They were studying materials that crystallize in a twisted helical pattern.
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I like helical piles, but you can also put it on a standard foundation.
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These tails propel them through a medium by moving in a kind of rotating helical motion.
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Helical and its outgoing chairman and major shareholder Mike Slade had declined to comment, the newspaper added.
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The task with the helical molecule took about the same amount of time in both environments, however.
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DDT, they found, exhibited the characteristic pinwheel gradients of a helical crystal when illuminated with polarized light.
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Farm From a Box, which started in 2013, takes an approach similar to that of Helical Holdings.
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Burners, then, were encouraged to touch, climb, and explore the inner cavities of the sculpture's 'ossified helical' frame.
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The European Space Agency's GomX-3 CubeSat is a little modular satellite that's equipped with a distinctive helical antenna.
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Traditionally, bacteria's corkscrew tail has been the design inspiration for helical propellers that move a nanobot through the bloodstream.
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Not long after, the two men formed a manufacturing and design company, Helical Holdings, investing a few million dollars between them.
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The Sunday Times had reported here that Helical received a bid of around 500 million pounds from an unnamed U.S. private equity group.
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The twisted knot structure only occurs in a relatively small region of a genome, like a knot in the helical double strands of DNA.
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The sun orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and the planets orbit the sun, which means that they trace out helical paths.
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Israeli scientists found that 85033G's higher frequencies are preferentially absorbed in the sweat duct, acting like helical antennas that send and receive microwave signals.
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A human cell carries in its nucleus two meters of spiraling DNA, split up among the 46 slender, double-helical molecules that are its chromosomes.
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His model suggested that condensin II molecules assembled into a helical scaffold, as in the famous Leonardo staircase found in the Chambord Castle in France.
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Photo: AzuraWaveWS-4These are the Four WindSide WS-4B vertical-axis wind turbines with helical Savonius rotor, located at the Da Jinshan Radar Station, China.
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Helical said the unsolicited offers were at a significant discount to its EPRA net asset value and therefore did not reflect the fair value of the company.
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Bay tacxico rigor rubbing outset hapbel queer carun kiakiha cheek vine chain notion, ruts who peyon toxic anger catch Beat tan fon reshuffle rugged helical tone torture ……….
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Experiments using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopes revealed that this was indeed the case, making it apparent that viruses were predominantly either helical or icosahedral in shape.
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Helical said the unsolicited offers were at a significant discount to its EPRA net asset value (NAV) and therefore did not reflect the fair value of the company.
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Muneer's creation is a helical structure that rotates on a horizontal plane — picture a clock lying on its side — which allows it to harness airflow from any direction.
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This doesn't detract from the Korean scientists' paper's main takeaway: that you can eliminate vortex shedding and significantly reduce drag by employing a twisty, helical shape when designing an object.
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"In our view the market has been undervaluing Helical for some time now and this third party interest – while perhaps not at an acceptable level – reflects this," the analysts said.
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"In our view the market has been undervaluing Helical for some time now and this third party interest – while perhaps not at an acceptable level – reflects this," Peel Hunt analysts said.
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Such microspheres have the neat property of periodic self-assembly, naturally forming into trippy helical crystalline structures that reflect color in ways similar to those of butterfly wings or peacock feathers.
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LONDON (Reuters) - British commercial property developer Helical has received a bid worth around 500 million pounds ($637 million) from an unnamed U.S. private equity group, the Sunday Times newspaper reported, without citing sources.
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While regular chess boards lay flat on a surface, Chappell's chess boards stand at nearly three feet tall, with laser-cut surfaces of asymmetrical shapes staggered in a helical pattern around lamp rods.
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There he met Rosalind Franklin, whose X-ray images of DNA were crucial to Francis Crick and James D. Watson's figuring out the double helical structure of the molecule in the early 1950s.
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They had to thread a molecule of methane through a simulated carbon nanotube; unwind a helical molecule and wind it up in the opposite direction; and tie a knot in a simulated protein.
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His instructor, Mark Whittingham, a licensed general contractor, owner of M.W. Enterprise and project manager at Thor Helical USA, a masonry restoration firm, taught him how to build things and then take them apart.
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And though the show does not include Tristan and Isolde there will be piano-playing rhinoceri, acrobats swinging on helical ladders, and also, in honor of the Massine original, people with dandelions for heads.
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From the Japanese hachi for eight and moji for letter, the system is made up of four natural nucleotides and four synthetic ones that all fit seamlessly into DNA's helical structure, maintaining its natural shape.
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The ISOLDE team got the idea from Argonne National Laboratory in the United States, which first used an MRI magnet in their own Helical Orbit Spectrometer, or HELIOS, that surrounds a source of stable, not radioactive beams.
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The newspaper said the approach valued Helical at a significant premium to its current share price of 355p and market capitalization of 425 million pounds, but at less than its net asset value of 567 million pounds.
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An Outpost has been installed at an elementary school in Lafayette, La. There is also one at Patriot Farms of America, in Berryville, Va., which trains veterans in agriculture and is a nonprofit partner of Helical Holdings.
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"The primordial instruments such as levers, chisels and hammers later evolved with the introduction of helical wires in the 19th century and now we have diamond-tipped wires and saws and heavy earth-moving equipment," he said.
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Helical, which operates primarily in London and Manchester, had an NAV of 482 pence per share at the end of March, while the 500 million pound offer would represent about 413 pence per share, Peel Hunt analysts said.
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After some time of studying "PMAT" under a microscope, there's truly something that feels more sentient in the helical architecture of Gwyer's synth lines than many of the ones her peers in acid techno are able to conjure.
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The Sunday Times said the bid valued Helical at a significant premium to the stock's Friday closing of 355 pence and market capitalization of 425 million pounds, but at less than its net asset value of 567 million pounds.
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The more novel aspects of the work, he said, lay in the researchers' collection of Hi-C data as a function of time, which allowed them to pinpoint specific constraints, such as the sizes of the loops and helical turns.
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As a result, the 3D-printed part looks almost like a plastic donut with a hole in the middle that allows air to pass through unimpeded but surrounded by a unique 3D helical pattern that prevents sounds from slipping through as well.
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The publishing house is festooned with life-size posters of recent book covers, and the bookshop is full of volumes in artfully arranged helical piles or displayed on the walls with English and Persian versions opening from right and left, side by side.
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While the Helical Holdings containers have not been used overseas yet, Mr. Ratigan said he was in preliminary talks with the United States Agency for International Development, the United States Department of Agriculture and representatives from the Mexican, French, Kuwaiti, Canadian and Philippine governments.
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Their results, published recently in *Science and confirmed in part by experimental evidence reported by a European team in this week's issue of the journal, paint a picture in which two protein complexes sequentially organize the DNA into tight arrays of loops along a helical spine.
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In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published the double helical structure of DNA, and in the decades since "the focus of developmental biology has been on DNA as the carrier of biological information, with cells thought to follow their own internal genetic programs, prompted by cues from their local environment and neighboring cells," Huang said.
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Gary taught me the basics: boring holes through the still-thin early January ice with a manual auger (a tool with a giant helical bit), clearing the ice around and inside the holes with a shovel and a skimmer, and installing tip-ups (little devices that let you have unsupervised fishing lines in the water and raise signal flags when fish takes the bait).
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The helices are usually round in shape, can be prepared using metals or concrete, the helices that are welded over the steel shaft are also called flights or Helical Flights, helical flights can be of varying sizes depending upon the requirement of surface. These helical flights are joined/welded through various technologies , one such technology is called inertia welding , strongest joints are made through inertia welding technology for helical piles , which allows it to bear maximum possible load for any types of foundation. There are only a few differences between helical anchors, helical piles and helical piers but the terms are often used interchangeably. Helical Anchors are an extendable method of a steel shaft wielded with helical bearing plates.
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3D model of a helical capsid structure of a virus Many rod-shaped and filamentous plant viruses have capsids with helical symmetry. The helical structure can be described as a set of n 1-D molecular helices related by an n-fold axial symmetry. The helical transformation are classified into two categories: one- dimensional and two-dimensional helical systems. Creating an entire helical structure relies on a set of translational and rotational matrices which are coded in the protein data bank.
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Although the archetypal toolpath of a planer is linear, helical cutting can be accomplished by coupling the table's linear motion to simultaneous rotation. The helical planing idea is similar to both helical milling and single-point screw cutting.
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The Gorlov helical turbine (GHT) is a modification of the Darrieus turbine design that uses helical blades/foils.A.M. Gorlov, Unidirectional helical reaction turbine operable under reversible fluid flow for power systems, United States Patent 5,451,137, Sept. 19, 1995.A.M. Gorlov, Method for maintaining flotation using a helical turbine assembly, United States Patent 6,253,700, July 3, 2001.
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In 1961, Ampex introduced the first helical scan video recorder, the VR-8000, which recorded video using helical scan recording technology on tape.
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A helical Darrieus turbine at Hartnell College. The blades of a Darrieus turbine can be canted into a helix, e.g. three blades and a helical twist of 60 degrees. The original designer of the helical turbine is Ulrich Stampa (Germany patent DE2948060A1, 1979).
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Helicene molecule with inherent chirality. Helical molecules are considered to have inherent chirality, but this is sometimes referred to as helical chirality or helicity. The IUPAC definition of helicity is: chirality of a helical, propeller or screw-shaped molecular entity. Helicenes (figure 4) are chiral polycyclic aromatic compounds that lack conventional chiral centers, but are chiral due to the helical shape of the 3D molecules.
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Pleumeur-Bodou, France Helical antenna: (B) Central support, (C) Coaxial cable feedline, (E) Insulating supports for the helix, (R) Reflector ground plane, (S) Helical radiating wire A helical antenna is an antenna consisting of one or more conducting wires wound in the form of a helix. A helical antenna made of one helical wire, the most common type, is called monofilar, while antennas with two or four wires in a helix are called bifilar, or quadrifilar, respectively. In most cases, directional helical antennas are mounted over a ground plane, while omnidirectional designs may not be. The feed line is connected between the bottom of the helix and the ground plane.
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However, double helical gears are more difficult to manufacture due to their more complicated shape. Herringbone gears are a special type of helical gears. They do not have a groove in the middle like some other double helical gears do; the two mirrored helical gears are joined together so that their teeth form a V shape. This can also be applied to bevel gears, as in the final drive of the Citroën Type A. For both possible rotational directions, there exist two possible arrangements for the oppositely-oriented helical gears or gear faces.
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Helical railguns are multi-turn railguns that reduce rail and brush current by a factor equal to the number of turns. Two rails are surrounded by a helical barrel and the projectile or re-usable carrier is also helical. The projectile is energized continuously by two brushes sliding along the rails, and two or more additional brushes on the projectile serve to energize and commute several windings of the helical barrel direction in front of and/or behind the projectile. The helical railgun is a cross between a railgun and a coilgun.
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An external contact helical gear in action Helical gears Top: parallel configuration Bottom: crossed configuration Helical or "dry fixed" gears offer a refinement over spur gears. The leading edges of the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the gear is curved, this angling makes the tooth shape a segment of a helix. Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations.
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There are two basic types of transmembrane proteins: alpha-helical and beta-barrels. Alpha-helical proteins are present in the inner membranes of bacterial cells or the plasma membrane of eukaryotes, and sometimes in the outer membranes.alpha-helical proteins in outer membranes include Stannin and certain lipoproteins, and others This is the major category of transmembrane proteins. In humans, 27% of all proteins have been estimated to be alpha-helical membrane proteins.
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Helical plc (formerly Helical Bar plc) is a property investment and development company specialising in London and Manchester. It is based in London and a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index.
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IVC 2 inch Helical scan was a high-end broadcast quality helical scan analog recording VTR format developed by International Video Corporation (IVC), and introduced in 1975. Previously, IVC had made a number of 1 inch Helical VTRs. IVC saw a chance to make a VTR that would have the quality of the then- standard 2 inch Quadruplex videotape format but with the advantages of helical scan. They then developed a VTR using this technology, the IVC Model 9000.
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Helical anchors. Screw piles, sometimes referred to as screw anchors, screw- piles, helical piles, and helical anchors are a steel screw-in piling and ground anchoring system used for building deep foundations. Screw piles are manufactured using varying sizes of tubular hollow sections for the pile or anchors shaft. The pile shaft transfers a structure's load into the pile.
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Helical and worm handedness A right hand helical gear or right hand worm is one in which the teeth twist clockwise as they recede from an observer looking along the axis. The designations, right hand and left hand, are the same as in the long established practice for screw threads, both external and internal. Two external helical gears operating on parallel axes must be of opposite hand. An internal helical gear and its pinion must be of the same hand.
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A screw pile. Screw piles can be referred to as screw-piles, steel screw-in foundations, screw piers, helical piles, helical anchors, screw anchors, screw foundations and helical piers. Screw piles were first described by the Irish civil engineer Alexander Mitchell in a paper in Civil Engineer's and Architects Journal in 1848 - however, helical piles had been used for almost a decade by this point.Howard A. Perko Helical Piles: A Practical Guide to Design and Installation John Wiley and Sons, 2009 pages 3-11 Screw foundations first appeared in the 1800s as pile foundations for lighthouses,William John Macquorn Rankine A manual of civil engineering, C. Griffin, 1876 p.
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Herringbone gears Double helical gears overcome the problem of axial thrust presented by single helical gears by using a double set of teeth, slanted in opposite directions. A double helical gear can be thought of as two mirrored helical gears mounted closely together on a common axle. This arrangement cancels out the net axial thrust, since each half of the gear thrusts in the opposite direction, resulting in a net axial force of zero. This arrangement can also remove the need for thrust bearings.
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The Helical Bar and Engineering Company Limited was incorporated as a limited company on 3 July 1919. The company sold its steel reinforcement business in 1986. In 2016 the company name was changed to Helical plc.
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The ram is typically actuated by a mechanical crank inside the column, though hydraulically actuated shapers are increasingly used. Adding axes of motion to a shaper can yield helical toolpaths, as also done in helical planing.
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The structure of E. Coli's helicase binding domain. Rendered from PDB 2R6A. The lower two helices form the helical hairpin of the C2 subdomain. The remaining five helices form the helical bundle of the C1 subdomain.
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Clavanin B is an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide isolated from Styela clava.
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However, the C-terminal present a helical domain which is less conserved.
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The transmembrane region of APLP2 (residues 693-716) is helical in structure.
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The tetramerisation domain has a right-handed alpha helical coiled-coil structure.
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The muscular layer consists of an inner circular layer and a longitudinal outer layer. The circular layer prevents food from traveling backward and the longitudinal layer shortens the tract. The layers are not truly longitudinal or circular, rather the layers of muscle are helical with different pitches. The inner circular is helical with a steep pitch and the outer longitudinal is helical with a much shallower pitch.
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Helical and worm handedness In helical and worm gears, the helix angle denotes the standard pitch circle unless otherwise specified. Application of the helix angle typically employs a magnitude ranging from 15° to 30° for helical gears, with 45° capping the safe operation limit. The angle itself may be cut with either a right-hand or left-hand orientation.Shigley, Joseph E., and Larry D. Mitchell.
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ACAD8 functions as a homotetramer and has an overall structure is similar to other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. The functional protein contains an NH2-terminal alpha-helical domain, a medial beta-strand domain and a C-terminal alpha- helical domain.
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Cryptomonas swim actively. They rotate while moving and sometimes swim in helical motion.
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Supercoiled structure of circular DNA molecules with low writhe. The helical nature of the DNA duplex is omitted for clarity. Supercoiled structure of linear DNA molecules with constrained ends. The helical nature of the DNA duplex is omitted for clarity.
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The gut has intrinsic peristaltic activity (basal electrical rhythm) due to its self-contained enteric nervous system. The rate can of course be modulated by the rest of the autonomic nervous system. The layers are not truly longitudinal or circular, rather the layers of muscle are helical with different pitches. The inner circular is helical with a steep pitch and the outer longitudinal is helical with a much shallower pitch.
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Turby prototype - TU Delft The Turby is a brand of vertical-axis Darrieus wind turbine. The three vertical aerofoil blades have a helical twist of 60 degrees, similar to Gorlov's water turbines . The turbine consists of three vertical symmetrical airfoil blades, each having a helical twist. The helical feature spreads the torque evenly over the entire revolution, thus preventing the destructive pulsations of the straight-bladed giromill (Darrieus turbine).
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The Z-DNA structure. Z-DNA is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the helix winds to the left in a zigzag pattern, instead of to the right, like the more common B-DNA form. Z-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double-helical structures along with A-DNA and B-DNA.
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The genus Arthrospira comprises helical trichomes of varying size and with various degrees of coiling, including tightly coiled morphology to even a straight form. The helical parameters of the shape of Arthrospira is known to differentiate between- and even within the same- species. These differences may be induced by changing environmental conditions, such as the growth temperature. The helical shape of the trichomes is only maintained in a liquid environment.
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Tropomyosin is a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil protein found in cell cytoskeletons.
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The helical rim then is advanced to allow the suturing (closure), and a dog-ear- shaped graft of skin is removed from the back of the ear. The closure of the sutures advances the crus of the helix into the helical rim.
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Motovario® was founded in 1965 by Giancarlo Raguzzoni in Formigine in the heart of Modena industrial district. Motovario specializes in the production of mechanical speed variators, helical and helical bevel gear reducers, shaft mounted, worm gear reducers, electric motors and motoinverters.
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The disadvantage of this system is its cost. Even though it is a fairly simple device it requires very accurate helical machining and very careful assembly. The Helical Camshaft prototypes typically cost about $1500 in machining and materials. This figure would reduce greatly in production.
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The hobbing features for gears are straight, helical, straight bevel, face, crowned, worm, cylkro and chamfering.
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No other companies at NAB showed a helical scan VTR, so the VR-8000 stayed hidden.
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The crystal structure is made up of a helical polymer of BH4Be and BH4 structure units.
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University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. TGBp1 works to rearrange the actin and endomembranes of the host and creates an assembly of helical arrangements. These helical structures are surrounded by the host endomembranes, which create a region where the virus can replicate more efficiently.Lubicz-Verchot, J. (2005).
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LVX is a non-enveloped virus with helical symmetry. All potexviruses, including LVX are believed to have slightly less than 9 protein subunits per helical turn.Kendall, A., McDonald, M., Bian, W., Bowles, T., Baumgarten, S. C., Shi, J., … Stubbs, G. (2008). Structure of Flexible Filamentous Plant Viruses.
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The rotation movement of the scroll, screen, and basket allows the liquid to pass through from the openings on the screen (via centrifugal force). The solid remains will be separated according to size due to the difference of the angular velocity of the helical screw and the basket. The helical screw pushes the solid material to be discharged to the forward end of the scroll. The processing time depends on helical screw pitch and the angular velocity difference.
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The A-DNA structure. A-DNA is one of the possible double helical structures which DNA can adopt. A-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double helical structures along with B-DNA and Z-DNA. It is a right-handed double helix fairly similar to the more common B-DNA form, but with a shorter, more compact helical structure whose base pairs are not perpendicular to the helix-axis as in B-DNA.
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The tape was wound around a cylindrical mandrel in a helix and stopped. The drive head rotated once (on a rotating drum) to record a diagonal track. Then tape was wound a small step, so the head could iterate over next diagonal track. Depending on technical definitions this might be even considered a first example of a digital helical scan recording, long before Exabyte's helical drive (which was based on analog video helical recording systems developed earlier).
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Different colors are usually printed at different stations, leading to higher cost, increased complexity, and sensitivity to print nozzle drop-outs. Helical Printing: Helical printing is a hybrid method between the single-pass and multi-pass approaches. Image data is mapped to allow continuous imaging in a helical pattern with a limited number of print heads. Users can optimize the print resolution, speed, and curing controls to optimize image quality or choose higher speed if quality isn’t critical.
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Physically, a helical resonator is a wire helix surrounded by a square or cylindrical conductive shield. One end of the helix is connected to the shield and the other end is left open (Weston, 2001, p. 660). The device works like a coaxial resonator, but it is much shorter because the helical inner conductor reduces the velocity of wave propagation (Lancaster, 2006, p. 99). Like cavity resonators, helical resonators can achieve Q factors in the 1000s.
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The drive shafts of the magnetos were joined together and driven from the camshaft via helical gears.
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Both AIT and SAIT use the helical scan method of reading and writing the tape. AIT tapes.
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The N-terminal domain of INCENP is the domain involved in formation of this three-helical bundle.
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The helical insertion domain is inserted into the GTP- binding domain before switch region I and is unique to heterotrimeric G proteins. This helical insertion domain functions to sequester the guanine nucleotide at the interface with the GTP-binding domain and must be displaced to enable nucleotide dissociation.
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Each peptide in this group is derived from the same species, Conus parius. Con-Pr3 () has three different post- translational modifications. Con-Pr1 () and –Pr2 () adopt α-helical conformations in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, but otherwise are generally unstructured. Conantokin-Pr3 always adopts an α-helical conformation.
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Figure 1: A prototype helical camshaft. The camshaft is in the minimum duration position. Figure 2: A helical camshaft shown for the intake on a Suzuki GSX 250 motorcycle engine, with a standard GSX camshaft for comparison. The valve is opened at normal rates of acceleration, jerk, etc.
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A helical resonator is a helix of wire in a cavity; one end is unconnected, and the other is bonded to the cavity wall. Although they are superficially similar to lumped inductors, helical resonators are distributed-element components and are used in the VHF and lower UHF bands.
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By November 1951, Wilkins had evidence that DNA in cells as well as purified DNA had a helical structure.See Chapter 2 of The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology by Horace Freeland Judson published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1996) . Alex Stokes had solved the basic mathematics of helical diffraction theory and thought that Wilkins's X-ray diffraction data indicated a helical structure in DNA. Wilkins met with Watson and Crick and told them about his results.
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Realistically the Helical Camshaft principle can only be applied to twin cam engines. For maximising power output both the intake and exhaust cam would need to be of the Helical Camshaft type. The increase in duration needed for high RPM performance needs to be roughly equal on both the intake and exhaust cams, and roughly a symmetrical increase about the base duration lobe profile centre line. For LIVC operation alone, only the intake camshaft needs to be a Helical Camshaft.
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Sucrose nitrate synthesize AGAR: gas filaments slightly pink, white. Spore filaments are non-helical. They are ovoid, spherical.
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Usually, circumferential or helical reinforcement rings are applied to maintain these corrugated or bellowed structures under internal pressure.
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Nearly all π-helices are therefore cryptic in that the π-helical residues are incorrectly assigned as either α-helical or as "turns". Recently developed programs have been written to properly annotate π-helices in protein structures and they have found that 1 in 6 proteins (around 15%) do in fact contain at least one π-helical segment. Natural π-helices can easily be identified in a structure as a "bulge" within a longer α-helix. Such helical bulges have previously been referred to as α-aneurisms, α-bulges, π-bulges, wide-turns,looping outs and π-turns, but in fact are π-helices as determined by their repeating i + 5 → i hydrogen bonds.
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In these designs, the primary field is produced by a single helical magnet, similar to one of the helical windings of the "classical" stellarator. In contrast to those systems, only a single magnet is needed, and it is much larger than those in the stellarators. To produce the net field, a second set of coils running poloidally around the outside of the helical magnet produces a second vertical field that mixes with the helical one. The result in a much simpler layout, as the poloidal magnets are generally much smaller and there is ample room between them to reach the interior, whereas in the original layout the toroidal confinement magnets are relatively large and leave little room between them.
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The prokaryotic phospholipase A2 domain is found in bacterial and fungal phospholipases. It enables the liberation of fatty acids and lysophospholipid by hydrolyzing the 2-ester bond of 1,2-diacyl-3-sn-phosphoglycerides. The domain adopts an alpha-helical secondary structure, consisting of five alpha- helices and two helical segments.
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However, the models were set aside in favor of the double- helical model due to subsequent experimental advances such as X-ray crystallography of DNA duplexes, and later the nucleosome core particle, and the discovery of topoisomerases. Such non-double-helical models are not currently accepted by the mainstream scientific community.
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The tetra-helical helix-turn-helix motif has an additional C-terminal helix compared to the tri- helical motifs. These include the LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain found in bacterial transcription factors and the helix-turn-helix motif found in the TetR repressors. Multihelical versions with additional helices also occur.
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The helical wheel diagrams of the three transmembrane regions given by NCBI Gene indicate the presence of polar amino acid which are basic and acidic in the transmembrane regions which is unusual.NetWheels Helical Projection for TMEM267 NetWheels Prediction for TMEM267 transmembrane regions Protter schematic of transmembrane regions of TMEM267 in humans.
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Each time the action is cycled, the magazine feeds the next cartridge to the breech in a helical pattern.
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The left-handed helical surfaces have a similar tilt angle to the right-handed helices (~20°), but ¼ the pitch. Approximately 4 left-handed helical junctions are present per granum, resulting in a pitch-balanced array of right- and left-handed helical membrane surfaces of different radii and pitch that consolidate the network with minimal surface and bending energies. While different parts of the thylakoid system contain different membrane proteins, the thylakoid membranes are continuous and the thylakoid space they enclose form a single continuous labyrinth.
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Sketch of a classical stellarator with helical coils (white) and toroidal field coils (green) Several different configurations of stellarator exist, including: ;Spatial stellarator: The original figure-8 design that used geometry to produce the rotational transform of the magnetic fields. ;Classical stellarator: A toroidal or racetrack-shaped design with separate helical coils on either end to produce the rotation. ;Torsatron: A stellarator with continuous helical coils. It can also have the continuous coils replaced by a number of discrete coils producing a similar field.
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Similarly, if the Helical Camshaft is used to improve high RPM power only a simple self-contained centrifugal controller/actuator could be used. Some prototypes have run very well using centrifugal controller/actuators. If it was desired to operate the Helical Camshaft to use both the LIVC and the high RPM aspects of the cam it would probably require hydraulic actuators on each cam to enable the LIVC to be used. Each Helical Camshaft would also need a phase-changing mechanism for the high RPM use.
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It turned out that in the new structure the director rotates in a helical fashion about any axis perpendicular to a line as illustrated in fig. 1. Although an unlimited number of helical axes are actually present, this structure was named double twist structure. Figure 2: Top view on a double twist cylinder.
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Experimental phase diagrams when the applied magnetic field H is directed perpendicular or parallel to a FeGe thin film. With increasing magnetic field, the magnetic ordering of FeGe spins changes from helical (H) to skyrmion (SkL), conical (C) and field polarized (FP, i.e. regular ferromagnetic). STXM) images of helical, skyrmion and conical phases.
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The engines had the flywheel at the front of the engine, and the crankshaft had intermediate bearings between each pair of cylinders. Drive was to the rear wheels via a dual helical epicyclic gears and helical bevel axle. The cars were listed at £735 for the four and £900 for the six.
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Brodsky, Barbara, et al. “Triple‐Helical Peptides: An Approach to Collagen Conformation, Stability, and Self‐Association.” Biopolymers, vol. 89, no.
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Some osmoporins, such as OmpC, forms a complex with alpha-helical transmembrane protein MlaA to maintain outer membrane lipid asymmetry.
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Deceleration-type bullet traps direct bullets into a helical or circular chamber in which the bullet will slide against the curved chamber wall until it gradually loses velocity from friction and drops to the bottom of the chamber, where it can be later collected. For use with multiple firing positions, the helical chamber often resembles a horizontal pipe, into which bullets are directed by upper and lower steel plates. The upper plate slopes downward and the lower plate slopes upward to a horizontal slot in the side of the helical chamber. Alternatively, some narrow deceleration traps for single firing positions employ vertical plates to direct bullets into a helical deceleration chamber resembling a vertical pipe from which spent bullets drop out the lower end.
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The separation of the two linked daughter DNA strands during replication either required DNA to have a net-zero helical twist, or for the strands to be cut, crossed, and rejoined. It was this apparent contradictions that early non-helical models attempted to address until the discovery of topoisomerases in 1970 resolved the problem. In the 1960s and 1970s, a number of structures were hypothesised that would give a net-zero helical twist over the length of the DNA, either by being fully straight throughout or by alternating right-handed and left-handed helical twists. For example, in 1969, a linear tetramer structure was hypothesised, and in 1976, a structure with alternating sections of right-handed and left- handed helix was independently proposed by two different groups.
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Vajo et al. in 1999 cloned COQ7 from human heart. They found that the predicted protein contains 179 amino acids, is mostly helical, and contains an alpha-helical membrane insertion. It has a potential N-glycosylation site, a phosphorylation site for protein kinase C and another for casein kinase II, and 3 N-myristoylation sites.
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The second domain, is α-helical and consists of four α helices linked by long loops. The helices are loosely packed against each other and the entire domain is highly mobile as compared to the large α/β domain. The helical domain is juxtaposed against one end of the cleft in the large domain.
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TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. The regions can be seem within the amino acid sequence above within the conceptual translation in purple. Evolutionary analysis showed that these trans-membrane domains are highly conserved across all ortholog taxa. Viual depiction of the two helical transmembrane domains plotted through Protter and EMBOSS Pepwheel.
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This has only a minor impact on the hydrodynamics, usually only pronounced on a laboratory scale, but it has profound impacts on the sediment transport and morphology because the helical flow influences the otherwise zero transverse sediment component. MIKE 21C applies standard theory for the helical flow, which can be found in e.g. Rozowsky (1957). Standard helical flow theory provides a secondary flow velocity profile that is fully characterised by friction and the deviation angle between the main flow direction and the direction of the shear stress at the river bed.
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During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates to form a budding vesicle. Dynamin binds to and assembles around the neck of the endocytic vesicle, forming a helical polymer arranged such that the GTPase domains dimerize in an asymmetric manner across helical rungs. The polymer constricts the underlying membrane upon GTP binding and hydrolysis via conformational changes emanating from the flexible neck region that alters the overall helical symmetry. Constriction around the vesicle neck leads to the formation of a hemi-fission membrane state that ultimately results in membrane scission.
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A disadvantage of helical gears is a resultant thrust along the axis of the gear, which must be accommodated by appropriate thrust bearings. However, this issue can be turned into an advantage when using a herringbone gear or double helical gear, which has no axial thrust - and also provides self-aligning of the gears. This results in less axial thrust than a comparable spur gear. A second disadvantage of helical gears is also a greater degree of sliding friction between the meshing teeth, often addressed with additives in the lubricant.
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Furthermore, crosslinks can be incorporated into peptides to conformationally stabilize helical folds. Crosslinks stabilize the helical state by entropically destabilizing the unfolded state and by removing enthalpically stabilized "decoy" folds that compete with the fully helical state. It has been shown that α-helices are more stable, robust to mutations and designable than β-strands in natural proteins, and also in artificial designed proteins. An α-helix in ultrahigh-resolution electron density contours, with oxygen atoms in red, nitrogen atoms in blue, and hydrogen bonds as green dotted lines (PDB file 2NRL, 17-32).
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The Pattern 1913 Enfield bolt locking lugs had a 4 degree helical angle with matching angles on the receiver lug seats (the technical term is interrupted threading). This means that final head space is not achieved until the bolt handle is turned down all the way. The Lee–Enfield rifle also featured helical locking surfaces. The British probably used helical locking lugs to allow for chambering imperfect or dirty ammunition and that the closing cam action is distributed over the entire mating faces of both bolt and receiver lugs.
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A helical camshaft cannot do very short durations or variable lift. Many companies and manufacturers have made it appear that it is something of a virtue that their particular VVA system produces very short durations and the linked low valve lift as they really have had no choice. There is no physical reason why a Helical Camshaft could not be the “driving” cam in a Valvetronic-type oscillating cam setup. (But it would be quite complex and the Valvetronic part of the arrangement would limit the Helical Camshaft's high RPM capabilities).
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ParMs from different bacterial plasmids can form astonishingly diverse helical structures comprising two or four strands to maintain faithful plasmid inheritance.
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The bolt's rotation is controlled by a cam stud that slides inside a helical camming guide machined into the bolt carrier.
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Proline is never found in this site, possibly because it would break the helical structure adopted by this motif in metalloproteases.
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This exposure of other hydrophilic molecules disturb the original hydrogen bonding equilibrium and thus facilitate disassembly of the alpha-helical bundle.
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Wiley- VCH, Weinheim, 2007. The three designs described below deviate from Moore's strict definition of a foldamer, which excludes helical foldamers.
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The xylem of anthesis flower parts and pedicels consists exclusively of tracheary elements with helical bands, and rarely, with annular bands.
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These residues give rise to collagen's helical structure. Collagen's high content of hydroxyproline allows for significant cross-linking by hydrogen bonding within the helical structure. Ionized carboxyl groups (RCO2−) are formed by hydrolysis of the collagen by the action of hydroxide. This conversion occurs during the liming process, before introduction of the tanning agent (chromium salts).
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Screw piles, also called helical piers and screw foundations, have been used as foundations since the mid 19th century in screw-pile lighthouses. Screw piles are galvanized iron pipe with helical fins that are turned into the ground by machines to the required depth. The screw distributes the load to the soil and is sized accordingly.
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Magnetic phase diagram of NiSi. At low temperatures, with increasing magnetic field, spins in NiSi form helical, conical, skyrmion (SkS) and regular ferromagnetic spatial structures. At high temperatures the spin orientation is random (paramagnetic) STXM) images of helical, skyrmion and conical phases in FeGe. All magnetic properties are very similar in FeGe and MnSi, except for Tc values.
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A helical strake on a chimney stack The design of large stacks poses considerable engineering challenges. Vortex shedding in high winds can cause dangerous oscillations in the stack, and may lead to its collapse. The use of helical strake is common to prevent this process occurring at or close to the resonant frequency of the stack.
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In PDE1 this region contains a calmodulin binding domain. The catalytic domains of PDE1 (and other types of PDEs) have three helical subdomains: an N-terminal cyclin-fold region, a linker region and a C-terminal helical bundle. A deep hydrophobic pocket is formed at the interface of these subdomains. It is composed of four subsites.
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The Compact Auburn Torsatron at Auburn University is an example. ;Heliotron: A stellarator in which a helical coil is used to confine the plasma, together with a pair of poloidal field coils to provide a vertical field. Toroidal field coils can also be used to control the magnetic surface characteristics. The Large Helical Device in Japan uses this configuration.
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Self-assembling occurs from the influence of non-covalent interactions, as depicted in figure1. These linear, self-assembling compounds can continue to self-assemble forming columnar, helical structures that further aggregate to form bundles of fibers.Aparicio, Fatima; Sanchez, Luis. Thermodynamics of the Helical, Supramolecular Polymerization of Linear Self-Assembling Molecules: Influence of Hydrogen Bonds and p Stacking.
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Their molecular sizes are 4127.1, 4146.9, 4064.7, and 4156.8 Da respectively. All the oxyopinins indicate their secondary structure essentially as alpha-helical.
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A longer period of translation caused the formation of densely packed 3-D helical polysomes. Different cells produce different structures of polysomes.
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Helical fibers can oriented into either left or right- handed arrangements. Contraction of orthogonal fibers causes torsion or twisting of the hydrostat.
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As the DNA is stripped of the p5, it is extruded across the membrane and wrapped in a helical casing of p8.
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The helical camshaft very distantly belongs to the very numerous general “coaxial-shaft-combined-profile” class of cams as most recently typified by the work from Clemson University (whose cams are essentially identical in principle to many other cams, such as ). The helical camshaft importantly differs from other members of this general class by having a unique helical movement – a combined circumferential and axial movement of the two profiles. The duration can be increased until the closing flank of the cam lobe reaches the opening flank – a duration of 720 degrees. In a typical application the helical camshaft would have a continuous duration range from about average for a road-going general purpose engine (about 250 degrees measured at normal valve clearance) to about 100 or 150 degrees above this.
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Gold triiodide does not exist or is unstable. Gold(III) fluoride, AuF3, has a unique polymeric helical structure, containing corner- sharing {AuF4} squares.
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Coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1, also known as CCHCR1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCHCR1 gene.
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Specialized normal-mode helical antennas are used as transmitting antennas for FM radio and television broadcasting stations on the VHF and UHF bands.
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"Augerinoichnus Helicoidalis, a New Helical Trace Fossil from the Nonmarine Permian of New Mexico". Journal of Paleontology 82:6 (2008), pp. 1201-1206.
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Major examples include Wendelstein 7-X in Germany, the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX) in the US, and the Large Helical Device in Japan.
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That is, for instance, a protein molecule with a helical secondary structure can have a CD that changes with changes in the conformation.
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Sets of three alternate with left and right helical modules, adding up to six when viewed upwards from the base of the tower.
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A vimentin monomer, like all other intermediate filaments, has a central α-helical domain, capped on each end by non-helical amino (head) and carboxyl (tail) domains. Two monomers are likely co-translationally expressed in a way that facilitates their formation of a coiled-coil dimer, which is the basic subunit of vimentin assembly. The α-helical sequences contain a pattern of hydrophobic amino acids that contribute to forming a "hydrophobic seal" on the surface of the helix. In addition, there is a periodic distribution of acidic and basic amino acids that seems to play an important role in stabilizing coiled-coil dimers.
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The helical model was supported by several additional works, but ultimately it was determined in 2019 that features from both the helical and bifurcation models are consolidated by newly-discovered left-handed helical membrane junctions. Likely for ease, the thylakoid system is still commonly depicted by older "hub and spoke" models where the grana are connected to each other by tubes of stromal thylakoids. Grana consist of a stacks of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes. Each granum can contain anywhere from two to a hundred thylakoids, though grana with 10–20 thylakoids are most common.
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As of 2000, it was not known with certainty whether the electrostatic shielding was the result of site-specific binding of cations to the junction, or the presence of a diffuse collection of the ions in solution. The unstacked form is a nearly square planar, extended conformation. On the other hand, the stacked conformers have two continuous double-helical domains separated by an angle of about 60° in a right-handed direction. Two of the four strands stay roughly helical, remaining within each of the two double-helical domains, while the other two cross between the two domains in an antiparallel fashion.
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The GSTK1 enzyme is a homodimer and, like all GSTs, it contains a TRX-like domain and a helical domain. However, the GSTK1 is substantially different in its secondary structure compared to the other GSTs. The helical domain has been observed to be placed between the βαβ and ββα motifs of the TRX-like domain, rather than the TRX-like domain and the C-terminal helical domain being connected together by a short linker of alpha-helixes as normally seen in GSTs. Also, the GSTK1 dimer employs a butterfly shape and not a V-shaped crevice like in the other classes.
