134 Sentences With "geodesist" | Random Sentence Generator

Every geodesist I spoke with described the field with a barely contained sense of awe and excitement.

I'd like to think that there is at least one geodesist in the world who does crosswords and is happy for the representation.

After a brief hike around the Pyramid Lake Fault, we headed west into the backcountry toward Warm Springs, where geodesist Bill Hammond and paleoseismologist Rich Koehler were working with a pair of grad students.

It was named after French geodesist and mathematician Pierre Louis Maupertuis.

Ivan Mikhailovich Simonov (1794–1855) was a Russian astronomer and a geodesist.

Finn Bjørnseth (5 February 1892 - 5 May 1970) was a Norwegian geodesist and military officer.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Kavrayskiy (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Каврайский; 1884–1954) was a Soviet geodesist and cartographer.

The Davidson Current was discovered by the American geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor and engineer George Davidson.

Jean O'Brien Dickey (1945 – 2018) was a pioneering geodesist and particle physicist with expertise in Earth rotation.

Jakob Schive (29 April 1897 – 12 October 1969) was a Norwegian military officer, geodesist and Milorg pioneer.

Barnaba Oriani FRS FRSE (17 July 1752 - 12 November 1832) was an Italian priest, geodesist, astronomer and scientist.

Otto Hilgard Tittmann (August 20, 1850 – August 21, 1938) was an American geodesist, geographer, and astronomer of German descent.

George Davidson (May 9, 1825 – December 1, 1911) was a geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor and engineer in the United States.

Johannes Frischauf (17 September 1837 in Vienna – 7 January 1924 in Graz) was an Austrian mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geodesist and alpinist.

Friedrich Robert Helmert (July 31, 1843 - June 15, 1917) was a German geodesist and an important writer on the theory of errors.

Sir Edward Sabine (1788-1883), English astronomer and geodesist, was a member of the committee which planned the 1829 voyage of Foster in the Chanticleer.

Wilhelm Jordan (1 March 1842, Ellwangen, Württemberg – 17 April 1899, Hanover) was a German geodesist who conducted surveys in Germany and Africa and founded the German geodesy journal.

Pierre Bouguer () (16 February 1698, Croisic – 15 August 1758, Paris) was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer. He is also known as "the father of naval architecture".

Book cover of Logarytmy dlá szkół narodowych, 1787. Ignacy Zaborowski (1754–1803) was a Polish mathematician and geodesist; Piarist. He was a professor and rector of the Collegium Nobilium.

The US geodesist Hayford derived a global ellipsoid in ~1910, based on intercontinental isostasy and an accuracy of 200 m. It was adopted by the IUGG as "international ellipsoid 1924".

Petr Vaníček (born 1935 in Sušice, Czechoslovakia, today in Czech Republic) is a Czech Canadian geodesist and theoretical geophysicist who has made important breakthroughs in theory of spectral analysis and geoid computation.

"Romweg" map, 1500. "South-up" display, as all of Etzlaub's maps. Erhard Etzlaub (born ca. 1455[?]-1465 in Erfurt; died 1532 in Nuremberg), was an astronomer, geodesist, cartographer, instrument maker and physician.

Kristian Gleditsch Kristian Gleditsch, MBE (30 June 1901 – 7 April 1973) was a Norwegian civil engineer and geodesist. He served as and Director of the Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority from 1945 until 1971.

Křovák's projection is conic projection invented by Czech geodesist Josef Křovák. The projection is based on Bessel ellipsoid and it was made for the best projection of Czechoslovakia. It is used for State maps of the Czech Republic.

He graduated AGH University of Science and Technology and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He worked as geodesist. Since 1987 he worked in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship Office. Between 1998 and 2001 he was a Vice- Starosta of Bydgoszcz County ().

Mount Loodts () is a mountain, high, immediately east of Mount Lorette in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache, who named it for Jacques Loodts, geodesist with the expedition.

This minor planet was named after Swedish geodesist and astronomer Erik Tengström (1913–1996), emeritus professor at Uppsala University on the celebration of his 70th anniversary. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 March 1983 ().

Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections p. 169. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. . The development of the Bulgarian oblique stereographic projection was done for Romania by the Bulgarian geodesist, Hristow, in the late 1930s.

Nini (née Ingrid Margaret Haslund) was born in Moss as the daughter of deputy education officer Johannes Emmanuel Haslund and Aagot Mathilde Løken. She married fellow Mot Dag activist and geodesist Kristian Gleditsch in 1934. She died in Oslo in 1996.

After the war worked as a geodesist engineer at the State Planning Institute. Since 1959 he lived as a professional writer. He died on 7 November 1989 of a heart attack. He is buried in the churchyard of the village Lyubets (Vladimir Oblast).

"From this marriage Cassini had two sons; the younger, Jacques Cassini, succeeded him as astronomer and geodesist under the name of Cassini II." In 1711 Cassini went blind and he died on 14 September 1712 in Paris at the age of 87.

Karl-Rudolf Koch (born 30 July 1935) is a German geodesist and professor at the University of Bonn (FRG). In the global geodetic community, he is well known for his research work in geodetic statistics, particularly robust parameter estimation and in gravity field models.

Outside of his military career, Berg was also a topographer and geodesist, being one of the founding members of the Russian Geographical Society. He died in St. Petersburg in 1874 and was buried in his in the village of , Livonia (in now Pilskalns, Latvia).

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (, trans. Vasily Yakovlevich Struve; 15 April 1793 – ) was a Baltic German astronomer and geodesist from the famous Struve family. He is best known for studying double stars and for initiating a triangulation survey later named Struve Geodetic Arc in his honor.

2195 Tengström, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 September 1941, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and named for Swedish geodesist Erik Tengström.

