189 Sentences With "have a preference for"

"We still have a preference for U.K. stocks, " he suggested.

"I have a preference for tall men," Dr. Shively said.

I don't have a preference for a high- or low-budget movie.

Do you have a preference for accents or the way a girl talks?

Greta, do you have a preference for writing and director solo versus collaborating?

If you ... stage, movies, TV: Do you have a preference for any of them?

Do you have a preference for which you hope to become the eventual party nominee?

Private, religiously affiliated employers currently have an exemption under Title VII that allows them to have a preference for hiring "coreligionists"—so a Jewish organization could have a hiring preference for Jewish people or a Catholic organization could have a preference for Catholic people.

Sacca doesn't seem to have a preference for whom he hopes to see run as the Democrats' nominee.

And now to build affordable housing and not have a preference for Detroiters... I think that's just wrong.

The study notes that individuals who tend to show greater levels of entrepreneurship also have a preference for perceiving.

"They may have a preference for where they want rates to be, but ultimately they will still make that allocation."

However, its mentality seems to be in line with today's consumers, who seem to have a preference for more natural, real beauty.

That is, when choosing best song, does the academy have a preference for fan favorites, or a bias against certain film genres?

He says changing positions all the time helps keeps him on his toes, and he doesn't have a preference for class, either.

In the process of seeking asylum, applicants can have a preference for country of resettlement, but countries decide whether to accept an applicant.

I'm sure you have a preference for the kind of answer you like to hear to your question of how content they are.

Typically, Asia-Pacific grades are sold to refineries in Southeast Asia and Australia or New Zealand that have a preference for low-sulfur oil.

GOP voters with no high school education have a preference for Trump over Cruz, while post-graduates are dividing their preferences among all candidates.

That's because more Chinese consumers now have a preference for buying imported goods, Richard Liu, founder and CEO of JD.com, told CNBC's Eunice Yoon.

Reliance and Hyundai Oilbank also have a preference for heavier grades that contain more residue which can be upgraded into more lucrative fuels, they said.

The remaining third of the entire group were calculated to have a preference for mastectomy with reconstruction, and 88 percent of these women had those surgeries.

Wagner said Fischman used to have a preference for working overnight shifts that started after most of his co-workers had gone home for the night.

While Americans seem to have a preference for "outsider" politicians, it takes more than that to be successful, Murphy, a Democratic consultant, said Friday on Hill.

Generally, drivers are just happy to get a tip, Mr. Helling said, and many don't have a preference for cash versus tipping directly in the app.

"There is an opportunity cost by staying in the checking account, and we have a preference for providers that don't have an investment threshold," Acheson said.

The tests cater largely to clients from mainland China where couples have a preference for sons, and where prenatal gender tests are illegal but abortions are not.

While it's perfectly normal to have a preference for sleeping certain positions, these habits and routines can also be a hindrance when it comes to nodding off.

When you get to hundreds of people what tends to happens is that some person or some team tends to have a preference for a specific tool.

We are working the dates, al-Mazroui told reporters later on the sidelines of the forum, emphasizing that he did not have a preference for June or July.

For this reason, NASA says that astronauts tend to have a preference for spiced food, there are plenty of condiments on the ISS, all come in liquid form.

Open Book The Pew Research Center recently released a survey showing that Americans still have a preference for reading old-fashioned paper-based, spine-having, space-occupying books.

"We are working the dates," al-Mazroui told reporters later on the sidelines of the forum, emphasizing that he did not have a preference for June or July.

Industry tracker Preqin says about 17 percent of private equity firms are investing in oil and gas globally and about two-thirds of them have a preference for Asia.

We have a preference for investment and operational oversight at early stages of access and exploration, as this affords us maximum flexibility to adjust to changes including market conditions.

"I have not seen that and again, why would they have a preference for President Trump, who is rebuilding the military" and providing aid to Ukraine, O'Brien later said.

Companies tend to have a preference for both consumers and employees who are young, educated and affluent—which is to say, who can be expected to embrace socially liberal politics.

"We do have a preference for things like auto-enrollment and payroll deduction, because behavioral economics tell us that these things work," said Cristina Martin Firvida, AARP's director of financial security.

"I think they have a preference for the European market and not to the U.K. market and this is the benchmark we have to look at with all deals," he added.

The poll also reveals a significant "gender gap" in GOP voter preferences, as Trump leads Cruz among men by 17 percentage points and women have a preference for Cruz by 3.23 percentage points.

Research going back decades, confirmed again and again, shows that people have a preference for the information that matches what they already believe, and they avoid facts that might disabuse them of their notions.

But light can be polarized such that its waves (or vibrations) do have a preference for a single plane, such as straight up and down or some other direction relative to the waves' direction of travel.

Now, you can probably tell how this herb would be appealing to people who simply have a preference for sweet items and want to avoid them or quit sugar altogether — and this is where it gets tricky.

"We have a preference for opco debt, which is safer in a nationalisation event, it could be viewed as a government proxy in event of a nationalisation, in which case the price could go up," Jupiter's Richards said.

And in fact campaign brass turned down meetings that he was trying -- ELLEITHEE: The president -- HEMINGWAY: Collusion doesn&apost mean do you have a preference for a different policy toward Russia or a willingness to talk to Russians?

"We have a preference for opco debt, which is safer in a nationalization event, it could be viewed as a government proxy in event of a nationalization, in which case the price could go up," Jupiter's Richards said.

I definitely have a preference for stuff that's a little more new, stuff that can kind of reach a more contemporary, younger audience … and then classics like Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Maya Angelou, June Jordan, all those folks.

Chinese shoppers have a preference for cuts such as heads, trotters and rinds, but Cranswick has now started to sell more western cuts like bacon and sausages as young Chinese buyers are willing to pay more for the meat.

"People seem to have a preference for female voices when the role of the AI is more supportive and to assist or help someone, while they associate male voices with an authoritative tone or an area of expertise," Carpenter said.

The fund can construct synthetic instruments (typically around 10% of the portfolio on a notional basis) to create a payoff profile similar to a convertible bond using simple option strategies, although the PMs have a preference for cash convertible bonds.

"We have a preference for Greek debt over Italy," said Nick Wall, portfolio manager at Merian Global Investors, who ventured into Greek bonds in May 103 after French President Emmanuel Macron was elected with an agenda of euro zone integration.

The Fed chair said financial firms have a preference for holding reserves when planning for stress scenarios, and that central bank officials are considering changes to address situations when Treasuries and reserves should be "fully substitutable," in a letter to Senator Sherrod Brown.

Some 80 per cent of those readers, in her judgment, are young, millennial working women: they have the funds to enter the shared quest for the perfect pancake, they have a preference for experience over accumulation of things, and they are relentless pursuers of novelty.

"State agencies generally have a preference for large corporations rather than individuals because there's always a revolving door between state agencies and corporations that are in the same area," Oliver speculated, though he said it's unclear why any preferential treatment to Ancestry might have been given.

Mr. Trump said Friday that he did not have a preference for how the Senate impeachment trial should work, but my colleague Sheryl Gay Stolberg reports that he has privately pushed for a longer process that would give him the chance to stage a theatrical defense.

