Once operating fully it will produce diesel, naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and petroleum coke.
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As Emily Conover writes at Physics Focus:At low gas jet speeds, only a small dimple appeared in the soap film.
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The phenomenon, the researchers found, can be explained as a contest between the pressure the gas jet exerts on the film and the surface tension of the film, which resists any increase in curvature.
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The 160,000-barrel-per-day facility was due to be built through investments from UK-based Technostar Management Ltd and Russia's Telloil Group to produce liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel, gasoline and diesel, according to state media.
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The patent details how the speakers could move and hover around the user with the help of quadcopters or even "vertical gas jet based propulsion mobility platforms" in an attempt to provide better audio in a virtual environment.
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According to British news reports, Mr. Bramhall, 53, admitted to using an argon beam — an electrified gas jet that liver surgeons typically employ to stanch bleeding or to mark an area of operation on an organ — to etch "SB," his initials, onto the livers.
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The honorees were called up, one at a time, to kindle a wick—in this case, to touch a torch to a gas jet—and, as they fumbled, their lives were described (the emcees for the occasion were Channel 2 news anchor Danny Kushmaro and movie actress Yaël Abecassis).
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Capetown (formerly, Gas Jet and False Cape) is a locality in Humboldt County, California. It is located on the Bear River northeast of Cape Mendocino, at an elevation of . The Gas Jet post office operated from 1868 to 1876. The name referred to escaping gas from an oil well.
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The Turbulent Gas Jet Diffusion Flames (TGDF) payload is a secondary payload that used the standard Get Away Special carrier. Its purpose is to gain an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of transitional and turbulent gas jet diffusion flames under microgravity conditions and to acquire data that will aid in predicting the behavior of transitional and turbulent gas jet diffusion flames under normal and microgravity environments. TGDF will impose large- scale controlled disturbances on well-defined laminar microgravity diffusion flames. The will be on axisymmetric perturbations to laminar flames.
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The resulting images revealed a gas jet approximately 330,000 light-years long. It is visible at radio, optical and x-ray wavelengths.
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However, this application required a change of fuel from the land based fuel of Nitric acid with kerosene to the actual V-2 fuel using a graphite gas jet.
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Most analytical pneumatic nebulizers use the same essential principle (induction) to atomize the liquid: When gas at a higher pressure exits from a small hole (the orifice) into gas at a lower pressure, it forms a gas jet into the lower pressure zone, and pushes the lower pressure gas away from the orifice. This creates a current in the lower pressure gas zone, and draws some of the lower pressure gas into the higher pressure gas jet. At the orifice, the draw of the lower pressure gas creates considerable suction, the extent depending on the differential pressures, the size of the orifice, and the shape of the orifice and surrounding apparatus. In all pneumatic induction nebulizers, the suction near the orifice is utilized to draw the liquid into the gas jet.
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Finally the dipole phase arise from the atomic response in the HHG process.(need reference) When using a gas jet geometry, the optimal conditions for generating high harmonics emitted from short trajectories are obtained when the generating gas is located after the focus, while generation of high harmonics from long trajectory can be obtained off-axis when the generating gas is located before the focus. When using a gas jet geometry, focusing the laser into the Mach disk can increase the efficiency of harmonic generation.
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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2010. 397(4): p. 1549-1556. An optional enclosure, most commonly made of glass, can cover the sampling area to ensure proper positioning of the gas jet and the sample transfer line. A tube carries the neutral aerosol to the ESI spray.
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Though oil could be used to illuminate the colored glass panes in windows, gas lighting in the early 19th century led to the general use of show globes. They could be lit from the interior or placed in front of a gas jet. In the US, globes were usually illuminated by a light placed behind them.
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The lustre chantant (literally "singing chandelier") or musical lamp, invented by Frederik Kastner, was a large chandelier with glass pipes of varying lengths each illuminated and heated by an individual gas jet. A keyboard allowed the player to turn down individual jets; as the glass tube cooled, a note was produced. Kastner installed several such instruments in Paris.
