He is a disgrace to the Führer-ship and should resign.
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"My Führer, I mean, my father is asleep," Donald, Jr., answered.
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This more or less made Trump out the be the new führer.
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The director, it turns out, is Adolf Hitler, the Mein Führer himself.
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Nah, they just do whatever their fucking Führer tells them to do.
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The Führer will not believe that the soldiers will no longer fight.
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"The Führer has authorized me to do the following," he wrote in a
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Unless MPs sign off the work, they themselves may succeed where the Führer failed.
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I will say this as an established fact: Hitler is unqualified to be Führer.
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His book went on to become Adolf Hitler's "bible," as the führer wrote to tell him.
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His outrageous attacks on the Führer, politically incorrect by modern standards, are still belly-laugh funny.
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Wer fände mehr Gefallen an Tannhäuser als dieser erfahrene Führer durch die dunklen Nächten der Seele?
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The Führer had spent the war's final weeks in a fortified bunker beneath the Reich Chancellery building.
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When he spoke to Hitler he did not call him 'mein Führer,' but used the informal 'du.
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The fact that the German word for leader is "führer," is a large reason for the sensitivities.
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Moments later Hitler's valet, Heinz Linge, came rushing in: The professor had to come quickly to the führer.
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Morell wanted to stop and tend to him, but Linge dragged him on: The führer was more important.
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Alex Gendler and Anthony Hazard dive into the history and circumstances that allowed Hitler to become Führer of Germany.
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He starts a bit as der Führer in 1958 New York, trying, and failing, to hide his fascist identity.
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Hitler was the führer of Nazi Germany who forcefully occupied large chunks of Europe and North Africa during WWII.
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As Hitler infamously put it, there must be "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer" ("One people, one empire, one leader").
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The historian Ian Kershaw coined the phrase "working toward the Führer" as a way to explain how fascist regimes work.
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Adolf Hitler, the German Führer, had already dissolved the country's democracy, built up its army and started to persecute its Jews.
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Adolf Hitler had consolidated his power as Führer, and it would be barely a year before homosexuality was criminalised in law.
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By contrast, the Führer, idol of millions, is an ill-tempered and nondescript figure with a bad case of body odor.
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" No punches were pulled even when it came to the Führer: "Every word that comes from Hitler's mouth is a lie.
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They were both outsiders: the master of the Kremlin was a Georgian, not a Russian; the German Führer was an Austrian.
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All of a sudden the gap between the fiction of the führer and the real-life Hitler was all too apparent.
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The horrors which "Der Führer" Adolf Hitler and his Nazis visited on Europe, especially the Holocaust, remain driven deep into global consciousness.
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He has a cold, single-minded fanaticism for the Führer, and you could spot him as a bad guy a mile away.
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Germans were not rational individuals with interests, the reasoning went, but members of a tribe that wanted to follow a leader (Führer).
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Albert Speer Jr. was born in Berlin on July 29, 1934, only days before Hitler declared himself Führer, or leader, of Germany.
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He founded the racist Traditionalist Worker Party, was deemed the "the little Führer" by the Southern Poverty Law Center, and marched in Charlottesville.
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Dr. T is a musical führer who practices mass hypnosis and employs slave labor; his Terwilliker Institute is surrounded by electrified barbed wire.
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In the last scene of the episode, we see the Führer thriving in Argentina on a compound with four terrifying, nearly identical children.
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Just before the war, Adolf Hitler tried diplomatic means to get the British cartoonist David Low barred from drawing cartoons of the Führer.
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"Hitler's Children" is framed by miniature versions of the Nuremberg Congress, with German teenagers clustered around a bonfire consecrating their lives to the Führer.
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Though Franz is willing to protect the Austrian Republic, he balks at the requirement of all enlisted men to swear allegiance to the Führer.
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Without naming Hitler, the leaflet referred to "the words of a former European führer" who blamed the Jews for bringing non-Europeans to the Rhineland.
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"We need to quit 'vozhdey'," he said in a media interview, using a Russian term for leader that carries undertones of the Nazi German "Führer".
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Giesing described the personal physician on another occasion with little sympathy and an acid pen: But Giesing didn't come to his führer empty-handed either.
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When he received another dose from Giesing on September 16, 1944, he had a very special brainstorm: one of those feared, pseudo-genius führer ideas.
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Once the Nazis' deputy Führer, Hess spent much of the war under British guard in Wales, after undertaking an abortive "peace mission" to Scotland in 1941.
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By portraying the Führer as an all-dominating, quasi-demonic figure, Fest effectively placed less blame on the Weimar Republic conservatives who put Hitler in office.
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Ein vom Bayerischen Rundfunk herausgegebener Führer zu "Deutschland und seinen Menschen" weist Migranten an, der Person, mit der sie sprechen, immer in die Augen zu sehen.
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High on the terrifying charisma of his clothing, he invents a secret mission from the Führer and embarks on a brutal odyssey of torture and slaughter.
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In this one, from 1934, he honored Hitler on his 45th birthday by pasting in a glowering portrait of the Führer, adorned with a Nazi eagle and swastika.
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In a March 13 essay, "The Father-Führer," Williamson portrays Trump's struggling white supporters as relying on their imaginary victimhood when, in fact, he contends: They failed themselves.
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Now that he thinks he's found justification from the great Führer in the sky, he has either stepped deliberately or stumbled onto the path his Nazi forbears trod.
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When Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess entered a Berlin hotel in "If the Dead Rise Not" (2009), Mr. Kerr's sharp eye for detail revealed itself in Gunther's vivid narration.
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He was bound to join Japan under the Tripartite Pact only if Japan had been attacked, and treaties never meant that much to the Führer in any event.
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People have joked about the appearance of Mecha-Hitler, a reference to the boss from Wolfenstein 3D, but I'd be happy if this was the only appearance of Führer.
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He was the wand expert, Mr. Ollivander, in several Harry Potter films, and the führer-like dictator of a barely familiar England in the futuristic "V for Vendetta" (2005).
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There was strong reaction to his portrayal of Hitler (including a slew of angry-führer internet memes), but Mr. Ganz always insisted he was the mildest-mannered of introverts.
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When one of the actors refers to him as Mr. Hitler, instead of Führer, he doesn't merely lash out, but accuses the person of something worse than a spy: being a Jew.
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In October 1938, Charles Lindbergh was presented with the Service Cross of the German Eagle for his contributions to aviation by none other than Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering, on behalf of the Führer.
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As if to assure the visitor that Hitler's ass once sat on the leather seats of the vehicle, there is a cracked, plaster version of the Führer partially leaning out the back window.
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A supremely artful feature-length recording of the 1934 Nazi Party Congress, commissioned, according its credits, by order of the Führer, "Triumph of the Will" raises a host of moral and aesthetic questions.
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"Remember the German word for leader is 'führer,' which is too close to the word that they used for Hitler," he said in a recent interview with the Blaze TV host Dave Rubin.
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Yet the country that produced the führer and the Nazi party has embraced democratic practices and human rights more convincingly than many others – certainly more than other states that were allied with Nazi Germany.
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A charming hedonist becomes an unlikely would-be assassin in "13 Minutes," a respectful but labored biopic of a village carpenter whose 1939 plot to blow up the Führer was foiled by bad timing.
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His heartfelt tribute to the Führer is taken up by Bialystock and Bloom because they are looking for a surefire flop, a work of such stupendous bad taste that audiences will flee in disgust.
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Franson's first post was a shared personal status that called Hogg "Supreme Leader Hogg," a nod to Hitler's Führer, according to the Hill, which referenced screenshots taken by the Douglas County Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.
