about the current display settings and the video hardware on the Display tab. If the computer has more than one monitor, then DxDiag will display a separate tab for each monitor.
Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with a text-based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called hostnames. The term hostname is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further subordinate domain name space.
Cryptographically proving the absence of a domain requires signing the response to every query for a non- existent domain. This is not a problem for online signing servers, which keep their keys available online. However, DNSSEC was designed around using offline computers to sign records so that zone-signing-keys could be kept in cold storage. This represents a problem when trying to authenticate responses to queries for non-existent domains since it is impossible to pre-generate a response to every possible hostname query.
In 1965 he became editor of the popular Sporting Affairs Magazine and remained in the post until 1976. His sports writing was particularly notable as he continued to write about black athletes at a time when much of the South African media was encouraged to ignore non-white sportsmen and political figures. He has also written many academic papers focusing on the cultural context of South Africa. \- bad hostname and mentions a different Keenan Notably he used different names to distinguish his sports and academic work.
An Archival Resource Key (ARK) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is a multi-purpose persistent identifier for information objects of any type. An ARK contains the label ark: after the URL's hostname, which sets the expectation that, when submitted to a web browser, the URL terminated by '?' returns a brief metadata record, and the URL terminated by '??' returns metadata that includes a commitment statement from the current service provider. The ARK and its inflections ('?' and '??') provide access to three facets of a provider's ability to provide persistence.
There are four steps to setting up an EEM system. In this example, we will get an email of the status of the system when the HSRP state changes. This examples defines an applet action rather than Tcl. # <\-- define the environment variable # <\-- define the address to which email will be sent # <\-- define the address from which the email will be sent # <\-- set up the policy # <\-- define the trigger # <\-- obtain the current device hostname and place it in the $_info_routername variable # <\-- actions such as writing to flash, making config changes, etc.
Project Dakota came about from seeing the need for a better method to update multiple school computers at once, and to keep track of the status of all computers. Project Dakota achieved this by creating text files that were uploaded to the schools server according to their hostname. When the project was adapted for general use, the project still generated the text file, but uploaded it to an FTP server with details about the hardware and what updates were installed. Many users assumed Project Dakota was obtaining their Windows Product key, but this was not the case.
Captain Copyright Captain Copyright was a propaganda cartoon character created by Canada's Access Copyright agency to educate children about the agency's stance on copyright and copyright infringement. As of August 18, 2006, the Captain Copyright initiative had been canceled.Access Copyright exploits children, forbids criticism As of March 3, 2007, the website has a three- paragraph statement explaining that "we have come to the conclusion that the current climate around copyright issues will not allow a project like this one to be successful". As of March 14, 2008, the website gives a 400 Bad Request, stating "Bad Request (Invalid Hostname)".
Each computer using the Internet Protocol is identified by a numerical IP address for identification and location addressing. Each host is also assigned a more memorable hostname, which often relates to the purpose or ownership of the host, and is used more conveniently in user interaction with network functions, such when connecting to or accessing a resource. Originally, the mapping between names and addresses was a cumbersome mechanical process using lookup tables distributed as computer files between network administrators. The Domain Name System (DNS) solved this inefficiency by automating the lookup function with a hierarchical naming system using domain names.
Some proxy servers generate a 404 error when a 500-range error code would be more correct. If the proxy server is unable to satisfy a request for a page because of a problem with the remote host (such as hostname resolution failures or refused TCP connections), this should be described as a 5xx Internal Server Error, but might deliver a 404 instead. This can confuse programs that expect and act on specific responses, as they can no longer easily distinguish between an absent web server and a missing web page on a web server that is present.
An alternate configuration allows Caddy to obtain certificates only as needed during TLS handshakes rather than at startup, a feature dubbed "On-Demand TLS." To enable this feature, the user must specify a maximum number of certificates that can be issued this way. When Caddy receives a request for a hostname for which it does not yet have a certificate, it will negotiate a new certificate via ACME and serve it immediately, while caching the obtained certificate in memory and storing it on disk. This process usually takes a few seconds, and is subject to tight rate limits.