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Melt and blow or fusion cutting uses high-pressure gas to blow molten material from the cutting area, greatly decreasing the power requirement. First the material is heated to melting point then a gas jet blows the molten material out of the kerf avoiding the need to raise the temperature of the material any further. Materials cut with this process are usually metals.
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Fire emitting from the tires was intended to start the sequence but the gas jet mechanism repeatedly failed; it only functioned for two out of the six shots required. Peggy Regan animated flames and reflections for consistency. The trails of fire left behind the Delorean were practical, but the actual movement was slow. The footage was sped up and smoke added where the car disappeared.
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F. Braffett, then President of Upton Machine Co. killed himself despondent of ill health. The body of the manufacturer was found on the kitchen floor by one of the members of the family and the open gas jet gave the conclusive evidence as to the cause of his death. He left no word of explanation, but it was known he had worried considerably over his ill health.
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However, the principle of operation might be more precisely described as gas- jet pump, since diffusion plays a role also in other high vacuum pumps. In modern textbooks, the diffusion pump is categorized as a momentum transfer pump. The diffusion pump is widely used in both industrial and research applications. Most modern diffusion pumps use silicone oil or polyphenyl ethers as the working fluid.
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It couldn't have been suicide. He goes to the nursery only to find the door closed and the crib empty. Somehow, he reasons, the child must have crawled out of his crib and opened the gas jet, but then the door closed, trapping him outside the nursery. For this reason, Dr. Jeffers realizes David's suspicions were correct - the baby, named Lucifer by David, truly is a murderer.
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Oil Price Information Service (OPIS) is a company providing pricing and news information for petroleum pricing, news and analysis for gasoline, diesel, ethanol, biodiesel, LP-gas, jet fuel, crude, natural gas, petrochemicals, recycled plastics, refinery feedstocks, residual fuel, and kerosene. It is based in Rockville, Maryland, US and has offices in Wall, New Jersey, Houston, Texas, St. Paul, Minnesota, and in Sweden, Romania, Singapore, and Japan.
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He was found asphyxiated in his room to-day. Mercer registered under the name George Murray and gave his residence as Philadelphia. The watchman of the hotel in making his rounds detected the odor of gas coming from Mercer's room and broke down the door. Mercer was on the bed with his coat and waistcoat covering his head; and a tube ran from the gas jet into his mouth.
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Young developed a ringed gas jet to heat temper the bamboo for his rods. This "ring of fire" gave his rods a greater power to weight ratio and the rich, flamed appearance that was signature to his designs. He used a surplus military bomb hoist to construct a bamboo binder and was greatly assisted by August Pernack, who set up the milling machine and also developed a ferrule-making operation.
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Schematic of impulse and reaction turbines, where the rotor is the rotating part, and the stator is the stationary part of the machine. A working fluid contains potential energy (pressure head) and kinetic energy (velocity head). The fluid may be compressible or incompressible. Several physical principles are employed by turbines to collect this energy: Impulse turbines change the direction of flow of a high velocity fluid or gas jet.
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In the winter of 1883/1884, seeking a source of natural gas in his own "back yard," Westinghouse ordered drilling on his estate. When gas was struck on May 22, 1884, a blowout resulted in the uncontrolled release of gas for about a week. Westinghouse devised a way to cap the well. An illumination test was conducted by igniting the gas jet at the top of a tall pipe.
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Two new ball rooms, dining rooms, and lounges were added – all lit by gas jet. A large two- story Italianate style piazza was added on the south side facing State Street, and to the west facing the public lawn of the Vermont State House. Bailey's grand new hotel cost $100,000, and opened in time for the 1876 Centennial of American Independence. For three-quarters of a century the Pavilion remained the grand hotel of Montpelier.
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Particle temperature and velocity for different thermal spraying processes Schematics of cold spraying SEM image of a cold sprayed titanium particle bonded to steel surface Gas dynamic cold spraying or cold spraying (CS) is a coating deposition method. Solid powders (1 to 50 micrometers in diameter) are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet to velocities up to ca. 1200 m/s. During impact with the substrate, particles undergo plastic deformation and adhere to the surface.
