Sentences Generator
And
Your saved sentences

No sentences have been saved yet

162 Sentences With "greenhouse gasses"

How to use greenhouse gasses in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "greenhouse gasses" and check conjugation/comparative form for "greenhouse gasses". Mastering all the usages of "greenhouse gasses" from sentence examples published by news publications.

"The history of the climate looks more like greenhouse gasses than anything else, and of those greenhouse gasses it looks like CO2 has been the biggest control on it," Alley said.
That's because, while cleaner than coal, natural gas still emits greenhouse gasses.
Nuclear reactors generate energy day and night, and produce no greenhouse gasses.
And then there's transportation, the No. 1 global contributor of greenhouse gasses.
EPA decision that designated greenhouse gasses as pollution under the Clean Air Act.
Forests are gigantic carbon sinks, sucking up greenhouse gasses and expelling precious oxygen.
The law limits pollution emissions and mandates a permit to release greenhouse gasses.
And beef production is so taxing that it has significant impacts beyond greenhouse gasses.
Most of the greenhouse gasses on Mars would be remarkably energy intensive to extract.
Chicken is considerably better for the environment than beef, however, producing fewer greenhouse gasses.
The release of these greenhouse gasses would also contribute to an increase in atmospheric pressure.
That cuts down on the emissions that cause greenhouse gasses used to make new plastic.
That's partly because HFCs make up a much smaller percentage of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
The biggest lifestyle choice you could make to reduce greenhouse gasses is to stop eating meat.
The U.S. is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, according to the World Resources Institute.
In fact, scooters typically emit more greenhouse gasses than buses with high ridership and electric bikes.
"There are substantial benefits and co-benefits of working to reduce these greenhouse gasses," said Solomon.
BP said it would cut 3.5 million tonnes of greenhouse gasses emissions from its operations by 2025.
Producing ammonium nitrate more energy efficiently might offset some of the greenhouse gasses, but that seems unlikely.
If we continue to increase our emissions of greenhouse gasses, these kind of damages will also increase.
Fewer greenhouse gasses means less warming, which reduces the risks from extreme weather events worsened by warming.
Nick Hewitt: Eating meat makes a large contribution to the greenhouse gasses that people in the UK produce.
The only practical way we can help limit these effects is by reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gasses.
Known as greenhouse gasses, this man-made carbon output has been directly linked to our rapidly changing climate.
It sustainably gets rid of food waste without landfilling (a major contributor to greenhouse gasses), it allows farmers to fertilize their soil organically (without using harsh chemicals whose manufacture contribute to greenhouse gasses) and it enables farmers to use less water, which helps alleviate drought conditions in California (and everywhere else).
The 195-nation agreement seeks to curb carbon emissions and other greenhouse gasses in order to fight climate change.
" He said that to reduce dependence on fossil fuels "not only must we emit less greenhouse gasses — we must also plant those things that absorb greenhouse gasses and carbon, and we must also invest in the technology that will allow us to claim some of it that is in the air right now.
Which is challenging, because no one knows how much more greenhouse gasses people will continue to pump into the atmosphere.
Animals, cows, and sheep are major sources of greenhouse gasses, and we're using a lot of "hidden" land for them.
Without big producers of greenhouse gasses, experts say, states will struggle to make significant gains in reaching global climate goals.
The report found that human-caused emissions of greenhouse gasses were negatively affecting everything from our infrastructure to our health.
More river coverage could mean we're sending even more of those greenhouse gasses into the air than current calculations account for.
That's because fine food that's thrown away ends up going to landfills and emitting greenhouse gasses that contribute to climate change.
And they represent a taste of what's to come if we don't stop pumping heat-trapping greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.
They see the tax as a replacement for the EPA's regulations on greenhouse gasses, including the Obama administration's Clean Power Plan.
And both climate events seem to be caused by a significant buildup of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
China, by far the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gasses, is aiming to reach a peak in carbon emissions by 143.
Animal farming produces large amounts of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide, and farmland competes for space with natural ecosystems like forests.