It is unusual for a successor to the top military job to be chosen so early, but the president has long been known to have a preference for General Milley, an ebullient officer who is well known in the halls of the Pentagon and at Army bases around the world.

"Part of the reason that some people are hesitant to vaccinate is part of a worldview that has a tendency to like natural things and have a preference for natural risks over manmade risks," said Daniel Salmon, deputy director of the Institute for Vaccine Safety at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

I travel often and see them a lot: at airport bookstores, where Steven Pinker and Yuval Noah Harari (both of whom blurbed "Upheaval") and Diamond, of course, deserve permanent shelves; and in the air, where I've noticed that a pretty disproportionate fraction of readers who read in the quiet of 20193,22019 feet have a preference for writers who write from the viewpoint of 230,2000 feet.

" Napier and her three colleagues used the same superpower manipulation in a second experiment designed to measure liberal and conservative resistance to social change based on responses to two questions: "I would be reluctant to make any large-scale changes to the social order" and "I have a preference for maintaining stability in society, even if there seems to be problems with the current system.

Siberian Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods.

The worm is also said to have a preference for local parasitic plants such as the goyo.

Copulation in the field lasts for approximately 28.5 seconds. Males have not been shown to have a preference for either young or old females.

This scale is restricted in host range to Cycas, Dioon, Encephalartos, Macrozamia, Microcycas and Stangeria, but of these, it seems to have a preference for Cycas.

Similarly, it has also been found that there is a relationship between countries that have a preference for utilizing spices in their cooking and parasite stress.

In colder waters, this rôle is filled by Hormathia digitata. Hermit crabs fight one another for gastropod shells and have a preference for shells of certain species.

Numerous Chinese families which still have been influenced a lot by the patriarchal tradition, especially the rural families, tend to have a preference for boys rather than girls.

Many of the players have a preference for participating barefoot. Many of the male players also play for the St Mary's Football Club in Darwin's Northern Territory Football League.

Roesel's bush-crickets have a preference for ungrazed grasses, with tall swards, which are a component of its diet. Other parts of their diet are grass seeds and smaller insects. They also have a preference for humidity, and thus require grasslands which remain reasonably undisturbed. Due to its affinity for tall grasses, they can be found in a variety of habitats, including long swards at the edges of roads, field borders and pastures.

In the literature it can be often found that chemists have a preference for partial least squares (PLS) methods, since it applies the feature extraction and induction in one step.

Roberto (2005) claims that employees may have a preference for avoiding conflict. Therefore, they find confrontation in a public setting uncomfortable. Individual's sense of powerlessness and senses of right and wrong are contributing factors (Kassing & Avtgis, 1999).

On sunny days, pike stay closer to the shallow shore. On windy days, they are further from shore. When close to the shore, pike have a preference for shallow, vegetated areas. Pike are more stationary in reservoirs than lakes.

Eastern whipbirds Psophodes olivaceus holding and feeding on sunflower seeds. Australian field ornithology. Vol. 27, pp. 42-44. Psophodes do not seem to have a preference for left or right foot feeding (as consistent with other species of birds).

As a result, male white cabbage butterflies must have a preference for a certain level of UV reflectance from females.Obara Y. (1970): “Studies on the Mating Behavior of the White Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval.” Z. vergl. Physiologie: 60, ppg 99-116.

The aggressive fish are considered very desirable by anglers. They hit topwater lures, subsurface lures imitating baitfish, and a variety of fly patterns. When hooked, they perform admirably, generating a respectable fight on appropriate tackle. Oddly, they have a preference for feeding during daylight hours.

The Point Reyes Bird Observatory observes that sometimes short-billed birds like the ruby-crowned kinglet are found dead beneath eucalyptus trees with their nostrils clogged with pitch. Monarch butterflies use eucalyptus in California for over-wintering, but in some locations have a preference for Monterey pines.

In contrast, children with autism have a preference for predictable systems. The Transporters therefore focuses on mechanical vehicles that only travel along tracks, because they are highly predictable systems. Grafted onto these animated vehicles are real human faces. In this way, social skills teaching takes place in an autism friendly format.

D'Orbigny's slider has a life span between 30 to 100 years in captivity. They are usually found in water bodies such as lakes, marshes, streams and rivers. They have a preference for waters with low or moderate currents, soft bottoms and abundant aquatic vegetation. Babies are born weighing with a carapace.

These are made from algae and grains of sand and are up to 7 millimeters long. They have a curved conical shape. The cases are very similar to those of L. ferchaultella . They are found on tree trunks, rocks, walls and frames and have a preference for warm dry places.

The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of nine species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two species found in Australia. Despite the group being classified as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

22 Oct. 2013. These iguanas eat both the new leaves and the large flowers from trees and shrubs. Hence, it is restricted and limited to tropical dry forests and similar habitats on islands in western Fiji. Furthermore, the Fiji crested iguanas particularly have a preference for sweet hibiscus flowers of the Vau tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus).

However, the Burchell's courser tends to have a preference for harvester termites (Hodotermes mossambicus) when available, which can constitute over 50% of its diet. It almost never chooses seeds as a source of nutrition. The yearly frequency of rainfalls affects the food availability and quality, which is the main reason the Burchell's courser travels around.

Outside of the United States it is found in Mexico, northwestern Sonora, and northeastern Baja California. They have a preference for places that they can find shrub covering with an understory. Phrynosoma platyrhinos will often bury themselves in sand soil, if possible, or they will live in burrows that were constructed by other animals.

Primary (winter) hosts are Spiraea spp. and Citrus spp. with numerous secondary host plants, in well over 20 families, particularly in the Caprifoliaceae, Compositae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae and Rutaceae families. This aphid has been found to have a preference for woody plants of a shrubby growth habit with citrus and apples being the most important/affected crop hosts.

Adult silk moth Eggs take about 14 days to hatch into larvae, which eat continuously. They have a preference for white mulberry, having an attraction to the mulberry odorant cis-jasmone. They are not monophagous, since they can eat other species of Morus, as well as some other Moraceae, mostly Osage orange. They are covered with tiny black hairs.

In practice, rational investors have a preference for good returns (e.g., deviations above the mean) and an aversion to bad returns (e.g., deviations below the mean). Sortino further found that investors are (or, at least, should be) averse not to deviations below the mean, but to deviations below some "minimal acceptable return" (MAR), which is meaningful to them specifically.

Mononchoides fortidens, of the order Diplogasterida, is a free-living predacious nematode that feeds on both nematodes and bacteria . The predatory behavior of this nematode presents the opportunity to use it as a bio-control agent against other plant parasitic nematodes. It has been shown to have a preference for the second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita.

Body size is important during male-male agonistic interactions and endurance rivalry, while females tend to have a preference for larger males.Alonso, J. C., Magaña, M., Palacín, C., & Carlos, M. A. (2010). Correlates of male mating success in great bustard leks: the effects of age, weight, and display effort. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 64(10), 1589–1600. . .

Lycoperdon echinatum can be found either solitary or in small groups. It typically grows on the ground in deciduous forests and grassy areas, glades and pastures, on moss, humus, or woody debris. The fungus has been noted to have a preference for beech woods. Fruit bodies may make their appearance anytime from the late spring to autumn.

