543 Sentences With "hexadecimal" | Random Sentence Generator

On Monday, the duo released a song titled "0x0A Hack Commandments" (0x0A is hexadecimal for 10).

I told him he had to learn hexadecimal and binary math, and he said, OK, show me.

The account name is equally anonymous, frequently in leetspeak or with segments of hexadecimal code or other security-related symbolism.

It includes a choice of button styles, support for hexadecimal, octal and binary calculations, multiple undo and redo, and optional unit conversions.

I began by using an app called NFC Shell that allows users to issue commands in hexadecimal format directly to the NFC chip.

The color here is formatted in hexadecimal because that's what I have laying around, but fill() takes all sorts of different parameter types.

You could also call it Super Bowl 25 if you prefer binary numbers or Super Bowl 5 if hexadecimal is more your thing.

You could also call it Super Bowl 215 if you prefer binary numbers or Super Bowl 21 if hexadecimal is more your thing.

With Megabyte, Hexadecimal and the evil Sourcerer still at large, the rebooted Guardians face a new season of threats — both at home and online.

But with the ever-escalating battle to push phone cameras to the limit, it may only be a matter of time until the hexadecimal camera is a reality.

Click on a packet, and now below the packet list you'll see the packet's exact literal contents in hexadecimal form and also the text translation of those contents.

Mr. Bling and his collaborators wrote what's known as a "hex editor"—basically, it lets you view and edit the game's hexadecimal code—that runs in the game.

"The injected mining code was obfuscated, but when converted from hexadecimal back to ASCII it spelled out the necessary magic to summon Coinhive's stealthy JavaScript miner to the page," the Register reported.

Entire marketing schemes are being designed with these entertainment detectives in mind — HBO's Westworld spent its entire second season baiting the faithful with stunningly obscure puzzles featuring binary and hexadecimal code glimpsed in passing.

Once Rigby or Anderson pinpointed the memory address that changes when a particular action occurs, they converted its hexadecimal location to a string of letters that players punch in at the Game Genie's menu.

It was an uncharted new field, in which you had to do math in binary and hexadecimal formats, and there were no helpful internet forums, no Google to query, for assistance with your bug.

They range from utter crap (Swordfish and its reliance on fancy visual interfaces) to maybe not as utterly crap as we assumed (Hackers may feature a gratuitous flame war between Crash Override and Acid Burn, but as Kamkar points out, patching a target to foil other hackers while leaving a back door for yourself is actually a valid technique) to being decent enough for a participation trophy (Skyfall gets credit for including the idea of polymorphic code, but demerits for including invalid hexadecimal code.) But for each one of those, there's a surprising example of truth and accuracy—like Wargames '80s-faithful move of dialing directly into a school's admin systems like a BBS, or Mr. Robot's portrayal of a hospital that runs its security on a hopelessly outmatched Windows 95 machine.

The primary color for the AIAS logo will always be hexadecimal #6b8fb5. When AIAS chapters add their text next to the logo and under the AIAS text it will appear in the color hexadecimal #5c6266. The secondary palette, which is only used on material to complement the logo, is the following colors: hexadecimal #364c63, #ffd400, and #e3e2d9.

Some systems had problems once the year rolled over to 2010. This was dubbed by some in the media as the "Y2K+10" or "Y2.01K" problem. The main source of problems was confusion between hexadecimal number encoding and binary-coded decimal encodings of numbers. Both hexadecimal and BCD encode the numbers 0–9 as 0x0–0x9. But BCD encodes the number 10 as 0x10, whereas hexadecimal encodes the number 10 as 0x0A; 0x10 interpreted as a hexadecimal encoding represents the number 16.

CornFlowerBlue () is an HTML color name, its hexadecimal code is #6495ED.

Hexadecimal characters are those in the series with hexadecimal values 0...9ABCDEF (sixteen characters, decimal value 0–15). The character property Hex_Digit is set to Yes when a character is in such a series: Forty-four characters are marked as Hex_Digit. The ones in the Basic Latin block are also marked as ASCII_Hex_Digit. Unicode has no separate characters for hexadecimal values.

The standard (IEEE 802) format for printing EUI-48 addresses in human-friendly form is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens () in transmission order (e.g. ). This form is also commonly used for EUI-64 (e.g. ). Other conventions include six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons (:) (e.g. ), and three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots (.) (e.g.

A set of 21 registers, numbered #1 to #21, used to store future PIN encryption keys. Each register includes a 2 hexadecimal digit longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) or a 2 hexadecimal digit cyclical redundancy check (CRC).

Usually, the number is normalized so that the leading hexadecimal digit is 1 (unless the value is exactly 0). Example: 1.3DEp42 represents . Hexadecimal exponential notation is required by the IEEE 754-2008 binary floating-point standard.

Since the system was closely tied to the use of commonly available teleprinters, line endings in files consisted of the carriage return character (ASCII CR, 0D hexadecimal), followed by the linefeed character (ASCII LF, 0A hexadecimal).

In computing, the binary (base-2), octal (base-8) and hexadecimal (base-16) bases are most commonly used. Computers, at the most basic level, deal only with sequences of conventional zeroes and ones, thus it is easier in this sense to deal with powers of two. The hexadecimal system is used as "shorthand" for binary—every 4 binary digits (bits) relate to one and only one hexadecimal digit. In hexadecimal, the six digits after 9 are denoted by A, B, C, D, E, and F (and sometimes a, b, c, d, e, and f).

For example, a single byte can have values ranging from 00000000 to 11111111 in binary form, which can be conveniently represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value would be expressed in hexadecimal as . In programming, a number of notations are used to denote hexadecimal numbers, usually involving a prefix or suffix.

A consequence is, that when using regular characters it is not possible to determine whether hexadecimal value is intended, or even whether a value is intended at all. That should be determined at a higher level, e.g. by prepending "0x" to a hexadecimal number or by context. The only feature is that Unicode can note that a sequence can or can not be a hexadecimal value.

The support for hexadecimal in this context is more recent, so older browsers might have problems displaying characters referenced with hexadecimal numbers—but they will probably have a problem displaying Unicode characters above code point 255 anyway. To ensure better compatibility with older browsers, it is still a common practice to convert the hexadecimal code point into a decimal value (for example `合` instead of `合`).

The hexadecimal value of BISU Silver is DCDDDE. It is a CMYK color.

The ASCII code for the percent character is 37, or 0x25 in hexadecimal.

A day is unity, or 1, and any fraction thereof can be shown with digits to the right of the hexadecimal separator. So the day begins at midnight with .0000 and one hexadecimal second after midnight is .0001. Noon is .

A nibble has sixteen (24) possible values. A nibble can be represented by a single hexadecimal digit and called a hex digit. A full byte (octet) is represented by two hexadecimal digits; therefore, it is common to display a byte of information as two nibbles. Sometimes the set of all 256 byte values is represented as a 16×16 table, which gives easily readable hexadecimal codes for each value.

Hexadecimal systems are based on 16. The traditional Chinese units of measurement were base-16. For example, one jīn (斤) in the old system equals sixteen taels. The suanpan (Chinese abacus) can be used to perform hexadecimal calculations such as additions and subtractions.

A group of four bits, or half a byte, is sometimes called a nibble, nybble or nyble. This unit is most often used in the context of hexadecimal number representations, since a nibble has the same amount of information as one hexadecimal digit.

Some systems had problems once the year rolled over to 2010. This was dubbed by some in the media as the "Y2K+10" or "Y2.01k" problem. The main source of problems was confusion between hexadecimal number encoding and BCD encodings of numbers. The numbers 0 through 9 are encoded in both hexadecimal and BCD as 00 through 09. But the decimal number 10 is encoded in hexadecimal as 0A and in BCD as 10.

In computing, a hextet is a sixteen-bit aggregation, or four nibbles. As a nibble typically is notated in hexadecimal format, a hextet consists of 4 hexadecimal digits. A hextet is the unofficial name for each of the 8 blocks in an IPv6 address.

In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base 16 or hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of 16. Unlike the common way of representing numbers using 10 symbols, hexadecimal uses 16 distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9, and "A"–"F" (or alternatively "a"–"f") to represent values 10 to 15. Hexadecimal numerals are widely used by computer system designers and programmers because they provide a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values. Each hexadecimal digit represents four bits (binary digits), also known as a nibble (or nybble), which is half a byte.

The prefix `0x` is used in C and related programming languages, which would denote this value as `0x`. Hexadecimal is used in the transfer encoding Base16, in which each byte of the plaintext is broken into two 4-bit values and represented by two hexadecimal digits.

Tiger2 is a variant where the message is padded by first appending a byte with the hexadecimal value of 0x80 as in MD4, MD5 and SHA, rather than with the hexadecimal value of 0x01 as in the case of Tiger. The two variants are otherwise identical.

Base 11 is called undenary, Base 12 is called duodenary or duodecimal, Base 16 is called hexadecimal.

Another alternative: print "Nancy said \x22Hello World!\x22 to the crowd."; ### example of \x22 uses "\x" to indicate the following two characters are hexadecimal digits, "22" being the ASCII value for a doublequote in hexadecimal. C, C++, Java, and Ruby all allow exactly the same two backslash escape styles.

In 1859, Nystrom proposed a hexadecimal (base 16) system of notation, arithmetic, and metrology called the Tonal system. In addition to new weights and measures, his proposal included a new calendar with sixteen months, a new system of coinage, and a hexadecimal clock with sixteen hours in a day.

Most mini- and micro-computers used either straight octal (377 was followed by 400) or hexadecimal. With the introduction of the optional HA8-6 Z80 processor replacement for the 8080 board, the front-panel keyboard got a new set of labels and hexadecimal notation was used instead of octal.

That is, the value of an octal "10" is the same as a decimal "8", an octal "20" is a decimal "16", and so on. In a hexadecimal system, there are 16 digits, 0 through 9 followed, by convention, with A through F. That is, a hexadecimal "10" is the same as a decimal "16" and a hexadecimal "20" is the same as a decimal "32". An example and comparison of numbers in different bases is described in the chart below.

Ethereum Classic addresses are composed of the prefix "0x", a common identifier for hexadecimal, concatenated with the rightmost 20 bytes of the Keccak-256 hash (big endian) of the ECDSA public key (the curve used is the so-called secp256k1, the same as bitcoin). In hexadecimal, two digits represent a byte, meaning addresses contain 40 hexadecimal digits. An example of an Ethereum Classic address is 0xb794f5ea0ba39494ce839613fffba74279579268. Contract addresses are in the same format, however, they are determined by sender and creation transaction nonce.

This formula, unlike others before it, can produce any individual hexadecimal digit of without calculating all the preceding digits. Individual binary digits may be extracted from individual hexadecimal digits, and octal digits can be extracted from one or two hexadecimal digits. Variations of the algorithm have been discovered, but no digit extraction algorithm has yet been found that rapidly produces decimal digits.. Plouffe did create a decimal digit extraction algorithm, but it is slower than full, direct computation of all preceding digits.

Ethereum addresses are composed of the prefix "0x", a common identifier for hexadecimal, concatenated with the rightmost 20 bytes of the Keccak-256 hash (big endian) of the ECDSA public key (the curve used is the so-called secp256k1, the same as Bitcoin). In hexadecimal, 2 digits represent a byte, meaning addresses contain 40 hexadecimal digits. An example of an Ethereum address is 0xb794f5ea0ba39494ce839613fffba74279579268. Contract addresses are in the same format, however, they are determined by sender and creation transaction nonce.

In Unicode, the hexadecimal code for "pedestrian" is 1F6B6. In XML and HTML, the string `🚶` produces 🚶.

In Unicode, Miscellaneous Technical symbols placed in the hexadecimal range 0x2300–0x23FF, (decimal 8960–9215), as described below.

The equivalent hexadecimal values of these two four-digit binary numbers are `3` and `8`, respectively, which equal hexadecimal `38`. Similarly, `100001` is equivalent to hexadecimal `21`. So, the numbers `8.38` and `8.21` are entered into the MK-52 and the OR operation is performed on them. The OR operation is achieved by pressing the `[K]` key, then `[CHS]` (which looks like `[/-/]`). The result displayed should be `8.39`, which translates into binary `0011` and `1001`, and, hence, the binary number `111001`, which is the result. The following list details the MK-52's graphical representation of hexadecimal numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, -, L, C, Г, E, (blank).

The following charts show the numeric values of BCD characters in hexadecimal (base-16) notation, as that most clearly reflects the structure of 4-bit binary coded decimal, plus two extra bits. For example, the code for 'A', in row 3x and column x1, is hexadecimal 31, or binary '11 0001'.

Other representations of the same single-byte code include 0x20 as hexadecimal, or 32 as a single decimal number.

In the preface of each of his books and on his website,See Books in Print by Donald E. Knuth Knuth offers a reward of $2.56 (USD) to the first person to find each error in his published books, whether it be technical, typographical, or historical. Knuth explains that $2.56, or 256 cents, corresponds to one hexadecimal dollar.Frequently Asked Questions on Don Knuth's webpage . "Valuable suggestions" are worth 32 cents, or about of the errors in the book (0.2 hexadecimal dollars or 20 hexadecimal cents).

AMD refers to it as Family 10h Processors, as it is the successor of the Family 0Fh Processors (codename K8). 10h and 0Fh refer to the main result of the CPUID x86 processor instruction. In hexadecimal numbering, 0Fh (h represents hexadecimal numbering) equals the decimal number 15, and 10h equals decimal 16.

These formats are still supported in the current design, where they are now called the "hexadecimal floating-point" (HFP) formats.

Normal hexadecimal representation is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

The OUI is normally discussed and represented as a set of octets in hexadecimal notation separated by dashes (i.e., FF-FF-FF) or as a set of octets separated by colons in bit-reversed notation (i.e., FF:FF:FF). The two least-significant-bits of the second nibble of the first octet of the hexadecimal representation (i.e.

The Netronics ELF II was an early microcomputer trainer kit featuring the RCA 1802 microprocessor, 256 bytes of RAM, DMA-based bitmap graphics, hexadecimal keypad, two digit hexadecimal LED display, a single "Q" LED, and 5 expansion slots. The system was developed and sold by Netronics Research and Development Limited in New Milford, CT, USA.

The 0x88 chess board representation is a square-centric method of representing the chess board used by some chess programs. The number 0x88 is a hexadecimal integer (136, 210, 10001000). The rank and file positions are each represented by a nibble (hexadecimal digit), and the bit gaps simplify a number of computations to bitwise operations.

A text file created with gedit and viewed with a hex editor. Besides the text objects, there are only EOL markers with the hexadecimal value 0A. Even though the control characters are unambiguously defined in the corresponding character encoding table used by a text file, there still is an issue: there are different conventions to set and display a line break. To denote a single line break, Unix programs use , whose hexadecimal value in ASCII is , while most programs common to MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows use +, whose hexadecimal value in ASCII is .

Windows 3.1 defined 20 application compatibility flags. Windows 95 and 98 defined a further 11 flags, not documented in the KnowledgeBase article and not assigned symbolic constant names in , which are the remainder of the options accessible via the "Advanced Options" menu in Make Compatible: ;Disable 16 color brush cache and 55ms timer:This is bit #29 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x20000000`. ;Disable EMF spooling:This is bit #26 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x4000000`. ;Disable font associations:This is bit #24 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x1000000`.

The ASCII and Unicode representation of "Synchronous Idle" is 22 in decimal, which is 26 in octal and 16 in hexadecimal.

Planes 4 to 13 (planes `4` to `D` in hexadecimal): No characters have yet been assigned to Planes 4 through 13.

W% = &12345678 : REM ampersand (&) specifies hexadecimal > PRINT ~?W%, ~W%?3 : REM tilde (~) prints in hexadecimal 78 12 Strings of text could be PEEKed and POKEd in a similar way using the Dollar sign ($). The end of the string is marked with the Carriage return character (&0D in ASCII); when read back, this terminating character is not returned.

For example, as decimal 9881 is equal to hexadecimal 2699, associates "Gr" with . See below for use of decimal code points in HTML.

The hexadecimal system can express negative numbers the same way as in decimal: −2A to represent −4210 and so on. Hexadecimal can also be used to express the exact bit patterns used in the processor, so a sequence of hexadecimal digits may represent a signed or even a floating point value. This way, the negative number −4210 can be written as FFFF FFD6 in a 32-bit CPU register (in two's-complement), as C228 0000 in a 32-bit FPU register or C045 0000 0000 0000 in a 64-bit FPU register (in the IEEE floating-point standard).

He mortally wounded Bob's partner and moved in toward Bob before being accidentally teleported away by Welman Matrix's gateway device. The results were devastating: the destruction of Mainframe's twin city (creating Lost Angles), everyone present being nullified (including Welman, who became Nibbles), and Gigabyte being split into Megabyte and Hexadecimal. Upon being separated, Hexadecimal observed her surroundings and (with a mask change) exclaimed, "I like it here!". Hexadecimal is melodramatic and extremely emotional, able to switch emotions by a simple wave of her hand (which changes the noh-styled mask she wears, and her emotions along with it).

Numbers used in this article are expressed as follows: unless specified as hexadecimal (base 16), all numbers used are in decimal (base 10). When necessary to express a number in hexadecimal, the standard mainframe assembler format of using the capital letter X preceding the number, expressing any hexadecimal letters in the number in upper case, and enclosing the number in single quotes, e.g. the number 15deadbeef16 would be expressed as X'15DEADBEEF'. A "byte" as used in this article, is 8-bits, and unless otherwise specified, a "byte" and a "character" are the same thing; characters in EBCDIC are also 8-bit.

Hexspeak, like leetspeak, is a novelty form of variant English spelling using the hexadecimal digits. Created by programmers as memorable magic numbers, hexspeak words can serve as a clear and unique identifier with which to mark memory or data. Hexadecimal notation represents numbers using the 16 digits `0123456789ABCDEF`. Using only the letters `ABCDEF` it is possible to spell several words.

Less commonly, the day could be divided in binary fractions, such as ½ day, ¼ day, etc. The clock would show the time in 16 bits, where the smallest unit would be exactly day, or (about 1.318) seconds. An analog format also exists of this type. However, it's much easier to write and express this in hexadecimal, which would be hexadecimal time.

Base32 also has advantages over hexadecimal/Base16: # Base32 representation takes roughly 20% less space. (1000 bits takes 200 characters, compared with 250 for Base16).

Since machine control characters are hardware commands, many of them are not displayable characters and therefore machine control characters are always specified as hexadecimal values.

DEC Special Graphics is a 7-bit character set developed by Digital Equipment Corporation. This was used very often to draw boxes on the VT100 video terminal and the many emulators, and used by bulletin board software. The designation escape sequence (hexadecimal ) switched the codes for lower-case ASCII letters to draw this set, and the sequence (hexadecimal ) switched back. IBM calls it Code page 1090.

Each record begins with a semicolon (), followed by two hexadecimal digits denoting the length of the data in the record. The next two bytes represent the starting address of the data, in big-endian (most- significant byte first) hexadecimal. Up to 24 bytes of data follow. Then, there is a 2-byte (4-character) checksum: the sum of the other non- data in the record.

The prefix checksum is the 8-bit sum of the four-bit hexadecimal value of the six digits that make up the address and byte count. # Data -- contains the data to be transferred, followed by a 2 character (1 byte) checksum. The data checksum is the 8-bit sum, modulo 256, of the 4-bit hexadecimal values of the digits that make up the data bytes.

2.143` as its link-local IPv6 address. The shortened notation would be `fe80::0200:5efe:c000:028f` (where `c0 00 02 8f` is `192.0.2.143` in hexadecimal notation).

When typing numbers, formatting characters are used to describe the number system, for example 000_0000B or 0b000_00000 for binary and 0F8H or 0xf8 for hexadecimal numbers.

WWN addresses are predominantly represented as colon separated hexadecimal octets, MSB-first, with leading zeros — similar to Ethernet's MAC address. However, there is much variance between vendors.

Codes are created using the hexadecimal numbering system, and while Datel supplies a rich base of codes, users are given the ability to create their own codes.

Terminals are specified by one or more numeric characters. Numeric characters may be specified as the percent sign `%`, followed by the base (`b` = binary, `d` = decimal, and `x` = hexadecimal), followed by the value, or concatenation of values (indicated by `.`). For example, a carriage return is specified by `%d13` in decimal or `%x0D` in hexadecimal. A carriage return followed by a line feed may be specified with concatenation as `%d13.10`.

TI-35 Plus It added hexadecimal and octal calculations and a 10+2 display (i.e. 10 digit mantissa with a 2-digit exponent) with 12-digit internal precision.

Hexadecimal Unicode input can be enabled by adding a string type (REG_SZ) value called `EnableHexNumpad` to the registry key `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Input Method` and assigning the value data `1` to it. Users will need to log off and back in after editing the registry for this input method to start working. (In versions earlier than Vista, users needed to reboot for it to start working.) Unicode characters can then be entered by holding down , and typing on the numeric keypad, followed by the hexadecimal code – using the numeric keypad for digits from 0 to 9 and letter keys for A to F – and then releasing . This may not work for 5-digit hexadecimal codes like .

This was used by the COSMAC Elf microcomputer and its successors to load a program from toggle switches or a hexadecimal keypad with no required software and minimal hardware.

There are multiple tag file formats. Some of them are described below. In the following, represents the byte with hexadecimal representation . Every line ends with a line feed (LF, = ).

Honeywell hexadecimal code used B to G where IBM used A to F. DEC The punched letter or number is translated into a four bit decimal code. This is like hexadecimal except that only 0 to 9 are valid. ALF The punched letter or number is translated according to Honeywell's own binary code for Alphanumeric numbers, letters and symbols. M,x,text plus separate entries of x,text in EACH address field.

The "Reporting Body Identifier" is also known as the Regional Code in the CDMA context. The International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) and Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) structures are superficially the same, except that the first two digits must be decimal for an IMEI, and must be hexadecimal for an MEID. In 3GPP2 terms the GSMA is the Global Decimal Administrator while the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) is the Global Hexadecimal Administrator.

Octets can be represented using number systems of varying bases such as the hexadecimal, decimal, or octal number systems. The binary value of all eight bits set (or activated) is , equal to the hexadecimal value , the decimal value , and the octal value . One octet can be used to represent decimal values ranging from 0 to 255. The term octet (symbol: o) is often used when the use of byte might be ambiguous.

Cornflower blue is a Crayola color with hexadecimal code #93CCEA. It was originally introduced in 1958, in the box of 48 crayons. The color is also called light cornflower blue.

ISO/IEC 4873 introduced 32 additional control codes defined in the 80–9F hexadecimal range, as part of extending the 7-bit ASCII encoding to become an 8-bit system.

""), hexadecimal values (e.g. , also abbreviated as ), RGB values on a 0 to 255 scale (e.g. ``), RGBA values that specify both color and alpha transparency (e.g. ), or HSL or HSLA values (e.g.

This feature adds support for 128-bit "hexadecimal" floating-point operands. It is standard on all 165 and 168 models, and is an "Optional (no-charge)" feature on the 370/158.

In 2000, Hexadecimal Luthor became President of the Loonited States. In 2004, he was re-elected. In March 2001, the city of Sig.ago was completely destroyed (it would eventually be restored).

As with all bases there is a simple algorithm for converting a representation of a number to hexadecimal by doing integer division and remainder operations in the source base. In theory, this is possible from any base, but for most humans only decimal and for most computers only binary (which can be converted by far more efficient methods) can be easily handled with this method. Let d be the number to represent in hexadecimal, and the series hihi−1...h2h1 be the hexadecimal digits representing the number. # i ← 1 # hi ← d mod 16 # d ← (d − hi) / 16 # If d = 0 (return series hi) else increment i and go to step 2 "16" may be replaced with any other base that may be desired.

Although quaternary (base 4) is little used, it can easily be converted to and from hexadecimal or binary. Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to a pair of quaternary digits and each quaternary digit corresponds to a pair of binary digits. In the above example 5 E B 5 216 = 11 32 23 11 024. The octal (base 8) system can also be converted with relative ease, although not quite as trivially as with bases 2 and 4.

In binary (base-2), a full space can be used between groups of four digits, corresponding to a nibble, or equivalently to a hexadecimal digit. For integer numbers, dots are used as well to separate groups of four bits.As an example, the DR-DOS DEBUG `H` command displays the entered number in hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary notation: -h 1234 1234 #4660 \011064 %0001.0010.0011.0100 Alternatively, binary digits may be grouped by threes, corresponding to an octal digit.

"Love conquers all boundaries" (AndrAIa, S4 episode 3): Hexadecimal decides to fight Daemon's countdown due to her love for Bob and desire for him to survive. "Chaos will always triumph over Order; it is the way of things" ("Game Over"); Daemon's purpose is stated by Turbo to bring order to the Net, and the self-styled Queen of Chaos fights her to a standstill and cures the Net of the infection. Her name is a reference to hexadecimal notation.

While the LMC does reflect the actual workings of binary processors, the simplicity of decimal numbers was chosen to minimize the complexity for students who may not be comfortable working in binary/hexadecimal.

Modified UTF-8 (MUTF-8) originated in the Java programming language. In Modified UTF-8, the null character (U+0000) uses the two-byte overlong encoding (hexadecimal ), instead of (hexadecimal ). Modified UTF-8 strings never contain any actual null bytes but can contain all Unicode code points including U+0000, which allows such strings (with a null byte appended) to be processed by traditional null-terminated string functions. All known Modified UTF-8 implementations also treat the surrogate pairs as in CESU-8.

When being used for one-time passwords and stored static passwords, the YubiKey emits characters using a modified hexadecimal alphabet which is intended to be as independent of system keyboard settings as possible. This alphabet, referred to as ModHex or Modified Hexadecimal, consists of the characters "cbdefghijklnrtuv", corresponding to the hexadecimal digits "0123456789abcdef". Due to YubiKeys using raw keyboard scan codes in USB HID mode, there can be problems when using the devices on computers that are set up with different keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak. It is recommended to either use operating system features to temporarily switch to a standard US keyboard layout (or similar) when using one-time passwords, although YubiKey Neo and later devices can be configured with alternate scan codes to match layouts that aren't compatible with the ModHex character set.

The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.

Centralized collection of this information may support troubleshooting and abuse investigations. IPAM tools are increasingly important as new IPv6 networks are deployed with large address pools of 128-bit hexadecimal numbers and new subnetting techniques.

WinHex is a commercial disk editor and universal hexadecimal editor (hex editor) used for data recovery and digital forensics.WinHex 15.9, CNET. January 23, 2011. It is made by X-Ways Software Technology AG of Germany.

In addition to unique graphical representations, Lapointe also devised a pronunciation for each of the sixteen digits. Using four consonants (HBKD) and four vowels (OAEI), one obtains sixteen combinations: HO, HA, HE, HI, BO, BA, BE, BI, KO, KA, KE, KI, DO, DA, DE, DI. To express any number, it suffices to enumerate the (hexadecimal) digits that make it up. For example: the number written as "2000" in base ten, which translates to "7D0" in conventionally-written hexadecimal, would in Bibi-binary be spoken aloud as "BIDAHO".

Megabyte's origin is revealed in the fourth season. He and Hexadecimal were once one virus (Killabyte), who was scheduled for deletion by the Guardians, but upgraded into Gigabyte before it could be carried out. He mortally wounded Bob's partner and moved in toward Bob before being accidentally teleported away by Welman Matrix's gateway device. The results were devastating: the destruction of Mainframe's twin city (creating Lost Angles), everyone present being nullified (including Welman, who became Nibbles), and Gigabyte being split into Megabyte and Hexadecimal.

Macs made after 1987 but prior to 1998, upon failing the POST, will immediately halt with a "death chime", which is a sound that varies by model; it can be a beep, a car crash sound, the sound of shattering glass, a short musical tone, or more. On the screen, if working, will be the Sad Mac icon, along with two hexadecimal strings, which can be used to identify the problem. Macs made prior to 1987 crashed silently with the hexadecimal string and a Sad Mac icon.