An example of information disclosure could be product labels that show the greenhouse gasses associated with an item's production and use.
With more typical American diets, which contain more dairy and fewer veggies, meatless days dropped greenhouse gasses by only 4 percent.
Countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative have the potential to emit more than half the planet's greenhouse gasses by 2050.
According to a report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, the textile industry emits more greenhouse gasses than international shipping and aviation combined.
"The fact that when you put greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, you're going to warm the planet, that's not complex," he says.
Eating meat, particularly beef, has a huge impact on climate change because of the production of greenhouse gasses and use of water.
Carbon emissions, greenhouse gasses, irresponsible energy consumption, and natural resource extraction methods are all major threats to our home planet's well-being.
As a result, S11D will use about 70 percent less diesel and emit 50 percent less greenhouse gasses than a conventional mine.
Plastics are toxic to most species and can result in the creation of dangerous greenhouse gasses when disposed of in a landfill.
Still, it's nice to think that there are things we can do with our greenhouse gasses other than leaving them in the atmosphere.
In other words, it would require a lot of greenhouse gasses to raise the pressure to a point that is suitable for humans.
China surpassed the United States a decade ago as the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gasses, and now discharges about twice as much.
The finding has implications for the study of climate change, because rivers exchange greenhouse gasses with the atmosphere, especially when humans pollute their waters.
Meanwhile, both the United States and China, the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gasses, face intractable political opposition to delivering on their commitments.
Other shifts in air pollution, greenhouse gasses, and even volcanic activity over the coming decades could also change how much rain falls on California.
On the environment, Trump recklessly withdrew from the Paris Agreement to combat greenhouse gasses, believing that climate change is not caused by human behavior.
The natural world, according to the OIA, is an experiential commodity, acquired through the poisoning of our atmosphere with enormous amounts of greenhouse gasses.
A study published in the journal Environmental Research Letters found that a lot of greenhouse gasses are created when manufacturing and transporting the scooters.
Anderson emphasizes that we need to eliminate — not reduce — emissions at emergency speed and draw down excess greenhouse gasses to restore a safe climate.
It seemed like all that was needed was a little human ingenuity to extract these greenhouse gasses and release them into the Martian atmosphere.
No matter what we do from now until the year 2100, the levels of greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere will continue to warm the planet.
If greenhouse gasses continue to increase, then the planet's ecosystems, and the myriad benefits humanity knowingly and unknowingly reaps from them, will be violently remade.
There would be mass flooding from sea level rise, severe weather changes, deadly chemical release, and mass greenhouse gasses that will leak into the atmosphere.
Global greenhouse gasses will have increased by 2.7 percent by the end of 2018, according to a grim new report from the Global Carbon Project.
The state is also the country's largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, responsible for 10 percent of all carbon emissions in 2014, according to government figures.
But despite these impressive numbers, China's push to clean its air and reduce its greenhouse gasses faces political pressure from the politically powerful coal industry.
Clouds play a profound role in the climate system: some types block sunlight, cooling the Earth, while others act as greenhouse gasses and heat it.
The cap sets the total amount of greenhouse gasses the economy (or at least the portion of the economy covered by the program) can emit.
The rates that plants can absorb greenhouse gasses is largely dictated by how variations in the water cycle—such as droughts and floods—affect the soil.
"I personally think that if society is the one that's benefiting from the reduction of greenhouse gasses, that society should pick up the tab," he said.
While our city is doing its part to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses, you can also get involved, or simply enjoy Mother Nature, this weekend.
The Netherlands, where emissions of greenhouse gasses were 13 percent lower last year than in 1990, is among the most polluting countries in the European Union.
China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, followed by the United States, according to the World Resources Institute, a Washington D.C.-based research organization.
But the United States is the second-worst emitter of greenhouse gasses, and burdening developing nations with the task of reducing emissions completely ignores that fact.
Electric vehicles have a lot of appeal – they use no gasoline, they emit no greenhouse gasses, they're quiet, and they recharge as easily as your phone.
Mars comes stocked with greenhouse gasses in the form of water vapor trapped in the ice at its poles and carbon dioxide trapped in its soil.