This minor planet is named in honor of Russian astronomer and geodesist Ivan Danilovich Zhongolovich, who was the head of the Special Ephemeris Department at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (ITA) in St Petersburg. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 ().

Paul Helbronner (24 April 1871 – 18 October 1938) was a French topographer, alpinist and geodesist who pioneered cartography of the French Alps.Officiers topographes et Topographes-alpinistes dans les Alpes françaises, 1890-1940, Nicolas Guilhot Pointe Helbronner in the Mont Blanc massif is named in his honor.

5185 Alerossi, provisional designation ', is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 15 September 1990, by American astronomer Henry Holt at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was later named for Italian geodesist Alessandro Rossi.

2159 Kukkamäki, provisional designation , is a stony asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1941, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named after Finnish geodesist Tauno Kukkamäki.

There is a brief obituary in the but the Royal Society obituary and the Nature obituary are more comprehensive. For many years he was the most prominent geodesist in Britain.See the reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at the 1925 Southampton meeting in and .

Erik Tengström (1913-1996), Swedish astronomer and geodesist. Tengström was born in Motala, Sweden, and was a descendant of the first archbishop of Åbo Jacob Tengström. He enrolled in Stockholm University in 1932, where he studied astronomy, physics and geology. After teaching at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and while working as state geodesist at the Geographical Survey Office of Sweden (Rikets allmänna kartverk; RAK) 1949-1954, he completed his Licentiate in 1952 and his Ph.D. in geodesy at Uppsala University in 1954 with the dissertation Outlines of a method for determining the geoid in Sweden by free-air anomalies (published in Stockholm, also as Rikets allmänna kartverk. Meddelande. 22).

Helmert Bank () is a submarine bank in the Weddell Sea named for the German geodesist Friedrich Robert Helmert. The name was proposed by Dr. Heinrich Hinze of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, and was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in June 1997.

The Kavrayskiy Hills () are a line of mostly ice-covered coastal hills in Antarctica, rising south of Rennick Bay and along the west side of the lower end of Rennick Glacier. They were charted by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1958) and named after Vladimir V. Kavrayskiy, a Soviet geodesist and cartographer.

Arago Glacier was mapped by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from air photos taken by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956-57, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for François Arago, the French geodesist who first demonstrated the application of photography to mapmaking in 1839.

Lichte Trough () is an undersea trough named for Professor Heinrich Lichte (1910–1988), a geodesist who specialized in glaciology. The name was proposed by Dr. Heinrich Hinze of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, and was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in June 1997.

Picard is a lunar impact crater that lies in Mare Crisium. The crater is named for 17th century French astronomer and geodesist Jean Picard. It is the biggest non-flooded crater of this mare, being slightly larger than Peirce to the north-northwest. To the west is the almost completely flooded crater Yerkes.

1734 Zhongolovich, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous Dorian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1928, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was later named after Russian astronomer and geodesist Ivan Zhongolovich.

1907 Rudneva, provisional designation , is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 September 1972, by astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Soviet geodesist and war hero Yevgeniya Rudneva.

The minor planet was named in memory of Finnish scientist Henrik Johan Walbeck (1793–1822), astronomer and geodesist at the old Academia Aboensis who used the method of least squares to derive a good value for the Earth's flattening. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 ().

Möller Trough () is an undersea trough in the Weddell Sea named for geodesist Dietrich Möller, former President of the German Society for Polar Research. The name was proposed by Dr. Heinrich Hinze of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, and was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in June 1997.

Torben Tryde was son of geodesist Axel Tryde(1884-1939) and Edith Mathilde née Lohse(d. 1945). Torben Tryde had a twin sister Elin Tryde(1916-2003). He graduated from Sankt Jørgens High School in 1935. He went on to graduate from the Danish military Academy in 1939, and chose to continue his military career as a cavalry officer.

4391 Balodis, provisional designation , is a dark and rare Erigone asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Soviet–Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula, on 21 August 1977. The asteroid was named for Latvian geodesist Jānis Balodis.

Brigadier Guy Bomford (1899-1996) was a British geodesist. He worked at the Survey of India and the Corps of Royal Engineers. In 1947 he was appointed as reader in surveying and geodesy at the University of Oxford, holding this post until his retirement in 1966. In 1952 he published a book titled Geodesy which became widely circulated.

Tauno Kukkamäki in the early 1960s Tauno Johannes Kukkamäki (11 October 1909 – 1 May 1997) was a Finnish geodesist renowned especially for his research into levelling refraction. He defended his doctoral thesis in University of Turku in 1940 on the metrology of length by means of the Väisälä comparator.Kukkamäki, Tauno Johannes (1909–1997). Kansallisbiografia. (Requires subscription.) 21 March 2005.

This minor planet was named after Finnish geodesist Tauno Kukkamäki (1909–1997), who was the director of the Finnish Geodetic Institute for many years and the president of the International Association of Geodesy. He was also a distinguished disciple of Yrjö Väisälä. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 ().

Mauritius Vogt Vogt was born in Bad Königshofen, Bavaria. As a child he came with his father, a geodesist, to a monastery in Plasy in Western Bohemia. He was educated there, before studying Philosophy and Theology at Charles University in Prague. After graduating, he returned to Plasy and joined the order in 1692, taking the monastic name Mauritius.

Arne Bjerhammar (September 15, 1917 – February 6, 2011) was a Swedish geodesist. He was professor at Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. He was born in Båstad, Scania in the south of Sweden. He developed a method used to determine the geoid in gravimetric data, as well as a system for electro-optical measuring of distances.

The crew set sail from Oslo on board two whaling ships, the Polarsirkel and Polarbjørn, on 10 November 1956. The expedition was led by Sigurd Gunnarson Helle, a geodesist at Norsk Polarinstitutt. It included a total crew of fourteen researchers which was reduced to nine during the third year. Among their activities were topological mapping of the region.

