" By stubbornly refusing to give up their horizontality, he said, they "have this energy of moving forward.
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The next consideration was likely the horizontality of the space, so he devised a gag that is essentially horizontal.
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In the hard-nosed "La Jungla" ("The Jungle," 1943), Lam, as proto-Afrofuturist environmentalist, depicts natural hierarchy being surpassed by vitalist horizontality.
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Namely, that they privilege horizontality—the suburban sprawl that covers much of America—and that they oversimplify the process of building a city.
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That horizontality was a result of the organizers themselves feeling left behind, and perhaps that's why any whiff of corporate money feels so out of place at BOS.
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The space has lost its old dowdiness and gained an energetic horizontality that makes a virtue of the low ceilings, though the design doesn't do much to dampen the noise.
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But the song's exaggerated horizontality (coming at the end of a record about the highway) is neutralized by the cosmic scale that replaces it, which freezes everything in a single frame.
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El Faro, whose award-winning reporters have delved deep into gang culture, said the leadership often relies on transmitting the image of "horizontality," with bosses often preferring to call themselves spokesmen.
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Pixel – extraits from Adrien M & Claire B on Vimeo XYZT, named for the four dimensions (horizontality, verticality, depth, and time), consists of 10 separate works, each powered by a uniquely interactive mathematical algorithm.
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From afar, the horizontality of the work stands in for the chain and is powerfully striking; up-close, the individual billboards are surprisingly anti-monumental, as they are precariously perched on easels with wheels.
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"All my work keeps going like a pendulum; it seems to swing back to something I was involved with earlier, or it moves between horizontality and verticality, circularity or a composite of them," she said.
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The last line with its so easy repetition not only reiterates the horizontality of the poet's vision but the temporary lack of imagination he feels in the face of the real world around him while implying the notion of a "so-so" universe.
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Nakashima's houses may resemble the suburban vernacular of midcentury America in their horizontality, utilitarian forms and lack of ornament — at first glance, their inherent simplicity almost makes them seem prefabricated — but from within, they're of a piece with his furniture: constructed by hand, made to change through contact with the people who use them and designed to endure the long, slow process of aging and, eventually, dying.
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Such houses thus emanate a more pronounced mass and a greater emphasis on horizontality.
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When paired with the unique, stepped shingle pattern, these adjustments further accentuate the Prairie style horizontality of the house.
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Thus the Principle of Original Horizontality is widely, but not universally, applicable in the study of sedimentology, stratigraphy and structural geology.
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One can also interpret this work as a vertical column conform in contrast to the horizontality of the Castilian countryside, covered with cereal and sprinkled with poplars and oaks.
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According to Steinberg, the horizontality of what he called Rauschenberg's "flatbed picture plane" had replaced the traditional verticality of painting, and subsequently allowed for the uniquely material-bound surfaces of Rauschenberg's work.
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With increasingly abstract and large-scale works––Personal Panel Uniforms (1995-1998), Carpet Furniture, Parallel Planar Panels, Planar Pavilions, Planar Configurations, and Linear Sequences––Zittel questions preconceptions regarding the functional, psychological, and even spiritual meanings of horizontality and verticality.
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Single-storey late 20th-century brick U-shaped building with timber framed verandah to north. Building emphasises horizontality and is set low in the landscape. Light- coloured face brick walls, some weatherboard cladding on south side. Corrugated steel roof.
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The building's limestone came from the Cook family's quarry near Buffalo, Iowa. The horizontality of the building is enhanced through its rectangular plan and belt coursing. The 2½-story building is capped with a hipped roof. Over the years the building was updated.
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Picture from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah. The Principle of Original Horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. It is a relative dating technique. The principle is important to the analysis of folded and tilted strata.
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The principle of original horizontality states that the deposition of sediments occurs as essentially horizontal beds. Observation of modern marine and non-marine sediments in a wide variety of environments supports this generalization (although cross- bedding is inclined, the overall orientation of cross-bedded units is horizontal).
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The Radcliff's house is one of the more distinguished examples of the American Craftsman style in Davenport. It reflects the influence of California's prototypes of the style. These influences are found in the houses open plan, the wide eaves, the numerous gables, and the rounded ends of the porch brackets. The house's low profile emphasizes its horizontality.
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Examples of figures from mental rotation tests. A man playing a video game at the Japan Media Arts Festival. Spatial abilities can be affected by experiences such as playing video games, complicating research on sex differences in spatial abilities. Metastudies show a male advantage in mental rotation and assessing horizontality and verticality and a female advantage in spatial memory.
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Horizontalidad (, horizontality or horizontalism) is a social relationship that advocates the creation, development, and maintenance of social structures for the equitable distribution of management power. These structures and relationships function as a result of dynamic self-management, involving the continuity of participation and exchange between individuals to achieve the larger desired outcomes of the collective whole.