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Souder patented two helical designs, while Wheeler drafted helical stairway plans in 1905. Seeberger devised at least two helical designs between 1906 and 1911 (including an unrealized arrangement for the London Underground), and Gilbert Luna obtained West German, Japanese, and United States patents for his version of a spiral escalator by 1973. When interviewed for the Los Angeles Times that year, Luna was in the process of soliciting major firms for acquisition of his patents and company, but statistics are unclear on the outcome of these endeavors.Hillinger, Charles. "Spiral Escalator May Be his Wheel of Fortune", Los Angeles Times, November 11, 1973: 3.
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The cost of the Helical Camshaft is really only high when considered in comparison to a conventional camshaft which reportedly cost the manufacturers only a few dollars per unit to make. This fact does tend to make the Helical Camshaft look more expensive than it really is. Having said this, the cost of the Helical Camshaft (and associated controls etc.) is probably very similar to (or even cheaper) than other production VVA systems. The various prototypes have never shown any wear or ultimate strength (breakage) problems in the many hours of testing (some at very high RPM) they have undergone.
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This effect is called self-localization or self-trapping. Solitons in which the energy is distributed in a fashion preserving the helical symmetry are dynamically unstable, and such symmetrical solitons once formed decay rapidly when they propagate. On the other hand, an asymmetric soliton which spontaneously breaks the local translational and helical symmetries possesses the lowest energy and is a robust localized entity.
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In the Improver case, the patent covered a depilatory device having a curved "helical spring" driven by a motor. The spring when rotated gripped hairs between its coils and plucked them from the skin. The alleged infringement replaced the spring with a rubber rod having slits in its surface. The question was whether the slitted rubber rod was "a helical spring".
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Diagram showing the creation of alpha keratins helical structure. Keratin is a structural protein located at the hard surfaces in many vertebrates. Keratin has two forms, α-keratin and β-keratin, that are found in different classes of chordates. The naming convention for these keratins follows that for protein structures: alpha keratin is helical and beta keratin is sheet-like.
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The coupled-cavity TWT overcomes this limit by replacing the helix with a series of coupled cavities arranged axially along the beam. This structure provides a helical waveguide, and hence amplification can occur via velocity modulation. Helical waveguides have very nonlinear dispersion and thus are only narrowband (but wider than klystron). A coupled-cavity TWT can achieve 60 kW output power.
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Plate from a 16T Bitter magnet, 40cm diameter, made of copper. In operation it carries a current of 20 kiloamperes Bitter magnets are constructed of circular conducting metal plates and insulating spacers stacked in a helical configuration, rather than coils of wire. The current flows in a helical path through the plates. This design was invented in 1933 by American physicist, Francis Bitter.
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In 2007, Vadim N. Tsytovich and colleagues proposed that lifelike behaviors could be exhibited by dust particles suspended in a plasma, under conditions that might exist in space. Computer models showed that, when the dust became charged, the particles could self- organize into microscopic helical structures, and the authors offer "a rough sketch of a possible model of...helical grain structure reproduction".
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Human nuclear cap-binding protein complex shows the large subunit, CBC80 consists of 757 amino acid residues. Its secondary structure contains approximately sixty percent of helical and one percent of beta sheet in the strand. The small subunit, CBC20 has 98 amino acid residues. Its secondary structure contains approximately twenty percent of helical and twenty-four percent of beta sheet in the strand.
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Tektin filaments are present in a supercoiled state. This structure of tektins suggests that they are evolutionarily related to intermediate filaments. The proteins are predicted to form extended rods composed of 2 alpha- helical segments (~180 residues long) capable of forming coiled coils, interrupted by non-helical linkers. The 2 segments are similar in sequence, indicating a gene duplication event.
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As flow rate increases, so does the rotational speed of the rotors. ; Helical gear: Helical gear flow meters get their name from the shape of their gears or rotors. These rotors resemble the shape of a helix, which is a spiral-shaped structure. As the fluid flows through the meter, it enters the compartments in the rotors, causing the rotors to rotate.
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The S. elongates kaiA protein appears to have two domains, the amino and carboxyl regions, connected by a helical linker of about 50 residues.
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The SBDS protein contains three domains, an N-terminal conserved FYSH domain, central helical domain and C-terminal domain containing an RNA-binding motif.
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A Helical Dirac fermion is a charge carrier that behaves as a massless relativistic particle with its intrinsic spin locked to its translational momentum.
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"Fetal-type phosphorylation of the tau in paired helical filaments". Journal of Neurochemistry. 58 (5): 1667–75. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10039.x.
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This means that with the Helical Camshaft the old concept of a maximum power point in an RPM range no longer applies. With the Helical Camshaft the power continues to build until the “breathing” limit of the induction system is reached – or more likely, the mechanical strength limit of the engine's components is exceeded. The Helical Camshaft's typical 250 degree to 350 + degree duration range basically means that a suitably robust engine could “pull” strongly from about 1500 RPM to maybe 20,000 + RPM and still idle smoothly at 500 or 600 RPM. There has never been a mechanical VVA system that had either the duration range at full lift or the high RPM capability to do anything like this. “Camless” electromagnetic/hydraulic systems do have similar duration/lift ranges to the Helical Camshaft but at present their high RPM ability is strictly limited.
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The council chamber is located at the bottom of the helical stairway. The seats and desks for Assembly Members are arranged in a circular form.
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It can also be applied to other structures having axial chirality by considering the helical orientation of the "front" vs "back" Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rankings.
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Helical or oblique fibers around the long axis are generally present in two layers with opposite chirality and wrap around the central core of musculature.
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Kumar et al. (2015) proposed a helical Cauchy–Born rule for modeling slender bodies (such as nano and continuum rods) as special Cosserat continuum rods.
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Each coat protein on the interior of the helix bind three nucleotides of the RNA genome. Influenza A viruses differ by comprising multiple ribonucleoproteins, the viral NP protein organizes the RNA into a helical structure. The size is also different; the tobacco mosaic virus has a 16.33 protein subunits per helical turn, while the influenza A virus has a 28 amino acid tail loop.
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Similar to a vertical screen scroll centrifuge, a horizontal screen scroll centrifuge is constructed of several main parts: screen, scroll, basket, housing, and helical screw. The screen and the basket with frustoconical geometry are assembled into the housing in a horizontal axis. Inside the frustoconical structure there is a tubular wall. Inside the tubular wall there is a cylinder of helical screw which flight on scroll pass.
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Quietrevolution turbine at the Colston Hall, Bristol The Quietrevolution (often stylized with lower-case "q": quietrevolution) was a brand of vertical- axis wind turbine before going into administration in 2014. The helical design is most similar to the Gorlov helical turbine. Both are an evolution of the Darrieus wind turbine. It had won several awards including the "Sustainable Innovation Award" in 2006 but did not perform.
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A helical-wheel plot can be used to show this repeated pattern. Other α helices buried in the protein core or in cellular membranes have a higher and more regular distribution of hydrophobic amino acids, and are highly predictive of such structures. Helices exposed on the surface have a lower proportion of hydrophobic amino acids. Amino acid content can be predictive of an α -helical region.
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High-resolution multiturn potentiometers are used in precision applications. These have wire-wound resistance elements typically wound on a helical mandrel, with the wiper moving on a helical track as the control is turned, making continuous contact with the wire. Some include a conductive-plastic resistance coating over the wire to improve resolution. These typically offer ten turns of their shafts to cover their full range.
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This protein belongs to the CDKN2 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family. p16 comprises four ankyrin repeats, each spanning a length of 33 amino acid residues and, in the tertiary structure, forming a helix-turn-helix motif. One exception is the second ankyrin repeat, which contains only one helical turn. These four motifs are connected by three loops such that they are oriented perpendicular to the helical axes.
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Pneumoviruses are pleomorphic, capable of producing spherical and filamentous enveloped virions (virus particles) that vary in size from 150 to 200 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid consisting of a protein shell and viral nucleic acids has a helical symmetry. Nucleocapsids have a diameter of 13.5 nm and a helical pitch of 6.5 nm. The genome is composed of negative-sense single-stranded RNA that is non-segmented.
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A "barber's pole" with a helical stripe is a familiar sight, and is used as a secondary metaphor to describe objects in many other contexts. For example, if the shaft or tower of a lighthouse has been painted with a helical stripe as a daymark, the lighthouse could be described as having been painted in "barber's pole" colors. Likewise, borders may be marked and warnings.
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The PH-like region displays a protrusion that connects two beta-strands from the PH core that extend to interact with the helical lid found in the Sec14 domain. The function of the interaction between these two regions is presently unclear, but the structure implies a regulatory interaction that influences the helical-lid conformation in order to control ligand access to the lipid binding pocket.
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After designing the system to magnetically control microstructure movement, Schürle and her team designed improved tubular and helical magnetic microstructures as applications for this system. Both tubular and helical structures can be oriented and moved magnetically and they have enhanced drug loading capabilities due to higher surface-to-volume ration than spheres, as well as tubules having an open inner cavity that could be filled with drugs. Further, due to shape anisotropy, tubular and helical structures exhibit larger magnetization and are more easily oriented in magnetic fields. Schürle based the design of her nanostructures on biological organisms, such that the motion of the microhelices was inspired by bacterial corkscrew swimming movement.
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Helical scan recording writes short dense tracks in a diagonal manner. This method is used by virtually all current videotape systems and several data tape formats.
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Virions consist of a non-enveloped rod-shaped capsid, having a helical symmetry of 120–360 nm in length, and a width of 18–30 nm.
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Thus, the eukaryotic proteins are usually larger than the prokaryotic homologues. These proteins exhibit 10-13 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs) depending on the protein.
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The FERM domain is followed by an alpha-helical domain and a hydrophilic tail. Merlin can dimerize with itself and heterodimerize with other ERM family proteins.
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It is hard to imagine a use for more than about 400 degrees – and the Helical Camshaft potentially has another 300 or so degrees in hand.
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Dimers self-associate though the coiled-coil rods to form myosin filaments. The tail domain ends at the C-terminus with a 34-residue non- helical tailpiece.
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Candidalysin is a cytolytic 31-amino acid α-helical peptide toxin that is released by C. albicans during hyphal formation. It contributes to virulence during mucosal infections.
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Examination of the helical fracture pattern and dynamic impact scars of the bones from the Ajvide Settlement suggests that bone marrow extraction took place at this site.
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At the other extreme, glycine also tends to disrupt helices because its high conformational flexibility makes it entropically expensive to adopt the relatively constrained α-helical structure.
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Urbina C.,et al., « Rotating transverse helical nuclear magnetic ordering », Phys. Rev. Lett., 48, (1982), p. 206-209 These properties were studied by NMR and neutron diffraction.
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A left hand helical gear or left hand worm is one in which the teeth twist anticlockwise as they recede from an observer looking along the axis.
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"Infirmary vine," rang illiterates (beans). Rosin sours, insults truss abalones, nailed rules, helical atlases. Dear remodeling stings mar rents. Sunless shiner orb (silly idol.) Clarity disses senna.
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A helix in 3D has a handedness (either left or right, like screw thread), whereby it differs from its mirror image. An infinite helical staircase, however, does have symmetries: screw operations, that is, a combination of a translation and a rotation. The symmetry group of the mirror image of an infinite helical staircase also contains screw operations. But they are of the opposite handedness and, hence, the symmetry groups differ.
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Granum-stroma assembly structure The prevailing model of the granum- stroma assembly is stacks of granal thylakoids wrapped by right-handed helical stromal thylakoids which are connected to large parallel sheets of stromal thylakoids and adjacent right-handed helices by left-handed helical structures. (Based on ). Thylakoids are membrane-bound structures embedded in the chloroplast stroma. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum and resembles a stack of coins.
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Wrapped around the grana are multiple parallel right-handed helical stromal thylakoids, also known as frets or lamellar thylakoids. The helices ascend at an angle of ~20°, connecting to each granal thylakoid at a bridge-like slit junction. The stroma lamellae extend as large sheets perpendicular to the grana columns. These sheets are connected to the right-handed helices either directly or through bifurcations that form left-handed helical membrane surfaces.
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Sperm mitochondria differ in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially to form a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the capsule associated with the mitochondrial outer membranes and is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath.
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AlkD (green) recognizes DNA (multi-coloured) through HEAT repeat motifs. AlkD is made up of 237 amino acids, and has a molecular size of 25 kDa. It is composed of a tandem array of helical repeats reminiscent of HEAT motifs, which are known to facilitate protein-protein interactions and have not yet been associated with DNA binding or catalytic activity. It is a single-stranded protein with α-helical domain.
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Unlike both the zinc-binding domains, and the RNA polymerase domains, the C-terminal domains of DNA primases are not conserved. In prokaryotic primases, the only known function of this domain is to interact with the helicase, DnaB. Thus, this domain is called the helicase binding domain (HBD). The HBD of DnaG consists of two subdomains: a helical bundle, the C1 subdomain, and a helical hairpin, the C2 subdomain.
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Using cryo- EM it was shown that these are micellar tubes of ~5-6 nm diameter. Alpha- synuclein has also been shown to form lipid disc-like particles similar to apolipoproteins. EPR studies have shown that the structure of alpha synuclein is dependent on the binding surface. The protein adopts a broken-helical conformation on lipoprotein particles while it forms an extended helical structure on lipid vesicles and membrane tubes.
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Connective fibers, often collagenous, are arranged in a helical shape within the wall of the hydrostatic skeleton. The helical shape formed by these fibers allows for elongation and shortening of the skeleton, while still remaining rigid to prevent torsion. As the shape of the cylinder changes, the pitch of the helix will change. The angle relative to the long axis will decrease during elongation and increase during shortening.
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A spiral bevel gear is a bevel gear with helical teeth. The main application of this is in a vehicle differential, where the direction of drive from the drive shaft must be turned 90 degrees to drive the wheels. The helical design produces less vibration and noise than conventional straight-cut or spur-cut gear with straight teeth. A spiral bevel gear set should always be replaced in pairs i.e.
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Bacterial polysomes have been found to form double-row structures. In this conformation, the ribosomes are contacting each other through smaller subunits. These double row structures generally have a “sinusoidal” (zigzag) or 3-D helical path. In the “sinusoidal” path, there are two types of contact between the small subunits- “top-to-top” or “top-to- bottom”. In the 3-D helical path, only “top-to-top” contact is observed.
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As well as needing a pivoting follower, if the engine has four valves per cylinder then the follower must be forked so that the one Helical Camshaft lobe operates two valves. This is more a characteristic than a problem. If a really wide duration range is required, because axial space is somewhat limited along the camshaft, usually only room for one Helical Camshaft lobe (and its operating space) can be found.
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On March 14, 1961, Ampex introduced the first helical scan video recorder, the VR-8000, which recorded video using helical scan recording technology on 2-inch tape. The VR-8000 was made using a similar chassis used by Ampex's 2-inch quadruplex VTRs. Unlike the VR-660, it used only one video head on the scanner with a full alpha wrap. The first unit was working in January 1961.
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Bactofilins have been implicated in cell shape regulation in other bacteria, including curvature of Proteus mirabilis cells, stalk formation by Caulobacter crescentus, and helical shape of Helicobacter pylori.
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In addition, computer models predict a third α-helical domain in the transmembrane domain of Vpu, which could play an important role in the formation of ion channels.
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Oxyopinins have antimicrobial, haemolytic, and insecticidal activities. They are the largest linear cationic amphipathic peptides detected in the venom of any spider. They are structurally α-helical peptides.
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This portion of the EAA loop docks in a surface cleft formed between the RecA-like and helical ABC subdomains and lies approximately parallel to the membrane bilayer.
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The protein members of the PST family are generally of 400-500 amino acyl residues in length and traverse the membrane as putative α-helical spanners twelve times.
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In the case of the patient encumbered with several congenital defects of the ear or who has insufficient autologous cartilage to harvest, it might be infeasible to effect the corrections with grafts of rib cartilage. In such a case, the reconstructive Antia–Buch helical advancement technique might apply; it moves tissues from behind the ear rim, and then around and forward to repair the defective front of the ear rim. To perform the Antia–Buch helical advancement, with ink, the surgeon first designs the incision inside the helical rim and around the crus (shank) of the helix. Then cuts the skin and the cartilage — but does not pierce the posterior skin of the ear.
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SFTPC is a 197-residue protein made up of two halves: a unique N-terminal propeptide domain and a C-terminal BRICHOS domain. The around 100-aa long propeptide domain actually contains not only the cleaved part, but also the mature peptide. It can be further broken down into a 23-aa helical transmembrane propeptide proper, the mature secreted SP-C (24-58), and a linker (59-89) that connects to the BRICHOS domain. The propeptide of pulmonary surfactant C has an N-terminal alpha-helical segment whose suggested function was stabilization of the protein structure, since the mature peptide can irreversibly transform from its native alpha-helical structure to beta- sheet aggregates and form amyloid fibrils.
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The chemical background of hemiamyloidity is not clear. A hypothesis claims that short helical sections of a carbohydrate chain alternate with shorter or longer linear sections. The short helical sections, similar to dextrinoidity of glycogen, would cause the red reaction by inclusion of iodine atoms into the spiral, and the linear sections might curl up under the influence of KOH, resulting in long helical chains which cause a blue stain upon iodine inclusion. The hypothetical spiral structure of these macromolecules seems to be related to the extensibility of the ascus wall, which is a prerequisite for the active, explosive ejection of ascospores from an ascus when its high cell turgor is released.
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TPX2 has been reported to have two NLS-containing domains that mediate its localization to microtubules; one in the amino-terminal domain, and the other in the carboxy-terminal domain. In addition to an NLS, the carboxy- terminal domain of TPX2 consists of tandem repeats that cover over two-thirds of the protein and are computationally predicted to consist of predominantly alpha-helical content. This region can be further divided into five clusters of conserved residues separated by unstructured regions: α3-7. α3-6 all contain a central α-helical region that is followed by a characteristic "FKARP" motif. α7 is longer and exhibits a long α-helical stretch that is computationally predicted to form a coiled coil.
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On a possibly somewhat more practical level, dynamometer testing of road engines has shown that even with the Helical Camshaft limited to only about 30 degrees increase in duration, a typical road engine can increase its power by 25% to 30% at the same RPM power peak as the standard cam – and the idle and low RPM behaviour are totally normal. The application of the Helical Camshaft as a fuel saving tool is possibly an even more important application than just to maximise the power output of an engine. Testing of a Helical Camshaft prototype in a Suzuki GSX 250 cc engine has a shown a remarkable improvement in fuel economy at idle speeds.
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XLF is structurally similar to XRCC4, existing as a constitutive dimer with an N-terminal globular head domain, an alpha-helical stalk, and an unstructured C-terminal region (CTR).
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This allows the gears to be used in positive displacement pumping applications, as well as power transmission. Helical gears with low weight, accuracy and strength may be 3D printed.
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The entire light is covered on the exterior with steel plates. The lantern atop the tower has helical astragals, and housed a red 3-1/2 order Fresnel lens.
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A helical gear pressed in No. 3 counterweight drives twin contra-rotating balance shafts in the shaft housing within the lower crankcase. The AR engine replaces the AZ engine.
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The winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domain is typically 85-90 amino acids long. It is formed by a 3-helical bundle and a 4-strand beta-sheet (wing).
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APAF1 contains a CARD domain with a Greek key motif composed of six helices, a Rossman fold nucleotide binding domains, a short helical motif and a winged-helix domain.
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This process required no intermediate template or other type of mechanical guide for shaping the gear. Hobbing has become the preferred approach to manufacturing spur gears and helical gears.
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The Hirth F-40 is a four-cylinder, two-stroke, displacement, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive. It produces at 4800 rpm.
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Caenispirillum bisanense is a Gram-negative, helical-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Caenispirillum which has been isolated from dye works sludge from Korea.
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In the hornworts, elaters are branched clusters of cells that develop in the sporophyte alongside the spores. They are complete cells, usually without helical thickenings (except in the Dendrocerotaceae).
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Interaction between the toxin and the potassium channel induces a helical movement of S3C resulting in limited spatial freedom of the S4-segment which is responsible for channel gating.
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The plane containing the various helical axes, h, (three of them shown here) is the plane of the figure. The director points out of the plane of the figure in the center and it rotates as you move away from the center. This double twist structure is more stable than the single twist structure (i.e., the normal helical structure of chiral nematics) only up to a certain distance from the line at the center.
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Grana thylakoids and stroma thylakoids can be distinguished by their different protein composition. Grana contribute to chloroplasts' large surface area to volume ratio. A recent electron tomography study of the thylakoid membranes has shown that the stroma lamellae are organized in wide sheets perpendicular to the grana stack axis and form multiple right-handed helical surfaces at the granal interface. Left-handed helical surfaces consolidate between the right-handed helices and sheets.
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In 1948 Pauling discovered that many proteins included helical (see alpha helix) shapes. Pauling had deduced this structure from X-ray patterns and from attempts to physically model the structures. (Pauling was also later to suggest an incorrect three chain helical DNA structure based on Astbury's data.) Even in the initial diffraction data from DNA by Maurice Wilkins, it was evident that the structure involved helices. But this insight was only a beginning.
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On the other hand, there are some fragments that maintain the extended-helical conformation and others that don't, when domains from the N-terminus of the peptide are removed. Though these analogs preserve the hydrophobicity and cationicity characteristic of esculentin-2CHa. Other analogs that were studied had a helical form shorter than the original peptide and a higher charge at pH=7 (+9), when Asp20 and Asp27 residues were replaced by l-lysine.
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Con-P () and Con-E () were isolated from the only two fish-hunting cone snails of the Americas (Conus purpurascens and Conus ermineus, respectively). Con-P differs from the other known conantokins in that it contains a long disulfide loop with two Gla residues. It is less helical (estimated 44% helical content), but unlike con-G, it does not require calcium for stability of this structure. Another notable distinction is the increased discrimination for NR2B.
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This name reflects the fact that the structure of each protein is helical, and the intertwined pair is also a helical structure. Structural analysis of a pair of keratins shows that the two proteins that form the coiled-coil bind by hydrophobic. The charged residues in the central domain do not have a major role in the binding of the pair in the central domain. Cytoplasmic IFs assemble into non-polar unit-length filaments (ULFs).
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Supercoiling can be represented mathematically by the sum of twist and writhe. The twist is the number of helical turns in the DNA and the writhe is the number of times the double helix crosses over on itself (these are the supercoils). Extra helical twists are positive and lead to positive supercoiling, while subtractive twisting causes negative supercoiling. Many topoisomerase enzymes sense supercoiling and either generate or dissipate it as they change DNA topology.
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In 2009 he along with Peer Fischer demonstrated the use of glancing-angle deposition to fabricate magnetic helical nanorobots. His group worked out the theoretical formulae to describe the dynamics of such nanorobots and presented techniques for their independent control. In recent years his group has managed to demonstrate various applications of helical nanorobots including techniques to move in important biological environments, such as blood. and as probes for sensing the environment inside living cells.
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The Friedrichs condenser (sometimes incorrectly spelled Friedrich's) was invented by Fritz Walter Paul Friedrichs, who published a design for this type of condenser in 1912. It consists of a large water-cooled finger tightly fitted inside a wide cylindrical housing. The finger has a helical ridge along its length, so as to leave a narrow helical path for the vapor. This arrangement forces the vapor to spend a long time in contact with the finger.
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C1q is a 400 kDa protein formed from 18 peptide chains in 3 subunits of 6. Each 6 peptide subunit consists of a Y-shaped pair of triple peptide helices joined at the stem and ending in a globular non-helical head. The 80-amino acid helical component of each triple peptide contain many Gly-X-Y sequences, where X and Y are proline, isoleucine, or hydroxylysine; they, therefore, strongly resemble collagen fibrils.
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Domains 2-4, 6, and 8 are almost entirely alpha-helical, configured as a series of peptide repeats of varying regularity, and are thought to form a single-stranded alpha-helical rod stabilised by ionic interactions. Domain 6 is the most regular and may bind KIF directly by ionic interactions. Domains 5 and 7 are less well organised and may induce folds in the molecule. Domain 9 contains the C-terminus, conserved among different species.
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A helical resonator filter for the local oscillator injection of a VHF receiver. The view is from the bottom (shorted end) of the resonators. The local oscillator and RF amplifier boards attach to the bottom of the assembly and have loops that couple to the resonators forming respectively the input and output ports of the filter. A helical resonator is a passive electrical component that can be used as a filter resonator.
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Typically, an electric motor is mechanically connected to rotate a lead screw. A lead screw has a continuous helical thread machined on its circumference running along the length (similar to the thread on a bolt). Threaded onto the lead screw is a lead nut or ball nut with corresponding helical threads. The nut is prevented from rotating with the lead screw (typically the nut interlocks with a non-rotating part of the actuator body).
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The three arrangements most commonly used are: double reduction utilizing two pinion nested, double reduction utilizing two-pinion articulated, and double reduction utilizing two-pinion locked train. The gears used in a ship's reduction gearbox are usually double helical gears. This design helps lower the amount of required maintenance and increase the lifetime of the gears. Helical gears are used because the load upon it is more distributed then in other types.
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Video recording for a hemihelix with one perversion under water. Both ends are free to rotate. A hemihelix is a quasi-helical curved geometric shape characterized by repeated tendril perversions.
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The oxidizer turbopump uses a single-stage centrifugal pump with a helical inducer driven by a two-stage turbine. It rotates at 18,000 rpm and supplies a discharge pressure of .
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The defective exports of the mutant MBPs are consistent with the alpha-helical conformation and hydrophobic interactions of the signal peptide in its interaction with the translocon motor protein SecA.
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This orbital angular momentum corresponds to helical wavefronts, or, equivalently, a phase proportional to the azimuthal angle. Electron beams with quantized orbital angular momentum are also called electron vortex beams.
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He has published numerous books (in English and in Russian) on the subject of renewable energy, and was the original inventor of helical turbine, patented in the USSR in 1983.
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The Ampex 2-inch helical VTRs were popular, as they were priced much less than the 2-inch quadruplex videotape recorders used in the broadcast television industry at the time.
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The human homologue of TMEM205 is 189 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 21.2 kDa. It contains 4 hydrophobic helical domains that are predicted to be transmembrane domains.
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They possess about 440 amino acyl residues and display 12 putative transmembrane helical spanners. As of early 2016, no crystal structures for members of the LIVCS family are available on RCSB.
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Phycomyces is a genus of fungus in the Zygomycota phylum. They are known for their strong phototropism response and helical growth of the sporangium. The best studied species is Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
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The engine is a twin-cylinder two-stroke, horizontally-opposed, air-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive and a centrifugal clutch. It produces and weighs .
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The carboxy-terminal two-thirds of subunit 1 have 22 non-identical, tandem HEAT repeats that form rod-like, helical structures. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
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All gears are single helical form, precision cut from alloy casehardening steel, hardened and profile ground to a high degree of accuracy to ensure maximum mechanical efficiency and quietness of operation.
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The nuclear lamina consists of two components, lamins and nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments which can be categorized as either A-type (lamin A, C) or B-type (lamin B1, B2) according to homology of their DNA sequences, biochemical properties and cellular localization during the cell cycle. Type V intermediate filaments differ from cytoplasmic intermediate filaments in the way that they have an extended rod domain (42 amino acid longer), that they all carry a nuclear localization signal (NLS) at their C-terminus and that they display typical tertiary structures. Lamin polypeptides have an almost complete α-helical conformation with multiple α-helical domains separated by non-α-helical linkers that are highly conserved in length and amino acid sequence.
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In general, there are four main morphological virus types: ; Helical: These viruses are composed of a single type of capsomere stacked around a central axis to form a helical structure, which may have a central cavity, or tube. This arrangement results in rod-shaped or filamentous virions which can be short and highly rigid, or long and very flexible. The genetic material (typically single-stranded RNA, but ssDNA in some cases) is bound into the protein helix by interactions between the negatively charged nucleic acid and positive charges on the protein. Overall, the length of a helical capsid is related to the length of the nucleic acid contained within it, and the diameter is dependent on the size and arrangement of capsomeres.
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In cone-beam computed tomography (commonly abbreviated CBCT), the X-ray beam is conical. Helical (or spiral) cone beam computed tomography is a type of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) in which the source (usually of X-rays) describes a helical trajectory relative to the object while a two-dimensional array of detectors measures the transmitted radiation on part of a cone of rays emanating from the source. In practical helical cone beam X-ray CT machines, the source and array of detectors are mounted on a rotating gantry while the patient is moved axially at a uniform rate. Earlier X-ray CT scanners imaged one slice at a time by rotating source and one-dimensional array of detectors while the patient remained static.
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Chiral Photonics’ technology is an outgrowth of the 1997 discovery by two of the company's co-founders, Azriel Genack and Victor Kopp, that lasing in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films is a result of their unique self-assembling helical (chiral) microstructure. CLCs are the thin-film material often used to fabricate fish tank thermometers or mood rings, that change color with temperature changes. They change color because their molecules are arranged in a helical or chiral arrangement and with temperature the pitch of that helical structure changes, reflecting different wavelengths of light. Drs. Genack and Kopp decided to pursue the possibility that CLCs, with their natural chiral structure, could provide a platform for a versatile new class of photonic devices.
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At low RPM and part-load the Helical Camshaft would be all LIVC. At high RPM and full load it would still require long duration from the Helical Camshaft but the phase changing mechanism would need to alter the all-on-the-closing-flank duration increase to something of a more symmetrical duration increase. All this possibly could be done mechanically but the sensible arrangement probably would be an externally powered arrangement with a computer/microprocessor to sort out the required amounts LIVC and phasing. For HCCI operation the picture is less clear but the very short (and thus very fast) axial movement that would be needed to change the compression pressure would seem to make the Helical Camshaft very suitable for this process.
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Spur Gears on Horizontal CNC Gear Hobbing Machine Spur Gears on Horizontal CNC Gear Hobbing Machine Hobbing uses a hobbing machine with two skew spindles, one mounted with a blank workpiece and the other with the hob. The angle between the hob's spindle (axis) and the workpiece's spindle varies, depending on the type of product being produced. For example, if a spur gear is being produced, then the hob is angled equal to the lead angle of the hob; if a helical gear is being produced then the angle must be increased by the same amount as the helix angle of the helical gear. The hobbing features for gears are straight, helical, straight bevel, face, crowned, worm, cylkro and chamfering. .
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HLA-DP is an αβ-heterodimer cell-surface receptor. Each DP subunit (α-subunit, β-subunit) is composed of a α-helical N-terminal domain, an IgG-like β-sheet, a membrane spanning domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The α-helical domain forms the sides of the peptide binding groove. The β-sheet regions form the base of the binding groove and the bulk of the molecule as well as the inter-subunit (non-covalent) binding region.
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The basket, helical screw, screen filter, and other parts are designed to meet up the process input and certain performance. Most of the parts are made from metal to be able to handle the separation process. The bigger the bowl could contain more input but at the same time could increase the process and residence time. The helical screw is made to be able to hold and move the particle around to be able to control the cake movement.
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Most enveloped viruses are dependent on the envelope for their infectivity.Collier pp. 42–43 ; Complex: These viruses possess a capsid that is neither purely helical nor purely icosahedral, and that may possess extra structures such as protein tails or a complex outer wall. Some bacteriophages, such as Enterobacteria phage T4, have a complex structure consisting of an icosahedral head bound to a helical tail, which may have a hexagonal base plate with protruding protein tail fibres.
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Because of alternatively spliced from human mRNA of MOG gene forming at least nine isoforms. The crystal structure of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein was determined by x-ray diffraction at a resolution of 1.45 Angstrom, using protein from the Norway rat. This protein is 139 residues long, and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The dssp secondary structure of the protein is 6% helical and 43% beta sheet: there are three short helical segments and ten beta strands.
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Some proteins found to interact with TMEM261 TMEM261 contains a domain of unknown function, DUF4536 (pfam15055), predicted as a helical membrane spanning domain about 45aa (Cys 47- Ser 92) in length with no known domain relationships. Two further transmembrane helical domains are predicted of lengths 18aa (Val 52-Ala 69) and 23aa (Pro 81-Ala 102]). There is also a low complexity region spanning 25aa (Thr 14-Ala 39). The tertiary structure for TMEM261 has not yet been determined.
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Following a complete rotation, the object would be moved along its axis, and the next rotation started. Newer machines permitted continuous rotation with the object to be imaged slowly and smoothly slid through the X-ray ring. These are called helical or spiral CT machines. A subsequent development of helical CT was multi-slice (or multi-detector) CT; instead of a single row of detectors, multiple rows of detectors are used effectively capturing multiple cross-sections simultaneously.
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National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin - Milwaukee Pierhead Light. According to one source: "The original lantern room had helical bar windows and is believed to [be] the one presently on the Breakwater Light."Wobser, David, Milwaukee Pier Head Light, Boatnerd This is corroborated by the report that the Breakwater Light has a "round cast iron lantern room [that] features helical astragal" in the lantern.Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Milwaukee Breakwater Light.
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Axo-axonic synapses are found in the mauthner cells in goldfish. The axon hillock and initial axon segments of mauthner cells receive terminals from extremely fine unmyelinated fibers, which cover the axon hillock with helical projections. These helical projections around mauthner cells are also known as the axon cap. The difference between the axo-axonic synapses and other synapses on mauthner cells is that synapses on dendrites and soma receive myelinated fibers, while axons receive unmyelinated fibers.
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The base or shortest duration profile of the helical camshaft system is almost identical to a standard production engine profile. The helical camshaft base profile belongs to the general group of lobe shapes which are used with pivoting cam followers, especially those with a fairly high rocker ratio, around 2:1. This family of lobe profiles is characterised primarily by having a short lobe lift. Because of this the lobe has a very rounded-off (or “snub- nosed”) appearance.
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The H-1 flexible Heliac is a three field-period helical axis stellarator. Optimisation of the H-1 power supplies for low current ripple allows precise control of the ratio of secondary (helical, vertical) coil to primary (poloidal, toroidal) coil currents, resulting in a finely tunable magnetic geometry. Slight variation in the current ratio between shots (plasma discharges) in a sequence corresponds to a high resolution parameter scan through magnetic configurations (i.e.: rotational transform profile, magnetic well).
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Helical gears are sometimes used for the high-torque drives, typically the starter, as these give smoother running. However helical gears also generate an end-thrust, which then requires a more complicated thrust bearing to support them. The complexity of an accessory drive and its gears is so great that they were used as a theme by the anthropomorphic illustrator Boris Artzybasheff in advertising for the Avco Lycoming company, who were making drive gearboxes for the Westinghouse J40 engine.
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A transparent portable education demonstrator 3D-printed hybrid rocket fuel grain with dual helical fuel ports, a post combustion chamber, and a de Laval nozzle, shown prior to hot fire test. Additive manufacturing is currently being used to create grain structures that were otherwise not possible to manufacture. Helical ports have been shown to increase fuel regression rates while also increasing volumetric efficiency. An example of material used for a hybrid rocket fuel is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
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A mural helical stairway leads to the upper floors. The ground floor room has large alcoves. It has a vaulted ceiling with some wicker-marks. There are three storeys above the vault.
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ExoIII activity depends partially on the DNA helical structure and displays sequence dependence (C>A=T>G). ExoIII has also been reported to have RNase H, 3´-phosphatase and AP-endonuclease activities.
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Axial pressure angle and axial profile angle are the pressure angle and the profile angle in an axial plane of a helical gear or a worm, or of a spiral bevel gear.
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Helical turbines in water stream generate mechanical power independent on direction of the water flow. Then electric generators assembled upon the common shaft transfer the power into electricity for the commercial use.
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The engine is a 90° V-twin- cylinder four-stroke, displacement, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a mechanical helical-gear gearbox reduction drive. It employs dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces .
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Mechanical Engineering Design. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1983. In its typical parallel arrangement, meshing helical gears requires that the helix angles are of the same magnitude and cut oppositely .
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The superbead model was proposed by Renz in 1977. This structure is not helical like the other models, it instead consists of discrete globular structures along the chromatin which vary in size.
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Members of this protein group contain two antiparallel alpha helices that are linked by an inter-helix loop to form a helical hairpin. These monomers associate to form a simple trimeric arrangement.
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Manganese germanide (MnGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of manganese. Its crystals have a cubic symmetry with no inversion center, they are therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.
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Uragan-2M is a medium-sized stellarator with reduced helical corrugations. The unit has a torus radius of , a plasma radius of up to , and a toroidal magnetic field of up to .
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Virions of this genus are between 80–100 nm and consists of an enveloped ribonucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. The genomes are segmented, consisting of four strands of negative- sense single-stranded RNA.
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Porter-Cable is an American company that manufactures power tools. Known for pioneering the portable belt sander, helical-drive circular saw, and portable band saw, it is a subsidiary of Stanley Black & Decker.
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Bioinformatic analysis suggests these proteins are of about 450 residues and possess 12 or 14 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. No crystal structure data are available for GntP proteins as of early 2016.
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The latter works by beginning with a simple, low resolution 3D starting model and compares the experimental images to projections of the model and creates a new 3D to bootstrap towards a solution. Methods are also available for making 3D reconstructions of helical samples (such as tobacco mosaic virus), taking advantage of the inherent helical symmetry. Both real space methods (treating sections of the helix as single particles) and reciprocal space methods (using diffraction patterns) can be used for these samples.
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In 1951 and 1952, together with William Cochran and Vladimir Vand, Crick assisted in the development of a mathematical theory of X-ray diffraction by a helical molecule. This theoretical result matched well with X-ray data for proteins that contain sequences of amino acids in the alpha helix conformation. Helical diffraction theory turned out to also be useful for understanding the structure of DNA. Late in 1951, Crick started working with James Watson at Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, England.
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Through in-line probing and mutational studies the fluoride riboswitch of the organism Thermotoga petrophila is recognized to have two helical stems adjoined by a helical loop with the capacity to become a pseudoknot. The bound fluoride ligand is found to be located within the center of the riboswitch fold, enclosed by three Mg2+ ions. The Mg2+ ions are octahedrally coordinated with five outer backbone phosphates and water molecules making a metabolite specific pocket for coordinating the fluoride ligand to bind.