Hans-Georg Wenzel 1998 Hans-Georg Wenzel (3 February, 1945 – 11 November, 1999), also known as George Wenzel, was a German geodesist, geophysicist and university lecturer. His most important field of work was physical geodesy, where he worked after his dissertation on earth tides with geophysical measurements up to global models of the earth gravity field.

Adolf von Baeyer's father, Prussian lieutenant-general Johann Jacob Baeyer, the noted geodesist Baeyer was born in Berlin as the son of the noted geodesist and lieutenant-general in the Royal Prussian Army Johann Jacob Baeyer and his wife Eugenie Baeyer née Hitzig (1807–1843). Both his parents were Lutherans at the time of his birth and he was raised in the Lutheran religion.Baeyer, Adolf Ritter von in Deutsche Biographie His mother was the daughter of Julius Eduard Hitzig and a member of the originally Jewish Itzig family, and had converted to Christianity before marrying his father, who was of non-Jewish German descent. Baeyer had four sisters: Clara (born 1826) Emma (born 1831), Johanna (Jeanette) (born 1839), Adelaide (died 1843) and two brothers: Georg (born 1829) and Edward (born 1832).

Messent Peak () is one of the Bristly Peaks, rising to about just west of Brodie Peak and southwest of Mount Castro in the central Antarctic Peninsula. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1977 for David R. Messent, a geodesist at the U.S. Army Topographic Command (later the Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Center), Palmer Station, winter party 1969.

Yet this fact alone makes her one of the most renowned geodesists of all times, because, according to Chovitz, the third quarter of the twentieth century witnessed "the transition of geodesy from a regional to a global enterprise.""Irene K. Fischer, Geodesist." By Wendy J. W. Straight. NEWSLETTER NO. 2/05, JOINT COMMISSION WORKING GROUP ON UNDER-REPRESENTED GROUPS IN SURVEYING.

Col Alexander Ross Clarke FRS FRSE (1828–1914) was a British geodesist, primarily remembered for his calculation of the Principal Triangulation of Britain (1858), the calculation of the Figure of the Earth (1858, 1860, 1866, 1880) and one of the most important text books of Geodesy (1880). He was an officer of the Royal Engineers employed on the Ordnance Survey.

Felix Andries Vening Meinesz (30 July 1887 – 10 August 1966) was a Dutch geophysicist and geodesist. He is known for his invention of a precise method for measuring gravity. Thanks to his invention, it became possible to measure gravity at sea, which led him to the discovery of gravity anomalies above the ocean floor. He later attributed these anomalies to continental drift.

Georgiasaurus ("Georgy's lizard"; after V. A. Otschev's father, Georgy Otschev, a geodesist who died shortly before Otschev published the description in 1976) is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Russia. Otschev (or Ochev) originally named the specimen Georgia, but that name was preoccupied (Baird & Girrard, 1853). Originally a complete skeleton, the specimen was damaged in preparation of the quarry stone.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the sun to another star by the method of parallax. A special type of mathematical functions were named Bessel functions after Bessel's death, though they had originally been discovered by Daniel Bernoulli and then generalised by Bessel.

John Fillmore Hayford (May 19, 1868 – March 10, 1925) was an eminent United States geodesist. His work involved the study of isostasy and the construction of a reference ellipsoid for approximating the figure of the Earth. The crater Hayford on the far side of the Moon is named after him. Mount Hayford, a 1,871 m mountain peak near Metlakatla, Alaska, United States, is named after him.

He was a research assistant for Carl Størmer, and was hired as a geodesist at the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1949. He did field work at Jan Mayen and Svalbard, but is best known for leading the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition to Queen Maud Land in 1956–1960. He retired in 1987. The Helle Slope and the Sigurd Knolls in Antarctica are named for him.

Teofil Żebrawski, self-portrait, 1830 Teofil Żebrawski (1800–1887) was a Polish mathematician, bibliographer, architect, biologist, archeologist, cartographer and geodesist; an erudite and polymath. Pioneer of the modern Polish mathematical bibliography. He was an author of works mainly about road, iron road and bridge constructions, cartography, topography and entomology. Author of Polish, French and German dictionary of architecture, building engineering and materials science terms.

Edvard Jäderin, a Swedish geodesist, had invented a method of measuring geodetic bases, based on the use of taut wires under a constant effort. However, before the discovery of invar, this process was much less precise than the classic method. Charles-Édouard Guillaume demonstrated the effectiveness of Jäderin's method, improved by the use of invar's threads. He measured a base in the Simplon Tunnel in 1905.

Mount Blachnitzky is a mountain summit in the city and borough of Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is a part of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in western North America. It is located between Gilkey Glacier and Avalanche Canyon; it is named after Klaus Blachnitzky (1921-1988), a surveyor, geodesist, and explorer of the Juneau Icefield. Mr. Blachnitzky was the head surveyor for the Juneau Icefield Research Program.

Harper Glacier () is a small tributary glacier which descends northeast between Mount Gibbs and Mount Adamson of the Deep Freeze Range to enter Campbell Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Wayne M. Harper, a satellite geodesist at McMurdo Station, 1964–65.

Véronique Dehant is a Belgian geodesist and geophysicist. She specializes in modeling the deformation of the Earth's interior in response to forcing from the Sun, Moon, and the Earth's rotation. She has used similar techniques to study Mercury, Venus, Mars and icy satellites of the outer planets. She primarily works at the Royal Observatory of Belgium, but also serves as an Extraordinary Professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain.

After studying in the Eötvös Lóránd Geophysical Institute, he worked as a geodesist and tried unsuccessfully entrance exams to various universities in the next twelve years. Finally, in 1962, he was admitted to the night school section of the Financial and Accounting College (today a faculty of the Budapest Business School). He obtained an economist degree there in 1966. He earned the degree of auditor's qualification in June 1973.