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MacDonald and Mack Partnership, Historic Structures Report, v. 2, 178. Its overall design and decoration emphasizes a clean, modern aesthetic while serving practical functions and staying in harmony with natural surroundings. Overhanging eaves, with a 7-foot projection of the roof at the front (east) side of the house, emphasize the building's horizontality while also regulating heat and light at its entrance.
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Like the towers, the low building's facade is made of concrete and glass. Vertical slabs form piers that interrupt the horizontality of the building and create the off-center entrance, which is articulated by a cantilevered porch. A protruding second story creates a covered pathway to shelter visitors. The building's design result in 45% of the available space being occupied by the structure.
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The Prairie School influence is found in its horizontality, which is realized in the low hipped roof, wide eaves, and its windows that are grouped in bands. The stylized columns in antis of the entry combines the Neoclassical with an arrangement that is found on a number of early Prairie School houses by Frank Lloyd Wright and his followers in Oak Park, Illinois and Mason City, Iowa.
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One, which measures sequential order, shows an ice cream float in a clear glass and six empty glasses. The client is directed to draw lines in the empty glasses to show how the glasses would appear if the float were drunk with a straw. The next one, which measures horizontality, shows two empty bottles. One is upright, and the other tilted to the side.
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In most cases, the remedies that apply to such disputes, particularly common- law remedies, "appear to be sufficiently flexible to be considered appropriate for a horizontal infringement of the Bill of Rights. It is, in any event, difficult to imagine alternative and more appropriate remedies for these types of infringements" (46). Whatever the reasons, indirect horizontality provided the default form of application by which the courts approached the common law. The trouble with this was that, besides rendering section 8(2) of the Constitution "irrelevant," the "model of indirect application or, if you will indirect horizontality," as Kentridge AJ pointed out in Du Plessis, "seems peculiarly appropriate to a judicial system which, as in Germany, separates constitutional jurisdiction from ordinary jurisdiction."Para 60. But, under the 1996 Constitution, and in a deliberate alteration of the position under the interim Constitution, South Africa no longer separates constitutional jurisdiction from ordinary jurisdiction.
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A front wall of art glass windows connects the dwelling's interior to the garden, with bands of windows on the upper story adding to the sense of horizontality. Wooden piers and trim were all given “jin-di-sugi” treatment, a wood-aging technique based on traditional Japanese techniques using the application of chemicals or burning to artificially age wood.For more information on this technique, see Conforti, et al., Minnesota 1900, 69.
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According to Steno's principle of original horizontality, sedimentary rocks are normally deposited as horizontal layers. When tectonic movement occurs sedimentary layers can be tilted. under such circumstances, the sedimentary planes will have a dip (an angle with a horizontal reference plane). When new sedimentary layers are deposited on top of tilted ones, they will have an angle with the older ones, a structure which is called an angular unconformity.
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When an igneous rock cuts across a formation of sedimentary rock, then we can say that the igneous intrusion is younger than the sedimentary rock. The principle of superposition states that a sedimentary rock layer in a tectonically undisturbed stratum is younger than the one beneath and older than the one above it. The principle of original horizontality states that the deposition of sediments occurs as essentially horizontal beds.
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The stairs to the upper foyer were solid, with rectangular wall mounted timber handrails cut at an angle at each end. The central handrail had minimal balusters, again emphasising the horizontality of the timber detailing throughout the interior. Entrances to the cinemas were located opposite each other in the upper foyer. Each entrance had a pair of heavy timber double doors recessed into vestibule spaces for the stairs leading up into the auditoria.
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Rockfalls is a historic house at 7441 Rockfalls Drive in Richmond, Virginia. Built in 1936-37, it is a locally prominent early example of International architecture, based on designs by Edward Durell Stone published in Collier's. Its exterior is primarily granite and glass, the former probably quarried from a site on the grounds. It exhibits classical International elements including a lack of adornment, emphasis on horizontality, and clean lines with some rounded surfaces.
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Night and Sleep is an 1878 painting by Evelyn De Morgan, an English painter whose works were influenced by the style of the Pre-Raphaelite movement. In the painting dark-haired Night guides her son Sleep. His relaxed pose is set against the "more energetic line of his mother's body." Art historian Elise Lawton Smith notes that the couple's "horizontality suggests both sleep and lateral movement as they pass across the landscape".
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This two-storey governmental structure follows a Neo-Classical tradition, with an emphasized horizontality and symmetrical form, particularly on the design of its façade. The central bay had three arched entrances and two principal staircases built around the two atriums. The rectangular fenestration on the upper most story were decorated with rustication. The window-like portals opening out to small balconies were framed with pilasters topped with ornate capitals and were adorned with elaborate geometrical grillework.