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Researchers Ausmees et al. recently proved that, like animal intermediate filament proteins, crescentin has a central rod made up of four coiled-coil segments. Both intermediate filament and crescentin proteins have a primary sequence including four α-helical segments along with non-α-helical linker domains. An important difference between crescentin and animal intermediate filament proteins is that crescentin lacks certain consensus sequence elements at the ends of the rod domain which are conserved in animal lamin and keratin proteins.
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Helical symmetry is given by the formula P = μ x ρ, where μ is the number of structural units per turn of the helix, ρ is the axial rise per unit and P is the pitch of the helix. The structure is said to be open due to the characteristic that any volume can be enclosed by varying the length of the helix. The most understood helical virus is the tobacco mosaic virus. The virus is a single molecule of (+) strand RNA.
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CLWS produces a line of pistols and pistol-caliber carbines. Calico firearms feature a top-mounted helical-feed 50- or 100-round magazine that ejects spent shells from a port in the bottom, making a brass catcher practical in various situations. The Calico 9 mm pistols, carbines and submachine guns use the roller-delayed blowback principle used in the Heckler & Koch series of firearms. At the 2012 SHOT Show, Calico exhibited a prototype 12 gauge shotgun with top-mounted helical magazine.
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Another interesting direction of research has led to the creation of helical silica particles coated with magnetic materials that can be maneuvered using a rotating magnetic field. Scanning Electron Microscope image of a Helical nanomotor Such nanomotors are not dependent on chemical reactions to fuel the propulsion. A triaxial Helmholtz coil can provide directed rotating field in space. Recent works have shown how such nanomotors can be used to measure viscosity of non-newtonian fluids at a resolution of a few microns.
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In a "relaxed" double-helical segment of B-DNA, the two strands twist around the helical axis once every 10.4–10.5 base pairs of sequence. Adding or subtracting twists, as some enzymes can do, imposes strain. If a DNA segment under twist strain were closed into a circle by joining its two ends and then allowed to move freely, the circular DNA would contort into a new shape, such as a simple figure- eight. Such a contortion is a supercoil.
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Whitaker was able to rapidly build such a system, scanning out a cone-shaped area 45 degrees on either side of the nose. The spiral and helical scan systems produced very different displays from the same basic data. With the helical-scan system, the radar dish was moving horizontally, producing a series of stripes across the screen while scanning up and down so subsequent lines were above or below the last pass. This created a raster scan display, not unlike a television.
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The double helix makes one complete turn about its axis every 10.4–10.5 base pairs in solution. This frequency of twist (known as the helical pitch) depends largely on stacking forces that each base exerts on its neighbours in the chain. Double-helical RNA adopts a conformation similar to the A-form structure. Other conformations are possible; in fact, only the letters F, Q, U, V, and Y are now available to describe any new DNA structure that may appear in the future.
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The bands are combined, separated and stored by an assembly located at the base of the column. The result is an efficient (50%-80%) telescoping lifting column. To incorporate the device into a lift system, multiple helical band actuators are arranged below the lift platform where they are powered by an electric motor(s) and synchronized transmission. Helical band actuators require a separate lateral support mechanism, usually provided in the form of guide rails or self-guiding frame, such as a pantograph (e.g.
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Manganese monosilicide (MnSi) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of manganese. It occurs in cosmic dust as the mineral brownleeite. MnSi has a cubic crystal lattice with no inversion center; therefore its crystal structure is helical, with right-hand and left-hand chiralities. MnSi is a paramagnetic metal that turns into a ferromagnet at cryogenic temperatures below 29 K. In the ferromagnetic state, the spatial arrangement of electron spins in MnSi changes with magnetic field, forming helical, conical, skyrmion, and regular ferromagnetic phases.
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Wilkins was handicapped because Franklin had all of the good DNA. Wilkins got new DNA samples, but it was not as good as the original sample he had obtained in 1950 and which Franklin continued to use. Most of his new results were for biological samples like sperm cells, which also suggested a helical structure for DNA. In July 1952 Franklin reported to him and Stokes that her newest results made her doubt the helical nature of the A-form.
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There are several lower-resolution methods for assigning general helical structure. The NMR chemical shifts (in particular of the Cα, Cβ and C′) and residual dipolar couplings are often characteristic of helices. The far-UV (170–250 nm) circular dichroism spectrum of helices is also idiosyncratic, exhibiting a pronounced double minimum at around 208 and 222 nm. Infrared spectroscopy is rarely used, since the α-helical spectrum resembles that of a random coil (although these might be discerned by, e.g.
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The amino acids in a standard π-helix are arranged in a right- handed helical structure. Each amino acid corresponds to an 87° turn in the helix (i.e., the helix has 4.1 residues per turn), and a translation of along the helical axis. Most importantly, the N-H group of an amino acid forms a hydrogen bond with the C=O group of the amino acid five residues earlier; this repeated i + 5 → i hydrogen bonding defines a π-helix.
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Editing occurs in 100% of transcripts in human brain. Editing levels are lower in other tissues. Deletion analysis determined that editing requires 5' portion of intron B. The predicted minimum fragment required for editing to occur contains inverted repeat structure separated by 120 nucleotides. The inverted repeat contains 3 double stranded elements of 22-23 base pairs with distortion after 15-17 base pairs with mismatched pairs in helical structure 1 and 3 and a bulge in helical structure 2.
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In addition, an ALPS motif has been identified in the extreme C-terminal region of PI4KB, which favors its association with unsaturated or loosely packed membranes regions. Cartoon representation of the helical and kinase domains of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta with a nucleoside analogue. Helical domain is colored in salmon, N-lobe of the kinase domain in gold, C-lobe in aquamarine, a specific inhibitor bound in the active site between the lobes in the stick representation. PDB code: 4WAG.
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With a twin Helical Camshaft arrangement and suitable controls, an engine could have both extreme power output and also be very fuel efficient. There is also the possibility of even greater fuel efficiency at the expense of outright power. The Helical Camshaft and the general principle of LIVC also allow the possible use of a very high compression ratio (CR). The idea here being to use a very high geometrical CR but limit the compression pressure by LIVC so as to avoid detonation.
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These dual cab locomotives had a roof access ladder on one side only, just to the right of the cab access door. The roof access ladder end was designated the no. 1 end. The cabs were connected by a corridor along the centre of the locomotive. Class 14E1 spoked wheelset with helical gear With the exception of the Class 9E, all previous South African electric locomotives ran on spoked wheels and used spur gears. The Swiss-built Class 14E ran on solid wheels and used double helical or herringbone gears with a traction motor to wheel gear ratio of 20:103, while the locally built Class 14E1 was delivered with the traditional spoked wheels but with helical gears and a traction motor to wheel gear ratio of 18:67.
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The core region consists of an alpha helical disk. The convex side of this disk has type 2 calcium-binding sites. They are important for allowing interaction with the phospholipids at the plasma membrane.
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Latarcins are short antimicrobial peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi. Latarcins adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure in the plasma membrane. Possible pharmacological applications for latarcins include antimicrobial and anticancer treatments.
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Voith Schneider propellers use four untwisted straight blades turning around a vertical axis instead of helical blades and can provide thrust in any direction at any time, at the cost of higher mechanical complexity.
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Similar to chirality planes, chirality axes arise from an axis about which the spatial arrangement of substituents creates chirality. This can be seen in helical molecules (see section 3a) as well as some alkenes.
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The product of exponentials formula represents the kinematics of an open-chain mechanism as the product of exponentials of twists, and may be used to describe a series of revolute, prismatic, and helical joints.
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Many programs were used to analyze the predicted secondary structure for TMEM275. It was found to have a highly varied structure. However, prediction data supports the alpha helical structure of the two transmembrane domains.
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The Walker B motif is a β-strand. The Walker motifs are connected to each other by a peptide sequence of about 100 residues. Structurally, these connecting residues fold into an α-helical domain.
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The obestatin structure to the right was determined by NMR. The length of the polypeptide was found to be 24 residues with a secondary structure 29% helical. Specifically 2 helices and 7 residues are formed.
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Anisoceratid shells begin as an irregular helical spiral which typically becomes confined to a single plane with growth. This is usually followed by at least a single straight shaft. Ribs and tubercles are common features.
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EMBO J., 31, 1714-26.Ian C. Berke, Xiong Yu, Yorgo Modis & Edward H. Egelman (2012). MDA5 assembles into a polar helical filament on double-stranded RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, 18437-41.
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Schematic representation of transmembrane proteins: 1) a single transmembrane α-helix (bitopic membrane protein). 2) a polytopic transmembrane α-helical protein. 3) a polytopic transmembrane β-sheet protein. The membrane is represented in light yellow.
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A helical insert A helical insert is an insert made of coiled wire. The helically formed coils of diamond shaped stainless steel or phosphor bronze wire screw into a threaded hole to form a mating internal thread for a screw or stud. These inserts provide a convenient means of repairing stripped-out threads and are also used to provide stronger threads in soft materials such as aluminium, zinc die castings, wood, magnesium etc. than can be obtained by direct tapping of the base metal involved.
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Biol Bull, 158(1):58–68, February 1980. The two dimensional stiffness allows for the body of the eel to be modeled a pressurized cylinder with the fiber angle of the cross helical arrangement dictating the method by which the eel moves. Eel skin behaves like skin having a fiber angle greater than 45°. In an eel with the cross helical fiber arrangement, muscle contraction in the anterior region bends the fish, and so the skin on the convex side is extended in the longitudinal direction.
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The Volkswagen variator is referred to as a 'fluted variator', owing to the shape of the hydraulic components. Unlike the Alfa Romeo system with its helical splines and indirect actuation,Hydraulic action in the Alfa Romeo is axial, using helical splines to then cause a rotation of the variator. the Volkswagen system has a direct rotational action. The internal components of the variator resemble a paddle wheel inside a loose casing, so that it is free to move a few degrees from side to side.
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By the end of 1951 it was generally accepted at King's that the B form of DNA was a helix, but after she had recorded an asymmetrical image in May 1952, Franklin became unconvinced that the A form of DNA was a helix.Wilkins, p. 176. In July 1952, as a practical joke on Wilkins (who frequently expressed his view that both forms of DNA were helical), Franklin and Gosling produced a funeral notice regretting the 'death' of helical crystalline DNA (A-DNA).Wilkins, p. 182.
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A coil spring may also be used as a torsion spring: in this case the spring as a whole is subjected to torsion about its helical axis. The material of the spring is thereby subjected to a bending moment, either reducing or increasing the helical radius. In this mode, it is the Young's Modulus of the material that determines the spring characteristics. Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to form cylindrical coil springs.
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The structure of AQP4 consists of six-transmembrane domains and five connecting loops to form the channel. Through x-ray crystallography, it was found that “each AQP4 monomer consists of six helical, membrane-spanning domains and two short helical segments surrounding a narrow aqueous pore.” At the narrowest point the aqueous pore measures 2.8 angstroms, just large enough for the single-file passage of water molecules. While each monomer is individually capable of water transport, the quaternary structure of the channel is a tetramer.
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Through research carried out by Mary Karpen, Pieter De Haseth and Kenneth Neet, factors in the partial stability in 310-helices were uncovered. The helices are most noticeably stabilized by an aspartate residue at the nonpolar N-terminus that interacts with the amide group at the helical N-cap. This electrostatic interaction stabilizes the peptide dipoles in a parallel orientation. Much like the contiguous helical hydrogen bonds that stabilize α-helices, high levels of aspartate are just as equally important in the survival of the 310-helix.
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This C-terminal region spans the last 150 amino acids of the HSF1 protein and contains 2 TADs (TAD1 and TAD2). TAD1, which sits at amino acids 401-420, is largely hydrophobic and is predicted to take on an alpha-helical conformation. TAD1 has been shown to directly interact with target DNA to direct HSF1's transcriptional activation. The structure of TAD2, amino acids 431-529, is not expected to be helical as it contains proline residues in addition to hydrophobic and acidic ones.
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Torsion bars and torsion fibers do work by torsion. However, the terminology can be confusing because in helical torsion spring (including clock spring), the forces acting on the wire are actually bending stresses, not torsional (shear) stresses. A helical torsion spring actually works by torsion when it is bent (not twisted). We will use the word "torsion" in the following for a torsion spring according to the definition given above, whether the material it is made of actually works by torsion or by bending.
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This translates to a figure of around 3.5 (crankshaft) degrees per millimetre of axial movement. of movement would give 105 degrees of duration change. Although the Helical Camshaft is capable of far more than this, it has been found in testing that this amount is sufficient for most purposes. Little force is needed to move the shaft axially so there is a possibility that when using the Helical Camshaft for LIVC load control alone the axial movement could be connected directly and mechanically to the accelerator pedal.
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After the agreed closure of David Morgan's, the property assets inside the various holdings companies were sold in late 2004 for £25 million to property firm Helical Bar. David Morgan Limited, Deymel Investments Limited and the Cardiff Arcade Company Limited are now all in liquidation. Between 2007 and 2008 the whole site was refurbished by Helical Bar, with the arcades restored. The companies spent £30M on restoring both the Morgan and Royal arcades, with some first- floor Venetian windows and original wooden storefronts still surviving.
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From 1963 to 1970, Ampex manufactured several models of VTR 2-inch helical VTRs, capable of recording and playing back analog black and white video. Recording employed non-segmented helical scanning, with one wrap of the tape around the video head drum being a little more than 180 degrees, using two video heads. One video drum rotation time was two fields of video. The units had two audio tracks recorded on the top edge of the tape, with a control track recorded on the tape's bottom edge.
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Voltage- gated sodium channels are large, multimeric complexes, composed of a single α subunit and one or more β subunits, an illustration of which may be observed in the adjacent image. The α subunit folds into four homologous domains, each of which contain six α-helical transmembrane segments. The S4 segments of each domain serve as voltage sensors for activation. Each S4 segment consists of a repeating structure of one positively charged residue and two hydrophobic residues, and these combine to form a helical arrangement.
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The double helical gear set can also be called a herringbone gear and consists of two oppositely angled sets of teeth. A single set of helical teeth will produce a thrust parallel to the axle of the gear (known as axial thrust) due to the angular nature of the teeth. By adding a second set opposed to the first set, the axial thrust created by both sets cancels each other out. When installing reduction gears on ships the alignment of the gear is critical.
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CKK represents a domain that has evolved with the metazoa. The structure of this domain in murine hypothetical protein has shown the domain to adopt a mainly beta barrel structure with an associated alpha-helical hairpin.
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The passenger cars were suspended with helical coil springs on conventional bogies. They each had ten seats and were long and wide. They had a weight of each and had Coit's automatic couplings at both ends.
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A possible companion has been reported on the basis of a helical outflow of material apparently originating from HD 316285. This would be caused by a jet being twisted into a spiral shape by orbital motion.
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Tran-X differentials use clutch plates, rather than the helical gears found in Quaife's ATB differential. These products are generally more popular in rallying, where the differential's locking action can be beneficial in loose gravel surfaces.
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The lantern room measures in diameter. Helical bars support the glass panes in the onion- domed topped lantern room. The lantern room originally housed an unusual 3 ½-order Fresnel lens manufactured by Barbier & Benard of Paris.
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The spreader could be jets of steam, mechanical arms, or a fast rotating plate. Later designs also mechanised the retrieval of the coal from the tender using steam ram powered pushers and/or a helical screw.
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Heliotron J is a fusion research device in Japan, specifically a helical-axis heliotron designed to study plasma confinement in this type of device. It is located at the Institute of Advanced Energy of Kyoto University.
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"Overhead view", or helical wheel diagram, of a leucine zipper, where d represents leucine, arranged with other amino acids on two parallel alpha helices. A leucine zipper (or leucine scissors) is a common three-dimensional structural motif in proteins. They were first described by Landschulz and collaborators in 1988 when they found that an enhancer binding protein had a very characteristic 30-amino acid segment and the display of these amino acid sequences on an idealized alpha helix revealed a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues were proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation and the leucine side chains from one alpha helix interdigitate with those from the alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization.
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Starting with a liquid crystal in the nematic phase, the desired helical pitch (the distance along the helical axis for one complete rotation of the nematic plane subunits) can be achieved by doping the liquid crystal with a chiral molecule. For light circularly polarized with the same handedness, this regular modulation of the refractive index yields selective reflection of the wavelength given by the helical pitch, allowing the liquid-crystal laser to serve as its own resonator cavity. Photonic crystals are amenable to band theory methods, with the periodic dielectric structure playing the role of the periodic electric potential and a photonic band gap (reflection notch) corresponding to forbidden frequencies. The lower photon group velocity and higher density of states near the photonic bandgap suppresses spontaneous emission and enhances stimulated emission, providing favorable conditions for lasing.
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This is linked to the C-terminal tail with a linker region. The recent discovery of the 3D structure sheds light on how this protein tailors its shape to perform a variety of functions. For example, vinculin is able to control the cell’s motility by simply altering its shape from active to inactive. When in its ‘inactive’ state, vinculin’s conformation is characterized by the interaction between its head and tail domains. And, when transforming to the ‘active’ form, such as when talin triggers binding, the intramolecular interaction between the tail and head is severed. In other words, when talin’s binding sites (VBS) of α-helices bind to a helical bundle structure in vinculin’s head domain, the ‘helical bundle conversion’ is initiated, which leads to the reorganization of the α-helices (α1- α-4), resulting in an entirely new five-helical bundle structure.
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A similar variety of dense crystalline structures have also been discovered for columnar packings of spheroids through Monte Carlo simulations. Such packings include achiral structures with specific spheroid orientations and chiral helical structures with rotating spheroid orientations.
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Borrelia anserina is a helical spirochete bacterium with dimensions around 8-20/0,2-0,3 μm and with five to eight spirals. Their mobility is very high. B. anserina can be colored with the May Grunwald-Giemsa method.
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The protein TMEM260 consists of 707 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 79,536 Da. The protein has an isoelectric point of 8.4. TMEM260 is a multi- pass membrane protein which includes 8 helical transmembrane domains.
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Straight fluted drill bits do not have a helical twist like twist drill bits do. They are used when drilling copper or brass because they have less of a tendency to "dig in" or grab the material.
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One application that has used heatshrink in large quantities since the early 1970s is the covering of fibreglass helical antennas, used extensively for 27 MHz CB Radio. Many millions of these antennas have been coated this way.
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The engine also incorporates a 1½ engine order balance shaft mounted under the crankshaft driven by helical gears to manage engine vibration. It is currently fitted to the Kia Picanto, Kia Rio, Hyundai i10 and i20 models.
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Halofolliculina corallasia has a lorica that is attached as an outer structure, and into which it retracts when disturbed. There are three phases in the formation of lorica: agglomeration in a natural cast; helical extension; and stabilization.
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Leptonema are Gram-negative bacteria, very thin, helical bacteria of about 0.1-0.2 μm in diameter and 13 to 21 μm. length. They are usually unicellular, but can also be seen as short chains in growing cultures.
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The di-helical helix-turn-helix motif is the simplest helix-turn-helix motif. A fragment of Engrailed homeodomain encompassing only the two helices and the turn was found to be an ultrafast independently folding protein domain.
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Ronald L. Ives, "The Augerino Oil Company". Coronet (Chicago), June 1938, pp. 53-57. In 2008, a new helical fossil found in New Mexico was named augerinoichnus helicoidalis in honor of the augerino.Nicholas J. Minter et al.
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The 9 nm alpha- helical neck region of each MHC-α head non-covalently binds two light chains, atrial essential light chain (MYL4) and atrial regulatory light chain (MYL7). Approximately 300 myosin molecules constitute one thick filament.
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Uhlenbeck was first published in 1968 at Harvard University for an article titled, “Some Effects on Noncomplementary Bases on the Stability of Helical Complexes of Polyribonucleotides.” The study overviews the conformation of specific polyribonucleotide sequences. The group used synthetic polyribonucleotides with slight distortions and studied whether their conformations stayed in the helical formation or if they took on a new formation. They determined that some of the instability in formation could be due to the non-complementary bases or the bases directly next to those that are non-complementary.
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The shear stress in the shaft may be resolved into principal stresses via Mohr's circle. If the shaft is loaded only in torsion, then one of the principal stresses will be in tension and the other in compression. These stresses are oriented at a 45-degree helical angle around the shaft. If the shaft is made of brittle material, then the shaft will fail by a crack initiating at the surface and propagating through to the core of the shaft, fracturing in a 45-degree angle helical shape.
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Peripherin was discovered as being the major intermediate filament in neuroblastoma cell lines and in rat pheochromocytoma cells. It is classified by gene structure and coding sequence as a type III intermediate filament protein because of its homology with vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and desmin. All intermediate filament proteins share a common secondary structure consisting of three main domains, the most conserved of which is the central α-helical rod domain. This central coil is capped by non-helical head (N-terminal) and tail (C-terminal) domains.
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The α-helical rod domain contains repeating segments of hydrophobic amino acids, such that the first and fourth residues of every set of seven amino acids are usually nonpolar. This specific structure enables two intermediate filament polypeptides to coil together and create a "hydrophobic seal". The rod also contains specific placement of alternating acidic and basic residues, many of which are spaced 4 amino acids apart. This spacing is optimal for the formation of ionic salt bridges, which serve to stabilize the α-helical rod through intrachain interactions.
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The arrangement of connective tissue fibers determines the range of motion of a body, and serves as an antagonist against muscle contraction. The most commonly observed connective tissue arrangement for soft bodied animals consists of layers of alternating right and left-handed helices of connective tissue fibers which surround the hydraulic body. This cross helical arrangement is seen in the tube feet starfish, different types of worms and suckers in octopus. This cross helical arrangement allows for the connective tissue layers to evenly distribute force throughout the hydrostatic body.
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The bacterial cytoskeleton may not be as complex as that found in eukaryotes; however, it contains proteins that are highly similar to actin monomers and polymers. The bacterial protein MreB polymerizes into thin non-helical filaments and occasionally into helical structures similar to F-actin. Furthermore, its crystalline structure is very similar to that of G-actin (in terms of its three-dimensional conformation), there are even similarities between the MreB protofilaments and F-actin. The bacterial cytoskeleton also contains the FtsZ proteins, which are similar to tubulin.
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Like eukaryotic intermediate filaments, crescentin organizes into filaments and is present in a helical structure in the cell. Crescentin is necessary for both shapes of the Caulobacter prokaryote (vibroid/crescent-shape and helical shape, which it may adopt after a long stationary phase). The crescentin protein has 430 residues; its sequence mostly consists of a pattern of 7 repeated residues which form a coiled-coil structure. The DNA sequence of the protein has sections very similar to the eukaryotic keratin and lamin proteins, mostly involving the coiled-coil structure.
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This complex network of alternating helical membrane surfaces of different radii and pitch was shown to minimize the surface and bending energies of the membranes. This new model, the most extensive one generated to date, revealed that features from two, seemingly contradictory, older models coexist in the structure. Notably, similar arrangements of helical elements of alternating handedness, often referred to as “parking garage” structures, were proposed to be present in the endoplasmic reticulum and in ultradense nuclear matter. This structural organization may constitute a fundamental geometry for connecting between densely packed layers or sheets.
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As the skeleton forms the structure of the body, it is vital that it maintains its strength, even after breaks and injuries. Collagen is used in bone grafting as it has a triple helical structure, making it a very strong molecule. It is ideal for use in bones, as it does not compromise the structural integrity of the skeleton. The triple helical structure of collagen prevents it from being broken down by enzymes, it enables adhesiveness of cells and it is important for the proper assembly of the extracellular matrix.
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The first NMR spectrum of a double-helical DNA was published in 1977 using a synthetic, 30-base-pair double helix. To overcome sever line-broadening in native DNA, sheer-degraded natural DNA was prepared and studied to learn about the persistence length of double-helical DNA. At the same time, nucleosome core particles were studied to gain further insight of the flexibility of the double helix. The first NMR spectra reported for a uniform low molecular weight native-sequence DNA, made with restriction enzymes, was reported 1981.
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There is a large alpha helical section near the start of the protein which extends to near the midpoint of the protein, then two smaller helical sections are near the end (see conceptual translation below). Predicted tertiary structure (I-TASSER) The tertiary structure of CCDC92 was predicted using I-TASSER and is shown to the right. I-TASSER has moderate confidence in the reliability of this structure (C-Score of -1.61). This structure is remarkably similar to that of an antiparallel domain in the protein PcsB in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Among the characteristics of the genus is a green pigmentation of the anterior end, its two-pointed setae, and its curious reflex escape mechanisms. When touched, L. variegatus will attempt to escape, either by swimming in a helical ("cork-screw") fashion, or by reversing its body. The escape pattern used depends on where the worm is touched: anterior touch elicits body reversal, whereas posterior touch triggers helical swimming. L. variegatus has quick reflexes, and uses its photo-receptors to detect shadows and movement, both used to escape threats.
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A diagram of gashing with slitting cutters The process is similar to that outlined for the universal milling machine except a gashing angle is not used. When gashing spur gears, racks, or bevel gears the cutter is plunged into the workpiece and then moved linearly in the proper direction. If a helical gear is being roughed out, then the table rotates and moves along the vertical axis to interpolate the helical path. The two most common cutting tools are formed milling cutters and cutters with indexable carbide inserts.
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The helical N- and C-termini of flagellin form the inner core of the flagellin protein, and is responsible for flagellin's ability to polymerize into a filament. The middle residues make up the outer surface of the flagellar filament. While the termini of the protein are quite similar among all bacterial flagellins, the middle portion is wildly variable and can be absent in some species. The flagellin domains are numbered from the helical core (D0/D1) to the outside (D2, ...); when viewed from the amino-acid sequence, D0/D1 appears on the two termini.
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One of the first tests was to use a manual scanning system in place of the spiral or helical systems, allowing the operator to scan the sky using controls on his receiver sets. Once a target was found, they could flip a switch and the system would track that target automatically from that point. After considerable effort, they decided this concept simply didn't work, and that the mechanical scanning systems were a better solution. The team then began to compare the performance and ease-of-use of the helical vs.
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MHC-β is a 223 kDa protein composed of 1935 amino acids. MHC-β is a hexameric, asymmetric motor forming the bulk of the thick filament in cardiac muscle. MHC-β is composed of N-terminal globular heads (20 nm) that project laterally, and alpha helical tails (130 nm) that dimerize and multimerize into a coiled-coil motif to form the light meromyosin (LMM), thick filament rod. The 9 nm alpha-helical neck region of each MHC-β head non- covalently binds two light chains, essential light chain (MYL3) and regulatory light chain (MYL2).
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Virions of ACV are non-enveloped and in the shape of hollow cylinders approximately 230±10 by 19±1 nanometers (nm) in size. The cylindrical shape is formed by the coiling of a nucleoprotein filament as a helical spring. This coil-like structure is itself formed by two intertwining halves of a circular, ssDNA molecule in another helical shape that is covered by capsid proteins. Each end of the cylindrical virion has an appendage about 20±2 nm in length protruding from the virion at a 45° angle relative to the axis of the virion.
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Han, Sang-Hun; Lee, Kwang- Soo; Yum, Ki-Dai; Park, Woo-Sun; Park, Jin-Soon, Evaluation of helical turbine efficiency for tidal current power plant based on in-situ experiment, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, Singapore, Oct 13-18, 2009, Vol 4, 315-321. "Among the other vertical-axis turbine systems, the Davis Hydro turbine, the EnCurrent turbine, and the Gorlov Helical turbine have all undergone scale testing at laboratory or sea. Overall, these technologies represent the current norm of tidal current development."J. Khan and G. Bhuyan (2009).
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Hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein (tau inclusions, pTau) can result in the self-assembly of tangles of paired helical filaments and straight filaments, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and other tauopathies. All of the six tau isoforms are present in an often hyperphosphorylated state in paired helical filaments in the Alzheimer's disease brain. In other neurodegenerative diseases, the deposition of aggregates enriched in certain tau isoforms has been reported. When misfolded, this otherwise very soluble protein can form extremely insoluble aggregates that contribute to a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Helical antennas can operate in one of two principal modes — normal mode or axial mode. In the normal mode or broadside helical antenna, the diameter and the pitch of the aerial are small compared with the wavelength. The antenna acts similarly to an electrically short dipole or monopole, equivalent to a 1/4 wave vertical and the radiation pattern, similar to these antennas is omnidirectional, with maximum radiation at right angles to the helix axis. For monofilar designs the radiation is linearly polarized parallel to the helix axis.
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The reduced size of a helical provides the same radiation pattern in a much more compact physical size with only a slight reduction in signal performance. An effect of using a helical conductor rather than a straight one is that the matching impedance is changed from the nominal 50 ohms to between 25 and 35 ohms base impedance. This does not seem to be adverse to operation or matching with a normal 50 ohm transmission line, provided the connecting feed is the electrical equivalent of a 1/2 wavelength at the frequency of operation.
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The asymmetric loop between helical sections 8a and 8b and the adjacent base paired 8b section are a prominent property of every SRP RNA. Helical section 8b contains non-Watson- Crick base pairings which contribute to the formation of a flatted minor groove in the RNA suitable for the binding of protein SRP54 (called Ffh in the bacteria). The apical loop of helix 8 contains four, five, or six residues, depending on the species. It has a highly conserved guanosine as the first and an adenosine as the last loop residue.
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In addition to interconnecting the supergrid system, the West Burton 400 kV substation also feeds into the local 132 kV network. This connection is made via two 240 MVA, 400/132 kV auto- transformers manufactured by Associated Electrical Industries. The windings consists of a tertiary winding, a common, a tapping and a series winding. They are arranged so that the helical single layer tertiary winding is nearest the core, the continuous disc common winding next, followed by the interleaved full-length helical type tapping winding and the multi-layer type series winding and line shield.
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PI4KB is composed of a proline-rich N-terminal region, a central helical domain, and a kinase domain located C-terminally. The N-terminal region contains a physiologically important binding site for a Golgi adaptor protein ACBD3, but is likely disordered and dispensable for the kinase activity. The central helical domain is responsible for the interaction with a small guanosine triphosphatase Rab11. The kinase domain can be divided into N-terminal and C-terminal lobes with the ATP binding groove and putative phosphatidylinositol binding pocket in a cleft between the lobes.
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But as a production car camshaft must ideally last for the life of the vehicle, there must remain some doubt until really long-term testing is carried out. However, indications are that there would probably be no insoluble long-term problems. A helical camshaft must operate through a lift-multiplying pivoting follower. The Helical Camshaft could not really be used with an inverted bucket type of follower. Even though the inverted bucket is still used, it is being increasingly replaced both in road and racing engines by the pivoting “finger” follower.
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There are two types of centrifuge designed for sludge thickening and both methods depends on the same solid-liquid separation principal. The first method is "solid bowl centrifuge", a horizontally-arranged helical screw that admits sludge, removes solid in a countercurrent fashion while allowing liquids to pass through. The moving shaft consists of a set of helical scrolls which push the solid waste against the flow of incoming sludge. As solid content starts to build up, it will become too heavy and then drops down to a collection bin.
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Due to the identical form of their building blocks, solenoid domains can only assume a limited number of shapes. Two main topologies are possible: linear (or open, generally with some degree of helical curvature) and circular (or closed).
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A U-drive screw has a helical thread with an angle acute enough to be driven by a hammer, and thus has a domed head with no means of turning it. These are most frequently driven into plastic.
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This image shows helical segments of a filamentous plant virus.Kendall, A., McDonald, M., Bian, W., Bowles, T., Baumgarten, S. C., Shi, J., … Stubbs, G. (2008). Structure of Flexible Filamentous Plant Viruses. Journal of Virology, 82(19), 9546–9554.
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The two-start twisted-ribbon model was proposed in 1981 by Worcel, Strogatz and Riley. This structure involves alternating nucleosomes stacking to form two parallel helices, with the linker DNA zig-zagging up and down the helical axis.
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Also, the existence of a sequence motif does not necessarily imply a distinctive structure. In most DNA motifs, for example, it is assumed that the DNA of that sequence does not deviate from the normal "double helical" structure.
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Secondary structure of the human SRP RNA. Helices are numbered from 2 to 8. Helical sections in gray are named with lower case letters. Residues are numbered in increments of ten. The 5′- and 3′-ends are indicated.
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The N terminal domain is a dimer. Each monomer has an alpha helical hairpin in which the two alpha helices are connected by a tight 3-residue turn. Hairpins from two monomers associate as a four-helix bundle.
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The structure of the enzyme was first solved by X-ray crystallography in 1997; and has since been solved several times with various substrates. It is a large alpha- helical protein which binds heme as a redox cofactor.
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Lyssavirions are enveloped, with bullet shaped geometries. These virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long. Lyssavirions have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. This is typical of plant-infecting viruses.
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Coilover shock absorbers are usually a kind of twin-tube gas charged shock absorber inside the helical road spring. They are common on motorcycle and scooter rear suspensions, and widely used on front and rear suspensions in cars.
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The ACPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. The structures of a number of acyl carrier proteins have been solved using various NMR and crystallography techniques.
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This also allows more complex shapes to be performed, such as vee notches. In some cases, a helical end mill cutter may be used. Computer numerical control (CNC) notching is enabling designers to work with more complex geometries.
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Laminins are trimeric molecules; laminin-1 is an alpha1 beta1 gamma1 trimer. It has been suggested that the domains I and II from laminin A, B1 and B2 may come together to form a triple helical coiled- coil structure.
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Secretoglobins (SGCBs) are a family of small, alpha-helical, disulfide linked, dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This family was formerly known as the Uteroglobin/Clara cell 10-kDa family, after the two aliases of its founding member Uteroglobin.
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While the N-lobe is mainly composed by β-sheet strands, the larger C-lobe predominantly consists of α-helical and loop structures. Between both lobes a catalytic cleft is formed, accommodating substrates and ATP for the kinase reaction.
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Human ADAM7 contains a sequence of 756 amino acids. Numerous mammalian orthologs are currently known. The largest portion of ADAM7 resides in the extracellular space. A short helical transmembrane sequence anchors the sequence while a short cytoplasmic sequence exists.
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GT Track Package included the complete Brembo Brake package, a 3.73:1 Torsen helical cut limited slip differential, Boss 302 aluminum radiator, Boss 302 engine oil cooler, and numerous suspension changes. Recaro sport seat option added for the Coupe.
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As the rod lengthens, the RNA passes through a channel in its center and forms a loop at the growing end. In this way the RNA can easily fit as a spiral into the interior of the helical capsid.
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It usually has white or black bands on its forehead. This color pattern found both in young and adults. The ear has a helical margin that is pulled upward and towards the back. The anterior superior margins are rolled.
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Tools like multislice helical computed tomography can be used for detailed documentation of injuries, tissue damage and complications like air embolism and pulmonary aspiration of blood. This type of digital autopsies offer certain advantages when compared to traditional autopsies.
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SBDβ serves as a binding pocket for client proteins or peptide and SBDα serves as a helical lid to cover the binding pocket. An inter-domain linker connects NBD and SBD, favoring the information of an NBD–SBD interface.
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TMEM275 (Transmembrane protein 275) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.
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These devices combine the good confinement properties of tokamaks and the steady-state nature of conventional stellarators. The Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is such a quasi-helically symmetric stellarator (helical axis of symmetry).
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Figure 1: Perspective view on a double twisted structure with two helical axes, h1 and h2. The directors perform a rotation of 90° across the diameter. In Reinitzer's reports from 1888 on the melting behaviour of cholesteryl benzoate, there is a note that the substance briefly turned blue as it changed from clear to cloudy upon cooling. This subtle effect remained unexplored for more than 80 years until experimental results were published during the late 1960s and early 1970s that indicated that the blue color was due to at least two new and very different liquid crystalline phases.Timothy J. Sluckin, David A. Dunmur, Horst Stegemeyer: Crystals That Flow - Classic Papers from the History of Liquid Crystals, Liquid Crystals Series, Taylor & Francis London 2004, For almost 100 years, scientists assumed that the most stable cholesteric helical structure could be described by a single helical axis about which the director rotates.
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Each satellite had a mass of 2.4 metric tons and featured two photovoltaic arrays, providing 1.8 kW of power. Three large antennas and numerous, small helical antennas permitted data relays in the 15/14, 15/11, and 0.9/0.7 GHz bands.
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The fan gearbox with a gear ratio of 3:1 would have been derived from the Rolls- Royce Tyne gearbox, so it can be concluded that the SuperFan gearbox would have been realised as a planetary design with single helical gearing.
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These were terminated by the Southern Railway's Operating Department, as the riding of the locomotives at speeds near rendered the locomotives unsafe. The instability of No. A890 at speed was attributed to the helical springs on the Bissel truck and bogie.
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Mob relaxases nick at origin of transfer (oriT) to initiate the process of DNA mobilization and transfer known as bacterial conjugation. Relaxases are so named because the single-stranded DNA nick that they catalyze lead to relaxation of helical tension.
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The BRCT2 domain of Lig IV hydrogen bonds with XRCC4 at this domain through multiple residues and introduces a kink in the two alpha helical tails. The helix-loop-helix clamp connected to the BRCT-linker also makes extensive contacts.
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The GC-content is ~35%. The genome encodes 200-300 proteins that are transcribed in operons. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine may be present in the genome (instead of thymidine). The tubular tail has helical symmetry and is 16-20 nm in diameter.
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The species is helical in shape and moves in water through flagella.Yoon, J. H., Kang, S. J., Park, S., Lee, S. Y. & Oh, T. K. (2007b). Reclassification of Aquaspirillum itersonii and Aquaspirillum peregrinum as Novispirillum itersonii gen. nov., comb. nov.
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Like other mollicutes, they show a high host specificity. IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects ; Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1243–1255 (2004).
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Helical band actuators do not suffer from platform drift because they are rigid mechanical devices. Traveling nut screw jacks and rigid chain actuators can also be effective at addressing these issues with hydraulic jacks, and are also used for stage lifts.
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The helical scan method reduces the X-ray dose to the patient required for a given resolution while scanning more quickly. This is, however, at the cost of greater mathematical complexity in the reconstruction of the image from the measurements.