Beef and pork farming, as vegetarians are constantly reminding us, creates huge amounts of greenhouse gasses, and as such are a key factor in global warming.
The major greenhouse gasses, carbon dioxide (CO43), methane and nitrous oxide, all rose to record high amounts in our atmosphere during 2017, according to the report.
California, New York, Maryland and Connecticut said they would craft new regulations to curtail hydrofluorocarbons, the highly potent greenhouse gasses used in air-conditioners and refrigerators.
The Philippines had played little part in this — it's a poor country estimated to have contributed less than 1% of all greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere.
If everyone in the world became vegetarian and continued a sustainable lifestyle, our CO2 emissions would plummet, as well as greenhouse gasses and other harmful chemicals.
The goal is to transition the U.S. economy away from burning fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gasses blamed for climate change, rising sea levels and severe storms.
In fact, releasing all of Mars' greenhouse gasses would only increase the temperature on the surface to about one-sixth what is needed to support liquid water.
The farming, fishing and production of feed for livestock and poultry strains the earth's finite resources — consuming fossil fuel, emitting greenhouse gasses, hogging farmland and polluting waterways.
And scientists know why we're seeing these trends, too: "It's because of the increases in greenhouse gasses that we put into the atmosphere over the last hundred years."
Typically, energy use tied to the Super Bowl averages 4,000 megawatts of energy per hour, said Groh, generating greenhouse gasses equivalent to 600 cars driven for a year.
Discarded food ends up in landfill where it rots, releasing harmful greenhouse gasses, while the water, energy and fuel needed to grow, store and transport it is wasted.
And especially so given that he only regulated greenhouse gasses after he was sued by environmentalists and liberal states and the Supreme Court forced him to do it.
This important ecological system, which has been called "the lungs of the planet," absorbs greenhouse gasses and plays a critical role in mitigating threats of the climate crisis.
"We are working on a new method to produce the same meat, but in a way that uses less than half of the greenhouse gasses," Toubia told Bloomberg.
In a scenario in which we continue emitting greenhouse gasses as projected, rising ocean temperatures could lead sea levels to get 3 feet higher by the year 2100.
Discarded food ends up in landfills where it rots, releasing harmful greenhouse gasses, while the water, energy and fuel needed to grow, store and transport it is wasted.
Our planet is steadily warming due to the steady release of greenhouse gasses, so it would behoove us to learn as much about this stifling hot planet as possible.
China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, and it's costly -- the country's economy lost roughly $535 billion due to pollution in 2012, according to the RAND corporation.
And finally, there's the possibility of releasing enough greenhouse gasses into the Martian atmosphere to warm the planet to the point where liquid water can exist on its surface.
Environmental groups oppose the expansion, arguing that the pipeline supports extraction of crude oil from oil sands, a method which releases 17% more greenhouse gasses than other extraction techniques.
In addition, it sparked a flurry of stories about how the world was finally separating, or to use a technical term "decoupling," economic growth from emissions of greenhouse gasses.
While many nations are struggling to reduce their carbon emissions, the Kingdom of Bhutan is already carbon negative: it takes more greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere than it emits.
A key feature of Bloomberg Green is a dashboard containing several climate metrics like how many trees are being lost over time and the quantity of greenhouse gasses being emitted.
Baby steps China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, and it's costly -- the country's economy lost roughly $535 billion due to pollution in 2012, according to the RAND corporation.
CO2 sticks around the atmosphere longer than other greenhouse gasses, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists, and that's why major climate change deals like the Paris Agreement target CO2 specifically.
Per the Climate Action Tracker, the U.S., the second-largest world emitter of greenhouse gasses (but top historical emitter), falls under "critically insufficient," the worst category, in meeting its Paris pledge.
Next time an internet rando goes, "Um actually, the sun's temperature is what's warming the Earth," or something, you might want a quick way to visualize how greenhouse gasses impact temperature.
Meat production has been proven to be a significant source of greenhouse gasses and contributes to other environmental damage by using a huge amount of natural resources like land and water.