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The movement uses such tactics to pressure the government, believing it to be the best way of doing politics within the current socio-political context. The movement is organized on basic principles, approved in a session on free fares during the Fifth World Social Forum, inside the Espaço Caracol Intergalactika. From then, it was officially known as the Free Fare Movement. Its principles at the time were autonomy, independence, non-partisanship, horizontality, anti-capitalism and decisions by consensus.
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These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths are older than the rock that contains them. The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah is an example of both original horizontality and the law of superposition. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as Capitol Reef National Park and Canyonlands National Park.
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Graphically, these fossil species are represented by horizontal lines, whose lengths depict how long each of them existed. The horizontality of the lines illustrates the unchanging appearance of each of the fossil species depicted on the graph. During each species' existence new species appear at random intervals, each also lasting many hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing without a change in appearance. The degree of relatedness and the lines of descent of these concurrent species is generally impossible to determine.
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Albacete is located in the South-East of the Iberian Peninsula, in the plains of La Mancha (part of the Inner Plateau), at an elevation of about . The surrounding region, the so- called Mancha de Albacete stands out for its horizontality. The municipality lies to a large extent on an endorheic area, prone to water-logging after heavy rains. In that sense, the urban nucleus was in fact an endemic focus of malaria until the Royal Canal of Albacete was built.
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Located on a lot of 21 acres, the house is almost 10,000 square feet with 7 bedrooms and 4.5 bathrooms. It features a flat roof, smooth and uniform wall surfaces, lack of applied ornament, asymmetrical composition with an emphasis on horizontality, and projecting balconies and wide expanses of ribbon windows. The original owner was Richard Mandel (1907–1976), a member of the Mandel Brothers department store family of Chicago. See also: It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
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At the back of the temple, there is a house with a tile roof that surrounds the apse, and is attached to the rest of the building. It has superimposed rows of windows and windows, with a marked horizontality reinforced by cornices and marcapisos. Its facade is topped by a balustrade and a tympanum, characteristic elements of an architecture of Renaissance influence. In the lower part, there are three stores, in which commercial activities are carried out, independent of the ecclesiastics.
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As a result, until the moment of main tectonic disturbance all borders of the layers remain flat and the geometrical inter- relations are described as perspective correspomdence. In the future the tectonic movements will distort the shape of the layers – the borders will no more be planes, but in majority of cases the changes are smooth and the perspective relations are maintained. This model allows specifying some geological terms. The Steno's horizontality principle has to state: the top surface of the sediments is horizontal.
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"The condition of water is horizontality, the condition of verticality is sculpture, raising the water is a poetic gesture," he wrote in 1976. He sees all elements as fluid and what we would describe as hard or soft depends only on the state in which we find ourselves acting. In Gesti vegetali ("Vegetation Gestures"), a series of sculptures which Penone began to work on in 1982, Penone "fossilized" the imprints of his hands on strips of clay stuck to a dummy that served as a frame.
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From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the Navajo Sandstone, layered red Kayenta Formation, cliff- forming, vertically jointed, red Wingate Sandstone, slope-forming, purplish Chinle Formation, layered, lighter-red Moenkopi Formation, and white, layered Cutler Formation sandstone. Picture from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah. The principle of original horizontality states that the deposition of sediments occurs as essentially horizontal beds. Observation of modern marine and non-marine sediments in a wide variety of environments supports this generalization (although cross-bedding is inclined, the overall orientation of cross-bedded units is horizontal).
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The 2½-story structure features a steep hipped roof typical of an American Foursquare, projecting gabled pavilions with Mission Style curved parapets, a small front porch, and a single-story wing along south elevation. There is also a Paldian window in a Spanish- inspired roof dormer on the west elevation of the house. American Craftsman decorative details are found on the stylized cap detail of the front porch. Prairie School influences are found in the horizontality of the various porches, a projecting one-story window feature, and a two-story sunporch.
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Its horizontality, which is emphasized by the concrete brise-soleil, together with the fact that it was a residential building made it an interesting approach to popular housing, given that in the 1950s suburbanization had begun and city centres were being occupied primarily by business, usually occupying vertical "masculine" buildings, as opposed to Niemeyer's "feminine" approach.Styliane Philippou. Challenging the Hierarchies of the City: Oscar Niemeyer's Mid-Twentieth-Century Residential Buildings. . Retrieved December 8, 2012 In 1954 Niemeyer also designed the "Niemeyer apartment building" at the Praça da Liberdade, Belo Horizonte.
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While Landscape Urbanism proposes landscape as the basic building block of the city and embraces horizontality, flexibility, and adaptability, New Urbanism offers the neighborhood as the basic building block of the city and argues for increased density, mixed uses, and walkability. Opponents of Landscape Urbanism point out that most of its projects are urban parks, and as such, its application is limited. Opponents of New Urbanism claim that its preoccupation with traditional neighborhood structures is nostalgic, unimaginative, and culturally problematic. Everyday Urbanism argues for grassroots neighborhood improvements rather than master-planned, top-down interventions.