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The conformational change alters the residues facing the pore axis and triggers the formation of new electrostatic bonds subunit and salt bridges that offset the high energetic cost of unfavorable α-to-π helical transition that occurs during channel opening.
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Oliver Garfield also sold the Otis King's Patent Calculator, a helical slide rule, under the Geniac brand. Initially he resold the ones manufactured by Carbic, Ltd., but his later products had no serial numbers so were probably his own version.
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This subunit is present in 4 copies per dynactin molecule. It contains three short alpha-helical coiled- coil domains that bind to two copies of p150-glued (DCTN1) and two copies of p24 (DCTN3) to form the dynactin shoulder domain.
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Leaves are flat, long and narrow, shorter than the scape but only about 5 mm across, generally twisted in a helical fashion. Umbel is hemispheric, densely crowded with many flowers. Tepals pink with a dark red midvein.Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von. 1814.
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These continuously forming and collapsing volumetric displacements may take the form of pistons reciprocating in cylinders, gear teeth mating against the internal wall of a meter or through a progressive cavity created by rotating oval gears or a helical screw.
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One of the first drawings of a magnetic field, by René Descartes, 1644, showing the Earth attracting lodestones. It illustrated his theory that magnetism was caused by the circulation of tiny helical particles, "threaded parts", through threaded pores in magnets.
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Supramolecular chemistry is a field concerned with non- covalent interactions between macromolecules. Salt bridges have been used by chemists within this field in both diverse and creative ways, including sensing of anions, the synthesis of molecular capsules and double helical polymers.
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Watson and Crick talked endlessly about DNA and the idea that it might be possible to guess a good molecular model of its structure. A key piece of experimentally-derived information came from X-ray diffraction images that had been obtained by Wilkins, Franklin, and Gosling. In November 1951, Wilkins came to Cambridge and shared his data with Watson and Crick. Alexander Stokes (another expert in helical diffraction theory) and Wilkins (both at King's College) had reached the conclusion that X-ray diffraction data for DNA indicated that the molecule had a helical structure—but Franklin vehemently disputed this conclusion.
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Despite the existence of multiple species of Stigmaria, our understanding of the underground organs is based primarily on the widespread species Stigmaria ficoides. The stigmarian organs originate from the base of the trunk as four major axes extending horizontally, leading to a relatively shallow rooting system. Lateral appendages are attached to each axis in a helical pattern. These appendages would abscise as the plant grew, resulting in the characteristic circular external scars of Stigmaria fossil specimens. Although these appendages are often called “stigmarian rootlets,” their helical arrangement and growth abscission are actually more characteristic of leaves than modern lateral roots.
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The large globular domains from both ends of the molecule are removed by C- and amino(N)-terminal-proteinases to generate triple-helical type III collagen monomers called tropocollagen. In addition, crosslinks form between certain lysine and hydroxylysine residues. In the extracellular space in tissues, type III collagen monomers assemble into macromolecular fibrils, which aggregate into fibers, providing a strong support structure for tissues requiring tensile strength. The triple-helical conformation, which is a characteristic feature of all fibrillar collagens, is possible because of the presence of a glycine as every third amino acid in the sequence of about 1000 amino acids.
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Crystal structures of resistin reveal an unusual composition of several subunits that are held together by non-covalent interactions that make up its structure. The crystal structure shows a multimeric assembly consisting of hexamer-forming disulfide bonds. Each protein subunit comprises a carboxy-terminal disulfide- rich beta sandwich "head" domain and an amino-terminal alpha-helical "tail" segment. The alpha-helical segments associate to form three-stranded coils, and surface-exposed interchain disulfide linkages mediate the formation of tail-to-tail hexamers. The globular domain from resistin contains five disulfide bonds (Cys35-Cys88, Cys47-Cys87, Cys56-Cys73, Cys58-Cys75, and Cys62-Cys77).
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This allows the now-amplified signal to be extracted. In systems like the magnetron or klystron, this is accomplished with another resonant cavity. In the helical designs, this process occurs along the entire length of the tube, reinforcing the original signal in the helical conductor. The "problem" with traditional designs is that they have relatively narrow bandwidths; designs based on resonators will work with signals within 10% or 20% of their design, as this is physically built into the resonator design, while the helix designs have a much wider bandwidth, perhaps 100% on either side of the design peak.
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Granum-stroma assembly structure The prevailing model of the granum-stroma assembly is stacks of granal thylakoids wrapped by right-handed helical stromal thylakoids which are connected to large parallel sheets of stromal thylakoids and adjacent right- handed helices by left-handed helical structures. (Based on). Using a light microscope, it is just barely possible to see tiny green granules—which were named grana. With electron microscopy, it became possible to see the thylakoid system in more detail, revealing it to consist of stacks of flat thylakoids which made up the grana, and long interconnecting stromal thylakoids which linked different grana.
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In the transmission electron microscope, thylakoid membranes appear as alternating light-and-dark bands, 8.5 nanometers thick. For a long time, the three-dimensional structure of the thylakoid membrane system had been unknown or disputed. Many models have been proposed, the most prevalent being the helical model, in which granum stacks of thylakoids are wrapped by helical stromal thylakoids. Another model known as the 'bifurcation model', which was based on the first electron tomography study of plant thylakoid membranes, depicts the stromal membranes as wide lamellar sheets perpendicular to the grana columns which bifurcates into multiple parallel discs forming the granum-stroma assembly.
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End-view of a 3-sided, left handed β-helix () A β-helix is formed from repeating structural units consisting of two or three short β-strands linked by short loops. These units "stack" atop one another in a helical fashion so that successive repetitions of the same strand hydrogen-bond with each other in a parallel orientation. See the β-helix article for further information. In lefthanded β-helices, the strands themselves are quite straight and untwisted; the resulting helical surfaces are nearly flat, forming a regular triangular prism shape, as shown for the 1QRE archaeal carbonic anhydrase at right.
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The KCNE family subunits are type I membrane proteins with an extracellular N-terminus and intracellular C-terminus. The transmembrane domain is alpha helical in KCNE1, 2 and 3 and predicted to also be helical in KCNE4 and KCNE5. The acknowledged role of members of the KCNE family is as Kv channel beta subunits, regulating the functional properties of Kv alpha subunits, with all three segments of the beta subunit contributing to binding, functional modulation and/or trafficking modulation to a greater or lesser degree. The high resolution structure of KCNE5 has not yet been determined, as of 2016.
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Since 1976 Gorlov has been teaching Mechanical Engineering in the Northeastern University combining it with extensive research work in the area of harnessing renewable energy from water flows and wind. In the pursuit of his lifelong dream of creating inexpensive, environmentally friendly hydro-power, Gorlov has developed helical turbines for use in the river, tidal, and open ocean currents. His innovation has led to a series of patents for the Gorlov Helical Turbine which shows great promise for alleviating the worldwide crisis in energy use. This invention was named one of Popular Science's top 100 innovations of 2001.
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Stokes lectured in physics at Royal Holloway College, London before joining John Randall's Biophysics Research Unit at King's College London in 1947. He has been credited as being the first person to demonstrate that the DNA molecule was probably helical in shape. Maurice Wilkins wrote in his autobiography that he asked Stokes to predict what a helical structure would look like as an x-ray diffraction photograph, and that he was able to determine this by the next day through mathematical calculations made during a short train journey. Stokes continued to work on optical diffraction in large biological molecules.
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Syntaxin consists of a transmembrane domain (TMD), alpha-helical SNARE domain, a short linker region, and the Habc domain which consists of three alpha-helical regions. The SNARE domain in syntaxin serves as a target site for docking of SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin in order to form the four helix bundle requisite to the SNARE complex and subsequent fusion. The Habc domain, however, serves as an autoinhibitory domain in syntaxin. It has been shown to fold over and associate with the SNARE domain of syntaxin inducing a "closed" state, creating a physical barrier to the formation of the SNARE motif.
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The topology of the well-characterized human Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) conforms to a UraA-like topology of 14 TMSs (12 α-helical TMSs and 2 mixed coil/helical TMSs). All functionally characterized members of the APC superfamily use cation symport for substrate accumulation except for some members of the AE family which frequently use anion:anion exchange. All new entries contain the two 5 or 7 TMS repeat units characteristic of the APC superfamily, sometimes with extra TMSs at the ends likely the result of an addition prior to duplication. The CstA family contains the greatest variation in TMSs.
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The Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric proteins (PHIST) or ring- infected erythrocyte surface antigens (RESA) are a family of protein domains found in the malaria-causing Plasmodium species. It was initially identified as a short four-helical conserved region in the single-domain export proteins, but the identification of this part associated with a DnaJ domain in P. falciparum RESA (named after the ring stage of the parasite) has led to its reclassification as the RESA N-terminal domain. This domain has been classified into three subfamilies, PHISTa, PHISTb, and PHISTc. The PHIST proteins are exported to the cytoplasm of the infected erythrocyte.
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The Ski2 like helicase Mtr4p was discovered during the screening of heat resistant mutants that gather Poly(A) RNA in the nucleus and is mainly involved in unwinding activity. Mtr4p (also called as Dob1p) is an SF2 helicase and belongs to DExH-box RNA helicases family consisting of two RecA like domains. It also consists of WH domain (Winged Helix domain), an Arch domain (also called as stalk and KOW domain [Kyprides, Ouzounis, Woese domain]) and helical bundle domain. The packing of the WH and helical bundle domains on surface of the helicase core results in the formation of a channel for ssRNA.
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The duration of the Helical Camshaft is changed by moving the outer shaft of the coaxial arrangement in a lengthwise (or axial) direction. The helix angle of the Helical Camshaft is probably always going to be around 30 to 35 degrees. The helix angle has its origin in the width of the segment used (normally about ) and the 20-degree region of constant radius on the nose of the lobe (this usually measures about 7 mm in circumference). The diagonal split line across this area thus must generally be at about 35 degrees to the axis of the camshaft.
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Also known as "combined two shaft coaxial combined profile with helical movement", this system is not known to be used in any production engines."Performance Buildups" Magazine Vol.15 No.1 Pages 30–35 Author: Paul Tuzson"Two Wheels" Magazine July 2008 pages 74–75 Author Jeremy Bowdler"Fast Fours" Magazine July 2004 pages 100–108 Author: Paul Tuzson It has a similar principle to the previous type, and can use the same base duration lobe profile. However instead of rotation in a single plane, the adjustment is both axial and rotational giving a helical or three-dimensional aspect to its movement.
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The alternating twists model was initially presented with the helicity changing every half turn, but later long stretches of each helical direction were later proposed. However, these models suffered from a lack of experimental support. Under torsional stress, a Z-DNA structure can form with opposite twist to B-form DNA, but this is rare within the cellular environment. The discovery of topoisomerases and gyrases, enzymes that can change the linking number of circular nucleic acids and thus "unwind" and "rewind" the replicating bacterial chromosome, solved the topological objections to the B-form DNA helical structure.
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Hanukoglu's career in molecular biology started at the Department of Biochemistry of the University of Chicago (1980-1983 with Elaine Fuchs), where he cloned and sequenced cDNAs coding for cytoskeletal proteins, actin and alpha keratins. He elucidated the first structures of cytoskeletal keratin families, and predicted the long helical domains of these proteins. By computerized analysis of amino acid sequences he predicted that the central rod domain of intermediate filament proteins is composed of four helical segments separated by three short linker sequences. Later crystallographic studies have confirmed this as a general model for intermediate filament protein structure.
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Stereochemical information of a chiral monomer can be expressed in a supramolecular polymer. Helical supramolecular polymer with P-and M-conformation are widely seen, especially those composed of disc-shaped monomers. When the monomers are achiral, both P-and M-helices are formed in equal amounts. When the monomers are chiral, typically due to the presence of one or more stereocenters in the side chains, the diastereomeric relationship between P-and M-helices leads to the preference of one conformation over the other. Typical example is a C3-symmetric disk-shaped chiral monomer that forms helical supramolecular polymers via the “majority rule”.
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A tendril of Bryonia dioica exhibiting tendril perversion Cucurbita pepo exhibiting tendril perversion A telephone handset cord exhibiting tendril perversion Tendril perversion upon release and the new type of perversions, obtained with gift ribbons Tendril perversion, often referred to in context as simply perversion, is a geometric phenomenon found in helical structures such as plant tendrils, in which a helical structure forms that is divided into two sections of opposite chirality, with a transition between the two in the middle. A similar phenomenon can often be observed in kinked helical cables such as telephone handset cords. The phenomenon was known to Charles Darwin, who wrote in 1865, The term "tendril perversion" was coined by Goriely and Tabor in 1998 based on the word perversion found in the 19th Century science literature. "Perversion" is a transition from one chirality to another and was known to James Clerk Maxwell, who attributed it to the topologist J. B. Listing.
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The oblique or helical muscle arrays in the muscular hydrostats are located in the periphery of the structure, wrapping the inner core of musculature, and this peripheral location provides a larger moment through which the torque is applied than a more central location. The effect of helically arranged muscle fibers, which may also contribute to changes in length of a muscular hydrostat, depends on fiber angle—the angle that the helical muscle fibers make with the long axis of the structure. The length of the helical fiber is at a minimum when the fiber angle equals 54°44′ and is at maximum length when the fiber angle approaches 0° and 90°. Summed up, this means that helically arranged muscle fibers with a fiber angle greater than 54°44′ will create force for both torsion and elongation while helically arranged muscle fibers with a fiber angle less than 54°44′ will create force for both torsion and shortening.
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Mutagens can be physical, such as radiation from UV rays, X-rays or extreme heat, or chemical (molecules that misplace base pairs or disrupt the helical shape of DNA). Mutagens associated with cancers are often studied to learn about cancer and its prevention.
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The rod domains of two neurofilament proteins dimerize to form an alpha-helical coiled coil. Two dimers associate in a staggered antiparallel manner to form a tetramer. This tetramer is believed to be the basic subunit (i.e. building block) of the neurofilament.
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Treponema isoptericolens is a spirochaete from the hindgut of the termite Incisitermes tabogae. Its cells are motile, helical in shape, 0.4–0.5 μm in diameter and generally 12–20 μm long; it is obligately anaerobic, with type strain SPIT5T (=DSM 18056T =JCM 13955T).
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Oval leaf scars are oriented with the long axis parallel to the length of the stem axis. While the scars show the leaves to be in a helical arrangement, the leaves would have had a flattened orientation on either side of the axis.
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M. milleri can be distinguished from M. foxii by the structure of the mature pollen cones which in M. milleri have sporophylls that are separated by elongation of the bud scales and transition from a helical arrangement to a disorganized one with maturation.
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Helical xenon flashtube being fired Frame 1: The tube is dark. Frame 2: The trigger pulse ionizes the gas. Spark streamers form. Frame 3: Spark streamers connect and move away from the glass, and a plasma tunnel forms allowing amperes to surge.
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Normal pressure angle and normal profile angle are the pressure and profile angles in a normal plane of a helical or a spiral tooth. In a spiral bevel gear, unless otherwise specified, profile angle means normal profile angle at the mean cone distance.
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SUMO-1 protein (PDB:1a5r). The central part shows relatively ordered structure. Conversely, the N- and C-terminal regions (left and right, respectively) show ‘intrinsic disorder’, although a short helical region persists in the N-terminal tail. Ten alternative NMR models were morphed.
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This enzyme has 8 helical domains anchoring it in the Golgi membrane of the ER;Burg, J.S., Espenshade, P.J., 2011. Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase in mammals and yeast. Prog. Lipid Res. 50, 403-410 the catalytic domain is in the cytosol.
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Cavatappi is macaroni formed in a helical tube shape. Cavatappi is the Italian word for corkscrews. It is known by other names, including cellentani, amori, spirali, or tortiglione. It is usually scored with lines or ridges (rigati in Italian) on the surface.
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Iron germanide (FeGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of iron. At ambient conditions it crystallizes in three polymorphs with monoclinic, hexagonal and cubic structures. The cubic polymorph has no inversion center, it is therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.
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In collaborative and interdisciplinary projects Rabe contributed to the development of advanced functional materials, including dendronized and conjugated polymers, multivalent biopolymer complexes, ultrathin films of conjugated molecules, supramolecular polymers and helical nanofilaments, nanographenes, and 2D materials as well as mixed 2D/3D heterostructures.
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It shares similar markings with the St. Augustine Light. Another lighthouse, with helical markings—red and white 'candy cane stripe'-- is the White Shoal Light (Michigan), which is the only true 'barber pole' lighthouse in the United States.Wobser, David, Boatnerd.com, White Shoal Light.
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As a farewell to the MR2, Toyota produced 1000 limited- production V-Edition cars for Japan and the UK. They are distinguished by different color wheels, titanium interior accents, minor body changes, a helical limited-slip differential, and different steering wheel trim.
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Here it forms a triple-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet. This ß-sheet has an overall right-handed twist6. This β-sheet consists of eight hydrogen bonds. The folded tip is held stable by two α-helical and two β-turn hydrogen bonds.
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The screw-shaped shaft of an excavated Olivier Pile An Olivier pile is a drilled displacement pile:. This is an underground deep foundation pile made of concrete or reinforced concrete with a screw-shaped shaft (helical shaft) which is performed without soil removal.
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The arrangement of the non-canonical bases allow long-range RNA interactions, recognition of proteins and other molecules, and structural stabilizing elements. Many of the common non-canonical base pairs can be added to a stacked RNA stem without disturbing its helical character.
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The palace returned in the 19th century to the property of the Serristori family. The interior has a helical staircase (1650) by Gherardo Silvani.Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at :it:Palazzo Serristori; see its history for attribution.
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The secondary structure for SMIM15 is largely alpha- helical with alpha helices making up 62.16% (46 amino acids) of the protein. Random coil makes up 25.68% (19 amino acids) and extended strands make up 12.16% (9 amino acids) of the SMIM15 protein.
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The two magnetos were mounted transversely on the top of camshaft on the propeller end. The drive shafts of the magnetos were joined together and driven from the camshaft via helical gears. The engine was said to produce up to 110 hp at 1800 rpm.
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The proteins making up the capsid are called capsid proteins or viral coat proteins (VCP). The capsid and inner genome is called the nucleocapsid. Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral structure.
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This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. This gene encodes a protein associated with the tau-based paired helical filament core, and may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.
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On top of the tower is a communications spire. A recreation centre including a swimming pool is located on 39th floor, between the commercial and residential sections. The carpark is accessed via a helical annexe. The tower has an open plaza and promenade space totaling .
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The well-studied tobacco mosaic virus is an example of a helical virus.Collier p. 37 ; Icosahedral: Most animal viruses are icosahedral or near-spherical with chiral icosahedral symmetry. A regular icosahedron is the optimum way of forming a closed shell from identical sub- units.
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It used video tape in a reel-to-reel format, meaning the tape had to be manually threaded around the helical scan video head drum. The CV-2000 was one-tenth the weight and price of other analog video recording products of its era.
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The two levels were connected via a helical staircase. The main gates must have been on the northern side, it is believed. Eight towers made of brick surrounded the castle. All evidence indicates this structure to have been a military fortress of some sorts.
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Treponema succinifaciens is an anaerobic spirochete bacterium first discovered in the intestines of swine in 1981. The helical cells of T. succinifaciens grow to 16 μm in length and often form chains of cells when cultured. T. succinifaciens is gram-negative and non spore-forming.
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VS ribozyme undergo horizontal gene transfer with other Neurospora strains. VS ribozymes have nothing in common with other nucleolytic ribozymes. VS RNA has a unique primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. The secondary structure of the VS ribozyme consists of six helical domains (Figure 1).
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The engine is a twin rotor four-stroke, air and liquid-cooled, , gasoline Wankel engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive, employing a helical gear set, with reduction ratio of 2.96:1. It employs dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces at 7500 rpm.
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The amino-terminal alpha-helical domain particularly the amino acid residues His158 (histidine in position 158) and Asp143 (aspartic acid in position 143) form a catalytic triad with the substrate for acetyl transfer. There are eight alpha helices that form the N-terminal domain.
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RNase E was suggested to be a part of the cell membrane protein complex, as it sediments with ribosomes and crude membranes. Microscopy has localized tagged RNase E to the inner cytoplasmic membrane or a helical cytoskeletal structure closely associated with the inner layer.
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The mating helical rotors create a progressive cavity which opens to admit fluid, seals itself off and then opens up to the downstream side to release the fluid. This happens in a continuous fashion and the flowrate is calculated from the speed of rotation.
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HBC amphiphiles in polar solvents solvophobically assemble into a 2D bilayer membrane, which roles up into a helical tape or a nanotubular polymer. Conceptually similar amphiphilic design based on cyanine dye and zinc chlorin dye also polymerize in water resulting in nanotubular supramolecular polymers.
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The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry, whether radial, bilateral, or spherical. A minority, however, exhibit no symmetry. One example of asymmetric invertebrates includes all gastropod species. This is easily seen in snails and sea snails, which have helical shells.
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The model is computationally a parallel code (written in Fortran) with parallelizations in all modules, which allows for simulations of morphological developments on fine grids over long periods of time. The model is typically applied with as much 25,000 computational points over periods of several years or even decades. The most important secondary flow in rivers is the so-called helical flow, with its name derived from Helios (the Sun in Greek). The name helical is used because the flow arises as the water in the lower portions of the water column flowing towards the local center of curvature, and away from the local center of curvature along the water surface.
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Wilkins provides a detailed account of the fact that Franklin's results were interpreted as most likely indicated three, and possibly four, polynucleotide strands in the DNA molecule. Franklin's X-Ray photograph showed that the backbones had to be on the outside. Although she at first insisted vehemently that her data did not force one to conclude that DNA has a helical structure, in the drafts she submitted in 1953 she argues for a double helical DNA backbone. Her identification of the space group for DNA crystals revealed to Crick that the DNA strands were antiparallel, which helped Watson and Crick decide to look for DNA models with two antiparallel polynucleotide strands.
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The earliest work in RNA structural biology coincided, more or less, with the work being done on DNA in the early 1950s. In their seminal 1953 paper, Watson and Crick suggested that van der Waals crowding by the 2`OH group of ribose would preclude RNA from adopting a double helical structure identical to the model they proposed - what we now know as B-form DNA. This provoked questions about the three-dimensional structure of RNA: could this molecule form some type of helical structure, and if so, how? As with DNA, early structural work on RNA centered around isolation of native RNA polymers for fiber diffraction analysis.
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The first sequences of keratins were determined by Israel Hanukoglu and Elaine Fuchs. These sequences revealed that there are two distinct but homologous keratin families, which were named type I and type II keratins. By analysis of the primary structures of these keratins and other intermediate filament proteins, Hanukoglu and Fuchs suggested a model in which keratins and intermediate filament proteins contain a central ~310 residue domain with four segments in α-helical conformation that are separated by three short linker segments predicted to be in beta-turn conformation. This model has been confirmed by the determination of the crystal structure of a helical domain of keratins.
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The Cas12a locus contains a mixed alpha/beta domain, a RuvC-I followed by a helical region, a RuvC-II and a zinc finger-like domain. The Cpf1 protein has a RuvC-like endonuclease domain that is similar to the RuvC domain of Cas9. Furthermore, Cpf1 does not have a HNH endonuclease domain, and the N-terminal of Cas12a does not have the alpha- helical recognition lobe of Cas9. Cpf1 CRISPR-Cas domain architecture shows that Cpf1 is functionally unique, being classified as Class 2, type V CRISPR system. The Cas12a loci encode Cas1, Cas2 and Cas4 proteins more similar to types I and III than from type II systems.
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The Q-SNARE protein Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is composed of two α-helical domains connected by a random coil linker. The random coil linker region is most notable for its four cysteine residues. The α-helical domains combine with those of both syntaxin and synaptobrevin (also known as vesicle associated membrane protein or VAMP) to form the 4-α-helix coiled-coil SNARE complex critical to efficient exocytosis. While syntaxin and synaptobrevin both contain transmembrane domains which allow for docking with target and vesicle membranes respectively, SNAP-25 relies on the palmitoylation of cysteine residues found in its random coil region for docking to the target membrane.
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Mechanical ice auger, showing cutting teeth, helical flights used to transport ice cuttings up away from the cutting region, and a central void for the core itself. Mechanical drilling produces pieces of ice, either as cuttings, or as granular fragments, which must be removed from the bottom of the hole to prevent them from interfering with the cutting or percussing action of the drill. An auger used as the cutting tool will naturally move ice cuttings up its helical flights. If the drill's action leaves the ice chips on top of the drill, they can be removed by simply raising the drill to the surface periodically.
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The earliest work in RNA structural biology coincided, more or less, with the work being done on DNA in the early 1950s. In their seminal 1953 paper, Watson and Crick suggested that van der Waals crowding by the 2`OH group of ribose would preclude RNA from adopting a double helical structure identical to the model they proposed - what we now know as B-form DNA. This provoked questions about the three dimensional structure of RNA: could this molecule form some type of helical structure, and if so, how? In the mid-1960s, the role of tRNA in protein synthesis was being intensively studied.
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These were helical extension springs also known as "worm" springs due to the spiral nature. in 1762, Richard Tredwell, Great Britain Patent of Rotherham in the County of York, received a patent for a leaf spring for carriages, and, again, in 1763, Richard Tredwell received Great Britain PatentGreat Britain Patent 792 for year 1763 792 for "Springs For Carriages". There are four pages in this patent and the fourth page clearly shows nine iterations of helical suspension or worm springs and the patent clearly states it is "my new method of making and constructing springs for hanging of coaches". Coil compression springs would not be used for hanging a carriage.
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The KD domain resumes kinase activity, while the PRD and the FATC domain regulate it. Although no structure for ATM has been solved, the overall shape of ATM is very similar to DNA-PKcs and is composed of a head and a long arm that is thought to wrap around double-stranded DNA after a conformational change. The entire N-terminal domain together with the FAT domain are predicted to adopt an α-helical structure, which was found by sequence analysis. This α-helical structure is believed to form a tertiary structure, which has a curved, tubular shape present for example in the Huntingtin protein, which also contains HEAT repeats.
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The lateral association of the protofilaments generates a pseudo-helical structure, with one turn of the helix containing 13 tubulin dimers, each from a different protofilament. In the most common "13-3" architecture, the 13th tubulin dimer interacts with the next tubulin dimer with a vertical offset of 3 tubulin monomers due to the helicity of the turn. There are other alternative architectures, such as 11-3, 12-3, 14-3, 15-4, or 16-4, that have been detected at a much lower occurrence. Microtubules can also morph into other forms such as helical filaments, which are observed in protist organisms like foraminifera.
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Since the α-helix is defined by its hydrogen bonds and backbone conformation, the most detailed experimental evidence for α-helical structure comes from atomic-resolution X-ray crystallography such as the example shown at right. It is clear that all the backbone carbonyl oxygens point downward (toward the C-terminus) but splay out slightly, and the H-bonds are approximately parallel to the helix axis. Protein structures from NMR spectroscopy also show helices well, with characteristic observations of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) couplings between atoms on adjacent helical turns. In some cases, the individual hydrogen bonds can be observed directly as a small scalar coupling in NMR.
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The double-helical configuration of DNA strands makes them difficult to separate, which is required by helicase enzymes if other enzymes are to transcribe the sequences that encode proteins, or if chromosomes are to be replicated. In circular DNA, in which double- helical DNA is bent around and joined in a circle, the two strands are topologically linked, or knotted. Otherwise identical loops of DNA, having different numbers of twists, are topoisomers, and cannot be interconverted without the breaking of DNA strands. Topoisomerases catalyze and guide the unknotting or unlinking of DNA by creating transient breaks in the DNA using a conserved tyrosine as the catalytic residue.
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They are almost fully α-helical, with a single α-helical transmembrane domain, and form pentameric (five-molecular) ion channels in the lipid bilayer. They are responsible for virion assembly, intracellular trafficking and morphogenesis (budding). Diagram of the genome and functional domains of the Sprotein for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV The spikes are the most distinguishing feature of coronaviruses, and are responsible for the corona- or halo-like surface. On average a coronavirus particle has 74 surface spikes. Each spike is about 20 nm long and is composed of a trimer of the Sprotein. The S protein is in turn composed of an S1 and S2 subunit.
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Transmembrane α-helical proteins are unusually stable judging from thermal denaturation studies, because they do not unfold completely within the membranes (the complete unfolding would require breaking down too many α-helical H-bonds in the nonpolar media). On the other hand, these proteins easily misfold, due to non-native aggregation in membranes, transition to the molten globule states, formation of non-native disulfide bonds, or unfolding of peripheral regions and nonregular loops that are locally less stable. It is also important to properly define the unfolded state. The unfolded state of membrane proteins in detergent micelles is different from that in the thermal denaturation experiments.
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Two cassette types were available, a V60 and a V120 whose names matched their recording capacity in LP mode. The cassettes are similar in appearance to eight-track cartridges. Conventional VHS and Beta formats recorded in a helical scan format, resulting in angled tracks running from the lower edge of the tape to the upper edge some distance down. Unlike these formats, the V-Cord format was closer to the 2-inch quadruplex videotape format used from the inception of video in the late 1950s until 2-inch helical IVC videotape format was introduced twenty years later, in that its tracks ran nearly perpendicular to tape travel.
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Gjessing-Nilson rowing ergometer, showing helical pulley and flywheel In the 1970s, the Gjessing-Nilson ergometer from Norway used a friction brake mechanism with industrial strapping applied over the broad rim of the flywheel. Weights hanging from the strap ensured that an adjustable and predictable friction could be calculated. The cord from the handle mechanism ran over a helical pulley with varying radius, thereby adjusting the gearing and speed of the handle in a similar way to the changing mechanical gearing of the oar through the stroke, derived from changes in oar angle and other factors. This machine was for many years the internationally accepted standard for measurement.
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The indexing system involved an adaptation of a Riemannian hypercube data structure, invoking a helical spiral through 3-dimensional space, which allowed for n-size of features. The actual implementation of the proposed indexing system was termed a helical hyperspatial code and it was first used by modifying an installation of the Oracle database version 4. The HHCode indexing system permitted a highly efficient compression of not only spatial data but other data types as well, while improving search and retrieval times. The HHCode comprises a form of space filling curve and the concept was published by the CHS scientists in the International Hydrographic Review.
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Secondary structures and sequences of the minimal (A) and full-length (B) hammerhead ribozymes. Conserved and invariant nucleotides are shown explicitly. Watson-Crick base- paired helical stems are represented as ladder-like drawings. The red arrow depicts the cleavage site, 3' to C17, on each construct.
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Gear hobbing is a machining process in which gear teeth are progressively generated by a series of cuts with a helical cutting tool. All motions in hobbing are rotary, and the hob and gear blank rotate continuously as in two gears meshing until all teeth are cut..
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Pleurocidin is an antimicrobial peptide found in the mucus secreted by the skin of the winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus). It exhibits broad- spectrum antimicrobial activity. Pleurocidin assumes an amphipathic alpha- helical conformation similar to other linear antimicrobial peptides and may play a role in innate host defence.
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Structurally speaking, YopE has 4 alpha helices arranged in a left handed Four-helical up- and-down bundle. This bundle acts as the GAP domain, because arginine from an alpha helix is inserted into a GTP-ase which catalyses GTP hydrolysis through stabilisation of the transition state.
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The Compact Toroidal Hybrid (CTH) is an experimental device at Auburn University that uses magnetic fields to confine high-temperature plasmas. CTH is a torsatron type of stellarator with an external, continuously wound helical coil that generates the bulk of the magnetic field for containing a plasma.
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The skin of these animal that use undulatory motion to locomote have several distinct characteristics. The skin of these animals consists of cross-helical arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in the dermal layer of skin,D.M. Pearson.Functional aspects of the skin in polypterus fishes. Zool.
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Members of the MPE family consist of 370-420 amino acyl residues with 9 (RodA; TC# 2.A.103.1.2) or 10 (FtsW; TC# 2.A.103.1.1) putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. Experimental evidence for a 10 TMS model has been reported for FtsW of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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One complicating factor is that the water level can vary dramatically. The ship lift must work even if water levels vary by on the lower side, and on the upper side. The ship lift's design uses a helical gear system, to climb or descend a toothed rack.
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The tubular wall will have a slightly different angular speed to the helical screw.M. T. Mullins and J. R. Rodebush, “Horizontal Scroll Screen Centrifuge”. United States Patent US6736968 B2, 18 May 2004. The solid-liquid mixture is fed into the closed rearward portion of the scroll.
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Because of the in-line transmission arrangement using 2 or 3 stage helical or planetary gears, up to 95% of the output power produced by the motor is typically transmitted to the drum shell. Gears can be made from high grade steel, sintered metal or polymers.
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This subunit, like most other dynactin subunits, exists only as a part of the dynactin complex. It is primarily an alpha-helical protein with very little coiled coil, and binds directly to the largest subunit (p150) of dynactin. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants.
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For example, a corkscrew is a helix-shaped rod with a sharp point, and an Archimedes' screw is a water pump that uses a rotating helical chamber to move water uphill. The common principle of all screws is that a rotating helix can cause linear motion.
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Modern controllers monitor the characteristics of the arcs and can alter parameters in microseconds to compensate. The typical part geometry is a complex 3D shape, often with small or odd shaped angles. Vertical, orbital, vectorial, directional, helical, conical, rotational, spin and indexing machining cycles are also used.
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Fluid within the organism is evenly concentrated so the forces of the muscle are spread throughout the whole organism and shape changes can persist. These structural factors also persist in a hydrostatic organ. A non-helical hydrostatic skeleton structure is the functional basis of the mammalian penis.
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Worm gears resemble helical gear seats, the difference being that the shafts of a worm train are aligned perpendicularly. In this case, the helix angle of the worm meshes with the lead angle of the worm gear.Spotts, M F., and T E. Shoup. Design of Machine Elements.
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A rotary (rotatory) transformer is a specialized transformer that couples electrical signals between two parts that rotate in relation to each other—as an alternative to slip rings, which are prone to wear and contact noise. They are commonly used in helical scan magnetic tape applications.
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CarVY belongs to the Potyviridae family of viruses. Potyviruses are non-enveloped viruses that are symmetrically helical. These filamentous viruses are typically 720-850 nm long and 12-15 nm in diameter. Their flexuous virions can be easily identified in infected carrot leaf samples using electron microscopy.
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By using the barcode center marker, it is possible for a barcode scanner to scan just one half of the barcode at a time. This allows reconstruction of the code by means of a helical scan of the barcode by an angle of approximately 45 degrees.
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Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helical shape. They were initially considered to be members of the genus Campylobacter, but in 1989, Goodwin et al. published sufficient reasons to justify the new genus name Helicobacter. The genus Helicobacter contains about 35 species.
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Camshafts of automobiles, miniature timing systems, and stepper motors often utilize these belts. Timing belts need the least tension of all belts and are among the most efficient. They can bear up to at speeds of . Timing belts with a helical offset tooth design are available.
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K. Rajender Reddy, M. V. Rajasekharan, and J.-P. Tuchagues (1998): "Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Mn(salpn)N3, a Helical Polymer, and Fe(salpn)N3, a Ferromagnetically Coupled Dimer(salpnH2 = N,N‘-bis(Salicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane)". Inorganic Chemistry, volume 37, issue 23, pages 5978–5982.
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The climb on the steps is very easy. The parent rock is cut in helical shape and the steps are carved out of it. Half of the path is now covered with boulders and stones. It takes about 15 minutes to reach the top of the fort.
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The Vortex is the only flash suppressor in the world with a helical flute design that breaks up the flash at multiple locations and angles. SEI makes the Vortex for M16s, AR-15s, M14s, Steyr AUGs and certain pistols such as the Heckler & Koch USP Tactical Model.
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NOD2 protein model with schematic diagram. Two N-terminal CARD domains (red) connected via helical linker (blue) with central NBD domain (green). At C-terminus LRR domain (cyan) is located. Additionally, some mutations which are associated with certain disease patterns in Crohn's disease are marked in red wire representation.
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The most common pump mechanics used are centrifugal pumps, multistage pumps, borehole pumps, and helical pumps. Important scientific concepts of fluid dynamics like pressure vs. head, pump heads, pump curves, system curves, and net suction head are really important for the successful deployment and design of solar powered pumps.
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Although the outer rings "spiral" around the inner ring (and each other), they actually have no helical torsion. They are all equivalent. The spiraling is a result of the 3-sphere curvature. The inner ring and the five outer rings now form a six ring, 60-cell solid torus.
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The P.C.D. was changed from 5 x 100 to 5 x 114.3. The Suretrac front LSD in the 2004 model was replaced with a helical unit, the rear differential remains the same clutch type unit. Torque split is set at 35/65. In the interior, the Stereo became standard.
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Parahelicoprion is an extinct genus of shark-like eugeneodontid holocephalids from the Permian of the Ural Mountains and Copacabana Formation, Bolivia. The genus name, from "nearly coiled saw" in Greek, directly refers to Helicoprion, a related holocephalid that shares similar traits to it, including the helical whorl of teeth.
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In helical teeth, the profiles may be considered in different planes, and in specifications it is essential to use terms that indicate the direction of the plane in which the profile angle or the pressure angle lies, such as transverse profile angle, normal pressure angle, axial profile angle.
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The smaller proteins are generally of prokaryotic origin while the larger ones are of eukaryotic origin. Most of them possess twelve transmembrane α-helical spanners but have a re-entrant loop involving TMSs 2 and 3. The APC Superfamily was established to encompass a wider range of homologues.
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Work then shifted to temporary strengthening. For the south cable, MDOT in August 2003 hired Pittsfield, Maine-based Cianbro Corp. under a $4-million emergency contract. The rehabilitation used a single wire thickness ( diameter galvanized helical 91-wire strands.) to facilitate fabricating and installing the cables more quickly.
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A problem with rigid bonds and holes is that systems with arbitrary angles could not be built. This can be overcome with flexible bonds, originally helical springs but now usually plastic. This also allows double and triple bonds to be approximated by multiple single bonds (Fig. 3). Fig 3.
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Mammalian tongues have the structure of a central core of muscle fibers surrounded by bundles of longitudinal muscles and alternating parallel sheets of transverse muscle fibers. Elephant trunks and tapir proboscises also utilize a muscular hydrostat. These structures are composed of longitudinal fibers surrounded by radial and helical fibers.