The thinking is that if you require people to pay a tax proportionate to the amount of greenhouse gasses they are producing, this will incentivize the adoption of clean, renewable energy.
Saving the planet from climate change takes efforts on two fronts: Limiting the amount of carbon dioxide people add to the atmosphere, and eliminating the greenhouse gasses that have already been emitted.
" "Though it is unlikely that Congress will enact climate change legislation soon, it is very possible that the Obama administration will bypass Congress and attempt to regulate greenhouse gasses by administrative fiat.
Last year, the United States nearly matched the European Union emissions reductions without an overarching strategy for greenhouse gasses, while still growing its economy at nearly double the rate of the eurozone.
The initiative last year created a $1 billion fund to develop technologies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses in the sector as the world aims to shift towards a low-carbon economy.
There's now scientific consensus that as greenhouse gasses heat Earth, El Niño will not only intensify, it will appear more frequently, reducing the time that ecosystems need to naturally recover from its effects.
Here is a section of the transcript, in which Scalia spars with James R. Milkey, who was arguing on behalf of Massachusetts, which was seeking to force the EPA to regulate greenhouse gasses.
By striking contrast, Japan cut 4 percent of its greenhouse gasses largely after it started back into operation its nuclear energy industry, which had been severely curtailed after the Fukushima disaster in 2011.
Yet whether the mayor sees it or not, the ocean is rising due to warming waters and melting land-based ice sheets and glaciers caused in large part by human emissions of greenhouse gasses.
" [Sam Johnson, Congressman for the 3rd District of Texas] Call him: (469) 7133-0382 | Email him Poor climate change voting record "I do not support congressional action to reduce the output of greenhouse gasses.
Bolsonaro had described rainforest protections as an obstacle to Brazil's economic development, sparring with critics who say the Amazon absorbs vast amounts of greenhouse gasses and is crucial for efforts to contain climate change.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, livestock accounts for 14.5% of the world's greenhouse gasses each year — roughly equal to the emissions caused by trains, planes, cars, and ships.
In recent days, Mr. Trump withstood withering criticism from European counterparts who accused him of shirking America's role as a global leader and America's responsibility as history's largest emitter of planet-warming greenhouse gasses.
From 215 to 25.8, per capita CO1.923 emissions from factories, coal power plants and vehicles in China grew from 21.92 tons to 23.29 tons, and the country remains the largest emitter of all greenhouse gasses.
The politics of oil have changed too as the SNP has aggressively pursued reductions in Scotland's greenhouse gasses, making Scotland "on target" to generate 100 percent of its energy from renewable sources by next year.
On climate change issues, Tom Udall (D-NM) asked whether Chao's Department of Transportation will work to address greenhouse gasses and the results of climate change, noting the previous administration's work to do the same.
The strike will take place three days before the United Nations hosts the Climate Action Summit, where countries hope to increase the restrictions on greenhouse gasses that began with the Paris climate agreement in 2015.
A recent meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics reviewed every paper released on the topic and concluded corn ethanol offers an unimpressive 0.23 percent total reduction in greenhouse gasses relative to gasoline.
China overtook the US as the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gasses nearly a decade ago -- but in the developed world, the US is still the worst carbon polluter per capita, according to the World Bank.
In the years since Kivalina, reporting by InsideClimate News and others has shown that fossil fuel companies, Exxon in particular, conducted their own research in the 1970s and '80s confirming the risks posed by greenhouse gasses.
With the events of late, It's hard to disregard the relevance of human activity—particularly the creation of greenhouse gasses from burning fossil fuels— in accelerating climate change, which could be the cause of stronger storms.
Courts have largely interpreted that as studying how a project might contribute to climate, say by contributing heat-trapping greenhouse gasses, or how a project might be influenced by effects of climate change like extreme weather.
At the same time, it had already started to chip away at EPA's power to regulate greenhouse gasses in 2016 by halting enforcement of the Obama administration's Clean Power Plan aimed at curbing emissions from power plants.
"The world has taken an important step on the road to drastically reduce the production and consumption of powerful greenhouse gasses known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and limit global warming," the U.N. said in a press release Thursday.