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Sex-Related Cognitive Differences: An Essay on Theory and Evidence Springfield. though metastudies show a male advantage in mental rotation and assessing horizontality and verticality,Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns and a female advantage in spatial memory. Ellis, Lee, Sex differences: summarizing more than a century of scientific research, CRC Press, 2008, , Halpern, Diane F., Sex differences in cognitive abilities, Psychology Press, 2000, , The sexual division of labor has been proposed as an explanation for these cognitive differences. Those differences disappear with a short training or when given a favorable image of woman ability.
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The water-level task refers to a task developed by Jean Piaget where bottles filled with different levels of water are presented in different angles of orientation. It is used to assess the level of mental development of spatial abilities (e.g., recognition of the invariance of horizontality). Formann criticized the established method of dichotomizing water-level responses by the subjects into "right" versus "wrong" – he showed that this method was inappropriate because it ignored the heterogeneity of the task difficulties - and instead recommended using latent class models or Rasch models.
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An Orrin Thompson ranch style house His typical house design was known as the rambler, or the ranch-style house; a modest one family house. Its style borrowed modern ideas that had been developed by Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School. The design emphasized horizontality, large windows, a relatively flattened roof, and eaves that extend like the brim of a hat. The prototype of this style is Wright's first independent commission, with its innovative design: the William H. Winslow House of River Forrest, Illinois built in 1893.
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Typical features of interwar Modernist styles in Australia included parapet walls concealing low pitched or flat roofs, steel framed corner and strip windows, masonry walls devoid of decoration, rounded external corners, cantilevered concrete awnings and balconies, asymmetric composition and stairwells expressed as vertical elements contrasting with dominant horizontality. Low brick walls, hedges and extensive lawns were common in gardens. The former Masel Residence introduced many features of this new and influential architectural vocabulary to Queensland. Unlike most Queensland houses, the Stanthorpe house was designed to suit the cold climate of the granite belt.
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Kurtna center started the period of "cornice architecture" with Finnish influence together with another Valve Pormeisters work Café Tuljak (1964) that lasted for about 10 years. The main building, that is placed in the landscape with sensitivity and skill, consists of a two-storey two-way corridor system office side and a single-storey connection to the main fan-shaped auditorium hall. The walls are stacked with red bricks with a clean joint, the window blinds are black, crocheted with thin frames. The white cornices highlight the modern horizontality.
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The three subtests of the Silver Drawing Test assess the three concepts said to be fundamental in reading and mathematics: Drawing from Imagination assesses concepts of class inclusion; Predictive Drawing, concepts of sequential order; and Drawing from Observation, concepts of space. The Draw A Story assessment is used to screen for masked depression that may lead to suicide, and reactive or predatory aggression that may lead to violence in schools. Predictive Drawing assesses clients' grasp of the concepts of sequential order, horizontality and verticality. In this test, there are three separate tests.
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The Johnson Wax Headquarters were in an industrial zone, and Wright decided to create a sealed environment lit from above, as he had done with the Larkin Administration Building. The building features Wright's interpretation of the streamlined Art Moderne style popular in the 1930s. In a break with his earlier Prairie School structures, the building features many curvilinear forms and required over 200 different curved "Cherokee red" bricks to create the sweeping curves of the interior and exterior. The mortar between the bricks is raked in traditional Wright style to accentuate the horizontality of the building.
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The Research Tower was added in 1950 to the Administration Building, and provides a vertical counterpoint to its horizontality. It is one of only two existing high-rise buildings by Wright. Cantilevered from a giant stack, the tower's floor slabs spread out like tree branches, providing for vertical segmentation of departments. Elevator and stairway channels run up the reinforced concrete core, which Wright called a tap root. This single core was based on an idea that he had proposed in 1929 for the St. Mark's Tower,"Frank Lloyd Wright: St. Mark's Tower project, New York, NY (Aerial perspective) 1927–1931", MoMA.
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Helen Hershkoff has described penumbral reasoning as "an important feature of American constitutional practice in cases involving individual rights and government power",Helen Hershkoff, Horizontality and the "Spooky" Doctrines of American Law, 59 455, 486–487 (2011). and J. Christopher Rideout notes that many scholars have defended the "conceptual integrity" of penumbral reasoning.J. Christopher Rideout, Penumbral Thinking Revisited: Metaphor in Legal Argumentation, 7 J. ALWD 155, 184 (2010); see also David Luban, The Warren Court and the Concept of a Right, 34 7 (1999). Likewise, Burr Henly has described the penumbra as "the most important" metaphor in American constitutional jurisprudence.