A hex dump of the 318 byte Wikipedia favicon In computing, a hex dump is a hexadecimal view (on screen or paper) of computer data, from RAM or from a computer file or storage device. Looking at a hex dump of data is usually done in the context of either debugging or reverse engineering. In a hex dump, each byte (8-bits) is represented as a two-digit hexadecimal number. Hex dumps are commonly organized into rows of 8 or 16 bytes, sometimes separated by whitespaces.

So, the term geocoding (used for addresses) sometimes is generalized for geocodes. In spatial indexing applications the geocode can also be translated between human-readable (e.g. hexadecimal) and internal (e.g. binary 64-bit unsigned integer) representations.

The Software Link's PC-MOS includes an implementation of `TYPE`. Like the rest of the operating system, it is licensed under the GPL v3. It supports an option to display the file content in hexadecimal form.

Allchin is known as a prolific computer programmer/engineer. Allchin is also known for debugging systems remotely by having the person on the phone toggle in hexadecimal via front panel switches of early computers to correct problems.

It is also equal to 32 (see tetration). Sixteen is the base of the hexadecimal number system, which is used extensively in computer science. Sixteen is the largest known integer n for which 2n+1 is prime.

The announced features include a fully working virtual computer, random encounters, an advanced economy system, and also single and multiplayer modes in a consistent universe, or "Multiverse". The game takes place in the year AD 281,474,976,712,644 after people start waking up from "deep sleep" caused by a bug in deep sleep cells that were released in 1988. is a prefix used in C, among other programming languages, to indicate a hexadecimal number: 10C in hexadecimal is equivalent to 1612 in decimal, which equals 281,474,976,710,656, the number of years passed in the story since 1988.

Octal and hexadecimal encoding are convenient ways to represent binary numbers, as used by computers. Computer engineers often need to write out binary quantities, but in practice writing out a binary number such as 1001001101010001 is tedious and prone to errors. Therefore, binary quantities are written in a base-8, or "octal", or, much more commonly, a base-16, "hexadecimal" (hex), number format. In the decimal system, there are 10 digits, 0 through 9, which combine to form numbers. In an octal system, there are only 8 digits, 0 through 7.

At the time, it attracted the attention of André Lichnerowicz, then engaged in studies at the University of Lyon. It found some use in a variety of unforeseen applications: stochastic poetry, stochastic art, colour classification, aleatory music, architectural symbolism, etc. The notational system directly and logically encodes the binary representations of the digits in a hexadecimal (base sixteen) numeral. In place of the Arabic numerals 0–9 and letters A–F currently used in writing hexadecimal numerals, it presents sixteen newly devised symbols (thus evading any risk of confusion with the decimal system).

Octal games like Nim, in which every move transforms a heap into zero or one heaps, are called quaternary games because the only digits that appear are 0, 1, 2, and 3. The octal notation may also be extended to include hexadecimal games, in which digits permit division of a heap into three parts. In fact, arbitrarily large bases are possible. The analysis of quaternary, octal, and hexadecimal games show that these classes of games are markedly different from each other, and the behavior of larger bases has not received as much scrutiny.

The binary code for this instruction is 10110 followed by a 3-bit identifier for which register to use. The identifier for the AL register is 000, so the following machine code loads the AL register with the data 01100001. 10110000 01100001 This binary computer code can be made more human-readable by expressing it in hexadecimal as follows. B0 61 Here, `B0` means 'Move a copy of the following value into AL, and `61` is a hexadecimal representation of the value 01100001, which is 97 in decimal.

The calculator can be set to display values in binary, octal, or hexadecimal form, as well as the default decimal. When a non-decimal base is selected, calculation results are truncated to integers. Regardless of which display base is set, non- decimal numbers must be entered with a suffix indicating their base, which involves three or more extra keystrokes. When hexadecimal is selected, the row of six keys normally used for floating-point functions (trigonometry, logarithms, exponentiation, etc.) are instead allocated to the hex digits A to F (although they are physically labelled to ).

A new version of MLX was introduced for the Apple II in the June 1985 issue.Tim Victor, "Apple MLX: Machine Language Entry Program", COMPUTE!, June 1985, p. 114 This version uses an 8-byte-per-line hexadecimal format.

Each octal digit corresponds to three binary digits, rather than four. Therefore we can convert between octal and hexadecimal via an intermediate conversion to binary followed by regrouping the binary digits in groups of either three or four.

If no PSIP is transmitted, the physical channel number is used, and each transport stream is enumerated according to its TSID (converted from hexadecimal), or starting sequentially at .1, .2, .3, and so forth, depending on the tuner.

HEX The punched letter or number is translated into a four bit hexadecimal code. 0 becomes 0000, 1 becomes 0001, ..... 9 becomes 1001. Then B to G indicate decimal 10 to 15, which in binary is 1010 to 1111.

Least significant bit first means that the least significant bit will arrive first: hence e.g. the same hexadecimal number `0x12`, again `00010010` in binary representation, will arrive as the (reversed) sequence `0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0`.

Setting a memory location to hexadecimal zeroes is also sometimes known as "clearing" and is often performed by an exclusive or instruction (both operands specifying the same variable), at machine code level, since it requires no additional memory access.

A frame delimiter at the end of a frame may also mark the start of the next frame. On both synchronous and asynchronous links, the flag sequence is binary "01111110", or hexadecimal 0x7E, but the details are quite different.

Nonary (base 9, each digit is two ternary digits) or septemvigesimal (base 27, each digit is three ternary digits) can be used for compact representation of ternary, similar to how octal and hexadecimal systems are used in place of binary.

The floating-point arithmetic feature provides 4 64-bit floating point registers and instructions to operate on 32 and 64 bit hexadecimal floating point numbers. The 360/85 and 360/195 also support 128 bit extended precision floating point numbers.

The icon also lacks a nose, and the frown is flipped horizontally. It also does not show hexadecimal codes indicating what problem occurred in the iPod. This error screen will not show up when a problem occurs in the newer iPods.

This mode shows characters as hexadecimal characters (0-9 and A-F). Editor converts Unix newlines to DOS newlines and has mouse support. Some of these features were added only in 1995 (version 2.0), with the release of Windows 95.

Any 8-bit byte value may be encoded with 3 characters: an `=` followed by two hexadecimal digits (`0`–`9` or `A`–`F`) representing the byte's numeric value. For example, an ASCII form feed character (decimal value 12) can be represented by "`=0C`", and an ASCII equal sign (decimal value 61) must be represented by `=3D`. All characters except printable ASCII characters or end of line characters (but also `=`) must be encoded in this fashion. All printable ASCII characters (decimal values between 33 and 126) may be represented by themselves, except `=` (decimal 61, hexadecimal 3D, therefore `=3D`).

UnicodeInput window If one prefers not to edit the registry or if, as on many laptops, the numeric keypad is unavailable, third-party software such as UnicodeInput can be used. AutoHotkey scripts support substitution of Unicode characters for keystrokes. For example, the command `Send {U+2014}` will insert an em dash in a text field in the active window. In some applications (Word, WordPad and LibreOffice programs) a simpler method is supported: one first enters the character's hexadecimal code (between two and six hexadecimal digits), then types which will replace the digits with the Unicode character.

In the following example, three chunks of length 4, 5 and 14 (hexadecimal "E") are shown. The chunk size is transferred as a hexadecimal number followed by \r as a line separator, followed by a chunk of data of the given size. 4\r (bytes to send) Wiki\r (data) 5\r (bytes to send) pedia\r (data) 3\r (bytes to send) in\r (data) 8\r (bytes to send) chunks.\r (data) 0\r (final byte - 0) \r (end message) Note: the chunk size indicates the size of the chunk data and excludes the trailing CRLF ("\r ").

In a RGB colour space, the blue of the East Turkestan flag is composed of 101/183/255 (dec); in hexadecimal colour code #65B7FF. In a CMYK colour space, it is composed of 58% cyan, 19% magenta, 0% yellow and 0% black.

Hex is 0–9 A–F, where the ten numerics retain their usual meaning, and the alphabetics correspond to values 10–15, for a total of sixteen digits. The numeral "10" is binary numeral "2", octal numeral "8", or hexadecimal numeral "16".

On the other hand, jargon that once was obscure outside a small ingroup can become generally known over time. For example, the terms bit, byte, and hexadecimal (which are terms from computing jargon) are now recognized by many people outside computer science.

Example of Elvis' hypertext help screen. Elvis recognizes binary files, as well and provides a split screen for editing them. Example of Elvis' hexadecimal editing mode. jelvis, a Japanese variant, is available, based on work by Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino up until 1998.

It is a sphenic number. In base 10, it is a repdigit, and because it is divisible by the sum of its digits, it is a Harshad number. It is also a Harshad number in binary, base 11, base 13 and hexadecimal.

Most assemblers allow an immediate value to be expressed as ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal, or binary data. Thus, the ASCII character is the same as or . The byte order of strings may differ between processors, depending on the assembler and computer architecture.

These are the last versions of Windows Calculator, where calculating with Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal/Octal numbers is included into scientific mode. In Windows 7, they were moved to programmer mode, which is a new separate mode that co-exists with scientific mode.

PHP stores whole numbers in a platform-dependent range. This range is typically that of 32-bit signed integers. Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), octal and hexadecimal notations. Real numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range.

Each contains a large amount of hexadecimal code that can be pieced together to create a map called "Hats off to Eight Nineteen", which features a map label reading, "Hangar 96". This multiplayer arena matches grainy pictures found in terminals within the dream levels.

Intercom 1000 even has an optional double-precision version. As mentioned above the machine uses hexadecimal numbers, but the user never has to deal with this in normal programming. The user programs use the decimal numbers while the OS resides in the higher addresses.

This time format was proposed by the Swedish- American engineer John W. Nystrom in 1863 as part of his tonal system. In 1997, the American Mark Vincent Rogers of Intuitor proposed a similar system of hexadecimal time and implemented it in JavaScript as the Hexclock.

The byte sequence is usually restricted to ASCII printable characters, with space characters reserved for padding shorter sequences. Case sensitivity is preserved, unlike in file extensions. FourCCs are sometimes encoded in hexadecimal (e.g., "0x31637661" for 'avc1') and sometimes encoded in a human-readable way (e.g.

In the display of a calculator that can handle hexadecimal, d and b are reflections of each other (in seven-segment display representations of hexadecimal digits, b and d are usually represented as lowercase while A, C, E and F are presented in uppercase). Likewise, 3 would become E reflected, and A remains the same, but A and E being even digits, the three or A cannot be used as the first digit because the reflected number will be even. Though 6 and 9 become each other upside down, they are not valid digits when reflected, at least not in any of the numeral systems pocket calculators usually operate in.

Machine code programs were also published, usually for simple video games listed in BASIC DATA statements as hexadecimal numbers that could be POKEd into the memory of a home computer by a 'stub' loader at the beginning of the program. Machine language listings could be entered with a program provided in each issue called MLX (available for Apple II, Atari and Commodore hardware, and written in BASIC). Early versions of MLX accepted input in decimal, but this was later changed to the more compact hexadecimal format. It was noted particularly for software such as the multiplatform word processor SpeedScript, the spreadsheet SpeedCalc, and the game Laser Chess.

This is to help ease the transition for legacy software since the Basic Multilingual Plane is addressable with just two octets. The characters outside the first plane usually have very specialized or rare use. Each plane corresponds with the value of the one or two hexadecimal digits (0—9, A—F) preceding the four final ones: hence U+24321 is in Plane 2, U+4321 is in Plane 0 (implicitly read U+04321), and U+10A200 would be in Plane 16 (hex 10 = decimal 16). Within one plane, the range of code points is hexadecimal 0000—FFFF, yielding a maximum of 65536 code points.

The run-time library would erroneously set that flag in calls to `GlobalAlloc()`, and any application compiled with that compiler would thus exhibit the behaviour. ;Ignore raster fonts:This is bit #9 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x200`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_TTIGNORERASTERDUPE` in . This flag prevents fonts of the same sizes from being enumerated as both bitmap and TrueType fonts. This was because several applications, including WordPerfect and Visual Basic, were not capable of handling that particular situation correctly. ;Ignore topmost windows:This is bit #3 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x8`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_IGNORETOPMOST` in .

It is perceived by the PC community that after the use of the codename K8 for the Athlon 64 processor family, AMD no longer uses K-nomenclatures (which originally stood for Kryptonite) since no K-nomenclature naming convention beyond K8 has appeared in official AMD documents and press releases after the beginning of 2005. AMD now refers to the codename K8 processors as the Family 0Fh processors. 10h and 0Fh refer to the main result of the CPUID x86 processor instruction. In hexadecimal numbering, 0F(h) (where the h represents hexadecimal numbering) equals the decimal number 15, and 10(h) equals the decimal number 16.

Rarely, applications such as Aviary's Peacock will supply boolean arithmetic blend modes. These combine the binary expansion of the hexadecimal color at each pixel of two layers using boolean logic gates. The top layer's alpha controls interpolation between the lower layer's image and the combined image.

The base configuration had 20 keys for the main input (16 hexadecimal keys for numeric input and keys labelled AD (for address), GO (to execute a program), + and -. There was also a reset key in the standard configuration and an optional upgrade had a function key.

Somehow, he and Scuzzy found a way to breach the Firewall, allowing him to escape and Scuzzy to enter to free Hexadecimal. However, a very happy and disinfected Cyrus is seen leading the chorus line's dance in the musical number at the end of Season 3.

The two planes 15 and 16 (planes `F` and `10` in hexadecimal), are designated as "Private Use Areas". They contain blocks called Supplementary Private Use Area-A (PUA-A) and -B (PUA-B), which are available for use by parties outside the ISO and the Unicode Consortium.

Decimal: The standard Hindu–Arabic numeral system using base ten. Binary: The base-two numeral system used by computers. Hexadecimal: Widely used by computer system designers and programmers, as they provide a more human-friendly representation of binary-coded values. Octal: Occasionally used by computer system designers and programmers.

The number 2,147,483,647 (or hexadecimal 7FFFFFFF16) is the maximum positive value for a 32-bit signed binary integer in computing. It is therefore the maximum value for variables declared as integers (e.g., as `int`) in many programming languages, and the maximum possible score, money, etc. for many video games.

An example is the escape sequence, which has 1B as the hexadecimal value in ASCII, represents the escape character, and is supported in GCC, clang and tcc. It wasn't however added to the C standard repertoire, because it has no meaningful equivalent in some character sets (such as EBCDIC).

For example, `INT 13H` will generate the 20th software interrupt (0x13 is the number 19 -- nineteen -- written in hexadecimal notation, and the count starts with 0), causing the function pointed to by the 20th vector in the interrupt table to be executed, which is typically a DOS API call.

The sequence denotes the code point , interpreted as a hexadecimal number. The sequence denotes the code point , interpreted as a hexadecimal number. (Therefore, code points located at U+10000 or higher must be denoted with the syntax, whereas lower code points may use or .) The code point is converted into a sequence of code units in the encoding of the destination type on the target system. For example, consider char s1[] = "\xC0"; char s2[] = "\u00C1"; wchar_t s3[] = L"\xC0"; wchar_t s4[] = L"\u00C0"; The string will contain a single byte (not counting the terminating null) whose numerical value, the actual value stored in memory, is in fact . The string will contain the character "Á", U+00C1 .

Programme Identification (PI) is a service provided by radio stations transmitting Radio Data System (RDS) data as part of the FM radio broadcast. It is 4-digit hexadecimal number. The PI code allows the radio to identify the station across different broadcasts / multiplexes. For example BBC Radio 1 has PI `C201`.

In addition to native character encodings, characters can also be encoded as character references, which can be numeric character references (decimal or hexadecimal) or character entity references. Character entity references are also sometimes referred to as named entities, or HTML entities for HTML. HTML's usage of character references derives from SGML.

A routing prefix in the range may be constructed by generating a random 40-bit hexadecimal string, taken for this example to be 0xe48dba82e1. The string is appended to the prefix . This forms the 48-bit routing prefix . With this prefix, subnets of size are available for the private network: to .

A fixed- point data type uses the same denominator for all numbers. The denominator is usually a power of two. For example, in a fixed-point system that uses the denominator 65,536 (216), the hexadecimal number 0x12345678 means 0x12345678/65536 or 305419896/65536 or 4660 + 22136/65536 or about 4660.33777.

Character names of non-kanji characters use uppercase Roman letters, spaces, and hyphens. Non-kanji characters are given a , but some provisions for these names do not exist. The names of kanji, on the other hand, are mechanically set according to the corresponding hexadecimal representation of their code in UCS/Unicode.

Also, QuickBASIC screen modes 1 and 2 correspond to the CGA BIOS modes 04h through 06h. Further note that QuickBASIC has modes for the Hercules graphics mode, which has no standard BIOS support at all, and for Olivetti/AT&T; extended-CGA graphics modes. In C, hexadecimal 13 is written 0x13.

Compared to the 2B1Q scheme used in the older HDSL and SDSL standards, TC-PAM improves range at a given bit-rate and provides enhanced spectral compatibility with ADSL. TC-PAM is also known as 4B1H, because it uses 16 levels to represents a 4 digit binary, 4 Binary 1 Hexadecimal.

ResKnife is an open-source resource editor for the Apple Macintosh platform. It supports reading and writing resource maps to any fork (data, resource or otherwise) and has basic template-based and hexadecimal editing functionality. ResKnife can export resource data to flat files and supports third-party plug- in editors.

In Big5, lead units had the range A1–FE, trail units had the range 40–7E and A1–FE, and singletons had the range 21–7E (all values in hexadecimal). This overlap again made processing tricky, though at least most of the symbols had unique byte values (though strangely the backslash does not).

If the ILBM file contains a CAMG chunk in which bit 7 is set (i.e. 0x80 in hexadecimal). The file expects to make use of the EHB (Extra Half-Brite) mode of the Amiga chipset. The colour map will have no more than 32 entries, but the image will have 6 bitplanes.

Someone in the Atari hacker community modified DOS 2.0 to add a few features and allow the use of dual density disk drives, with the "look and feel" of DOS 2.0. One new feature added was "RADIX", which one could use to translate hexadecimal numbers to base 10 or base 10 to hex.

The DOS MZ executable format is the executable file format used for .EXE files in DOS. The file can be identified by the ASCII string "MZ" (hexadecimal: 4D 5A) at the beginning of the file (the "magic number"). "MZ" are the initials of Mark Zbikowski, one of leading developers of MS-DOS.

Support of CFF fonts containing a subset of their reference charset was added in 2.1.4-rc1. In 2.1.8, added support of hexadecimal format of data after the `StartData' command in CID-keyed Type 1 fonts, and embedded bitmaps in SFNT-based CFF fonts. Access to CID registry ordering supplement was added in 2.3.6.

Azure pigment Azure ( ) is a bright, cyan-blue color named after the rock azurite. It is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day., On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (hexadecimal #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan.

The WhatsApp client does not allow the user to mark the identifier as verified. In Telegram's optional secret chats the endpoints blindly trust the identifier. Changed identifier spawns a new secret chat window instead of displaying any warning. The identifiers can be verified by comparing the visual or hexadecimal representation of the identifier.

A typical command line would start with a letter such as 'X' (examine memory) followed by a hexadecimal word (the memory address 01AB) and [enter] or [space]. After this sequence the content of the memory location would be shown [FF] and the user could enter a hexadecimal byte [00] to replace the contents of the address, or hit [space] or [enter] to move to the next address [01AB]. An experienced user could enter a small program in this manner, entering machine language from memory. Because of the simple structure of the program, consisting of a vector table (one for each letter) and a small number of subroutines, and because the source code was readily available, adding or modifying Zapple was straightforward.

For the Federal Identity Program operated by the Treasury Board Secretariat of the Government of Canada, official and signage colours are specified in technical specification T-145. The red colour is named FIP red and represented by the hexadecimal triplet FF0000, the 8-bit per channel RGB value (255,0,0), the CMYK color (0,100,100,0), or the Pantone Color Matching System colour Pantone 032. A second red colour, known as safety red, is also specified but not used for official symbols; it is represented by the hexadecimal triplet E8112D, RGB value (230,15,45), CMYK colour (0,90,75,0), or Pantone colour 185. White is represented by CMYK colour white, and the de facto national colour black is represented as CMYK colour black; six more colours are defined for use by the government.

One of the G-15's primary output devices is the typewriter with an output speed of about 10 characters per second for numbers (and lower-case hexadecimal characters u-z) and about three characters per second for alphabetical characters. The machine's limited storage precludes much output of anything but numbers; occasionally, paper forms with pre-printed fields or labels were inserted into the typewriter. A faster typewriter unit was also available. The high-speed photoelectric paper tape reader (250 hexadecimal digits per second on five-channel paper tape for the PR-1; 400 characters from 5-8 channel tape for the PR-2) read programs (and occasionally saved data) from tapes that were often mounted in cartridges for easy loading and unloading.

Unicode blocks are identified by unique names, which use only ASCII characters and are usually descriptive of the nature of the symbols, in English; such as "Tibetan" or "Supplemental Arrows-A". (When comparing block names, one is supposed to equate uppercase with lowercase letters, and ignore any whitespace, hyphens, and underbars; so the last name is equivalent to "supplemental_arrows__a" and "SUPPLEMENTALARROWSA".} Blocks are pairwise disjoint, that is, they do not overlap. The starting code point and the size (number of code points) of each block are always multiples of 16; therefore, in the hexadecimal notation, the starting (smallest) point is U+xxx0 and the ending (largest) point is U+yyyF, where xxx and yyy are three or more hexadecimal digits.

Metasploit often recommends a payload that should work. # Choosing the encoding technique so that hexadecimal opcodes known as "bad characters" are removed from the payload, these characters will cause the exploit to fail. # Executing the exploit. This modular approach – allowing the combination of any exploit with any payload – is the major advantage of the Framework.

Unlike the Unicode Last Resort font, the Unicode BMP Fallback font displays a different glyph for each different Unicode character, but cannot display all Unicode characters. Because four hexadecimal digits can only represent 64K characters (0000=0, FFFF=65,535) the Unicode BMP Fallback is limited to the 64K characters in the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane.

Gobby is a free software collaborative real-time editor available on Windows and Unix-like platforms. (It runs on Mac OS X using Apple's X11.app.) It was initially released in June 2005 by the 0x539 dev group (the hexadecimal value 0x539 is equal to 1337 in decimal). Gobby uses GTK+ for its GUI widgets.

In the Domain Name System (DNS), hostnames are mapped to IPv6 addresses by AAAA ("quad-A") resource records. For reverse resolution, the IETF reserved the domain ip6.arpa, where the name space is hierarchically divided by the 1-digit hexadecimal representation of nibble units (4 bits) of the IPv6 address. This scheme is defined in .

Since overbars designate repeating decimal numbers, the word foobar also signifies a number in hexadecimal, a base typically used in low level programming. That number is 0.F00F00F00 ... , which equals the decimal fraction 256/273. The term foobar was propagated through computer science circles in the 1960s and early 1970s by system manuals from Digital Equipment Corporation.

Reverse DNS lookups for IPv6 addresses use the special domain `ip6.arpa` (previously `ip6.int`). An IPv6 address appears as a name in this domain as a sequence of nibbles in reverse order, represented as hexadecimal digits as subdomains. For example, the pointer domain name corresponding to the IPv6 address is `b.a.9.8.7.6.5.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa`.

Experienced Windows users know that using the ALT key in combination with up to four digits on the keypad can produce characters that are otherwise unavailable on standard PC keyboards (such as accented vowels, graphic box drawing characters, and so on). Similarly, Shift+Tilde along with two hexadecimal characters will accomplish the same task on the S/36.

The ELF part of the name came from an earlier machine called the "COSMAC ELF", published as a construction project in Popular Electronics magazine. Improvements on its predecessor included an etched PCB, a hexadecimal keypad instead of toggle switches for program entry, the CDP1861 Pixie-graphics chip, and the 5 slot 86-line bus for expansion cards.

Application layer protocols like HTTP allow for multiple encodings of data which are interpreted as the same value. For example, the string "cgi-bin" in a URL can be encoded as "%63%67%69%2d%62%69%6e" (i.e., in hexadecimal). A web server will view these as the same string and act on them accordingly.

The optional retractable pen-holder eliminates "retrace lines". The MTA-2 can interface up to four drives for half-inch Mylar magnetic tapes, which can store as many as 300,000 words (in blocks no longer than 108 words). The read/write rate is 430 hexadecimal digits per second; the bidirectional search speed is 2500 characters per second.

18 binary digits have (1000000 octal, 40000 hexadecimal) distinct combinations. 18 bits was a common word size for smaller computers in the 1960s, when large computers often used 36 bit words and 6-bit character sets, sometimes implemented as extensions of BCD, were the norm. There were also 18-bit teletypes experimented with in the 1940s.

Within a particular encoding, the internal code of a certain character simply means the value of the code point used to represent that character. For example, in the Big5 encoding, the character "一" (Chinese, lit. one) has the internal code of A440 (hexadecimal); in the GB encoding, the same character has the internal code of D2BB.

The Bibi-binary system for numeric notation (in French système Bibi-binaire, or abbreviated "système Bibi") is a hexadecimal numeral system first described in 1968Brevet d'invention n° 1.569.028, Procédé de codification de l'information, Robert Jean Lapointe, demandé le 28 mars 1968, délivré le 21 avril 1969. Downloaded from INPI. by singer/mathematician Robert "Boby" Lapointe (1922–1972).

Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw 20px (𐤕). Letters that arose from tau include Roman T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т). The letter occupies the Unicode slots U+03C4 (lowercase) and U+03A4 (uppercase). In HTML, they can be produced with named entities (`τ` and `Τ`), decimal references (`τ` and `Τ`), or hexadecimal references (`τ` and `Τ`).

The results must consider the end-use environment for the map (e.g., CRT, LCD, printed, projected, photocopied). There are five colour specification systems with numbers commonly written in hexadecimal and decimal. ColorBrewer is an online tool designed to take some of the guesswork out of this process by helping users select appropriate colour schemes for their specific mapping needs.

Video payload (as well as ancillary data payload) may use any 10-bit word in the range 4 to 1019 (004 to 3FB in hexadecimal) inclusive; the values 0-3 and 1020-1023 (3FC - 3FF) are reserved and may not appear anywhere in the payload. These reserved words have two purposes, for synchronization packets, and for ancillary data headers.

The next column is the volume setting on a 00H-40H hexadecimal scale, and the last column enables a variety of effects to be applied to the sound (in this case, retriggering). A song consists of a collection of different patterns which can be played in a user-defined order to create the final song structure.

Apple did not provide any utilities for creating shape tables; they had to be created by hand, usually by plotting on graph paper, then calculating the hexadecimal values and entering them into the computer. Beagle Bros created a shape table editing program, which eliminated the "number crunching", called Apple Mechanic, and a related program, Font Mechanic.

Four low-order bits counting from zero to fifteen form the line number. Each decimal number corresponds to one hexadecimal digit. For example, the bit combination corresponding to the graphic character "space" is 010 0000 as a 7-bit number, and 0010 0000 as an 8-bit number. In column/line notation, this is represented as 2/0.

Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain situations, which is different behavior to many other programming languages. Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), octal, hexadecimal, and binary notations. Floating point numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range. They can be specified using floating point notation, or two forms of scientific notation.

Form feed is a page-breaking ASCII control character. It forces the printer to eject the current page and to continue printing at the top of another. Often, it will also cause a carriage return. The form feed character code is defined as 12 (0xC in hexadecimal), and may be represented as control+L or `^L`.