Joseph's father worked as a teacher at the evangelical school in Szepesbéla, as well as an organist in Szepesbéla and later in Késmárk. He was also a conductor and a geodesist in Lőcse. He had a reputation as an outstanding musician and composer, who was also gifted mechanically. In 1824, he was awarded two patents: one for improvements to the pendulum clock and the other for a "polygraph" (typewriter).

Krystyna M. Skarżyńska (Krystyna Maria Skarżyńska) (born May 2, 1934) is a Polish geotechnical engineer, surveying engineer (, literalliy "geodesist"), hydrologist, and educator. Prof. dr hab. inż. Krystyna M. Skarżyńska Born in Żnin, she earned master's degree in water construction engineering from the Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology (1956) and doctoral degree in technical sciences (1964) and the dr. hab. degree in technical sciences (1970) both from the Warsaw University of Technology .

The first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures was the Spanish geodesist Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero. He also was the president of the Permanent Commission of the Europäische Gradmessung from 1874 to 1886. In 1886 the association changed name for the International Geodetic Association and Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero was reelected as president. He remained in this position until his death in 1891.

Chronocinematograph is an astronomical instrument consisting of a film camera, chronometer and chronograph. The device records images using a more precise timetable for observing an eclipse. It was invented in 1927 by a Polish astronomer, mathematician and geodesist Tadeusz Banachiewicz for observing total solar eclipses. During the same year, Banachiewcz used his device for solar observations in Lapland (Sweden), then in USA (1932) and Greece, Japan and Siberia (1936).

McDaniel Nunatak () is a ridgelike projection at the north side of the head of Davis Glacier, about north of Mount George Murray, in the Prince Albert Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for James R. McDaniel, a satellite geodesist with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1966.

This minor planet was named by Polish astronomer Tadeusz Banachiewicz (1882–1954) after his wife Laura de Sołohub Dikyj. Banachiewicz was also a prominent mathematician and geodesist, as well as the vice-president of the International Astronomical Union in the 1930s. The asteroid 1286 Banachiewicza, also discovered by Sylvain Arend, was named in his honor. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ().

Johann Jacob Baeyer, painted by Paul Stankiewicz Johann Jacob Baeyer (born 5 November 1794 in Berlin, died 10 September 1885 in Berlin) was a German geodesist and a lieutenant-general in the Royal Prussian Army. He was the first director of the Royal Prussian Geodetic Institute and is regarded as the founder of the International Association of Geodesy. He was the father of the Nobel Prize–winning chemist Adolf von Baeyer. Baeyer was a Lutheran.

Bjørnseth graduated from the Norwegian Military College in 1915. He graduated in astronomy from the University of Oslo in 1923, and further studied geodesy and related subjects in France and Switzerland from 1927 to 1928. He worked as geodesist for the Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority from 1918 to 1939. From 1939 to 1959 he assumed administrative positions in the municipalities of Aker and Oslo, from 1952 as head of surveying in Oslo.

Hobrecht was born as the son of the estate owner Ludolph Hobrecht and his wife Isabella (born Johnson) in East Prussian Memel. His elder brother Arthur Hobrecht would later become the mayor of Berlin. In 1834 his father was called to the royal economic council and the family moved to Königsberg. In 1841, Hobrecht broke off his school education and began an apprenticeship as geodesist (professional land surveyor) for which he passed examination in 1845.

Leszek Cichy in winter 1980, after first winter ascent of Mount Everest, presents note which Ray Genet left on top of Mount Everest in 1979. Leszek Roman Cichy () is a Polish mountaineer, geodesist, financier, and entrepreneur. He was born in Pruszków, Poland on November 14, 1951. He is best known for making the first winter ascent of Mount Everest together with Krzysztof Wielicki in 1980 which established the winter ascent record of 8,848 meters.

Fyodor Fyodorovich Luzhin (Russian: Федор Федорович Лужин) (died 1727) was a Russian geodesist and cartographer. Fyodor Luzhin was first a student at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Moscow and then in a geodesic class of the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg (until 1718). In 1719–1721, Luzhin took part in drawing a map of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands together with Ivan Yevreinov. In 1723–1724, he made surveys of different parts of East Siberia.

Tor Fredrik Rasmussen (2 March 1926 – 18 May 2017) was a Norwegian geographer. He was born in Flekkefjord. After finishing his secondary education he studied at the University of Oslo and worked as a geodesist in the Norwegian Geological Survey. He graduated with the mag.art. degree in 1952, and after spells as research assistant at the University of Oslo and research fellow at NAVF he was hired as a lecturer at the University of Oslo in 1960.

The Hothem Cliffs () are a line of abrupt rock cliffs at the north side of the head of Canada Glacier in the Asgard Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1997 after Larry D. Hothem, an American geodesist who wintered-over with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions at Mawson Station in 1969, and with the United States Geological Survey from 1991. Just west of the cliffs is Unwin Ledge.

Elena Blaramberg was born in Orenburg to her Belgian father, a military geodesist Ivan Fyodorovich Blaramberg, who served as a general in the Russian army, and her Greek mother Elena Pavlovna, née Mavromikhali. In 1854, her parents moved Elena and her two brothers from Orenburg to Saint Petersburg. There, she was educated by tutors, and passed the government examination required to become a teacher.Апрелева - Бларамберг at the Granat Institute Encyclopedic Dictionary // Энциклопедический словарь Русского библиографического института Гранат.

H. J. Walbeck as drawn by Gustaf Wilhelm Finnberg shortly after his death. Henrik Johan Walbeck (October 11, 1793 – October 23, 1822) was a Finnish geodesist and astronomer who studied the size and figure of the Earth by means of grade measurement. Walbeck was born in Turku (Åbo). In 1817, he was made a corresponding member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and, in 1820, of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Mathematische Gesellschaft in Hamburg.