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Though Beckett and Ionesco are commonly grouped together under the name "Theatre of the Absurd" because of their shared themes of alienation and the difficulty of communication, Beckett's plays generally present a stripped down, minimalist tableau whereas Ionesco presents a proliferation of chaos. According to Essif, Exit the King is Ionesco's most Beckettian play: "The image of an exterior world fades in cadence with the protagonist’s surrender to the interiority of his consciousness, that is, with the increasing intensification of his inward- turning. The vertical axis of the subjective abyss runs counter to the horizontality of the external world".Essif, Les.
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Max Leibling house was the first building in the country to use elongated recessed balconies, an adaptation of Le Corbusier's strip windows. Horizontality is emphasized by the narrow intervals between the building's parapet and overhang; not only does this have the design impact of emphasizing the horizontal style, it has the practical effect of screening out the heat of the Mediterranean sun. The timbered pergola, a design element frequently seen in Jerusalem, is unusual in Tel Aviv. In 2014 Max Liebling House was one of the first ten modernist buildings to receive restoration grants under the Getty Foundation's new "Keeping It Modern" initiative.
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The Illinois Institute of Technology Academic Campus undertook a series of projects with Peter Lindsay Schaudt Landscape Architecture, Inc. (now Hoerr Schaudt) in 2000 to revitalize the historic campus. Keeping in spirit with the original design of landscape architect Alfred Caldwell (1903-1998) who worked closely with van der Rohe, the landscape architects at Peter Lindsay Schaudt played upon his concept of horizontality and favored a native plant palette. The projects created cohesive formal and informal spaces for students and faculty to relax and gather that honor the connection between the original architecture and landscape architecture.
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Nisreen has held various positions within the music publishing, licensing, digital entertainment and retail industries at Sony Music, Bertelsmann AG and Hearst Entertainment in United States, UK and Germany. She is a co-founder of Collage Foundation, the brainchild of model Angela Lindvall, aimed at enabling youth’s participation in sustainability projects within their communities and schools, providing them with a platform to share ideas. In 2006, Nisreen joined Virgin Megastore Middle East And North Africa, a division of Azadea Group Holding. Under her new direction, the corporation has grown both vertically and horizontality throughout the Arab World.
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The interior of the classroom block is protected by perforated external wall panels which are supported on a concrete portal frame and inserted between the exposed beam- ends to give an impression of extreme lightness and delicacy. A heavy horizontal eaves beam is hung out to protect the facade and to mask the pitched roof, thus accentuating the horizontality and modernist credentials of the design. When the building was nearing completion Bawa commissioned Lydia Duchini, an Italian sculptress, to create a sculpture of the bishop. The life sized gold leaf encrusted statue stands at the foot of the main staircase.
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It was first proposed by the Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno (1638–1686). From these observations is derived the conclusion that the Earth has not been static and that great forces have been at work over long periods of time, further leading to the conclusions of the science of plate tectonics; that movement and collisions of large plates of the Earth's crust is the cause of folded strata. As one of Steno's Laws, the Principle of Original Horizontality served well in the nascent days of geological science. However, it is now known that not all sedimentary layers are deposited purely horizontally.
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It is believed that the main influence of Seabrook's design for MacRobertson Girls’ High School was William Dudok Hilversum’s town hall (1923–31).< Both these buildings have similar brickwork, rectilinear interlocking facades, functional planning, open air classrooms, flat roof, industrial aesthetic and a modern interior fitout. The brickwork used in both consists of two stretchers followed by a header in a Flemish bond with an extra wide and deeply raked horizontal joint which emphasises horizontality, while the cream brickwork emphasised shadows. Seabrook selected local Glen Iris Cream bricks at a time when they were only being used sparingly in buildings such as in polychromatic brickwork.
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Wee Haven is a historic house located at 1509 West Park Avenue in Champaign, Illinois. The Prairie School house was built in 1925; its design came from a plan which architect Charles Saxby Elwood had published in Fruit, Garden and Home magazine the previous year. As is typical in Prairie School designs, the house has a heavy emphasis on horizontality, as can be seen in its low massing, flat roof with wide eaves, and casement windows with art glass. The house's various ornaments, which include tile prairie flowers, a wooden apron and string course, and fascia along the eaves, also add to its horizontal focus.
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Thus, finer, higher-porosity clasts form at the top and denser, less porous clasts are consolidated on the bottom, in what is called normal grading. (Inversely graded beds are composed of large clasts on the top, with smaller clasts on the bottom.) Grades of the bedding material are determined by precipitation of solid components compared to the viscosity of the medium in which the particles precipitate. Steno's Principle of Original Horizontality explains that rock layers form in horizontal layers over an underdetermined time scale and depth. Nicholas Steno first published his hypothesis in 1669 after recognizing that fossils were preserved in layers of rock (strata).