The adults feed on nectar of a great variety of flowers. They have a preference for fragrant species like petunia, jasmine and honeysuckle. They are especially active in the twilight time, hovering over the flowers after sunset. The caterpillars feed mainly on oleander (Nerium oleander) leaves, a highly toxic plant, to which the caterpillars are immune.

Based on the circular organization of the nerve endings and its innervation pattern in Eimer’s organs, Marasco proposed by mapping experiments that nearly all receptors in the star-nosed mole have a preference for a particular direction of applied stimuli. Thus, while one receptor elicits a strong response if compressed in one direction, it may stay "silent" when compressed in another one.

In culture and grown at 25 °C, M. chartarum appears yellow and fluffy. Some cultures had areas that were black in appearance, which were due to visible mature ascomata. However, growth was restricted at this temperature, as fungi in the family Myxotrichaceae have a preference for temperatures below 18 °C. At temperatures of 18 °C, the fungus grew at 2 cm a month.

The ants live in the hollow internodes, or the spaces in between nodes on the plant stem, of select plant species. When the queens start a new colony, they apparently limit their colonies to Cecropia trees. They will inhabit multiple different species of tree, but they have a preference for Cecropia obtusa. Up to 8350 workers live in each tree.

Aphis craccivora is polyphagous, meaning it feeds on a large number of different species of plant, but it seems to have a preference for members of the bean family. Other plant families sometimes acting as hosts include Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Solanaceae. Crops attacked by this aphid include brassicas, cucurbits, beetroot, peanut, cotton, cowpeas, chickpeas and cardamom.

This contrasts with carbocations, which have a preference for unoccupied nonbonding orbitals of pure atomic p character, leading to planar and linear geometries, respectively, for alkyl and alkenyl carbocations.An alkyl carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. 300x300px However, delocalized carbanions may deviate from these geometries. Instead of residing in a hybrid orbital, the carbanionic lone pair may instead occupy a p orbital (or an orbital of high p character).

The rising popularity of organic foods also raises important questions of interest to governments of different countries. Some research also states that people have a preference for buying organic food due to the fact that they believe it is stimulating the local economy. Demographic and agricultural histories, as well as governmental procedures, are fundamental to understanding recent food system localization practices.Hughner, Renée Shaw, et al.

Tyranid "technology" is entirely biological, ships and weapons being purpose-bred living creatures. Tyranids have a preference for melee combat. Their infantry units tend to be fast and hard-hitting but frail. They have low point costs, meaning Tyranid armies in the game are relatively large (many cheap weak units, as opposed to armies with few expensive powerful units such as the Space Marines).

This island was torn to pieces in a disastrous storm tide in 1634. Sylt Sylt (Söl'ring North Frisian: Söl' ; ) is the largest of the North Frisian Islands, consisting of about 100 km². It is accessible by a causeway called the Hindenburgdamm; this causeway is only accessible to trains. In the summer months the island is crowded with tourists, including those who have a preference for nudism.

The amphiuma's predatory behaviors and food selection are very calculated and variable depending on abundance of food. In addition to eating frogs, snakes, fish, crustaceans, insects, and other amphiuma, amphiuma have been found to eat annelids, vegetables, arachnids, mollusca, and larvae. Amphiuma seem to have a preference for eating crawfish. It has been documented that amphiuma will pass on smaller crawfish in order to consume larger ones.

The brucies belong to the subfamily Sigmodontinae and the tribe Akodontini. They are ground-dwellers, and may have a preference for higher altitudes within the rain forest area. Each species is thought to be restricted to a limited area. It is uncertain if they are all distinct species, since many are known from very few specimen, which makes it difficult to know how variable brucies are.

The idea is that the initial commitment on the small request will change one's self-image, therefore giving reasons for agreeing with the subsequent, larger request. It is because people observe their own behaviors (paying attention to and complying with the initial request) and the context in which they behave (no obvious incentive to do so), and thus infer they must have a preference for those products.

Vision is not believed to be significant in hunting, as blind animals have been observed to survive in the wild. Echidnas use their strong claws to pull apart nests and rotting logs to gain access to their prey.Augee, Gooden and Musser, p. 95. They avoid ants and termites that secrete repulsive liquids, and have a preference for the eggs, pupae and winged phases of the insects.

Oxyura australis is omnivorous, where invertebrates as well as seeds, buds, and fruit of emergent and submerged plants are eaten. The duck feeds underwater by sifting mud with its beak. O. australis does have a preference for small invertebrates, including molluscs and aquatic insects such as chironomid larvae, caddis flies, dragonflies and water beetle larvae. Its diverse range of food is reflective of a relatively abundant habitat.

Larvae feed predominantly on aquatic invertebrates, whereas the adult diet consists of 60 to 85% of terrestrial invertebrates, including arthropods and earthworms. When prey is in excess, the northern dusky salamander does typically have a preference for the larger and fleshier terrestrial invertebrates, such as earthworms. The aquatic portion of the adult's diet is habitat specific and commensurate with the seasonal abundance and diversity of invertebrates.

Like men, who have a preference for a lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), a measure linked to female bodily attractiveness,Singh, D.( 1993). Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: role of waist- to-hip ratio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59, 1191–1201. women tend to be more attracted to men who have broader shoulders and relatively narrow waists (the waist-to-chest ratio; WCR).

In addition to the matrilineal dominance hierarchy, male dominance rankings also exist. Alpha males have a higher frequency of mating compared to their lower-ranking conspecifics. The increased success is due partially to his increased access to females and also due to female preference of an alpha male during periods of maximum fertility. Though females have a preference for alpha males, they do display promiscuous behavior.

W. bancrofti is responsible for 90% of lymphatic filariasis. Recently, 120 million worldwide cases of lymphatic filariasis were estimated. W. bancrofti largely affects areas across the broad equatorial belt (Africa, the Nile Delta, Turkey, India, the East Indies, Southeast Asia, Philippines, Oceanic Islands, and parts of South America). The mosquito vectors of W. bancrofti have a preference for human blood; humans are apparently the only animals naturally infected with W. bancrofti.

The Western pygmy perch is found predominantly in lakes, streams, and swamps, and can withstand a degree of brackishness. They have a preference for living among vegetation in the shallows around the water perimeter, and acclimatise readily to a range of water temperatures from almost 0 to 25 °C. Pygmy perch are egg layers. They produce eggs singly, laying 12 to 15 over a period of up to three hours.

Red-footed plumeleteer Illustration by John Gerrard Keulemans (1902) The bronze-tailed plumeleteer (Chalybura urochrysia) is a large hummingbird resident in Central America and South America from eastern Honduras to northwestern Ecuador. The birds inhabit forests and have a preference for edges, gaps and secondary growth. It occurs in the Caribbean lowlands, typically up to an elevation of 700 metres. The red-footed plumeleteer is the Costa Rican subspecies C. u.