This meeting was also supposed to review the question of whether the rich nations that are responsible for the bulk of greenhouse gasses should have to compensate poorer ones that are experiencing many of warming's worst effects.
The U.N. report, however, calls for a much larger return of farmland to natural habitat, as well as efforts to improve soil quality following decades of high emissions that have reduced the Earth's capacity to absorb greenhouse gasses.
The benefits of a robust tree canopy in the urban core are well known by now: Trees mitigate the effects of greenhouse gasses, cool city sidewalks and streets, reduce energy costs for buildings, absorb and filter storm water.
Agtech innovations are protecting crops and maximizing outputs — enabling structural changes in the agriculture system that could achieve important sustainability goals of lowering greenhouse gasses, reducing water use, ending deforestation and potentially even sequestering carbon back into soil.
According to a 2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, climate change will increase over this century, largely driven by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil that release heat-trapping greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.
"We looked at a model simulation -- where we were increasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses going off into the 21st century -- and as the climate continued to warm, the ratio continued to grow," said NCAR scientist Gerald Meehl.
High prices for carbon dioxide, against which most greenhouse gasses are prices, make it more expensive for firms to emit the pollutants and encourage investment in low carbon technology, such as wind and solar power or energy efficiency measures.
In 2014, 90 percent of people living in cities were breathing air that registers below WHO standards, and cities continue to contribute up to 80 percent of global greenhouse gasses, despite occupying only 3 percent of the earth's land.
If Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton is elected president, it'll fall on to her to pass additional policies and regulations to cut greenhouse gasses and make sure the US reaches its Paris targets — with or without the support of Congress.
Greenhouse gasses can be turned into cement, or even jewelry   The bipartisan Enhancing Fossil Fuel Energy Carbon Technology (EFFECT) Act is still floating through committees on Capitol Hill, but it demonstrates the united concern about carbon dioxide floating through our atmosphere.
Reducing food waste would also help fight climate change, campaigners say, as discarded food ends up in landfills where it rots, releasing harmful greenhouse gasses, while the water, energy and fuel needed to grow, store and transport it is wasted.
"Without a dedicated federal effort to reduce the quantity of greenhouse gasses that human activity releases into the atmosphere, climate change will continue to worsen and cause increasingly severe weather events, including hurricanes," the two senators wrote in the letter.
Counting carbon A recent study looking at how meatless days affected greenhouse gas and water footprints in 140 countries found that if everyone in the United States participated in a meatless day, they could cut greenhouse gasses by 22 percent.
After a three-year investigation provoked by InsideClimate News reporting, the New York attorney general put ExxonMobil on trial for investor fraud for its long history of hiding what it knew about the impact of greenhouse gasses and climate change.
The company frequently showed investors a number it called a "proxy cost" for greenhouse gasses as a way to assure them it was accounting for potential changes to government policy that would make producing and burning fossil fuels more expensive.
Researchers project that by the end of this century, the frequency of these abrupt transitions between wet and dry will increase by 20173 percent in Northern California and as much as double in Southern California if greenhouse gasses continue to increase.
The reasons behind this are seemingly endless: from multi-million dollar bribery scandals to derailing the ebb and flow of global soccer to Qatar's use of slavery to outrageous expenses to projected emissions of greenhouse gasses—the list goes on and on.
According to a new report from a United Nations panel of climate experts, the very industry that destroyed Paradise, Ky., is the one we must eliminate today or we will have no chance of curbing greenhouse gasses in time to prevent global catastrophe.
The talks he called address what might be the central issue of the climate debate head on: that the energy companies that helped produce much of the greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere must also be a central part of any solution to the problem.
"Basic physics tells you, if you have more greenhouse gasses in the air, you'll trap more heat on the planet, and if you trap more heat on the planet, the oceans will expand, glaciers will shrink, and you'll have sea level rise," said Kopp.
When pressed on what the administration was doing to combat the climate crisis, Mulvaney argued the White House would rather focus on cleaning up plastic in the oceans instead of clamping down on greenhouse gasses, as picking up trash is something people can actually see.