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The World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago World's Fair) of 1893 was supposed to be a heralding of the city of Chicago's rebirth. But many of the young Midwestern architects of what would become the Prairie School were offended by the Greek and Roman classicism of nearly every building erected for the fair. In reaction, they sought to create new work in and around Chicago that would display a uniquely modern and authentically American style, which came to be called Prairie. The designation Prairie is due to the dominant horizontality of the majority of Prairie style buildings, which echoes the wide, flat, treeless expanses of the mid-Western United States.
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The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah is a great example of Original Horizontality and the Law of Superposition, two important ideas used in relative dating. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as Capitol Reef National Park and Canyonlands National Park. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the Navajo Sandstone, layered red Kayenta Formation, cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red Wingate Sandstone, slope- forming, purplish Chinle Formation, layered, lighter-red Moenkopi Formation, and white, layered Cutler Formation sandstone. Photo from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah.
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The refectory The refectory was the only dining room in the castle, and was built between 1926 and 1927. The choir stalls which line the walls are from the La Seu d'Urgell Cathedral in Catalonia and the silk flags hanging from the ceiling are Palio banners from Siena. Hearst originally intended a "vaulted Moorish ceiling" for the room but, finding nothing suitable, he and Morgan settled on the Italian Renaissance example, dating from around 1600, which Hearst purchased from a dealer in Rome in 1924. Victoria Kastner considered that the flat roof, with life-size carvings of saints, "strikes a discordant note of horizontality among the vertical lines of the room".
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In 2001 Jobin produced a major performance in his repertoire, the quintet The Moebius Strip, based on perpetual motion, which enabled him to radicalise his work on horizontality. Unlike his previous works which developed underlying themes of sex, nudity, violence and war, this performance is based on nothing but lines and geometry – echoing the compositions of his father which fluctuate between geometric rigour and the intense vibration of juxtaposed colours. He then followed with the septet Under Construction in 2002 which was described by Marie-Christine Vernay (Libération Next, 2002) as "doubtless one of the most majestic of Gilles Jobin's performances"."En étoiles de mer", in Libération.
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A stratigraphic section of Ordovician rock exposed in central Tennessee, US. The sediments composing these rocks were formed in an ocean and deposited in horizontal layers. The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah is a great example of Original Horizontality. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as Capitol Reef National Park and Canyonlands National Park. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the Navajo Sandstone, layered red Kayenta Formation, cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red Wingate Sandstone, slope-forming, purplish Chinle Formation, layered, lighter-red Moenkopi Formation, and white, layered Cutler Formation sandstone.
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This leads to the entrance foyer which is located asymmetrically within a volume that projects forward toward the street and above the adjacent western stairwell and north facing corridor that gives access to the rooms on all three levels. Each of the volumes has low pitched metal roofs which are drained by box gutters to rainwater heads and downpipes that are concealed behind the parapet walls. The front elevation features a strong horizontal component created by continuous concrete hoods over five bays of hopper windows to the three floors. This horizontality is accentuated with the use of continuous concrete sills, parapet copings and cappings of similar profile.
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The façade is developed with marked horizontality articulated by a precise architectural composition, distributed in five modules. The structure has two floors, surmounted in places by a third, covered with Plateresque reliefs. These vibrant sculptural carvings include Florentine grotesques; heraldic shields; emblems alluding to justice, harmony and good government; and representations of characters linked to the city, such as Hercules, Julius Caesar (who created the first Cabildo), and the Emperor Charles V (who made Seville one of the capitals of his empire). The carving was carried out by artists from many different places, including Juan de Begines, Diego Guillén Ferrant, Hernando de la Teja, Pedro de Pamanes, Pedro de Guadalupe and Toribio de Liébana.
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Philosophically, it is influenced by the principles of Taoism, specifically the concept of Yin and Yang: the idea of the universe as governed by two primal forces, opposing but complementary. Some of the contrasting concepts used in penjing include portrayal of "dominance and subordination, emptiness (void) and substance, denseness and sparseness, highness and lowness, largeness and smallness, life and death, dynamics and statics, roughness and meticulousness, firmness and gentleness, lightness and darkness, straightness and curviness, verticality and horizontality[,] and lightness and heaviness." Design inspiration is not limited to observation or representation of nature, but is also influenced by Chinese poetry, calligraphy, and other visual arts. Common penjing designs include evocation of dragons and the strokes of well- omened characters.