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Fe(acac)3 possesses helical chirality. The Δ- and Λ-enantiomers slowly inter-convert via Bailar and Ray-Dutt twists. The rate of interconversion is sufficiently slow to allow its enantiomers to be partially resolved.Anders Lennartson "Optical resolution and racemisation of [Fe(acac)3]" Inorganica Chimica Acta 2011, vol.
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The AE75R is a twin-rotor four-stroke, displacement, air and liquid-cooled, gasoline Wankel engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive with reduction ratio of 2.96:1. It employs dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces at 7000 rpm, with a compression ratio of 9.5:1.
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FAM208b is predicted to have multiple alpha-helical domains. It is predicted that 25% of the protein forms alpha-helices, 15% forms beta-strands, and 60% is random coil. The various DUF domains are predicted to have variable structure. DUF3699 consists of two helices and four beta-strands.
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Each form corresponds to either the A-, the B-, or the C- starch forms. A- and B- structures have different helical crystal structures and water contents, whereas the C- structure is a mixture of A- and B- unit cells, resulting in an intermediate packing density between the two forms.
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Each subunit folds into a helix-loop- helix structure, with each loop forming a donut shape that comprises the upper face of the complex. The structure of the Tim9-Tim10 complex takes on the form of an α-propeller, with two helical blades radiating from a narrow central pore.
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The stereoinduction of the Juliá–Colonna epoxidation is dependent on the α-helical secondary structure of the poly-leucine catalyst. While the consistent stereochemistry of the N-terminal amino acids is necessary for this induction, even a 10-mer leucine polypeptide is of sufficient length to provide significant enantioselectivity.
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Ampex worked with Sony in 1960 on helical VTR agreements; this joint effort did not work out as Ampex had hoped. In September 1964 Ampex entered into joint venture with Toshiba.The History of Television, 1942 to 2000, By Albert Abramson, Christopher H. Sterling, page 93.Labguysworld, VTR TimeLine terramedia.co.
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Screw-propelled vehicles are propelled by auger- like cylinders fitted with helical flanges. Because they can produce thrust on both land and water, they are commonly used on all-terrain vehicles. The ZiL-2906 was a Soviet-designed screw-propelled vehicle designed to retrieve cosmonauts from the Siberian wilderness.
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By assuming a specific symmetric configuration of the final model, relations between expansion coefficients describing the scattering pattern of the underlying species can be exploited to determine a diffraction pattern consistent with the measure correlation data. This approach has been shown to be feasible for icosahedral and helical models.
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They found that a four-stranded β-sheet enters the major groove of DNA in a structure they called the β-wedge, where the sheet is nearly perpendicular to the DNA helical ais. As predicted amino acids in the conserved WRKYGQK signature motif contact the W-box DNA.
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Based on the principle developed by Rene Moineau, the theory states that a helical rotor with one or more lobes will rotate eccentrically when the stator contains more lobes than the rotor. The flow of the fluid transmits power allowing the assembly to rotate and turn the bit.
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In molecular biology, the HAMP domain (present in Histidine kinases, Adenylate cyclases, Methyl accepting proteins and Phosphatases) is an approximately 50-amino acid alpha-helical region that forms a dimeric, four-helical coiled coil. It is found in bacterial sensor and chemotaxis proteins and in eukaryotic histidine kinases. The bacterial proteins are usually integral membrane proteins and part of a two-component signal transduction pathway. One or several copies of the HAMP domain can be found in association with other domains, such as the histidine kinase domain, the bacterial chemotaxis sensory transducer domain, the PAS repeat, the EAL domain, the GGDEF domain, the protein phosphatase 2C-like domain, the guanylate cyclase domain, or the response regulatory domain.
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The nuclear lamina is assembled by interactions of two lamin polypeptides in which the α-helical regions are wound around each other to form a two stranded α-helical coiled-coil structure, followed by a head-to-tail association of the multiple dimers.Tripathi K, Muralikrishna B and Parnaik VK (2009) Differential dynamics and stability of lamin A rod domain mutants IJIB, 5(1), 1-8 The linearly elongated polymer is extended laterally by a side-by-side association of polymers, resulting in a 2D structure underlying the nuclear envelope. Next to providing mechanical support to the nucleus, the nuclear lamina plays an essential role in chromatin organization, cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell differentiation and apoptosis.
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Today, CNC makes these tasks less stressful, but nevertheless still more challenging than with through holes. # Helical interpolation, where the workpiece remains stationary and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) moves a milling cutter in the correct helical path for a given thread, milling the thread. At least two U.S. tool manufacturers have manufactured tools for thread milling in blind holes: Ingersoll Cutting Tools of Rockford, Illinois, and Tooling Systems of Houston, Texas, who introduced the Thread Mill in 1977, a device that milled large internal threads in the blind holes of oil well blowout preventers. Today many CNC milling machines can run such a thread milling cycle (see a video of such a cut in the "External links" section).
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However, the internal components for the American versions were largely stripped-down versions of the specifications for the Japanese Lancer Evolution VIII. No US-spec Evolution model prior to the Evo X has active yaw control, including the 2006 Evolution IX. The American 2003 and 2004 GSRs are without the helical limited-slip front differential and 6-speed manual transmission. The 2004 US spec RS models, however, do have a front helical limited-slip differential. All 2003, 2004 and 2005 RS and GSR models have the Japanese Evolution VII's 5-speed transmission. The MR edition was introduced to the US in 2005, with ACD and the only model with a 6-speed transmission.
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In cardiac muscle, cTnC binds to cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), whereas cTnC binds to slow skeletal troponin I (ssTnI) and troponin T (ssTnT) in slow-twitch skeletal muscle. The structural domain of cTnC (cCTnC) is anchored to troponin I and T, forming the so-called IT arm, made up of cTnC93-161, cTnI41-135 and cTnT235-286 (in the cardiac complex). cCTnC binds to helical cTnI41-60 via its large hydrophobic patch, stabilizing the Ca2+-bound open conformation of cCTnC and enhancing its affinity for Ca2+ (from Kd = 40 nM to Kd = 3 nM). cTnT235-286 forms a helical coiled coil with cTnI88-135 that binds to the opposite face of cCTnC.
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In the OFF state, i.e., when no electrical field is applied, a twisted configuration (aka helical structure or helix) of nematic liquid crystal molecules is formed between two glass plates, G in the figure, which are separated by several spacers and coated with transparent electrodes, E1 and E2. The electrodes themselves are coated with alignment layers (not shown) that precisely twist the liquid crystal by 90° when no external field is present (left diagram). If a light source with the proper polarization (about half) shines on the front of the LCD, the light will pass through the first polarizer, P2 and into the liquid crystal, where it is rotated by the helical structure.
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Class 14E wheelset with herringbone gear All earlier South African electric locomotives, with the exception of the Orex Line's Class 9Es, ran on spoked wheels using spur gears. Amongst South African electric locomotives, the Class 14E was the first to have solid wheels with double helical or herringbone gears and with a traction motor to wheel gear ratio of 20:103. This gear ratio had the result that, while the three prototypes were very fast, they struggled to pick up a load. The locally built Class 14E1, on the other hand, ran on spoked wheels with helical gears and had a more conservative traction motor to wheel gear ratio of 18:67.
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KCNE proteins are type I membrane proteins, and each assembles with one or more types of Kv channel α subunit to modulate their gating kinetics and other functional parameters. KCNE3 has a larger predicted extracellular domain, and smaller predicted intracellular domain, in terms of primary structure, when compared to other KCNE proteins. As with other KCNE proteins, the transmembrane segment of KCNE3 is thought to be α-helical, and the extracellular domain also adopts a partly helical structure. KCNE3, like KCNE1 and possibly other KCNE proteins, are thought to make contact with the S4 of one α subunit and the S6 of another α subunit within the tetramer of Kv α subunits in a complex.
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COL4A1 belongs to the type IV collagen family and contains three domains: a short N-terminal domain, a long triple-helical 7S domain at its center, and a non-collagenous 1 (NC1) domain at its C-terminal. The triple-helical domain contains interrupted G-X-Y repeats, which is suspected to allow flexibility of the domain. The NC1 domain is composed of two trimeric caps, each containing two alpha 1 fragments and one alpha 2 fragment, that form a sixfold propeller arranged around an axial tunnel. The interaction between these two caps occurs along a large planar interface and is stabilized by a covalent cross-link between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains across the two caps.
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The folate-biopterin transporter (FBT) family (TC# 2.A.71) is a distant family within the major facilitator superfamily, most closely related to drug resistance permeases. Proteins of the FBT family are reported to contain about 480 to 650 amino acyl residues. All probably have 12 transmembrane α-helical segments (TMSs).
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In 1955, Ferrari updated their existing 553 F1 car. New helical springs were used for the front suspension, instead of the transverse leaf-springs. The rear saw the replacement of a lower leaf-spring to an upper one. It also received a five-speed gearbox instead of a four- speed.
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The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen. These proteins all incorporate the globin fold, a series of eight alpha helical segments. Two prominent members include myoglobin and hemoglobin. Both of these proteins reversibly bind oxygen via a heme prosthetic group.
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Cupiennins are a group of small cytolytic peptides from the venom of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei. They are known to have high bactericidal, insecticidal and haemolytic activities. They are chemically cationic α-helical peptides. They were isolated and identified in 2002 as a family of peptides called cupiennin 1.
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Staircase tower with no external door on the church of Saint-Pierre-ès-Liens in Rampoux (Lot), France A staircase tower or stair tower (, also Stiegenturm or Wendelstein) is a tower-like wing of a building with a circular or polygonal plan that contains a stairwell, usually a helical staircase.
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The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants. These proteins function as transporters for nucleobases including purines and pyrimidines. Members of this family possess twelve transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs).
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Evans Lever-Action carbine Rotary helical Evans magazine An advertisement for the Evans' Repeating Rifle Co. featured in the Spirit of the Times Magazine 1876 W. R. Evans Patent 1868 The Evans Repeating Rifle was a lever-action repeating rifle designed by Warren R. Evans as a high capacity rifle.
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Tracheoids are elongated idioblasts with helical or reticulate secondary walls. They are not connected to the plant’s vascular system. Tracheoid idioblasts have also been known as lignified idioblasts, spiral cells, tracheoidal idioblasts, spirally thickened sclereids, and tracheoidioblasts. Sclerenchymatous idioblasts are thickened structural cells that provide stability and rigidity to the plant.
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A pressurized oil lubrication system was fed by a gear pump located on the lowest point of the crankcase. The oil pump was driven over a vertical shaft from the camshaft via helical gears. Ignition was provided by two Bosch type Z.U.6 magnetos Manuel d'aviation. Fascicule 5, 1916, pp.
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Secondary structure and surface representation of LeuTAa. Topology of Aquifex aeolicus LeuTAa. The transporter is composed of 12 trans-membrane regions with cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal domains. TM1 and TM6 are oriented antiparallel to one another and have breaks in their helical structure approximately halfway across the membrane bilayer.
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C1orf112 secondary structure is predicted to be predominately alpha helical, with < 5% of the protein composed of beta sheets. Ligand binding sites are predicted by I-TASSER from positions 377 to 530 in Isoform X1. A leucine zipper motif is present in Isoform X1 from positions 831-852, predicted by MyHits.
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Due to the high abundance of glycine and proline contents, collagen fails to form a regular α-helix and β-sheet structure. Three left- handed helical strands twist to form a right-handed triple helix.Bella, Jordi. “Collagen Structure: New Tricks from a Very Old Dog.” The Biochemical Journal, vol. 473, no.
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The structure reveals an ordered alpha-helical conformation between Glu-9 and Lys-20. The N-terminus is also well structured with a turn resembling that of a classical beta-turn. The 13C dynamics clearly show that motilin tumbles slowly in solution, with a correlation time characteristic of a large object.
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Origin Oils Inc. has been researching a method called the Helix Bioreactor,deGrasse Tyson, N. PBS Online Algae Biofuel (accessed 01/16, 2013). altering the common closed-loop growth system. This system utilizes low energy lights in a helical pattern, enabling each algal cell to obtain the required amount of light.
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ASPP2 contains several structural and functional domains. Its N-terminus (residues 1–83) has the structure of a β-grasp ubiquitin-like fold. It is followed by a predicted α-helical domain located between aa 123 and 323. and a proline-rich (ASPP2 Pro) domain between aa 674 and 902.
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The ROS200 is a twin-cylinder two-stroke, in-line, displacement, fan-forced air-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 3.5:1. It employs a single capacitor discharge ignition and produces at 9000 rpm, with a compression ratio of 10.6.
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The helical nature of the DNA causes positive supercoils to accumulate ahead of a translocating enzyme, in the case of DNA replication, a DNA polymerase. The ability of gyrase (and topoisomerase IV) to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue.
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The prong-snouted blind snake is oviparous. Females produce a clutch ranging from two to nine eggs, with six eggs produced on average. The young when hatched, fend for themselves. Males have solid eversible awned hemipenes able to be retracted into the tail in a helical pattern and retrocloacal sacs.
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This allowed four speeds, with direct drive in top gear. All the gears were helical, and enclosed in an oil bath, making for very silent transmission. Reverse gear was built into the rear axle, as was the foot-operated brake drum, all of which was housed in a substantial aluminium casing.
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Cadexomer iodine is an iodophor that is produced by the reaction of dextrin with epichlorhydrin coupled with ion-exchange groups and iodine. It is a water-soluble modified starch polymer containing 0.9% iodine, calculated on a weight-weight basis, within a helical matrix.Merck Index, 14th Edition, p262 Merck & Co. Inc.
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The C-terminal domain makes numerous electrostatic interactions with an anion-binding exosite of thrombin, while the last five residues are in a helical loop that forms many hydrophobic contacts. Natural hirudin contains a mixture of various isoforms of the protein. However, recombinant techniques can be used to produce homogeneous preparations of hirudin.
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Twenty-eight stay cables with individually galvanised, waxed and sheathed strands varying in size from 6-43 to 6-85 and in length from 40m to 126m. Forming the stay-cable bundle involved installing each individual strand one at a time and encapsulating them using an external HDPE pipe with double helical ribs.
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The C-terminal region of alpha-glucuronidase is mainly alpha-helical. It wraps around the catalytic domain, making additional interactions both with the N-terminal domain of its parent monomer and also forming the majority of the dimer-surface with the equivalent C-terminal domain of the other monomer of the dimer.
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Cannondale CAAD10 (2011) with SRAM Force group The first road frame from Cannondale was produced in 1983. It sold for $350 and included the frame and fork. The fork was steel with helical reinforcement ribs inside the steel steering tube. The frame was recognizable by its oversized down tube and enlarged head tube.
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In neuronal axons the actin/spectric cytoskeleton forms an array of periodic rings and in the sperm flagellum it forms a helical structure. In plant cells, the cell cortex is reinforced by cortical microtubules underlying the plasma membrane. The direction of these cortical microtubules determines which way the cell elongates when it grows.
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The N-terminal catalytic domain and the C-terminal zinc finger straddle the DNA with the long axis of the protein oriented roughly orthogonal to the helical axis of the DNA. Residues that contact DNA are located in the catalytic domain and in a beta-hairpin loop formed by the zinc finger.
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The peptidyltransferase center is where the formation of the peptide bond is catalyzed during translation. At right, the three- dimensional structure of the peptidyltransferase center. The helical rRNA is associated with globular ribosomal proteins. Incoming codons arrive at the A site and move to the P site, where peptide bond formation is catalyzed.
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Twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) muscles also known as supercoiled polymer (SCP) are coiled polymer that can be actuated by electric power. A TCP muscle looks like a helical spring. TCP muscles are usually made from silver coated Nylon. TCP muscle can also be made from other electrical conductance coat such as gold.
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Duncan (1973), p. 3 To ease repairs the suspension was not protected by an armoured covering. There were two vertical helical springs of unequal length in each of the five bogie casings attached to the hull. In front and behind the normal ten road wheel pairs, there was a tension wheel pair.
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The ANKRD24 protein is 1146 amino acids in length, has a molecular weight of 124kDa, and has an isoelectric point of 4.98. The secondary structure is predicted to consist of all alpha helices and to not contain any beta strands. The tertiary structure of the protein is predicted to be a helical twist.
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MreB controls the width of rod-shaped bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. A mutant E. coli that creates defective MreB proteins will be spherical instead of rod-like. Also, bacteria that are naturally spherical do not have the gene encoding MreB. Prokaryotes carrying the mreB gene can also be helical in shape.
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The N-terminal has a multi-helical structure that forms an orthogonal bundle. The C-terminal domain contains an ATP-binding site and is therefore probably the site of ATP hydrolysis. In eukaryotes, helicase function is provided by the MCM (Minichromosome maintenance) complex. The DnaB helicase is the product of the dnaB gene.
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Simoun takes place on the earth-like planet . The people of Daikūriku are all born female. The theocratic nation of Simulacrum has a monopoly on the helical motor technology and as a result grew to prosperity. The two nations Argentum and Plumbum wage war against it in an attempt to steal the technology.
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Neutrophil collagenase (, matrix metalloproteinase 8, PMNL collagenase, MMP-8) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : Cleavage of interstitial collagens in the triple helical domain. Unlike EC 3.4.24.7, interstitial collagenase, this enzyme cleaves type III collagen more slowly than type I This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family M10.
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PDB . A stapled peptide is a short peptide, typically in an alpha-helical conformation, that is constrained by a synthetic brace ("staple"). The staple is formed by a covalent linkage between two amino acid side-chains, forming a peptide macrocycle. Staples, generally speaking, refer to a covalent linkage of two previously independent entities.
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Suspension The front suspension was independent with twin wishbones, transverse leaf springs and hydraulic shock absorbers. Leaf springs will later give way to helical spring setup. The rear suspension sported a live axle with semi-elliptic leaf springs and lever type hydraulic shock absorbers. Brakes were hydraulically operated drum type all round.
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A number of precepts in the theory are possible. For instance, a helical virus with a bilipid envelope bears a distinct resemblance to a highly simplified cellular nucleus (i.e., a DNA chromosome encapsulated within a lipid membrane). In theory, a large DNA virus could take control of a bacterial or archaeal cell.
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Twin helical strands form the DNA backbone. Another double helix may be found tracing the spaces, or grooves, between the strands. These voids are adjacent to the base pairs and may provide a binding site. As the strands are not symmetrically located with respect to each other, the grooves are unequally sized.
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The interconversion of helical and extended conformations at the site of a domain boundary is not uncommon. In calmodulin, torsion angles change for five residues in the middle of a domain linking α-helix. The helix is split into two, almost perpendicular, smaller helices separated by four residues of an extended strand.
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Chip breaking tool geometry is generally designed to break the chip by having it curl back onto itself. This action produces many small spiral shaped rings instead of one long helical chip. "Number Nine" shaped chips or short swarf in general are preferred also because it helps prevent entangling the rotating machine.
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The biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that adenine and thymine always paired while cytosine and guanine always paired. High resolution X-ray images of DNA that were obtained by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin suggested a helical, or corkscrew like shape."The Francis Crick Papers." : The Discovery of the Double Helix, 1951-1953. N.p.
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The cardiac myocytes do not sufficiently grow in size, indicating that RHEB mTOR function is required. This suggested that RHEB and the activation of the mTOR pathway is a necessity for proper cardiac development in mice embryos. RHEB switch II (blue) has a less alpha-helical structure as compared to RAS switch II.
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On cytology, C. fetus appears as a gram-negative rod. A distinguishing feature of C. fetus is the unique "S-shape" of the rod that may resemble thin, helical spirochetes. C. fetus are flagellated and motile, non-spore forming and anaerobic organisms. C. fetus is also both catalase and oxidase-positive, but nonfermentative.
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J Mol Biol 390: 428–442. The pseudoknot is highly conserved between the 5 silk moth species. Sequence comparisons show evidence for compensatory mutations within the helical regions indicating the secondary structure of the RNA is of biological importance. In particular, this pseudoknot is proposed to have implications for initiation of translation.
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At the very end of the T-loop, the single-stranded telomere DNA is held onto a region of double-stranded DNA by the telomere strand disrupting the double-helical DNA, and base pairing to one of the two strands. This triple-stranded structure is called a displacement loop or D-loop.
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Similar to row-column decomposition, the helix transform computes the multidimensional convolution by incorporating one-dimensional convolutional properties and operators. Instead of using the separability of signals, however, it maps the Cartesian coordinate space to a helical coordinate space allowing for a mapping from a multidimensional space to a one-dimensional space.
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Such an engine would be economical but it would still suffer from intake pumping losses. The Helical Camshaft would allow both the Atkinson Cycle and LIVC to be applied simultaneously. The high CR would allow even greater amount of LIVC to be used at idle thus further reducing pumping losses and improving efficiency.
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The result would be an almost unbelievable array of possible duration/lift combinations. This could be very useful in research. However, in the real world probably 95% of the combinations have no really useful relevance to the four-stroke cycle. This, of course also applies to the Helical Camshaft to some extent.
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Refolding of α-helical transmembrane proteins in vitro is technically difficult. There are relatively few examples of the successful refolding experiments, as for bacteriorhodopsin. In vivo, all such proteins are normally folded co-translationally within the large transmembrane translocon. The translocon channel provides a highly heterogeneous environment for the nascent transmembrane α-helices.
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This movement overcomes the restricted duration range in the previous type. The duration range is theoretically unlimited but typically would be of the order of one hundred crankshaft degrees, which is sufficient to cover most situations. The cam is reportedly difficult and expensive to produce, requiring very accurate helical machining and careful assembly.
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The DNA-binding domain is well conserved for this family, whereas the C-terminal effector-binding domain is more variable, and is consequently used to define the GntR subfamilies. The FadR group is the largest subgroup, and is characterised by an all-helical C-terminal domain composed of 6 to 7 alpha helices.
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The gametophytes are monoicous. The genus Megaceros is unusual among hornworts in that the sporophyte does not have stomata, and the spores are green because they contain chloroplasts, as does the related genus Dendroceros. The thallus cells often contain more than one chloroplast, as opposed to other hornwort genera. The elaters are helical.
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This matrix expands in the water as it exits the womb and provides a protective layer for the eggs. The eggs are laid out in a helical arrangement in the matrix. The eggs themselves are 1–3 mm in diameter and an oval shape. They are produced in numbers averaging around 3,000.
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These proteins are 190-240 amino acyl residues in length and possess six hydrophobic regions. PhoA fusion analyses of LysE of C. glutamicum provided evidence for a 5 transmembrane α-helical spanner (TMS) typology with the N-terminus inside and the C-terminus outside. However, some evidence suggests a 6 TMS topology.
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The transition metal atoms form a chimney with helical zigzag chain. The main-group elements form a ladder spiraling inside the transition metal helix. The phase is named after one of the early investigators H. Nowotny. Examples are RuGa2, Mn4Si7, Ru2Ge3, Ir3Ga5, Ir4Ge5 V17Ge31, Cr11Ge19, Mn11Si19, Mn15Si26, Mo9Ge16, Mo13Ge23, Rh10Ga17, and Rh17Ge22.
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Once bound by ParR at both ends, monomer units continue to attach to the ends of the ParM and the resulting reaction pushes R1 plasmids to opposite ends of the cell. ParMs from different bacterial plasmids can form astonishingly diverse helical structures comprising two or four strands to maintain faithful plasmid inheritance.
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PHYRE2 protein folding software. This structure is similar to that of human Symplekin, a protein thought to recruit regulatory factors to the polyadenylation machinery. The structure of the c10orf76 protein has not been experimentally explored. The secondary structure is predicted to be completely helical in nature, with intervening regions of protein disorder.
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A metal particle is typically located at the growing end of the structure, although it is sometimes found in the middle of it instead. Also, more than one filament can sometimes grow out of one metal particle. Filamentous carbon is either helical, straight, or twisted. It contains graphite layers in a conical shape.
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CD32 is a type I transmembrane protein with a helical transmembrane region. Whereas the extracellular region consists of three immunoglobulin domains (roughly 100 a.a. in length), the cytosolic region varies by subtype. CD32A and CD32C possess an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), while CD32B has an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM).
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Ampex 2 inch helical VTRs were manufactured from 1963 to 1970. Model VR-1500 for home. The VR-660 for Broadcast television systems, industrial companies, educational institutions, and a few for In-flight entertainment. The VR-1500 and VR-660 found service at educational institutions especially due to their relatively low cost vs.
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1 inch type A videotape (designated Type A by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, SMPTE) was an open-reel helical scan videotape format developed by Ampex in 1965, one of the first standardized open-reel videotape formats in the width; most others of that size at that time were proprietary.
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This domain is ellipsoidal in shape, formed by four β-propeller blades and an α-helix. Each blade consists of four antiparallel β-strands arranged around a funnel-like tunnel that contains two calcium and two chloride ions. The hemopexin domain is important to facilitate the cleavage of triple helical interstitial collagens. .
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Ampex's quadruplex magnetic tape video recording system has certain limitations, such as the lack of clean pause, or still-frame, capability, because when tape motion is stopped, only a single segment of the picture recording is present at the playback heads (only 16 lines of the picture in each segment), so it can only reproduce recognizable pictures when the tape is playing at normal speed.Wink Hackman; Expert training for Sony MVS users worldwide Retrieved Christmas, December 25, 2015) But in spite of its drawbacks it remained the broadcasting studio standard until about 1980. The helical scan system overcame this limitation. In 1959 Toshiba released the first commercial helical-scan video tape recorder. In 1963, Philips introduced its EL3400 1" helical scan recorder (aimed at the business and domestic user), and Sony marketed the 2" PV-100, its first open- reel VTR intended for business, medical, airline, and educational use. The Telcan, produced by the Nottingham Electronic Valve Company and demonstrated on June 24, 1963,Albert Abramson, The History of Television, 1942 to 2000 (McFarland, 2003) p99 was the first home video recorder. It could be bought as a unit or in kit form for £60.
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Citrate synthase enzymes are found in two distinct structural types: type I enzymes (found in eukaryotes, Gram-positive bacteria and archaea) form homodimers and have shorter sequences than type II enzymes, which are found in Gram-negative bacteria and are hexameric in structure. In both types, the monomer is composed of two domains: a large alpha-helical domain consisting of two structural repeats, where the second repeat is interrupted by a small alpha-helical domain. The cleft between these domains forms the active site, where both citrate and acetyl-coenzyme A bind. The enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon binding of the oxaloacetate ligand, whereby the active site cleft closes over in order to form the acetyl- CoA binding site.
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The two pathways for homologous recombination in eukaryotes, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions The Holliday junction is a key intermediate in homologous recombination, a biological process that increases genetic diversity by shifting genes between two chromosomes, as well as site-specific recombination events involving integrases. They are additionally involved in repair of double-strand breaks. In addition, cruciform structures involving Holliday junctions can arise to relieve helical strain in symmetrical sequences in DNA supercoils. While four- arm junctions also appear in functional RNA molecules, such as U1 spliceosomal RNA and the hairpin ribozyme of the tobacco ringspot virus, these usually contain unpaired nucleotides in between the paired double-helical domains, and thus do not strictly adopt the Holliday structure.
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Structure of intermediate filament The structure of proteins that form intermediate filaments (IF) was first predicted by computerized analysis of the amino acid sequence of a human epidermal keratin derived from cloned cDNAs. Analysis of a second keratin sequence revealed that the two types of keratins share only about 30% amino acid sequence homology but share similar patterns of secondary structure domains. As suggested by the first model, all IF proteins appear to have a central alpha-helical rod domain that is composed of four alpha-helical segments (named as 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) separated by three linker regions. The central building block of an intermediate filament is a pair of two intertwined proteins that is called a coiled-coil structure.
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Although the function and hierarchical structure of these collagens may vary, they all shall the defining structural feature known as the triple helix, where three left handed polyproline II-type (PPII) helices assemble to form a right-handed supercoiled helical motif. Short synthetic peptides known as collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) or collagen-like peptides (CLPs) have played a major role in elucidating the 3D structure of the collagen triple helix, its folding kinetics, and thermal stability as small triple helical models. CMPs, CLPs, and CHPs are all very similar in terms of their amino acid sequences but only when CMPs or CLPs are heated above their melting temperatures, do they exist in the dissociated, single-stranded state and can be considered as CHPs.
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Tuning of the output wavelength is achieved by smoothly varying the helical pitch: as the winding changes, so does the length scale of the crystal. This in turn shifts the band edge and changes the optical path length in the lasing cavity. Applying a static electric field perpendicular to the dipole moment of the local nematic phase rotates the rod-like subunits in the hexagonal plane and reorders the chiral phase, winding or unwinding the helical pitch. Similarly, optical tuning of the output wavelength is available using laser light far from the pick-up frequency of the gain medium, with degree of rotation governed by intensity and the angle between the polarization of the incident light and the dipole moment.
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Every saposin contains about 80 amino acid residues and has six equally placed cysteines, two prolines, and a glycosylation site (two in saposin A, one each in saposins B, C, and D). Since saposins characteristics of extreme heat- stability, adundance of disulfide linkages, and resistance to most proteases, they are assumed to be extremely compact and rigidly disulfide-linked molecules. Each saposin has an α-helical structure that is seen as being important for stimulation because this structure is maximal at a pH of 4.5; which is optimal for many lysosomal hydrolases. This helical structure is seen in all (especially with the first region), but saposin has been predicted to have β-sheet configuration due to it first 24 amino acids of the N-end.
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Since different crystal directions are associated with different lengths this effect induces a strain in the material. The reciprocal effect, the change of the magnetic susceptibility (response to an applied field) of a material when subjected to a mechanical stress, is called the Villari effect. Two other effects are thus related to magnetostriction: the Matteucci effect is the creation of a helical anisotropy of the susceptibility of a magnetostrictive material when subjected to a torque and the Wiedemann effect is the twisting of these materials when a helical magnetic field is applied to them. The Villari reversal is the change in sign of the magnetostriction of iron from positive to negative when exposed to magnetic fields of approximately 40 kA/m.
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Helices observed in proteins can range from four to over forty residues long, but a typical helix contains about ten amino acids (about three turns). In general, short polypeptides do not exhibit much α-helical structure in solution, since the entropic cost associated with the folding of the polypeptide chain is not compensated for by a sufficient amount of stabilizing interactions. In general, the backbone hydrogen bonds of α-helices are considered slightly weaker than those found in β-sheets, and are readily attacked by the ambient water molecules. However, in more hydrophobic environments such as the plasma membrane, or in the presence of co-solvents such as trifluoroethanol (TFE), or isolated from solvent in the gas phase, oligopeptides readily adopt stable α-helical structure.
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The mature STa protein from Escherichia coli, which is the cause of acute diarrhoea in infants and travellers in developing countries, is a 19-residue peptide containing three disulphide bridges that are functionally important. STa contains an N-terminal signal peptide composed of two domains, Pre and Pro, involved in extracellular toxin release, and a core enterotoxigenic domain. Members of heat-stable enterotoxin B family assume a helical secondary structure, with two alpha helices forming a disulfide cross-linked alpha-helical hairpin. The disulfide bonds are crucial for the toxic activity of the protein, and are required for maintenance of the tertiary structure, and subsequent interaction with the particulate form of guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic GMP levels within the host intestinal epithelial cells.
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A helical strake on a chimney stack Fairings can be fitted to a structure to streamline the flow past the structure, such as on an aircraft wing. Tall metal smokestacks or other tubular structures such as antenna masts or tethered cables can be fitted with an external corkscrew fin (a strake) to deliberately introduce turbulence, so the load is less variable and resonant load frequencies have negligible amplitudes. The effectiveness of helical strakes for reducing vortex induced vibration was discovered in 1957 by Christopher Scruton and D. E. J. Walshe at the National Physics Laboratory in Great Britain.Scruton, C.; Walshe, D.E.J. (October 1957) "A means for avoiding wind-excited oscillations of structures with circular or nearly circular cross section" National Physics Laboratory (Great Britain), Aerodynamics Report 335.
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Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. They infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. They are the cause of a wide range of diseases in cats, dog, pigs, rodents, cattle and humans. Transmission is by the faecal-oral route.
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There remained the questions of how many strands came together, whether this number was the same for every helix, whether the bases pointed toward the helical axis or away, and ultimately what were the explicit angles and coordinates of all the bonds and atoms. Such questions motivated the modeling efforts of Watson and Crick.
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The fuel and oxidizer flowmeters were helical-vaned, rotor-type flowmeters. They were located in the fuel and oxidizer high-pressure ducts. The flowmeters measured propellant flowrates in the high-pressure propellant ducts. The four-vane rotor in the hydrogen system produced four electrical impulses per revolution and turned approximately 3,700 rpm at nominal flow.
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Note that the complement of the helix angle is usually given for helical gears. ; Pitch diameter, d_w : Same as described earlier in this list. Note that for a worm it is still measured in a plane perpendicular to the gear axis, not a tilted plane. Subscript w denotes the worm, subscript g denotes the gear.
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However, a theoretical approach for the Matalon- Packter law predicting the position of the precipitate bands when the experiments are performed in a test tube, has been provided A general theory based on Ostwald's 1897 theory has recently been proposed . It can account for several important features sometimes seen, such as revert and helical banding.
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T. p. pallidum is a motile spirochaete that is generally acquired by close sexual contact, entering the host via breaches in squamous or columnar epithelium. The organism can also be transmitted to a fetus by transplacental passage during the later stages of pregnancy, giving rise to congenital syphilis. The helical structure of T. p.
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Dislocations are a type of line defect involving the misalignment of these planes. In the case of an edge dislocation, a half plane of atoms is wedged between two planes of atoms. In the case of a screw dislocation two planes of atoms are offset with a helical array running between them.Samuel, J. (2009).
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The C3a, C4a and C5a components are referred to as anaphylatoxins: they cause smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, histamine release from mast cells, and enhanced vascular permeability. They also mediate chemotaxis, inflammation, and generation of cytotoxic oxygen radicals. The proteins are highly hydrophilic, with a mainly alpha-helical structure held together by 3 disulfide bridges.
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A proposed structure of the holoenzyme positions the water-filled central channel of the Gcdα dimer coaxial with the ion channel in Gcdβ. The central channel is blocked by arginines, which could allow Na+ passage by conformational movement or by entry through two side channels. The β-subunits possess 9 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs).
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The three-dimensional crystal structure of a decameric, annular ribonucleoprotein complex of the RSV nucleoprotein (N) bound to RNA has been determined at 3.3 Å resolution. This complex mimics one turn of the viral helical nucleocapsid complex. Its crystal structure was combined with electron microscopy data to provide a detailed model for the RSV nucleocapsid.
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Secondary (inset) and tertiary structure of tRNA demonstrating coaxial stacking.; ; rendered via PyMOL. Coaxial stacking, otherwise known as helical stacking, is a major determinant of higher order RNA tertiary structure. Coaxial stacking occurs when two RNA duplexes form a contiguous helix, which is stabilized by base stacking at the interface of the two helices.
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The original description depicts single, helical, .2-.25 μm by 16-50 μm Gram-negative cells. The temperature range for survival of Spirochaeta thermophila is between 40° and 73° C with an optimum range between 66° and 68 °C. The pH range for survival was measured from 5.9 to 7.7 with an optimum of 7.5.
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The engine is a four-cylinder horizontally-opposed, displacement, air and liquid-cooled, diesel engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox-style of reduction drive with reduction ratio of 1.6:1. It produces at 3950 rpm, with a compression ratio of 18:1. The engine can run on diesel fuel or Jet A-1.
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The protein is a homodimer in which the monomers act independently: each contains a large, mainly alpha-helical domain and a smaller beta-alpha-beta domain, containing a mixed parallel and anti-parallel 6-stranded beta sheet. NADP is bound in a cleft in the small domain, the substrate binding in an adjacent pocket.
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The two-start cross-linker model was proposed in 1986 by Williams et al.. This structure, like the two- start twisted-ribbon model, involves alternating nucleosomes stacking to form two parallel helices, but the nucleosomes are on opposite sides of the helices with the linker DNA crossing across the centre of the helical axis.
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Iron monosilicide (FeSi) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron that occurs in nature as the rare mineral naquite. It is a semiconductor with unusual magnetic properties at low temperatures. It has a cubic crystal lattice with no inversion center; therefore its magnetic structure is helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.
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Iodine molecules fit neatly inside the helical structure of amylose, binding with the starch polymer that absorbs certain known wavelengths of light. Hence, a common test is the iodine test for starch. Mix starch with a small amount of yellow iodine solution. In the presence of amylose, a blue-black color will be observed.
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Dysprosium has a simple ferromagnetic ordering at temperatures below . Above , it turns into a helical antiferromagnetic state in which all of the atomic moments in a particular basal plane layer are parallel and oriented at a fixed angle to the moments of adjacent layers. This unusual antiferromagnetism transforms into a disordered (paramagnetic) state at .
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This is a series of tubes horizontal/ vertical hairpin type connected at ends (with 180° bends) or helical in construction. The radiant coil absorbs heat through radiation. They can be single pass or multi pass depending upon the process-side pressure drop allowed. The radiant coils and bends are housed in the radiant box.
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B, 268, (1969), p. 1530-1533Goldman M., « Nuclear dipolar magnetic ordering », Phys. Rep., 32c, (1977), p. 1-67 This vast domain was the ultimate extension of the spin temperature concept and led in particular to the prediction and observation of magnetic structures unknown to conventional electronic systems, such as the rotating transverse helical order.
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This property comes from the homogenously staining region (HSR) located at the N-terminus. Because of the α-helical four-helix bundle structure, HSR’s are sensitive to conformational changes of the gene. Variants and deletions involving this domain cause an inability to activate gene transcription by preventing oligomer formation and can result in APS-1.
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Details of glass walls (Dutch) The restaurant has a main helical staircase with a full glass balustrade manufactured by Eestairs and did win the prize for the best staircase of the year in 2008. In 2009 Aegon decided to buy this building from real estate fund Unibail-Rodamco and keep the building as their headquarters.
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Phosgenite is a rare mineral consisting of lead chlorocarbonate, (PbCl)2CO3. The tetragonal crystals are prismatic or tabular in habit: they are usually colorless and transparent, and have a brilliant adamantine lustre. Sometimes the crystals have a curious helical twist about the tetrad or principal axis. The hardness is 3 and the specific gravity 6.3.