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Less than a month after Ling Tchen's murder, police found the body of Abrams whose room had been filled with gas while he was asleep. A further investigation found the door and windows of his room had been blocked off and a thin hose from a gas jet in the hall had been stuffed into the keyhole. Although credited in the underworld for Abram's murder, the Hip Sing Association never claimed responsibility (possibly fearing retribution from Abrams associates elsewhere in New York).
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The discrepancy between the measured pressure and the pressure at the exit of the funnel was caused by the a sizable portion of the supersonic gas jet from the injector continuing beyond the Mach disk or shock diamond at the beginning of the funnel and continuing through until the end. The most effective resolution is the us of a jet disrupter that consists of a 9 mm diameter brass disk suspended perpendicular to the gas flow in the center of the ion funnel.
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Wisconsin State Capitol at night. On the night of February 26, 1904, a gas jet ignited a newly varnished ceiling in the third capitol building. Although the building had an advanced fire-fighting system, the nearby University of Wisconsin–Madison's reservoir, which supplied the capitol, was empty, allowing the fire to spread substantially before the switch to alternate city water supplies could be made. Madison firefighters could not handle the blaze on their own, so additional men and equipment had to be brought from Milwaukee.
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Mendelevium can finally be separated from the other trivalent actinides using selective elution from a cation-exchange resin column, the eluant being ammonia α-HIB. Using the gas-jet method often renders the first two steps unnecessary. The above procedure is the most commonly used one for the separation of transeinsteinium elements. Another possible way to separate the trivalent actinides is via solvent extraction chromatography using bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (abbreviated as HDEHP) as the stationary organic phase and nitric acid as the mobile aqueous phase.
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A variety of Bunsen burner flames. Bunsen burners may be adjusted from a highly luminous flame (left) to a hotter 'roaring blue flame' (right) One of the most familiar instances of a luminous flame is produced by a Bunsen burner. This burner has a controllable air supply and a constant gas jet: when the air supply is reduced, a highly luminous, and thus visible, orange 'safety flame' is produced. For heating work, the air inlet is opened and the burner produces a much hotter blue flame.
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For the time of flight of the missile, the gunner had to keep the cross-hairs pointed at the target. A direct infrared beam missile tracker in the gunner's sight detected any deviation of the flight path from the line-of-sight to the target, and transmitted corrective commands to the missile via an infrared command link. The MGM-51A was stabilized by flip-out fins, and controlled by hot gas jet reaction controls. The gunner also employed an M219 (later replaced with a M240C) to the gun mantle's right with 2,000 rounds.
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The Victoria Skating Rink was a long (), two-story brick edifice with a -high pitched roof supported from within by curving wooden trusses, which arched over the entire width of the structure. Tall, round-arched windows punctuated its length and illuminated its interior, while evening skating was made possible by 500 gas- jet lighting fixtures set in coloured glass globes. At a later date, the lighting was converted to electric, making the building the first in Canada to be electrified. The ice surface measured , dimensions very similar to today's National Hockey League (NHL) ice rinks.
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Designed by Lawford & Nelson, Architects, the building was a long ( x ) wide, two-story brick edifice with a -high pitched roof supported from within by curving wooden trusses, which arched over the entire width of the structure. Tall, round-arched windows punctuated its length and illuminated its interior, while evening skating was made possible by 500 gas-jet lighting fixtures set in coloured glass globes. At a later date, the lighting was converted to electric, making the building the first in Canada to be electrified. The ice surface measured by , dimensions very similar to today's National Hockey League (NHL) ice rinks.
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The station was the first public area in Scotland to be lit by electricity, although 464 gas jet lamps were provided as an emergency standby. Nonetheless Johnston calls it "by far the gloomiest of the Glasgow quartet [of main line terminals]". As late as July 1876 the Caledonian Railway renewed an approach concerning use of St Enoch by their trains; they were rebuffed by the G&SWR;, who said that a minimum payment of £500,000 would be necessary to permit the access. On 3 July 1879 the St Enoch station hotel opened: it was the largest in Scotland.