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According to Ohler's reading of Hitler's medical records, late in the war the Führer himself was hooked on a proto-speedball that consisted of cocaine and an opiate called Eukodal, administered by his private physician.
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But he thinks he may have found another way to serve the Führer when he discovers a Jewish girl named Elsa (Thomasin McKenzie) living in the walls of his house, hidden there by his mother.
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Waititi cast himself as an awfully goofy führer, and dialed the satire up to 11: The opening-credits sequence equates German nationalism with Beatlemania by playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" over footage of Nazi rallies.
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And if you wanted to see the Führer your path up the magic mountain of National Socialist pathology was blocked unless you were invited, vetted, and then inspected by the soldiers waiting in front of locked gates.
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Both he and the game he played could be seen as a rebuke to the Führer; in some regions of the US, Jews dominated basketball to such an extent that the sport was seen as inherently Jewish.
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Materialising every now and then to give Jojo amusingly useless pep talks, this incarnation of the Führer is a sulky ignoramus who faints at the sight of blood and runs away at the first sign of trouble.
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In the 1970s, King Khaled opined that the Führer was a "maligned man," and Crown Prince (later King) Abdullah used to shock visiting diplomats by showing a dagger he had been given as a gift from Hitler.
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He brought with him, in a manila envelope, notebooks from his days at the Gebele School in Munich, filled with assignments on patriotic themes and decorated, here and there, with tributes to the leader whom Germans were learning to call Führer.
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He achieved this through full cooperation: facilitating the sale of so-called "degenerate art" to (mostly) foreign buyers to buoy the regime's coffers, while also acquiring suitably völkisch art from Nazi-occupied countries for the planned Führer Museum in Linz.
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Based on the novel "Caging Skies" by Christine Leunens — and featuring Waititi himself as Johannes's goofball fantasy-Führer — the movie filters the banality and evil of the Third Reich through the consciousness of a smart, sensitive, basically ordinary German child.
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The Führer's hands-off tyranny has led to a historians' debate about his actual participation in the crimes of his regime, and to Ian Kershaw's famous concept of "working towards the Führer"; that is, anticipating his wishes in the absence of direct orders.
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To make sense of a dictatorship in which the dictator was intermittently absent, Kershaw expounded the concept of "working towards the Führer": when explicit direction from Hitler was lacking, Nazi functionaries guessed at what he wanted, and often further radicalized his policies.
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Turning Adolf Hitler into a little boy's imaginary friend sounds like an unworkable conceit, but Taika Waititi's nervy crowd-pleaser treats Der Führer as a Beatles-like phenomenon that whipped young people like Jojo Betzler (Roman Griffin Davis) into a nationalist frenzy.
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At the Mercatino Filatelico one can find Fascist period currency adorned with an imperial eagle for 10 euros ($11.13) or, for a little more, a propaganda postcard of the Führer embracing towheaded Hitler youths, if you have a stomach for such things.
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After the visit — part of his tour of Germany as a Hearst newspaper war correspondent — Kennedy, then 28, wrote a diary entry revealing his fascination with the late Führer, who had committed suicide just four months earlier at his air-raid shelter in Berlin.
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Matthew Heimbach, who at various points in his career has been called "the little Führer" and "the affable, youthful face of hate in America," was wearing a pair of blue pajama pants decorated with Angry Birds as he nursed a cup of tepid coffee.
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When "Jojo Rabbit" showed up at the Toronto International Film Festival in September, the fact that it played Hitler at least partly for laughs — with the director, Taika Waititi impersonating a goofy, gangly, almost lovable Führer — you could hear the wincing from across the border.
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At one point, maybe you discover a piece of intel suggesting Hitler has been dead for decades, but to prop up the mythology of Führer, Nazis higher-ups continue to pretend otherwise, knowing the demise of their dear leader would cause anxiety among the rank-and-file.
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Hildebrand. Kirchner had killed himself by then, and Hildebrand, notwithstanding his own part-Jewish ancestry and modernist affiliations, had been hired as one of Hitler's private art dealers, gobbling up stolen and other works to glorify the Führer while surreptitiously pocketing what he liked for himself.
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In Hitler's Table Talk: 1941–1944, a collection of transcribed monologues delivered by the führer in conversation with his inner circle, he advocates for vegetarianism as a universally natural and healthy choice, using humans' vegetarian "ancestral instincts" and young children's "antipathy" to meat as evidence for his argument.
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The film premiered two years into the run of "Hogan's Heroes" on CBS, a madcap, Emmy-nominated comedy about a German P.O.W. camp in World War II. One of the prisoners would sometimes dress up as the Führer to bamboozle the hapless commandant, Colonel Klink, and his bumbling minion, Sergeant Schultz.
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But if you're inside the fascist tent, it's all about patriotism, and the allure of self-sacrifice, and how we're bringing civilization to other people, and we're resolving age-old conflicts in our own society by uniting around our great leader, the Duce or the Führer, and it's actually exciting, it's thrilling.
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Much like the basic idea of fascism, a word that stems from the Italian word for a bundle of rods tied together tightly, National Socialism was intended to tie Germany together under one leader — Hitler, the führer — with "subversive elements" like Jews, LGBT people, Roma, and, yes, socialists and Communists, removed by force.
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The music icon tweeted on her account to her almost 3 million followers, "THIS IS EARTH🌎 SHATTERING‼️‼️ LAST WEEK"HUGE"TURNOUT 4 REPUBLICANS...This week poor turnout 4 democrats...Outcome⁉️ HEIL,MEIN FÜHRER TRUMP" There is one artist, however, that Trump has earned support from -- musician Aaron Carter.
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Each spread has its own ingenious design, shuttling between the literal and the allegorical: As the text talks about Hitler undermining the power of President Hindenburg and the Reichstag ("teetering like a German spruce"), the illustration shows the Führer literally hacking down the tree of state, a startled German imperial eagle taking flight.
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The result of all this is Das Itinerar (The Itinerary)—a 2,400-page book that lists where the Führer spent each day of his life and documents the means of transportation he used to get there and what he did in each place—down to the number of audience members at speeches and events.
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Kippenberger's German heritage is an ineluctable presence in works like "A Quarter Century" — the proclamation "one of you, among you" can be perceived as a parody of Nazi propaganda ("Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer"), but it can also be read as an adoption of its strategies, a charge his critics leveled against him.
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Gurlitt's father, Hildebrand, had served as part of a small but powerful cabal of art dealers, working directly on behalf of the Führer, on a dual mission: to sell works of "degenerate art" to benefit the Nazi war machine, and to establish a world-class museum of "great German art" in Hitler's hometown of Linz.
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"I was irresistibly reminded of the line in the loopy Mel Brooks-Zero Mostel movie, 'The Producers,' in which the crazed author of the musical comedy 'Springtime for Hitler' says, with earnest dignity, 'It is not generally known, but the Führer was a marvelous dancer,' " Penny Pinkham wrote in a review in The Boston Globe in October 1978.
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Written and directed by Taika Waititi (What We Do In The Shadows, Thor: Ragnarok), Jojo Rabbit stars Roman Griffin Davis as Johannes "Jojo Rabbit" Beltzer, a German 10-year-old who eagerly joins the Hitler Youth in the waning days of World War II. Jojo's imaginary best friend is the Führer himself, played by Waititi, a Polynesian Jew.
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The term "surf Nazi" was so commonplace in the 220s and '2000s that the B-movie "Surf Nazis Must Die," set in the dystopic aftermath of an apocalyptic California earthquake, told the story of followers of the "Führer of the New Beach" murdering a hardworking black man, and the victim's elderly mother avenging his death by hunting them all down.