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These models consider uniform coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity, i.e. the same electrons which are both ferromagnetic and superconducting at the same time. Another scenario where there is an interplay between magnetic and superconducting order in the same material is superconductors with spiral or helical magnetic order. Examples of such include ErRh4B4 and HoMo6S8.
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This family is distantly related to members of the LysE family (TC #2.A.75) and the RhtB family (TC #2.A.76). These three families, which are included in the LysE superfamily, all consist of proteins of similar sizes (about 200 residues) and topologies (6 putative transmembrane α-helical segments; 5 experimentally determined TMSs).
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These features are very important for new peptide design. Helical β-peptides mimic antimicrobial activities of host defense peptides. This feature requires the orientation of cationic –hydrophilic on one side, and hydrophobic residues on the other side of the helix. The attachment of fluorescent group on one head of the molecule confers contrast properties.
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Twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) actuator also known as supercoiled polymer (SCP) actuator is a coiled polymer that can be actuated through resistive heating. . A TCP actuator looks like a helical spring. TCP actuators are usually made from silver coated Nylon. TCP actuators can also be made from other electrical conductance coat such as gold.
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The activated region of the delta toxin is composed of three distinct structural domains: an N-terminal helical bundle domain () involved in membrane insertion and pore formation; a beta-sheet central domain involved in receptor binding; and a C-terminal beta- sandwich domain () that interacts with the N-terminal domain to form a channel.
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They vary in size from 432 amino acyl residues (M. jannaschii) to 923 residues (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The three S. cerevisiae proteins are large (881-923 residues); the animal proteins are substantially smaller (539-616 residues), and the bacterial proteins are still smaller (461-612 residues). They exhibit 11-14 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs).
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Though the presence of a sentient cloud of gas may seem unlikely, the story is grounded in hard science.From plasma crystals and helical structures towards inorganic living matter. Institute of Physics. Retrieved on 2007-08-16 The detection of the cloud is described using physics equations, all of which are included in the book.
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P fimbriae are large, linear structures projecting from the surface of the bacterial cell. With lengths of 1-2um, the pili can be larger than the diameter of the bacteria itself. The main body of the fimbriae is composed of approx. 1000 copies of the major fimbrial subunit protein PapA, forming a helical rod.
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Thus, members of the NhaC family are found in both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria as well as archaea. NhaC of B. firmus is 462 amino acyl residues long and possesses 12 putative transmembrane α-helical segments. MleN of B. subtilis (468 aas; TC# 2.A.35.1.2) also exhibits 12 putative TMSs.
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This is easily seen in snails and sea snails, which have helical shells. At first glance slugs appear externally symmetrical, but their pneumostome (breathing hole) is always on the right side. The origin of asymmetry in gastropods is a subject of scientific debate. Other gastropods develop external asymmetry, such as Glaucus atlanticus that develops asymmetrical cerata as they mature.
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However, large numbers of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal neurites in senile plaques are composed primarily of paired helical filaments, a component of neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques are variable in shape and size, but are on average 50 μm in size. In Alzheimer's disease they are primarily composed of amyloid beta peptides.
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Dr. Cohen attended Hunter College High School in New York City. Later she earned a Bachelor of Arts in Biology and Physics from Bryn Mawr College in 1950, where she graduated summa cum laude. She completed her Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, publishing a thesis entitled The Helical Configuration of the Polypeptide Chains in Collagen.
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As of late 2007, 7 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , and . The enzyme from Bacillus is a monomer consisting of two domains: an alpha helical N-terminal domain, and a C-terminal domain composed of beta sheets. The active site is a deep cleft located between these two domains.
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A five-speed manual became available in 1979. The front suspension was made up of MacPherson struts and helical coil springs with lower wishbones and an anti-roll bar. The rear was semi-independent with dual trailing arms connected by a twist-beam rear suspension and coil springs over telescopic shock absorbers. Steering was by rack-and-pinion.
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This form, also called fibrous sulfur or ω1-sulfur, has been well characterized. It has a density of 2.01 g·cm−3 (α-sulfur 2.069 g·cm−3) and decomposes around its melting point of 104 °C. It consists of parallel helical sulfur chains. These chains have both left and right-handed "twists" and a radius of 95 pm.
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Crick taught himself the mathematical theory of X-ray crystallography.Crick (1990) p. 46: "..there was no alternative but to teach X-ray diffraction to myself." During the period of Crick's study of X-ray diffraction, researchers in the Cambridge lab were attempting to determine the most stable helical conformation of amino acid chains in proteins (the alpha helix).
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The primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones involves interaction with enzymes essential for major DNA functions such as replication, transcription and recombination. Difloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase (also known as Topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for negative super coiling during DNA replication Cell death can occur through the inability of bacteria to maintain the DNA super helical structure.
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Some common features of protein-RNA interfaces were deduced based on known structures. For example, RNP in snRNPs have an RNA-binding motif in its RNA-binding protein. Aromatic amino acid residues in this motif result in stacking interactions with RNA. Lysine residues in the helical portion of RNA- binding proteins help to stabilize interactions with nucleic acids.
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Secondary structure analysis of SH3D21 indicates a long alpha helical structure near the C-terminus. The purpose of this structure is unknown. SH3D21 is predicted to have many phosphorylation sites and multiple sumolyation sites throughout the entirety of the protein. This image is a multiple sequence alignment of the three SH3 domains found in the human SH3D21 protein.
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Helical Wheel of Transmembrane Domain 3. Based on results by Ali2D, the secondary structure of SLC46A3 is rich in α-helices with random coils in between. More precisely, the protein is predicted to be composed of 62.9% α-helix, 33.8% random coil, and 3.3% extended strand. The regions of α-helices span the majority of the transmembrane domains.
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The proteins are mostly alpha-helical, and the dimer is formed in an antiparallel way. The dimer interface features a cavity formed across the two monomers, which can accommodate small to medium sized ligands like steroids and phospholipids. The binding and release may be coupled with the redox state of the cystines, i.e. the presence of these disulfide bonds.
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Monomeric, left-handed β-helix antifreeze protein from the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (). Dimeric, right-handed β-helix antifreeze protein from the beetle Tenebrio molitor (). Face-to-face association of β-helices. A beta helix is a tandem protein repeat structure formed by the association of parallel beta strands in a helical pattern with either two or three faces.
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PreP is a 117 kDa M16C enzyme that is widely expressed in human tissues. PreP is composed of PreP-N (aa 33-509) and PreP-C (aa 576-1037) domains, which are connected by an extended helical hairpin (aa 510-575). Its structure demonstrates that substrate selection by size-exclusion is a conserved mechanism in M16C proteases.
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A nanomotor is a molecular or nanoscale device capable of converting energy into movement. It can typically generate forces on the order of piconewtons.T. E. Mallouk and A. Sen, "Powering nanorobots," Scientific American, May 2009, pp. 72-77J. Wang, "Nanomachines: Fundamental and Application", Wiley, 2013 Magnetically controlled Helical Nanomotor moving inside a HeLa cell drawing a pattern 'N'.
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Similar to the entire protein, it contains normal ratios of each amino acid relative to a reference of human proteins, however, it contains less negatively-charged amino acids and more positively-charged amino acids relative to the entire protein. The MIF4G domain is predicted to contain many alpha-helices and is thought to contain alpha-helical repeats.
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Rectangular hollow Waveguide Flexible waveguide from a J-Band radar Typical waveguide application: antenna feed for military radar. In the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, a waveguide normally consists of a hollow metallic conductor. These waveguides can take the form of single conductors with or without a dielectric coating, e.g. the Goubau line and helical waveguides.
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Installation of micropiles through top soil, sand and cobblestones overburden and into soil rock can be achieved using air rotary or mud rotary drilling, impact driving, jacking, vibrating or screwing machinery. Micropiles can also be used to construct a grout column around the shaft of a helical pile system, allowing for use in higher load applications.
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The basic structure of the Oryza sativa twister ribozyme was crystallographically determined at atomic resolution in 2014. The active site of the twister ribozyme is centered in a double-pseudoknot, facilitating a compact fold structure through two long-range tertiary interactions, in partnership with a helical junction. Magnesium is important for secondary structure stabilization of the ribozyme.
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In 2007 an Arab investor injected money in cash for a 50% share in the company. The remaining shares are held equally by Karl-Heinz Krah and Alexander Krah. In 2008 the Krah pipe manufacturer (Krah Pipe Systems) in Greenwood/USA set up the world's first plant for large diameter helical extrusion pipes, ranging up to for municipal water.
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The full-length structure of a coagulogen is known (); it shares the same cystine-knot cytokine superfamily (fold) as neurotrophins, with several cystines conserved. The A-B fold wraps around the helical peptide C, forming a compact structure. Mammalian blood coagulation is based on the proteolytically induced polymerization of fibrinogens. Initially, fibrin monomers noncovalently interact with each other.
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Their advantage over the helical gears is that the side-thrust of one half is balanced by that of the other half. This means that herringbone gears can be used in torque gearboxes without requiring a substantial thrust bearing. Because of this, herringbone gears were an important step in the introduction of the steam turbine to marine propulsion.
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The sequences of 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase from different sources are well-conserved. The structure takes the form of a homotetramer, in which 2 monomers are related by an approximate 2-fold symmetry. Each monomer comprises 2 domains: an 8-fold alpha-/beta- barrel, and a C-terminal alpha-helical domain. The fold resembles that of N-acetylneuraminate lyase.
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Inside the envelope are the nucleocapsids. These are composed of many copies of the nucleocapsid protein N, which interact with the three segments of the viral genome to form helical structures. The virally encoded RNA polymerase is also found in the interior. By mass, the virion is greater than 50% protein, 20–30% lipid and 2–7% carbohydrate.
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Electron microscopy has revealed tilapia lake virus to be an enveloped icosahedral particle that is 55–100 nm in diameter. Further information of the viral structure is not yet available, however, as TiLV is described to be an orthomyxo-like virus it may share similar structural features, like surface glycoproteins and a helical nucleocapsid, as other spherical orthomyxoviruses.
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As of 2015, there is not a coherent analytical theory for three-dimensional equilibria. The general approach to finding three-dimensional equilibria is to solve the vacuum ideal MHD equations. Numerical solutions have yielded designs for stellarators. Some machines take advantage of simplification techniques such as helical symmetry (for example University of Wisconsin's Helically Symmetric eXperiment).
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Helical feed loaders can fire continuously in any orientation. The 'Q-Loader' system uses a spring-driven clip, eliminating the potential noise of a motor-driven system. The 'Q-Loader' system is capable of loading 100 balls in less than 3 seconds, though breakage can occur at higher spring tensions. There is some confusion about the term 'loader'.
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Given the difference in widths of the major groove and minor groove, many proteins which bind to DNA do so through the wider major groove. Many double-helical forms are possible; for DNA the three biologically relevant forms are A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA, while RNA double helices have structures similar to the A form of DNA.
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Schematic showing relationship between the CMP and CHP. Triple helical CMPs can be heated (above a defined temperature) to dissociate into monomeric CHPs; upon cooling, CHP strands can re-assemble into a triple helix over time. Collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The collagen superfamily consists of 28 different types of collagen.
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Known proteins in the AGCS family are between 445 and 550 amino acyl residues in length and possess 8 to 12 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. Members may possess 11 transmembrane segments (TMSs), as seems to be true for DagA (TC# 2.A.25.1.1) and AgcS (TC# 2.A.25.1.3), although Acp (TC# 2.A.25.1.
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Josiah Emery used, with Arnold's permission, an earlier form of his compensation balance and helical balance spring, in conjunction with the detached lever escapement of Thomas Mudge.Plate 178 P.290 The English Watch Camerer Cuss. Antique Collectors Club publication 2009 . John Brockbank employed Earnshaw to make his pattern of chronometer, but with Brockbank's design of compensation balance.
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She pursues Neviril for a time when she first joins the chor, but eventually gives up. She has a keen interest in understanding how the helical motors that power the Simoun work, and is a compulsive flirt. She and Wapōrif develop a romantic attraction. At the end of the series, she and Waporif had a child.
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The upper structural dome sits on this ring. A grid of trusses inside the ring supports two helical structures of the ride and show system. Below the ring, a second dome is hung from the bottom, completing the spherical shape. The ring and trusses form a table-like structure which separates the upper dome from the lower.
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It is hinged across the widest point. This tool can be rotated to ride over poor mortar joints or dragged over the joint to scrape any protuberance. An auger can be screwed onto one end, it may be a single helical coarse thread or even double helix. The latter being ideal to capture thin young tree roots.
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The tail of the sperm is the driving force for the microtube. The second type, the helical spermbot, is a small helix structure which captures and transports single immotile sperm cells. In this case, a rotating magnetic field drives the helix in a screw-like motion. Both kinds of spermbots can be guided by weak magnetic fields.
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Robotic sperm can be navigated by weak external magnetic fields of a few mT. These fields can be generated by permanent magnets or by a setup of electromagnets. The applied magnetic field can be a homogeneous, rotating, or gradient field. Tubular and helical spermbots can also be navigated in a closed-loop control scheme with an electromagnetic coil setup.
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The gears are helical involute. The dual-offset cast-iron transfer case is also based on early military specified driveline requirements. The 2.46:1 low range allows low crawl speeds over uneven terrain and steep grades. The leaf- sprung straight axles are of a legacy design close to Dana 44 with 3.73:1 final drive ratio.
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The prototypical holin is the lambda phage S protein, which assists the lambda phage R protein (lysin). All holins embed themselves in the cell membrane and contain at least two transmembrane helical domains. The hole making process is thought to be achieved by holin oligomerization at a specific moment when progeny virions are set to be released.
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The Bacillus firmus transporter and several homologues examined have strongly charged, hydrophilic N-terminal domains (cytoplasmic) followed by a hydrophobic C-terminal domain with 5 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners. A central 100 residues resembles archaeal inositol monophosphate dehydrogenases. Kehres and Maguire suggest that the MgtE proteins are secondary carriers with inwardly directed polarity. Hattori et al.
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Such isotactic macromolecules coil into a helical shape; these helices then line up next to one another to form the crystals that give commercial isotactic polypropylene many of its desirable properties. A ball-and-stick model of syndiotactic polypropylene. Another type of metallocene catalysts produce syndiotactic polypropylene. These macromolecules also coil into helices (of a different type) and crystallize.
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The Cheviot is a distinctive white-faced sheep, with a wool-free face and legs, pricked ears, black muzzle and black feet. It is a very alert and active sheep. Cheviot wool has a distinctive helical crimp, which gives it that highly desirable resilience. The fleece should be dense and firm with no kemp or coloured hair.
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Lower changes of elevation require larger installations or dams, and can be less efficient. Clogging at the turbine intake can be a practical problem. The usual solution is a small pool and waterfall (a penstock) to carry away floating debris. Another solution is to utilize a turbine that resists debris, such as a Gorlov helical turbine or Ossberger turbine.
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Arylkylamine N-acetyltransferase is a monomeric polypeptide with a length of 207 amino acid residues, and with a molecular weight of 23,344 daltons. The secondary structure consists of alpha helices and beta sheets. It is 28% helical (10 helices; 60 residues) and 23% beta sheet (9 strands; 48 residues). This family shares four conserved sequence motifs designated A-D.
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Images generated in PyMOL. FPPS adopts a 3-layered α-helical fold characteristic of many prenyltransferases with 11 helices and flexible loops in between. The centrally located helices (α4 and α8) contain conserved aspartate motifs (DDXXD) that participate in substrate binding and catalysis. Motif aspartate residues, water oxygens, and pyrophosphate coordinate three Mg2+in an octahedral manner.
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The entire structure is 30 feet tall. The rear tower is a square steel structure, 24 feet on a side, with a pyramidal roof. On top of the roof is an octagonal tower, rising two stories above the main structure. Atop the tower is a circular lantern room with helical bars, surrounded by a black iron parapet and walkway.
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In 1951 he invented and tested the first explosively pumped flux compression generators, Translated as: Republished as: Translated as: compressing magnetic fields by explosives. He called these devices MK (for MagnetoKumulative) generators. The radial MK-1 produced a pulsed magnetic field of 25 megagauss (2500 teslas). The resulting helical MK-2 generated 1000 million amperes in 1953.
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Trichohyalin belongs to the S100-fused protein family. It is a monomer, containing 1943 amino acids, and has elongated (>200 nm) single-stranded alpha-helical conformation based on its unusually high content of charged residues. Molecular mass of the human trichohyalin is 253925 Da. The protein includes nine domains. Domain 1 contains two EF-hand calcium-binding domains.
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Whether helical or straight fletched, when natural fletching (bird feathers) is used it is critical that all feathers come from the same side of the bird. Oversized fletchings can be used to accentuate drag and thus limit the range of the arrow significantly; these arrows are called flu-flus. Misplacement of fletchings can change the arrow's flight path dramatically.
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Myb genes are part of a large gene family of transcription factors found in animals and plants. In humans, it includes Myb proto-oncogene like 1 and Myb- related protein B in addition to MYB proper. Members of the extended SANT/Myb family also include the SANT domain and other similar all-helical homeobox- like domains.
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The density of the hair was similar to normally coated Maine Coons, but consisted only of down type hairs with a normal down type helical curl, which varied as in normal down hairs. Whiskers were more curved, but not curly. Maine Coons do not have awn hairs, and after moulting, the rexes had a very thin coat.
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Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1) Icosahedral, 2) Helical, and 3) Complex. 1) Icosahedral- An icosahedron is a polyhedron with 12 vertices and 20 faces. Two types of capsomeres constitute the icosahedral capsid: pentagonal (pentons) at the vertices and hexagonal (hexons) at the faces. There are always twelve pentons, but the number of hexons varies among virus groups.
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The PP-90M1 (Cyrillic: ПП-90М1) is a 9×19mm Parabellum Russian submachine gun developed by KBP Instrument Design Bureau in the 1990s. It features a 64-round helical magazine, and other than sharing a manufacturer is unrelated to the similarly named PP-90M. The weapon may also be used with a 32-round box magazine if desired.
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Extinct terrestrial vascular plants of the Devonian period. Stem of the order of several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to a metre long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base. Vascular bundle actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves are unbranched thorn-shaped (i.e.
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In 1956 Bostick demonstrated the existence of "plasmoids", force-free, charge-carrying "strings".Winston H. Bostick, "Experimental Study of Ionized Matter Projected across a Magnetic Field", Physical Review, V104, N2, pp. 292-299 (Oct 1956). Ten years later he postulated an electron composed of helical plasmoids forming vortex "loops" around a "ring", similar to the Parson Magneton.
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This lighthouse, owned and operated by the United States Coast Guard, is an active aid to navigation. The steel tower has a square Balcony and "round cast iron lantern room [that] features helical astragals" in the lantern.Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Milwaukee Breakwater Light. The two- story steel lighthouse keeper's quarters are in the art deco style.
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The RRE is a highly structured RNA element. Computational predictions, later verified by chemical and enzymatic probing, indicate that RRE contains multiple stem loops and bulges (see Figure). Rev binds to RRE in a sequence specific manner with Rev-RNA recognition mediated by a 17-residue a-helical stretch on Rev, the Arginine-Rich-Motif (ARM). RRE Secondary Structure.
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The aspartate rich segment helps stabilize the magnesium ion that activates the pyrophosphate leaving. Only D351 and D355 directly interact with the magnesium, but the entire aspartate-rich domain is shown for convenience. The numbers represent the coordination distance in angstroms. Bornyl diphosphate synthase is a homodimeric isomerase, with each of the two monomers containing two α-helical domains.
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Drp1, which is a member of the dynamin superfamily of proteins, consists of a GTPase and GTPase effector domain that are separated from each other by a helical segment of amino acids. There are 3 mouse and 6 human isoforms of Drp1, including a brain-specific variant. Drp1 exists as homooligomers and its function relies on its oligomerization ability.
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SK potassium channels share the same basic architecture with Shaker-like voltage-gated potassium channels. Four subunits associate to form a tetramer. Each of the subunits has six transmembrane hydrophobic alpha helical domains (S1-S6). A loop between S5 and S6—called the P-loop—provides the pore-forming region that always faces the center of the channel.
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The pressure exerted on the axle can often be adjusted for smoothest operation, and the drawtube may be locked in position to support heavy eyepieces or cameras. Subsequently, variations on the Crayford focuser concept have emerged, e.g. a helical Crayford where the drawtube is pressed against four tilted ball bearings, and focusing action is accomplished by rotating the drawtube.
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Toki is increasing a bedroom community for nearby Gifu and Nagoya. The city is known for its production of ceramics. In Spring 2005, a number of large outlet malls was opened on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the Large Helical Device, a stellarator investigating plasma physics with an eye towards fusion power generation.
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These contractions can apply or resist compressive forces to the overall structure. A balance of synchronized, compressive and resistive forces along the three lines of action, enable the muscle to move in diverse and complex ways. Contraction of helical fibers causes elongation and shortening of the hydrostat. Unilateral contraction of these muscles can cause a bending movement.
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For satellite communication, helical, and turnstile antennas are used since satellites typically employ circular polarization which is not sensitive to the relative orientation of the transmitting and receiving antennas. For television broadcasting specialized vertical radiators that are mostly modifications of the slot antenna or reflective array antenna are used: the slotted cylinder, zig-zag, and panel antennas.
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The United States Air Force used 6-hour VR-660 VTRs in B-52 bombers to record bombing runs during the Vietnam War and during training exercises. The first helical scan VTR used in broadcast TV stations was the VR-660. Later versions of the VR-660 had a color option, the VR-660C, with an external color adapter.
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The Woltman meter (invented by Reinhard Woltman in the 19th century) comprises a rotor with helical blades inserted axially in the flow, much like a ducted fan; it can be considered a type of turbine flowmeter.Arregui, Cabrera, Cobacho, Integrated Water Meter Management, p. 33 They are commonly referred to as helix meters, and are popular at larger sizes.
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Perhaps, Mering is best remembered for his inspiration and influence on the British chemist Rosalind Franklin, whom he trained in X-ray crystallography. Franklins' X-ray crystallographic image, popularised as Photo 51, became the single piece of clue for the discovery of the double-stranded helical structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
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MFCs are used in water treatment to harvest energy utilizing anaerobic digestion. The process can also reduce pathogens. However, it requires temperatures upwards of 30 degrees C and requires an extra step in order to convert biogas to electricity. Spiral spacers may be used to increase electricity generation by creating a helical flow in the MFC.
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The image shows a rotation of the director about 180° in a cholesteric phase. The corresponding distance is the half-pitch, p/2. A cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) is a display containing a liquid crystal with a helical structure and which is therefore chiral. Cholesteric liquid crystals are also known as chiral nematic liquid crystals.
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A diagram of a solid single-form thread cutting tool A solid multiple-form thread milling cutter. Whereas a hob engages the work much as a mating gear would (and cuts the blank progressively until it reaches final shape), a thread milling cutter operates much like an endmill, traveling around the work in a helical interpolation.
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With single-molecules as researched in molecular electronics at the 5 nanometer scale this would be impractical. Nanofibers can be prepared from polymers such as polyaniline and polyacetylene 12. Chiral oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s self-assemble in a controlled fashion into (helical) wires 3. An example of actively researched compounds in this field are certain coronenes.
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Due to RKKY interaction between magnetic Pt-vacancies, this results in layer-dependent ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic behavior. Monolayers of platinum diselenide show helical spin texture, which is not expected for centrosymmetric materials such as this. This property could be due to a local dipole induced Rashba effect. It means that PtSe2 is a potential spintronics material.
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Schematic illustration of the TMEM81 peptide The TMEM81 precursor peptide is 255 amino acids long with a predicted molecular weight of 28.5 kDa and pI = 8.92.NextProt entry on TMEM81 The protein contains a helical transmembrane region, an extracellular immunoglobulin domain, and an N-linked glycosylation site. A disulfide bridge is predicted to form between residues Cys104 and Cys156.
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The protein structure of CCDC120 is predicted to contain, as the name implies, a 65 amino acid coiled coil from positions 109-173. Multiple algorithms identify 3 distinct sites where alpha-helical structures could form which are conserved in Gorilla gorilla gorilla and Danio rerio. Algorithms do not agree on any location for a beta sheet structure.
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Introduced in 2015, the LSA850 series is based upon the Weber Motor MPE 850. The LSA850 is a twin- cylinder four-stroke two-stroke, in-line, displacement, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 3.33:1. It employs electronic ignition and has a compression ratio of 9:1.
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The species have cells that are 0.2–1.5 mcm in diameter. Their motile cells have a fascicle of flagella on one or both ends, with the exception of one species.Medilexicon Dictionary Retrieved March 18, 2016 They are rigid and generally helical, and are 0.2–1.4 um in diameter. They also have a special polar membrane near the flagella.
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Proposed in 2019 by NASA scientist Dr. David Burns, the helical engine concept would use a particle accelerator to accelerate particles to near the speed of light. Since particles traveling at such speeds acquire more mass, it is believed that this mass change could create acceleration. According to Burns, the spacecraft could theoretically reach 99% the speed of light.
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A skew apeirogon in two dimensions forms a zig-zag line in the plane. If the zig-zag is even and symmetrical, then the apeirogon is regular. Skew apeirogons can be constructed in any number of dimensions. In three dimensions, a regular skew apeirogon traces out a helical spiral and may be either left- or right-handed.
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The team first considered spinning the radar dish around a vertical axis and then angling the dish up and down a few degrees with each complete circuit. The vertical motion could be smoothed out by moving continually rather than in steps, producing a helix pattern. However, this helical-scan solution had two disadvantages; one was that the dish spent half of its time pointed backwards, limiting the amount of energy broadcast forward, and the other was that it required the microwave energy to somehow be sent to the antenna through a rotating feed. At a 25 October all-hands meeting attended by Dee, Hodgkin and members of the GEC group at GEC's labs, the decision was made to proceed with the helical-scan solution in spite of these issues.
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The protein is a homopentamer composed mostly of helical regions trans orientation of the helices with respect to the bilayer, with two domains: the cytoplasmic and the transmembrane. The channel is 85 Å in length, 35 Å and 50 Å for the cytoplasmic transmembrane domain respectively and 50 Å in diameter. The helices cross the membrane twice with both the C-terminal and the N-terminal, thus having two transmembrane domains TM1 and TM2 being TM1 the most conserved region among MscL proteins especially at the N-terminal region. It is located in the cytoplasm and forms a α-hydrophobic helix called S1; the region between the transmembrane domains form a loop that is divided into two regions: S2 a glycine-proline rich region and S3 a short helical section.
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Sectional drawing of a pogo pin, showing the plunger, barrel, and spring A pogo pin or spring-loaded pin is a type of electrical connector mechanism that is used in many modern electronic applications and in the electronics testing industry. They are used for their improved durability over other electrical contacts, and the resilience of their electrical connection to mechanical shock and vibration. The name pogo pin comes from the pin's resemblance to a pogo stickthe integrated helical spring in the pin applies a constant normal force against the back of the mating receptacle or contact plate, counteracting any unwanted movement which might otherwise cause an intermittent connection. This helical spring makes pogo pins unique, since most other types of pin mechanisms use a cantilever spring or expansion sleeve.
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Structure of the NBD of ABC transporters with bound nucleotide (). Linear representation of protein sequence above shows the relative positions of the conserved amino acid motifs in the structure (colors match with 3D structure) The ABC domain consists of two domains, the catalytic core domain similar to RecA-like motor ATPases and a smaller, structurally diverse α-helical subdomain that is unique to ABC transporters. The larger domain typically consists of two β-sheets and six α helices, where the catalytic Walker A motif (GXXGXGKS/T where X is any amino acid) or P-loop and Walker B motif (ΦΦΦΦD, of which Φ is a hydrophobic residue) is situated. The helical domain consists of three or four helices and the ABC signature motif, also known as LSGGQ motif, linker peptide or C motif.
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Normal-mode helical UHF TV broadcasting antenna 1954 If the circumference of the helix is significantly less than a wavelength and its pitch (axial distance between successive turns) is significantly less than a quarter wavelength, the antenna is called a normal-mode helix. The antenna acts similar to a monopole antenna, with an omnidirectional radiation pattern, radiating equal power in all directions perpendicular to the antenna's axis. However, because of the inductance added by the helical shape, the antenna acts like a inductively loaded monopole; at its resonant frequency it is shorter than a quarter-wavelength long. Therefore, normal-mode helices can be used as electrically short monopoles, an alternative to center- or base-loaded whip antennas, in applications where a full sized quarter-wave monopole would be too big.
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IL-22 is an α-helical cytokine. IL-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IL-10R2 and IL-22R1 subunits. IL-22R is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. Crystallization is possible if the N-linked glycosylation sites are removed in mutants of IL-22 bound with high-affinity cell-surface receptor sIL-22R1.
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The front wheel used helical springs and hydraulic dampers; the rear axle leaf springs. It was connected on both sides to the Trado-system by which all four rear wheels could be driven. Hydraulic brakes were present on all six wheels. It had been intended to fit bulletproof tyres, but as none were available conventional Dunlop Trackgrip terrain tyres were used.
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The Forte VD.01(often called Danuvia VD-01) is a pistol manufactured, for a short time, by Danuvia Engineering Industries from 1990. In 1998, the rights to manufacture have been sold to Intermodul Weapon Shops. The gun has gained some international attention as an oddity due to the unorthodox appearance and helical magazine. Some prototype of machine pistol version has been built.
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Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3LG) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FLT3LG gene. Flt3 ligand (FL) is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine. It is structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). In synergy with other growth factors, Flt3 ligand stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of various blood cell progenitors.
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The inner sheet of the β-jelly roll contains the active site. Lyases with these folds tend to belong to the PL-7, PL-14, and PL-18 families. The (α/α)n toroid class contains a barrel-shaped catalytic domain which is composed of between three and seven counterclockwise helical hairpins. These hairpins are formed by various anti-parallel α-helices.
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Another cause of varying driving force is friction, which varies as the lubricating oil ages. Early watchmakers empirically found approaches to make their balance springs isochronous. For example, John Arnold in 1776 patented a helical (cylindrical) form of the balance spring, in which the ends of the spring were coiled inwards. In 1861 M. Phillips published a theoretical treatment of the problem.
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Possessing a unique 100-round helical-fed magazine mounted on top of the weapon, the introduction of the Federal assault weapons ban made manufacture of the Calico family of weapons for sale to civilians illegal, until the legislation expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision. The company is now allowed to build the exotic firearms in their original configuration.
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Eosinophil peroxidase is a predominately α-helical heme-containing enzyme. The core of the catalytic domain surrounding the active site consists of six α-helices, five from the heavy polypeptide chain and one from the light. The fold of the enzyme is known as the heme peroxidase fold, conserved among all members of this gene family. However, not all members possess peroxidase activity.
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Used in reel or cylinder mowers, cylinder blades are composed of three to seven helical blades welded in a horizontally rotating cylindrical reel, creating a scissor-like cutting action. Unlike other types of mower blades, reel/cylinder blades cannot be replaced; therefore, a broken blade requires replacement of the entire mower. For dull or rusty blades, cleaning and sharpening kits are available.
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The front suspension was a new design with adjustable helical springs in series, and the shocks were adjusted on the dashboard with the new André Telecontrol. This gave the car a variable geometry that provided improved handling and safety. The brake drums were also modified with alloy fins for better cooling and braking. The price was set at 55000.00 Escudos.
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Renaissance gateway in Granada The Solomonic column, also called Barley-sugar column, is a helical column, characterized by a spiraling twisting shaft like a corkscrew. It is not associated with a specific classical order, although most examples have Corinthian or Composite capitals. But it may be crowned with any design, for example, making a Roman Doric solomonic or Ionic solomonic column.
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In this case, the mirror image has the same symmetry group. In particular, asymmetric objects (that only have the identity transformation as symmetry, like a human hand) are not metachiral, since the mirror image is also asymmetric. In general, two-dimensional objects and bounded three-dimensional objects are not metachiral. An example of a metachiral object is an infinite helical staircase.
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Cobatoxin is a 32-residue toxin with 3 disulfide bridges, which are located on C1-C4, C2-C5 and C3- C6 (Cys3-Cys22, Cys8-Cys27, and Cys12-Cys29). The peptide backbone is folded according to an α/β scaffold, both α-helical and two- stranded β-sheet structures are present. Cobatoxin 1 has a rod-like shape due to an extended N-terminus.
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A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological function. The prefix poly comes from the ancient Greek πολυς (polys, many). DNA consists of two chains of polynucleotides, with each chain in the form of a helical spiral.
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IICMan of E. coli has been reported to have six transmembrane α-helical segments, while IIDMan was reported to have only one. However, hydropathy plots show multiple peaks of hydropathy, rendering the experimental result, suggesting 1 TMS, questionable. These two proteins together are required for transport, although IICMan is presumed to comprise all or most of the sugar transporting channel.
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All rhabdoviruses have two major structural components: a helical ribonucleoprotein core (RNP) and a surrounding envelope. In the RNP, genomic RNA is tightly encased by the nucleoprotein. Two other viral proteins, the phosphoprotein and the large protein (L-protein or polymerase) are associated with the RNP. The glycoprotein forms approximately 400 trimeric spikes which are tightly arranged on the surface of the virus.
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Closeup image of the skin of a marbled eel The cross helical fiber arrangement of the two dermal fibers types collagen and elastin, are responsible for the mechanical properties of the skinL. Yang. Mechanical properties of native and cross-linked type i collagen fibrils. Biophysical Journal, 94(6):2204–2211, March 2008. such as the two dimensional stiffness seen in the eel skin.
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The continuous helical frieze winds 25 times from base to capital, and was in its time an architectural innovation. The design was adopted by later emperors such as Marcus Aurelius. The narrative band expands from about at the base of the column to at the top.Art History: Fourth Edition by Marilyn Stokstad and Michael W. Cothren The scenes unfold continuously.
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The rhizomes of W. oroszii are erect in positioning and grow up to in diameter, larger than W. yakimaensis. The dictyostele is made of five to seven oval meristeles and has a maximum diameter of . The frond bases are flattened on the upper sides and generally produced by the rhizomes in groups of two to four in a helical arrangement.
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A high degree of conservation is observed in the carboxyl terminal 100 residues. Independent carboxyl-terminal domains are the short versions, from the filamentous species Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 and Nostoc punctiforme. There are two independently folded domains of the kaiA protein: KaiA180C (amino terminal with a mainly alpha helical structure) and KaiA189N domain (carboxyl terminal domain, corresponding to residues 1-189).
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Dystrophin protein is found in muscle fiber membrane; its helical nature allows it to act like a spring or shock absorber. Dystrophin links actin in the cytoskeleton and dystroglycans of the muscle cell plasma membrane, known as the sarcolemma (extracellular). In addition to mechanical stabilization, dystrophin also regulates calcium levels. The gene for dystrophin is located on the X chromosome.
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Each RO Antenna is composed of three vertical sub-arrays, four elements each. Each element is a two-turn Helical Spiral. The collected signals from the four vertical elements are combined with a low loss beamformer. The name 'Cafeteria Cups' comes from the fact that the antenna elements in the very first prototype were made out of plastic cups from the JPL cafeteria.
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WaTx belongs to the κ-KTx family, as it shows similarities in the disulfide bonding pattern. The KTx family is classified into four subfamilies: α-, β-, γ-, and κ-KTx. Unlike other KTx subfamilies, κ-KTx scorpion toxins form cysteine-stabilized α-helical hairpins (Cs α/α), whereas κ-KTx spider and crab toxins form cysteine-stabilized antiparallel β-sheets (Cs β/β).
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Aldose reductase may be considered a prototypical enzyme of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme superfamily. The enzyme comprises 315 amino acid residues and folds into a β/α-barrel structural motif composed of eight parallel β strands. Adjacent strands are connected by eight peripheral α-helical segments running anti-parallel to the β sheet. The catalytic active site situated in the barrel core.
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Members of the collagen superfamily are major contributors to the extracellular matrix. The triple helical structure provides strength and stability to collagen fibers by providing great resistance to tensile stress. The rigidity of the collagen fibers is an important factor that can withstand most mechanical stress, making it an ideal protein for macromolecular transport and overall structural support throughout the body.
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The TPR domains are found in many proteins that facilitate specific interactions with a partner protein. Three-dimensional structural data have shown that a TPR region forms two antiparallel alpha- helices. TPR motifs that are arranged one in front of another create a right- handed helical structure with an amphipathic channel which could possibly accommodate the complementary region of a target protein.
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Screw conveyors, also known as augers, are conveyors made from a helical blade with rotational motion to move grain. They are on many types of farm equipment, including combines and grain carts for example. Augers generally have a high power requirements, but are portable and low cost. In addition, augers tend to cause high levels of mechanical damage to the grain.
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The plant is owned by Metlife and John Hancock Financial Services, which also partnered to finance the construction. Buesing Corp of Phoenix AZ was contracted to set the 16,800 helical screw pile foundations. The facility was completed in nine months, and was at full production by the end of December 2010. The start of commercial operations was announced in March 2011.
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In an experimental study conducted by Tsutomu Higashijima and his counterparts, mastoparan was compared to melittin, which is found in bee venom. Mainly, the structure and reaction to phosphate was studied in each toxin. Using Circular Dichroism (CD), it was found that when mastoparan was exposed to methanol, an alpha helical form existed. It was concluded that strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurred.
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It was discovered by Rosalind Franklin, who also named the A and B forms. She showed that DNA is driven into the A form when under dehydrating conditions. Such conditions are commonly used to form crystals, and many DNA crystal structures are in the A form. The same helical conformation occurs in double-stranded RNAs, and in DNA-RNA hybrid double helices.
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Bunyaviruses have tripartite genomes consisting of a large (L), medium (M), and small (S) RNA segment. These RNA segments are single-stranded, and exist in a helical formation within the virion. Besides, they exhibit a pseudo-circular structure due to each segment's complementary ends. The L segment encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, necessary for viral RNA replication and mRNA synthesis.
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The helical nucleocapsid contains an RNA genome consisting of two negative single-stranded RNA segments. The negative RNA strand, complementary to the necessary mRNA strand, indicates that it must first be transcribed into a positive mRNA strand before it can be translated into the required proteins. The L strand is ambisense RNA, encoding multiple proteins in opposite directions, separated by an intergenic region.