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Peklicz, Joseph, 2001, "Build the Monocopter" Sport Rocketry 44,2 March–April, 2001 p 34Hodge, Jon, 2000, "Monocopter C6 MII Review" Cosrocketeer, 12, 4, July–August, 2000 p. 4-5 Tip jets can use compressed air, provided by a separate engine, to create jet thrust. Other types use a system that functions similarly to the afterburner (reheat) on a conventional jet engine, except that instead of reheating a gas jet, they serve as the primary heater, creating greater thrust than the flow of pre-compressed air alone; the best description of this is thrust augmentation. Other designs includes ramjets or even a complete turbojet engine.
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In 1864 Boulton looked at the problems of combustion at constant pressure, in connection with the operation of an industrial gas turbine. His British patent, No. 1636 of 1864, contains points of interest. He realized that the high velocity of the gas jet exiting his combustion chamber nozzle offered a practical difficulty, and proposed to remedy this by the use of successive induced jets of increasing volume and consequently lower velocity. This was shown in his drawing, with gases being delivered through collinear nozzles of increasing diameter, with the outer nozzles operating at increased gas volumes with reduced velocities, similar to the exhaust of a high-bypass turbofan jet engine.
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As gas velocity in the annulus depends on a calculated velocity of the solids ejected from bubbles, it is more difficult for the solids coming from the annulus with increasing velocity in the nozzle to penetrate into the central gas jet under a constant fluidization velocity. Increasing the central velocity at a height of 25 mm above the nozzle decreases the time-averaged solids concentration. However, an increase in this velocity has no effect on the solids concentration above the annulus. On the other hand, for a low central gas velocity, the solids velocities over the annulus and above the nozzle show nearly the same value with sharp velocity gradient.
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Influence of gas velocity in the Annular Fluidized Bed Bubbling occurs in the annular fluidized bed caused by the introduction of gas by the central nozzle at a certain velocity moves in the general upwards direction. The sudden eruption of gas at the central nozzle causes particles to be transport in the bubbles wake By increasing the velocity of the annulus results in an increase in the bubble size and the bubbling velocity. The new increase in bubble dynamics enables “the ejected solids to penetrate deeper into the central gas jet”. As a result of this, the concentration and velocity of solids increases and consequently the solid optimum mass flux increases.
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Anacortes Refinery (Marathon), on the north end of March Point southeast of Anacortes, Washington, United States A petrochemical refinery in Grangemouth, Scotland. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Petrochemicals feed stock like ethylene and propylene can also be produced directly by cracking crude oil without the need of using refined products of crude oil such as naphtha. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns.
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Beam transmission along PLA1 axis. electron skirts in main chamber and intermediate stage By the use of differential pumping, an electron beam is generated and propagated freely in the vacuum of the upper column, from the electron gun down to PLA2, from which point onwards the electron beam gradually loses electrons due to electron scattering by gas molecules. Initially, the amount of electron scattering is negligible inside the intermediate cavity, but as the beam encounters an increasingly denser gas jet formed by the PLA1, the losses become significant. After the beam enters the specimen chamber, the electron losses increase exponentially at a rate depending on the prevailing pressure, the nature of gas and the accelerating voltage of the beam.
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Rudolph Koenig's manometric flame apparatus (1862), a burning gas jet vibrating in response to pressure waves: situation 2 of Alphabet. Chladni diagrams for quadratic plates (from E. F. F. Chladni, Die Akustik, 1802), as used in situation 3 to "make sound spectra visible in solid material". Alphabet consists of thirteen "situations" : # No special function, a composition by Stockhausen, Am Himmel wandre ich, twelve songs on American Indian poems, for two amplified singers and sound projectionist # Tone vibrations made visible in liquids, light rays, and flames. Generate visible models in fluids by the influence of specific sound vibrations (play a polyphonic sound structure into two or three containers) and project them on a screen.
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William B. T. Trego was born in Yardley, Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 1858, the son of the artist Jonathan Kirkbridge Trego and Emily Roberts née Thomas. At the age of two William's hands and feet became nearly paralyzed, either from polio, or from a doctor administering a dose of calomel (mercurous chloride). Trego's family moved to Detroit in 1874 where William was enrolled in the local school, but an incident where 16-year-old William burned off all his hair with a gas jet made his father decide to teach William in his studio from then on. Despite his crippled hands, young William showed an aptitude for art, learning to paint with a brush jammed in his right hand while he guided it with his left.