He had served as a customs officer in the Danish West Indies but later settled as a merchant in Copenhagen. He was the father of military officer and geodesist Georg Zachariae and the grandfather of Francis Zachariae. He sold the estate to Georg Flemming Windersleff in 1832 and would later purchase Sophienberg and Nygård at Kongens Lyngby. The estate changed hands many times over the next decades. It was in 1881 acquired by Gustav Grüner (1839-1928).

Hugershoff Cove () is a cove lying less than south of Louise Island and Emma Island, and northwest of Beaupré Cove in Wilhelmina Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for Carl R. Hugershoff (1882–1941), a German geodesist who designed the autocartograph, an instrument which first applied the principles of photogrammetry to air photos, in about 1921.

There is some evidence that doctor Stein who measured atmospheric pressure and geodesist Hockley shared information with Russian sailors and professor Simonov. Painter Mikhailov depicted landscapes and portraits of aborigines. From the scientific point of view, botanic observations were especially notable – "Herbarium" on "Vostok" included no less than 25 types of South Walles endemism. The crew gave to governor Macquarie and captain of the harbour John Piper some saccharum officinarum, sprouted coconuts and taro from Tahiti and Fiji islands, for plant breeding.

This minor planet was named after Latvian cosmic geodesist Jānis Balodis, head of the Astronomical Observatory at University of Latvia. Balodis research includes astrometry, observations of artificial satellites using laser, as well as computational methods for astrometric interpretations of photographic plates. The Crimean minor planet service has used his algorithms for a long time. (The honored astronomer should not to be confused with Soviet army General Jānis Balodis.) The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 September 1992 ().

Josef Schnitter (1852–1914). Josef Schnitter (, Yosif Shniter; 6 October 1852–26 April 1914) was a Czech–Bulgarian architect, engineer and geodesist credited with shaping the modern appearance of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second- largest city. Schnitter was born in the small town of Nový Bydžov in Bohemia, Austrian Empire (today in the Czech Republic). He graduated from the University of Technology's Faculty of Construction in the imperial capital Vienna and then moved to the Russian Empire, where he converted to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

He represented Spain at the 1875 conference of the Metre Convention, which was ratified the same year in Paris. The Spanish geodesist was elected as the first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. His activities resulted in the distribution of a platinum and iridium prototype of the metre to all States parties to the Metre Convention during the first meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1889. Theses prototypes defined the metre right up until 1960.

Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero's presidency was confirmed at the first meeting of the International Committee for Weights and Measures, on 19 April 1875. Three other members of the committee, the German astronomer, Wilhelm Foerster, the Swiss meteorologist and physicist, Heinrich von Wild representing Russia, and the Swiss geodesist of German origin, Adolphe Hirsch were also among the main architects of the Metre Convention. In recognition of France's role in designing the metric system, the BIPM is based in , just outside Paris.

Liu Jingnan (; born July 1, 1943) is a Chinese geodesist and educator. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at the Wuhan Institute of Surveying and Mapping (now the School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University), and worked at Hunan Provincial Coalfield Physical Test Team, Xiangtan Mining Institute and Wuhan University. In 1999, he was elected a member of Chinese Academy of Engineering. He served as the president of Wuhan University from 2003 to 2008, and the president of Duke Kunshan University from 2012.

Karl Ramsayer (29 September 1911, Schwäbisch GmündGroße Kreisstadt Schwäbisch Gmünd. Personalia in ostalb einhorn. Vierteljahreshefte für Heimat und Kultur im Ostalbkreis, Nr. 37/38, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Einhorn-Verlag E. Dietenberger GmbH und Ostalbverlag – Schwäbischer Heimatverlag Dietenberger & Theiss oHG, Schwäbisch Gmünd und Aalen, 1983, P. 148 - 24 December 1982, near Stuttgart) was a German geodesist and is well known as one of the most important scientists in geodetic astronomy and in electronic navigation. In the 1950s Ramsayer became professor at the Geodetic Institute of the University of Stuttgart.

A modern understanding of the Lehmann discontinuity: velocity of seismic S-waves in the Earth near the surface in three tectonic provinces: TNA = Tectonic North America SNA = Shield North America and ATL = North Atlantic.Figure patterned after ; Original figure attributed to Grand and Helmberger (1984) In 1925 Lehmann's seismology career began as she became an assistant to the geodesist Niels Erik Nørlund. She was paired with three other assistants who had never so much as seen a seismograph before. She began the task of setting up seismological observatories in Denmark and Greenland.

Ivan Mikhaylovich Yevreinov () (1694-February 3 O.S. 1724) was a Russian geodesist and explorer. Ivan Yevreinov was born in Poland, then brought to Russia and baptized into Orthodox Christianity. Ivan Yevreinov was first a student at the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation (from 1714) and then in a geodesic class of the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. In 1719, Ivan Yevreinov was sent to Kamchatka and Kuril Islands by the order of Peter the Great to secretly perform cartography together with Fyodor Luzhin and find if America and Asia are joined together.

This minor planet was named after the city of Jihlava in the Czech Republic. The Moravian town, by the river of the same name was founded in the 11th century and is the country's oldest mining town with a community that prospered from rich silver deposits. The municipal and mining laws of Jihlava were to become a model for analogous regulations all over the world. The name was proposed by astronomer Ivo Baueršíma, a geodesist at the University of Berne and co-discoverer of the minor planet 9711 Želetava, in honor of his native town.