An important application of digit extraction algorithms is to validate new claims of record computations: After a new record is claimed, the decimal result is converted to hexadecimal, and then a digit extraction algorithm is used to calculate several random hexadecimal digits near the end; if they match, this provides a measure of confidence that the entire computation is correct. Between 1998 and 2000, the distributed computing project PiHex used Bellard's formula (a modification of the BBP algorithm) to compute the quadrillionth (1015th) bit of , which turned out to be 0. Bellards formula in: In September 2010, a Yahoo! employee used the company's Hadoop application on one thousand computers over a 23-day period to compute 256 bits of at the two-quadrillionth (2×1015th) bit, which also happens to be zero.

McGill University's official colour is red, specifically PMS 485 (CMYK: 100% magenta, 90% yellow) for printed work. The coat of arms in full colour would be printed in the following colours: PMS 485 for the martlets, PMS 871U for the gold book and PMS 877U for the silver crowns. The RGB value is R237, G27, B47 or Hexadecimal value #ed1b2f for electronic display.

It has been suggested that at one time or another, a way of using the seven beads on each wire to represent hexadecimal digits was used to add and subtract Chinese weights, where one jin (斤) equals sixteen liang (兩). Such a method would not work on a soroban, since only 10 combinations rather than 18 are available on each rod.

However, the B is actually a Subaru internal code for Turbo. 22B is also hexadecimal for the number 555, in reference to State Express 555, Subaru's major sponsor in the WRC from 1993 to 2004. The car's curb weight is . ;GC8F (9/1998-9/1999) Subaru Impreza (MY99) WRX STI Version 5 coupe Mechanically the GC8F was virtually the same as its predecessor.

Programs are entered in the MPT8080 in data entry mode ("MMLE"). Each byte of the program is entered, either by toggling the binary switches and pressing the load button, or by entering the byte on the hexadecimal keypad. The program can then be executed. The program can control the eight output port lines, turning the associated LEDs on or off.

Also inspired by the story is an asteroid discovered in 1993, though not identified as posing any threat to Earth, named 46610 Bésixdouze (the numerical part of its designation represented in hexadecimal as 'B612', while the textual part is French for "B six twelve"). As well, a small asteroid moon, Petit-Prince, discovered in 1998 is named in part after The Little Prince.

Calculator in programmer mode cannot accept or display a number larger than a signed QWORD (16 hexadecimal digits/64 bits). The largest number it can handle is therefore 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (decimal 9,223,372,036,854,775,807). Any calculations in programmer mode which exceed this limit will overflow, even if those calculations would succeed in other modes. In particular, scientific notation is not available in this mode.

He also left Enzo alive so he could launch a propaganda campaign focusing on how the Guardian was an inexperienced boy, thus demoralizing the denizens of Mainframe. Obscenely, he also imprisoned Hexadecimal and forced her into becoming a living weapon, electrocuting her viciously via a collar at the slightest whim. "Rather good, isn't it?", he remarked to Enzo about his latest "weapon".

Due to her power and insanity, her fun nearly always led to Mainframe crashing. She even once nearly caused it unwittingly, when a Web Creature emerged from her mirror and possessed her. All of the nulls sensed this danger and covered her completely. The giant "Nullzilla" monster went on a rampage, as (according to Dot) the possessed-Hexadecimal was trying to escape.

Using Pathfinders camera and motor, he establishes rudimentary two-way communication with Earth, first using hand-written signs, and then sending and receiving ASCII in hexadecimal. NASA transmits a software patch to link the rover with Pathfinder and communicate via text. Watney is angry that the Hermes crew is unaware that he is alive. Sanders finally allows Henderson to inform them.

There are other ASCII encoding with a similar purpose. BPNF, BHLF, and B10F were early binary formats, but they are neither compact nor flexible. Hexadecimal formats are more compact because they represent 4 bits rather than 1 bit per character. Many, such as S-record, are more flexible because they include address information so they can specify just a portion of a PROM.

The BBP formula gives rise to a spigot algorithm for computing the nth base-16 (hexadecimal) digit of (and therefore also the nth binary digit of ) without computing the preceding digits. The existence of this formula came as a surprise. It had been widely believed that computing the nth digit of is just as hard as computing the first n digits.

Before Windows Server 2012, each BSoD displayed an error name in uppercase (e.g. APC_INDEX_MISMATCH), a hexadecimal error number (e.g. 0x00000001) and four parameters. The last two are shown together in the following format: Depending on the error number and its nature, all, some, or even none of the parameters contain data pertaining to what went wrong, and/or where it happened.

Each class of device was given a different set of 16 potential numbers based on hexadecimal numbers, the $30 range for disk drives and $40 for printers, for instance. However, each driver could support as many or as few devices as it wanted; the Atari 820 printer driver supported only a single printer numbered $40, while the disk drivers could support four drives numbered $31 to $34.

Binary, octal, and hexadecimal number bases could be used. Business features included a real-time clock and calendar with up to ten appointments (each with a 22 character message string), as well as functions such as time value of money calculations. The calculator had 6900 bytes of usable memory, shared among variables and formulas. Ten storage registers R0 through R9 could each hold one number.

A counter of the number of PIN encryptions that have occurred since the PIN Entry Device was first initialized. Certain counter values are skipped (as explained below), so that over 1 million PIN encryption operations are possible. Note: The concatenation (left to right) of the Initial Key Serial Number Register and the Encryption Counter form the 80-bit (20 hexadecimal digits) Key Serial Number Register.

For example, entering `f1` and then pressing the combination will produce the character 'ñ'. Unless it is six hexadecimal digits long, the code must not be preceded by any digit or letters a–f as they will be treated as part of the code to be converted. For example, entering `af1` followed by will produce '૱' (U+0AF1), but entering `a0000f1` followed by will produce 'añ'.

BISU Maroon is the official color used in association with Beijing International Studies University. It is described as a brownish crimson and is accompanied by BISU Silver. BISU Maroon is a CMYK color, the hexadecimal value of which is A8392A. BISU Silver is described as a light grey and is used accompanied with BISU Maroon as the official color of Beijing International Studies University.

In its DOS incarnations, the interface was text-based and did not offer WYSIWYG. A Windows-compatible version of QText was released, but the brand faded out from the public as Windows gained popularity and Microsoft Word with Hebrew support became available. QText is no longer developed. The DOS version of QText used encoding starting at the hexadecimal code 128d for the Aleph character.

See Speedrun#Glitch usage for further information. ;Hex editing, Binary editing :The act of editing the raw data that composes a binary file (usually done with a tool that displays the file data in hexadecimal numbers, hence the name hex editing). This is usually done in order to modify input files, such as to change small errors or to copy and paste parts of a movie.

Hexadecimal (voiced by Shirley Millner), the self-proclaimed "Queen of Chaos", is a virus operating out of Lost Angles. She is Megabyte's sister, serving as the chaos to his order. Her origin is revealed in the fourth season. She and Megabyte were once one virus (Killabyte), who was scheduled for deletion by the Guardians, but upgraded to Gigabyte before it could be carried out.

Software like MediaWiki uses "magic words" to make system information available to templates and editors, such as , which displays the server time: ', see . Hexadecimal "words" used in byte code to identify a specific file or data format are known as magic numbers. "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage" was the solution to a challenge ciphertext posed by the inventors of the RSA cipher in 1977.

0 0 2 0 The Unicode BMP Fallback font is a Unicode font that was originally created for debugging purposes. It contains a glyph for every character in the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane. Each glyph consists of a box containing the four hexadecimal digits corresponding to the Unicode value. The example to the left is a mock-up of the glyph for a space character (`U+0020`).

The symbols provided by the Unicode Last Resort font are square with rounded corners with a bold outline. In the left and right sides of the outline, the Unicode range that the character belongs to is given using hexadecimal digits. Top and bottom are used for one or two descriptions of the Unicode block. A symbol representative of the block is centered inside the square.

There are two basic components of the Federal Identity Program: the Canada wordmark and the corporate signature with one of the two national symbols and a bilingual title, all of which are rendered consistently. Official and signage colours, including the national colours of Canada, are specified in technical specification T-145 as hexadecimal triplets, RGB values, CMYK colors, and Pantone Color Matching System numbers.

Some hex dumps have the hexadecimal memory address at the beginning and/or a checksum byte at the end of each line. Although the name implies the use of base-16 output, some hex dumping software may have options for base-8 (octal) or base-10 (decimal) output. Some common names for this program function are `hexdump`, `hd`, `od`, `xxd` and simply `dump` or even `D`.

Intel HEX consists of lines of ASCII text that are separated by line feed or carriage return characters or both. Each text line contains hexadecimal characters that encode multiple binary numbers. The binary numbers may represent data, memory addresses, or other values, depending on their position in the line and the type and length of the line. Each text line is called a record.

The "h" stands for hexadecimal. Mode 13h provides programmers with a linear 320x200 block of video memory, where each byte represents one pixel. This allows ease of programming at the expense of access to other useful features of the VGA hardware. Given the aspect ratio of a 320×200 resolution screen for use on a 4:3 display, Mode 13h does not have square pixels.

Tektronix hex format (TEK HEX) and Extended Tektronix hex format (EXT TEK HEX or XTEK) / Extended Tektronix Object Format are ASCII-based hexadecimal file formats, created by Tektronix, for conveying binary information for applications like programming microcontrollers, EPROMs, and other kinds of chips. Each line of a Tektronix hex file starts with a slash (/) character, whereas extended Tektronix hex files start with a percent (%) character.

WPA Enterprise provides RADIUS based authentication using 802.1X. WPA Personal uses a pre-shared Shared Key (PSK) to establish the security using an 8 to 63 character passphrase. The PSK may also be entered as a 64 character hexadecimal string. Weak PSK passphrases can be broken using off-line dictionary attacks by capturing the messages in the four-way exchange when the client reconnects after being deauthenticated.

Some Windows 3.0 applications, however, relied upon always receiving this message, to determine whether child windows needed repositioning. ;Don't enum device fonts:This is bit #14 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x2000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_ENUMTTNOTDEVICE` in . This flag causes Windows 3.1 to turn the `DEVICE_FONTTYPE` flag off in particular circumstances when an application that is wanting to print enumerates fonts.

The RGB color model for HTML was formally adopted as an Internet standard in HTML 3.2, though it had been in use for some time before that. Initially, the limited color depth of most video hardware led to a limited color palette of 216 RGB colors, defined by the Netscape Color Cube. With the predominance of 24-bit displays, the use of the full 16.7 million colors of the HTML RGB color code no longer poses problems for most viewers. The web-safe color palette consists of the 216 (63) combinations of red, green, and blue where each color can take one of six values (in hexadecimal): #00, #33, #66, #99, #CC or #FF (based on the 0 to 255 range for each value discussed above). These hexadecimal values = 0, 51, 102, 153, 204, 255 in decimal, which = 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% in terms of intensity.

This is also found in computer programming languages for literal values; see . Dice, playing cards and other gaming devices traditionally split quantities into subitizable groups with recognizable patterns. A comparable application is to split up binary and hexadecimal number representations, telephone numbers, bank account numbers (e.g., IBAN, social security numbers, number plates, etc.) into groups ranging from 2 to 5 digits separated by spaces, dots, dashes, or other separators.

The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format. It can be a password, a passphrase, or a hexadecimal string. The secret is used by all systems involved in the cryptographic processes used to secure the traffic between the systems. Crypto systems rely on one or more keys for confidentiality.

Except for the operating system, no software was included. The manufacturer published a series of three booklets that contained software as hexadecimal machine code listings. Software and applications were published in journals such as Funkamateur (Morse code trainer) and Radio Fernsehen Elektronik (EPROM programmer, robot model control). Given the limited availability of computers in East Germany, the LC80 was even used to control scales underground in a potash mine.

This conversion logic slowed the machine cycle somewhat. An attempted redesign in 1975 of the address space was called MS-3 for "Medium Systems 3rd Generation", but that project was cancelled. Machines before the B2900 allowed input numbers with 'undigit' values above 9, but arithmetic on this gave unspecified results. This was used as a form of hexadecimal arithmetic within the MCP and also by some application programmers.

The Short Form EUIMID is based on the 56-bit MEID and is allocated from the same numbering space by the current Global Hexadecimal Administrator (GHA), the TIA. This form requires new files within the R-UIM defined in 3GPP2 specification C.S0023-C v1.0 (or higher). This was published by the TIA as TIA-820-C. The SF_EUIMID has the unique ability to override the phone’s own MEID in signaling.

The MPT8080 "Microtutor" is a microprocessor trainer based on the Intel 8080 processor, developed by Limrose Electronics. It was designed in the mid-1970s to assist in the understanding of the then-new microprocessors. Users of the MPT8080 enter assembly language programs via binary switches or a hexadecimal keypad. While the code executes, the user can observe what is happening on the address, data, and control signals of the microprocessor.

The MK-52 is fully capable of performing Boolean operations on binary numbers. The following example demonstrates the OR logical operation on the binary numbers `111000` and `100001`: Binary numbers are input into the calculator as hexadecimal numbers prepended by an `8`. First, the operator must divide the numbers into groups of four digits, adding leading zeros if necessary, e.g. splitting `111000` into groups of four gives `0011` and `1000`.

EBRs have essentially the same structure as the MBR; except only the first two entries of the partition table are supposed to be used, besides having the mandatory boot record signature (or magic number) of at the end of the sector. This 2-byte signature appears in a disk editor as first and last, because IBM-compatible PCs store hexadecimal words in little-endian order (see table below).

The `od` program can display output in a variety of formats, including octal, hexadecimal, decimal, and ASCII. It is useful for visualizing data that is not in a human-readable format, like the executable code of a program, or where the primary form is ambiguous (e.g. some Latin, Greek and Cyrillic characters looking similar). `od` is one of the earliest Unix programs, having appeared in version 1 AT&T; Unix.

In this mode it was possible to read and write directly in RAM memory, video memory, CPU registers, interrupt vectors, clock counter, etc, using hexadecimal codes equivalent to assembly language. This allowed writing sophisticated programs directly into RAM. As this mode was a single-user system effectively running without an operating system, a determined user could manage the memory space and write stable multi-tasking programs using interrupts.

Another source of bad performance is the use of `std::endl` instead of ` ` when doing output, because of it calling flush as a side effect. C++ `` is by default synchronized with `` which can cause performance problems. Shutting it off can improve performance but forces giving up thread safety. Here follows an example where an exception interrupts the function before `std::cout` can be restored from hexadecimal to decimal.

As the approach consists of a one-to-one mapping between fingerprint blocks and words, there is no loss in entropy. The protocol may choose to display words in the user's native (system) language. This can, however, make cross-language comparisons prone to errors. In order to improve localization, some protocols have chosen to display fingerprints as base 10 strings instead of more error prone hexadecimal or natural language strings.

Windows uses specific language and territory strings. The locale identifier (LCID) for unmanaged code on Microsoft Windows is a number such as 1033 for English (United States) or 1041 for Japanese (Japan). These numbers consist of a language code (lower 10 bits) and culture code (upper bits) and are therefore often written in hexadecimal notation, such as 0x0409 or 0x0411. The list of those codesets are described in character encoding.

The equivalent file type codes in Apple Macintosh operating system environments are `iCal` and `iFBf`. By default, iCalendar uses the UTF-8 character set; a different character set can be specified using the "charset" MIME parameter (if the transport method used supports MIME, such as Email or HTTP). Each line is terminated by CR+LF (in hexadecimal: 0D0A). Lines should be limited to 75 octets (not characters) long.

In addition, the waveform view has many ways of displaying signal information, such as in hexadecimal, binary, or a symbolic value. Most waveform viewers can read an industrial standard waveform database known as Value Change Dump (VCD) or a proprietary wave format. The proprietary wave formats usually have faster record and playback speeds or require smaller memory store space, or save additional signal information for viewing, such as bus transactions.

An example of hexadecimal MLX type-in program code as printed in a Compute!'s Gazette magazine A type-in program or type-in listing was computer source code printed in a home computer magazine or book. It was meant to be entered via the keyboard by the reader and then saved to cassette tape or floppy disk. The result was a usable game, utility, or application program.

This made the correct entry of programs difficult. To counter the difficulty of keying a type-in, the MIKBUG machine code monitor for the Motorola 6800 of the late 1970s incorporated a checksum into its hexadecimal program listings. Later, some magazines developed checksum programs of their own. There were many different styles of checksum program, usually depending on the type of program being entered and on the complexity of the checksummer.

The Pentium F00F bug is a design flaw in the majority of Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX, and Pentium OverDrive processors (all in the P5 microarchitecture). Discovered in 1997, it can result in the processor ceasing to function until the computer is physically rebooted. The bug has been circumvented through operating system updates. The name is shorthand for `F0 0F C7 C8`, the hexadecimal encoding of one offending instruction.

For applications run with this flag set, Windows 3.1 silently increased the total number of words requested by the application by an extra 4 bytes. ;Force printer text to new band:This is bit #1 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x2`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_FORCETEXTBAND` in . This flag causes Windows 3.1 to always use two bands when printing, the first for graphics and the second for text.

Normally Windows 3.1 tries to print both in a single band. But applications such as WordPerfect assumed that a second band would always exist, and would always be where the text was, as had been the case in Windows 3.0. Freelance Graphics had a similar problem. ;Force TT fonts to graphics band:This is bit #15 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x8000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_FORCETTGRAPHICS` in .

Hexadecimal is a base-16 numeral system used in the fields of computer programming and mathematics. The key is an ordinary number most widely known by its hexadecimal representation; in decimal notation, it is 13,256,278,887,989,457,651,018,865,901,401,704,640.Read as: "thirteen undecillion, two hundred and fifty-six decillion, two hundred and seventy- eight nonillion, eight hundred and eighty-seven octillion, nine hundred and eighty-nine septillion, four hundred and fifty-seven sextillion, six hundred and fifty-one quintillion, eighteen quadrillion, eight hundred and sixty-five trillion, nine-hundred and one billion, four hundred and one million, seven hundred and four thousand, six hundred and forty" Because the encryption key may be used as part of circumvention technology forbidden by the DMCA, its possession and distribution has been viewed as illegal by the AACS, as well as by some legal professionals. Since it is a 128-bit numerical value, it was dubbed an illegal number.Blogger News Network / ‘Illegal Number’ Triggers Flood of MPAA Cease-and Desist LettersButtUgly: Main_blogentry_010507_1Protected Blog Login « WordPress.

There are twelve Jacobian elliptic functions and twelve cubic distance- transitive graphs. There are 12 Latin squares of size 3 × 3. The duodecimal system (1210 [twelve] = 1012), which is the use of 12 as a division factor for many ancient and medieval weights and measures, including hours, probably originates from Mesopotamia. In base thirteen and higher bases (such as hexadecimal), twelve is represented as C. In base 10, the number 12 is a Harshad number.

For example, the hardware representation of a floating-point number would be converted to its ASCII equivalent before being stored. Usually these records are divided into fields (which are sometimes called "attributes" in U2). Each field is separated by a "field mark" (hexadecimal character FE). Thus this string: : might represent a record in the EMPLOYEE file with 123-45-6789 as the Record ID, JOHN JONES as the first field, jjones@company.

Just as decimal numbers can be represented in exponential notation, so too can hexadecimal numbers. By convention, the letter P (or p, for "power") represents times two raised to the power of, whereas E (or e) serves a similar purpose in decimal as part of the E notation. The number after the P is decimal and represents the binary exponent. Increasing the exponent by 1 multiplies by 2, not 16. 10.0p1 = 8.0p2 = 4.0p3 = 2.0p4 = 1.0p5.

For subsequent requests, the hexadecimal request counter (nc) must be greater than the last value it used – otherwise an attacker could simply "replay" an old request with the same credentials. It is up to the server to ensure that the counter increases for each of the nonce values that it has issued, rejecting any bad requests appropriately. Obviously changing the method, URI and/or counter value will result in a different response value.

NOTE: This table presumes the space called "1" by Baudot and Murray is rightmost, and least significant. The way the transmitted bits were packed into larger codes varied by manufacturer. The most common solution allocates the bits from the least significant bit towards the most significant bit (leaving the three most significant bits of a byte unused). Table of ITA2 codes (expressed as hexadecimal numbers) In ITA2, characters are expressed using five bits.

Unicode characters are distinguished by code points, which are conventionally represented by "U+" followed by four, five or six hexadecimal digits, for example U+00AE or U+1D310. Characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), containing modern scripts – including many Chinese and Japanese characters – and many symbols, have a 4-digit code. Historic scripts, but also many modern symbols and pictographs (such as emoticons, emojis, playing cards and many CJK characters) have 5-digit codes.

The HP-16C is a computer programmer's calculator, designed to assist in debugging. It can display numbers in hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary, and convert numbers from one base to another. A number of specialized functions are provided to assist the programmer, including left- and right-shifting, masking, and bitwise logical operations. HP has (as of 2015) never made another programmer's calculator, but has incorporated the 16C's functions in later calculator models.

The decimal expansion of an irrational number never repeats or terminates (the latter being equivalent to repeating zeroes), unlike any rational number. The same is true for binary, octal or hexadecimal expansions, and in general for expansions in every positional notation with natural bases. To show this, suppose we divide integers n by m (where m is nonzero). When long division is applied to the division of n by m, only m remainders are possible.

Tamagotchi Town (also TamaTown) is a Macromedia Flash-based website that is interactive with versions 3, 4 (JinSei), 4.5 (JinSei Plus), 5 (Familitchi), 5.5 (Familitchi Celebrity), 6 (Music Star) and the new Tama-Go Tamagotchis. It allows owners to obtain points and items online that can be used on the Tamagotchi. It transfers data between the website and machine using a 10-14 digit hexadecimal code typed when logging in and out (excluding Version 3).

There exists a non-standard encoding for Unicode characters: `%uxxxx`, where xxxx is a UTF-16 code unit represented as four hexadecimal digits. This behavior is not specified by any RFC and has been rejected by the W3C. The eighth edition of ECMA-262 still includes an `escape` function that uses this syntax, along with `encodeURI` and `encodeURIComponent` functions, which apply UTF-8 encoding to a string, then percent-escape the resulting bytes.

IBM System/360 computers, and subsequent machines based on that architecture (mainframes), support a hexadecimal floating-point format (HFP).IBM System/360 Principles of Operation, IBM Publication A22-6821-6, Seventh Edition (January 13, 1967), pp.41-50IBM System/370 Principles of Operation, IBM Publication GA22-7000-4, Fifth Edition (September 1, 1975), pp.157-170z/Architecture Principles of Operation, IBM Publication SA22-7832-01, Second Edition (October, 2001), chapter 9 ff.

The increase in addressable registers and introduction of program line-number addressing have been seen as a big improvement over the 33s. While welcoming the improved handling of complex numbers compared to the 33s, the incomplete support for them has been criticised. Working with hexadecimal and other non-decimal bases has been criticised as requiring excessive and unintuitive keystrokes. Several firmware bugs have also been reported, which have not yet been fixed.

Some languages provide more than one kind of literal, which have different behavior. This is particularly used to indicate raw strings (no escaping), or to disable or enable variable interpolation, but has other uses, such as distinguishing character sets. Most often this is done by changing the quoting character or adding a prefix or suffix. This is comparable to prefixes and suffixes to integer literals, such as to indicate hexadecimal numbers or long integers.

A device on the PCI bus or USB is identified by two IDs which consist of 4 hexadecimal numbers each. The vendor ID identifies the vendor of the device. The device ID identifies a specific device from that manufacturer/vendor. A PCI device has often an ID pair for the main chip of the device, and also a subsystem ID pair which identifies the vendor, which may be different from the chip manufacturer.

Meanwhile, Megabyte had grown weary of their incompetence and ordered them to take point when battling Hexadecimal. They were promptly blown to bits. Phong found and repaired them (as well as gave them PIDs), and they switched sides to Mainframe to work as bodyguards and gofers for Dot. Hack and Slash were the first regular characters to re- encounter the returned Bob and Matrix, and they were quite overjoyed to see them again.

The software is highly dependent on the CPU and specific chips chosen. Most embedded software engineers have at least a passing knowledge of reading schematics, and reading data sheets for components to determine usage of registers and communication system. Conversion between decimal, hexadecimal and binary is useful as well as using bit manipulation. Web applications are rarely used, although XML files and other output may be passed to a computer for display.

JMODEM also included a basic RLE data compression system, which replaces strings of repeated characters with a counter. If a string of many similar characters are found, JMODEM sends a "sentinel byte" (hexadecimal 0xBB) followed by a two-byte number, followed by the byte to be repeated. JMODEM applied RLE on a block-by-block basis, as opposed to the file as a whole. Since many files were already compressed with systems like .

Donald E. Knuth, List of updates to the TeX82 listing published in September 1982, available on CTAN.Donald E. Knuth, Appendix to the Errors of TeX paper, available on CTAN, last modified in January 2003. Knuth offers monetary awards to people who find and report a bug in TeX. The award per bug started at US$2.56 (one "hexadecimal dollar") and doubled every year until it was frozen at its current value of $327.68.

This was the same size as a desktop calculator and could hold 256 programming steps. (It could be expanded to 512 steps.) It was limited to emulating calculator key presses and simple sequence branching. The programming was done by entering hexadecimal key codes. The combination of the MITS 7440 calculator and the programmer was not nearly as sophisticated as the HP 9830 calculator but $400 for both kits was a fraction of the HP price.

The name was suggested by F. Hemery and Jiří Grygar as a reference to the French novella The Little Prince. The title character lived on an asteroid named B-612, which is the number 46610 written in hexadecimal notation. Bésixdouze (; "B-six-twelve") is one way to pronounce B-612 in French. Like the asteroid in The Little Prince, Bésixdouze was first observed in a single night, several years before its official discovery.

An HRESULT is an opaque result handle defined to be zero or positive for a successful return from a function, and negative for a failure. Generally, successful functions return the `S_OK` HRESULT value (which is equal to zero). But in rare circumstances, functions may return success codes with additional information e.g. `S_FALSE=0x01`. When HRESULTs are displayed, they are often rendered as an unsigned hexadecimal value, usually indicated by a `0x` prefix.

The integral symbol is in Unicode and `\int` in LaTeX. In HTML, it is written as `∫` (hexadecimal), `∫` (decimal) and `∫` (named entity). The original IBM PC code page 437 character set included a couple of characters ⌠ and ⌡ (codes 244 and 245 respectively) to build the integral symbol. These were deprecated in subsequent MS-DOS code pages, but they still remain in Unicode (U+2320 and U+2321 respectively) for compatibility.

The value of an item with an integral type is the mathematical integer that it corresponds to. Integral types may be unsigned (capable of representing only non-negative integers) or signed (capable of representing negative integers as well). An integer value is typically specified in the source code of a program as a sequence of digits optionally prefixed with + or −. Some programming languages allow other notations, such as hexadecimal (base 16) or octal (base 8).

Decomposition of an IPv6 address from hexadecimal representation to its binary value. In IPv6, the address size was increased from 32 bits in IPv4 to 128 bits, thus providing up to 2128 (approximately ) addresses. This is deemed sufficient for the foreseeable future. The intent of the new design was not to provide just a sufficient quantity of addresses, but also redesign routing in the Internet by allowing more efficient aggregation of subnetwork routing prefixes.

The octal numbering system is also used as another way to represent binary numbers. In this case the base is 8 and therefore only digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are used. When converting from binary to octal every 3 bits relate to one and only one octal digit. Hexadecimal, decimal, octal, and a wide variety of other bases have been used for binary-to-text encoding, implementations of arbitrary-precision arithmetic, and other applications.

Thus a BCD 10 interpreted as a hexadecimal encoding erroneously represents the decimal number 16. For example, the SMS protocol uses BCD encoding for dates, so some mobile phone software incorrectly reported dates of messages as 2016 instead of 2010. Windows Mobile was the first software reported to have been affected by this glitch; in some cases WM6 changed the date of any incoming SMS message sent after 1 January 2010 from the year 2010 to 2016.