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By the late 1950s, many smaller but rapidly expanding departments were outgrowing their spaces. Professor Robert R. Shrock solicited Cecil H. Green '23, the founder of Texas Instruments, for a new building to house the geology and meteorology departments in a new Center for Earth Sciences. As Bosworth's plans for residential life on East Campus had not been fully realized, many departments had aspirations for utilizing the open space in Eastman Court. Pei and Hideo Sasaki proposed siting a tall building in East Campus and breaking MIT's architectural tradition of "horizontality" The tower has some functional purpose, since its roof supports meteorological instruments and radio communications equipment, plus a white spherical radome enclosing long- distance weather radar apparatus.
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The materials used, aside from the reinforced concrete, includes bricks and stone boulders (traditional construction materials in Lima) which are used to reinforce the horizontality of the house based on Wright’s theories on architectural tectonics. In the windows, he employed the traditional work of wood using wide frames in order to have broader window panes. Miro Quesada also looked for the integration of art and architecture in his work, idea popularized as Gesamtkunstwerk (Wagner, 1849) by the Bauhaus school, established in 1991 by Walter Gropius. The Peruvian architect integrated an artwork, made in stained glass, and paintings on the walls by Peruvian artist Fernando de Szyszlo and a steel sculpture made by Peruvian artist Cesar Campos on the roof.
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The central block of the bath house is reminiscent of the original design seen in the 1928 architectural plans and in historic photographs. The minor changes include alterations to the original fenestration and the park side, vinyl window replacements, replacement of original columns with wider modern fiberglass columns, and the removal of an attractive balustrade on the beach side above the porch roof. The most impactful change, however, is the replacement of the building’s original restroom and shower wings. As originally constructed, these structures were lower and longer, with either a flat or open roof structure that created a theme of horizontality contrasting with and accenting the verticality of the main block’s Colonial Revival aesthetic.
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In a subsequent decision of the Constitutional Court, Thebus v S 2003 (6) SA 505 (CC), no reference was made to Khumalo or to any of the academic literature on the issue, and "the difficult relationship between s 8 and s 39. The court did hint, however, that section 39 (indirect application) was the default mode for considering challenges to the common law" (Currie and De Waal Handbook 46).See Woolman's accusations of laziness against the court in Khumalo, in its reliance on 39(2). In its only other encounter with direct horizontality, in Barkhuizen v Napier, the Constitutional Court declined to apply the Bill of Rights directly to a challenge to a time-limitation clause in an insurance contract.
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The most simply articulated second-floor zone with its eight round-arched windows is separated from the first floor by a decorative stringcourse. In addition to these elements of the front elevation which lend an impression of well-balanced horizontality, verticality is accentuated by two protruding two-storey end bays topped with small towers lightened by arched openings on three sides. The towers, a clear allusion to a fortification and the character of Solomon's temple, are a frequently used motif in synagogue architecture, symbolising Jachin and Boaz, the pillars of Solomon's Temple. The gable above the second floor provides the final vertical accent. The wide central staircase of three flights, adorned with a simple balustrade and two lampposts, adds to the overall impression of the building’s dignified and ceremonial character.
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In January 2012, a survey was released by Rasmussen Reports, in which 51% of likely voters found protesters to be a public nuisance, while 39% saw it as a valid protest movement representing the people. Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Chris Hedges, a supporter of the movement, argues that OWS had popular support and "articulated the concerns of the majority of citizens." American political philosopher Jodi Dean, while critical of the movements focus on autonomy, leaderlessness and horizontality which she argues was self-destructive, says that "Occupy ruptured the lie that 'what is good for Wall Street is good for Main Street'." Many notable figures joined the occupation, including David Crosby, Kanye West, Russell Simmons, Alec Baldwin, Susan Sarandon, Don King, Noam Chomsky, Jesse Jackson, Cornel West, and Michael Moore.
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In 1936 they began designing the new The Royal Melbourne Hospital in Parkville, completed in 1942, which served as an American military hospital during WWII (returned to civilian use in 1944). The front façade design departed from the sweeping horizontality that Stephenson’s hospitals were known for; instead they opted for a simple and pared back International Style, though the rear facade did include their signature sweeping white horizontal balconies. While work on the Royal Melbourne Hospital was underway, they also designed for Sydney the King George V Hospital for Mothers and Babies (1939-41), which features the sweeping horizontal balconies on the front facades, and the Concord Repatriation Hospital, completed in 1942, which repeated the design of the Royal Melbourne, with a plain front dominated by a tower elements, and the sweeping balconies on the rear, but more visible than on the tight Melbourne site.
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Principle of Uniformitarianism: defined in the authoritative Glossary of Geology as "the fundamental principle or doctrine that geologic processes and natural laws now operating to modify the Earth's crust have acted in the same regular manner and with essentially the same intensity throughout geologic time, and that past geologic events can be explained by phenomena and forces observable today; the classical concept that 'the present is the key to the past'.". Law of Original Horizontality: sedimentary rocks are always deposited as horizontal, or nearly horizontal, strata, although these may be disturbed by later earth movements. This law was proposed by Nicolaus Steno in the mid-17th century. Law of Superposition: general law upon which all geologic chronology is based: In any sequence of layered rocks, sedimentary or extrusive volcanic, that has not been overturned, the youngest stratum is at the top and the oldest at the base; i.e.