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These data suggest that RiAFP is a well-folded β-helical protein, having six β-strand regions consisting of 13-amino acids (including one TxTxTxT binding motif) per strand. Primary crystallographic studies, have been published on a RiAFP crystal (which diffracted to 1.3Å resolution) in the trigonal space group P3121 (or P3221), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 46.46, c = 193.21Å.
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For each additional helical twist being accommodated, the lobes will show one more rotation about their axis. As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled. Lobal contortions of a circular DNA, such as the rotation of the figure-eight lobes above, are referred to as writhe. The above example illustrates that twist and writhe are interconvertible.
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The result page first shows general information (length, average hydrophobicity). If the protein in question is a transmembrane protein, the number of transmembrane domains and their localization is noted. A "hydropathy-profile" with colored accents of hydrophobic parts; the helical wheel diagrams of potential transmembrane domains are shown as well. The last image shows a schematic overview of the transmembrane protein's location.
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There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, among the largest for an RNA virus (second only to a 41-kb nidovirus recently discovered in planaria).
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Double helical magnetic interaction, Leedskalnin.com: Magnetic Current Research Leedskalnin claimed that all matter was being acted upon by what he called "individual magnets". He also claimed that scientists of his time were looking in the wrong place for their understanding of electricity and that they were observing only "one half of the whole concept" with "one sided tools of measurement".
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Gamow worked on Phycomyces blakesleeanus during postdoctoral research under Max Delbrück at Caltech. At CU-Boulder, he did Phycomyces research for over twenty years, mainly on the avoidance and anemotropic responses, helical growth, and cell-wall mechanical properties. He also studied the infrared-detectors of the Boa constrictor. An avid outdoorsman, Gamow developed many inventions for safety in outdoor activities.
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The cutter head's axis of rotation is parallel to the table surfaces and perpendicular to the feed direction. The knives cut into the board in the direction opposite to the feed. Some, more expensive, jointer models contain a spiral, or helical, cutting head. This configuration has many individually mounted, self-indexing knives that can be rotated to a new edge when necessary.
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Actin exists in two states in the axonal and dendritic processes: globular or G-actin and filament/filamentous or F-actin. G-actin are the monomer building blocks that assemble via weak noncovalent interactions to form F-actin. F-actin is a two-stranded asymmetrical helical polymer. The asymmetrical quality of F-actin allows for different binding specificities at each end.
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The Bizon SMG with detached magazine. Demonstrated is the hinge-like action required to seat the magazine. One of the Bizon's more unusual features is the magazine, which is often mistaken for a grenade launcher. The cylinder below the barrel is in fact a 64-round helical-feed magazine, similar to the type used in the American Calico M960 submachine gun.
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The gears with double chevrons that reputedly were the basis of the Citroën logo. His grave in Paris (2011) André-Gustave Citroën (; 5 February 1878 – 3 July 1935) was a French industrialist and the founder of French automaker Citroën. He is remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his application of double helical gears.
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In that year he visited Poland, the birthland of his mother, who had recently died. During that holiday, he saw a carpenter working on a set of gears with a fish bone structure. These gears were less noisy, and more efficient. Citroën bought the patent for very little money, leading to the invention that is credited to Citroën: double helical gears.
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In structural biology, resolution can be broken down into 4 groups: (1) sub-atomic, individual elements are distinguishable and quantum effects can be studied, (2) atomic, individual atoms are visible and an accurate three-dimensional model can be constructed, (3) helical, secondary structure, such as alpha helices and beta sheets; RNA helices (in ribosomes), (4) domain, no secondary structure is resolvable.
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Depending on the manufacturing process, enantiopure forms can be more expensive to produce than stereochemical mixtures. Chiral preferences can also be found at a macroscopic level. Snail shells can be right-turning or left-turning helices, but one form or the other is strongly preferred in a given species. In the edible snail Helix pomatia, only one out of 20,000 is left-helical.
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These locks afforded little protection against forced and surreptitious entry. Contemporary with the smokehouse padlocks and originating in the Slavic areas of Europe, "screw key" padlocks opened with a helical key that was threaded into the keyhole. The key pulled the locking bolt open against a strong spring. Padlocks that offered more key variance were the demise of the screw lock.
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Cholesteryl benzoate, also called 5-cholesten-3-yl benzoate, is an organic chemical, an ester of cholesterol and benzoic acid. It is a liquid crystal material forming cholesteric liquid crystals with helical structure. It can be used with cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate in some thermochromic liquid crystals. It is used in some hair colors, make-ups, and some other cosmetic preparations.
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Cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) is an organic chemical, a carbonate ester of cholesterol and oleyl alcohol with carbonic acid. It is a liquid crystal material forming cholesteric liquid crystals with helical structure. It is a transparent liquid, or a soft crystalline material with melting point around 20 °C. It can be used with cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl benzoate in some thermochromic liquid crystals.
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In most screws, called "single start" screws, which have a single helical thread along their length, the lead and pitch are equal. They only differ in "multiple start" screws, which have several intertwined threads. In these screws, the lead is equal to the pitch multiplied by the number of "starts". Lead angle is the angle between the helix and a plane of rotation.
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The main landing gear is sprung 7075-T6 aluminium, while the nose gear has lever suspension using rubber pucks and helical springs. The main wheels include hydraulic disc brakes. The standard engine fitted is the Rotax 912ULS, driving a three-bladed Ivoprop propeller. The aircraft has a typical empty weight of and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .
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The standard lens is the Carl Zeiss Planar 1:2 f=50mm in bright aluminium finish with a chrome 49 mm thread filter ring and an outer bayonet for ZI filters. The lens focuses to 30 cm, which is closer than the usual 50 cm. The focusing helical is remarkably smooth and precise. There is no aperture ring on the Contarex lens itself.
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Amylose is a polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units, bonded to each other through α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. It is one of the two components of starch, making up approximately 20-30%. Because of its tightly packed helical structure, amylose is more resistant to digestion than other starch molecules and is therefore an important form of resistant starch.
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Amylose is important in plant energy storage. It is less readily digested than amylopectin; however, because of its helical structure, it takes up less space compared to amylopectin. As a result, it is the preferred starch for storage in plants. It makes up about 30% of the stored starch in plants, though the specific percentage varies by species and variety.
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Matteucci effect is one of the magnetomechanical effects, which is thermodynamically inverse to Wiedemann effect. It is observable in amorphous wires with helical domain structure, which can be obtained by twisting the wire, or annealing under twist. The effect is most distinct in the so-called 'dwarven alloys' (called so because of the historical cobalt element etymology), with cobalt as main substituent.
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The index is measured by determining the fraction of the polymer insoluble in boiling heptane. Commercially available polypropylenes usually have an isotactic index between 85 and 95%. The tacticity effects the polymers physical properties. As the methyl group is in isotactic propylene consistently located at the same side, it forces the macromolecule in a helical shape, as also found in starch.
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Figure 3. Gating mechanism of TRPV6. Shown are the closed and open conformations of the S6 transmembrane domain of TRPV6. The opening of the lower gate is caused by an α- to the π-helical transition of the transmembrane helix S6 at residue A566, which induces the intracellular part of S6 bends by about 11º and rotates by about 100º.
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The lighthouse is high with a cylindrical cast iron clad stone tower all painted white. Small porthole windows in the north and south side of the column light an internal helical newel staircase. The light source is held in the original eight windowed lantern housing under a hemispherical copper domed roof. Below the windows there is a railed circular platform supported by brackets.
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Forward gears are helical-type while reverse gear including the exterior of the first and second synchronizers sleeve are spur-type gears. This transmission is also known as the Tremec T-170, HEH, or RUG depending on the year(s) of production. At some point in the early 1970s production was moved to Mexico and the name was changed to Tremec.
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The ManY and ManNZ subunits are hydrophobic integral membrane proteins with six and one transmembrane alpha helical spanner(s). The phosphoryl group of PEP is transferred to the imported sugar via Enzyme 1, histidine protein phosphate carrier, and then to the ManX, ManY, and ManZ subunits of the ManXYZ transportation complex, which phosphorylates the entering hexose sugar, creating a hexose-6-phosphate.
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The Lanchester harmonic balancer on the crankshaft has two weighted drums driven at twice crankshaft speed, one by a helical gear wheel attached to the crankshaft and the other by the primary drum. In a four-cylinder engine unbalanced secondary forces occur twice in each crankshaft revolution. The harmonic balancer counteracts any tendency to undesirable vibration. Few surviving cars retain the balancer.
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Zero ionic layer is the main site of interaction in the core SNARE complex. Dipole-dipole interactions take place between 3 glutamine (Q) residues and 1 arginine (R) residue exposed in this layer. Despite that, the majority of the SNARE complex is hydrophobic because of the leucine zipper. Extensively studied layers within the SNARE alpha-helical bundle are designated from "-7" to "+8".
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The collagens are a superfamily of proteins that play a role in maintaining the integrity of various tissues. Collagens are extracellular matrix proteins and have a triple-helical domain as their common structural element. Collagen VI is a major structural component of microfibrils. The basic structural unit of collagen VI is a heterotrimer of the alpha1(VI), alpha2(VI), and alpha3(VI) chains.
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Her research is inspired by nature, where helical structures are often created for movement. She moved to the University of Twente in 2013, and was promoted to Professor in 2016. She returned to the University of Groningen as Professor of Active Molecular Systems in 2020. Katsonis has worked on light responsive materials, which can convert light energy into mechanical work.
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The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus contains a third protein, crescentin, that is related to the intermediate filaments of eukaryotic cells. Crescentin is also involved in maintaining cell shape, such as helical and vibrioid forms of bacteria, but the mechanism by which it does this is currently unclear. Additionally, curvature could be described by the displacement of crescentic filaments, after the disruption of peptidoglycan synthesis.
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The cylindrical assemblies possess internal helical order and self- organize into columnar liquid crystalline lattices. When inserted into vesicular membranes, the porous cylindrical assemblies mediate transport of protons across the membrane. Self-assembly of dendrons generates arrays of nanowires. Electron donor-acceptor complexes comprise the core of the cylindrical supramolecular assemblies, which further self-organize into two- dimensional columnar liquid crystaline lattices.
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During telophase, the proteins are located within the midbody in the intercellular bridge, where they are discarded after cytokinesis. INCENP is a regulatory protein in the chromosome passenger complex. It is involved in regulation of the catalytic protein Aurora B. It performs this function in association with two other proteins - Survivin and Borealin. These proteins form a tight three- helical bundle.
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The virus is uncoated, a process in which the helical viral proteins are removed. This exposes the viral genomic RNA to the cytoplasm. The RNA is then translated to produce a polyprotein, which is then processed by viral proteases into RNA dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins. These are both used to replicate the viral genome, which takes place in cytoplasmic viral factories.
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The part of the protein that is embedded in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer are alpha helical and composed of predominantly hydrophobic amino acids. The C terminal end of the protein is in the cytosol while the N terminal region is in the outside of the cell. A membrane that contains this particular protein is able to function in photosynthesis.
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Terbium has a simple ferromagnetic ordering at temperatures below 219 K. Above 219 K, it turns into a helical antiferromagnetic state in which all of the atomic moments in a particular basal plane layer are parallel, and oriented at a fixed angle to the moments of adjacent layers. This unusual antiferromagnetism transforms into a disordered paramagnetic state at 230 K.
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Members of the YidH Family are found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Members of this family include YidH of E. coli (TC# 9.B.51.1.1) which has 115 amino acyl residues and 3 TMSs of α-helical nature. The first TMS has a low level of hydrophobicity, the second has a moderate level of hydrophobicity, and the third has very hydrophobic character.
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Also, as it is the only member showing direct union with FANCD2 and gives the needed links between FA core complex and FANCD2. The structure of FANCE has an epitope on its surface that is found to be important for its binding with FANCD2. The existence of recurrent helical motif was not clear when analysis of amino acids were done.
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Glutathione S-transferases form homodimers, but in eukaryotes can also form heterodimers of the A1 and A2 or YC1 and YC2 subunits. The homodimeric enzymes display a conserved structural fold. Each monomer is composed of a distinct N-terminal sub-domain, which adopts the thioredoxin fold, and a C-terminal all-helical sub-domain. This entry is the C-terminal domain.
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Construction on the Albert Cotter Bridge commenced in 2014. It was opened in time for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. It was named after Albert "Tibby" Cotter, an Australian Test cricket player killed in World War I. It is a shared pedestrian and cycle pathway. The bridge features concrete helical approach ramps and a superstructure formed using two curved steel box beams.
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Antimicrobial peptide: Histones are conserved eukaryotic cationic proteins present in the cells and are involved in the antimicrobial activities. In vertebrates and invertebrates, Histone H2A variant is reported to be involved in host immune response by acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). H2A are α-helical molecule, amphipathic protein with hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues on opposing sides that enhances the antimicrobial activity of H2A.
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Newspaper photo of the accident on 30 November 1876 in Wädenswil The trial of the Wetli system was held on 30 November 1876. The ascent with locomotive 253 was promising. After the train arrived in Schindellegi, the helical wheel which engaged on the track sections disengaged due to irregularities. The brakes failed during the descent to Wädenswil without intervention by the rollers.
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The crystal structure of the yeast Hpt Ypd1 in complex with the response regulator Sln1. Ypd1 appears on the right with the conserved four-helical bundle in yellow and variable helices in red. Sln1 appears on the left with beta sheets in tan and helices in brown. The key residues - Asp from Sln1 and His from Ypd1 - are highlighted with green sticks.
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Propionispira raffinosivorans is a motile, non-spore forming, Gram-negative bacterium. Although, repeated subculturing has been able to cause a loss of motility in this organism. Its cell shape is a curved, helical rod which can be found alone, paired, or in groups. Cell size can range from a length of 1.0–2.3 µm and a width of 0.3–0.5 µm.
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The NhaB family (TC# 2.A.34) belongs to the Ion Transporter (IT) Superfamily. A representative list of proteins belonging to the NhaB family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. NhaB homologues are usually about 500 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and possess about 12 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs), although some members differ in their number of TMSs.
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A post-hole auger An auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, used for making holes in wood or in the ground. It usually includes a rotating helical screw blade called a 'flighting' to act as a screw conveyor to remove the drilled out material. The rotation of the blade causes the material to move out of the hole being drilled.
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250 Testa Rossa Tipo 128 V-12 Engine The 250 Testa Rossa engine was based on Colombo-designed 3.0L V12 used in 250 GT road and racing cars. Carlo Chiti and other Ferrari engineers made several modifications to increase the performance of this already proven engine. The starting point was a 1953-style cylinder block with an overall capacity of 2953 cc, a 73mm bore and 58.8 mm stroke. Six two-barrel Weber 38 DCN carburetors fed the engine, increased from the 3 carburetors typical for 250 GT engines. The cylinder heads used single overhead cams, 2 valves per cylinder and helical double-coil valve springs (a first for Ferrari). The helical valve springs were much smaller than previously used torsion springs, allowing the cylinder heads to be strengthened and secured with 24 studs rather than 18 in previous 250 engines.
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C5a interact with receptor protein C5aR (CD88) on the surface of target cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial cells. C5aR is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily of proteins, predicted to have seven transmembrane helical domains of largely hydrophobic amino acid residues, forming three intra- and three extra-cellular loops, with an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. C5a binding to the receptor is a two-stage process: an interaction between basic residues in the helical core of C5a and acidic residues in the extracellular N-terminal domain allows the C-terminus of C5a to bind to residues in the receptor transmembrane domains. The latter interaction leads to receptor activation, and the transduction of the ligand binding signal across the cell plasma membrane to the cytoplasmic G protein Gi type GNAI2.
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Both feature a ring of many small alpha-helical proteins that rotate relative to nearby stationary proteins, using a potential gradient as an energy source. This link is tenuous, however, as the overall structure of flagellar motors is far more complex than that of the FO particle and the ring with about 30 rotating proteins is far larger than the 10, 11, or 14 helical proteins in the FO complex. More recent structural data do however show that the ring and the stalk are structurally similar to the F1 particle. Conformation changes of ATP synthase during synthesis The modular evolution theory for the origin of ATP synthase suggests that two subunits with independent function, a DNA helicase with ATPase activity and a motor, were able to bind, and the rotation of the motor drove the ATPase activity of the helicase in reverse.
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The narwhal has a helical tusk on its upper left jaw. Odobenocetops, an extinct toothed whale, may have possessed similar asymmetrical dentition, though it differed from the narwhal in possessing two erupted, rear-facing tusks with the right significantly longer than the left. The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has a single nostril on its upper left head. The right nostril forms a phonic lip.
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Each copy contains one original strand and one newly-synthesized strand. The structure of DNA (as deciphered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953) suggested that each strand of the double helix would serve as a template for synthesis of a new strand. It was not known how newly synthesized strands combined with template strands to form two double helical DNA molecules.
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The cab is made of steel, has front-hinged doors, a split windscreen, and split A-pillars with narrow windows for improved visibility. Unlike the LO 2501, which only seats three, the Robur LO 1801 A seats four. The gearbox is a manual, five-speed, dog-leg gearbox with synchromesh and helical gearing in gears 2–5. First and reverse are straight cut gears without synchromesh.
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The Ray–Dutt twist is a mechanism proposed for the racemization of octahedral complexes containing three bidentate chelate rings. Such complexes typically adopt an octahedral molecular geometry in their ground states, in which case they possess helical chirality. The pathway entails formation of an intermediate of C2v point group symmetry. An alternative pathway that also does not break any metal-ligand bonds is called the Bailar twist.
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MreB is a bacterial protein believed to be analogous to eukaryal actin. MreB and actin have a weak primary structure match, but are very similar in terms of 3-D structure and filament polymerization. Almost all non-spherical bacteria rely on MreB to determine their shape. MreB assembles into a helical network of filamentous structures just under the cytoplasmic membrane, covering the whole length of the cell.
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These cylinders each have a helical spiral flange like the thread of a screw. On each matched pair of cylinders, one will have its flange running clockwise and the other counter-clockwise. The flange engages with the surface on which the vehicle rests. Ideally this should be slightly soft material such as snow, sand or mud so that the flange can get a good bite.
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Maddox, p. 205 The X-ray diffraction images collected by Gosling and Franklin provided the best evidence for the helical nature of DNA. Franklin's experimental work thus proved crucial in Watson and Crick's discovery. Her experimental results provided estimates of the water content of DNA crystals, and these results were most consistent with the three sugar-phosphate backbones being on the outside of the molecule.
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3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants to insects and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra. The rabies genome encodes five proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L).
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Staircase Inside the convent stands the extraordinary triple helical staircase of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the work also the architect Domingo de Andrade. It consists of three separate coils. Professor Rios Miramontes related it to that found in the Castle of Chambord, in France. In the same space extend three separate ramps that lead to different rooms, only one of them comes to the viewpoint.
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Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains (monomers), each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the COL3A1 gene. Type III collagen is one of the fibrillar collagens whose proteins have a long, inflexible, triple-helical domain.
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The main magnetic field in CTH is generated by a continuously wound helical coil. An auxiliary set of ten coils produces a toroidal field much like that of a tokamak. This toroidal field is used to vary the rotational transform of the confining magnetic field structure. CTH typically operates at a magnetic field of 0.5 to 0.6 tesla at the center of the plasma.
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The domain adopts an alpha-helical structure consisting of two four-helix bundles. Orange carotenoid-binding proteins (OCP) were first identified in cyanobacterial species, where they occur associated with phycobilisome in the cellular thylakoid membrane. These proteins function in photoprotection, and are essential for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In full-length OCP, the NPQ activity is regulated by photoactivation by strong blue-green light.
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Desmin is a 53.5 kD protein composed of 470 amino acids. There are three major domains to the desmin protein: a conserved alpha helix rod, a variable non alpha helix head, and a carboxy-terminal tail. Desmin, as all intermediate filaments, shows no polarity when assembled. The rod domain consists of 308 amino acids with parallel alpha helical coiled coil dimers and three linkers to disrupt it.
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An example of this, much used in filtering, is the helical resonator. An inductor consisting of a coil of wire, is self-resonant at a certain frequency due to the parasitic capacitance between its turns. This is often an unwanted effect that can cause parasitic oscillations in RF circuits. The self-resonance of inductors is used in a few circuits, such as the Tesla coil.
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Hy-Rib is a steel encasement stiffened by rigid ribs used in reinforced walls, ceilings, and floors. They are helical hooping units of steel sheathing forms used in concrete, stucco and plaster. Hy-Rib products are a derivative of the "wings" used in the patented Kahn System of reinforced concrete, invented by Julius Kahn in 1903. The products are made from a single plate of steel.
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The propeller was mounted directly on the camshaft, which was driven from the crankshaft via reduction gearing consisting of spur gears. The lower part of the crankcase served as an oil reservoir. A pressurized oil lubrication system was fed by a gear pump located on the lowest point of the crankcase. The oil pump was driven over a vertical shaft from the camshaft via helical gears.
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The dermal denticles of a alt=The dermal denticles of a lemon shark Unlike bony fish, sharks have a complex dermal corset made of flexible collagenous fibers and arranged as a helical network surrounding their body. This works as an outer skeleton, providing attachment for their swimming muscles and thus saving energy. Their dermal teeth give them hydrodynamic advantages as they reduce turbulence when swimming.
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The N-terminal region of Rev contains an arginine-rich sequence. The arginine-rich motif (ARM) is located between amino acids 38–49 of the rev gene and forms an alpha-helical secondary structure. The ARM is a highly specific sequence which allows for the multimerization of Rev proteins, prior to RNA binding. A single base substitution alters Rev’s ability to form a tetramer.
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A.6) and elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plants upon infection and pathogenicity in hosts. It contains several repetitive regions and exhibits two extended (20 residue) regions of moderate hydrophobicity that might serve as α-helical TMSs. The HrpZ cation channel is predicted to be largely of α-structure. HrpZ - a harpin - is a highly thermostable protein that exhibits multifunctional abilities, e.g.
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Stomoxyn is an insect antimicrobial peptide localised in the gut epithelium, which functions in killing a range of microorganisms, parasites and some viruses. In water, stomoxyn has a flexible random coil in structure, while in trifluoroethanol it adopts a stable helical structure. Structural similarities to the antimicrobial peptide cecropin A from Hyalophora cecropia suggest that it may function in a similar manner by disrupting the bacterial membrane.
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This gene encodes a protein that contains a cytosolic N-terminus, multiple helical transmembrane domains, and an endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention signal, TKGH, in the C-terminus. The encoded protein may be important in development and homeostasis of the inner ear and retina. Mutations within this gene have been associated with Usher syndrome type IIIa. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
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Chiral phases usually have a helical twisting of the molecules. If the pitch of this twist is on the order of the wavelength of visible light, then interesting optical interference effects can be observed. The chiral twisting that occurs in chiral LC phases also makes the system respond differently from right- and left-handed circularly polarized light. These materials can thus be used as polarization filters.
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Spiral bacteria, bacteria of spiral (helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the rod-shaped bacilli and round cocci. Spiral bacteria can be subclassified by the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility. The two types of spiral cells are spirillum and spirochete, with spirillum being rigid with external flagella, and spirochetes being flexible with internal flagella.
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Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 21: Witbank Line by Les Pivnic, Eugene Armer, Peter Stow and Peter Micenko. Caption 1. (Accessed on 4 May 2017) The load-bearing springs of the trailing bissel consisted of single helical springs of round section. Since the single spring would not stand up to the load, it was soon replaced by a double spring.
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This 14–3–3-like domain and a C-terminal helical hairpins domain with seven α-helices stacked perpendicular to the 14–3–3-like domain together form a monomeric tetratricopeptide region (TPR). Differences in the orientation and specific residues in the TPR between SMG6 and its homologs may account for why SMG6 does not form a complex with SMG5 and SMG7 when recruited by UPF1.
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The frame was of riveted construction, though welding was used later. The armour plate was then bolted to the frame; large bosses on the outside of the plate were used on the turret. The suspension was of the Christie type, with long helical springs (in tension) angled back to keep the hull sides low. Of the five road wheels each side, four had shock absorbers.
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A pullback motor (also pull back or pull-back) is a simple clockwork motor used in toy cars. A patent for them was granted to Bertrand 'Fred' Francis in 1952 as a keyless clockwork motor. Pulling the car backward (hence the name) winds up an internal spiral spring; a flat spiral rather than a helical coil spring. When released, the car is propelled forward by the spring.
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Point mutations may arise from spontaneous mutations that occur during DNA replication. The rate of mutation may be increased by mutagens. Mutagens can be physical, such as radiation from UV rays, X-rays or extreme heat, or chemical (molecules that misplace base pairs or disrupt the helical shape of DNA). Mutagens associated with cancers are often studied to learn about cancer and its prevention.
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Ry receptors are homotetrameric complexes with each subunit exhibiting a molecular size of over 500,000 daltons (about 5,000 amino acyl residues). They possess C-terminal domains with six putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). Putative pore-forming sequences occur between the fifth and sixth TMSs as suggested for members of the VIC family. Recently an 8 TMS topology with four hairpin loops has been suggested.
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Most ligaments are mostly made of highly aligned collagen fibres which do not permit stretching. Structurally, the nuchal ligament is formed with the association of both elastin proteins as well as type III collagen (45%). The collagen fibrils share a consistent size as well as helical pattern which gives the ligament its tensile strength. The elastin on the other hand is a protein that allows for flexibility.
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When the crank on the right is turned, the shaft moves horizontally through the hole. A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque (rotational force) to a linear force. It is one of the six classical simple machines. The most common form consists of a cylindrical shaft with helical grooves or ridges called threads around the outside.
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Alpha-synuclein forms an extended helical structure on small unilamellar vesicles. A preferential binding to small vesicles has been found. The binding of alpha-synuclein to lipid membranes has complex effects on the latter, altering the bilayer structure and leading to the formation of small vesicles. Alpha-synuclein has been shown to bend membranes of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and form tubules from large lipid vesicles.
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Classically, MSK is seen as hyperechoic papillae with clusters of small stones on ultrasound examination of the kidney or with an abdominal x-ray. The irregular (ectatic) collecting ducts are often seen in MSK, which are sometimes described as having a "paintbrush-like" appearance, are best seen on intravenous urography. However, IV urography has been largely replaced by contrast-enhanced, high-resolution helical CT with digital reconstruction.
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In an ischemic stroke, there is an obstruction within blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. The goal in treatment of such a stroke is to restore blood flow through these blood vessels. The MERCI retriever does so by allowing the removal of the blood clots causing the obstruction. The retriever consists of a long thin wire with a helical coil formed at the distal end.
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"Spreaders" allow multiple baited hooks or lures to be trolled from a single line. There are many inventive spreader designs, such as devices which cause the baited hooks or lures to move in helical patterns, in a sophisticated emulation of the schooling behaviour of a group of fish.Barnett OL Rotating fishing lure spreader for use while trolling Patent number 4920687, Issued 1 May 1990.
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For the following description, Nitrospira moscoviensis will be representative of the Nitrospira genus. Nitrospira is a gram-negative nitrite-oxidizing organism with a helical to vibroid morphology (0.9–2.2 × 0.2–0.4 micrometres in size). They are non-planktonic organisms that reside as clumps, known as aggregates, in biofilms. Visualization using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms star-like protrusions on the outer membrane (6-8 nm thick).
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Karl-Heinz Pahl received a European and a US patent for a spiral escalator in 1992.EP0415953, Spiral Escalator US Patent 5,158,167 (Pahl 1992) Drawing The Mitsubishi Electric Corporation was most successful in its development of spiral/helical escalators, and it alone has sold them since the mid-1980s. The world's first practical spiral escalator—a Mitsubishi model—was installed in Osaka, Japan, in 1985.
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The human thromboxane A (TXA) synthase is a 60 kDa protein with 533 amino acids and a heme prosthetic group. This enzyme, anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum, is found in platelets, monocytes, and several other cell types. The NH2 terminus contains two hydrophobic segments whose secondary structure is believed to be helical. Evidence suggests that the peptides serve as a membrane anchor for the enzyme.
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The C-terminal arm is an alpha helical region which embraces the central beta-barrel domain of the opposite subunit. In some cases a fourth domain is present at the C-terminus, which binds to DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. Both subunits of Ku have been experimentally knocked out in mice. These mice exhibit chromosomal instability, indicating that NHEJ is important for genome maintenance.
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The presence of nonlinear transition-shift (NLTS) distortion on NRZ recording at high density and/or high data-rate was recognized in 1979.R. Wood, R. Donaldson, "The Helical-Scan Magnetic Tape Recorder as a Digital Communication Channel", IEEE Trans. Mag. vol. MAG-15, no. 2, pp. 935-943, March 1979 The magnitude and sources of NLTS can be identified using the 'extracted dipulse' technique.
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The viral envelop composed of a lipid bilayer membrane in which the glycoprotein spikes are anchored encloses the nucleocapsids; nucleoproteins of different size classes with a loop at each end; the arrangement within the virion is uncertain. The ribonuclear proteins are filamentous and fall in the range of 50 to 130 nm long and 9 to 15 nm in diameter. They have a helical symmetry.
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The oil pump was driven over a vertical shaft from the camshaft via helical gears. Ignition was provided by a single Bosch type magneto sitting on the reduction gearing between the two cylinder rows and a single spark plug per cylinder. A dual barrel Zénith carburetor was fitted on the front of the engine case, with each barrel of the carburetor feeding one row of four cylinders.
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The mammalian penis is a hydrostatic organ. The hydrostatic fluid, in this case blood, fills the penis during an erection. Unlike the hydrostatic skeletons of many invertebrates, which use the bending of the animal for locomotion, the penis must resist bending and shape changes during sexual intercourse. Instead of connective fibers arranged in a helical shape, the penis contains a layer called the corpus cavernosum.
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While in typical hydrostatic skeletons, movement is generated by applying force to a fluid-filled cavity, muscular hydrostats generate movement by muscle contractions. When one muscle contracts and decreases in area, other muscles within the structure must expand in response. Helical muscles may be present, which can create torsion, an ability that is restricted in hydrostatic skeletons. Muscular hydrostats are found in mammalian, reptilian, and amphibian tongues.
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PrPC is a normal protein found on the membranes of cells. It has 209 amino acids (in humans), one disulfide bond, a molecular mass of 35–36 kDa and a mainly alpha-helical structure. Several topological forms exist; one cell surface form anchored via glycolipid and two transmembrane forms. The normal protein is not sedimentable; meaning that it cannot be separated by centrifuging techniques.
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Single fuel tube showing 'diving bell' gas vent and an entire assembly. The basic unit of the reactor core is the fuel assembly. Each assembly contains nearly 400 fuel tubes of 10 mm diameter with a 1 mm helical wire wrap filled to a height of 1.6 metres with fuel salt. The tubes have diving bell gas vents at the top to allow fission gasses to escape.
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Using two acceptor fluorophores rather than one, FRET can observe multiple sites for correlated movements and spatial changes in any complex molecule. This is shown in the research on the Holliday Junction. SmFRET with the three-color system offers insights on synchronized movements of junction's three helical sites and near non-existence of its parallel states. Ensemble FRET can use three-color system as well.
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The wing employs conventional ailerons or, optionally, Junkers ailerons with leading edge slats and is supported by V-struts with jury struts. The main landing gear is sprung 7075-T6 aluminium, while the nose gear has lever suspension using rubber pucks and helical springs. The main wheels include hydraulic disc brakes. The standard engine used is the Rotax 912UL powerplant, driving a three-bladed Ivoprop propeller.
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The wing is supported by V-struts and jury struts. The main landing gear is sprung 7075-T6 aluminium, while the nose gear has lever suspension using rubber pucks and helical springs. The main wheels include hydraulic disc brakes. The acceptable power range is and the standard engines used are the eight cylinder Jabiru 5100 and, since July 2010, the Lycoming IO-390-X powerplant.
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The CF05 submachine gun is a blowback-operated weapon chambered for the 9 × 19 mm cartridge. It fires from a closed bolt of a telescoped design, which wraps around the barrel. The weapon feeds ammunition from a 50-round helical magazine located at the top of the polymer receiver. It is fitted with a collapsible stock and the barrel is threaded to accept a suppressor.
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P62 appears to interact with mRNA during transport out of the nucleus. P62 also interacts with a nuclear transport factor (NTF2) protein that is involved in trafficking proteins between cytoplasm and nucleus. Another protein, importin (beta) binds to the helical rod section of p62, which also binds NTF2 suggesting the formation of a higher order gating complex. Karyopherin beta2 (transportin), a riboprotein transporter also interacts with p62.
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GLP1R is composed of two domains, one extracellular (ECD) that binds the C-terminal helix of GLP-1, and one transmembrane (TMD) domain that binds the N-terminal region of GLP-1. In the TMD domain there is a fulcrum of polar residues that regulates the biased signaling of the receptor while the transmembrane helical boundaries and extracellular surface are a trigger for biased agonism.
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The distance the table moves for every 360° rotation of the X-ray generator is called the increment or table feed for axial scan modes. For helical scan modes, it is called table speed. Setting an increment that is smaller than the slice thickness results in overlap between the slices. A beneficial effect of this is a smoother transition between images when scrolling through the stack.
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A diagram of a solid single-form thread cutting tool A solid multiple-form thread milling cutter. The path a multiple-form thread cutting tool travels to create an external thread. Threads may be milled with a rotating milling cutter if the correct helical toolpath can be arranged. This was formerly arranged mechanically, and it was suitable for mass-production work although uncommon in job-shop work.
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The Contaflex III, launched in 1956, was the same as the I, but equipped with a Zeiss Tessar 50mm f:2.8 with helical focusing. The front element of the lens was removable and could be replaced by supplementary lenses, discussed in the section Contaflex lenses. The Contaflex IV, introduced the same year, was the same camera with the uncoupled meter inherited from the Contaflex II.
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A volute spring. Under compression the coils slide over each other, so affording longer travel. A volute spring is a compression spring in the form of a cone (somewhat like a classical volute). Under compression, the coils slide past each other, thus enabling the spring to be compressed to a very short length in comparison with what would be possible with a more conventional helical spring.
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Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 33,000 to 500,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to . Viruses spread in many ways. Although many are very specific about which host species or tissue they attack, each species of virus relies on a particular method to copy itself.
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The rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 was the first viral enterotoxin discovered. It induces diarrhea and causes Ca2+-dependent transepithelial secretion. A transmembrane glycoprotein, NSP4 is organized into three main domains: a three-helical TM domain in the N-terminus (also a viroporin domain), a central cytoplasmic coiled-coil domain for multimerization, and an C-terminal flexible region. It can also be secreted out of the cell.
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The Calico M950 is a pistol manufactured by Calico Light Weapons Systems in the United States. Its main feature, along with all the other guns of the Calico system, is to feed from a proprietary helical magazine mounted on top, available in 50 or 100-rounds capacity. The factory sights enable reasonable accuracy to about 60 meters (197 feet), but 100 meters is a reasonable range. The .
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Scheme of the replication fork. a: template, b: leading strand, c: lagging strand, d: replication fork, e: primer, f: Okazaki fragments Many enzymes are involved in the DNA replication fork. The replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together in the helix.
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Gopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran, or G.N. Ramachandran, FRS (8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001) was an Indian physicist who was known for his work that led to his creation of the Ramachandran plot for understanding peptide structure. He was the first to propose a triple-helical model for the structure of collagen. He subsequently went on to make other major contributions in biology and physics.
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In the z-direction, porous tubules exist normal to the Bouligand planes that penetrate the exoskeleton. The function of these tubules is to transport ions and nutrients to the new exoskeleton during the molting process. The presence of these tubules, which have a helical structure, results in a ductile necking region during tension. An increased degree of ductility increases the toughness of the crab exoskeleton.
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Homopolymers of amino acids (such as polylysine) can adopt α-helical structure at low temperature that is "melted out" at high temperatures. This helix–coil transition was once thought to be analogous to protein denaturation. The statistical mechanics of this transition can be modeled using an elegant transfer matrix method, characterized by two parameters: the propensity to initiate a helix and the propensity to extend a helix.
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It was known as Harthill Service Area. The original 1978 pedestrian bridge across the motorway was replaced by a modern helical truss structure in 2008. The sections of the new bridge were fabricated off site and transported to site where they were assembled and lifted into place in one piece on 4 October 2008. The £5 million bridge opened to pedestrians and cyclists on 26 November 2008.
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Composition analysis of C9orf43 showed an above average frequency of Glutamine while all other amino acids were in the normal range for human proteins. DUF4647, a domain of unknown function, is present from amino acid 1-454. Globular domains are predicted from amino acid 193-361 and 375-461. C9orf43 secondary structure is predicted to be 36% alpha helical and 3% beta sheet with 73% disordered.
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Thus TMV can replicate its own genome. After the coat protein and RNA genome of TMV have been synthesized, they spontaneously assemble into complete TMV virions in a highly organized process. The protomers come together to form disks or 'lockwashers' composed of two layers of protomers arranged in a helix. The helical capsid grows by the addition of protomers to the end of the rod.
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There are as yet no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections. Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA viruses.
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Fibrils are composed of linear biopolymers, and are characterized by rod-like structures with high length-to-diameter ratios. Oftentimes, they spontaneously arrange into helical structures. In biomechanics problems, fibrils can be characterized as classical beams with a roughly circular cross-sectional area on the nanometer scale. As such, simple beam bending equations can be applied to calculate flexural strength of fibrils under ultra-low loading conditions.
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C-DNA also known as C form DNA. It is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. This form of DNA can be observed at some conditions such as relatively low humidity and the presence of certain ions, such as Li+ or Mg2+. Recent research suggests that both C-DNA and B-DNA consist of two distinct nucleotide conformations, B-I and B-II.
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The heme-containing chloroperoxidase (CPO) exhibits peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P450-like activities in addition to catalyzing halogenation reactions. Despite functional similarities with other heme enzymes, the structure of CPO is unique, which folds into a tertiary structure dominated by eight helical segments. The catalytic acid base, required to cleave the peroxide O-O bond, is glutamic acid rather than histidine as in horseradish peroxidase.