This glyph variant has not caught on; for calculators that can display results in hexadecimal, a 6 that looks like a "b" is not practical. Just as in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the 6 character usually has an ascender, as, for example, in 52px. This numeral resembles an inverted 9. To disambiguate the two on objects and documents that can be inverted, the 6 has often been underlined, both in handwriting and on printed labels.

The second can be the address of a Task structure, or the address of a memory block whose allocation or deallocation failed. It is never the address of the code that caused the error. If the cause of the crash is uncertain, this number is rendered as 48454C50, which stands for "HELP" in hexadecimal ASCII characters (48=H, 45=E, 4C=L, 50=P). The text of the alert messages was completely baffling to most users.

A numeric character reference in HTML refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format :`&#nnnn;` or :`&#xhhhh;` where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style.

By converting these results to hexadecimal, a correct key could be formed. Later that day, the first cracked HD DVD, Serenity, was uploaded on a private torrent tracker. The AACS LA confirmed on January 26 that the title keys on certain HD DVDs had been published without authorization. Doom9.org forum user arnezami found and published the "09 F9" AACS processing key on February 11: This key is not specific to any playback device or DVD title. Doom9.

There is a particular sequence of bytes in the file header, yielding the hexadecimal value $000003f3. This sequence, which signifies an executable file and lets it be self-running, is called a magic cookie (from the magic cookies in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll). This kind of solution to identify executables on the Amiga was taken from similar solutions which were adopted by UNIX/Unix-like operating systems, where magic cookies are called magic numbers.

SYNC: The SYNC is a standard data format byte with a value of hexadecimal 0x55. LIN slaves running on RC oscillator will use the distance between a fixed amount of rising and falling edges to measure the current bit time on the bus (the master's time normal) and to recalculate the internal baud rate. INTER BYTE SPACE: Inter Byte Space is used to adjust for bus jitter. It is an optional component within the LIN specification.

The expressions most significant bit first and least significant bit first are indications on the ordering of the sequence of the bits in the bytes sent over a wire in a transmission protocol or in a stream (e.g. an audio stream). Most significant bit first means that the most significant bit will arrive first: hence e.g. the hexadecimal number `0x12`, `00010010` in binary representation, will arrive as the sequence `0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0` .

An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits (two octets, a group sometimes also called a hextet). The groups are separated by colons (:). An example of an IPv6 address is: :2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 The standards provide flexibility in the representation of IPv6 addresses. The full representation of eight four- digit groups may be simplified by several techniques, eliminating parts of the representation.

The name comes from magnetic core memory,Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. 'core' the principal form of random access memory from the 1950s to the 1970s. The name has remained long after magnetic core technology became obsolete. Earliest core dumps were paper printouts of the contents of memory, typically arranged in columns of octal or hexadecimal numbers (a "hex dump"), sometimes accompanied by their interpretations as machine language instructions, text strings, or decimal or floating-point numbers (cf. disassembler).

A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: :`&#`nnnn`;` or :`&#x`hhhh`;` where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style.

For easier entry and readout, on some computers (such as the DEC PDP-8 or MITS Altair 8800) binary digits were grouped into threes or fours on the front panel, with each group of lights or switches representing a single octal (between 0 and 7) or hexadecimal (between 0 and F) digit. Some decimal computers, e.g., IBM 1620, used binary-coded decimal for memory addresses. Next the operator would enter the value intended for that address.

He was finally trapped behind an inverted Firewall that covered all of G-Prime. Unfortunately, shortly afterwards a rampaging Hexadecimal took out the Firewall; resulting in war between the viruses that devastated G-Prime (including the Tor) and neighboring Sectors. Needing a new base, and as the Principal Office shields were still offline (having been deactivated to provide energy for the Firewall) Megabyte was able to conquer it by force. Mainframe became Megabyte's long sought after Megaframe.

Using these symbols, a count from zero to twelve in duodecimal reads: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, alt=rotated digit two, alt=reversed or rotated digit three, 10. These were implemented in Unicode 8.0 (2015), but most general Unicode fonts in use by current operating systems and browsers have not yet included them. A more common alternative is to use A and B, as in hexadecimal, and this page uses and .

Machine Code, also known as native code, is a program which is written in machine language. Machine code is usually considered the lowest level of code for a computer (barring microcode), that, in its lowest level form, is written in binary (0s and 1s), but is often written in hexadecimal or octal to make it a little easier to handle. These instruction sets are than interpreted by the computer. With this, there is no need for translation.

The minor planet was named in honour of French aviator and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900–1944). The name also alludes to Saint-Exupéry's best-known character, The Little Prince, who lives on an asteroid. In the book, the prince's asteroid also has a unique code: B612 (which does not match this minor planet's provisional designation). However, there is another asteroid called 46610 Bésixdouze, which is French for "B-six- twelve" (B612 in hexadecimal notation equals 46610).

Internet URLs use the colon to separate the protocol (such as ) from the hostname or IP address. In an IPv6 address colons (and one optional double colon) separate up to 8 groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal representation.Hinden, R.; Deering, S. (Februari 2006) IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. IETF. RFC4291. In a URL a colon follows the initial scheme name (such as HTTP and FTP), and separates a port number from the hostname or IP address.

Intel hexadecimal object file format, Intel hex format or Intellec Hex is a file format that conveys binary information in ASCII text form. It is commonly used for programming microcontrollers, EPROMs, and other types of programmable logic devices. In a typical application, a compiler or assembler converts a program's source code (such as in C or assembly language) to machine code and outputs it into a HEX file. Common file extensions used for the resulting files are .

The binary layout for a legal board coordinate's rank and file within the array is `0rrr0fff` (The r's are the 3 bits used to represent the rank. The f's for the file). For example, 0x71 (binary `01110001`) would represent the square b8 (in Algebraic notation). When generating moves from the main board, one can check that a destination square is on the main board before consulting the array simply by ANDing the square number with hexadecimal 0x88 (binary `10001000`).

INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt. It takes the interrupt number formatted as a byte value. When written in assembly language, the instruction is written like this: :`INT X` where `X` is the software interrupt that should be generated (0-255). As is customary with machine binary arithmetic, interrupt numbers are often written in hexadecimal form, which can be indicated with a prefix 0x or with the suffix h.

Mouse, a mercenary and old friend of Bob's, helped to find the Web Creature, but was almost destroyed by a bomb set by her employer, Turbo. The explosion created a "tear" (an unstable energy-based anomaly) which the Web creature used to create a portal to the Web. The protectors of Mainframe had to team up with Megabyte and Hexadecimal to close the portal. An army of CPU police clashed with an invasion of creatures from the Web.

U2 were criticized by some reviewers for the large number of dance music remixes used as B-sides, suggesting that it was an attempt to gain credibility. However, Stephen Thomas believed it to be indicative of the growing influence of remixes in music. Commercials for the 2003 Toyota Matrix used the Hexadecimal remix. In a 2006 article by Stylus, the magazine had trouble trying to classify the genre of the song, calling it "sheer WTFery" and "permanently unclassifiable".

On a US International keyboard (or standard keyboard with 'International' settings), the and symbols can be made by pressing and , respectively. Modern versions of the Operating Systems concerned also accept Unicode code point entries, which can be entered with any keyboard setting: press , then for or for . (A1 and BF are the hexadecimal Unicode code points for the given characters). Users with keyboards that have the AltGr key as standard can do likewise: the corresponding controls are and .

Each of the options is recorded in a system database of so-called "compatibility bits". This is a database of 1-bit flags, one for each of the options displayed by Make Compatible. This database already existed in earlier versions of Windows. In Windows 3.1, the database is stored in the section of , with entries such as: : [Compatibility] ACAD=0x8000 AMIPRO=0x04000010 Each line names an application program, and gives a hexadecimal numeric constant to associate with that program.

The number 4,294,967,295, equivalent to the hexadecimal value , is the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing. It is therefore the maximum value for a variable declared as an unsigned integer (usually indicated by the codeword) in many programming languages running on modern computers. The presence of the value may reflect an error, overflow condition, or missing value. This value is also the largest memory address for CPUs using a 32-bit address bus.

IPv4 addresses may be represented in any notation expressing a 32-bit integer value. They are most often written in dot-decimal notation, which consists of four octets of the address expressed individually in decimal numbers and separated by periods. For example, the quad-dotted IP address 192.0.2.235 represents the 32-bit decimal number 3221226219, which in hexadecimal format is 0xC00002EB. This may also be expressed in dotted hex format as 0xC0.0x00.0x02.0xEB, or with octal byte values as 0300.0000.0002.0353.

In the ARGB (word-order) encoding the intensity of each channel sample is defined by 8 bits, and are arranged in memory in such manner that a single 32-bit unsigned integer has the alpha sample in the highest 8 bits, followed by the red sample, green sample and finally the blue sample in the lowest 8 bits: Sample layout in a typical 32bpp pixel ARGB values are typically expressed using 8 hexadecimal digits, with each pair of the hexadecimal digits representing the values of the Alpha, Red, Green and Blue channel, respectively. For example, `80FFFF00` represents 50.2% opaque (non- premultiplied) yellow. The `80` hex value, which is 128 in decimal, represents a 50.2% alpha value because 128 is approximately 50.2% of the maximum value of 255 (FF hex); to continue to decipher the `80FFFF00` value, the first `FF` represents the maximum value red can have; the second `FF` is like the previous but for green; the final `00` represents the minimum value blue can have (effectively – no blue). Consequently, red + green yields yellow.

If the same mnemonic is used for different instructions, that means that the mnemonic corresponds to several different binary instruction codes, excluding data (e.g. the `61h` in this example), depending on the operands that follow the mnemonic. For example, for the x86/IA-32 CPUs, the Intel assembly language syntax `MOV AL, AH` represents an instruction that moves the contents of register AH into register AL. The hexadecimal form of this instruction is: 88 E0 The first byte, 88h, identifies a move between a byte-sized register and either another register or memory, and the second byte, E0h, is encoded (with three bit-fields) to specify that both operands are registers, the source is AH, and the destination is AL. In a case like this where the same mnemonic can represent more than one binary instruction, the assembler determines which instruction to generate by examining the operands. In the first example, the operand `61h` is a valid hexadecimal numeric constant and is not a valid register name, so only the `B0` instruction can be applicable.

A 128-bit WEP key is usually entered as a string of 26 hexadecimal characters. 26 digits of 4 bits each gives 104 bits; adding the 24-bit IV produces the complete 128-bit WEP key (4 bits × 26 + 24 bits IV = 128 bits of WEP key). Most devices also allow the user to enter it as 13 ASCII characters (8 bits × 13 + 24 bits IV = 128 bits of WEP key). 152-bit and 256-bit WEP systems are available from some vendors. As with the other WEP variants, 24 bits of that is for the IV, leaving 128 or 232 bits for actual protection. These 128 or 232 bits are typically entered as 32 or 58 hexadecimal characters (4 bits × 32 + 24 bits IV = 152 bits of WEP key, 4 bits × 58 + 24 bits IV = 256 bits of WEP key). Most devices also allow the user to enter it as 16 or 29 ASCII characters (8 bits × 16 + 24 bits IV = 152 bits of WEP key, 8 bits × 29 + 24 bits IV = 256 bits of WEP key).

The TLS implementation has also been updated to support extensions as outlined in RFC 3546, most notable of which is Server Name Indication support. Internet Explorer 7 additionally features an update to the WinInet API. The new version has better support for IPv6, and handles hexadecimal literals in the IPv6 address. It also includes better support for Gzip and deflate compression, so that communication with a web server can be compressed and thus will require less data to be transferred.

One motivation for using FPE comes from the problems associated with integrating encryption into existing applications, with well-defined data models. A typical example would be a credit card number, such as `1234567812345670` (16 bytes long, digits only). Adding encryption to such applications might be challenging if data models are to be changed, as it usually involves changing field length limits or data types. For example, output from a typical block cipher would turn credit card number into a hexadecimal (e.g.

HDCopy is a disk image application for floppy disks that runs in MS-DOS. It can copy a floppy on the fly, or by using archives with IMG file extension that store the content of the disk with a proprietary (compressed) file format (whose first three bytes noted in hexadecimal will be FF 18 07, and its size will be anything). It was written by Oliver Fromme and is distributed as cardware. Do not confuse the HD in its name with hard disk.

The line-oriented debugger `DEBUG` is an external command in operating systems such as DOS, OS/2 and Windows (only in 16-bit/32-bit versions). DEBUG can act as an assembler, disassembler, or hex dump program allowing users to interactively examine memory contents (in assembly language, hexadecimal or ASCII), make changes, and selectively execute COM, EXE and other file types. It also has several subcommands which are used to access specific disk sectors, I/O ports and memory addresses.

DEBUG drive:][path] filename [parameters When DEBUG is started without any parameters the DEBUG prompt, a "-" appears. The user can then enter one of several one or two-letter subcommands, including "A" to enter the assembler mode, "D" to perform a hexadecimal dump, "T" to trace and "U" to unassemble (disassemble) a program in memory. DEBUG can also be used as a "DEBUG script" interpreter using the following syntax. `DEBUG < filename` A script file may contain DEBUG subcommands and assembly language instructions.

The magazine was named after the area of memory in 8-bit Atari computers covering locations 1536–1791 (or $600–$6FF, where the "$" prefix indicates hexadecimal notation). Memory is divided into "pages" of 256 bytes (the first being page 0), making locations 1536 (256×6) to 1791 be "page 6." Page 6 memory is neither used by the operating system nor by Atari BASIC programs and so can be used to store the short machine code routines without them being overwritten.

An HTML or XML numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format :`&#`nnnn`;` or :`&#x`hhhh`;` where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style.

Directory structure and naming convention are identical except for extensions of media files. Each file has a sequential name with last three characters comprising a hexadecimal number, which allows for 4096 unique file names. Standard definition video is stored in MPEG program stream container files with MOD extension; in most other systems these files have extension MPG or MPEG. High definition video is stored in MPEG transport stream container files with TOD extension; in most other systems these files have M2T extension.

NeiMa expects the user to input the desired character by providing its value within the user-chosen character set. For example, to input the Chinese character "不" (Pinyin "bù" - English "not") one can start the Neima editor, switch to Unicode character encoding mode and then type "bù"'s hexadecimal value within Unicode's table, which is 4E0D. NeiMa is a very awkward way of typing in characters, as a user would need to know the code points of all needed characters.

The Moby Hyphenator II contains hyphenations of 187,175 words and phrases (including 9,752 entries where no hyphenations are given, such as through and avoir). The character encoding appears to be MacRoman, and hyphenation is indicated by a bullet (character value 165 decimal, or A5 hexadecimal). Some entries, however, have a combination of actual hyphens and character 165, such as "". There is little to no documentation of the hyphenation choices made; the following examples might give some flavour of the style of hyphenation used: .

Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers. In English and other European languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words, such as: > unicycle – bicycle – tricycle, dyad – triad – decade, biped – quadruped, > September – October – November – December, decimal – hexadecimal, > sexagenarian – octogenarian, centipede – millipede, etc. There are two principal systems, taken from Latin and Greek, each with several subsystems; in addition, Sanskrit occupies a marginal position.See Mendeleev's predicted elements for the most common use of Sanskrit numerical prefixes.

ORDVAC and its successor at Aberdeen Proving Ground, BRLESC, used their own unique notation for hexadecimal numbers. Instead of the sequence A B C D E F universally used today, the digits ten to fifteen were represented by the letters K S N J F L (King Sized Numbers Just for Laughs), corresponding to the teleprinter characters on five-track paper tape. The manual that was used by the military in 1958 used the name sexadecimal for the base 16 number system.

In Web World Wars, Hexadecimal was charged with powering the Hardware that closed the web portal. Despite her interest in Bob, she knew of Megabyte's impending betrayal and even helped launch him into the Web. After closing the portal, she aimed the Hardware at the Principal Office. Megabyte merely saw this as a threat to force the Mainframers compliance to his whims, but she wanted to destroy the Core – not caring that that would destroy the entire System, including herself.

The magazines could contain multiple games or other programs for a fraction of the cost of purchasing commercial software on removable media, but the user had to spend up to several hours typing each one in. Most listings were either in a system- specific BASIC dialect or machine code. Machine code programs were long lists of decimal or hexadecimal numbers, often in the form of `DATA` statements in BASIC. Most magazines had error checking software to make sure a program was typed correctly.

Following are the code charts for KS X 1001 in Wansung layout. Where a pair of hexadecimal numbers is given, the smaller is used when encoded over GL (0x21-0x7E), as in ISO-2022-KR when the Korean set has been shifted to, and the larger is used in the more typical case of it being encoded over GR (0xA1-0xFE), as in EUC-KR or UHC. Johab changes the arrangement to encode all 11172 Hangul clusters separately and in order.

An HTML or XML numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format :`&#`nnnn`;` or :`&#x`hhhh`;` where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style.

Azure pigment Azure ( )Oxford Dictionary Online, Oxford US Dictionary is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day. On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (hexadecimal #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light.

Level A was just the motherboard with no S-100 bus sockets loaded. This could be ordered with firmware configured for either a computer terminal, or for a hexadecimal keypad which was available from Netronics. The Level A configuration did not include a power supply, so the user had to provide their own eight volt power supply, or purchase one from Netronics. The Level A motherboard contained a prototyping area, where the user could add circuitry of their own design.

In addition, the error screens showed four paragraphs of general explanation and advice and may have included other technical data such the file name of the culprit and memory addresses. With the release of Windows Server 2012, the BSoD was changed, removing all of the above in favor of the error name, and a concise description. Windows 8 added a sad emoticon as well. The hexadecimal error code and parameters can still be found in the Windows Event Log or in memory dumps.

As the story famously puts it, "He wrote in machine code—in 'raw, unadorned, inscrutable hexadecimal numbers. Directly.'" Since then, the computer folklore term Real Programmer has come to describe the archetypical "hardcore" programmer who eschews the modern languages and tools of the day in favour of more direct and efficient solutions—closer to the hardware. The term is used in many subsequent articles, webcomicsREAL programmers xkcd.com and in-jokes--although the alleged defining features of a "Real Programmer" differ with time and place.

The read/write memory between address 0100 hexadecimal and the lowest address of the BDOS was the Transient Program Area (TPA) available for CP/M application programs. Although all Z80 and 8080 processors could address 64 kilobytes of memory, the amount available for application programs could vary, depending on the design of the particular computer. Some computers used large parts of the address space for such things as BIOS ROMs, or video display memory. As a result, some systems had more TPA memory available than others.

The CDI-32 was historically recommended as context dependent identifier that was formed by concatenating the 24-bit OUI with an 8-bit extension identifier that is assigned by the organization that purchased the OUI – the resulting identifier was generally represented as a set of octets separated by dashes (hexadecimal notation) or colons (bit-reversed notation) as in FF-FF-FF-FF or FF:FF:FF:FF, as a string of 4 bytes as in {FF,FF,FF,FF}, or as a base 16 number as in FFFFFFFF16.

The EUI-48 is an identifier that is formed by concatenating the 24-bit OUI with a 24-bit extension identifier that is assigned by the organization that purchased the OUI – the resulting identifier is generally represented as a set of octets separated by dashes (hexadecimal notation) or colons (bit-reversed notation) as in FF-FF- FF-FF-FF-FF or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, as a string of 6 bytes as in {FF,FF,FF,FF,FF,FF}, or as a base 16 number as in FFFFFFFFFFFF16.

Dot-decimal notation is a presentation format for numerical data expressed as a string of decimal numbers each separated by a full stop. For example, the hexadecimal number 0xFF000000 may be expressed in dot-decimal notation as 255.0.0.0. In computer networking, the notation is associated with the specific use of quad-dotted notation to represent IPv4 addresses. and used as a synonym for dotted quad notation, Object identifiers use a style of dot-decimal notation to represent an arbitrarily deep hierarchy of objects identified by decimal numbers.

Very long numbers can be further grouped by doubling up separators. Typically decimal numbers (base-10) are grouped in three digit groups (representing one of 1000 possible values), binary numbers (base-2) in four digit groups (one nibble, representing one of 16 possible values), and hexadecimal numbers (base-16) in two digit groups (each digit is one nibble, so two digits are one byte, representing one of 256 possible values). Numbers from other systems (such as id numbers) are grouped following whatever convention is in use.

In this notation the significand is always meant to be hexadecimal, whereas the exponent is always meant to be decimal. This notation can be produced by implementations of the printf family of functions following the C99 specification and (Single Unix Specification) IEEE Std 1003.1 POSIX standard, when using the %a or %A conversion specifiers. Starting with C++11, C++ I/O functions could parse and print the P notation as well. Meanwhile, the notation has been fully adopted by the language standard since C++17.

Intuitor is a website promoting creative learning as both a method of enlightenment and a cultural theme in its own right. Created in 1996, two of its earliest features were instructions for the founder's own four-handed chess variant Forchess and an essay entitled Why Now Is the Most Exciting Time in History to Be Alive. Today, its eclectic format includes educational treatments of physics, statistics, and chess, as well as calls for paradigm shifts such as the adoption of hexadecimal for representing numbers in everyday use.

The oil sump held . Although its storage medium is tape, the 2321 is classified as a direct access storage device which can directly access a record rather than scan all the tape to find a record as would a conventional tape drive. IBM's System/360 channels addressed the 2321 as a direct access storage devices, i.e., a disk drive, with a 6-byte seek address of the form ØBBSCH (hexadecimal) where the first byte is zero and the remaining bytes address the Bin (i.e.

For example, using an HTML 4.01 DOCTYPE, `bgcolor="fffff"` is accepted as valid for the "body" element even though the value "fffff" is missing a preceding '#' character and contains only five (instead of six) hexadecimal digits. Also, for the "img" element, width="really wide" is also accepted as valid. DTD-based validators are technically not able to test for these types of attribute value problems. Pages may not display as intended in all browsers, even in the absence of validation errors and successful display in other browsers.

The Swedish electronic computer BESK, built in 1953, displayed 18 hexadecimal digits using edge-lit acrylic, the grey squares at the center of the green console. It contains a set of sandwiched acrylic or clear plastic panels, each of which is engraved with a numeral or character to be displayed. Light from independently controlled incandescent bulbs passing into the edge of these panels reflects off the internal surfaces of the plastic. When the light encounters engraved digits, it is scattered, rendering a brightly illuminated digit or character.

At first, Codemasters tried to protect the Game Genie as they had filed a patent on cartridge cheat devices, Datel defended this by saying that they had been cheating at games since long before the Game Genie existed. Action Replay improved on the Game Genie's functionality by adding an enable/disable switch. The cheat codes, at the time, were published in a more logical hexadecimal format compared with Codemasters' obfuscated system. This meant that users, along with the trainer, could make their own cheat codes.

Nystrom received many patents for inventions such as a marine steam engine, a refrigerator, and calculating machines. His slide ruler invention (U. S. patent #7961) was filed with the United States Patent Office on 4 March 1851.American Slide Rule Patents (The Oughtred Society) Nystrom is most notable for his proposal to switch from decimal to hexadecimal as defined in his 1862 publication titled Project of a New System of Arithmetic, Weight, Measure and Coins, Proposed to be Called the Tonal System, with Sixteen to the Base.

Lighting and reflection calculations (shown here in the first-person shooter OpenArena) use the fast inverse square root code to compute angles of incidence and reflection. Fast inverse square root, sometimes referred to as Fast InvSqrt() or by the hexadecimal constant 0x5F3759DF, is an algorithm that estimates , the reciprocal (or multiplicative inverse) of the square root of a 32-bit floating-point number in IEEE 754 floating-point format. This operation is used in digital signal processing to normalize a vector, i.e., scale it to length 1.

The BlackBerry PIN (Personal Identification Number) is an eight-character hexadecimal identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be changed manually on the device (though BlackBerry technicians are able to reset or update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific BlackBerry. BlackBerry devices can message each other using the PIN directly or by using the BlackBerry Messenger application. BlackBerry PINs are tracked by BlackBerry Enterprise Servers and the BlackBerry Internet Service and are used to direct messages to a BlackBerry device.

When closed, the MPF-I can be placed on a bookshelf for easy storage and looks just like a book or a file. This form factor made the computer more appealing to the buyers, since it could be stored away with ease, and it could blend in with the office or home. Programs are entered into the MPF-I using Z80 machine code in hexadecimal format. The MPF-I monitor program displays both an address and data stored at that address simultaneously using a seven-segment display.

The magazine was first published in January 1980 by Mike Harvey. Originally published eight times per year, by 1984 the magazine had attained a popularity that allowed it to become a monthly publication. It was published for more than twelve years; the July 1992 issue was the last. Since typing in the BASIC or hexadecimal listings could be error-prone, the magazine also published checksum tables that, with utilities available from the magazine, helped pinpoint the location of any errors in a reader's own typed-in copy.

Almost all of the game code was written by hand on paper using assembler mnemonics, then manually assembled, with the resulting hexadecimal digits typed sequentially into an external EEPROM emulator device (aka SoftROM or "softie") attached to a host Spectrum. Similarly, the character graphics and other custom sprites were all hand-drawn on squared paper and manually converted to strings of hex data. Additionally, some minor add-on routines such as high score registration were added on to the core game using regular Sinclair BASIC.

Bob Bemer suggested the use of hextet for 16-bit groups in 2000. In 2011 an Internet Draft explored various alternatives for hextet such as quibble, short for "quad nibble". Hextet would more properly describe a 6-bit aggregation, whereas the exact term for 16 bits should be hexadectet, directly related to the term octet (for 8 bits). However, because it is harder to pronounce, the short form hextet is used—in analogy to how hex is commonly used as an abbreviation for hexadecimal in computing.

The Binary Café was an internet cafe which was located upstairs at 502 Yonge Street in Toronto, Ontario from approximately June 1994 through December 1994. It is significant in that it was Canada's first internet cafe. It was run by Steve Bernhardson and staffed by a handful of employees/volunteers. The full name of the establishment was actually The Binary Café and Hexadecimal Emporium, a name which reflected the two main components of the space—serving food and drinks, and selling cyberpunk-related books, magazines, and zines.

This version is also known as KOI7-switched aka csKOI7switched. On ISO 2022 compatible computer terminals KOI7-switched can be activated by the escape sequence `ESC ( @ ESC ) N LS0`. KOI-7 was used on machines like the SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) and DVK (ДВК); KOI-7 N2 was utilized in the machine-language of the (Elektronika D3-28) as four-digit hexadecimal code, (BESM-6), where it was called ВКД, (internal data code). The encodings were also used on RSX-11, RT-11 and similar systems.

Internet Explorer 7 adds support for per-pixel alpha transparency in PNG,IE7 Transparent PNG Implementation, IEBlog as well as minor improvements to HTML, CSS and DOM support. Microsoft's stated goal with version 7 was to fix the most significant bugs and areas which caused the most trouble for developers, however full compatibility with standards was postponed. Internet Explorer 7 additionally features an update to the WinInet API. The new version has better support for IPv6, and handles hexadecimal literals in the IPv6 address.

Subtle details, such as eyelashes and shadows, as well as generally more lifelike polygonal characters, were among several visual improvements. The show's target audience shifted to children aged 12 and older, resulting in a darker and more mature storyline. After severing ties with ABC following the second season, the show reached a greater number of households through syndication. Enzo, freshly upgraded into a Guardian candidate by Bob during the Web incursion, defends Mainframe from Megabyte and Hexadecimal, with Dot and AndrAIa at his side.

The hexadecimal numeric constant encodes the compatibility bitflags for that particular application, that Windows applies when the application is executed. Make Compatible merely provides a graphical user interface for editing these flags in an easy way, rather than editing manually, with a text editor. It allows one to set and unset individual flags without having to know their numeric values. The compatibility bitflags settable in are not documented in the file that ships with Windows 3.1, or in the Microsoft Windows 3.1 Resource Kit published by Microsoft.