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De Jong 1974, pp. 199–200. He had wanted to address Hitler as Führer aller Germanen ("Führer of all Germanics"), but Hitler personally decreed the former style. Historian Loe de Jong speculates on the difference between the two: Führer aller Germanen implied a position separate from Hitler's role as Führer und Reichskanzler des Grossdeutschen Reiches ("Führer and Reich Chancellor of the Greater German Reich"), while germanischer Führer served more as an attribute of that main function.
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On 12 December 1941 the Dutch fascist Anton Mussert also addressed him as such when he proclaimed his allegiance to Hitler during a visit to the Reich Chancellery in Berlin.De Jong 1974, pp. 199–200. He had wanted to address Hitler as Führer aller Germanen ("Führer of all Germanics"), but Hitler personally decreed the former style. Historian Loe de Jong speculates on the difference between the two: Führer aller Germanen implied a position separate from Hitler's role as Führer und Reichskanzler des Grossdeutschen Reiches ("Führer and Reich Chancellor of the Greater German Empire"), while germanischer Führer served more as an attribute of that main function.
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The Führer Grenadier Battalion was raised in April, 1943 to act as a second guard unit on the outer perimeter of Hitler's Wolfsschanze in Rastenburg, East Prussia. Despite the idea of Hitler's bodyguards being drawn from the SS, a small detachment was drawn from the Wach Regiment to become Hitler's private bodyguard. This unit was called the Führer Begleit (or Führer Escort), and was to eventually be expanded to divisional size (see Führer Begleit Brigade).
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An additional title was adopted by Hitler on 23 June 1941 when he declared himself the "Germanic Führer" (Germanischer Führer), in addition to his duties as Führer of the German state and people.De Jong, Louis (1974) (in Dutch). Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de tweede wereldoorlog: Maart '41 – Juli '42, p. 181. M. Nijhoff.
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Despite the fact that Hitler's personal security was in the hands of the SS Leibstandarte, on the outbreak of World War II a small detachment was drawn from the Wach Regiment to become Hitler's official state bodyguard. This unit was called the Führer Begleit ("Führer Escort") battalion, and was to eventually be expanded to divisional size (see Führer-Begleit Division).
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Februar 2012. A. C. Oellers: Führer durch die Burg Frankenberg Aachen, S. 5.
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The name does not allude to Adolf Hitler. The first compound, Führer, refers in plural to the members themselves as an officer (the leaders) reserve. Führer in this case is not used possessively to indicate that this was Hitler’s reserve.
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Schmidt, Rainer F. (2002) Die Aussenpolitik des Dritten Reiches 1933–1939 Klett-Cotta He used the title Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Chancellor), highlighting the positions he already held in party and government, though in popular reception, the element Führer was increasingly understood not just in reference to the Nazi Party, but also in reference to the German people and the German state. Soldiers had to swear allegiance to Hitler as "Führer des deutschen Reiches und Volkes" (Leader of the German Reich and People). The title was changed on 28 July 1942 to "Führer des Großdeutschen Reiches" (Leader of the Greater German Reich). In his political testament, Hitler also referred to himself as Führer der Nation (Leader of the Nation).
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In September Hitler removed Halder from command and retired him to the Führer Reserve.
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Führer mentions that the inscription praises Jayachandra for building a Vishnu temple. According to Führer, the sandstone slab containing the inscription originally belonged to the Vishnu temple, and was later used for building the Treta Ka Thakur mosque commissioned by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
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Adolf Hitler became Germany's head of state, with the title of Führer und Reichskanzler, in 1934.
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The term Führer was also used at lower levels, regardless of experience or rank; for example, a Gruppenführer was the leader of a squad of infantry (9 or 10 men). Under the Nazis, the title Führer was also used in paramilitary titles (see Freikorps). Almost every Nazi paramilitary organization, in particular the SS and SA, had Nazi party paramilitary ranks incorporating the title of Führer. The SS including the Waffen-SS, like all paramilitary Nazi organisations, called all their members of any degree except the lowest Führer of something; thus confusingly, Gruppenführer was also an official rank title for a specific grade of general.
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Mitchell, Arthur, Hitler's Mountain: The Führer, Obersalzberg and the American Occupation of Berchtesgaden, McFarland, 2007 p. 154.
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Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz: Führer zu vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Denkmälern, Band 38, Köln II, Exkursionen: Nördliche Innenstadt.
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Die Bücherverbrennung; Traum von einer großen Miesmacherin; Der Dienstzug; Schwierigkeit des Regierens; Notwendigkeit der Propaganda; Die Verbesserungen des Regimes; Die Ängste des Regimes; Kanonen nötiger als Butter; Die Jugend und das Dritte Reich; Der Krieg soll gut vorbereitet sein; Die Liebe zum Führer; Was der Führer nicht weiß; Wörter, die der Führer nicht hören kann; Die Sorgen des Kanzlers; Trost vom Kanzler; Der Jude, ein Unglück für das Volk; Die Regierung als Künstler; Dauer des Dritten Reiches; Verbot der Theaterkritik.
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Führer came back to India in 1885 and on his arrival Alfred Comyn Lyall appointed him Curator of the Lucknow Provincial Museum. Führer started work in March and immediately set about improving the museum. Impressed by the changes, Lyall, the Chair of the Museum's Management Committee, wrote to Calcutta asking whether a part-time job for Führer could be found with the Archaeological Survey of India., see note 18 citing India Office Records, Archaeology and Epigraphy, Proceedings 4-18, File no.
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In 1891, Führer started excavations at the Ramnagar site of Ahichchhatra."Some years later A. Führer undertook the excavation of a temple without much result." in The excavations were quite disappointing. Pressured by the need to get results, Führer started to report invented discoveries, such as ancient dated inscriptions that never existed, and non existent Jain inscriptions. Heinrich Lüders would later be able to show that the supposed Jain inscriptions were fakes compiled from earlier real inscriptions found in Mathura.
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The Führer Grenadier Brigade (formerly Führer Grenadier Battalion later Führer Grenadier Division) was an élite German Army combat unit which saw action during World War II. The Führer Grenadier Brigade is sometimes mistakenly perceived as being a part of the Waffen-SS, whereas it was actually an Army unit and technically assigned to the Großdeutschland Division. This misconception comes from its original duty of guarding Adolf Hitler's East Prussian Wolfsschanze Headquarters, a task which sounded similar to the original one of Waffen-SS 1. Panzer Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler", which in turn stemmed from the Führer's original bodyguard corps. Fighting on both the Eastern and Western Fronts, the brigade surrendered to U.S. forces in Austria in 1945.
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In: Kölner Bucht und angrenzende Gebiete. (= Sammlung Geographischer Führer. Vol. 6). Verlag Bornträger, Berlin/ Stuttgart, 1972, pp. 83 ff.
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Wächtler was shot on the orders from Führer Headquarters near the end of the war on 19 April 1945.
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No! A cultured people must be able to think as > individuals and behave properly, but our people have repeatedly allowed > themselves to be controlled and guided by their "infallible" Führer without > participating in the slightest degree in their own fate. "The Führer is > always right, the Führer never errs." And he denounced the German military for their policies against the resistance forces in the occupied lands. On 26 October 1941 he wrote: > In Nantes and Bordeaux in France, two German officers were shot by unknown > culprits.
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Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg in January. On Hindenburg's death the German Reichstag voted to (unconstitutionally) merge the offices of President and Chancellor, giving Hitler the title of Führer. Later the Reichstag voted to allow Hitler to hold the positions of Chancellor and Führer for life.
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A 21,000-word excerpt of Führer-Ex appeared in The New Yorker magazine under the title "How Nazis Are Made".