Friedrich Hopfner (28 October 1881 - 5 September 1949) was an Austrian geodesist, geophysicist and planetary scientist. As an officer of the Austro- Hungarian Empire he began his scientific work at the Bureau of Meteorology. In 1921 he became Chief Astronomer at the new Geodetic Survey of Austria (Federal Office for Metrology and Survey or Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen). From 1936 to 1942 and from 1945 to 1949 he was a Professor at the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) and over the 1948-9 term he was the university's rector.

This minor planet was named after French geodesist and mathematician Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759), who was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and chief of the French Geodesic Mission to the Tornio river valley in Lapland, Finland, to conducted the degree measurement of the meridian (1736–1737), which determined that the Earth is oblate rather than prolate (see spheroid), as proposed by his rival Jacques Cassini. The was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 June 1991 (). The lunar crater Maupertuis was also named in his honor.

Stjepan Horvat (November 29, 1895 - March 12, 1985) was a Croatian geodesist and professor, dean of the Technical Faculty in Zagreb, head of the University of Zagreb, editor of the journals Geodetski list and Hrvatska državna izmjera, manager of the Department for State Survey in the Croatian Headquarters for Public Affairs, member of the State Land Consolidation Commission, colonel in the time of the Independent State of Croatia, adviser at the Military- Geography Institute in Argentina for 40 years and an honorary member of the Argentine Association of Geophysicists.

This minor planet was named after Polish astronomer Tadeusz Banachiewicz (1882–1954), who was also a prominent mathematician and geodesist, as well as the director of the Kraków Observatory () and vice- president of the International Astronomical Union in the 1930s. The subsequently numbered asteroid 1287 Lorcia – also discovered by Sylvain Arend, and also an Eoan asteroid – was named after his wife. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (). The lunar crater Banachiewicz was also named in his honor.

Commemorative plaque - Monument to the glory of the Geodesists on the road to the col du Soulor in the Pyrenees. Engineer geographer and geodesist, he was one of the first geodesic officers charged in 1825 with the triangulation of the Pyrenees in order to establish the map of France, together with his colleague Paul-Michel Hossard. By necessity of service and together with the officers Corabœuf and Testuhe, he was also one of the first pyreneists. He made the first ascents of the Pyrenean peaks Palas, Balaïtous and Saint-Barthélemy.

This includes proposals from Karl Friedrich Schinkel and planning maps from Johann Carl Ludwig Schmid dating to 1825 and 1830. Peter Joseph Lenné proposed a wider regional planning in 1840 named "Projektierte Schmuck- und Grenzzüge von Berlin mit nächster Umgebung" (projected decorative and boundary lines of Berlin and its immediate vicinity). All the persons were well-renowned architects and city planners. Hobrechtsfelde Hobrecht was instead a geodesist (professional land surveyor) who had just extended his formation with a civil engineer examination on transportation planning ("Wasser-, Wege- und Eisenbahnbaumeisterprüfung") in 1858.

The first European to reach the Bering Strait was the Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. He reported two islands whose natives had bone lip ornaments, but it is not certain that these were the Diomedes. Danish navigator Vitus Bering re-discovered the Diomede Islands while leading a Russian expedition on 16 August (O.S., 26 August N.S.) 1728, the day when the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the martyr St. Diomede (hence, the name of the islands). In 1732, a Russian geodesist, Mikhail Gvozdev, determined longitude and latitude for the two islands.

Carl Ernst Bessel Hagen was born in Königsberg (rebuilt and relaunched as Kaliningrad after 1945), eldest of the three recorded sons of the banker-politician Adolf Hermann Hagen (1820–1894) by his first marriage, which was to Johanna Louise Amalie Bessel (1826–1856). Both his grandfathers were distinguished members of the German academic community. Carl Heinrich Hagen (1785–1856) was a socio-economist, a professor of jurisprudence and, between 1811 and 1835, a senior Prussian government official (Regierungsrat). Friedrich Bessel (1784 - 1846) was a pioneering astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist.

The Metre Convention was signed in 1875 in Paris and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures was created under the supervision of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. The first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures was the Spanish geodesist Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero. He also was the president of the Permanent Commission of the Europäische Gradmessung from 1874 to 1886. In 1886 the association changed name for the International Geodetic Association (German: Internationale Erdmessung) and Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero was reelected as president.

The German-Soviet Alay-Pamir Expedition (also known as the German-Russian Alay-Pamir Expedition) was undertaken in 1928 by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Emergency Association of German Science. Along with the scientists, four mountaineers from the German and Austrian Alpine Club also participated. The five-month-long expedition to the Alay Valley and the Trans- Alay Range in Pamir was under the direction of Nikolai Petrovich Gorbunov and the organizational leadership of Willi Rickmer Rickmers. The deputy expedition leader was the geodesist and cartographer Richard Finsterwalder.

27th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, A. Singh, ed., Los Alamitos, CA, USA, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1993. Petr Vaníček, a Canadian geodesist of the University of New Brunswick, also proposed the matching- pursuit approach, which he called "successive spectral analysis" and the result a "least-squares periodogram", with equally and unequally spaced data, in 1969. He generalized this method to account for systematic components beyond a simple mean, such as a "predicted linear (quadratic, exponential, ...) secular trend of unknown magnitude", and applied it to a variety of samples, in 1971.

General François Perrier François Perrier (18 April 1833 - 20 February 1888) was a French soldier and geodesist. Perrier was born at Valleraugue (Gard), descended from a family of Protestants, of Cevennes. After finishing his studies at the Lyceum of Nimes and at St. Barbe College, he was admitted to the Polytechnic School in 1853, leaving in 1857 as a staff officer. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1857, captain in 1860, major of cavalry in 1874, lieutenant-colonel in 1879, and he received his brigadier-general's star the year before his death.