Subscripts are often used to refer to members of a mathematical sequence or set or elements of a vector. For example, in the sequence O = (45, −2, 800), O3 refers to the third member of sequence O, which is 800. Also in mathematics and computing, a subscript can be used to represent the radix, or base, of a written number, especially where multiple bases are used alongside each other. For example, comparing values in hexadecimal, denary, and octal one might write Chex = 12dec = 14oct.

COSMAC Elf on display at the Computer History Museum. (Lower-middle left, below the Altair 8800 computer and next to the TV Typewriter.) The COSMAC Elf was an RCA 1802 microprocessor-based computer described in a series of construction articles in Popular Electronics magazine in 1976 and 1977. Through the back pages of electronics magazines, both Netronics and Quest Electronics offered low-priced, enhanced kits that were based on this design. The system was a very early single-board personal computer. It was operated without built-in ROMs and programs were entered directly with help of the CPU integrated DMA using 8 toggle switches and an Input push button. It featured two hexadecimal LED displays for byte data value output and a set of 8 toggle switches for input. (a hexadecimal keypad was an optional extension) The base configuration had 256 bytes of RAM, but expansion projects could raise that to a power of two-based memory store, with an upper limit of 64K address space. The original Elf design used a crystal with a frequency in the range of 1 to 2 MHz with the 1802's built in oscillator circuit.

In the ASCII character set, the okina is typically represented by the apostrophe character ('), ASCII value 39 in decimal and 27 in hexadecimal. This character is typically rendered as a straight typewriter apostrophe, lacking the curve of the okina proper. In some fonts, the ASCII apostrophe is rendered as a right single quotation mark, which is an even less satisfactory glyph for the okina—essentially a 180° rotation of the correct shape. Many other character sets expanded on the overloaded ASCII apostrophe, providing distinct characters for the left and right single quotation marks.

The stateful nature of these encodings and the large overlap make them very awkward to process. On Unix platforms, the ISO 2022 7-bit encodings were replaced by a set of 8-bit encoding schemes, the Extended Unix Code: EUC-JP, EUC-CN and EUC-KR. Instead of distinguishing between the multiunit sequences and the singletons with escape sequences, which made the encodings stateful, multiunit sequences were marked by having the most significant bit set, that is, being in the range 80–FF (hexadecimal), while the singletons were in the range 00–7F alone.

It would be easier to split a heap of grains into sixteen equal parts through successive divisions than to split into ten parts. Chinese Taoists did finger computation on the trigrams and hexagrams by counting the finger tips and joints of the fingers with the tip of the thumb. Each hand can count up to 16 in such manner. The Chinese abacus uses two upper beads to represent the 5s and 5 lower beads to represent the 1s, the 7 beads can represent a hexadecimal digit from 0 to 15 in each column.

An IP address (version 4) in both dot-decimal notation and binary code An IPv4 address has 32 bits. For purposes of representation, the bits may be divided into four octets written in decimal numbers, ranging from 0 to 255, concatenated as a character string with full stop delimiters between each number. For example, the address of the loopback interface, usually assigned the host name localhost, is 127.0.0.1. It consists of the four octets, written in binary notation: 01111111, 00000000, 00000000, and 00000001. The 32-bit number is represented in hexadecimal notation as 0x7F000001.

Michael Betancourt has posed a short set of instructions, included in the Signal Culture Cookbook, that involves the direct manipulation of the digital file using a hexadecimal editing program. One such method involves the addition of audio effects through audio editing software to distort raw data interpretations of image files. Some effects produce optical analogues: adding an echo filter duplicated elements of a photo, and inversion contributed to the flipping over of an image. The similarities result from the waveforms corresponding with the layers of pixels in a linear fashion, ordered from top to bottom.

Notable 24-bit machines include the CDC 924 – a 24-bit version of the CDC 1604, CDC lower 3000 series, SDS 930 and SDS 940, the ICT 1900 series, the Elliott 4100 series, and the Datacraft minicomputers/Harris H series. The term SWORD is sometimes used to describe a 24-bit data type with the S prefix referring to sesqui. The range of unsigned integers that can be represented in 24 bits is 0 to 16,777,215 ( in hexadecimal). The range of signed integers that can be represented in 24 bits is −8,388,608 to 8,388,607.

There are several ways of selecting colors, including palettes, color choosers and using an eyedropper tool to select a colour on the canvas. The built-in color choosers include RGB/HSV selector or scales, water-color selector, CMYK selector and a color- wheel selector. Colors can also be selected using hexadecimal color codes as used in HTML color selection. GIMP has native support for indexed colour and RGB color spaces; other color spaces are supported using decomposition where each channel of the new color space becomes a black-and-white image.

An overwhelmed network node can send a pause frame, which halts the transmission of the sender for a specified period of time. A media access control (MAC) frame (EtherType 0x8808) is used to carry the pause command, with the Control opcode set to 0x0001 (hexadecimal). Only stations configured for full-duplex operation may send PAUSE frames. When a station wishes to pause the other end of a link, it sends a pause frame to either the unique 48-bit destination address of this link or to the 48-bit reserved multicast address of .

Digest access authentication was originally specified by RFC 2069 (An Extension to HTTP: Digest Access Authentication). RFC 2069 specifies roughly a traditional digest authentication scheme with security maintained by a server-generated nonce value. The authentication response is formed as follows (where HA1 and HA2 are names of string variables): : HA1 = MD5(username:realm:password) HA2 = MD5(method:digestURI) response = MD5(HA1:nonce:HA2) A MD5 hash is a 16-byte value. The HA1 and HA2 values used in the computation of the response are the hexadecimal representation (in lowercase) of the MD5 hashes respectively.

XML does not define these by default, but specifications based on it can do so, and XHTML does. In addition, while the HTML 4, XHTML and XML specifications allow specifying numeric character references in either hexadecimal or decimal, SGML and older versions of HTML (and many old implementations) only support decimal references. Thus, to represent curly quotes in XML and SGML, it is safest to use the decimal numeric character references. That is, to represent the double curly quotes use `“` and `”`, and to represent single curly quotes use `‘` and `’`.

PMI-80 board The PMI-80 was a single-board microcomputer produced by Tesla Piešťany, Czechoslovakia, since 1982. It was based on the MHB 8080A CPU (a Tesla clone of the Intel 8080), clocked at 1.111 MHz. Instead of a raster graphic display output and classical keyboard, it had a calculator-style nine- digit seven-segment red LED display and a 25-key calculator-type keypad with hexadecimal and function keys (including hardware REset and Interrupt). The PMI-80 had 1 KiB of ROM (expandable to 2 KiB) and fixed 1 KiB of RWM.

To use PAE to access more than 4 GB of RAM, further support is required in the operating system, in the chipset, and on the motherboard. Some chipsets do not support physical memory addresses above 4 GB (FFFFFFFF in hexadecimal), and some motherboards simply do not have enough RAM sockets to allow the installation of more than 4 GB of RAM. Nevertheless, even if no more than 4 GB of RAM is available and accessible, a PAE-capable CPU may be run in PAE mode, for example to allow use of the No execute feature.

The charges relate to two blog posts that contained pictures which reveal the identities of two New Zealanders. On 11 Jan 2010, Slater published a blog post that used binary and hexadecimal code to reveal the identity of a person charged with indecent assault on a 13-year-old girl. The Nelson Bays police announced that they would investigate this further breach of New Zealand's name suppression laws. On 1 June 2010, Dannevirke blogger Henk van Helmond was convicted of breaching a name suppression order and given a suspended sentence.

The only software available to the user after turning on the computer is a monitor contained in ROM. The monitor supports basic debugging functions, it allows viewing and modifying memory cells, loading and saving memory contents to the tape, entering and running programs in binary code. The monitor is also HAL: programs that access the hardware only by calling the monitor library support both 16Kb and 32 Kb RAM versions and often also Micro-80 predecessor. Initially, the Radio magazine distributed programs for the Radio-86RK in the form of hexadecimal dumps.

Finally, Commodore added a machine-language monitor to the kernel ROM that could be accessed by jumping to any memory location with a BRK instruction. It did not include a built-in assembler and required the user to enter hexadecimal numbers for coding. Commodore contacted Microsoft to upgrade BASIC for the new machines; this resulted in the soon-to-be-familiar BASIC 2.0 which removed the 256 element array limitation and had a rearranged zero page. Most bugs were fixed and IEEE-488 support in BASIC was made to be functional.

The error number in the catch statement will be written out in hexadecimal which probably isn't what one wants: #include #include int main() { try { std::cout << std::hex; std::cout << 0xFFFFFFFF << ' '; std::vector vector(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0); // Exception std::cout << std::dec; // Never reached } catch (std::exception &e;) { std::cout << "Error number: " << 10 << ' '; // Not in decimal } } It is acknowledged even by some members of the C++ standards body that the iostreams interface is an aging interface that needs to be replaced eventually. This design forces the library implementers to adopt solutions that impact performance greatly.

When referring to a character encoded in , the format MJXXXXXX is often used, similar to the U+XXXX format used for Unicode. For example, hentaigana has encoding MJ090007 and Unicode encoding U+1B008. A difference, however, is that encodings displayed this way are decimal, while Unicode's U+ encoding is hexadecimal. From the earliest days of Unicode, has both influenced and been influenced by the standard—its glyphs first appear in a proposal to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group (IRG),As of 2019, the IRG rebranded as the Ideographic Research Group.

To address this, the CipherSaber designer has made a modified protocol (called CipherSaber-2) in which the RC4 key setup loop is repeated multiple times (20 is recommended). In addition to agreeing on a secret key, parties communicating with CipherSaber-2 must agree on how many times to repeat this loop. The ciphertext output is a binary byte stream that is designed to be "indistinguishable from random noise".Arnold Reinhold, CipherSaber home page For use with communications systems that can accept only ASCII data, the author recommends encoding the byte stream as hexadecimal digits.

More generally speaking, NeiMa in Unicode mode accepts any code point within the Unicode table, so users are not limited to inputting Chinese characters, but also any other character that can be found within the Unicode table. For example, Latin Capital Letter A, A, may be inputted with NeiMa using A's Unicode code point, which is 0041. On a Unicode-based system, one might be able to input a character by typing its Unicode number in hexadecimal. Such an input method might also be called “neima”, or it might be called “Unicode”.

In general, representations are shortened as much as possible. However, this practice complicates several common operations, namely searching for a specific address or an address pattern in text documents or streams, and comparing addresses to determine equivalence. For mitigation of these complications, the IETF has defined a canonical format in RFC 5952 for rendering IPv6 addresses in text: The hexadecimal digits are always compared in case-insensitive manner, but IETF recommendations suggest the use of only lower case letters. For example, 2001:db8::1 is preferred over 2001:DB8::1.

By taking advantage of the object- oriented structure of Java, the developers of LeJOS NXJ have been able to hide the implementation details of sensors and actuators behind multiple interfaces. This allows the robotics developer to work with high-level abstractions without having to worry about details like the hexadecimal addresses of hardware components. The project includes implementations of the commonly used feedback controller, the PID controller and the Kalman filter noise reduction algorithm. leJOS NXJ also provides libraries that support more abstract functions such as navigation, mapping and behavior based robotics.

In the mid-1960s, to defeat the advantage of the recently introduced computers for the then popular rally racing in the Midwest, competition lag times in a few events were given in centids ( day, 864 seconds, 14.4 minutes), millids ( day, 86.4 seconds) and centims ( minute, 0.6 seconds) the latter two looking and sounding a bit like the related units of minutes and seconds. Decimal time proposals are frequently used in fiction, often in futuristic works. In addition to decimal time, there also exist binary clocks and hexadecimal time.

The Day of the Programmer is an international professional day that is celebrated on the 256th (hexadecimal 100th, or the 28th) day of each year (September 13 during common years and on September 12 in leap years). It is officially recognized in Russia.Decree #1034 The number 256 (28) was chosen because it is the number of distinct values that can be represented with a byte, a value well known to programmers. 256 is also the highest power of two that is less than 365, the number of days in a common year.

This large investment promised to reduce transmission costs for eight-bit data. The development of eight-bit microprocessors in the 1970s popularized this storage size. Microprocessors such as the Intel 8008, the direct predecessor of the 8080 and the 8086, used in early personal computers, could also perform a small number of operations on the four-bit pairs in a byte, such as the decimal-add-adjust (DAA) instruction. A four-bit quantity is often called a nibble, also nybble, which is conveniently represented by a single hexadecimal digit.

Perl has a wide variety of strings, which are more formally considered operators, and are known as quote and quote-like operators. These include both a usual syntax (fixed delimiters) and a generic syntax, which allows a choice of delimiters; these include: "" `` // m// qr// s/// y/// q{} qq{} qx{} qw{} m{} qr{} s{}{} tr{}{} y{}{} REXX uses suffix characters to specify characters or strings using their hexadecimal or binary code. E.g., '20'x "0010 0000"b "00100000"b all yield the space character, avoiding the function call `X2C(20)`.

His remote control ran away, so he cannot be turned off. He temporarily lived in Hexadecimal's lair when Bob left him with her in order to "cheer her up" after the events of Painted Windows. Mike keeps the secret that it is his fault the web creature was released into Mainframe - when he played an opera for Hexadecimal, a singer's high note shattered her mirror and allowed the creature to get her - and thus he is (indirectly) responsible for everything that happens after that. Mike apparently joined Scuzzy as her helper.

The main antagonist of the series, Megabyte (voiced by Tony Jay) is a virus, originally operating out of the Silicon Tor in Sector 1000 and dominating most of G-Prime. Megabyte plots constantly to corrupt and control Mainframe in order to turn it into his own domain, "Megaframe", and from there infect the Super-Computer and then take the entire Net. His secondary objective is to destroy his sister Hexadecimal, which is apparently just viral sibling rivalry. He is a malignant virus able to infect other programs, and commands an army of infected Viral Binomes.

For external use by computer specialists, this binary representation is sometimes presented in the related octal or hexadecimal systems. For most purposes, however, binary values are converted to or from the equivalent decimal values for presentation to or input from humans; computer programs express literals in decimal by default. (123.1, for example, is written as such in a computer program, even though many computer languages are unable to encode that number precisely.) Both computer hardware and software also use internal representations which are effectively decimal for storing decimal values and doing arithmetic.

Expansion devices respond to certain fixed memory addresses starting at hexadecimal (or for Zorro III) if the /CFGIN signal is asserted and the device is not already configured. The CPU reads nibbles of configuration information (usually supplied by a PAL) such as manufacturer ID, product ID, and the amount of address space the device requires. The CPU then writes a base memory address to the device (or tells it to "shut up" if for some reason it can't be configured), and the device asserts /CFGOUT. The /CFGIN of the first device is tied to ground.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security algorithm for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Introduced as part of the original 802.11 standard ratified in 1997, its intention was to provide data confidentiality comparable to that of a traditional wired network. WEP, recognizable by its key of 10 or 26 hexadecimal digits (40 or 104 bits), was at one time widely in use and was often the first security choice presented to users by router configuration tools. In 2003 the Wi-Fi Alliance announced that WEP had been superseded by Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA).

For example, within an unconditional branch instruction (X'47F0Fxxx'), the xxx 12bit hexadecimal offset provided the byte offset from the base register (15) to branch to. An odd offset would cause a program check (unless the base register itself also contained an odd address)—since instructions had to be aligned on half-word boundaries to execute without a program or hardware interrupt. The previous example describes an indirect way to address to a memory location in the format of segment:offset. For example, assume we want to refer to memory location 0xF867.

Wireless suites such as aircrack-ng can crack a weak passphrase in less than a minute. Other WEP/WPA crackers are AirSnort and Auditor Security Collection.Hacking Wireless Networks for Dummies Still, WPA Personal is secure when used with ‘good’ passphrases or a full 64-character hexadecimal key. There was information, however, that Erik Tews (the man who created the fragmentation attack against WEP) was going to reveal a way of breaking the WPA TKIP implementation at Tokyo's PacSec security conference in November 2008, cracking the encryption on a packet in between 12–15 minutes.

The internal floating point number format normally used two 16-bit words for a total of 32-bits, stored least significant bit first. Bit 0 was the sign, 1 through 7 was the exponent stored in excess-64 format, and 8 through 31 the mantissa stored as hexadecimal digits. Numbers could alternately used a double-precision format that extended the mantissa only, adding another 32-bits. That meant the double-precision format did not extend the range of numbers that could be stored, only the accuracy of those numbers.

In principle, it would be possible to inflate the number of bytes in an encoding by padding the code point with leading 0s. To encode the Euro sign € from the above example in four bytes instead of three, it could be padded with leading 0s until it was 21 bits long , and encoded as (or in hexadecimal). This is called an overlong encoding. The standard specifies that the correct encoding of a code point uses only the minimum number of bytes required to hold the significant bits of the code point.

Because keyboard layouts cannot have simple key combinations for all characters, several operating systems provide alternative input methods that allow access to the entire repertoire. ISO/IEC 14755, which standardises methods for entering Unicode characters from their code points, specifies several methods. There is the Basic method, where a beginning sequence is followed by the hexadecimal representation of the code point and the ending sequence. There is also a screen-selection entry method specified, where the characters are listed in a table in a screen, such as with a character map program.

1986 edition of TI-35 PLUS TI-36 SOLAR, first edition It can display 10 digits mantissa with 2 digits exponent, and calculates with 12-digit precision internally. TI-36 SOLAR was based on 1985 version of TI-35 PLUS, but incorporates solar cells. It addition to standard features such as trigonometric functions, exponents, logarithm, and intelligent order of operations found in TI-30 and TI-34 series of calculators, it also include base (decimal, hexadecimal, octal, binary) calculations, complex values, statistics. Conversions include polar- rectangular coordinates (P←→R), angles.

Radare2 was created in February 2006, aiming to provide a free and simple command-line interface for a hexadecimal editor supporting 64 bit offsets to make searches and recovering data from hard-disks, for forensic purposes. Since then, the project has grown with the aim changed to provide a complete framework for analyzing binaries while adhering to several principles of the Unix philosophy. In 2009, the decision was made to completely rewrite it, to get around limitations in the initial design. Since then, the project continued to grow, and attracted several resident developers.

The series follows the adventures of a Guardian named Bob and his companions Enzo and Dot Matrix as they work to keep the computer system of Mainframe safe from the viruses known as Megabyte and Hexadecimal. The setting is in the inner world of a computer system known by its inhabitants as Mainframe. It was deliberately chosen due to technological constraints at the time, as the fictional computer world allowed for blocky looking models and mechanical animation.Hetherington, Janet L. "As Mainframe's technology reaches adolescence, there's a 'ReBoot' Renaissance".

It was not sent if the window was merely moved. Some Windows 3.0 applications, however, such as Lotus Notes for example, relied upon always receiving this message. ;Enum Helv and Times Roman fonts:This is bit #12 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x1000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_ENUMHELVNTMSRMN` in . This flag works around a problem with applications that refused to work properly unless fonts with the exact names "Helv" and "Tms Rmn" were listed as present on the system by the Windows font enumeration API.

This flag was to work around a problem with Freelance Graphics, where it wouldn't print using TrueType fonts unless they were printed as graphics. ;Global hooks only called for Win16 apps: ;Ignore discardable segment attributes:This is bit #0 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x1`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_IGNORENODISCARD` in . This flag forces the `GEM_NODISCARD` flag passed to `GlobalAlloc()` by a program to be ignored. It worked around a bug in the run-time library supplied with Microsoft's own C compiler, Microsoft C version 6.

The main reason for the flag was applications such as Lotus Notes 2.1, which implemented its own combo boxes as child windows, rather than as top-level windows (the system default combo box implementation). With this flag set, odd display problems with such windows would disappear. ;Support multiple printing bands:This is bit #5 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x20`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_MULTIPLEBANDS` in . This flag causes Windows 3.1 to always use multiple bands for printing, even when one band would be sufficient.

This prevented people from using TurboTax to print their income tax return forms on PostScript printers. ;Always send NC_Paint:This is bit #6 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x40`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_ALWAYSSENDNCPAINT` in . This flag forces any call to `SetWindowPos()` to cause the sending of `WM_NCPAINT` message to all child windows. This is the Windows 3.0 behaviour. In Windows 3.1, the behaviour was changed so that the window message is only sent to those windows that need their non-client areas to be repainted.

New contests include a Halo 2 tournament and a competition to design a "Gamertile" (an avatar icon). The design for the website employs flash animation of a Bonsai tree and bland elevator music to create a serene environment that is punctuated by visually intense psychedelic episodes involving the host rabbits. October 2005 saw the launch of "Hex168" ( 168 is 360 in hexadecimal), another viral marketing campaign commissioned by Microsoft and executed by the Marden-Kane advertising agency. On October 13, 2005, members of the TeamXbox forums were directed to the Hex168.

In particular, it permits hierarchical address allocation methods that facilitate route aggregation across the Internet, and thus limit the expansion of routing tables. The use of multicast addressing is expanded and simplified, and provides additional optimization for the delivery of services. Device mobility, security, and configuration aspects have been considered in the design of the protocol. IPv6 addresses are represented as eight groups, separated by colons, of four hexadecimal digits. The full representation may be shortened; for example, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 becomes 2001:db8::8a2e:370:7334.

Many modern programming languages specify the doublequote character () as a delimiter for a string literal. The backslash () escape character typically provides two ways to include doublequotes inside a string literal, either by modifying the meaning of the doublequote character embedded in the string ( becomes ), or by modifying the meaning of a sequence of characters including the hexadecimal value of a doublequote character ( becomes ). C, C++, Java, and Ruby all allow exactly the same two backslash escape styles. The PostScript language and Microsoft Rich Text Format also use backslash escapes.

In the Unicode standard, the okina is encoded as , which can be rendered in HTML by the entity `ʻ` (or in hexadecimal form `ʻ`). Although this letter was introduced in Unicode 1.1 (1993), lack of support for this character prevented easy and universal use for many years. , OS X, Microsoft Windows and Linux-based computers and all new major smartphones have no problem with the glyph, and it is no longer a problem in Internet Explorer 7 as it was in previous versions. U+02BB should be the value used in encoding new data when the expected use of the data permits.

According to Christopher Bidmead, the Logopolitans employ a hexadecimal, or base-16, numerical system, a real system commonly used in computer programming. When Adric and the Monitor read strings of numbers and letters, the letters are actually the numbers between 10 and 15, expressed as single digits. The police box around which the Doctor materialises the TARDIS in Part One was intended to be that located at the Barnet bypass, being at the time one of the last police boxes in the Metropolitan Police District still in its original location, though it had ceased functioning in the 1970s.

It provides simple default implementations of all the methods, but also global functions that are of general use. Some of the functions are specified as being "built-in" functions and are implemented in Perl in the S2 subsystem; all other functions are implemented in S2 itself and are compiled into Perl code by the S2 compiler. The S2 language introduces a concept of properties -- these are variables that are not specific to a particular object or class, but to a layer. Such a property can be a textual string, an integer number, a hexadecimal colour code, etc.

Z80 assembly language can be programmed on the computer and sent to the calculator via USB port, written by hand directly into the program editor (using the hexadecimal equivalents to the op-codes) or compiled using third party compiler programs. Programs written in assembly are much faster and more efficient than those using TI-BASIC, as it is the processor's native language, and does not have to be interpreted. An example program that displays "Hello World!" on the screen is given. Note that b_call() is not an instruction, but a macro (syntactic sugar) for calling an OS routine. .

But soon, magazines were printing long lists of checksummed hexadecimal digits with machine code games or tools. There was a vibrant scientific community built around such software, ranging from satellite dish alignment programs to school classroom scheduling programs. One unusual software distribution method were radio or television shows in e.g. Croatia (Radio 101), Serbia (Ventilator 202), Slovenia (Radio Študent), Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Lebanon or Brazil, where the host would describe a program, instruct the audience to connect a cassette tape recorder to the radio or TV and then broadcast the program over the airwaves in audio format.

Torvalds in 2002 Linus Torvalds is married to Tove Torvalds (née Monni)—a six-time Finnish national karate champion—whom he first met in late 1993. Linus was running introductory computer laboratory exercises for students and instructed the course attendees to send him an e-mail as a test, to which Tove responded with an e-mail asking for a date. Tove and Linus were later married and have three daughters, two of whom were born in the United States. The Linux kernel's reboot system call accepts their dates of birth (written in hexadecimal) as magic values.

Some programs running in Microsoft Windows, including recent versions of Word and Wordpad, can produce characters from their Unicode code points expressed in decimal and entered on the numeric keypad with the key held down. For example, the Euro sign has 20AC as its hexadecimal code point, which is 8364 in decimal, so will produce the symbol. Similarly, produces the double-struck character . Decimal code points in the range 160 –255 must be entered with a leading zero (so that the Windows code page is chosen) and furthermore the Windows code page must be set to match Unicode (CP1252 must be used).

Also, programs written in Simons' BASIC could employ hexadecimal numbers in assignments and calculations by including a `$` prefix, or binary numbers by utilizing a `%` prefix. Because a portion of the cartridge data was mapped into memory at addresses $8000–$9FFF, which overlapped part of the standard C64 BASIC RAM, the amount of available memory for BASIC programs was 8 KB less than that of a standard C64 configuration. A further extension was also written by Simons and released by Commodore on floppy disk and tape as Simons' Basic Extension. This software is also known as Simons' Basic 2.

Pasting into WordPad from an HTML document, such as a Web page or email, typically automatically converts most or all of it to RTF (this depends partly on the Web browser from which the text is copied). WordPad is suited to taking notes; writing letters and stories; and use on various tablets, PCs, and smart phones. It is underpowered for work that relies heavily on graphics and typesetting, such as most publishing-industry requirements for rendering final hard copy. A character not on the keyboard can be entered into Wordpad by typing its hexadecimal code point in Unicode followed by .

On 23 December 2009, Slater was charged with five counts of breaching name suppression orders. The charges related to two blog posts that contained pictures which revealed the identities of a prominent New Zealand entertainer and a former New Zealand Olympian who were each charged with sexual offences. On 11 January 2010, Slater published a blog post that used binary and hexadecimal code to allege the identity of a former Member of Parliament charged with indecent assault on a 13-year-old girl. The Nelson Bays police announced that they would investigate this further breach of New Zealand's name suppression laws.

An Interoperable Object Reference (IOR) is a CORBA or RMI-IIOP reference that uniquely identifies an object on a remote CORBA server. IORs can be transmitted in binary over TCP/IP via the General Inter-ORB Protocol (the encoding may be big-endian or little-endian), or serialized into a string of hexadecimal digits (prefixed by the string `IOR:`) to facilitate transport by non-CORBA mechanisms such as HTTP, FTP, and e-mail. The internal structure of an IOR may contain multiple components. Each component is identified by its integer code and has its own binary format.

For example, IBM mainframe computers encode floating point numbers in hexadecimal format and character data in EBCDIC, while IBM Personal computers encode them in IEEE format and ASCII. Further complexity arose because of the ways in which various programming language compilers map record fields onto strings of bits, bytes, and words in memory. Transparent conversion of a record requires detailed descriptions of both the client view and the server view of a record. Given these descriptions, the fields of the client and server views can be matched, by field name, and appropriate conversions can be performed.

A 16-position motorized dial rotary switch could be used to input decimal or hexadecimal numbers, to output numbers, or to act as a clock signal generator. The components could be interconnected by manually inserting jumper wires fitted with tapered pin connectors into sockets on the main circuit board. The combined components just barely allowed the simple computer to play a winning game of Tic-Tac-Toe, or to simulate a simple elevator control system. An "advanced and improved" version called the Minivac 6010 was released in early 1962, housed in a gray metal case and featuring higher- quality components.