In contrast to the widely expressed NRAMP2, NRAMP1 is expressed primarily in macrophages and monocytes and appears to have a preference for Mn2+ rather than Fe2+. NRAMP1 (TC# 2.A.55.2.3) has been reported to function by metal:H+ antiport. It is hypothesized that a deficiency for Mn2+ or some other metal prevents the generation of reactive oxygenic and nitrogenic compounds that are used by macrophage to combat pathogens.

B1b cells are the most common B cells involved in antibody response during an infection or vaccination. This is because they can respond without receiving an activation signal from a T Helper cell. B1 cells express IgM in greater quantities than IgG and its receptors show polyspecificity, meaning that they have low affinities for many different antigens. These polyspecific immunoglobulins often have a preference for other immunoglobulins, self antigens and common bacterial polysaccharides.

As for pH, Hablitzia seems to have a preference for neutral or alkaline soil, which is not entirely surprising given that many members of the Chenopodiaceae thrive on soils with fairly high concentrations of alkali-salts (sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, gypsum). And while it seems to do fine on weakly acidic soil (around pH 5), but once your universal indicator starts to look like a glass of Chartreuse you're probably pushing up against its limits.

In Parkes, John; Henzell, Robert; Pickles, Greg (1996). Managing Vertebrate Pests: Feral Goats. Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service. serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma), St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and thistles (family Asteraceae). They are particularly useful for controlling heavy weed infestations in difficult terrain. In Parkes, John; Henzell, Robert; Pickles, Greg (1996). Managing Vertebrate Pests: Feral Goats. Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service. Goats have a preference for such weeds over other pasture species.

The Tiwi Islands Football League Grand Final is held in March each year and attracts up to 3,000 spectators. Tiwi footballers are renowned for exquisite "one-touch" skills. Many of the players have a preference for playing barefoot. Many of the male players also play for the St Mary's Football Club in Darwin, which was formed specifically to allow Tiwi soldiers in the 1950s to play in the Northern Territory Football League.

Slater argued that KDP could be represented by an ice-type model with energies : \epsilon_1=\epsilon_2=0, \epsilon_3=\epsilon_4=\epsilon_5=\epsilon_6>0 For this model (called the KDP model), the most likely state (the least-energy state) has all horizontal arrows pointing in the same direction, and likewise for all vertical arrows. Such a state is a ferroelectric state, in which all hydrogen atoms have a preference for one fixed side of their bonds.

One part of the adaptive function question is whether music constitutes an evolutionary adaptation or exaptation (i.e. by-product of evolution). Steven Pinker, in his book How the Mind Works, for example, argues that music is merely "auditory cheesecake"—it was evolutionarily adaptive to have a preference for fat and sugar but cheesecake did not play a role in that selection process. This view has been directly countered by numerous music researchers.

The violin develops the melody, he shapes the phrases and introduces tiny pauses. The cimbalom sets the rhythm, indicates accelerations and de- accelerations, and affects the volume. Violin – There doesn’t exist an instrument called “Gypsy violin”. Players in gypsy style have a preference for violins with a dark tone-quality from which they can draw a special sound. The listener gets the impression that he hears a “Gypsy violin” but that is not so.

By the time they are born, infants can recognize and have a preference for their mother's voice suggesting some prenatal development of auditory perception. Prenatal development and birth complications may also be connected to neurodevelopmental disorders, for example in schizophrenia. With the advent of cognitive neuroscience, embryology and the neuroscience of prenatal development is of increasing interest to developmental psychology research. Several environmental agents—teratogens—can cause damage during the prenatal period.

Forthcoming in Basu, K. and R. Kanbur (eds.) Arguments for a better world: Essays in honour of Amartya Sen. Oxford: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). This is because families have a preference for sons; a decrease in fertility would mean that families would no longer have children of multiple sexes, but rather a single male child. However, Klasen's research has found that other than in countries where policies severely restrict family planning (i.e.

OPCs constantly survey their surroundings through actively extending and retracting processes that have been termed growth cone like processes. Death or differentiation of an OPC is rapidly followed by migration or local proliferation of a neighbouring cell. OPCs receive synaptic contacts onto their processes from both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. OPCs receive preferred somatic contacts from fast-spiking GABAergic neurons, while non-fast spiking interneurons have a preference for contacting the processes.

A carnivore, A. alderi feeds on sea anemones. It seems to have a preference for Cereus pedunculatus, Diadumene cincta and species of Sagartia such as Sagartia elegans and Sagartia troglodytes. It also feeds on Metridium dianthus, Sagartiogeton laceratus, Paractinia striata, Actinothoe sphyrodeta Aiptasia mutabilis, Anemonia viridis and Aulactinia verrucosa. The rhinophores are sensory structures and are able to analyse the chemicals dissolved in the water around the sea slug, enabling it to detect its prey.

It frequents grasslands and meadows in the savanna and grassland biomes of South Africa, and is extremely secretive. Detecting the presence of rough-haired golden moles is made all the more difficult by their preference for areas with sandy soils and dense vegetation, normally close to water sources.[5] They have a preference for the use of dry ground on the fringes of marshes or damp veils.[9] Possibly for the ease of excavating invertebrates such as worms.

Equally importantly, the female offspring of these peahens are more likely to have a preference for peacocks with longer and more colourful tails. However, though the relative fitness of males with large tails is higher than those without, the absolute fitness levels of all the members of the population (both male and female) is less than it would be if none of the peahens (or only a small number) had a preference for a longer or more colorful tail.

Facial symmetry is one specific measure of bodily symmetry. Along with traits such as averageness and youthfulness it influences judgments of aesthetic traits of physical attractiveness and beauty. For instance, in mate selection, people have been shown to have a preference for symmetry.Jones, B. C., Little, A. C., Tiddeman, B. P., Burt, D. M., & Perrett, D. I. (2001). Facial symmetry and judgements of apparent health Support for a “‘ good genes ’” explanation of the attractiveness – symmetry relationship, 22, 417–429.

Large white butterflies have a preference for what types of food plant they usually eat. Studies have shown that the preference for certain plants is reliant upon the butterflies' previous experiences. The large white butterflies, then, are shown to rely on the species of food plants, the time of experience, and the choice-situation. Thus, the large white butterflies learn what types of foods they prefer, rather than relying on their sense organs or physiological changes.

At this time, mating is more likely to result in female pregnancy. Females at different stages of their menstrual cycle have been shown to display differences in sexual attraction. Heterosexual females not using birth control pills who are ovulating (high levels of estrogens) have a preference for the scent of males with low levels of fluctuating asymmetry. Ovulating heterosexual females also display preferences toward masculine faces and report greater sexual attraction to males other than their current partner.

Most fishermen tend to use small lures, but often that is not advisable because pike have a preference for large prey. When fishing in shallow water for smaller pike, lighter and smaller lures are frequently used. The humble 'woolly bugger' fly is a favourite lure among keen fly fisherman of the southern hemisphere. Fly fishing for pike is an established aspect of the sport and there are now numerous dedicated products to use specifically to target these fish.

Tilapia have been used as biological controls for certain aquatic plant problems. They have a preference for a floating aquatic plant, duckweed (Lemna sp.) but also consume some filamentous algae. In Kenya, tilapia were introduced to control mosquitoes, which were causing malaria, because they consume mosquito larvae, consequently reducing the numbers of adult female mosquitoes, the vector of the disease. These benefits are, however, frequently outweighed by the negative aspects of tilapia as an invasive species.