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Another experiment studies the bubbling gas-solid fluidization in a 0.05 ID column, where the solid holdup, bubble shape and frequency obtained from ECVT are validated with MRI measurements. The flexibility of the ECVT sensor geometry also enables it for imaging of bend, tapering and other non- uniform sections of gas-solid flow reactors. For example, a horizontal gas jet penetrating into a cylindrical gas-solid fluidized bed can be imaged with a modified ECVT sensor, and information such as penetration length and width of the jet as well as jet coalescence behavior with the bubbles in the fluidized bed can be obtained from ECVT. Another example is ECVT imaging of the riser and bend of a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed (CFB).
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The treatise, The New Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, described an open-ended vacuum tube with a gas jet seal that allows particles to exit, a method of charging slugs of tungsten or mercury to millions of volts, and directing them in streams (through electrostatic repulsion). Tesla tried to interest the US War Department,"Aerial Defense 'Death-Beam' Offered to U.S. By Tesla" 12 July 1940 the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia in the device. In 1935 at his 79th birthday party, Tesla covered many topics. He claimed to have discovered the cosmic ray in 1896 and invented a way to produce direct current by induction, and made many claims about his mechanical oscillator.
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Storey pole used in masonry A storey pole (or story pole, storey rod, story stick, jury stick, scantling, scantillon) is a length of narrow board usually cut to the height of one storey. It is used as a layout tool for any kind of repeated work in carpentry including stair-building, framing, timber framing, siding, brickwork, and setting tiles. The pole is marked for the heights from (usually) the floor platform of a building for dimensions such as window sill heights, window top heights (or headers), exterior door heights (or headers), interior door heights, wall gas jet heights (for gas lamps) and the level of the next storey joists. It makes for quick, repeatable measurements without the need of otherwise calibrated measuring devices or workers skilled in using them.
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Balle, Campbell, Keenan and Flygare demonstrated that the FTMW technique can be applied within a "free space cell" comprising an evacuated chamber containing a Fabry-Perot cavity. This technique allows a sample to be probed only milliseconds after it undergoes rapid cooling to only a few kelvins in the throat of an expanding gas jet. This was a revolutionary development because (i) cooling molecules to low temperatures concentrates the available population in the lowest rotational energy levels. Coupled with benefits conferred by the use of a Fabry-Perot cavity, this brought a great enhancement in the sensitivity and resolution of spectrometers along with a reduction in the complexity of observed spectra; (ii) it became possible to isolate and study molecules that are very weakly bound because there is insufficient energy available for them to undergo fragmentation or chemical reaction at such low temperatures.
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Professor Singer at the Swansea University first developed the idea of gas atomised spray forming in the 1970s in which a high pressure gas jet impinges on a stable melt stream to cause atomisation. The resulting droplets are then collected on a target, which can be manipulated within the spray and used to form a near-dense billet of near-net shape. Spray forming has found applications in specialist industries such as: stainless steel cladding of incinerator tubes; nickel superalloy discs and rings for aerospace-engines; aluminium-titanium, aluminium-neodymium and aluminium- silver sputter targets; aluminium-silicon alloys for cylinder liners; and high speed steels. The history of spray forming of how spray forming then developed is an example of how the creative contributions of many researchers were necessary over a number of years to produce the innovation of a now widely used industrial process.
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The mendelevium atoms are then trapped in a gas atmosphere (frequently helium), and a gas jet from a small opening in the reaction chamber carries the mendelevium along. Using a long capillary tube, and including potassium chloride aerosols in the helium gas, the mendelevium atoms can be transported over tens of meters to be chemically analyzed and have their quantity determined. The mendelevium can then be separated from the foil material and other fission products by applying acid to the foil and then coprecipitating the mendelevium with lanthanum fluoride, then using a cation-exchange resin column with a 10% ethanol solution saturated with hydrochloric acid, acting as an eluant. However, if the foil is made of gold and thin enough, it is enough to simply dissolve the gold in aqua regia before separating the trivalent actinides from the gold using anion-exchange chromatography, the eluant being 6 M hydrochloric acid.
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