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Lyman, pp. 66–68 Hitler, in support of the Iraqi insurrection, issued Führer Directive No. 30 on 23 May.Kurowski, p.
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Over a century later some have assumed that such doubts must have therefore existed most likely because government archaeologist, A.A. Führer, had been working in the region and had recently been exposed for plagiarism and forgery. The possibility of forgery was explored by writer and historian Charles Allen in his book The Buddha and Dr. Fuhrer and in his documentary Bones of the Buddha. He researches the unfolding of events at Piprahwa based on the letters of W.C. Péppe, Vincent Smith, and A.A. Führer, and concludes that Führer was unable to interfere with the discovery of the inscription made by W.C. Péppe. Harry Falk, professor of Indology at the Freie Universität in Berlin, stated in the documentary that Führer could not have forged the Piprahwa reliquary inscription.
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The Führerbegleitbrigade (FBB: Führer escort brigade) was a German armoured brigade and later an armoured division (Panzer-Führerbegleitdivision), in World War II. It grew out of the original Führer-Begleit-Battalion formed in 1939 to escort and protect Adolf Hitler at the front. It was formed in November 1944 and destroyed in April 1945.
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Smith's report is given in the appendix to this article and is available here: . Führer had written in 1897 a monograph on his discoveries in Nigali Sagar and Lumbini, Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth-place in the Nepalese tarai, which was withdrawn from circulation by the Government. Führer was dismissed and returned to Europe.
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The Berghof was one of the headquarters used by Hitler during the war. There were about 14 known completed Führer Headquarters.Raiber, Richard, "Guide to Hitler's Headquarters", After the Battle, No. 19, Special Edition, Battle of Britain International Ltd, 1977, London, p. 2. Map showing the location of the Berghof, along with Führer Headquarters throughout Europe.
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The name of the mound is derived from a modern temple of Hindu goddess Kankali. The famous Jain stupa was excavated here in 1890-91 by Alois Anton Führer (Dr. Führer). The mound almost rectangular in shape is 500 feet long by 350 feet broad. Kankali Tila brought forth many treasures of Jain art.
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The inscription, together with other evidence, confirmed Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha. The organization was rocked when Führer was unmasked in 1898, and was found to file fraudulous reports about his investigations. Confronted by Smith about his archaeological publications and his report to the Government, Führer was obliged to admit "that every statement in it [the report] was absolutely false." Under official instructions from the Government of India, Führer was relieved of his positions, his papers seized and his offices inspected by Vincent Arthur Smith on 22 September 1898.
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In Germany, the isolated word "Führer" is usually avoided in political contexts, due to its intimate connection with Nazi institutions and with Hitler personally. However, the term -führer is used in many compound words. Examples include Bergführer (mountain guide), Fremdenführer (tourist guide), Geschäftsführer (CEO or EO), Führerschein (driver's license), Führerstand or Führerhaus (driver's cab), Lok(omotiv)führer (train driver), Reiseführer (travel guide book), and Spielführer (team captain — also referred to as Mannschaftskapitän). The use of alternative terms like "Chef" (a borrowing from the French, as is the English "chief", e.g.
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49 Maria Berning et al., ed. Michael Braum, Berliner Wohnquartiere: ein Führer durch 70 Siedlungen, 3rd ed. Berlin: Reimer, 2003, , p.
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Führer's archaeological career ended in disgrace. Führer came under suspicion from March 1898 following the reported forgeries of the Buddha's relics.
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On orders from Führer Headquarters, Ruckdeschel appeared at the hotel with 35 SS troops and summarily executed Wächtler on 19 April.
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One notices time and time again that the Führer is slowly but surely becoming lonely. It is very touching to see him play with this young German Shepherd dog. The animal has grown so accustomed to him that it will hardly take a step without him. It is very nice to watch the Führer with his dog.
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The "Yes" vote amounted to over 90%. In fact, Hitler had decided to succeed Hindenburg as Führer und Reichskanzler a long time before.
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As late as 1944, however, occasional propaganda publications continued to refer to him by this unofficial title.Adolf Hitler: Führer aller Germanen. Storm, 1944.
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From there, LXVI Corps would cross the Our river and occupy St. Vith on the first day of the attack. LXVI Corps was the weakest of the three corps, with no attached tank division or motor transport, but did include an attached assault gun battalion. The Panzer Lehr Division (Armor Demonstration Division) and the Führer Begleit Brigade (Führer Escort Brigade) were to be held in reserve, with the Führer Begleit only usable with Model's express permission. Manteuffel's preference for the "little slam", or limited solution, was reflected in the absence of planning beyond reaching the Meuse River.
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Thomas p. 225. Raeder argued that: > "This was possible only because, despite all outside efforts to influence > it, the training of the Navy [under the Weimar Republic] derived from an > inner attitude that was itself truly National Socialist. For this reason, we > did not have to change, but could become followers of the Führer with open > hearts. I find it particularly satisfying that the Führer has always > attributed this to me, and I would like to ask all of you to see to it that > the Navy remains a strong and reliable support of the Führer in this > regard".
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Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess in Weimar in 1930 At the top of the Nazi Party was the party chairman ("Der Führer"), who held absolute power and full command over the party. All other party offices were subordinate to his position and had to depend on his instructions. In 1934, Hitler founded a separate body for the chairman, Chancellery of the Führer, with its own sub-units. Below the Führer's chancellery was first the "Staff of the Deputy Führer", headed by Rudolf Hess from 21 April 1933 to 10 May 1941; and then the "Party Chancellery" (Parteikanzlei), headed by Martin Bormann.
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It was common at the time to refer to leaders of all sorts, including those of political parties, as Führer. Hitler's adoption of the title was partly inspired by its earlier use by the Austrian Georg von Schönerer (1842–1921), a major exponent of pan-Germanism and German nationalism in Austria, whose followers commonly referred to him as the Führer, and who also used the Roman salute - where the right arm and hand are held rigidly outstretched - which they called the "German greeting".Mitchell, Arthur H. (2007). Hitler's Mountain: The Führer, Obersalzberg, and the American Occupation of Berchtesgaden.
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Map showing the location of Adlerhorst, and other Führer Headquarters throughout Europe There were no official Führer Headquarters before World War II because Hitler used either existing military complexes, or mobile facilities close to the battle lines. Under plans developed by Martin Bormann and architectural designs by Speer, a series of Führer complexes were built. The best known were: the Führerbunker in Berlin; the Berghof complex in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria; and the Wolfsschanze near Kętrzyn in modern-day Poland. Austrian noble Emma von Scheitlein acquired Kransberg Castle in the village of Kransberg in 1926, and used it for society events.
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As late as 1944 occasional propaganda publications continued to refer to him by this unofficial title as well however.Adolf Hitler: Führer aller Germanen. Storm, 1944. Mussert held that Hitler was predestined to become the Führer of Germanics because of his congruous personal history: Hitler originally was an Austrian national, who enlisted in the Bavarian army and lost his Austrian citizenship.
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Jewish sports clubs continue to occasionally meet anti-semitism on the field. In October 2006 during Makkabi's match versus the second team squad of VSG Altglienicke in Berlin's Kreisliga-B, fans and players were reported to have chanted "Gas the Jews", "Auschwitz is back" and "Führer, Führer" as well as other slogans.German club sanctioned after anti-Semitic abuse. Reuters (13 October 2006).
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Ayagapatta, excavated from Kankali Tila, Mathura Museum, 1st century CE Kankali Tila is a mound located at Mathura. The name of the mound is derived from a modern temple of Hindu goddess Kankali. The famous Jain stupa was excavated here in 1890-91 by Alois Anton Führer (Dr. Führer). The archaeological findings testifies the existence of two Jain temples and stupas.