The octet is used to represent Internet Protocol computer network addresses. An IPv4 address consists of four octets, usually shown individually as a series of decimal values ranging from 0 to 255, each separated by a full stop (dot). Using octets with all eight bits set, the representation of the highest numbered IPv4 address is 255.255.255.255. An IPv6 address consists of sixteen octets, shown using hexadecimal representation (two digits per octet) and using a colon character (:) after each pair of octets (16 bits also known as hextet) for readability, like this FE80:0000:0000:0000:0123:4567:89AB:CDEF.

In the tables below, where a pair of hexadecimal numbers is given for a prefix byte or a coding byte, the smaller (with the eighth bit unset or unavailable) is used when encoded over GL (0x21-0x7E), as in ISO-2022-CN or HZ-GB-2312, and the larger (with the eighth bit set) is used in the more typical case of it being encoded over GR (0xA1-0xFE), as in EUC- CN, GBK or GB 18030. Qūwèi numbers are given in decimal. When GB/T 2312 is encoded over GR, both bytes have the eighth bit set (i.e. are greater than 0x7F).

Fare zones 7–9 are ancillary zones of the Travelcard and Oyster card fares scheme managed by Transport for London, used for calculating fares from some stations outside Greater London that are not in zones 4, 5 and 6. Travelcards are available on Oyster with validity in these zones. They are not included in the validity of National Rail out-boundary Travelcards unless mentioned in the Route section as "AAA LDN ZONE 7-9". Fare zones 10-15 (or A-F by their hexadecimal number) have fares set by National Rail train operating companies and the zones themselves are not publicised.

The next byte to the right (i.e. byte 1) is considered "odd" and is encoded using the PGP Odd Word table. This process repeats until all bytes are encoded. Thus, "E582" produces "topmost Istanbul", whereas "82E5" produces "miser travesty". A PGP public key fingerprint that displayed in hexadecimal as :`E582` `94F2` `E9A2` `2748` `6E8B` :`061B` `31CC` `528F` `D7FA` `3F19` would display in PGP Words (the "biometric" fingerprint) as :`topmost Istanbul` `Pluto vagabond` `treadmill Pacific` `brackish dictator` `goldfish Medusa` :`afflict bravado``chatter revolver` `Dupont midsummer` `stopwatch whimsical` `cowbell bottomless` The order of bytes in a bytestring depends on Endianness.

Another way of stopping it was simply to press the green "Start" button on the console, causing the system to reboot. Error codes were displayed on a two-digit seven- segment display (one of the first seen, and built with lamps rather than LEDs). The range of error codes included not only decimal and hexadecimal digits (as seven-segment displays are commonly used) but also a limited set of other letters; for example, "P3" was one of several printer error codes. A thick manual that came with the System/3 aided the operator in interpreting the error codes and suggested recovery procedures.

Guardian 452 and defender of Mainframe from both internal and external threats. Bob is often criticized by other Guardians for his unorthodox views regarding viruses: unlike other Guardians, who believe that viruses should simply be deleted on sight, Bob theorizes that viruses can be reprogrammed to live as Sprites (he cites Hexadecimal as proof of his theories). Despite this criticism, Bob is still respected as one of the finest Guardians ever to come out of the academy. Compared to Dot, he usually does things "on the fly", and is an extremely casual and laid-back hero in the first two seasons.

This all makes it a more convenient number system for computing fractions than most other number systems in common use, such as the decimal, vigesimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal systems. Although the trigesimal and sexagesimal systems (where the reciprocals of all 5-smooth numbers terminate) do even better in this respect, this is at the cost of unwieldy multiplication tables and a much larger number of symbols to memorize. Various symbols have been used to stand for ten and eleven in duodecimal notation; Unicode includes alt=rotated digit two () and alt=reversed or rotated digit three ().

If a field with a value of "" is specified in an HTTP message (either a request sent by a client or the response from the server), the body of the message consists of an unspecified number of chunks, a terminating chunk, trailer, and a final CRLF sequence (i.e. carriage return followed by line feed). Each chunk starts with the number of octets of the data it embeds expressed as a hexadecimal number in ASCII followed by optional parameters (chunk extension) and a terminating CRLF sequence, followed by the chunk data. The chunk is terminated by CRLF.

For example, a binary string of eight bits can represent any of 256 possible values and can, therefore, represent a wide variety of different items. In computing and telecommunications, binary codes are used for various methods of encoding data, such as character strings, into bit strings. Those methods may use fixed-width or variable-width strings. In a fixed-width binary code, each letter, digit, or other character is represented by a bit string of the same length; that bit string, interpreted as a binary number, is usually displayed in code tables in octal, decimal or hexadecimal notation.

Software distributed in this way was in general simpler and slower than its assembly language counterparts. Magazines printed long lists of checksummed hexadecimal digits with machine code games or tools. Another software distribution method was to broadcast the audio stream from the cassette on another medium and have users record it onto an audio cassette themselves. In radio or television shows in many European countries, the host would describe a program, instruct the audience to connect a cassette tape recorder to the radio or TV and then broadcast the program over the airwaves in audio format.

The second season was initially as episodic as the first but later featured an extended story arc that began with the season's fifth episode, "Painted Windows". The arc revealed that Hexadecimal and Megabyte are siblings, and introduced an external threat to Mainframe: the Web, which was set up in fearful mentions in "High Code" and "Painted Windows". The sixth episode, "AndrAIa", also saw a new character in the titular AndrAIa join the cast. Creator Gavin Blair has said the move to a longer arc came from "shrugging off the shackles of ABC and their BS&P;" after being cancelled.

There are two standard formats for MEIDs, and both can include an optional check-digit. This is defined by 3GPP2 standard X.S0008. The hexadecimal form is specified to be 14 digits grouped together and applies whether all digits are in the decimal range or whether some are in the range 'A'–'F'. In the first case, all digits are in the range '0'–'9', the check- digit is calculated using the normal base 10 Luhn algorithm, but if at least one digit is in the range 'A'–'F' this check digit algorithm uses base 16 arithmetic.

In ISO 8583, a bitmap is a field or subfield within a message, which indicates whether other data elements or data element subfields are present elsewhere in the message. A field is considered to be present only when the corresponding bit in the bitmap is set. For example, a hex with value (decimal 130) is binary , which means fields and are present in the message and fields 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 are not. The bitmap may be represented as 8 bytes of binary data or as 16 hexadecimal characters (0–9, A–F) in the ASCII or EBCDIC character sets.

This was to work around a problem in Freelance Graphics, which would assume that if only one band existed, and it was the entire page, it was the text band, and would not even attempt to print graphics. On Windows 3.1, the universal printer driver would sometimes be able to handle both text and graphics with a single band. By forcing the use of multiple bands, the problems that this would cause for Freelance Graphics were avoided. ;TT fonts are device fonts:This is bit #4 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x10`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_CALLTTDEVICE` in .

The letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet on a 16-segment display (plus the Arabic numerals). In ASCII the letters belong to the printable characters and in Unicode since version 1.0 they belong to the block "C0 Controls and Basic Latin". In both cases, as well as in ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 8859 and ISO/IEC 10646 they are occupying the positions in hexadecimal notation 41 to 5A for uppercase and 61 to 7A for lowercase. Not case sensitive, all letters have code words in the ICAO spelling alphabet and can be represented with Morse code.

Their usage is sometimes also a stylistic choice, particularly frequent in certain Internet slang. The term "half-width kana", which strictly refers only to how kana are displayed, not how they are stored – is also used loosely to refer to the A0–DF (hexadecimal) block where katakana are stored in some character encodings, such as JIS X 0201 (1969) – see encodings, below. This is formally incorrect, however – this JIS standard simply specifies that katakana be stored in these locations, without specifying how they should be displayed; the confusion is because in early computing, the characters stored here were in fact displayed as half-width kana – see confusion, below.

The current size of a file was maintained in the file's File Control Block (FCB) by the operating system. Since many application programs (such as text editors) prefer to deal with files as sequences of characters rather than as sequences of records, by convention text files were terminated with a control-Z character (ASCII SUB, hexadecimal 1A). Determining the end of a text file therefore involved examining the last record of the file to locate the terminating control-Z. This also meant that inserting a control-Z character into the middle of a file usually had the effect of truncating the text contents of the file.

When describing base in mathematical notation, the letter b is generally used as a symbol for this concept, so, for a binary system, b equals 2. Another common way of expressing the base is writing it as a decimal subscript after the number that is being represented (this notation is used in this article). 11110112 implies that the number 1111011 is a base-2 number, equal to 12310 (a decimal notation representation), 1738 (octal) and 7B16 (hexadecimal). In books and articles, when using initially the written abbreviations of number bases, the base is not subsequently printed: it is assumed that binary 1111011 is the same as 11110112.

This series of calculators was also noted for a large number of highly counter-intuitive mysterious undocumented features, not unlike the "synthetic programming" of the American HP-41, which were exploited by applying normal arithmetic operations to error messages, jumping to non-existent addresses and other techniques. A clever step away from the documented path would often cause some highly unusual things. For example, operations over the hexadecimal number 0xF, which looked like a decimal point on the dark screen, could cause a number of bizarre effects, from complete freeze to self-modification of the program, temporary appearance of otherwise invisible undocumented registers and sometimes totally non-deterministic behavior.

In a vigesimal place system, twenty individual numerals (or digit symbols) are used, ten more than in the usual decimal system. One modern method of finding the extra needed symbols is to write ten as the letter (the 20 means base ), to write nineteen as , and the numbers between with the corresponding letters of the alphabet. This is similar to the common computer-science practice of writing hexadecimal numerals over 9 with the letters "A–F". Another less common method skips over the letter "I", in order to avoid confusion between I20 as eighteen and one, so that the number eighteen is written as J20, and nineteen is written as K20.

So if the account S0103 had the password (in hexadecimal) A0B0C0 and a space, then user LESLIE would logon to the system by typing :/LOGON S0103,LESLIE,X'A0B0C0' If their credentials were incorrect, either because the account name, user name or password were incorrect, they would get the message, :Logon invalid, please try again. and would be given a / prompt to logon again. If their credentials were correct, then if the system manager (the owner of account $TSOS) had posted a system message, it would display at this time. The user would be at command mode, and a standard / prompt would appear where they could type various commands.

Sample image (enlarged), actual size 3 pixels wide by 5 high Bytes Dh to 30Ch in the example define a palette of 256 colors. Microsoft Paint saves a small black-and-white image as the following GIF file. Paint does not make optimal use of GIF; due to the unnecessarily large color table (storing a full 256 colors instead of the used 2) and symbol width, this GIF file is not an efficient representation of the 15-pixel image (illustrated enlarged above). Although the Graphic Control Extension block declares color index 16 (hexadecimal 10) to be transparent, that index is not used in the image.

Notes, parameter changes, effects and other commands are entered with the keyboard into a grid of fixed time slots as codes consisting of letters, numbers and hexadecimal digits. Separate patterns have independent timelines; a complete song consists of a master list of repeated patterns. Later trackers departed from solely using module files, adding other options both to the sound synthesis (hosting generic synthesizers and effects or MIDI output) and to the sequencing (MIDI input and recording), effectively becoming general purpose sequencers with a different user interface. In the 2010s, tracker music is still featured in demoscene products for old hardware platforms and demoparties have often separate tracker music competitions.

The 5360, 5362, and 5363 processors had a front panel display with four hexadecimal LEDs. If the operator "dialed up" the combination F-F-0-0 before performing an IPL, many diagnostics were skipped, causing the duration of the IPL to be about a minute instead of about 10 minutes. Of course part of the IPL was typically keysorting the indexed files and if the machine had been shut down without a "keysort" (performed part of the P S (or STOP SYSTEM) then depending on the number of indexed files (and their sizes) it could take upwards of an hour to come back up.

Other equations that appear are Euler's identity and P = NP which is a reference to the famous P vs NP problem, and similarly contradicts the general belief that in fact P ≠ NP. The code 46 72 69 6E 6B 20 72 75 6C 65 73 21 is a string of hexadecimal numbers that, when interpreted as ASCII codes, decodes to "`Frink rules!`". There is a signpost with x, y, and z, and many basic shapes littered across the screen. While wandering around, Homer walks past a building that is identical to the library from the 1993 computer game Myst, complete with a musical homage to the game's soundtrack.

Hex input of Unicode must be enabled. In Mac OS 8.5 and later, one can choose the Unicode Hex Input keyboard layout; in OS X (10.10) Yosemite, this can be added in Keyboard → Input Sources. Holding down , one types the four-digit hexadecimal Unicode code point and the equivalent character appears; one can then release the key.typing special and accented characters Characters outside of the BMP (the Basic Multilingual Plane) exceed the four-digit limit of the Unicode hex input mechanism but can be entered by using surrogate pairs: holding down the key while entering the first surrogate, the , the second surrogate, then releasing the Option key.

These examples are given in bit representation, in hexadecimal and binary, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand. 3f80 = 0 01111111 0000000 = 1 c000 = 1 10000000 0000000 = −2 7f7f = 0 11111110 1111111 = (28 − 1) × 2−7 × 2127 ≈ 3.38953139 × 1038 (max finite positive value in bfloat16 precision) 0080 = 0 00000001 0000000 = 2−126 ≈ 1.175494351 × 10−38 (min normalized positive value in bfloat16 precision and single-precision floating point) The maximum positive finite value of a normal bfloat16 number is 3.38953139 × 1038, slightly below (224 − 1) × 2−23 × 2127 = 3.402823466 × 1038, the max finite positive value representable in single precision.

The MK-52's programming commands are typed into the MK-52 in programming mode and are then executed. The MK-52 is fully capable of being programmed to manage memory and to use both conditional and unconditional branching. In programming mode, the screen displays information about the program in memory, represented by two hexadecimal-digit operation codes. For example, if `10 01 0E 03` is displayed, then this means that `0E` is stored at program step 00, `01` is stored at program step 01, `10` is stored at program step 02, and the machine is prompting for data to be input, to be stored at program step 03.

The header consists of five parts: BREAK: The BREAK field is used to activate all attached LIN slaves to listen to the following parts of the header. It consists of one start bit and several dominant bits. The length is at least 11-bit times; standard use as of today are 13-bit times, and therefore differs from the basic data format. This is used to ensure that listening LIN nodes with a main-clock differing from the set bus baud rate in specified ranges will detect the BREAK as the frame starting the communication and not as a standard data byte with all values zero (hexadecimal 0x00).

ThinkFun, formerly known as Binary Arts, is a toy and board game company founded in 1985 by Bill Ritchie and Andrea Barthello. The two started the company from the basement of their home in Virginia, with a product base that initially consisted of four games invented by a family friend William Keister (Spin-out, The Cat, The Horse and Hexadecimal Puzzle). The husband and wife team used these products as a launching pad for their company, and within six months they were able to move the company headquarters out of their basement and into a more workable space and were able to begin to expand their product line.

The video display RAM and keyboard matrix are not memory-mapped as on the previous Models I and III. Rather, whenever a program called functions requiring video RAM to be modified, or the keyboard matrix to be read, TRSDOS executes code that switches out (made inaccessible) the uppermost three kilobytes from the Z80 address space (hexadecimal F400 - FFFF). This is replaced with the keyboard matrix from the address range F400 - F7FF, and the 2 KB static RAM of video memory from F800 - FFFF. The video display requires only 1920 bytes to render the 80×24 text screen; the remaining memory holds the typeahead buffer and the code that accessed it.

Starting with the S/390 G5 in 1998, IBM mainframes have also included IEEE binary floating-point units which conform to the IEEE 754 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. IEEE decimal floating-point was added to IBM System z9 GA2 in 2007 using millicode and in 2008 to the IBM System z10 in hardware. Modern IBM mainframes support three floating-point radices with 3 hexadecimal (HFP) formats, 3 binary (BFP) formats, and 3 decimal (DFP) formats. There are two floating-point units per core; one supporting HFP and BFP, and one supporting DFP; there is one register file, FPRs, which holds all 3 formats.

Where the Roman model (like most modern Korean and Japanese) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2. Incidentally, this allows use with a hexadecimal numeral system (or any base up to 18) which may have been used for traditional Chinese measures of weight. (Instead of running on wires as in the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese models, the beads of Roman model run in grooves, presumably making arithmetic calculations much slower. Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.

Label of a UMTS router with MAC addresses for LAN and WLAN modules A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Within the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model, MAC addresses are used in the medium access control protocol sublayer of the data link layer. As typically represented, MAC addresses are recognizable as six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens, colons, or without a separator.

His glitch powers were able to replace her masks and her insanity with a real face (which looked exactly like her masks, but was able to move) and more harmless quirkiness. However, she still felt the need to off Herr Doktor and Bunnyfoot vengefully (and comedically) by turning them into biscuits. In the episode End Prog, with the System about to restart, Bob insisted that Phong give Hex an Icon (or PID) to register her with the Principal Office so she would be backed up. Mainframe restarted and a viral scan disinfected all the Virals, but Hexadecimal (with the icon) remained intact, remarking that the scan merely tickled.

A Motorola 68882 FPU The 68020 and 68030 CPUs were designed with the separate 68881 chip in mind. Their instruction sets reserved the "F-line" instructions – that is, all opcodes beginning with the hexadecimal digit "F" could either be forwarded to an external coprocessor or be used as "traps" which would throw an exception, handing control to the computer's operating system. If an FPU is not present in the system, the OS would then either call an FPU emulator to execute the instruction's equivalent using 68020 integer-based software code, return an error to the program, terminate the program, or crash and require a reboot.

If another carry is generated by the correction, another 1 is added to the sum. To calculate the checksum, we can first calculate the sum of each 16 bit value within the header, skipping only the checksum field itself. Note that these values are in hexadecimal notation. `4500 + 0073 + 0000 + 4000 + 4011 + c0a8 + 0001 + c0a8 + 00c7 = 2479C` The first digit is the carry count and is added to the sum: `2 + 479C = 479E` (if another carry is generated by this addition, another 1 must be added to the sum) To obtain the checksum we take the one's complement of this result: `B861` (as shown underlined in the original IP packet header).

This can easily be extended to 128, 256 or 512 KiB if the address pointed to is forced to be aligned on a half-word, word or double-word boundary (but, requiring an additional "shift left" bitwise operation—by 1, 2 or 3 bits—in order to adjust the offset by a factor of 2, 4 or 8, before its addition to the base address). Generally, though, such schemes are a lot of trouble, and for convenience to the programmer absolute addresses (and underlying that, a flat address space) is preferred. A one byte offset, such as the hexadecimal ASCII value of a character (e.g.

Upon interrogation, Mode S transponders transmit information about the aircraft to the SSR system, to TCAS receivers on board aircraft and to the ADS-B SSR system. This information includes the call sign of the aircraft and/or the aircraft's permanent ICAO 24-bit address (which is represented for human interface purposes as six hexadecimal characters.) One of the hidden features of Mode S transponders is that they are backwards compatible; an aircraft equipped with a Mode S transponder can still be used to send replies to Mode A or C interrogations. This feature can be activated by a specific type of interrogation sequence called inter-mode.

A single-board computer with a hex keypad and 7-segment display When the single-board controller formed the entire development environment (typically in education), the board might also have included a simple hexadecimal keypad, calculator-style LED display, and a "monitor" program set permanently in ROM. This monitor allowed machine code programs to be entered directly through the keyboard and held in RAM. These programs were in machine code, not even in assembly language, and were often assembled by hand on paper before being inputted. It is arguable as to which process was more time-consuming and error prone: assembling by hand, or keying byte-by- byte.

Voyage, a classic Razor 1911 Amiga Demo from 1991 The group was founded as Razor 2992 by Doctor No, Insane TTM and Sector9 in Norway in October 1985 as a Commodore 64 software cracking group. Shortly after, they changed from 2992 to 1911 which translates to 777 in hexadecimal. Between 1987 and 1988 the group began to move away from the Commodore 64 and migrated to a new hardware platform, coding demos and cracking games for the Amiga. In the very early 1990s Razor 1911 made another transition, this time to the IBM PC, foremost as a cracking group, but still continuing to release cracktro loaders, demos and music.

Magic packets are sent via the data link or OSI-2 layer, which can be used or abused by anyone on the same LAN, unless the L2 LAN equipment is capable of (and configured for) filtering such traffic to match site-wide security requirements. Firewalls may be used to prevent clients among the public WAN from accessing the broadcast addresses of inside LAN segments, or routers may be configured to ignore subnet-directed broadcasts (see above.) Certain NICs support a security feature called "SecureOn". It allows users to store within the NIC a hexadecimal password of 6 bytes. Clients have to append this password to the magic packet.

Flights also were made to Tunisia and other destinations. In 1972 the company introduced package holidays to Court Line- owned hotels on the Caribbean island of St Lucia, using wide-bodied Court Line Lockheed L-1011 TriStar aircraft, the first to operate in Europe. Always a pioneer, Clarksons installed the very first real-time computer system in the western hemisphere, which handled bookings, flights, and hotels all in one. The system was a UNIVAC 96K 9400 card-reading real-time computer, with a complete terminal using a teletype-like data entry point with hexadecimal data entered by pressing numerous buttons illuminated on the main board.

Now to complete the calculation, this must be applied to each of the four sums in turn. Once this is done, the four summations are put back into the sum to : : 4 \Sigma_1 - 2 \Sigma_2 - \Sigma_3 - \Sigma_4. Since only the fractional part is accurate, extracting the wanted digit requires that one removes the integer part of the final sum and multiplies by 16 to "skim off" the hexadecimal digit at this position (in theory, the next few digits up to the accuracy of the calculations used would also be accurate). This process is similar to performing long multiplication, but only having to perform the summation of some middle columns.

Another way of looking at it is that these are numbers whose hexadecimal representation contains only the digits 0, 1, 4, 5. For instance, 69 = 10114 = 4516. Equivalently, they are the numbers whose binary and negabinary representations are equal.. Plot of the number of sequence elements up to n divided by \sqrt n, on a logarithmic horizontal scale It follows from either the binary or base-4 definitions of these numbers that they grow roughly in proportion to the square numbers. The number of elements in the Moser–de Bruijn sequence that are below any given threshold n is proportional to \sqrt n, a fact which is also true of the square numbers.

The first use of multibyte encodings was for the encoding of Chinese, Japanese and Korean, which have large character sets well in excess of 256 characters. At first the encoding was constrained to the limit of 7 bits. The ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-CN and ISO-2022-KR encodings used the range 21–7E (hexadecimal) for both lead units and trail units, and marked them off from the singletons by using ISO 2022 escape sequences to switch between single-byte and multibyte mode. A total of 8,836 (94×94) characters could be encoded at first, and further sets of 94×94 characters with switching. The ISO 2022 encoding schemes for CJK are still in use on the Internet.

The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware. By default, avrdude is used as the uploading tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.

As in many Myst-like adventure games, the player is an anonymous, silent protagonist—an astronaut who is assigned to replace the late Valeriy Borzov who died during the mission under mysterious conditions, as the introduction explains. The player at first must investigate the area known as "the Plains" and find items that will help solve the logical/mathematical puzzles. Two Raman cities, nicknamed "London" and "Bangkok" by the expedition crew, will be visited in order to learn more about the species that accompany the astronauts. To proceed, the player must solve "complete with the shape which is logically missing" puzzles as well as mathematic exercises in the octal and hexadecimal number systems.

By 1991, XTree had sold over 3 million copies and was released in over a half-dozen languages. Even in its earliest version XTree contained features like listing all files of a branch, including subdirectories, listing of all files on a disk, or viewing a file's contents in text or hexadecimal format (regardless of its file extension), a feature never added to the built-in Windows file manager. XTree was supplemented by the enhanced XTreePro in 1988, which added features for working with multiple disk drives, speed improvements, and brought the keyboard commands more in line with other common DOS programs. A version of XTreePro with Novell NetWare connectivity debuted in late 1988.

Unlike DCC Server, where the handshake is handled over a direct IP connection, DCC REVERSE has a normal CTCP handshake, similar to the one used by DCC SEND. This is not widely implemented. The sender offers a file to the receiver by sending the CTCP message: :`DCC REVERSE ` is a 1 to 50 characters long string of ASCII characters in the range 33 to 126, and acts as an identifier for the transfer. If the receiver accepts, it sends the CTCP reply: :`DCC REVERSE ` Here is the position in the file from which to start sending, is the IP address of the receiver in standard dotted notation for IPv4, or hexadecimal notation for IPv6.

The UTF-8 representation of the BOM is the (hexadecimal) byte sequence `0xEF,0xBB,0xBF`. The Unicode Standard permits the BOM in UTF-8, but does not require or recommend its use. Byte order has no meaning in UTF-8, so its only use in UTF-8 is to signal at the start that the text stream is encoded in UTF-8, or that it was converted to UTF-8 from a stream that contained an optional BOM. The standard also does not recommend removing a BOM when it is there, so that round-tripping between encodings does not lose information, and so that code that relies on it continues to work.

The original btoa program always encoded full groups (padding the source as necessary), with a prefix line of "xbtoa Begin", and suffix line of "xbtoa End", followed by the original file length (in decimal and hexadecimal) and three 32-bit checksums. The decoder needs to use the file length to see how much of the group was padding. The initial proposal for btoa encoding used an encoding alphabet starting at the ASCII space character through "t" inclusive, but this was replaced with an encoding alphabet of "!" to "u" to avoid "problems with some mailers (stripping off trailing blanks)." This program also introduced the special "`z`" short form for an all-zero group.

Since these are non-ASCII characters, Row-based ASCII Compatible Encoding is used. The encoding process is as follows: # Begin with a Thai domain name as input: `ชื่อไทย.คอม` # Convert the Thai characters into their Unicode code points in hexadecimal: `0e0a 0e37 0e48 0e2d 0e44 0e17 0e22 . 0e04 0e2d 0e21` (spaces are added here to show individual code points) `0e0a0e370e480e2d0e440e170e22.0e040e2d0e21` (actual hex string) # Convert the hex characters to binary: `0000 1110 0000 1010 0011 0111 0100 1000 0010 1101 0100 0100 0001 0111 0010 0010 . 0000 1110 0000 0100 0010 1101 0010 0001` (spaces added to show individual hex characters) # Perform a Base32 conversion: `00001 11000 00101 00011 01110 10010 00001 01101 01000 10000 01011 10010 00100 .

The NT1X47 card also contained the 2-digit hexadecimal display to indicate test result codes and the condition of the core. The NT1X48 processor maintenance card contained a thumbwheel on the faceplate to enable various diagnostic tests of the CPU. A later modification of these same five circuit boards with faster pin-compatible discrete logic devices enabled the CPU to operate at 40 MHz allowing central offices to improve call throughput capacity by 10 percent. When the CPU is configured in dual hot standby mode, a mate exchange bus (MEB) between the two CPUs enables the state of one CPU to be continuously compared to that of the other CPU on a cycle by cycle basis.

So a method was developed to enter Unicode in Windows using the hexadecimal code point. To enable it, a user must set or create a string type (REG_SZ) value called `EnableHexNumpad` in the registry key `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Input Method`, assign the value data `1` to it, and then reboot or log out/in. A leading then allows entry of a hex Unicode value (using the main keyboard for –) For example, will produce (e with caron). Many applications, including Word, Wordpad, Excel, and LibreOffice, support a simpler method that works for many characters: typing the hex digits first (inserting them into the document) and then typing to change them into the matching Unicode character.

Multiplying the number 1089 by the integers from 1 to 9 produces a pattern: multipliers adding up to 10 give products that are the digit reversals of each other: : 1 × 1089 = 1089 ↔ 9 × 1089 = 9801 : 2 × 1089 = 2178 ↔ 8 × 1089 = 8712 : 3 × 1089 = 3267 ↔ 7 × 1089 = 7623 : 4 × 1089 = 4356 ↔ 6 × 1089 = 6534 : 5 × 1089 = 5445 ↔ 5 × 1089 = 5445 Also note the patterns within each column: : 1 × 1089 = 1089 : 2 × 1089 = 2178 : 3 × 1089 = 3267 : 4 × 1089 = 4356 : 5 × 1089 = 5445 : 6 × 1089 = 6534 : 7 × 1089 = 7623 : 8 × 1089 = 8712 : 9 × 1089 = 9801 Numbers formed analogously in other bases, e.g. octal 1067 or hexadecimal 10EF, also have these properties.