Since then he has continued to travel extensively, discovering and revisiting remote locations in India, Asia Minor and North Africa. In 1998 he was artist in residence on an expedition to Mount Kailash,Andrew Lambirth,Psychological Geodesist,Pilgrim, Art First (February 1998), a holy mountain in western Tibet. Since his first exhibition in 1990 he has had twelve one man shows in London, Paris and New York. His work was inspired by the landscapes of Osea Island where he rented a cottage with his family for many years.

Reino Antero Hirvonen (1908-1989) was a famous Finnish physical geodesist, also well known for contributions in mathematical and astronomical geodesy. He worked at first at the Finnish Geodetic Institute under W.A. Heiskanen on gravimetric geoid determination, publishing his dissertation The Continental Undulations of the Geoid in 1934 on the determination of a global geoid model from only 4500 data points. In 1950 he succeeded Heiskanen as Professor of Geodesy at the Helsinki University of Technology. He also took an active interest in astronomy, acting from 1956 to 1964 as a vice president of the Finnish amateur astronomical society Ursa.

Anny Cazenave () is a French space geodesist and one of the pioneers in satellite altimetry. She works for the French space agency CNES and has been deputy director of the Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale (LEGOS) at Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées in Toulouse since 1996. Since 2013, she is director of Earth sciences at the International Space Sciences institute (ISSI), in Bern (Switzerland). As one of the leading scientists in the joint French/American satellite altimetry missions TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and the Ocean Surface Topography Mission, she has contributed to a greater understanding of sea level rise caused by global warming.

Abbé Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, formerly sometimes spelled de la Caille, (; 15 March 1713 – 21 March 1762)The traditional birth date of 15 March 1713 has been questioned due to many infants of the Catholic Church being baptised on the day of their birth in the 17th and 18th centuries. Thomas Hockey et al.: The Biographical Dictionary of Astronomers, Springer, 2007, , p665; and his baptism date is 15 December 1713; babies were normally baptised on the day that they were born. . see page 459 was a French astronomer and geodesist who named 14 out of the 88 constellations.

Luíz Cruls or Luís Cruls or Louis Ferdinand Cruls (21 January 1848 – 21 June 1908) was a Belgian-Brazilian astronomer and geodesist. He was Director of the Brazilian National Observatory from 1881 to 1908, led the commission charged with the survey and selection of a future site for the capital of Brazil in the Central Plateau, and was co-discoverer of the Great Comet of 1882. Cruls was also an active proponent of efforts to accurately measure solar parallax and towards that end led a Brazilian team in their observations of 1882 Transit of Venus in Punta Arenas, Chile.

View of the caves showing the two pendulums The Grotta Gigante horizontal pendulums are a pair of tiltmeters used for monitoring Earth movements, mounted in the Grotta Gigante in Italy. The horizontal pendulums, installed by the geodesist Antonio Marussi in 1959, are sensitive to deviations of the vertical, to rotations and shearing of the cave. The pendulum beam is suspended horizontally by two steel wires, an upper one fixed to the roof of the cave, the lower one fixed to the floor. The pendulum beam rotates in the horizontal plane around a virtual near-to-vertical axis that passes through the upper and lower mounting points.

In the meantime, she studied seismology on her own. She went abroad for three months to study seismology with leading experts in the field such as Beno Gutenberg, who had determined the distance to the core-mantle boundary within 15 km of the presently accepted value. Based on her studies in seismology, in 1928 she earned the magister scientiarum degree (equivalent to an MA) in geodesy and accepted a position as state geodesist and head of the department of seismology at the Geodetical Institute of Denmark led by Nørlund. Lehmann looked into improving the co-ordination and analysis of measurements from Europe's seismographic observatories, as well as many other scientific endeavours.

Grade measurement is the geodetic determination of the local radius of curvature of the figure of the Earth by determining the difference in astronomical latitude between two locations on the same meridian, the metric distance between which is known. The first known grade measurement was performed by Eratosthenes (240 BC) between Alexandria and Syene in what is now Egypt, determining the radius of the Earth with remarkable correctness. The Dutch geodesist Snellius (~1620) repeated the experiment between Alkmaar and Bergen op Zoom using more modern geodetic instrumentation. Later grade measurements aimed at determining the flattening of the Earth ellipsoid by measuring at different geographic latitudes.

Kutal was born into the family of state geodesist František Kutal in the predominantly Catholic town of Hranice na Moravě, Moravia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (in the sub-region of Záhoří, today in the Czech Republic).Personal profile The Brno encyclopedia (in Czech) He graduated from secondary school in 1923 and went on to attend the University of Brno (1923-1928), where he was a student of Eugen Dostál and wrote his dissertation on the Romanesque and Gothic sculpture in the arch of the Porta coeli Convent in Tišnov, Moravia. He taught at Brno, and briefly lectured in Paris, Brussels, Leuven, Bonn, Vienna and Graz.

In the summer of 1962, two more rockets, Cedar llB and Cedar llC, were launched to a distance of 20 km. Due to the successes of the HCRS, new members joined and a new group was formed in 1962, it was called the Lebanese Rocket Society (LRS). The LRS was directed by a main committee of six members: Mr. M. Manougian of Haigazian College (director), Dr. P. Mourad of AUB (advisor), Mr. Karamanougian of Haigazian college, Mr. J. Sfeir (electronic engineer), Mr. E. Kai (engineer geodesist), and an officer expert in ballistics (granted by the Army). Further tests were planned on design and construction of multistage rockets.

Here was found the method of least squares applied to the calculation of a network of triangles and the reduction of the observations generally. The systematic manner in which all the observations were taken with the view of securing final results of extreme accuracy was admirable. Bessel was also the first scientist who realised the effect later called personal equation, that several simultaneously observing persons determine slightly different values, especially recording the transition time of stars. Most of the relevant theories were then derived by the German geodesist Friedrich Robert Helmert in his famous books Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie, Einleitung und 1.