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Rob Manuel (born 5 December 1973) is the English co-founder of the website B3ta (where he is affectionately known as "the Ginger Führer").
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Major Ernst- Günter Lehnhoff, Knight's Cross on December 12, 1944 as Commander of the Panzer-Füsilier-Bataillon of the Führer-Grenadier-Brigade (I./PzGrenRegt 99).
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Maria dashes after Bronski calling, "Mein Führer, Mein Führer!" The actors take off in the plane, disposing easily of the Nazi pilots. Sobinski flies to Scotland, where the actors are interviewed by the press. Asked what reward he would like for his service to the Allies, Maria quickly responds for him, "He wants to play Hamlet", and so, Tura goes back, once again, on stage as Hamlet.
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In 1940, Hünerfauth returned to live with her parents in Grosshesselohe near Munich. In 1942, she was evacuated to Chiemsee and later to the area of Landshut. In 1945, the family returned to Grosshesselohe, where Hünerfauth built an atelier. On 20 November 1948, she married her third husband, Franz Führer, also known by his artist's name "Führer-Wolkenstein". They remained married for 28 years.
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In October 1939 the SS-Verfügungstruppe regiments Deutschland, Germania and Der Führer were organized into the SS-Verfügungs-Division with Paul Hausser as commander. Thereafter, the SS-VT and the LSSAH took part in combat training while under army commands in preparation for Fall Gelb against the Low Countries and France in 1940. In May 1940, the Der Führer Regiment was detached from the SS- VT Division and relocated near the Dutch border, with the remainder of the division behind the line in Münster, awaiting the order to invade the Netherlands. Der Führer Regiment and LSSAH participated in the ground invasion of the Netherlands which began on 10 May.
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The German fighter pilot who shot down the bomber, Heinz Knoke, wrote about the incident in a book, I Flew for the Führer, after the war.
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Baur was promoted General Lieutenant (Generalleutnant) on August 1943. On September 1944, Wilhelm Baur was eventually placed in Führer-Reserve until the end of the war.
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In 1944 Hartmann became Führer der Unterseeboote Mittelmeer ("Commander of U-boats in the Mediterranean") and in this post received the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.
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In reality, the Führer Headquarters consisted of Adolf Hitler and his entourage, including the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) (directly controlled by Hitler), liaison officers and adjutants.
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The book begins in 2003 with the death of Dante Scott's mother, father, older sister and brother at the hands of the Brigands M.C. South Devon President, Ralph "Führer" Donnington, after Dante's father refuses to go through with the plans to redevelop the Brigands' clubhouse, turning it into shops and flats. After saving his eighteen-month-old sister Holly from the burning house (the Führer attempted to burn the evidence), nine-year-old Dante escapes, is put under the wing of child psychologist Ross Johnson, and is questioned by police in an attempt to convict the Führer. On the night of the murders, he was forced into a boxing fight with Martin, the Führer's eldest son, and got blood on his shirt; he lies to the police; claiming that it was a nosebleed. Johnson realises that the defence solicitors could use the unreliability of his statement to clear the Führer.
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Führer durch die lamaistische Sammlung des Fürsten E. Uchtomskij. Von Albert Grünwedel, Dr.phil. Mit einem einleitenden Vorwort des Fürsten E. Uchtomskij und 188 Abbildungen. Leipzig: Brockhaus 1900.
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In 1886, Führer was instructed by the government of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh and the Government of India to carry out an expedition to Nepal.
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The Breakfast at Tiffany's character Salvatore 'Sally' Tomato ("notorious mafia-notorious Mafia-führer") was "believed to have been born in Cefalu".Breakfast at Tiffany's, pp. 90-91.
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In its simplest form, the Nazi Party command structure was divided into four basic levels: the general membership known as the Parteimitglieder, the political leadership corps known as the Politische Leiters, the upper command levels of the Party encompassed by the Gauleiters and Reichsleiters, and finally the position of Führer held solely by Adolf Hitler as supreme leader of the Party (a position of Deputy Führer also existed until 1941).
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The Führer has murdered my son. Mother! The Führer will murder your sons too, he will not stop till he has brought sorrow to every home in the world.” Escherich is under pressure from Obergruppenführer Prall to arrest the source or find himself in dire straits. Nearly all those who find the cards turn them in to the Gestapo immediately, terrified they themselves will be discovered having them.
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Cunningham's main objective in surveying Ayodhya was to discover these Buddhist monuments. In 1889-91, an ASI team led by Alois Anton Führer conducted another survey of Ayodhya. Führer did not find any ancient statues, sculptures or pillars that marked the sites of other ancient cities. He found "a low irregular mass of rubbish heaps", from which material had been used for building the neighbouring Muslim city of Faizabad.
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Chef des Bundeskanzleramtes) or Leiter (often in compound words like Amtsleiter, Projektleiter or Referatsleiter) is usually not the result of replacing of the word "Führer", but rather using terminology that existed before the Nazis. The use of Führer to refer to a political party leader is rare today and Vorsitzender (chairman) is the more common term. However, the word Oppositionsführer ("leader of the (parliamentary) opposition") is more commonly used.
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Captain von Breitenbuch was on the staff of Field Marshal Busch, now commanding Army Group Centre. In early 1944, Busch and his staff were summoned to brief Hitler. Breitenbuch volunteered to carry a 7.65mm Browning pistol concealed in his trouser pocket into the briefing (which took place on 11 March), and shoot Hitler. But on the day of the briefing, Hitler issued a Führer directive excluding junior officers from Führer briefings.
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Map showing the location of "Werwolf", and other Führer Headquarters throughout Europe Führerhauptquartier Werwolf was the codename used for one of Adolf Hitler's World War II Eastern Front military headquarters located in a pine forest about north of Vinnytsia, in Ukraine, which was used between 1942 and 1943. It was one of a number of Führer Headquarters throughout Europe, and the most easterly ever used by Hitler in person.
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The main character is telling the story while in the present day as a senior citizen.Tasting Food For The Führer At 'The Wolf's Table', NPR, January 26, 2019.
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Mohnke was injured in an air raid where he suffered, among other things, ear damage. He was removed from front-line service and put on the Führer reserve.
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On 20 April 1943, he was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer. Upon Himmler's recommendation, he was transferred to "Wolfsschanze" Führer headquarters as the resident doctor on 9 October 1944.
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Henrik Gast: Der Bundeskanzler als politischer Führer. Potenziale und Probleme deutscher Regierungschefs aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2011, p. 208/209, S. 242.
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The position of SA-Stabschef, not yet a rank, was established in 1929 to assist the Oberste SA-Führer (Supreme SA Leader) with the administration of the fast-growing organization. Otto Wagener held the office under Oberste SA-Führer Franz Pfeffer von Salomon from 1928-1930, and effectively headed the SA from Hitler's assumption of the title Oberste SA-Führer in August until Ernst Röhm replaced him in January 1931. The actual SA rank of Stabschef was created by Röhm for himself in 1933 after Hitler became Chancellor. Although Hitler became the supreme commander of the SA in 1930, the day-to-day running of the organization was left to the Chief of Staff.
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He went bankrupt in 1930. He joined the Nazi Party in 1924 and became a member of the Sturmabteilung, better known by as the SA. Veller reached the rank of an SA Brigade Führer and was named the SA Führer for the Düsseldorf sub-district. During the later years of the Weimar Republic, Veller, then SA Führer, took part in numerous political beer hall brawls, street fights and fisticuffs, both with political opponents and rivals within the Nazi movement. Later, bragging to Gregor Strasser in a February 1933 letter, he wrote that during the Weimar era, he political activities caused him to be brought before court more than thirty times, eight for assault and battery.