The releases of the MySQL database differentiate between the use of the hostname localhost and the use of the addresses and . When using localhost as the destination in a client connector interface of an application, the MySQL application programming interface connects to the database using a Unix domain socket, while a TCP connection via the loopback interface requires the direct use of the explicit address. One notable exception to the use of the addresses is their use in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traceroute error detection, in which their property of not being routable provides a convenient means to avoid delivery of faulty packets to end users.
Captive portals often require the use of a web browser; this is usually the first application that users start after connected to the Internet, but users who first use an email client or other application that relies on the Internet may find the connection not working without explanation, and will then need to open a web browser to validate. This may be problematic for users who do not have any web browser installed on their operating system. It is however sometimes possible to use email and other facilities that do not rely on DNS (e.g. if the application specifies the connection IP rather than the hostname).
To achieve this, the server uses a hostname presented by the client as part of the protocol (for HTTP the name is presented in the host header). However, when using HTTPS, the TLS handshake happens before the server sees any HTTP headers. Therefore, it was not possible for the server to use the information in the HTTP host header to decide which certificate to present and as such only names covered by the same certificate could be served from the same IP address. In practice, this meant that an HTTPS server could only serve one domain (or small group of domains) per IP address for secured and efficient browsing.
In some cases, the original authors have left the BBS or shareware community, and the software, much of which was closed source, has been rendered abandonware. Several DOS-based legacy FidoNet Mailers such as FrontDoor, Intermail, MainDoor and D'Bridge from the early 1990s can still be run today under Windows without a modem, by using the freeware NetFoss Telnet FOSSIL driver, and by using a Virtual Modem such as NetSerial. This allows the mailer to dial an IP address or hostname via Telnet, rather than dialing a real POTS phone number. There are similar solutions for Linux such as MODEMU (modem emulator) which has limited success when combined with DOSEMU (DOS emulator).
The actual data can exist on a local or remote MySQL instance. To create a Federated table, one has to specify a URL in the "CONNECTION" string: create table t1 ( a int, b varchar(32)) ENGINE=FEDERATED CONNECTION='mysql://user@hostname/test/t1' The connection URL is in the format of: scheme://user:pass@host:port/schema/tablename Upon creation of a Federated table, the user must ensure that the remote data source does indeed exist or an error will be issued. The MySQL Federated Storage Engine was authored by Patrick Galbraith and Brian Aker and is currently being maintained by Patrick Galbraith and Antony Curtis. It was introduced in 2005 with MySQL 5.0.
This test is useful, if you have shell access to the server that should be tested, but you do not know whether there is a firewall blocking a specific UDP port on the server. On the listening host, i.e. on the server whose port needs to be checked, do the following: nc -l -u -p 4171 On the sending host, do the following – note that `servname` is the hostname of the listening host: nc -u servname 4172 If text typed on the sending host (type something and hit enter) is displayed also on the listening host, then the UDP port 4172 is open. If it is not open, you will get an error such as "Connection refused".
Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. This allows a server to present multiple certificates on the same IP address and TCP port number and hence allows multiple secure (HTTPS) websites (or any other service over TLS) to be served by the same IP address without requiring all those sites to use the same certificate. It is the conceptual equivalent to HTTP/1.1 name-based virtual hosting, but for HTTPS. This also allows a proxy to forward client traffic to the right server during TLS/SSL handshake.
The practice of using a simple memorable abstraction of a host's numerical address on a computer network dates back to the ARPANET era, before the advent of today's commercial Internet. In the early network, each computer on the network retrieved the hosts file (host.txt) from a computer at SRI (now SRI International),RFC 3467, Role of the Domain Name System (DNS), J.C. Klensin, J. Klensin (February 2003) which mapped computer hostnames to numerical addresses. The rapid growth of the network made it impossible to maintain a centrally organized hostname registry and in 1983 the Domain Name System was introduced on the ARPANET and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force as RFC 882 and RFC 883.
Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) is a mechanism defined in 2003 for handling internationalized domain names containing non-ASCII characters. Although the Domain Name System supports non-ASCII characters, applications such as e-mail and web browsers restrict the characters which can be used as domain names for purposes such as a hostname. Strictly speaking, it is the network protocols these applications use that have restrictions on the characters which can be used in domain names, not the applications that have these limitations or the DNS itself. To retain backwards compatibility with the installed base, the IETF IDNA Working Group decided that internationalized domain names should be converted to a suitable ASCII-based form that could be handled by web browsers and other user applications.
In its function of resolving host names, the hosts file may be used to define any hostname or domain name for use in the local system. ;Redirecting local domains: Some web service and intranet developers and administrators define locally defined domains in a LAN for various purposes, such as accessing the company's internal resources or to test local websites in development. ;Internet resource blocking: Entries in the hosts file may be used to block online advertising, or the domains of known malicious resources and servers that contain spyware, adware, and other malware. This may be achieved by adding entries for those sites to redirect requests to another address that does not exist or to a harmless destination such as the local machine.
The original Demon service was hosted using mainly Apricot servers including a gigantic pair of LSI towers named "gate" and "post". When Demon started, WinSock was still a new concept that was not widely available and MS-DOS users were generally expected to download Internet connection software based on the KA9Q implementation of TCP/IP. Other platforms able to connect to the service included OS/2 Warp, Amiga, Archimedes, Atari, Linux and Mac. In 1995 the company acquired Chris Hall and Richard Clayton's Turnpike suite for Windows. Its first service was the "standard dial-up" (SDU) - full TCP/IP access on a static IP address with a user chosen 4 to 8 character "nodename" (later 3-16 character "hostname") in the .demon.co.
Because the client–server design allows for a centralized Mibbit client server, Mibbit is able to offer extended functionality which is not present in the standard IRC protocol. Some of these extensions include a channel chat buffer that can be shown to Mibbit clients when they join a channel where another Mibbit user is already present, a notification for other Mibbit users that you are typing a message to them, and distinctive icons that allow identification of the device used with Mibbit such as an iPhone, iPod Touch, Wii, etc. Mibbit supports the webirc (cgiirc) protocol which allows the client to send the user's IP address and hostname to the IRC server. Servers that support webirc allow Mibbit users to appear as regular IRC clients instead of appearing to connect from the mibbit.
0.1 localhost ::1 localhost The name may also be resolved by Domain Name System (DNS) servers, but queries for this name should be resolved locally, and should not be forwarded to remote name servers. In addition to the mapping of localhost to the loopback addresses ( and ), localhost may also be mapped to other IPv4 (loopback) addresses and it is also possible to assign other, or additional, names to any loopback address. The mapping of localhost to addresses other than the designated loopback address range in the hosts file or in DNS is not guaranteed to have the desired effect, as applications may map the name internally. In the Domain Name System, the name localhost is reserved as a top-level domain name, originally set aside to avoid confusion with the hostname used for loopback purposes.
Significant ones include: ; GSS_Acquire_cred: Obtains the user's identity proof, often a secret cryptographic key ; GSS_Import_name: Converts a username or hostname into a form that identifies a security entity ; GSS_Init_sec_context: Generates a client token to send to the server, usually a challenge ; GSS_Accept_sec_context: Processes a token from GSS_Init_sec_context and can generate a response token to return ; GSS_Wrap: Converts application data into a secure message token (typically encrypted) ; GSS_Unwrap: Converts a secure message token back into application data The GSSAPI is standardized for the C (RFC 2744) language. Java implements the GSSAPI as JGSS, the Java Generic Security Services Application Program Interface. Some Limitation of GSSAPI are: # standardizing only authentication, rather not authorization too; # assuming a client–server architecture. Anticipating new security mechanisms, the GSSAPI includes a negotiating pseudo mechanism, SPNEGO, that can discover and use new mechanisms not present when the original application was built.

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