BIOS Color Attribute is an 8 bit value where the low 4 bits represent the character color and the high 4 bits represent the background color. For example, to print a white character 'A' with black background, the "BIOS Color Attribute" would be set to the hexadecimal value `0x0F`. The highest bit of the color attribute, which is also the highest bit of the background color can take over two functions. It can either have no influence on the background color making text blink when set, effectively limiting the available background colors to only eight, or if intensive background colors are enabled the full 16 colors become available but blinking is no longer available.

An interpreter directive is a computer language construct, that on some systems is better described as an aspect of the system's executable file format, that is used to control which interpreter parses and interprets the instructions in a computer program. In Unix, Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, the first two bytes in a file can be the characters "#!", which constitute a magic number (hexadecimal 23 and 21, the ASCII values of "#" and "!") often referred to as shebang, prefix the first line in a script, with the remainder of the line being a command usually limited to a max of 14 (when introduced) up to usually about 80 characters in 2016.

A measure of quantity of data or information, the "nibble" (sometimes spelled "nybble" or "nybl") is normally equal to 4 bits, or one half of the common 8-bit byte. The nibble is used to describe the amount of memory used to store a digit of a number stored in binary-coded decimal format, or to represent a single hexadecimal digit. Less commonly, 'nibble' may be used for any contiguous portion of a byte of specified length, e.g. "6-bit nibble"; this usage is most likely to be encountered in connection with a hardware architecture in which the word length is not a multiple of 8, such as older 36-bit minicomputers.

Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety-five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete, although a few are still commonly used, such as the carriage return, line feed and tab codes. For example, lowercase i would be represented in the ASCII encoding by binary 1101001 = hexadecimal 69 (i is the ninth letter) = decimal 105.

Numeric literals, like the value 500, were converted into their 16-bit (two-byte) binary representation, in this case, $01F4 hexadecimal. To indicate this was a value and not a keyword, a single byte between $B0 and $B9 was inserted in front of the two-byte value. String literals, like "HELLO WORLD" were instead encoded by setting the high bit of each character so that was stored as $C1. Variable names were converted in the same fashion, with the letters encoded to have their high-bit turned on, and any digits in the name represented by the corresponding $B0 through $B9, so that the variable would be encoded as $C1B5 (not reduced to a token).

A spacecraft command language (or satellite control language, spacecraft control language, Systems Test and Operation Language (STOL), Satellite Test and Operation Language, etc.) is a computer command language for commanding spacecraft mission systems. Ultimately such languages are used to command remote spacecraft with telecommands, but they are also used for development and verification of onboard systems (prototype, engineering model, and flight hardware and software), and of ground systems, prior to launch. Spacecraft command languages are typically written in a format similar to human languages. This is in contrast to telecommand protocols, which are usually binary formats (although they may be displayed in hexadecimal, or broken out into labelled fields by command displays).

This character set was devised by the now extinctLe codage informatique de l'écriture arabe : d'ASMO 449 à Unicode et ISO/CEI 10646 Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization in 1982 to be the 7-bit standard to be used in Arabic-speaking countries. The design of this character set is derived from the 7-bit ISO 646 (version of 1973) but with modifications suited for the Arabic language. In code points ranging from 0x41 to 0x72 (hexadecimal), Latin letters were replaced with Arabic letters. Punctuation marks which were identical in the Latin and Arabic scripts remained the same, but where they differed (comma, semicolon, question mark), the Latin ones were replaced by Arabic ones.

A couple of instructions used this byte for a 1-byte "immediate" operand. The remaining byte(s) were for the displacement(s) or address(es) for operands, or the details for some commands. An example: a simple command, Conditional Jump, a special type of conditional branch (forward only, up to 256 bytes) suitable mainly for jumping over short blocks of code: Op code byte= F2 (this is in hexadecimal, Hex F is binary 1111, Hex 2 (0010) defines the op); Q byte= 00000001 specifies that we "jump" if the condition register has the "equal" bit on; Operand= 00011000: if the condition is met we jump forward 24 bytes. Indicators were binary switches used to control program flow.

Often, the letter is input using a modifier and the s key. The details of the keyboard layout depend on the input language and operating system, such as Ctrl+Alt+s, on some keyboards such as US-International also AltGr+s in Microsoft Windows or Option+s on the US, US-Extended, and UK keyboards in macOS. In Windows, one can also use alt code 0223. Some modern virtual keyboards show ß when the user presses and holds the s key. The HTML entity for ß is `ß`. Its code point in the ISO 8859 character encoding versions 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 and identically in Unicode is 223, or DF in hexadecimal.

The base 1000 is also used (albeit not universally), by grouping the digits and considering a sequence of three decimal digits as a single digit. This is the meaning of the common notation 1,000,234,567 used for very large numbers. In computers, the main numeral systems are based on the positional system in base 2 (binary numeral system), with two binary digits, 0 and 1. Positional systems obtained by grouping binary digits by three (octal numeral system) or four (hexadecimal numeral system) are commonly used. For very large integers, bases 232 or 264 (grouping binary digits by 32 or 64, the length of the machine word) are used, as, for example, in GMP.

Such restrictions helped him understand the importance of a console's sound channels and what would be important to do when composing video game music, so these lessons helped him when he worked on Donkey Kong Country. Wise faced numerous challenges due to the technological restraints of the SNES, such as being unable to directly use a keyboard. As such, Wise composed a "rough" track using the keyboard before transcribing the track in hexadecimal to input in MIDI. Wise had to keep music consistent across the SNES's eight sound channels, noting that if there "was two minutes of music on one of these channels, there had to be exactly two minutes on the other seven channels".

A per-file "type" attribute was added in space previously used to store Load and Execute addresses. The 12 bits of type information is used to denote the contents or intended use of a file, typically presented as three hexadecimal digits. This is similar to the 32-bit type attributes stored in Apple's HFS file system, and conceptually comparable to the more general use of MIME Types by the Be Operating System (BeOS), or magic numbers in Unix systems (though the latter is stored as part of the file, not as metadata). RISC OS brought in E and F format for double-density discs and high-density discs/hard disc drives respectively.

One version of the Sad Mac icon, this one indicating that an illegal instruction occurred. A Sad Mac is a symbol in older-generation Apple Macintosh computers (hardware using the Old World ROM and not Open Firmware, which are those predating onboard USB), starting with the original 128K Macintosh and ending with the last NuBus-based Power Macintosh models (including the first-generation 6100, 7100, 8100, as well as the PowerBook 5300 and 1400), to indicate a severe hardware or software problem that prevented startup from occurring successfully. The Sad Mac icon is displayed, along with a set of hexadecimal codes that indicate the type of problem at startup. Different codes are for different errors.

In general, an existence proof does not provide an algorithm for computing the existing quotient and remainder, but the above proof does immediately provide an algorithm (see Division algorithm#Division by repeated subtraction), even though it is not a very efficient one as it requires as many steps as the size of the quotient. This is related to the fact that it uses only additions, subtractions and comparisons of integers, without involving multiplication, nor any particular representation of the integers such as decimal notation. In terms of decimal notation, long division provides a much more efficient algorithm for solving Euclidean divisions. Its generalization to binary and hexadecimal notation provides further flexibility and possibility for computer implementation.

6to4 address For any 32-bit global IPv4 address that is assigned to a host, a 48-bit 6to4 IPv6 prefix can be constructed for use by that host (and if applicable the network behind it) by appending the IPv4 address to . For example, the global IPv4 address has the corresponding 6to4 prefix . This gives a prefix length of 48 bits, which leaves room for a 16-bit subnet field and 64 bit host addresses within the subnets. Any IPv6 address that begins with the prefix (in other words, any address with the first two octets of 2002 hexadecimal) is known as a 6to4 address, as opposed to a native IPv6 address which does not systematically use transition technologies.

The memory map of the Model I and III render them incompatible with the standard CP/M OS for Z80 business computers, which loads at hexadecimal address $0000 with TPA (Transient Program Area) starting at $0100; the TRS-80 ROM resides in this address space. Omikron Systems' Mappers board remaps the ROM to run unmodified CP/M programs on the Model I. A customized version of CP/M is available, but loses its portability advantage.Theresa Welsh, David Welsh Priming the Pump: How TRS-80 Enthusiasts Helped Spark the PC Revolution, The Seeker Books, 2007,, Chapter 2 The DOS Wars 80 Micro magazine published a do-it-yourself CP/M modification for the Model III.

The bug was an error in the return value of the `GetUpdateRect()` function, whereby in certain situations (where the entire window was invalid) it would return the coördinates of the update rectangle in window coördinates, rather than in logical coördinates as it was supposed to. In Windows 3.1, it always returned the update rectangle in logical coördinates. The applications that worked around the bug would perform the coördinate transform themselves to work around the bug, and end up updating the wrong parts of their windows on Windows 3.1. ;One graphic band and use print escapes:This is bit #2 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x4`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_ONELANDGRXBAND` in .

This flag causes Windows 3.1 to use a single graphics band when printing in Landscape mode, consuming as much memory as needed for that band, and discarding whatever content would not fit into the band. ;Subtract clip siblings:This is bit #14 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x4000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_SUBTRACTCLIPSIBS` in . This flag causes Windows 3.1 to handle window invalidation differently for top-level windows that do not have the `WS_CLIPSIBLINGS` window style set, and their child windows. (In other words: It affects dialogue boxes and the controls on them.) With the flag set, Windows would not invalidate sibling child windows underneath (in the z-order) other `WS_CLIPSIBLINGS` child windows.

MkCompat (Make Compatible) Advanced Options The flags are documented in Microsoft KnowledgeBase article #82860. They correspond to the "advanced mode" flags that are settable by Make Compatible's "Advanced Options" menu: ;30 average width metrics:This is bit #19 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x80000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_30AVGWIDTH` in . This flag causes Windows to re-scale all fonts by a factor of 7/8 when calculating their average character widths. The reason for this is that one particular Windows 3.0 application, TurboTax, hard-coded the values that it was using for such size calculations, which failed to work correctly with the new TrueType- compatible font average width calculation method employed by Windows 3.1.

The Amdahl 470V/6 and related CPUs supported four hexadecimal digits on those CPUs which had the optional second channel unit installed, for a total of 32 channels. Later, IBM would also support more than 16 channels. The IPL function in the System/360 and its successors, and its compatibles such as Amdahl's, reads 24 bytes from an operator-specified device into main storage starting at real address zero. The second and third groups of eight bytes are treated as Channel Command Words (CCWs) to continue loading the startup program (the first CCW is always simulated by the CPU and consists of a Read IPL command, , with command chaining and suppress incorrect length indication being enforced).

Teletext information is broadcast in the vertical blanking interval between image frames in a broadcast television signal, in numbered "pages." Teletext allows up to eight 'magazines' to be broadcast, identified by the first digit of the three-digit page number (1–8). Within each magazine there may theoretically be up to 256 pages at a given time, numbered in hexadecimal and prefixed with the magazine number – for example, magazine 2 may contain pages numbered 200-2FF. In practice, however, non-decimal page numbers are rarely used as domestic Teletext receivers will not have options to select hex values A-F, with such numbered pages only occasionally used for 'special' pages of interest to the broadcaster and not intended for public view.

In computer science, an integer literal is a kind of literal for an integer whose value is directly represented in source code. For example, in the assignment statement `x = 1`, the string `1` is an integer literal indicating the value 1, while in the statement `x = 0x10` the string `0x10` is an integer literal indicating the value 16, which is represented by `10` in hexadecimal (indicated by the `0x` prefix). By contrast, in `x = cos(0)`, the expression `cos(0)` evaluates to 1 (as the cosine of 0), but the value 1 is not literally included in the source code. More simply, in `x = 2 + 2,` the expression `2 + 2` evaluates to 4, but the value 4 is not literally included.

Set the most significant bit on each byte except the last byte. The number zero is encoded as a single byte 0x00. As an example, here is how the unsigned number 624485 gets encoded: MSB ------------------ LSB 10011000011101100101 In raw binary 010011000011101100101 Padded to a multiple of 7 bits 0100110 0001110 1100101 Split into 7-bit groups 00100110 10001110 11100101 Add high 1 bits on all but last (most significant) group to form bytes 0x26 0x8E 0xE5 In hexadecimal → 0xE5 0x8E 0x26 Output stream (LSB to MSB) Unsigned LEB128 and VLQ (variable-length quantity) both compress any given integer into not only the same number of bits, but exactly the same bits—the two formats differ only in exactly how those bits are arranged.

The presence of an IBM PC compatible boot loader for x86-CPUs in the boot sector is by convention indicated by a two-byte hexadecimal sequence called the boot sector signature ( at fixed offset and at ) for sector sizes of 512 bytes or more. For 512 byte sectors, the boot sector signature also marks the end of the sector. VBRs on smaller and larger sectors may show signatures at the end of the actual sector size as well, however, the semantics described herein apply to the 16-bit signature at only. This signature indicates the presence of at least a dummy boot loader which is safe to be executed, even if it may not be able to actually load an operating system.

This would also mean that no countermeasures could be taken by Sony without rendering old software useless, as there would be no distinction between official and homebrew software. On January 3, 2011, geohot published the aforementioned private key, represented in hexadecimal as 46 DC EA D3 17 FE 45 D8 09 23 EB 97 E4 95 64 10 D4 CD B2 C2, as well as a Hello world program for the PS3. (original GeoHot posting to psx-scene with key and hello world program) On January 12, 2011, Sony Computer Entertainment America filed lawsuits against both fail0verflow and geohot for violations of the DMCA and CFAA. The suit against geohot was settled at the end of March, 2011, with geohot agreeing to a permanent injunction.

Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by the different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets. When transmitted in Shift JIS on NTT DoCoMo, emoji symbols are specified as a two-byte sequence in the range F89F through F9FC (as expressed in hexadecimal). Emoji pictograms on au by KDDI are specified using the IMG tag, encoded in Shift JIS between F340 and F7FC, or encoded in extended JIS X 0208 between 7521 and 7B73. SoftBank Mobile emoji support colors and animation, and use different formats on 2G versus 3G: in the 2G format, they are encoded in sequences using the and control characters, whereas in the 3G format, they are encoded in Shift JIS between F741 and FBDE.

As a computer novice in the target market of the Macintosh, she easily grasped the Twiggy-based Macintosh prototype which "felt like a magical leap forward" for art design. She preferred it over the Apple II and was amazed and excited by the computer screen's design capability to undo, redo, and iterate an icon or letterform while seeing it simultaneously at enlarged and 100% target sizes. She immediately embraced Bill Atkinson's existing rudimentary graphics software tools and applications, to toggle pixels on and off and convert the resulting images to hexadecimal code for keyboard input. More advanced graphical tools were written for her by Hertzfeld, and she embellished the flagship application MacPaint's user interface while the programmers matured it to become her primary tool.

In the initial versions of SGML and HTML, numeric character references were interpreted in relationship to the document character encoding, rather than Unicode. For Latin-script documents, numeric character references to characters between x80 and x9F in those documents will not be correct against Unicode, and must be recoded. HTML standards prior to HTML 4 only supported Western Latin script documents: the treatment of character references above #7F may vary between applications and national conventions. For example, as mentioned above, the correct numeric character reference for the Euro sign "€" `U+20AC` when using Unicode is decimal `€` and hexadecimal `€`. However, if using tools supporting obsolete implementations of HTML, the reference `€` (Euro in Cp1252 code page) or `¤` (Euro in ISO/IEC 8859-15 ) may work.

Digital Color Meter is a utility for measuring and displaying the color values of pixels displayed on the screen of a Macintosh computer. The utility presents a "window" onto the screen which includes a cursor which by default is 1 × 1 pixel in size. The color displayed in that pixel is shown as a color value which may be represented as decimal or hexadecimal RGB triplets, CIE 1931, CIE 1976 or CIELAB triplets or a Tristimulus triplet. The displayed color could be copied either as a solid color or as the color value which represents it, to be used in other applications (for instance an RGB triplet may be used in a color specification to be used on a World Wide Web page).

INT 13h is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 13hex, the 20th interrupt vector in an x86-based (IBM PC-descended) computer system. The BIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides sector-based hard disk and floppy disk read and write services using cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing. Modern PC BIOSes also include INT 13h extension functions, originated by IBM and Microsoft in 1992, that provide those same disk access services using 64-bit LBA addressing; with minor additions, these were quasi- standardized by Phoenix Technologies and others as the EDD (Enhanced Disk Drive) BIOS extensions. INT is an x86 instruction that triggers a software interrupt, and 13hex is the interrupt number (as a hexadecimal value) being called.

Each drive manufacturer defines a set of attributes, and sets threshold values beyond which attributes should not pass under normal operation. Each attribute has a raw value that can be a decimal or a hexadecimal value, whose meaning is entirely up to the drive manufacturer (but often corresponds to counts or a physical unit, such as degrees Celsius or seconds), a normalized value, which ranges from 1 to 253 (with 1 representing the worst case and 253 representing the best) and a worst value, which represents the lowest recorded normalized value. The initial default value of attributes is 100 but can vary between manufacturer. Manufacturers that have implemented at least one S.M.A.R.T. attribute in various products include Samsung, Seagate, IBM (Hitachi), Fujitsu, Maxtor, Toshiba, Intel, sTec, Inc.

Base64 encoding can be helpful when fairly lengthy identifying information is used in an HTTP environment. For example, a database persistence framework for Java objects might use Base64 encoding to encode a relatively large unique id (generally 128-bit UUIDs) into a string for use as an HTTP parameter in HTTP forms or HTTP GET URLs. Also, many applications need to encode binary data in a way that is convenient for inclusion in URLs, including in hidden web form fields, and Base64 is a convenient encoding to render them in a compact way. Using standard Base64 in URL requires encoding of '`+`', '`/`' and '`=`' characters into special percent-encoded hexadecimal sequences ('`+`' becomes '`%2B`', '`/`' becomes '`%2F`' and '`=`' becomes '`%3D`'), which makes the string unnecessarily longer.

The offer of a so- called Knuth reward check worth "one hexadecimal dollar" (100HEX base 16 cents, in decimal, is $2.56) for any errors found, and the correction of these errors in subsequent printings, has contributed to the highly polished and still-authoritative nature of the work, long after its first publication. Another characteristic of the volumes is the variation in the difficulty of the exercises. Knuth even has a numerical difficulty scale for rating those exercises, varying from 0 to 50, where 0 is trivial, and 50 is an open question in contemporary research. Knuth's dedication reads: > This series of books is affectionately dedicated > to the Type 650 computer once installed at > Case Institute of Technology, > with whom I have spent many pleasant evenings.

The ERCS(Extended Reference Concrete Syntax) project of the SPREAD (Standardization Project Regarding East Asian Documents) project of the ISO- related China/Japan/Korea Document Processing expert group was the basis of XML 1.0's naming rules; SPREAD also introduced hexadecimal numeric character references and the concept of references to make available all Unicode characters. To support ERCS, XML and HTML better, the SGML standard IS 8879 was revised in 1996 and 1998 with WebSGML Adaptations. The XML header followed that of ISO HyTime. Ideas that developed during discussion that are novel in XML included the algorithm for encoding detection and the encoding header, the processing instruction target, the xml:space attribute, and the new close delimiter for empty-element tags.

Arriving on a crime scene, where the murder victim appears to be strangled in his apartment, the Masked Raider asks Matt Murdock and Elektra Natchios for help to investigate, but Matt calls Jessica Jones instead who deduces the victim's apartment has a photo with the phrase "2Faced" written, along with a large code of numbers and a familiar star brand. Jessica calls for Carol Danvers, who delivers this information to T'Challa, who leads her to Adam Brashear. Adam deduces that "2Faced" is hiding a hexadecimal number, so Dwayne Taylor calls Richard Rider, with no avail. Therefore, the Agents of Atlas search for Amadeus Cho, who becomes the target from the public eye after talking with Bruce Banner, who has declared war against corporations like Roxxon.

XOP is a revised subset of what was originally intended as SSE5. It was changed to be similar but not overlapping with AVX, parts that overlapped with AVX were removed or moved to separate standards such as FMA4 (floating-point vector multiply–accumulate) and CVT16 (Half-precision floating-point conversion implemented as F16C by Intel). All SSE5 instructions that were equivalent or similar to instructions in the AVX and FMA4 instruction sets announced by Intel have been changed to use the coding proposed by Intel. Integer instructions without equivalents in AVX were classified as the XOP extension. The XOP instructions have an opcode byte 8F (hexadecimal), but otherwise almost identical coding scheme as AVX with the 3-byte VEX prefix.

Disk editor on Atari 8-bit SpartaDOS X system A disk editor is a computer program that allows its user to read, edit, and write raw data (at character or hexadecimal, byte-levels) on disk drives (e.g., hard disks, USB flash disks or removable media such as a floppy disks); as such, they are sometimes called sector editors, since the read/write routines built into the electronics of most disk drives require to read/write data in chunks of sectors (usually 512 bytes). Many disk editors can also be used to edit the contents of a running computer's memory or a disk image. Unlike hex editors, which are used to edit files, a disk editor allows access to the underlying disk structures, such as the MBR, volume boot records, file system, and directories.

A text processing application that deals with the variable-width encoding must then scan the text from the beginning of all definitive sequences in order to identify the various units and interpret the text correctly. In such encodings, one is liable to encounter false positives when searching for a string in the middle of the text. For example, if the hexadecimal values DE, DF, E0, and E1 can all be either lead units or trail units, then a search for the two-unit sequence DF E0 can yield a false positive in the sequence DE DF E0 E1, which consists of two consecutive two-unit sequences. There is also the danger that a single corrupted or lost unit may render the whole interpretation of a large run of multiunit sequences incorrect.

While YS is often thought of as primarily a games magazine, throughout its life it hosted a variety of technical columns, mainly dedicated to programming technique. Program Pitstop, first hosted by David McCandless, then Jonathan Davies and finally Craig Broadbent, contained type-in programs and was one of the last columns of its kind, a remnant of an era when computer magazines would dedicate entire sections to BASIC program listings. Most of the programs were in Sinclair BASIC, although some were in hexadecimal machine code, for which a special interpreter, the Hex Loader, was written. It replaced the pull-out section Program Power; the main difference was that Program Pitstop mainly included listings for utility programs and demos (for example, a level editor for games such as Atari's Gauntlet), while Program Power also included games.

Beyond the feature set of the HP-16C, this package also supports calculations for binary, octal, and hexadecimal floating-point numbers in scientific notation in addition to the usual decimal floating-point numbers.) (NB. Beyond the HP-16C feature set this custom library for the HP-41CX extends the functionality of the calculator by about 50 additional functions.) (NB. HP-11C/12C/15C/16C microcode emulator package for HP 48S/48SX/48G/48GX/48G+/49G.) In 2012, SwissMicros (aka RPN-Calc) introduced a miniature clone named DM-16CC approximating the size of an ID-1 credit card (88 mm × 59 mm × 7 mm). It closely emulates the functionality of the original HP-16C by running the original ROM image in an emulator on an ARM Cortex-M0-based NXP LPC1114 processor.

The latest version of GNU Units, 2.19, was released on 31 May 2019, to reflect the new 2019 revision of the SI; Version 2.14 released on 8 March 2017 fixed several minor bugs and improved support for building on Windows. Version 2.10, released on 26 March 2014, added support for rational exponents greater than one, and added the ability to save an interactive session in a file to provide a record of the conversions performed. Beginning with version 2.10, a 32-bit Windows binary distribution has been available on the project Web page (a 32-bit Windows port of version 1.87 has been available since 2008 as part of the GnuWin32 project). Version 2.02, released on 11 July 2013, added hexadecimal floating- point output and two other options to simplify changing the output format.

Beyond the feature set of the HP-16C, this package also supports calculations for binary, octal, and hexadecimal floating-point numbers in scientific notation in addition to the usual decimal floating-point numbers.) This is closely related to the base-2 floating-point representation commonly used in computer arithmetic, and the usage of IEC binary prefixes (e.g. 1B10 for 1×210 (kibi), 1B20 for 1×220 (mebi), 1B30 for 1×230 (gibi), 1B40 for 1×240 (tebi)). Similar to B (or b), the letters H (or h) and O (or o, or C) are sometimes also used to indicate times 16 or 8 to the power as in 1.25 = = 1.40H0 = 1.40h0, or 98000 = = 2.7732o5 = 2.7732C5. Another similar convention to denote base-2 exponents is using a letter P (or p, for "power").

At a minimum, if the CPU, BIOS, and the I/O interface upon which the POST card relies are all working, a POST card can be used to monitor the system's Power-On Self Test (POST), or to diagnose problems with it. The system introduced on IBM PC computers sends 8-bit byte codes (usually displayed as two hexadecimal digits) to a specified I/O port (usually 80 hex) during startup, some indicating a stage in the startup procedure, others identifying errors. The description for each code must be looked up in a table for the particular BIOS. For example, for the 1984 IBM PC/AT code 1D is issued when about to Determine Memory Size Above 1024K, and code 2D in the event of 8042 Keyboard Controller Failure, 105 System Error.

The structure of MNG files is essentially the same as that of PNG files, differing only in the slightly different signature (`8A 4D 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A` in hexadecimal, where `4D 4E 47` is ASCII for "MNG" – see Portable Network Graphics: File header) and the use of a much greater variety of chunks to support all the animation features that it provides. Images to be used in the animation are stored in the MNG file as encapsulated PNG or JNG images. Two versions of MNG of reduced complexity are also defined: MNG-LC (low complexity) and MNG-VLC (very low complexity). These allow applications to include some level of MNG support without having to implement the entire MNG specification, just as the SVG standard offers the "SVG Basic" and "SVG Tiny" subsets.

In a duodecimal place system, twelve is written as 10 but there are numerous proposals for how to write ten and eleven. To allow entry on typewriters, letters such as A and B (as in hexadecimal), T and E (initials of Ten and Eleven), X and E (X from the Roman numeral for ten), or X and Z are used. Some employ Greek letters such as δ (standing for Greek δέκα 'ten') and ε (for Greek ένδεκα 'eleven'), or τ and ε. Frank Emerson Andrews, an early American advocate for duodecimal, suggested and used in his book New Numbers an X and ℰ (script E, ). Edna Kramer in her 1951 book The Main Stream of Mathematics used a six-pointed asterisk (sextile) ⚹ and a hash (or octothorpe) #.

Ensoniq later made an alternative OS available called MASOS which trades off performance features for editing features, including the ability to copy an upper sound to a lower sound and vice versa. Using a feature called multi-sampling, the Mirage is also capable of assigning multiple samples to different keys across its keyboard. Using this technique, the Mirage essentially turns into a polyphonic mult-timbral MIDI sound module complete with a velocity-sensitive keyboard that can be used to drive other MIDI sound modules as well its own sound engine. The Mirage sampler has become a minor sought-after item due to the distinctive sound of its low bitrate converters, although not as desirable as similar-sounding samplers such as Akai's MPC60 and S900 due to its complex hexadecimal-based programming.

It was a long way from being a mass-market product. Its very name – MK standing for "Microcomputer Kit" – was indicative of its origins as a product developed by, and for, hobbyists. It had no screen but instead used an LED segment display (though Science of Cambridge did produce an add-on module allowing it to be hooked up to a UHF TV); it had no case, consisting of an exposed circuit board; it had no built-in storage capabilities and only 256 bytes of memory; and input was via a 20-key hexadecimal keyboard.MK14 advertisement (1978) Despite the limitations of the machine it sold a respectable 10–15,000 units; by comparison, the much more expensive Apple II had only sold 9,000 units in the United States, a much bigger market, in 1978.