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Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, then the Minister of War and one of those who created the Hitler oath, or the personal oath of loyalty of the military to Hitler, became the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces while Hitler remained Supreme Commander. Following the Blomberg–Fritsch Affair in 1938, Hitler assumed the commander-in-chief's post as well and took personal command of the armed forces. However, he continued using the older formally higher title of Supreme Commander, which was thus filled with a somewhat new meaning. Combining it with "Führer", he used the style Führer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht (Leader and Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht), yet a simple "Führer" since May 1942.
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Führer has been used as a military title (compare Latin Dux) in Germany since at least the 18th century. The usage of the term "Führer" in the context of a company-sized military subunit in the German Army referred to a commander lacking the qualifications for permanent command. For example, the commanding officer of a company was (and is) titled "Kompaniechef" (literally, Company Chief), but if he did not have the requisite rank or experience, or was only temporarily assigned to command, he was officially titled "Kompanieführer". Thus operational commands of various military echelons were typically referred to by their formation title followed by the title Führer, in connection with mission-type tactics used by the German military forces.
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The rank of Kreisleiter was originally the fourth tier in the Nazi Party hierarchy after the Führer, Reichsleiter, and Gauleiter. The fifth level beneath the Kreisleiter were the Ortsgruppenleiters.
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He portrayed Joseph Goebbels in Goebbels und Geduldig (Goebbels and Geduldig, 2001); Dr. Josef Mengele in Amen. (2002), a film by Costa Gavras; and was to have played Klaus Barbie in an upcoming feature. His last film was the comedy Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler (My Führer: The Truly Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler, 2007), in which he played Prof. Adolf Israel Grünbaum, an actor hired to give Hitler lessons.
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Loggerheads, originally titled Zio Adolfo, in arte Führer (literally "Uncle Adolf, the Führer") is a 1978 Italian comedy film directed by the duo known as Castellano & Pipolo. It stars singer Adriano Celentano in the dual role of two brothers on opposite fronts during the Third Reich. A parody on the life of Adolf Hitler, Loggerheads is partly a collage film, combining dubbed historical archive footage with similarly-shot original footage of Celentano and other actors.
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Führer Directive No. 30 () was a directive issued by German dictator Adolf Hitler during World War II. It ordered German support for Iraq's Arab nationalists, who were fighting the British.
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On 31 January 1945, he was transferred back to the Führer reserve. Haenicke was arrested by the Soviets in 1945, and died in 1946 in NKVD Special Camp No. 1.
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It also was responsible for all luggage that travelled with Hitler and his staff.Hoffmann, Peter. Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921–1945, Da Capo Press, 2009, p. 59.Felton, Mark.
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H. Hasse, Normenresttheorie galoisscher Zahlkörper mit Anwendungen auf Führer und Diskriminante abelscher Zahlkörper, J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo 2 (1934), pp.477-498. and the general result was proved by Cahit Arf.
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When the Großdeutschland Division was expanded to Panzer Corps Großdeutschland, its subordinate units were expanded to bring GD to corps status. As part of this drastic reorganization, the FBB was detached from army control, expanded by incorporating elements of the FGB and Panzergrenadier-Division Großdeutschland, and redesignated the Führer-Begleit-Division (FBD); at the same time, its sister formation, the Führergrenadierbrigade, was also upgraded to divisional status and renamed the Führer-Grenadier-Division (FGD). Both "Führer" divisions were put in the OKH (Oberkommando der Heere: the army high command), reserve until committed to the eastern front. Commanded by Otto Remer, now a major general, the FBD and FGD served in local counterattacks and later assumed fire-brigade roles for attempts to prevent major Soviet breakthroughs.
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This sets Hitler apart from other dictators of the time, such as Benito Mussolini who appointed himself First Marshal of the Empire and wore a full Italian military uniform with many state and military decoration displayed. Adolf Hitler, who served as Führer of the Nazi Party, held the absolute highest possible Nazi Party position. Albert Speer (in his book Inside the Third Reich) remarked that Hitler was the only party member to wear an embroidered "Eagle of Sovereignty Pin" on his civilian jackets (every other member wearing the round party badge), though the jacket design itself did not differ from other civilian jackets of the time. This "Führer Badge" was the only unique insignia ever created to denote Hitler's rank as Führer.
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Hans Jonas, "Heidegger and Theology" in The Phenomenon > of Life: Toward a Philosophical Biology (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern > University Press, 2001), p.247. . Jonas' reading can be supported by citations from Heidegger's lectures during and immediately following the time he was rector. In "On the Essence and Concept of Nature, History and State", for instance, Heidegger appears to give a direct ontological sanction to Hitler's absolute rule: > ...The origin of all political action is not in knowledge, but in being. > Every Führer is a Führer, must be a Führer [italics in original], in > accordance with the stamp in his being, and simultaneously, in the living > unfolding of his proper essence, he understands, thinks, and puts into > action what the people and the state are.
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In 1896, accompanied by the local Nepalese governor, General Khadga Shamsher, Führer discovered a major inscription on a pillar of Ashoka, an inscription which, together with other evidence, confirmed Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha. The pillar itself had been known for sometime already, as it had already been reported by Khadga Shamsher to Vincent Arthur Smith a few year earlier. Führer made his great discovery when he dug the earth around the pillar and reported the discovery of the inscription in a pristine state about one meter under the surface. Führer claimed that the locals called the site "Rummindei", which he identified with the legendary "Lumbini", whereas it was found that the site was only called "Rupa-devi".
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James Adams works undercover with MI5 as a Brigands Motorcycle Club biker, trying to bring down its leader Ralph "The Führer" Donnington (continuing from his mission in the previous CHERUB book Brigands M.C.). His girlfriend Kerry Chang is also working with him as an interpreter in a set-up weapons deal. The police surround them and the Führer tries to escape but ends up falling down a cliff and breaking his leg. He is taken into police custody.
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The RSD was founded on 15 March 1933 as the Führerschutzkommando ("Führer protection command"; FSK) under the command of then SS-Standartenführer Johann Rattenhuber. His deputy was Peter Högl. Originally charged with protecting the Führer only while he was inside the borders of Bavaria, its members consisted of criminal-police detectives of the Bavarian police. Since the small group was made up of Bavarian police officers, they could only operate within the area of their authority.
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Viertel der NSDAP Two buildings of the Nazi party constructed by Paul Troost next to the temples still exist; in one of them, the Führerbau, the Munich Agreement was signed in 1938. Today it is a school for music and theatre called the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München. Nazi book burnings occurred at Königsplatz in 1933.United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The March to the Führer (Der Marsch zum Führer) is a Nazi propaganda film released in 1940.
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The word Führer in the sense of "leader" remained common in numerous compound words such as Oppositionsführer (Leader of the opposition). However, because of its strong association with Hitler, the isolated word usually has negative connotations when used with the meaning of "leader", especially in political contexts. The word Führer has cognates in the Scandinavian languages, spelled fører in Danish and Norwegian which have the same meaning and use as the German word, but without necessarily having political connotations.
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Despite voting for Hitler over Hindenburg in 1932, Spengler found the Führer vulgar. He met Hitler in 1933 and after a lengthy discussion remained unimpressed, saying that Germany did not need a "heroic tenor [Heldentenor: one of several conventional tenor classifications] but a real hero [Held]". He quarreled publicly with Alfred Rosenberg, and his pessimism and remarks about the Führer resulted in isolation and public silence. He further rejected offers from Joseph Goebbels to give public speeches.