Map of the New Discoveries in the Eastern Ocean WDL126 Mikhail Spiridonovich Gvozdev () (1700-04 — after 1759) was a Russian military geodesist and a commander of the expedition to northern Alaska in 1732, when the Alaskan shore was for the first time sighted by Russians. In 1732, together with the participants of the first Kamchatka expedition navigators Ivan Fedorov and K. Moshkov, Gvozdev in Sviatoi Gavriil (St. Gabriel) sailed to Dezhnev Cape, the easternmost point of Asia. From there, after having replenished the water supply on 5 August, 'Sviatoi Gavriil' sailed east and soon came near the American mainland at Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska.

Dr Alwyn Robbins, 1920 – 10 January 2002) was a distinguished British geodesist, being Chairman of the Royal Society's Geodesy Subcommittee, and was a Founding Fellow of St Cross College in Oxford. Robbins' scientific publications covered a wide field in Geodesy and Photogrammetry, with outstanding contributions to knowledge in Geodetic astronomy and the design and development of the Chronochord (printing crystal clock). His scientific achievements were recognised by the International Association of Geodesy which elected him Secretary of Section (Control Surveys) of the Association, and President of the Special Study Group on Geodetic Astronomy. He was a United Kingdom delegate to many international scientific assemblies and symposia.

Pointe Helbronner () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the Graian Alps on the watershed between France and Italy. The peak, which used to be a mere geodetic reference point, was named after Paul Helbronner, a French polytechnicien, alpinist and geodesist who pioneered cartography of the French Alps. Pointe Helbronner is served on the Italian side by the Skyway Monte Bianco, a cable car from La Palud, a village north of the town of Courmayeur in the Aosta Valley. Pointe Helbronner is also served by the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway, which crosses from the peak to the nearby peak of Aiguille du Midi in France--a peak-to-peak distance of .

In 1805 a Swiss geodesist Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler brought copies of the French metre and kilogram to the United States. In 1830 the Congress decided to create uniform standards for length and weight in the United States. Hassler was mandated to work out the new standards and proposed to adopt the metric system. The Congress opted for the British Parliamentiary Standard from 1758 and the Troy Pound of Great Britain from 1824 as length and weight standards. Nevertheless the primary baseline of the US Coast Survey was measured in 1834 at Fire Island using four two-metre iron bars constructed after Hassler's specification in the United Kingdom and brought back in the United States in 1815.

One "Erhart Etzlauber" became a citizen of Nuremberg in 1484, but his profession was not recorded on that occasion. Assuming that the "Eberhardus Eczleiben" who matriculated at the Erfurter Hochschule in 1468 is very probably the same person, then the year of his birth should be between 1455-1460 rather than later. From letters from a third party dated 1500 and 1507, we learn that he was a well-known instrument ("compass") maker and a geodesist, and from a letter dated 1517, that "he had also practicised as a physician for at least four years" and that he "comes from Erfurt". In 1515, he declared himself to be an "astronomer and physician, from Erfurt University".

At the end of 1928 the Central Research Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Surveying and Cartography (TsNIIGAiK) was founded on his initiative; he worked there as a director (1928–1930) and as a deputy director of science (1930–1937). Between 1924 and 1930 Krasovsky headed astronomical, geodetical and cartographical works in the USSR. He worked out the theory and methods of construction of the national geodetical network of the USSR and solved related problems of topography and gravimetry works.Guelke Krasovsky and another Soviet geodesist, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Izotov, in 1940 defined dimensions of an ellipsoid which was named the Krasovsky ellipsoid and was later used as a reference ellipsoid in the USSR and other countries until the 1990s.p.

The Hayford ellipsoid is a geodetic reference ellipsoid, named after the US geodesist John Fillmore Hayford (1868-1925), which was introduced in 1910. The Hayford ellipsoid was also referred to as the International ellipsoid 1924 after it had been adopted by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics IUGG in 1924, and was recommended for use all over the world. Many countries retained their previous ellipsoids. The Hayford ellipsoid is defined by its semi-major axis a = 6,378,388.000 and its flattening f = 1:297.00. Unlike some of its predecessors, such as the Bessel ellipsoid (a = 6,377,397 m, f = 1:299,15), which was a European ellipsoid, the Hayford ellipsoid also included measurements from North America, as well as other continents (to a lesser extent).

Spain notably supported France for this outcome and the first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures, the Spanish geodesist, Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero received the Grand Officer medal of the Légion d'Honneur for his diplomatic role on this issue and was awarded the Poncelet Prize for his scientific contribution to metrology. Indeed, as Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero was collaborating with the French on the Paris meridian arc (West Europe-Africa Meridian-arc) remeasurement since 1853, and was president of both the Permanent Committee of the International Metre Commission since 1872 and the Permanent Commission of the International Association of Geodesy since 1874, he was to play a pivotal role in reconciling French and German interests.

Due to the successes of the HCRS new members joined and a new group was formed in 1962, it was called the Lebanese Rocket Society (LRS). The LRS was directed by a main committee of six members: Mr. M. Manougian of Haigazian College (Director), Dr. P. Mourad of AUB (advisor), Mr. Karamanougian of Haigazian college, Mr.J. Sfeir (Electronic engineer), Mr, E. Kai (Engineer geodesist), and an officer expert in ballistics (granted by the Army). Further tests were planned on design and construction of multistage rockets. Mr. Hart supervised the works of the HCRS while Mr. Manougian was in the U.S.A. Members of the HCRS at the College were: Hampartzum Karaguezian, Hrair Aintablian, Hrair Sahagian, Jirair Zenian, and Jean Jack Guvlekjian.

The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of surveyor and photogrammetrist. The term was first employed in a French Ministry of Public Works memorandum dated 1st June 1971 instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government. The term was popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in a The little Geodesist that could article in 1981 and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.