Replacing them with sources that do not emit greenhouse gasses will cost trillions of dollars; potentially increase energy costs for millions of families; and entail federal intervention in swaths of the economy, like transportation, where there is already a mixed record of government success.
To address the depleted water supply, California's farmers have pumped water from strained groundwater pools, and at the same time are using more fertilizer (whose production and use contribute to the increasing greenhouse gasses that affect the climate, encouraging the ongoing drought conditions in the state).
Known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), the prevalence of these gasses in the atmosphere is dwarfed by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses, but what they lack in numbers they make up for in efficiency: HFCs have up to 1000-times the heat trapping potential of carbon dioxide.
The amendment was challenged by activist group Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), which said while the change ignored the Air Quality Act requiring public comment, worse was that it risked intensifying respiratory diseases and environmental degradation already in areas with already high measures of SO23 and other greenhouse gasses.
As verbal supplements to the objects themselves, they link these chunks of snow-white plaster to polar phenomena, global climate change, fossil fuels, and greenhouse gasses — to which auto exhaust (in Paul Simon's dated but still pungent phrase, "the ol' Detroit perfume") is an indirect yet significant contributor.
The data—thermal infrared radiation measurements from NASA's MODIS instrument—allow him to estimate the intensity of fires burning around the world; how many emissions (like lung-aggravating aerosols and greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide) they're pumping into the atmosphere; and how those emissions affect global air quality.
Barrasso applauded Pruitt's work against Obama's EPA, saying he "stood up for Oklahomans against the EPA's extreme regulations on greenhouse gasses, methane emissions, and cross state air pollution," as well as challenging "unworkable" water rules and fighting Obama's interpretations of the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act.
The US is allegedly trying to blow up one of the top priorities the world's poorest nations are working to achieve at the meeting: a mechanism for developing nations hurt by climate change to seek compensation from the wealthy nations that emitted the largest share of greenhouse gasses.
"By reducing the amount of ozone depleting refrigerants and potent greenhouse gasses released into the atmosphere, this settlement will assist our efforts to control these two major global environmental problems," said Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden of the Department of Justice's Environment and Natural Resources Division, in a statement.
Airplanes emit greenhouse gasses, which contribute to climate change (to the point where some universities are asking scientists not to fly), and planes make a lot of noise—annoying if you live near an airport, and also linked to learning problems in kids and to heart attacks and strokes in adults.
For example, Alberta and Saskatchewan—the provincial seats of Canada's massive oil and gas industry—contribute far more greenhouse gasses in both raw and per capita terms than provinces such as British Columbia or Nova Scotia (Alberta's oil and gas sector alone accounts for roughly one-seventh of Canada's total emissions).
The agency said in a statement that China would create more than 13 million jobs in the renewable energy sector by 2020, curb the growth of greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming and reduce the amount of soot that in recent days has blanketed Beijing and other Chinese cities in a noxious cloud of smog.
I predict that with the climate crisis we will learn from our mistakes and take preventative measures to keep it at bay and become one with the world and realize that no matter how strong governments or military forces are the one ally we need is the planet and no other war matters other than the war on climate change and greenhouse gasses.
President TrumpDonald John TrumpFive environmental fights to watch in 2023 Lawmakers close to finalizing federal strategy to defend against cyberattacks The 7 big Supreme Court cases to watch in 2020 MORE, who has more bad blood with windmills than Sancho Panza, laid into his least favorite form of energy again over the weekend, blaming wind power for killing bald eagles while spewing greenhouse gasses into the air.
The 22020 Emissions Gap Report is the flagship annual report from the UN Environment Program and acts as a report card on how countries are doing on their individual contributions to the Paris Climate Agreement; it also helps determine the gap between those expected contributions and what will be necessary to stay within the range of 257 to 260 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial temperatures (before burning fossil fuels for industrial needs led to major increases in greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere).

No results under this filter, show 162 sentences.

Copyright © 2024 RandomSentenceGen.com All rights reserved.