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In 1995 his radio play Führer was BBC Radio 4's flagship drama for its End of the War in Europe anniversary programmes. His daughter is the Steeleye Span singer Maddy Prior.
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A 1553 survey report mentions three cabinets in the castle.Joachim Zeune: Hiltpoltstein, Lkr. Forchheim. In: Björn-Uwe Abels, Joachim Zeune, et al.: Führer zu archäologischen Denkmälern in Deutschland, Band 20: Fränkische Schweiz.
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The mayor is Harald Führer (CSU/Freie Bürgerliste). In 2002 he succeeded Günter Hofmann (Freie Wählergemeinschaft). Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €2,520,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €457,000.
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In the Name of the Führer () is a 1977 Belgian documentary film directed by Lydia Chagoll. It received the André Cavens Award for Best Film given by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC).
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Volker Koop, "Dem Führer ein Kind schenken": die SS-Organisation Lebensborn e.V., Cologne: Böhlau, 2007, , p. 72 At the Nuremberg Trials the Loibl company was described as "still earning considerable funds for 'Ahnenerbe'".
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Kluck was born in Münster, Westphalia on 20 May 1846. He was the son of architect Karl von Kluck and his wife Elisabeth, née Tiedemann.Franz Weigl: Unsere Führer im Weltkrieg. Kösel, Kempten 1915.
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With also renovated data about the different minerals present of the rocks of the formation.Frech, F. (1904). Geologischer Führer durch Oberschlesien und in die Breslauer Gegend. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 227-240.
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Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. p. 118. . He was also a confidant and on the staff of Rudolf Hess, the Deputy Führer until Hess' failed peace mission to England in May 1941.
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She directed the 1977 documentary film In the Name of the Führer (In naam van de Führer), which received the André Cavens Award for Best Film given by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC). In 1982, she directed Voor de glimlach van een kind (For the smile of a child) about child abuse. She campaigned throughout Belgium and in 1983 founded SOS Enfants/SOS Kinderen. In 2014, at the age of 83, she directed Ma Bister about the persecution of the Romani.
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After the Night of the Long Knives, when the SS became independent from the SA, Hitler was listed on SS officer rolls as member No. 1 and considered supreme commander of the entire SS (Oberster Führer der Schutzstaffel: Literally, "Supreme Leader of the SS") by virtue of his position as the Führer of Germany. There is no photographic record of Hitler ever wearing an actual SS uniform nor was there a special SS insignia for Hitler above that worn by Himmler.
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St. Nicholas Church, interior Demonstrators with banners. This demonstration took place after the fall of the wall. Despite the policy of state atheism in East Germany, Christian pastor Christian Führer regularly met with his congregation at St. Nicholas Church in Leipzig for prayer since 1982. In Leipzig the demonstrations began on 4 September 1989 after the weekly (prayer for peace) in the St. Nicholas Church with parson Christian Führer, and eventually filled the nearby Karl Marx Square (today known again as Augustusplatz).
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The German-language translation of Dragačevac's letter was soon sent from the Office of the Führer to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the intelligence wing of the Nazi Party and the Schutzstaffel (SS). On 16 May, the SD circulated an internal memorandum denouncing Dragačevac for levelling "the most brutal insults and accusations against the Führer," and further ordering that he be arrested. Dragačevac was arrested by the Gestapo on 9 June 1941, more than two months after sending his letter.Ćirković 2009, p.
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Himmler however, never chose to wear a Nazi Party uniform and all photographs of him are in either civilian clothes or in his SS uniform. Other high Nazi positions, that did not entail any particular insignia, included the office of Deputy Führer held by Rudolf Hess until he personally flew his Messerschmitt Bf110 fighter plane to Scotland and crash landed at Eaglesham in 1941. He was captured, imprisoned and then sent to England. The office of Deputy Führer was thereafter abolished.
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In January 1951, it was decided to have a two-part picture, the first dealing with the time from the end of World War I to 1930, and the second taking off in 1932 and continuing until the founding of the German Democratic Republic. The two parts were named Ernst Thälmann - Sohn des Volkes and Ernst Thälmann - Führer des Volkes (son and leader of the people, respectively). The titles were later changed to Sohn and Führer seiner Klasse.Davidson, Hake. p. 96.
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That said, however, Führer had taught Sanskrit for three years at St. Xavier's College, Bombay,Arx, Urs von (2005). In Marco Jorio, Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz vol. 4, Basel: Schwabe and was one of the editors of Epigraphia Indica;Führer, Alois Anton; Hultzsch, E; Burgess, James (1892-1894). Epigraphia Indica: a collection of inscriptions supplementary to the Corpus inscriptionum Indicarum, Calcutta: Government printing that he had translated Sanskrit texts, and that nidhane occurs commonly enough in such Sanskrit textual sources.
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The book which Busch had written had only immediate value. The book also caused offence because of a description of a German church service which, however, Busch concluded in a contemporary way: "We have paid tribute to our fallen comrades who bravely and proudly went to death for our Führer, our race, and our Fatherland...Long live the Führer."(Busch)Adam 2010. In autumn 1941 the book was withdrawn from the market, after the publisher had already sold 615,000 copies.c.f.
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In words of German origin, the letters with umlauts ä, ö, ü may be written ae, oe, ue.Robbin D. Knapp, "German English Words: A Popular Dictionary of German Words Used in English" (2005) p. 108: "When German words with umlauts are assimilated into the English language, they sometimes keep their umlauts (e.g., doppelgänger, Flügelhorn, föhn, Der Freischütz, führer, jäger, kümmel, Künstlerroman, schweizerkäse, über-), but often are ..." This could be seen in many newspapers during World War II, which printed Fuehrer for Führer.
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The appointments made to the OKW and the motive behind the reorganization are commonly thought to be Hitler's desire to consolidate power and authority around his position as Führer and Reich Chancellor (Führer und Reichskanzler), to the detriment of the military leadership of the Wehrmacht. Furthermore, Hitler did not want to create a tri- service joint command, or appointment of a single joint Chief of Staff, as he feared it would break his image of having the "Midas touch" concerning military strategy.
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From 1888 started severe lobbying aimed at reducing Government expenses, and at curtailing the budget of the Archaeological Survey of India, a period of about ten years known as the "Buck crisis", after the Liberal Edward Buck. In effect, this severely threatened the employment of the employees of the ASI, including Führer, who had just started a family and become a father. These existential threats to his livelihood may have become "a motive for misbehaviour" on the part of Führer.
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The three SS divisions and the Leibstandarte spent the winter of 1939 and the spring of 1940 training and preparing for the coming war in the west. In May, they moved to the front, and the Leibstandarte was attached to the army's 227th Infantry Division. The Der Führer Regiment was detached from the SS-VT Division and attached to the 207th Infantry Division. The SS-VT Division minus Der Führer was concentrated near Münster awaiting the invasion of The Netherlands.
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The title Führer von Brabant is often altered to Schützer in performances since 1945, because the former title has acquired meanings unforeseen by Wagner. Führer formerly meant 'Leader' or 'Guide'. The Herald further announces that the Knight will lead the people to glorious new conquests, and will celebrate the marriage of himself and Elsa. In the back of the crowd, four noblemen quietly express misgivings to each other because the Knight has rescinded their privileges and is calling them to arms.
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The Nazi organization most responsible for carrying out The Holocaust in the Baltic states was the Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst), generally referred to by its initials SD. The SD, which organized the Einsatzgruppen, conducted itself in accordance with the understanding that a fundamental order, sometimes called the Führer Order (Führerbefehl) existed to kill the Jews.Ezergailis, The Holocaust in Latvia, at pages 204-205 Sandberger received his knowledge of the Führer order from Bruno Streckenbach, an official with Department IV of the German National Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, or RSHA).Ezergailis, The Holocaust in Latvia, at page 149. According to Sandberger's testimony as an accused in the Einsatzgruppen trial after the war, Streckenbach gave a speech (at the Gestapo headquarters in Berlin on Prince Albertstrasse) about the Führer order, which Sandberger attended.