The ASCII "escape" character (octal: , hexadecimal: , or , or, in decimal, ) is used in many output devices to start a series of characters called a control sequence or escape sequence. Typically, the escape character was sent first in such a sequence to alert the device that the following characters were to be interpreted as a control sequence rather than as plain characters, then one or more characters would follow to specify some detailed action, after which the device would go back to interpreting characters normally. For example, the sequence of , followed by the printable characters , would cause a DEC VT102 terminal to move its cursor to the 10th cell of the 2nd line of the screen. This was later developed to ANSI escape codes covered by the ANSI X3.64 standard.

When MDC-2 uses the DES block cipher, the 128-bit (16-byte) MDC-2 hashes are typically represented as 32-digit hexadecimal numbers. A_1is chosen as the 8-byte string 5252525252525252 and B_1is chosen as the 8-byte string 2525252525252525 (written as hexdigits). Additionally, before each iteration the first byte A[0] of A recalculated as (A[0] & 0x9f) ^ 0x20 and the first byte B[0] of B is recalculated as (A[0] & 0x9f) ^ 0x20. The following demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input (which is padded with five zero-bytes so its length is a multiple of the DES block size of 8 bytes) and the corresponding MDC-2 hash: MDC2("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy og") = 000ed54e093d61679aefbeae05bfe33a Even a small change in the message will (with probability) result in a completely different hash, e.g.

Since the aim of a multibyte encoding system is to minimise changes to existing application software, some characters must retain their pre-existing single- unit codes, even while other characters have multiple units in their codes. The result is that there are three sorts of units in a variable-width encoding: singletons, which consist of a single unit, lead units, which come first in a multiunit sequence, and trail units, which come afterwards in a multiunit sequence. Input and display software obviously needs to know about the structure of the multibyte encoding scheme but other software generally doesn't need to know if a pair of bytes represent two separate characters or just one character. For example, the four character string "I♥NY" is encoded in UTF-8 like this (shown as hexadecimal byte values): 49 E2 99 A5 4E 59.

The lead units and trail units were in the range A1 to FE (hexadecimal), that is, the same as their range in the ISO 2022 encodings, but with the high bit set to 1. These encodings were reasonably easy to work with provided all your delimiters were ASCII characters and you avoided truncating strings to fixed lengths, but a break in the middle of a multibyte character could still cause major corruption. On the PC (DOS and Microsoft Windows platforms), two encodings became established for Japanese and Traditional Chinese in which all of singletons, lead units and trail units overlapped: Shift-JIS and Big5 respectively. In Shift-JIS, lead units had the range 81–9F and E0–FC, trail units had the range 40–7E and 80–FC, and singletons had the range 21–7E and A1–DF.

The CDI-40 was historically recommended as context dependent identifier that was formed by concatenating the 24-bit OUI with a 16-bit extension or by concatenating a 36-bit OUI-36 with a 4-bit extension. In either case, the extension was assigned by the organization that purchased the OUI. The resulting identifier was generally represented as a set of octets separated by dashes (hexadecimal notation) or colons (bit-reversed notation) as in FF-FF-FF-FF-FF or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, as a string of 5 bytes as in {FF,FF,FF,FF,FF}, or as a base 16 number as in FFFFFFFFFF16. Note: There were also IAB based CDI-40 sequences that were formed by combining the 36-bit IEEE assigned IAB base value with the 4-bit extension identifier assigned by the organization – e.g.

In April 2007, a group of companies that used Advanced Access Content System (AACS) encryption issued cease-and-desist letters demanding that the system's 128-bit (16-byte) numerical key (represented in hexadecimal as 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0) to be removed from several high-profile websites, including Digg. With the numerical key and along with some software, it was possible to decrypt the video content on new DVDs. This led to the key's proliferation across other sites and chat rooms in various formats, with one commentator describing it as having become "the most famous number on the Internet". Within a month, the key had been reprinted on over 280,000 pages, had been printed on T-shirts and tattoos, and had appeared on YouTube in a song played over 45,000 times.

IRCX (Internet Relay Chat eXtensions) is an extension to the IRC protocol, developed by Microsoft. IRCX defines ways to use SASL authentication to authenticate securely to the server, channel properties/metadata, multilingual support that can be queried using the enhanced "LISTX" command (to find a channel in your language), an additional user level (so there are three levels: owners, hosts, and voices), specific IRC operator levels, and full support for UTF-8 (in nicknames, channel names, and so on). IRCX is fully backwards compatible with IRC; the new features are downgraded to something a standard IRC client can see (and UTF-8 nicknames are converted to hexadecimal). IRCX was originally supported on Microsoft Exchange 5.5 (in place of the old Microsoft Chat protocol, which is a binary protocol) and a module was available for Microsoft Exchange 2000.

The Record Ready (Arm Tracks) message will record-enable tracks. It is formatted (all numbers hexadecimal): F0 7F 06 40 4F F7 length1: number of bytes between length1 and F7 length2: number of bytes in the track bitmap track-bitmap: Each track is assigned a bit in the track bitmap. To set a track, you must know both the byte in which the track's bit lives, and also the bit corresponding to that track. Note that each byte can only hold 7 tracks. Track 1: byte 1 + 0x20 Track 2: byte 1 + 0x40 Track 3: byte 2 + 0x01 Track 4: byte 2 + 0x02 Track 5: byte 2 + 0x04 Track 6: byte 2 + 0x08 Track 7: byte 2 + 0x10 Track 8: byte 2 + 0x20 Track 9: byte 2 + 0x40 Track 10: byte 3 + 0x01 and so on.

The ERMETH had (in contrast to the Z4) a classical Von-Neumann-Architecture, i.e. it was a calculating machine in which program and processed data were stored in the same main memory; thus, numbers, as well as program parts, could be processed automatically. The ERMETH was designed for numerical calculations and worked in true decimal (not dual or hexadecimal) and had instructions for all four basic arithmetic operations with floating-point and fixed-point numbers, but not for processing letters. At the start of operation (1956), it consisted of devices (hardware) and stored user programs (software), but had no operating system, so that each user had to first read in his program, which had already been prepared on punch cards in machine language and then start it by setting the program counter to the first command.

There are two different ways in which each of the digraphs tsvey vovn, vov yud, and tsvey yudn can be typed on Yiddish and Hebrew keyboards (which are both commonly used for the production of Yiddish text). If the digraph appears on a single key, as is normal in a Yiddish keyboard layout, pressing that key will produce a single-character ligature. In the Unicode code chart the HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV appears in position U+05F0, the HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD at U+05F1, and the HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD at U+05F2 (where the "U+" indicates that the numerical position of the character in the Unicode chart is given by following four hexadecimal digits). These ligatures are, however, frequently missing from Hebrew keyboards — a characteristic inherited from the similarly differentiated Yiddish and Hebrew typewriter layouts.

In this case, a number indicating failure can be identified by starting with hexadecimal figure 8 or higher. HRESULTs were originally defined in the IBM/Microsoft OS/2 operating system as a general purpose error return code, and subsequently adopted in Windows NT. Microsoft Visual Basic substantially enhanced the HRESULT error reporting mechanisms, by associating an `IErrorInfo` object with an HRESULT error code, by storing a pointer to an IErrorInfo COM object in thread-local storage. The IErrorInfo mechanism allows programs to associate a broad variety of information with a particular HRESULT error: the class of the object that raised the error, the interface of the object that raised the error, error text; and a link to a help topic in a help file. In addition, receivers of an HRESULT error can obtain localized text for the error message on demand.

It displayed the output from the three register read heads, one above the other, allowing the operator to "see" and actually read the bits. Horizontal and vertical size controls let the operator adjust the display to match a plastic overlay engraved with the bit numbers. To read bits the operator counted the up- and down-transitions of the oscilloscope trace. Unlike other machines of its day, internal data was represented in hexadecimal as opposed to octal, but being a very inexpensive machine it used the physical typewriter keys that correspond to positions 10 to 15 in the type basket for the six non-decimal characters (as opposed to the current practice of A – F) to represent those values, resulting in 0 – 9 f g j k q w, which was remembered using the phrase "FiberGlass Javelins Kill Quite Well".

The PDP-11's 16-bit addresses can address 64 KB. By the time the PDP-11 yielded to the VAX, 8-bit bytes and hexadecimal notation were becoming standard in the industry; however, numeric values on the PDP-11 always use octal notation, and the amount of memory attached to a PDP-11 is always stated as a number of words. The basic logical address space is 32K words, but the high 4K of physical address space (addresses 160000 through 177777 in the absence of memory management) are not populated because input/output registers on the bus respond to addresses in that range. So originally, a fully loaded PDP-11 had 28K words. The processor reserves low memory addresses for two-word vectors that give a program counter and processor status word with which to begin a service routine.

This flag fixes a particular problem with cc:Mail that caused it to fail on Windows 3.1. It assumed that accessing the first window with `GetWindow(HWND,GW_HWND_FIRST)` would return it the window of the application that it had just started with `WinExec()`. But on Windows 3.1, which introduced the idea of "topmost" windows, this was no longer true. The flag caused Windows 3.1 to skip topmost windows when that particular API request was made. ;Module specific hack: ;No HRGN 1:This is bit #16 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x10000`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_NOHRGN1` in . This flag reinstates a bug that existed in Windows 3.0 that was fixed in Windows 3.1. It did so because several applications, such as Microsoft Draw, worked around the bug themselves, and would fail to work correctly when the bug was eliminated.

While sigils are applied to names (identifiers), similar prefixes and suffixes can be applied to literals, notably integer literals and string literals, specifying either how the literal should be evaluated, or what data type it is. For example, `0x10ULL` evaluates to the value 16 as an unsigned long long integer in C++: the `0x` prefix indicates hexadecimal, while the suffix `ULL` indicates unsigned long long. Similarly, prefixes are often used to indicate a raw string, such as `r"C:\Windows"` in Python, which represents the string with value `C:\Windows`; as an escaped string this would be written as `"C:\\Windows"`. As this affects the semantics (value) of a literal, rather than the syntax or semantics of an identifier (name), this is neither stropping (identifier syntax) nor a sigil (identifier semantics), but it is syntactically similar.

The 128-bit (16-byte) MD5 hashes (also termed message digests) are typically represented as a sequence of 32 hexadecimal digits. The following demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input and the corresponding MD5 hash: MD5("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") = 9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6 Even a small change in the message will (with overwhelming probability) result in a mostly different hash, due to the avalanche effect. For example, adding a period to the end of the sentence: MD5("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") = e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0 The hash of the zero-length string is: MD5("") = d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e The MD5 algorithm is specified for messages consisting of any number of bits; it is not limited to multiples of eight bits (octets, bytes). Some MD5 implementations such as md5sum might be limited to octets, or they might not support streaming for messages of an initially undetermined length.

One popular system, used in Hashcash, uses partial hash inversions to prove that work was done, as a goodwill token to send an e-mail. For instance, the following header represents about 252 hash computations to send a message to `[email protected]` on January 19, 2038: X-Hashcash: 1:52:380119:[email protected]:::9B760005E92F0DAE It is verified with a single computation by checking that the SHA-1 hash of the stamp (omit the header name `X-Hashcash:` including the colon and any amount of whitespace following it up to the digit '1') begins with 52 binary zeros, that is 13 hexadecimal zeros: 0000000000000756af69e2ffbdb930261873cd71 Whether PoW systems can actually solve a particular denial-of-service issue such as the spam problem is subject to debate; the system must make sending spam emails obtrusively unproductive for the spammer, but should also not prevent legitimate users from sending their messages.

Internet users began circulating versions of this image, calling it the Free Speech Flag, in blog posts on dozens of websites and as user avatars on forums such as Digg. The first fifteen bytes of the 09 F9 key are contained in the RGB encoding of the five colors, with each color providing three bytes of the key. The byte "C0" is appended in the lower right corner. A controversy surrounding the AACS cryptographic key arose in April 2007 when the Motion Picture Association of America and the Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS LA) began issuing cease and desist letters to websites publishing a 128-bit (16-byte) number, represented in hexadecimal as 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0 (commonly referred to as 09 F9), a cryptographic key for HD DVDs and Blu-ray Discs.

The Motorola 6800 microprocessor was the first for which an undocumented assembly mnemonic HCF became widely known. The operation codes (opcodes—the portions of the machine language instructions that specify an operation to be performed)—hexadecimal 9D and DD, and were reported and given the unofficial mnemonic HCF in an article written by Gerry Wheeler in the December 1977 issue of BYTE magazine on undocumented opcodes. Wheeler noted that Motorola reported 197 valid operation codes for the M6800 processor, and so inferred that with 256 possible 8 bit combinations, there must be 59 "invalid instructions". He goes on to describe the HCF as a "big surprise", and saying of the Catch Fire portion of the moniker, "Well, almost": The process is reviewed by David Agans, thus: That is, either opcode made the processor enter a mode, continuously performing memory read cycles from successive addresses with no intervening instruction fetches.

Hatched coat of arms as shown in the 2017 legislation The 2017 law defines the "Swiss coat of arms" (German: Schweizerwappen) formally the "Coat of Arms of the Swiss Confederation" (, , ) as "a Swiss cross in a triangular shield". The Swiss cross (, , ) is defined as :"a white, upright, free-standing cross depicted against a red background, whose arms, which are all of equal size, are one-sixth longer than they are wide." The shape of the "triangular shield" is defined by means of an image given in an annex to article 2. The color red to be used is specified in the same annex as: :CMYK 0 / 100 / 100 / 0 :Pantone 485 C or 485 U :RGB 255 / 0 / 0 Hexadecimal #FF0000 :Scotchcal 100 -13 :RAL 3020 Traffic red :NCS S 1085-Y90R The triangular shield has been in use by the federal administration since the first half of the 20th century.

After the end of the third season, two TV movies were produced in 2001: Daemon Rising, which addressed the problem the Guardians were facing in season three (and used much of Terabyte Rising), and My Two Bobs, which brings back a corroded and mutated Megabyte in a cliffhanger ending. The two movies, broken up into eight episodes in its U.S. run on Cartoon Network's Toonami, revealed much of Mainframe's history, including the formation of Lost Angles, Bob's arrival in the system, and the origin of Megabyte and Hexadecimal. The films end with Megabyte in control of the Principal Office, and the characters scattered and about to be hunted down. It is revealed that the nulls still possess their old sentience and intelligence: The heroes manage to put the null that was once Dot's father into a robot, enabling him to move and speak like he used to.

The EUI-64 is an identifier that is formed by concatenating the 24-bit OUI with a 40-bit extension identifier that is assigned by the organization that purchased the OUI – the resulting identifier is generally represented as a set of octets separated by dashes (hexadecimal notation) or colons (bit-reversed notation) as in FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, as a string of 8 bytes as in {FF,FF,FF,FF,FF,FF,FF,FF}, or as a base 16 number as in FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF16. Note: According to the IEEE guidelines, the first four digits of the organizationally assigned identifier (i.e., the first four digits of the extension identifier) portion of an EUI-64 “shall not be FFFE16 or FFFF16” (i.e., EUI-64 identifiers of the form and are not allowed) – this is to support the encapsulation of EUI-48 (FFFE16) and MAC-48 (FFFF16) values into EUI-64 values (though now the encapsulation is deprecated).

In order to work around the limitations of legacy encodings, HTML is designed such that it is possible to represent characters from the whole of Unicode inside an HTML document by using a numeric character reference: a sequence of characters that explicitly spell out the Unicode code point of the character being represented. A character reference takes the form `&#`N`;`, where N is either a decimal number for the Unicode code point, or a hexadecimal number, in which case it must be prefixed by `x`. The characters that compose the numeric character reference are universally representable in every encoding approved for use on the Internet. For example, a Unicode code point like U+5408, which corresponds to a particular Chinese character, has to be converted to a decimal number, preceded by `&#` and followed by `;`, like this: `合`, which produces this: 合 (if it doesn't look like a Chinese character, see Template:Special characters).

Toolbox then checks for a disk in the floppy drive, and scans all SCSI buses for a disk with a valid System Folder, giving preference to whatever disk is set as the startup disk in the parameter RAM. If a bootable disk is found, the Happy Mac logo is displayed, and control is handed over to the Mac OS. If no disk to boot from is present, an icon depicting a floppy disk with a blinking question mark in the middle will be displayed. If a hardware problem occurs during the early part of the boot process, the machine will display the Sad Mac icon with a hexadecimal error code and freeze; on Macs made after 1987, this will be accompanied by the Chimes of Death sound. Since the Old World ROM usually boots to Toolbox, most OSs have to be installed using a boot loader from inside Mac OS (BootX is commonly used for Linux installations).

The names are trademarks of Linotype company for particular fonts, Helvetica and Times Roman, and since Microsoft didn't ship those Linotype fonts with Windows 3.1, it could not enumerate them as present. This flag causes Windows to enumerate the "MS Sans Serif" and "MS Serif" fonts under the names "Helv" and "Tms Rmn", for compatibility with the applications that don't work without those exact names being used. ;Force extra windows words:This is bit #8 of the compatibility bits word, with hexadecimal value `0x100`, known by the symbolic name `GACF_MOREEXTRAWNDWORDS` in . This flag works around a problem with applications that assumed the existence of window words (extra items of data associated by Windows with GUI windows) when they had not in fact informed Windows that extra window words were required. Windows 3.1, unlike Windows 3.0, bounds checks all uses of extra window words, and applications that assumed that they could use more space than they had asked for would thus fail.

In the JIS X 0201 specification (1969), katakana are encoded in A0–DF (hexadecimal) block – how they are displayed is not specified, and there is no separate encoding of full-width and half-width kana. In JIS X 0208, katakana, hiragana, and kanji are all encoded (and displayed as full-width characters; there are no half- width characters), though the ordering of the kana is different – see JIS X 0208#Hiragana and katakana. In Shift JIS, which combines JIS X 0201 and JIS X 0208, these encodings (both of which can encode Latin characters and katakana) are stored separately, with JIS X 0201 all being displayed as half-width (thus the JIS X 0201 katakana are displayed as half-width kana), while JIS X 0208 are all displayed as full-width (thus the JIS X 0208 Latin characters are all displayed as full-width Latin characters). Thus in Shift JIS, Latin characters and katakana have two encodings with two separate display forms, both half- width and full-width.

At the time that the original WEP standard was drafted, the U.S. Government's export restrictions on cryptographic technology limited the key size. Once the restrictions were lifted, manufacturers of access points implemented an extended 128-bit WEP protocol using a 104-bit key size (WEP-104). A 64-bit WEP key is usually entered as a string of 10 hexadecimal (base 16) characters (0–9 and A–F). Each character represents 4 bits, 10 digits of 4 bits each gives 40 bits; adding the 24-bit IV produces the complete 64-bit WEP key (4 bits × 10 + 24 bits IV = 64 bits of WEP key). Most devices also allow the user to enter the key as 5 ASCII characters (0–9, a–z, A–Z), each of which is turned into 8 bits using the character's byte value in ASCII (8 bits × 5 + 24 bits IV = 64 bits of WEP key); however, this restricts each byte to be a printable ASCII character, which is only a small fraction of possible byte values, greatly reducing the space of possible keys.

The Unicode Standard defines a codespace of numerical values ranging from 0 through 10FFFF16, called code points and denoted as U+0000 through U+10FFFF ("U+" plus the code point value in hexadecimal, prepended with leading zeros as necessary to result in a minimum of four digits, e. g., U+00F7 for the division sign, ÷, versus U+13254 for the Egyptian hieroglyph designating a reed shelter or a winding wall In conformity with the bullet point relating to Unicode in MOS:ALLCAPS, the formal Unicode names are not used in this paragraph.), respectively. Out of these 216 \+ 220 defined code points, the code points from U+D800 through U+DFFF, which are used to encode surrogate pairs in UTF-16, are reserved by the Standard and may not be used to encode valid characters, resulting in a net total of 216 − 211 \+ 220 = 1,112,064 possible code points corresponding to valid Unicode characters. Not all of these code points necessarily correspond to visible characters; several, for example, are assigned to control codes such as carriage return.

In the IBM System/360 and its successors, including the current z/Architecture machines, the boot process is known as Initial Program Load (IPL). IBM coined this term for the 7030 (Stretch), revived it for the design of the System/360, and continues to use it in those environments today. In the System/360 processors, an IPL is initiated by the computer operator by selecting the three hexadecimal digit device address (CUU; C=I/O Channel address, UU=Control unit and Device addressUU was often of the form Uu, U=Control unit address, u=Device address, but some control units attached only 8 devices; some attached more than 16. Indeed, the 3830 DASD controller offered 32-drive-addressing as an option.) followed by pressing the LOAD button. On the high end System/360 models, mostExcluding the 370/145 and 370/155, which used a 3210 or 3215 console typewriter. System/370 and some later systems, the functions of the switches and the LOAD button are simulated using selectable areas on the screen of a graphics console, oftenOnly the S/360 used the 2250; the 360/85, 370/165 and 370/168 used a keyboard/display device compatible with nothing else.

These examples are given in bit representation, in hexadecimal, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand. 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000116 = 2−16382 × 2−112 = 2−16494 ≈ 6.4751751194380251109244389582276465525 × 10−4966 (smallest positive subnormal number) 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 2−16382 × (1 − 2−112) ≈ 3.3621031431120935062626778173217519551 × 10−4932 (largest subnormal number) 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = 2−16382 ≈ 3.3621031431120935062626778173217526026 × 10−4932 (smallest positive normal number) 7ffe ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 216383 × (2 − 2−112) ≈ 1.1897314953572317650857593266280070162 × 104932 (largest normal number) 3ffe ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 1 − 2−113 ≈ 0.9999999999999999999999999999999999037 (largest number less than one) 3fff 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = 1 (one) 3fff 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000116 = 1 + 2−112 ≈ 1.0000000000000000000000000000000001926 (smallest number larger than one) c000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = −2 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = 0 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = −0 7fff 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = infinity ffff 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = −infinity 4000 921f b544 42d1 8469 898c c517 01b816 ≈ π 3ffd 5555 5555 5555 5555 5555 5555 555516 ≈ 1/3 By default, 1/3 rounds down like double precision, because of the odd number of bits in the significand. So the bits beyond the rounding point are `0101...` which is less than 1/2 of a unit in the last place.

These examples are given in bit representation, in hexadecimal and binary, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand. 0 00000000 000000000000000000000012 = 0000 000116 = 2−126 × 2−23 = 2−149 ≈ 1.4012984643 × 10−45 (smallest positive subnormal number) 0 00000000 111111111111111111111112 = 007f ffff16 = 2−126 × (1 − 2−23) ≈ 1.1754942107 ×10−38 (largest subnormal number) 0 00000001 000000000000000000000002 = 0080 000016 = 2−126 ≈ 1.1754943508 × 10−38 (smallest positive normal number) 0 11111110 111111111111111111111112 = 7f7f ffff16 = 2127 × (2 − 2−23) ≈ 3.4028234664 × 1038 (largest normal number) 0 01111110 111111111111111111111112 = 3f7f ffff16 = 1 − 2−24 ≈ 0.999999940395355225 (largest number less than one) 0 01111111 000000000000000000000002 = 3f80 000016 = 1 (one) 0 01111111 000000000000000000000012 = 3f80 000116 = 1 + 2−23 ≈ 1.00000011920928955 (smallest number larger than one) 1 10000000 000000000000000000000002 = c000 000016 = −2 0 00000000 000000000000000000000002 = 0000 000016 = 0 1 00000000 000000000000000000000002 = 8000 000016 = −0 0 11111111 000000000000000000000002 = 7f80 000016 = infinity 1 11111111 000000000000000000000002 = ff80 000016 = −infinity 0 10000000 100100100001111110110112 = 4049 0fdb16 ≈ 3.14159274101257324 ≈ π ( pi ) 0 01111101 010101010101010101010112 = 3eaa aaab16 ≈ 0.333333343267440796 ≈ 1/3 x 11111111 100000000000000000000012 = ffc0 000116 = qNaN (on x86 and ARM processors) x 11111111 000000000000000000000012 = ff80 000116 = sNaN (on x86 and ARM processors) By default, 1/3 rounds up, instead of down like double precision, because of the even number of bits in the significand. The bits of 1/3 beyond the rounding point are `1010...` which is more than 1/2 of a unit in the last place.

These examples are given in bit representation, in hexadecimal, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand. 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = +0 8000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = −0 7fff f000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = +infinity ffff f000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = −infinity 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000116 = 2−262142 × 2−236 = 2−262378 ≈ 2.24800708647703657297018614776265182597360918266100276294348974547709294462 × 10−78984 (smallest positive subnormal number) 0000 0fff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 2−262142 × (1 − 2−236) ≈ 2.4824279514643497882993282229138717236776877060796468692709532979137875392 × 10−78913 (largest subnormal number) 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = 2−262142 ≈ 2.48242795146434978829932822291387172367768770607964686927095329791378756168 × 10−78913 (smallest positive normal number) 7fff efff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 2262143 × (2 − 2−236) ≈ 1.61132571748576047361957211845200501064402387454966951747637125049607182699 × 1078913 (largest normal number) 3fff efff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff16 = 1 − 2−237 ≈ 0.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995472 (largest number less than one) 3fff f000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000016 = 1 (one) 3fff f000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000116 = 1 + 2−236 ≈ 1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000906 (smallest number larger than one) By default, 1/3 rounds down like double precision, because of the odd number of bits in the significand. So the bits beyond the rounding point are `0101...` which is less than 1/2 of a unit in the last place.

These failed cases will always contain a repetition of digits (possibly several). The first values of p for which this formula produces cyclic numbers in decimal (b = 10) are :7, 17, 19, 23, 29, 47, 59, 61, 97, 109, 113, 131, 149, 167, 179, 181, 193, 223, 229, 233, 257, 263, 269, 313, 337, 367, 379, 383, 389, 419, 433, 461, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 541, 571, 577, 593, 619, 647, 659, 701, 709, 727, 743, 811, 821, 823, 857, 863, 887, 937, 941, 953, 971, 977, 983, ... For b = 12 (duodecimal), these ps are :5, 7, 17, 31, 41, 43, 53, 67, 101, 103, 113, 127, 137, 139, 149, 151, 163, 173, 197, 223, 257, 269, 281, 283, 293, 317, 353, 367, 379, 389, 401, 449, 461, 509, 523, 547, 557, 569, 571, 593, 607, 617, 619, 631, 641, 653, 691, 701, 739, 751, 761, 773, 787, 797, 809, 821, 857, 881, 929, 953, 967, 977, 991, ... For b = 2 (binary), these ps are :3, 5, 11, 13, 19, 29, 37, 53, 59, 61, 67, 83, 101, 107, 131, 139, 149, 163, 173, 179, 181, 197, 211, 227, 269, 293, 317, 347, 349, 373, 379, 389, 419, 421, 443, 461, 467, 491, 509, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 587, 613, 619, 653, 659, 661, 677, 701, 709, 757, 773, 787, 797, 821, 827, 829, 853, 859, 877, 883, 907, 941, 947, ... For b = 3 (ternary), these ps are :2, 5, 7, 17, 19, 29, 31, 43, 53, 79, 89, 101, 113, 127, 137, 139, 149, 163, 173, 197, 199, 211, 223, 233, 257, 269, 281, 283, 293, 317, 331, 353, 379, 389, 401, 449, 461, 463, 487, 509, 521, 557, 569, 571, 593, 607, 617, 631, 641, 653, 677, 691, 701, 739, 751, 773, 797, 809, 811, 821, 823, 857, 859, 881, 907, 929, 941, 953, 977, ... There are no such ps in the hexadecimal system. The known pattern to this sequence comes from algebraic number theory, specifically, this sequence is the set of primes p such that b is a primitive root modulo p. A conjecture of Emil Artin is that this sequence contains 37.395..% of the primes (for b in ).