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Leo A Daly architectural rendering, St. Margaret Mary Church, Omaha, 1941 After three design concepts, one of which was highlighted in a 1939 national architectural trade journal,BUILDING: The National News Review, March 15, 1939, p 7 and another for its innovative use of salvaged granite from the planned razing of the Old Post Office (Omaha, Nebraska),Sunday World-Herald: Omaha, NE, “Priest Would Use Postoffice Granite to Build Church” February 12, 1939 p7-A Suneg settled on an Anglo-Saxon architecture design with Early English Gothic period details such as a rusticated stone exterior, steep pitched roof, and open nave emphasizing horizontality, simple lines, and fine proportions. Charles Jay Connick of Boston designed the stained glass windows. The architect Leo A Daly was chosen and in May 1941 ground was broken. On Sunday, June 14, 1942 with 800 persons in attendance, Archbishop James Hugh Ryan dedicated the new church.
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Aerial view of Louis XIV's Baroque chapel at Versailles As the focal point of Louis XIV's fourth (and last) building campaign (1699–1710), the fifth and final chapel of the château of Versailles is an unreserved masterpiece. Begun in 1689, construction was halted due to the War of the League of Augsburg; Jules Hardouin-Mansart resumed construction in 1699. Hardouin-Mansart continued working on the project until his death in 1708, at which time his brother-in- law, Robert de Cotte, finished the project (Blondel, 1752–1756; Marie, 1972, 1976; Nolhac, 1912–1913; Verlet, 1985; Walton, 1993). It was to become the largest of the royal chapels at Versailles, and the height of its vaulting alone was allowed to disturb the rather severe horizontality everywhere else apparent in the palace's roof-line, leading to the design being badly treated by some contemporaries; the duc de Saint-Simon characterized it as an "enormous catafalque".
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Apart from the dismissals made by political conservatives, there have also been appreciative criticisms from more left-wing scholars. One such critique concerns itself with the way in which the Occupy movement has focused its demands around a narrowly modern understanding of freedom that differs little from the claims of mainstream liberal pluralism: International activists involved in the Occupy Movement have seen it stall due a lack of synergy to work with other alternative movements calling for change. The biggest criticism is that the movement is without depth, without a lasting vision of an alternative future. In her critique of the Occupy movement, American political philosopher Jodi Dean argues that the focus on autonomy, leaderlessness and horizontality paved the way for conflicts and disillusionment within the movement: Remarks from Occupy Wall Street participant Justine Tunney, a Google software engineer, who called on President Obama to appoint Eric Schmidt "CEO of America", have also sparked criticism, including from the vast majority of other Occupy participants, many of whom have observed that her politics are inconsistent with horizontalism.
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The decoration reached in elements such as grilles and dust guards characterizes the architecture in a very special way. In this stage works of great importance were erected, that in spite of the development reached in the technology, the wood continued in force in buildings like the Ladies Tennis Club and the Cinema Theater Enchantment; the first one was a multitudinous sports club of municipal scale, and the last one remained standing during almost 80 years constituting a milestone of great social value for the city. The historic center that today occupies 66 blocks with a total of 1 053 properties, 70% of them have architectural value. Three main styles stand out: eclecticism, neoclassicism and traditional architecture. The domestic architecture in the first decades of the century, evolved within the eclectic style in its three variants such as: popular eclectic that developed from 1905 to 1914, the academic eclectic from 1915 to 1920 and the eclectic evolved from 1921 to 1933, predominantly single-level constructions accentuating the horizontality of the buildings and predominating the classic elements with a much greater decoration than in the colony.
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The western end of Melbourne's central business district was seen at the time by the architects to be the "gritty underbelly" of Melbourne's central business district, and the perforated, aluminum, eastern facade of the tower was made to represent that. The dressed eastern facade is one which was designed to clearly define the separation between the central business district of Melbourne and the rougher western suburbs at the time the design was taking shape. As Liberty Tower retreats into the central business district that its own facade defines as a "city-state" the need for the dividing border defined by the aluminum facade is lost and thus the modernist, architectonic skeleton behind the western facade is revealed in the north and south facades. the horizontal striated motif defined by the perforated aluminum skin is continued around the corner to the north and south by the exposed, projected floor plates but the horizontality is broken by the three distinct sections of verticality representing the apartments on the western half, a central hallway typical of "H-tower block form"Architecture Australia, Volume 92, Issue 3, 5/1/2003, Karen Burns Article and the balconies of the apartments on the eastern half of the tower.
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