Two young Columba palumbus in a nest It breeds in trees in woods, parks and gardens, laying two white eggs in a simple stick nest which hatch after 17 to 19 days. Wood pigeons seem to have a preference for trees near roadways and rivers. Males exhibit aggressive behaviour towards each other during the breeding season by jumping and flapping wings at each other. Their plumage becomes much darker, especially the head, during hot summer periods.

Anadara subcrenata is tolerant of low salinities and favours waters in the range 29–32 ppt. While the larvae are planktonic, they have a preference for even lower salinities of between 24.6 and 30 ppt and tend to congregate in estuarine waters with this degree of salinity. The clam thrives in waters varying in temperature between 5 °C and 28 °C. It also tolerates the low dissolved oxygen levels of tidal waters sweeping in over mud flats.

24 November 2014. The close spatial association of alleles for loci involved in the train in males, and for preference for more exuberant trains in females, on the chromosome (linkage disequilibrium) causes a positive feedback loop that exaggerates both the male traits and the female preferences. Another hypothesis is sensory bias, in which females have a preference for a trait in a nonmating context that becomes transferred to mating. Multiple causality for the evolution of female choice is also possible.

A large concentration is found in the Mount Warning area. Isolated populations may still exist in remnant rainforest patches as far south as Wardell. The birds have a preference for rainforest with a dense understorey of vines and shrubs, or wet sclerophyll forest with a dense understorey of rainforest plants, including temperate rainforest. They are occasionally recorded in areas with mixed eucalypt forest, with a mesic understorey, around gullies and lower slopes, and with small amounts of rainforest in wet gullies.

Russula xerampelina is widely distributed; quite common in northern temperate zones, and often ranging into the Arctic Circle, it also ranges south to Costa Rica. Appearing in the autumn, it grows solitary, or in groups with conifers, and seems to have a preference for Douglas Fir, or more rarely pine trees or larch. It is sometimes found in deciduous woods, such as beech and oak. Variety tenuicarnosa has been found on sandy soils under pine in Slovakia and northern Italy in Trentino.

Grey-bellied tesia in India Tesias live in the undergrowth of forest, usually montane broadleaf forest. They have a preference for damp forest, and are often found near water, particularly the Chestnut-headed and slaty-bellied tesias, although they use a range of microhabitats within the forest, including patches of bamboo or nettles. The three northern species are altitudinal migrants, breeding up to 4,000 m but wintering as low as 150 m. The two southern species are resident within their range.

Harris County is one of the largest consumers of gasoline in the United States, ranking second (behind Los Angeles County) in 2013. Despite the region's high rate of automobile usage, attitudes towards transportation among Houstonians indicate a growing preference for walkability. A 2017 study by the Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research found that 56% of Harris County residents have a preference for dense housing in a mixed-use, walkable setting as opposed to single-family housing in a low-density area.

Members of this species engage in solitary burrowing behavior. Their foreleg claws are their primary method of digging tunnels through the ground, although the incisors may be used occasionally. They generally do not arise above the surface during the day time; however, they have a preference for above ground plant material and will surface to forage for food. Newborns are highly altricial: after a 3-month gestation period, pups are born half- naked and blind, weaning 56 days after birth and becoming independent after 80 days.

The blackhole model proposes that females have a preference for neither size nor type of male, but rather that females tend to be mobile and mate wherever leks may be located. This model predicts that female mobility is a response to male harassment. This prediction is difficult to test, but there was a negative correlation found between male aggressiveness and female visitation in the little bustard population, suggesting that the model might be correct. Evidence supporting the black hole model is mainly found in ungulates.

Sal tree Sal (Shorea robusta) is the most important tree in the area and it seems to have a preference for the rocky soil there. Although sal is a deciduous tree and sheds its leaves in early summer, the forest undergrowth is generally evergreen, which has such trees as mangoes, jamun, jackfruit, and piar. Other important trees are mahua, kusum, tilai, harin hara (Armossa rohitulea), gular (Fiscus glomerata), asan. The Singhbhum forests are best in the Kolhan area in the south-west of the district.

Today, while some may still use the term strictly in the old-fashioned sense (i.e., the romanticized Old Guard), more than ever the leather subculture in the 21st century represents the activities of several major sub-communities. These include BDSM practitioners, and people who have a preference for aggressive or masculine sexual styles; people who love motorcycles; people involved in kink or leather fetishism; and people who participate in large-scale cultural and marketing events such as Folsom Street Fair or leather-themed circuit parties.

Megabats are also killed by humans, intentionally and unintentionally. Half of all megabat species are hunted for food, in comparison to only eight percent of insectivorous species, while human persecution stemming from perceived damage to crops is also a large source of mortality. Some megabats have been documented to have a preference for native fruit trees over fruit crops, but deforestation can reduce their food supply, causing them to rely on fruit crops. They are shot, beaten to death, or poisoned to reduce their populations.

The true population of the species is unknown and no trend has been found. Its habitat is forests and dense woodland and it seems to have a preference for shrubs and small understorey trees rather than towering giants. Much of the forest is fragmented into small patches and it is threatened by a high rate of destruction of its habitat for agricultural purposes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classed this species as Endangered and it is listed in Appendix II of the CITES treaty.

Urban art is a recent art movement of the 21st century, whose impetus emanates from the city and which refers to city life. The art is largely practiced by artists living in an urban environment or those who have a preference for the city. UrbanArt combines Street art, Graffiti and other varieties of the modern art movement. As it is predominantly inspired by urban architecture and thematises an urban lifestyle, it frequently embraces all forms of the pictorial arts that surface in urban spaces.

Research has shown that the waist-hip ratio (WHR) of a female is a good indicator of their health, and that males tend to have a preference for females with a low WHR. When comparing women's pre- and post-operative photographs, post-operative photographs where women have a lower WHR are rated as more attractive, regardless of their weight gain or their BMI. Culture plays a role in the type of plastic surgery a woman gets. The beauty standards for Westerners and Easterners are extremely different.

As this species is found throughout New Zealand it can happily live anywhere although it does have a preference for mountain type areas where snow tussock is present in particular in the South Island mountain ranges and Stewart Island. It is also known to be a species that contributes to fly strike in sheep. While it is not a species that initiates fly-strike, it can be a secondary candidate so may be found on farmland areas as well. This particular species is hardly ever found indoors.

Stiglitz, together with Avinash Dixit, created a tractable model of monopolistic competition that was an alternative to traditional perfect-competition models of general equilibrium. They showed that in the presence of increasing returns to scale, the entry of firms is socially too small. The model was extended to show that when consumers have a preference for diversity, entry can be socially too large. The modelling approach was also influential in the fields of trade theory, and industrial organisation, and was used by Paul Krugman in his analysis of non comparative advantage trading patterns.