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It is also raptorial, approaching and pouncing on the prey item, especially when the item is a protist. O. marina can sense and respond to certain chemicals that are exuded by algal prey. The locomotion of the O. marina cell is helical due to the simultaneous movement of its two flagella. It mostly swims in a straight line, but it makes turns when it detects food.
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The assembly of the ESCRT-I complex is directed by the C-terminal steadiness box (SB) of VPS23, the N-terminal half of VPS28, and the C-terminal half of VPS37. The structure is primarily composed of three long, parallel helical hairpins, each corresponding to a different subunit. The additional domains and motifs extending beyond the core serve as gripping tools for ESCRT-I critical functions.
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This is the case in tornadoes and in drain whirlpools. A vortex with helical streamlines is said to be solenoidal. As long as the effects of viscosity and diffusion are negligible, the fluid in a moving vortex is carried along with it. In particular, the fluid in the core (and matter trapped by it) tends to remain in the core as the vortex moves about.
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The jet is precessing, causing the outflow to form a helical pattern out to . Lobes of expelled matter extend out to . In pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999, the motion of M87's jet was measured at four to six times the speed of light. This phenomenon, called superluminal motion, is an illusion caused by the relativistic velocity of the jet.
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At Caltech, the trio (Pauling, Corey and Branson) published a series of 8 articles in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The most revolutionary of the 8 articles in PNAS is the one written on February 28, 1951. That date was also Pauling's 50th birthday. It was called "The Structure of Proteins: Two Hydrogen-Bonded Helical Configurations of the Polypeptide Chain".
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It amounts to running a spark ignition engine at light or part load in a similar fashion to a diesel engine. HCCI requires the compression pressure to be very quickly and accurately altered so that the more-or-less controlled compression ignition doesn't suddenly blossom into full-blown detonation. One of the main strengths of the Helical Camshaft is that it can do exactly that.
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The types of cutters used for gear shaping can be grouped into four categories: disk, hub, shank, and helical cutters. The cutters are essentially gears that are used to form the teeth. This method of gear cutting is based on the principle that any two gears will mesh if they are of the same pitch, proper helix angle, and proper tooth depth and thickness.
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The usual form of rifling was helical grooves in a round bore. Some early rifled firearms had barrels with a twisted polygonal bore. The Whitworth rifle was the first such type designed to spin the round for accuracy. Bullets for these guns were made to match the shape of the bore so the bullet would grip the rifle bore and take a spin that way.
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The small size was achieved by making the tape essentially non-removable. A miniature "video cartridge" contained thirty minutes of Hi8 tape permanently loaded around a conventional helical scan record head. The head itself was part of the cartridge, negating the need for a loading mechanism. Although user-replaceable, the cartridge was intended to be a service part and not a form of removable media.
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The 3D structure of a monomeric ABC module adopts a stubby L-shape with two distinct arms. ArmI (mainly beta-strand) contains Walker A and Walker B. The important residues for ATP hydrolysis and/or binding are located in the P-loop. The ATP-binding pocket is located at the extremity of armI. The perpendicular armII contains mostly the alpha helical subdomain with the signature motif.
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The building is also noteworthy for its use of molded concrete decoration. Spiral colonnettes frame windows on the second floor, and tiles with a variety of patterns are found on the parapet level. The concrete window surrounds have a helical pattern. There is also a concrete plaque between the main floor shop windows with a caduceus, which refers to the building's original use as a drug store.
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Tektin filaments are 2 to 3 nm diameter with two alpha helical segments. They have the consensus amino acid sequence of RPNVELCRD. Different types of tektins, designated as A (53 kDa), B (51 kDa), C (47 kDa) form dimers, trimers and oligomers in various combinations and are also associated with tubulin in the microtubule. Tektins A and B form heteropolymeric protofilaments whereas tektin C forms homodimers.
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Within the cytoplasm, the newly synthesized protein is attached to a Golgi-like membranous vesicle called the Maurer's cleft. Inside the Maurer’s clefts is a family of proteins called Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) proteins. Of the PHIST proteins, PFI1780w and PFE1605w bind the intracellular ATS of PfEMP1 during transport to the RBC membrane. The PfEMP1 molecule is deposited at the RBC membrane at the knobs.
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3″ and read as three-line.Holt Bodinson: The old Three-Line: still a great value, Guns Magazine, Nov, 2006 The 7.62 mm designation refers to the internal diameter of the barrel at the lands (the raised helical ridges in rifled gun barrels). The actual bullet caliber is often , although Soviet weapons commonly use a bullet, as do older British (.303 British) and Japanese cartridges.
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The prefabricated cabs are also welded to the underframe and sides to form the box structure. Detachable roof panels with hinged covers provide access to components for maintenance and overhaul. The bogies were designed by English Electric. They are cast steel bolsterless with fully equalised primary suspension using helical coil springs on underslung beams and three-point secondary rubber cushion suspension to the body.
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They do not currently exist in a practical, usable form. A helical railgun was built at MIT in 1980 and was powered by several banks of, for the time, large capacitors (approximately 4 farads). It was about 3 meters long, consisting of 2 meters of accelerating coil and 1 meter of decelerating coil. It was able to launch a glider or projectile about 500 meters.
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In the liverworts, elaters are cells that develop in the sporophyte alongside the spores. They are complete cells, usually with helical thickenings at maturity that respond to moisture content. In most liverworts, the elaters are unattached, but in some leafy species (such as Frullania) a few elaters will remain attached to the inside of the sporangium (spore capsule). Spores and two elaters of the liverwort Ptilidium.
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Benzo[c]phenantrene, with four rings fused in a "C" shape, has a slight helical distortion due to repulsion between the closest pair of hydrogen atoms in the two extremal rings.F. H. Herbstein and G. M. J. Schmidt (1954): "The structure of overcrowded aromatic compounds. Part III. The crystal structure of 3:4-benzophenanthrene". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), volume 1954, issue 0, pages 3302-3313.
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The HTH motifs have mostly hydrophobic interactions with major grooves of the target DNA. Binding of TetR to its target DNA sequence causes changes in both the DNA and TetR. TetR causes widening of the major grooves as well as kinking of the DNA; one helix of the HTH motif of TetR adopts a 310 helical turn as the result of complex DNA interactions.
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AbgT is 510 amino acyl residues long and has 12-13 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). MtrF is 522 aas long and has 11 or 12 putative TMSs. The 3-d structures of MtrF and a YdaH homologue have been solved, and functional studies show that it is a drug exporter. The 3-d structure shows that it has 9 TMSs with hairpin entry loops.
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The virion particle consists of non-enveloped nucleocapsids that exhibit helical symmetry, forming thin, filamentous structures between 500–2100 nm long. The genomes are segmented and consist of four to six strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA and the N-protein. These viruses are transmitted by an arthropod vectors in the families Cicadellidae or Delphacidae. Tenuivirus genome is segmented and has an ambisense coding strategy.
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Unlike bony fish, the sharks have a complex dermal corset made of flexible collagenous fibres and arranged as a helical network surrounding their body. This works as an outer skeleton, providing attachment for their swimming muscles and thus saving energy. A similar arrangement of collagen fibres has been discovered in dolphins and squid. Their dermal teeth give them hydrodynamic advantages as they reduce turbulence while swimming.
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The crystal structure of the yeast histidine phosphotransfer protein Ypd1 in complex with the response regulator Sln1. Ypd1 appears on the right with the conserved four-helical bundle in yellow and variable helices in red. Sln1 appears on the left with beta sheets in tan and helices in brown. The key residues - Asp from Sln1 and His from Ypd1 - are highlighted with green sticks.
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Amino acid changes apparently responsible for the structural differences are also conserved between S. pombe and humans, suggesting that the S. pombe structure may be a good surrogate for that of the human enzyme. The predicted secondary structure of FAM193A examined through predictprotein.org showed that more than ¾ of the residues exposing more than 16% of their surface. This program also shows that FAM193A is approximately ½ alpha helical.
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West Caucasian bat lyssavirus (WCBL) is a bullet shaped negative sense single stranded RNA virus. WCBL is composed of an internal helical nucleocapsid and a lipid envelope derived from the host cell. The virus contains knobbed spikes that protrude from the membrane to aid in host membrane fusion. In addition, WCBL, along with other lyssaviruses, has a glycoprotein which is important in mediating viral entry.
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This series of pioneering works challenged the preconception that supramolecular polymers are only 1D dynamic aggregates with poor structural integrity. Aida also found that the supramolecular polymerization of chiral amphiphilic hexabenzocoronenes proceeds in a one-handed helical manner via the majority rule. This work was further extended to the development of a redox-active oligo(o-phenylene) helix and, together with Professor Minghua Liu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mirror-symmetry broken helical fibers consisting of an achiral component that serve as a chiral scaffold for transition metal- catalyzed asymmetric reactions. In 2014, Aida obtained a metal-organic nanotube by the supramolecular polymerization of a redox-active ferrocene- cored double-decker tetrapyridyl monomer and demonstrated that this nanotube, upon oxidation, can be cut into gigantic nanorings, which can then be pasted on a negatively charged mica substrate or assembled coaxially to recover the original nanotube upon reduction.
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The catalytic domain of PDE3 is characterized by a 44-amino acid insert, but this insert is unique to the PDE3 family, and is a factor when determining a structure for a potent and selective PDE3 inhibitor. The crystal structure of the catalytic domains of several PDEs, including PDE3B, have shown that they contain three helical subdomains: # N-terminal cyclin fold region # Linker region # C-terminal helical bundle At the interface of these domains a deep hydrophobic pocket is formed by residues that are highly conserved among all PDEs. This pocket is the active site and is composed of four subsites : # Metal binding site (M site) # Core pocket (Q pocket) # Hydrophobic pocket (H pocket) # Lid region (L region) The M site is at the bottom of the hydrophobic binding pocket and contains two divalent metal binding sites. The metal ions that can bind to these sites are either zinc or magnesium.
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GCDH is a tetramer with tetrahedral symmetry, which allows it to be seen as a dimer of dimers. Its structure is very similar to other ACDs but the overall polypeptide fold of the GCDH is made up of three domains: an alpha-helical bundle amino-terminal domain, a beta-sheet domain in the middle, and another alpha-helical domain at the carboxyl terminus. The flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is located at the junction between the middle beta-strand and the carboxyl terminal alpha-helix domain of one subunit and the carboxyl-terminal domain of the neighboring subunit. The most distinct difference between GCDH and other ACDs in terms of structure is the carboxyl and amino-terminal regions of the monomer and in the loop between beta-strands 4 and 5 because it is only made up of four residues, whereas other ACDs have much more.
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All of these developments are accessed via John Nike Way, which is privately owned by the Nike Group of Companies. Amen Corner Business Park - home to the UK Head Office of Hewlett-Packard To pay for these ventures, the Nike Group of Companies sold part of its land to Hewlett-Packard and the area now houses the UK Head Office for Hewlett-Packard at the Amen Corner Business Park, and the UK Head Offices for Dell, 3M and Fujitsu Technology Solutions. A further part of Amen Corner South is owned by the property company Helical Bar. In August 2014, the Nike Group of Companies was granted outline planning permission to develop the remaining part of its land (which was originally to house a garden centre), along with the land owned by Helical Bar, for 550 homes, a neighbourhood centre with shops and restaurants and a primary school.
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Structure of the Bi-metallic yen. In April 2019, it was announced by the Bank of Japan that a new version of the 500 yen coin is set to be issued in 2021. These coins have a bi-metallic three-layer structure which is already used for European coinage. One major difference are the edges of the coins, which use contour edging that utilize helical ridges with varied shaping.
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The rear axle was of the "banjo" type with a round or oblong (oval) shape. The teeth of the rear axle pinion were of the "Citroën chevron" type. An helical-cut, easier to produce, and more robust became available, as replacement parts, in 1928. Initially, the 700x80 beaded edge Michelin "Cablé" tyres were inflated at "high pressure", ( 4 to 5 bars), hence a mediocre road holding and comfort.
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Several of the proteins encoded by the BoDV-1 genome have been characterised. The G glycoprotein is important for viral entry into the host cell. It has been suggested that the p10, or X, protein plays a role in viral RNA synthesis or ribonucleoprotein transport. The P40 nucleoprotein from BoDV-1 is multi- helical in structure and can be divided into two subdomains, each of which has an alpha-bundle topology.
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Bailar twist mechanism The Bailar twist is a mechanism proposed for the racemization of octahedral complexes containing three bidentate chelate rings. Such complexes typically adopt an octahedral molecular geometry, in which case they possess helical chirality."Bailar Twist" in Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2006. One pathway by which these compounds can racemize is via the formation of a trigonal prismatic intermediate with D3h point group symmetry.
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The KX Blood-group Antigen (KXA) Family (TC# 2.A.112) consists of transport proteins that are part of the TOG superfamily. The KX gene codes for a novel protein with characteristics of membrane transporters that has been proposed to be a Na+ -dependent neutral amine and/or oligopeptide transporter. It is predicted to be 444 amino acyl residues in length and exhibits 10 putative transmembrane α-helical segments.
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Bostrychoceras is a genus of heteromorph ammonite from the family Nostoceratidae. Fossils have been found in Late Cretaceous sediments in Europe and North America. The shell of Bostrychoceras begins as a tightly wound helical spire, like that of Nostoceras, from which hangs a U or J shaped body chamber, at least in the adult. The shell is covered with dense, strong, but un-flaired, ribs that are commonly sinuous and oblique.
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The transmembrane helical tetramer of the influenza A virus M2 protein, which functions as a proton channel, in complex with the channel-blocking drug amantadine (shown in red). Highly conserved tryptophan and histidine residues known to play key roles in mediating proton transport are shown as sticks. From . Viroporins are small and usually hydrophobic multifunctional viral proteins that modify cellular membranes, thereby facilitating virus release from infected cells.
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When she left King's College, Director Sir John Randall insisted that all DNA work belonged exclusively to King's and ordered Franklin to not even think about it.Maddox, p. 312, Franklin subsequently did superb work in J. D. Bernal's Lab at Birkbeck College with the tobacco mosaic virus extending ideas on helical construction. Crick was often described as very talkative, with Watson – in The Double Helix – implying lack of modesty.
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The thoracic segments of C. teleta also contain helical muscles that are proposed to generate additional force for burrowing. Capitellids are commonly thought of as opportunistic in nature, due to their ability to inhabit and flourish in organically enriched marine sediments. This organism is commonly found in sediments along the east and west coasts of North America. Additional reports have placed this group in the Mediterranean region as well as Japan.
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In the production process, elemental boron is deposited on an even tungsten wire substrate which produces diameters of 4.0 mil (102 micron) and 5.6 mil (142 micron). It consists of a fully borided tungsten core with amorphous boron. Boron fibers and sub- millimeter sized crystalline boron springs are produced by laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Translation of the focused laser beam allows to produce even complex helical structures.
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The FLTSATCOM satellites had a 5.3 meter wire mesh parabolic transmit antenna with a 2-meter solid center section. The receive antenna was a helical coil mounted on a deployed boom off to one side. They were triaxial stabilized satellites, utilizing a reaction control wheel instead of spin stabilization. The satellites produced 1.1 kW DC, using 2 three-section solar panels mounted on booms extending from the satellite.
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Pentacentron sternhartae fruiting spikes range between in length with the fruits arranged long the axis in a helical pattern. Each capsule is sessile on the thin raceme. The caspsular heads consist of five fruiting chambers, arranged pentagonally around the midline of the wide head. Growing from the middle area of each chamber is an apically and inwardly curving persistent style, each with an elliptical nectary bulge at its base.
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A larger surface area allows more cycles, improving separation. Spinning band distillation takes this concept one step further by using a spinning helical band made of an inert material such as metal or Teflon to push the rising vapors and descending condensate to the sides of the column, coming into close contact with each other. This speeds up equilibration and provides for a greater number of condensation-vaporization cycles.
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Their method consisted of a rapidly rotating glass cylinder which, after being coated with lamp black, was placed next to the stretched rubber sample. Styli, attached to the mid-point and free end of the rubber sample, were held in contact with the glass cylinder. Then, as the free end of the rubber snapped back, the styli traced out helical paths in the lamp black coating of the rotating cylinder.
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The helical-shaped rollers made from flat spring steel were more flexible than solid-cylinder rollers, did not heat up and lock due to friction, and lasted longer. Later Hyatt introduced refinements, with the bearings assembled within a closed cage. Seeing broad potential for the invention, he founded the Hyatt Roller Bearing Company in 1892. The company was originally based in Newark, New Jersey, but soon moved to Harrison, New Jersey.
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One arrangement is called stable, and the other unstable. In a stable arrangement, the helical gear faces are oriented so that each axial force is directed toward the center of the gear. In an unstable arrangement, both axial forces are directed away from the center of the gear. In either arrangement, the total (or net) axial force on each gear is zero when the gears are aligned correctly.
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The glow plugs used in model engines are significantly different from those used in full-size diesel engines. In full- size engines, the glow plug is used only for starting. In model engines, the glow plug is an integral part of the ignition system because of the catalytic effect of the platinum wire. The glow plug is a durable, mostly platinum, helical wire filament recessed into the plug's tip.
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In molecular biology, the ASF1 like histone chaperone family of proteins includes the yeast and human ASF1 proteins. These proteins are of the chaperone protein group and in particular can be placed into the histone chaperone subgroup. ASF1 participates in both the replication-dependent and replication-independent pathways. The three-dimensional structure has been determined as a compact immunoglobulin-like beta sandwich fold topped by three helical linkers.
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The plaza is at the elevated level of Michigan Avenue, and would be paved in granite, with trees and a large reflecting pond. Underneath the building and plaza were to be commercial spaces and parking, as well as an existing single-track railroad line leading to Navy Pier. Along the river edge, Graham designed a curvilinear promenade for a riverfront restaurant with a helical staircase down from the plaza above.
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However John's figure could be interpreted as being Dante's Satan due to the similarity between the multiple pairs of wings and heads. The helical staircase leading from the dead figure's resting place signifies rebirth and improvement until it reaches the highest point in heaven. The palace above the clouds is the representation John chooses to take of this concept. The album artwork is representative of the musical content of the album.
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Coil spring wire insert Twisted tape Tube Insert Longitudinal fins Helical ribs There are several available options for enhancing heat transfer. The enhancement can be achieved by increasing the surface area for convection or/and increasing the convection coefficient. For example, the surface roughness can be used to increase {h} in order to enhance turbulence. This can be achieved through machining or other kinds of insertions like coil-spring wire.
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The insert provides a helical roughness in contact with the surface. The convection coefficient may also be increased by an insert of a twisted tape that consists in a periodical twist through 360 degrees. Tangential inserts optimize the velocity of the flow near the tube wall, while providing a bigger heat transfer area. While, increased area and convection coefficient can be achieved by applying spiral fin or ribs inserts.
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Bicorannulenyl is the product of dehydrogenative coupling of corannulene. With the formula C20H9-C20H9, it consists of two corannulene units connected through a single C-C bond. The molecule's stereochemistry consists of two chiral elements: the asymmetry of a singly substituted corannulenyl, and the helical twist about the central bond. In the neutral state, bicorannulenyl exists as 12 conformers, which intercovert through multiple bowl-inversions and bond-rotations.
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A short digestive tract, two narrow respiratory trees, and a small circulatory system running parallel to the intestines is also present. When in motion, the lateral protuberances play a role in walking. When disturbed, T. rubralineata bends its body in a helical fashion, arranging its mouth close to the anus, and assumes this position for up to 10 minutes or longer, then moves again. Lifespan for this species is currently unknown.
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A detailed study of a simple model of the physics of tendril perversion was made by MacMillen and Goriely in the early 2000s. Liu et al. showed in 2014 that "the transition from a helical to a hemihelical shape, as well as the number of perversions, depends on the height to width ratio of the strip's cross- section." Generalized tendril perversions were put forward by Silva et al.
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The number of misfolded protein molecules will increase exponentially and the process leads to a large quantity of insoluble protein in affected cells. This mass of misfolded proteins disrupts neuronal cell function and causes cell death. Mutations in the gene for the prion protein can cause a misfolding of the dominantly alpha helical regions into beta pleated sheets. This change in conformation disables the ability of the protein to undergo digestion.
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The bacterial flagellum is made up of the protein flagellin. Its shape is a 20-nanometer- thick hollow tube. It is helical and has a sharp bend just outside the outer membrane; this "hook" allows the axis of the helix to point directly away from the cell. A shaft runs between the hook and the basal body, passing through protein rings in the cell's membrane that act as bearings.
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Stripwound hoses are created by helically winding cold-rolled, profiled metal strip onto a mandrel where the helical coils are interconnected but remain movable due to the type of profiling. This principle of a movable connection between the profiled coils leads to the high flexibility and movability of metal stripwound hoses. Most strips are made of galvanized steel, stainless steel or brass, which can optionally be chromium- or nickel-plated.
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Up through the 19th century it became clear that the library's premises in the Trinitatis Complex were outdated. They had become too small and the unusual access along the Round Tower's helical corridor was also impractical. In 1856, the university held an architectural competition for the design of a new library on a site in Fiolstræde, just behind the university's main building. The competition was won by Johan Daniel Herholdt.
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The 5′ UTR has a ribosome binding site or internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that initiates the translation of a very long protein containing about 3,000 amino acids. The core domain of the HCV IRES contains a four-way helical Holliday junction that is integrated within a predicted pseudoknot. The conformation of this core domain constrains the open reading frame's orientation for positioning on the 40S ribosomal subunit.
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A 4D clifford torus, stereographically projected into 3D, looks like a torus. A double rotation can be seen as a helical path. In 4D, a double rotation symmetry can be generated as the composite of two orthogonal rotations.Charles Howard Hinton (1906) The Fourth Dimension (Google eBook) S. Sonnenschein & Company p.223 It is similar to 3D screw axis which is the composite of a rotation and an orthogonal translation.
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At the megabase scale, the plectonemic loops coalesce into six spatially organized domains (macrodomains), which are defined by more frequent physical interactions among DNA sites within the same macrodomain than between different macrodomains. Long- and short-range DNA-DNA connections formed within and between the macrodomains contribute to condensation and functional organization. Finally, the nucleoid is a helical ellipsoid with regions of highly condensed DNA at the longitudinal axis.
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They can do so either by changing the helical pitch of DNA or generating toroidal writhes by DNA bending and wrapping. Alternatively, NAPs can preferentially bind to and stabilize other forms of the underwound DNA such as cruciform structures and branched plectonemes. Fis has been reported to organize branched plectonemes through its binding to cross-over regions and HU preferentially binds to cruciform structures. NAPs also regulate DNA supercoiling indirectly.
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The massive base is covered with reliefs of trophies of Dacian weapons and includes several illustrations of the two-handed falx. The column itself has a helical frieze that tells the story of the Dacian wars. On the frieze, almost all the Dacians that are armed have shields and therefore cannot be using two- handed falx. The exact weapon of those few shown without shields cannot be determined with certainty.
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Gashing is a machining process used to rough out coarse pitched gears and sprockets. It is commonly used on worm wheels before hobbing, but also used on internal and external spur gears, bevel gears, helical gears, and gear racks. The process is performed on gashers or universal milling machines, especially in the case of worm wheels. After gashing the gear or sprocket is finished via hobbing, shaping, or shaving..
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To keep the fibers as straight as possible, most high-performance optical cables use a form of armour that resists tight bending. This is normally a helical winding, similar to BX cable, or a series of straight fibers running parallel to the core. Since the armour is fairly large, the cables normally carry a number of fibers inside. The resulting armoured bundle is then surrounded in an environmental cladding, typically plastic.
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Four-helix bundles typically consist of four helices packed in a coiled-coil arrangement with a sterically close-packed hydrophobic core in the center. Pairs of adjacent helices are often additionally stabilized by salt bridges between charged amino acids. The helix axes typically are oriented about 20 degrees from their neighboring helices, a much shallower incline than in the larger helical structure of the globin fold.Branden C, Tooze J. (1999).
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Drill-operable hand winches permit the handle to be removed so that an electric drill may operate the hoist. Drum hoists and head blocks ready to be installed at a theater. ;Drum hoist Drum hoists are typically composed of an electric brake motor and a multi-line helically-grooved drum. Helical drums are preferable to smooth drums for cable longevity and the precise and repeatable control of travel.
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This helical pattern also gave rise to a sideways force, particularly on tarmac. As all tyres had the same 'hand', this force increased across the two sides of the vehicle. To counteract this force, the central stop-rib was added. The stop-rib was only partly successful though; snowy conditions led the Swiss Post Office to use left- and right-handed tyres to balance the force across the vehicle.
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Firstly, as proteins are coded for by specific genes, the genes encoding for the protein of interest are synthesized into a plasmid - a closed loop of double helical genetic information. This plasmid, called the recombinant DNA, is then inserted into a bacterial specimen using genetic transformation. For this to happen, the bacteria needs to be competent (i.e. able to intake foreign, extracellular DNA) and able to horizontally transfer genes (i.e.
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After loosening twelve nuts, the units mounted on the rack could be lifted out. Particularly striking was the fine ribbing of the cooling fins on the sump and the oversized cylinder head housing the double camshaft drive. The transversely mounted cassette transmission was driven by the engine through helical gears. It was connected to the shaft drive to the rear wheel via a spiral bevel gear angle drive.
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Porins B and C are cell wall channel-forming proteins from Corynebacterium. Porin B from Corynebacterium glutamicum (Brevibacterium flavum) allows the exchange of material across the mycolic acid layer, which is the protective nonpolar barrier. Porin B has an alpha helical core structure consisting of four alpha-helices surrounding a nonpolar interior. There is a disulfide bridge between helices 1 and 4 to form a stable covalently bound ring.
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The protein was found to undergo phosphorylation in the host cell. The M1 protein forms a layer under the patches of host cell membrane that are rich with the viral hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and M2 transmembrane proteins, and facilitates budding of the mature viruses. M1 consists of two domains connected by a linker sequence. The N-terminal domain has a multi-helical structure that can be divided into two subdomains.
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June M. Lindsey (née Broomhead) (born June 7, 1922) is a British-Canadian physicist. Whilst working on X-ray crystallography at the University of Cambridge, Lindsey was influential in the elucidation of the structure DNA. She solved the structures of the purines, adenine and guanine. Her depiction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in adenine crystals was central to Watson and Crick's elucidation of the double helical structure of DNA.
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Chaperonins are divided into two groups. Group 1 chaperonins are commonly found in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Group 2 chaperonins are found in both the cytosol of eukaryotic cells as well as in archaea. Group 2 chaperonins also contain an additional helical component which acts as a lid for the cylindrical protein chamber, unlike Group 1 which instead relies on an extra cochaperone to act as a lid.
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The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi; for this reason it is sometimes called the Marconi antenna. Common types of monopole antenna are the whip, rubber ducky, helical, random wire, umbrella, inverted-L and T-antenna, inverted-F, mast radiator, and ground plane antennas. The load impedance of the quarter-wave monopole is half that of the dipole antenna or 37.5+j21.25 ohms.
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The intrinsic viscosity is very sensitive to the axial ratio of spheroids, especially of prolate spheroids. For example, the intrinsic viscosity can provide rough estimates of the number of subunits in a protein fiber composed of a helical array of proteins such as tubulin. More generally, intrinsic viscosity can be used to assay quaternary structure. In polymer chemistry intrinsic viscosity is related to molar mass through the Mark–Houwink equation.
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This is one of the main advantages of vertical-axis turbines. If the direction of the water flow is fixed, then the Gorlov turbine axis could be vertical or horizontal, the only requirement is orthogonality to the flow.Gorlov A.M., Development of the helical reaction hydraulic turbine. Final Technical Report, The US Department of Energy, August 1998, The Department of Energy's (DOE) Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information.
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Helicoidal electrodes are placed cirumjacent to the nerve and are made of flexible platinum ribbon in a helical design. This design allows the electrode to conform to the size and shape of the nerve in attempts to minimize mechanical trauma. The structural design causes low selectivity. Helicoidal electrodes are currently used for FES stimulation of the vagus nerve to control intractable epilepsy, sleep apnea, and to treat depressive syndromes.
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The turbine consists of three vertical airfoil blades, each having a helical twist of 120 degrees. This feature spreads the torque evenly over the entire revolution, thus preventing the destructive pulsations of the straight-bladed giromill (Darrieus turbine). The wind pushes each blade around on both the windward and leeward sides of the turbine. The qr5 turbine, rated for 6 kW, measures 3.0m in diameter by 5m high.
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Helix Angle In mechanical engineering, a helix angle is the angle between any helix and an axial line on its right, circular cylinder or cone. Common applications are screws, helical gears, and worm gears. The helix angle references the axis of the cylinder, distinguishing it from the lead angle, which references a line perpendicular to the axis. Naturally, the helix angle is the geometric complement of the lead angle.
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The MRT is a T-shaped array consisting of a 2048m-long East-West arm with 1024 fixed helical antennas arranged in 32 groups and an 880m-long North-South arm of with 15 movable trolleys, each containing four antennas. There is a single trolley in the North arm. The North-South arm is built along the old Port Louis to Flacq railway line which closed in 1964.
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Two wings are available, the SuperSTOL, with double slotted flaps and the Express. The main landing gear is sprung 7075-T6 aluminium, while the nose gear has lever suspension using rubber pucks and helical springs. The main wheels include hydraulic disc brakes. The acceptable power range is and the standard engines used are the Rotax 912ULS and the turbocharged Rotax 914 powerplant, driving a three-bladed Ivoprop propeller.
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8-car Bristol Pullman set arriving at Bristol Temple Meads on 5 May 1973 (the final day of operation). The sets had a maximum speed of . The fixed couplings reduced much of the jerky movement experienced by conventionally buffered carriages and allowed smooth acceleration and stable running. The bogies had hydraulically damped helical springs, and the axles were pneumatically braked in a two-stage system, allowing highly controlled stopping.
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In eukaryotes and archaea, eight helical elements fold into the Alu and S domains, separated by a long linker region. The Alu domain is thought to mediate the peptide chain elongation retardation function of the SRP. The universally conserved helix which interacts with the SRP54 M domain mediates signal sequence recognition. The SRP19-helix 6 complex is thought to be involved in SRP assembly and stabilises helix 8 for SRP54.
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As a result, skyrmions have potential application in ultrahigh-density magnetic storage devices. The helical, conical and skyrmion structures are not unique to FeGe; they are also found in MnSi, MnGe and similar compounds, but contrary to those materials, the observation of magnetic ordering patterns in FeGe does not require cryogenic cooling. The disadvantage of FeGe over MnSi is its polymorphism, which hinders the growth of large homogeneous crystals.
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The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen- fixing Azotobacter. The Deltaproteobacteria include bacteria that are predators on other bacteria and are important contributors to the anaerobic side of the sulfur cycle. The type order is the Myxococcales, which includes organisms with self-organising abilities such as Myxococcus spp. The Epsilonproteobacteria are often slender, Gram-negative rods that are helical or curved.
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'Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It has a wide spectrum of cytolytic activity. It is among other toxins produced by S. aureus and is part of the phenol-soluble modulin peptide family. Its alpha-helical, amphipathic structure gives it detergent-like properties, allowing it to disrupt and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell non-specifically, without a receptor, and integrate into the membrane.
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Dry food processing is popular in the pet food industry, as it is an efficient way to supply continuous production of feed in many varieties. It is energy efficient, allows for large amounts of feed to be used, and is cost effective. To make dog kibble, a process known as extrusion is done. A simple extruder consists of a barrel, helical screws, and a die (tool to cut and shape food).
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The MerC protein encoded on the IncJ plasmid pMERPH of the Shewanella putrefaciens mercuric resistance operon is 137 amino acids in length and possesses four putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). It has been shown to bind and take up Hg2+ ions. merC genes are encoded on several plasmids of gram-negative bacteria and may also be chromosomally encoded. MerC proteins are homologous to other bacterial Hg2+ bacterial transporters.
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The immunomodulatory drugs teriflunomide and leflunomide have been shown to inhibit DHODH. Human DHODH has two domains: an alpha/beta-barrel domain containing the active site and an alpha-helical domain that forms the opening of a tunnel leading to the active site. Leflunomide has been shown to bind in this tunnel. Leflunomide is being used for treatment of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, as well as multiple sclerosis.
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Dinoflagellate luciferase is a multi-domain protein, consisting of an N-terminal domain, and three catalytic domains, each of which preceded by a helical bundle domain. The structure of the dinoflagellate luciferase catalytic domain has been solved. The core part of the domain is a 10 stranded beta barrel that is structurally similar to lipocalins and FABP. The N-terminal domain is conserved between dinoflagellate luciferase and luciferin binding proteins (LBPs).
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Reconstruction of the column, after Cornelius Gurlitt, 1912. The depiction of a helical narrative frieze around the column, after the fashion of Trajan's Column, is erroneous. The Column of Justinian was a Roman triumphal column erected in Constantinople by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in honour of his victories in 543.Brian Croke, "Justinian's Constantinople", in: Michael Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge 2005), pp.
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The advent of military contracts the following year brought relief. The 1941 Hudsons retained the front end styling of the 1940 models but the bodies were new with 5.5 inches added to their length giving more legroom. A new manual 3-speed syncromesh transmission was quieter with all helical gears. Wheelbases increased by 3 inches, with offerings of 116, 121 and 128 inches, and height was decreased with flatter roofs.
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B. andersonii stains as G- due to the peptidoglycan in the triple-layered outer membrane. Its metabolism is chemoorganotrophic. The organism exists in microaerophilic environments. B. andersonii is a motile and flexible helical shaped spiral bacteria that possess a triple-layered outer envelope. Between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer there is a single sheathed flagella in the 1-2-1 configuration, as well as a protoplasmic cylinder.
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NBPF19 is expected to undergo many post-translational modifications, most notably phosphorylation and sumoylation. The protein is extensively phosphorylated on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues in a repetitive pattern seen in the figure to the left. There are 14 predicted repeats within the protein sequence likely to be sites of sumoylation. The tertiary structure of NBPF19 is predicted to be roughly 50% coiled-coil and 40% alpha helical.
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Topoisomerases (or DNA topoisomerases) are enzymes that participate in the overwinding or underwinding of DNA. The winding problem of DNA arises due to the intertwined nature of its double-helical structure. During DNA replication and transcription, DNA becomes overwound ahead of a replication fork. If left unabated, this torsion would eventually stop the ability of DNA or RNA polymerases involved in these processes to continue down the DNA strand.
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2.4 GHz helical antenna radiation pattern (NEC simulation). The Numerical Electromagnetics Code, or NEC, is a popular antenna modeling system for wire and surface antennas. It was originally written in FORTRAN in the 1970s by Gerald Burke and Andrew Poggio of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The code was made publicly available for general use and has subsequently been distributed for many computer platforms from mainframes to PCs.
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These fibers twisted around the torus of the ring as they progressed around its radius, forming a Slinky-like helix. Circuit completion demanded that each helical plasmoid fiber twisted around the ring an integer number of times as it proceeded around the ring. This requirement was thought to account for "quantum" values of angular momentum and radiation. Chirality demanded the number of fibers to be odd, probably three, like a rope.
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The narwhal or narwhale (Monodon monoceros) is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year- round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the family Monodontidae, along with the beluga whale. The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine.
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The wheelsets are sprung with a pair of helical springs and dampened by a pair of parallel shock absorbers. The gear ratio is 78:15. The main chassis is of welded construction using I-beam main stringers; the central part of the frame houses the fuel tank and main air reservoir. The bogies are mounted to the chassis by means of slanted posts providing secondary transverse and vertical suspension.
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Barrel roll attack The counter to a break is often a displacement roll called a barrel roll attack. A barrel roll consists of performing a roll and a loop, completing both at the same time. The result is a helical roll around a straight flight path. The barrel roll attack uses a much tighter loop than the roll, completing a full loop while only executing 3/4 of a roll.
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Helical winding The wires are placed helically in every layer. Owing to the direction of movement from layer to layer changing between right- hand and left-hand, the wires cross and locate themselves within the gap of the layer underneath. A wire guiding of the lower layer is not existent. If the number of layers exceeds a certain limit the structured cannot be maintained and a wild winding is created.
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However, only limited types of microalgae can be grown in open ponds. Other disadvantages include large area required, low efficiency of light utilization, poor gas/liquid transfer, no temperature control, high risk of contamination, and low final density of culture. Flat-plates are a closed system such as helical-tubular photobioreactor. They have a flat surface screen made of glass or optical light film for the even reception of light.
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Through this period, a number of new potential stellarator designs emerged, which featured a simplified magnetic layout. The Model C used separate confinement and helical coils, as this was an evolutionary process from the original design which had only the confinement coils. Other researchers, notably in Germany, noted that the same overall magnetic field configuration could be achieved with a much simpler arrangement. This led to the torastron or heliotron layout.
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These proteins are predicted to have 12 alpha-helical transmembrane regions, some of the animal proteins may have an additional C-terminal helix. The X-ray structure of the NorM was determined to 3.65 Å, revealing an outward-facing conformation with two portals open to the outer leaflet of the membrane and a unique topology of the predicted 12 transmembrane helices distinct from any other known multidrug resistance transporter.
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Each of the subunits has six hydrophobic alpha helical domains that insert into the cell membrane. A loop between the fifth and sixth transmembrane domains forms the potassium ion selectivity filter. SK channels may assemble as homotetrameric channels or as heterotetrameric channels, consisting of more than one SK channel subtype. In addition, SK potassium channels are tightly associated with the protein calmodulin, which accounts for the calcium sensitivity of these channels.
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Helical extrusion technology is applied in the plastic pipe industry. Basically the production process is a direct extrusion. During the pipe production several different materials - depending on the desired final pipe - are mixed in the extrusion unit according to a special formula depending. The production machine is fed with granule material (PE or PP for structured wall gravity pipes and PE, glass fiber and bonding agent for pressure pipes).
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Saposins are highly conserved glycoproteins, approximately 80 amino acid residues long and forming a four alpha helical structure. They have a nearly identical placement of cysteine residues and glycosylation sites. The cDNA sequence that codes for saposin is called prosaposin. It is a precursor for four cleavage products, the saposins A, B, C, and D. The four saposin domains most likely arose from two tandem duplications of an ancestral gene.
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