When it comes to the mating behaviour of simultaneous hermaphrodites such as pulmonate land snails and pulmonate land slugs, as well as opisthobranch sea snails and opisthobranch sea slugs, there is the question of which sexual role or roles an individual will adopt in a mating encounter.Anthes N, Putz A, Michiels NK. Sex role preferences, gender conflict and sperm trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: a new framework. Animal Behaviour. 2006;72(1):1-12. If the individuals involved both have a preference for the same gender role, then their mating interests are inherently incompatible.

Budworm populations are usually regulated naturally by combinations of several natural factors such as insect parasites, vertebrate and invertebrate predators, and adverse weather conditions. During prolonged outbreaks when stands become heavily defoliated, starvation can be an important mortality factor in regulating populations. This species is a favoured food of the Cape May warbler, which is therefore closely associated with its host plant, balsam fir. This bird, and the Tennessee and bay-breasted warblers, which also have a preference for budworm, lay more eggs and are more numerous in years of budworm abundance.

Males have been shown to have a preference for a high-carbohydrate diet versus one focused on protein. This would suggest they are actively increasing their carbohydrate consumption to maximize their reproductive fitness and attractiveness to potential female mates. After mating, the female B. giganteus is pregnant for life and stores the fertilized eggs in her ootheca, where they are incubated for roughly 60 days. When the eggs are about to hatch, the female expels the ootheca so the nymphs can break free and feed on their first meal, which consists of the ootheca.

It is important to note that most of the detailed research on the ecological characteristics and behaviour of fallow deer occur in large blocks of woodland, which means there may be some bias present. Fallow deer can be found in a variety of habitats, which can range from cool and wet to hot and dry. Fallow deer seem to have a preference for older forests with dispersed areas of grass, trees, and a variety of other vegetation. The largest herd occurs right before the rutting season, while the smallest groups are females with fawns.

In a letter to his cousin, Zhou identified two broad paths of reform for China: "gradual reform" (as in England) or "violent means" (as in Russia). Zhou wrote that "I do not have a preference for either the Russian or the British way... I would prefer something in-between, rather than one of these two extremes". Still interested in academic programs, Zhou traveled to Britain in January 1921 to visit Edinburgh University. Concerned by financial problems and language requirements, he did not enroll, returning to France at the end of January.

Dozens of zoo personnel man the displays during peak holiday times to stop visitors from throwing food and other items at the animals. The animals do have a preference for Bamba, the popular children's peanut-and-corn snack (though it gives the monkeys diarrhea); other common projectiles include bottles, plastic bags, and children's shoes. In 1997 a toco toucan was found dead in its cage next to pieces of avocado, a known bird toxin. In 2006 a hippopotamus died after swallowing a tennis ball tossed into its enclosure.

Mullaghderg Beach, the Rosses Once a predominantly Irish-speaking area, over recent generations English has become increasingly common. Irish is still used extensively in some areas including parts of the island of Arranmore, the townland of Ranafast and the village of Annagry. In some areas, like the hills around An Clochán Liath, around Loughanure and in pockets of Doochary and Lettermacaward, the Irish language is predominant. The local people are said to have a preference for Gaelic football over football, which is often the case in rural areas of the country.

The Ugandan red colobus is a folivore so the main component of its diet is leaves. It is not limited to any tree species in particular and different groups in the same forest have shown preferences for different tree species. Although not particularly fussy about which species of tree it eats, the Ugandan red colobus does have a preference for eating young leaves or the petioles of more mature leaves. Although uncommon the Ugandan red colobus has been observed eating bark, seeds and fruits, thought to be an important source of nutrients.

Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs, and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations. Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them no matter their size. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are also reported to kill dogs.

For instance, a study in 2014 reported that for horses, personality (quantified using a validated questionnaire) and tolerance to pain (using a Likert scale) indicated that neuroticism is negatively related to stoicism whereas extroversion was positively related to levels of expressed lameness. This suggests that pain may be more easily identified in highly extrovert horses. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), Proactive and Reactive personalities express different thermal preferences and general activity within the temperature gradient. Proactive fish (more aggressive, bold risk- takers, prone to routine formation) have a preference for higher temperature environments.

Myers and Briggs added another dimension to Jung's typological model by identifying that people also have a preference for using either the judging function (thinking or feeling) or their perceiving function (sensing or intuition) when relating to the outside world (extraversion). Myers and Briggs held that types with a preference for judging show the world their preferred judging function (thinking or feeling). So, TJ types tend to appear to the world as logical and FJ types as empathetic. According to Myers, judging types like to "have matters settled".

Like many waterbirds found in Australia, the red-necked avocet is highly nomadic, due mainly to the high variation in rainfall, moving around the continent in search of suitable habitat. It has a very wide range in Australia but is comparatively rare on the northern and north-eastern coasts. The birds have a preference for salt or brackish water and are generally found in shallow wetland areas that are either fresh or salt, or on estuarine mudflats. The species is rare in Tasmania and an occasional vagrant to New Zealand.

This difference in culture due to pathogen avoidance has also been seen in the contrast of food preferences between cultures. Research investigated the possibility that individuals will have a preference for spices in their cooking to defend against food-borne human parasites. This was tested through measuring the types and numbers of spices used in recipes across various regions across the world – it was found that temperature was a good predictor of the use of anti-pathogen spices. This finding makes sense when considering that temperature is a breeding ground for parasites.

Uniquely, amplexus is most likely to occur between horseshoe crabs when the female horseshoe crab has a hard shell. Additionally, males who inhabit a clean shell are more likely to enter amplexus, compared to males who contain a dirty shell, as it seems that females have a preference for clean shells on males. A male horseshoe crab's claspers may also be an important factor of consideration for the initiation of amplexus. Since claspers are used for the attachment to the female, claspers that are in good condition are more successful for the initiation of amplexus.

Men involved in polyamorous relationships display higher levels of testosterone than men involved in either a single partner relationship or single men. Research on the ovulatory shift hypothesis explores differences in female mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle. Non-pill using heterosexual females who are ovulating (high levels of estrogens) were shown to have a preference for the scent of males with low levels of fluctuating asymmetry. Certain research has also indicated that ovulating heterosexual females display a preference toward masculine faces and report greater sexual attraction to males other than their current partner, though this has been called into question.

The redeye piranha occurs in a wide variety of habitats but the adults have a preference for the larger, deeper river channels where they normally hunt for prey either in deep stretches or in the vicinity of rapids. The juveniles are most frequently recorded in stiller stretches where there is thick submerged or marginal vegetation. Paler coloured fish tend to be found in turbid white waters, while in clear or dark waters, dark fish predominate. These fish are opportunistic and omnivorous feeders which will eat plants, fallen fruits and animals smaller than themselves such as insects and small fishes.

All parents who intend to send their child to a public primary school in Hong Kong are required to participate in the POA System. Parents must obtain an application form and indicate whether they have a preference for any particular school. Parents may opt to apply for a Discretionary Place at one single school of their choice directly; the school does not have to be located in the same school net as the child's residential address. Parents who have no preference, or who failed to obtain a Discretionary Place, are allocated a school place during the Central Allocation stage.

Thalkobad is about from Chakradharpur, from Manoharpur, and about from Jamshedpur. Ho people inhabit the area, which is dotted with iron ore mining towns including Gua, Chiria, Kiriburu and Noamundi Sal (Shorea robusta) is the most important tree in the area and it seems to have a preference for the rocky soil of the area. Although sal is a deciduous tree and sheds its leaves in early summer, the forest undergrowth is generally evergreen, which has such trees as mangoes, jamun, jackfruit, and piar. Other important trees are mahua, kusum, tilai, harin hara (Armossa rohitulea), gular (Ficus glomerata), and asan.

Newborns are exceptionally capable of facial discrimination and recognition shortly after birth. Therefore, it is not surprising that infants develop strong facial recognition of their mother. Studies have shown that newborns have a preference for their mothers' faces two weeks after birth. At this stage, infants would focus their visual attention on pictures of their own mother for a longer period than a picture of complete strangers. Studies have shown that infants even as early as four days old look longer at their mothers’ face than at those of strangers only when the mother is not wearing a head scarf.

The species appears to have a preference for fish of a specific size, which depends on its own length and age. Cephalopods (mainly octopus or squid) and a wide array of crustaceans are also taken in smaller quantities, with shrimps, stomatopods and crabs being the most common. The diet of juveniles in Hawaiian and South African estuaries has also been determined, with these younger fish having a more crustacean based diet than the adults. In Hawaii, crustaceans make up 96% of the gut contents numerically, with tanaids and isopods dominating the diet, while fish only make up 4% numerically.

Finally, the researchers attempted to ascertain if keas have a preference for working alone or together. No preference was found in three of the four keas, but one kea preferred the duo platform significantly more. Heaney, Gray, and Taylor concluded that these results put keas on a par with elephants and chimpanzees in terms of cooperative pulling. These conclusions are in sharp contrast to those of Schwing, Jocteur, Wein, Noë, and Massen, who tested ten captive keas in a loose-string task on an apparatus that provided limited visibility to follow the trajectory of the string.

The grey nurse sharks live near the coast in sub-tropical to cool-temperate waters near most continental land masses (not found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off North and South America). They have a preference for some places resulting in an uneven distribution. For example, there are few grey nurse sharks found in north Australia while they are relatively abundant in the southern part of the eastern and western Australian waters. They are usually found swimming slowly, just above the sea floor, in sandy-bottomed gutters or in rocky underwater caves near inshore rocky reefs and islands.

One study of 100 mg/day transdermal progesterone in the form of an alcohol-based gel found relatively high concentrations of progesterone in circulation that corresponded to luteal-phase levels. The peak levels of progesterone were 8 ng/mL and were theoretically sufficient to confer endometrial protection. These findings, although based on a single study, suggest that alcohol-based progesterone gels might yield relatively high levels of circulating progesterone. One possible explanation for the difference is that progesterone creams are more lipophilic and may have a preference for uptake into the fatty layer under the skin.

The 2009 study in the journal Reproductive Health cited above, puts the percentage of consanguine marriage in Mauritania at 47.2; Morocco at 20-28; Oman at 56.3; Qatar at 54. In the town of Timbuctoo, a field investigator found that among the Arabs one third of marriages are with first cousins. Half of these are with the father's brother's daughter and slightly fewer with the mother's brother's daughter. It is possible that the high MBD marriage rate is the result of Songhoi influence, one group of which prefers the MBD type and shuns the FBD type, and another group of which have a preference for both.

This journey is not only harmful for the cubs, but also for the mother. The tissue of the clitoris will sometimes rip open when giving birth for the first time which can be fatal to the mother. Female spotted hyenas are the choosy sex because they invest in parental care as well as being the dominant sex in the clan. However, males are likely to still have a preference for a particular female as it is seen in other animals; high-ranking females begin breeding at a younger age and their offspring are more likely to survive to adulthood than the offspring of low-ranking females.

Scene of sorcery Caroselli seems to have a preference for the subject of prostitutes and courtisans. Giovanni Battista Passeri recounts that the Caroselli lived with Agostino Tassi so he could enjoy the favours of the courtesans who lived in his house. His paintings of this subject matter therefore depict figures that the painter knew well.Angelo Caroselli, Blind Love: A Man Playing Draughts with a Courtesan at Robilant+Voena As his follower referred to as the Pseudo-Caroselli also often returned to this subject in a style not very unlike that of Caroselli, it has not always been possible to distinguish the work of the two artists in this area.

Maternal obesity is linked with elective preterm delivery, neonatal death, and delivery of an extremely low birth weight infant. In follow-up studies of babies whose birth weights were below 1000g, it was shown that 40% to 45% of the survivors had severe neurodevelopmental impairments. It has been demonstrated through a study on rats that when a pregnant mother ate a diet rich in fat, sugar, and salt, that mother's offspring was more likely to overeat and have a preference for junk food. Even when the offspring were not given the option of junk food, their bodies metabolized food differently from offspring whose mother ate healthier.

A former resistant, volunteer at eighteen during the Second World War (prisoner then escaped, he engaged in the Combat movement of the region of Nice,) André Brincourt directed the cultural pages, then the literary supplement of the newspaper Le Figaro. He was also a literary journalist on television and had television interviews with André Malraux, of which he was a friend. Alongside his work as a journalist, he wrote about twenty books in a wide variety of literary genres, ranging from poetry to novel. In his last years, he seemed to have a preference for the fragment and the aphorism as evidenced by his latest publications.

Double-blind studies found that women prefer the scent of men who are rated as facially attractive. For example, both males and females were more attracted to the natural scent of individuals who had been rated by consensus as facially attractive. Additionally, it has also been shown that women have a preference for the scent of men with more symmetrical faces, and that women's preference for the scent of more symmetrical men is strongest during the most fertile period of their menstrual cycle. Within the set of normally cycling women, individual women's preference for the scent of men with high facial symmetry correlated with their probability of conception.

This appreciation for neoteny may be one factor that caused him to fall in love with Kanata, whom he eventually married. He describes that he likes girls as some men do, but that he also appreciates younger ones. This means that this attraction is equal or possibly secondary, meaning he does not have a preference for them, so despite being a 'lolicon' (person with a lolita complex) he is not a pedophile. Throughout the show news reports and conversations indicate that young girls in the area are being approached by a strange man, and a running joke in the show involves hints that Sōjirō is in fact the one doing it.

Considering these salamanders showed a significant preference for test corridors which matched the magnetic alignment of their housing corridors, researchers concluded that cave salamanders have the capacity to detect the Earth's magnetic field, and have a preference for movement along learned magnetic axes. Subsequent research has examined magnetoreception in a more natural setting. Under typical circumstances, red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) respond to drastic increases in water temperature (which tend to indicate environmental deterioration) by orienting themselves toward the shoreline and heading for land. However, when magnetic fields are experimentally altered, this behaviour is disrupted, and assumed orientations fail to direct the newts to the shoreline.

The lumped-element low-pass filter (top) can be converted to a design that eliminates the inductors and contains capacitors only by the use of J-inverters, resulting in a mixed lumped-element and distributed-element design. At radio frequencies of upper VHF or higher up to microwave frequencies one quarter wavelength is conveniently short enough to incorporate the component within many products, but not so small that it cannot be manufactured using normal engineering tolerances, and it is at these frequencies where the device is most often encountered. It is especially useful for making an inductor out of a capacitor, since designers have a preference for the latter.Matthaei et al, pp.144-149.

Aluminium crochet hooks The crochet hook comes in many sizes and materials, such as bone, bamboo, aluminium, plastic, and steel. Because sizing is categorized by the diameter of the hook's shaft, a crafter aims to create stitches of a certain size in order to reach a particular gauge specified in a given pattern. If gauge is not reached with one hook, another is used until the stitches made are the needed size. Crafters may have a preference for one type of hook material over another due to aesthetic appeal, yarn glide, or hand disorders such as arthritis, where bamboo or wood hooks are favored over metal for the perceived warmth and flexibility during use.

In cases where they are taken out of the country, traffickers prey on the fact that the children are often unable to understand the language of their new location and are unaware of their legal rights. Research indicates that traffickers have a preference for females age 12 and under because young children are more easily molded into the role assigned to them and because they are assumed to be virgins, which is valuable to consumers. The girls are then made to appear older, and documents are forged as protection against law enforcement. Victims tend to share similar backgrounds, often coming from communities with high crime rates and lack of access to education.

However, this study contradicts Galvani's prediction showing that even when presented with alternatives, the cestodes were observed to spend a considerable amount of time around the related cestode as can be seen in the plot of Mean Position by Eggs per Mg Cestodes. The data supports the hypothesis that S. solidus have a preference for siblings and there exists a positive relationship between number of eggs produced and the amount of time spent in close proximity to the related cestode. This study found that pairs that exhibited strong sibling preference produced 12% more eggs in comparison to eggs produced by unrelated pairs. Kokko and Ots suggests that, despite inbreeding depression, there exists a significant advantage to incestuous mating choices.

While it seems to persist for years in the thicket rat, P. chabaudi (AS) lasts up to three months in BALB/c or C57Bl/6 mice P. falciparum has been observed to persist for up to a year, and even in conditions of drought when there are no new infections. Other species that are used to model human infection do not have this property. The other unique properties of this parasite are that it is synchronous, as first described for malaria by Galen, and that it prefers to infect normocytes, similar to P. falciparum, the most virulent human parasite, while several of the other rodent parasites have a preference for immature red blood cells, or reticulocytes, which they share with P. vivax.

Palm-nut vulture is an unusual frugivorous accipitrid, but will also consume fish, particularly dead fish Shikra Accipiter badius in Hyderabad, India Oriental honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus Accipitrids are predominantly predators and most species actively hunt for their prey. Prey is usually captured and killed in the powerful talons of the raptor and then carried off to be torn apart with a hooked bill for eating or feeding to nestlings. A majority of accipitrids are opportunistic predators that will take any prey that they can kill. However, most have a preference for a certain type of prey, which in harriers and the numerous buteonine hawks (including more than 30 species in the genus Buteo) tends towards small mammals such as rodents.

Blackleg is a fungal disease of canola that results in major yield loss in affected crops. It overwinters on infected stubble (leftover crop residue) that is left on farm fields, and can continue to produce spores, infecting future crops, until the stubble is buried or broken down completely. The observation that C. olla grows and fruits on canola stubble has led to research on the potential of this fungus to degrade canola stubble, and reduce the incidence of stubble-borne diseases like blackleg and blackspot. In a study of its lignin-degrading abilities, C. olla was shown to colonize canola, wheat, and barley residue, but appeared to have a preference for the woody taproots of canola as compared to the cereal residue.

She appears as a young red-haired girl. Her transport of choice is a large cruise-liner called "The Hebihanabi," or "Snake Fireworks ship," that can move on land or sea, and is always accompanied by a thick fog. Her sacrifices are turned into stone statues through looking upon her true form, and are either kept in her onboard private collection, or used to decorate the cities under her command (she seems to have a preference for young and beautiful boys.) During one scene in the anime, bunch of snakes are scattered around after she throws her head at a mob of angry parents, implying that she is made out of snakes. One of her oddest features is that she is always accompanied by a servant whose voice is heard, but who never appears onscreen.

Plectania nannfeldtii is typically found at higher elevations in coniferous forests growing on wet twigs or other rotting woody debris, often in or near snow. It often begins its development underneath the snow, reaching maturity as the snowbank recedes to expose it; one source suggests that its metabolic heat may help it melt a path through snow as it grows. It may grow singly, scattered or in clusters, and has been noted to have a preference for the wood of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa as well as other conifers. In North America, it is found in the Western United States and Canada, where it fruits from late May to early August; it is common in the Sierra Nevada and in higher elevations of the Pacific Coast Ranges.

The cichlid males' behavior of shifting between dominant and subordinate states as a result of the social environment can also be related to females in their vicinity, for females may alternate between reproductive states as well, but independently of social conditions. Females use a complex integration of cues in order to make their mate preferences, which may be from genetic factors, learned behaviors, or hormone levels. They can socially transform between a gravid reproductive state, which is egg- bearing, and a non-gravid reproductive state, and it was shown in a study that the mating preferences of the female highly depended on the reproductive state in which the female was in. Gravid female cichlids will prefer to spend time with the dominant male type instead of the subordinate male type, whereas the non-gravid females do not have a preference for either one.

Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. Lichen is the primary food source for the Siberian Musk Deer Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods that are both rich in protein and low in fiber. During periods of winter, musk deer can survive in even poorer food quality ranging in foods that are low in proteins but are high in energy and can be easily digested.Wang, W., Zhou, R., He, L., Liu, S., Zhou, J., Qi, L., Li, L. and Hu, D. (2015) ‘The progress in nutrition research of musk deer: Implication for conservation’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 172, pp. 1–8.

She appears to have a preference for the colour black, in that most of her childhood drawings were done in this colour (mentioned in Soul Music). This fixation is not as extreme as that which her mother possessed for the colour pink, and may in fact be a characteristic inherited from Death, who made most of the decorations for his Domain black. She has an intense fixation on chocolate (provided there is no nougat in it), one about which she is very defensive. Another aspect of her personality which may stem from her relationship with Death is the fact that she is, by her own admission, "not very musical" (her grandfather also possessed a distinct lack of talent in the field of music, making several unsuccessful attempts to learn how to play the violin and the banjo).

Neil Fleming's VARK model and inventory expanded upon earlier notions of sensory modalities such as the VAK model of Barbe and colleagues and the representational systems (VAKOG) in neuro-linguistic programming. The four sensory modalities in Fleming's model are: # Visual learning # Auditory learning # Physical learning # Social learning Fleming claimed that visual learners have a preference for seeing (visual aids that represent ideas using methods other than words, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, symbols, etc.). Subsequent neuroimaging research has suggested that visual learners convert words into images in the brain and vice versa, Also reported in: but some psychologists have argued that this "is not an instance of learning styles, rather, it is an instance of ability appearing as a style". Likewise, Fleming claimed that auditory learners best learn through listening (lectures, discussions, tapes, etc.), and tactile/kinesthetic learners prefer to learn via experience—moving, touching, and doing (active exploration of the world, science projects, experiments, etc.).