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Election banner, November 1933: "One People, one Leader, one 'Yes'" In another speech a few days later, Heidegger endorsed the German election of November 1933, in which the electorate was presented with a single Nazi-approved list of candidates: > The German people has been summoned by the Führer to vote; the Führer, > however, is asking nothing from the people; rather, he is giving the people > the possibility of making, directly, the highest free decision of all: > whether itthe entire peoplewants its own existence (Dasein), or whether it > does not want it. [...] On November 12, the German people as a whole will > choose its future, and this future is bound to the Führer. [...] There are > not separate foreign and domestic policies. There is only one will to the > full existence (Dasein) of the State.
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Led by Reichsführer-SS Lothar Prützmann, the SS carries out a conservative coup d'état, imprisons the Führer, and installs former High Commissioner of Ostland Affairs, Odilo Globocnik, as the new Führer. However, Stolle instigates a people power movement, which the Wehrmacht supports. The coup d'état is defeated after Walther Stutzman salts the country's computer network with the information about Reichsführer-SS Prützmann's Tay-Sachs afflicted nephew. Soon, Berlin comes to the conclusion that Prützmann is a Jew, which definitively turns the tide against the coup.
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Rabbi Leo Baeck, a spiritual leader at Theresienstadt, stated that "The effect on our morale was devastating. We felt forgotten and forsaken." In August and September, a propaganda film that became known as Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt ("The Führer Gives a City to the Jews"), was shot, but it was never distributed. On 23 September, Eppstein, Zucker, and Murmelstein were told that Theresienstadt's war production was inadequate and as a consequence 5,000 Jews would be deported to a new labor camp run by Zucker.
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Hitler actually spent very little time in Berlin during the war, and the dwellings he most frequently used were the Berghof and the Wolfsschanze, spending more than 800 days at the latter. The Führer Headquarters were especially designed to work as command facilities for the Führer, which meant all necessary demands were taken into consideration; communications, conference rooms, safety measures, bunkers, guard facilities etc. were prepared accordingly. Even Berghof and the Obersalzberg complex were modified and extended with considerable defense facilities (bunkers, guard posts etc.).
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In 1882, Führer was able to publish two lectures about Hindu Law in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Retrospectively, the lectures have been shown to be almost entirely plagiarized from earlier works: only about one tenth of the content has been shown to be his own. Führer left the Catholic Church around 1884 and converted to Anglicanism which cost him his job; he returned to Germany, from where he applied for a new job in the museum in Lucknow in India.
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Rosemarie thinks "Jupp" resembles Hitler and observes that he even has the same birthday. On the train, they have sex, with her crying out "Mein Führer!" as she climaxes, without her noticing that he is circumcised.
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Helmuth Friedrichs (born 22 September 1899 in Otterndorf – died probably February 1945) was a German Nazi Party official. He was an important figure in the Office of the Deputy Führer and its successor the Nazi Party Chancellery.
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Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2004, , page 96: " ... Ermutigt kehrt er zu seinen Aufgaben zurück / und wünscht jenem kühnen, / das allgemeine Schicksal tragenden Kämpfer und Führer / Heil und Glück." Next year he stayed away from the embarrassing event.
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235–236 At 23:40 on 26 May, Admiral Lütjens delivered to Group West, the German command base, the signal "Ship unmanoeuvrable. We will fight to the last shell. Long live the Führer."Jackson 2002, p. 91.
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Of the 333 objects, only 230 were actually offered to Hitler's Führer museum and 49 were saved for France and given to the Louvre. After the war all were lost, but gradually 148 objects could be rediscovered.
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In January 1898, Führer was again involved in a major discovery, that of the reliquaries at Piprahwa, but apparently arrived only after the discovery was made, and apparently did not have time to tamper with the evidence.
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The Stifflers were part of the network of hoteliers exploiting the tourism boom in Pontrsina.Michael Caviezel: Das Oberengadin. Ein Führer auf Spaziergängen, grossen und kleinen Touren., Gengel Chur 1876 p. 136 The marriage produced six recorded children.
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From the twelve, a smaller eight-man team called the SS- Begleitkommando des Führers (SS Escort Command of the Führer; SS-BKdF) was chosen to protect Hitler as he travelled outside Munich and the borders of Bavaria, Germany. As a member of the unit, Schädle guarded Hitler at the various Führer Headquarters and accompanied him on all his trips. He also served on the staff of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler from 1 May 1934. On 5 January 1945, Schädle was appointed commander of the bodyguard unit after the dismissal of Bruno Gesche.
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In a 1993 essay "Working Towards the Führer", Kershaw argued that the German and Soviet dictatorships had more differences than similarities. Kershaw argued that Hitler was a very unbureaucratic leader who was highly averse to paper work in marked contrast to Stalin. Likewise, Kershaw argued that Stalin was highly involved in the running of the Soviet Union in contrast to Hitler whose involvement in day-to-day decision making was limited, infrequent and capricious.Kershaw, Ian "'Working Towards the Führer' Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship" pp.
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Hamilton was invited by Hermann Göring to inspect the newly reinstated Luftwaffe, for his professional interest in aviation. It has been suggested that Hamilton either through his own initiative or under instruction indulged in some minor espionage during these occasions. He claimed not to have met the deputy Führer Rudolf Hess while in Germany, although did attend a dinner party in Berlin also attended by the deputy Führer. As both were highly competent pilots with an avid interest in aviation, there is speculation as to the reliability of this assertion.
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Map showing the location of Felsennest, and other Führer Headquarters throughout Europe At the start of the Western European campaign of 1940, the Felsennest ("Rocky Eyrie" in English) was the codename for one of Hitler's Führer Headquarters near Bad Münstereifel, Germany. It was much more cramped than Adolf Hitler's other field bunkers, having only four rooms. Hitler was at the Felsennest in the autumn of 1939, because there were plans to invade France and the Low Countries. He was there again on May 10, 1940 when the invasion took place.
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You are all witnesses for the fact that on all Sundays and holidays at the main service we pray in all churches for the Führer as we have promised in the Concordat. And now one can read in big letters of the papers at the street corners, 'They pray for Hitler's death!' We feel offended on account of this questioning of our loyalty to the state. We will today give an answer, a Christian answer: Catholic men, we will now pray together a paternoster for the life of the Führer.
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'"; Rhodes, pp. 204–205: "Mit brennender Sorge did not prevaricate... Nor was the Führer himself spared, for his 'aspirations to divinity', 'placing himself on the same level as Christ': 'a mad prophet possessed of repulsive arrogance' (widerliche Hochmut)."; "It was not the case that Pius failed to "spare the Führer," or called him a "mad prophet possessed of repulsive arrogance." The text limits its critique of arrogance to unnamed Nazi "reformers" (John Connelly, Harvard University Press, 2012, "From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933–1965", p.
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172: "the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge was read in Catholic Churches in Germany. In effect it taught that the racial ideas of the leader (Führer) and totalitarianism stood in opposition to the Catholic faith; Bokenkotter, pp. 389–392; Historian Michael Phayer wrote that the encyclical doesn't condemn Hitler or National Socialism, "as some have erroneously asserted" (Phayer, 2002), p. 2; "His encyclical Mit brennender Sorge was the 'first great official public document to dare to confront and criticize Nazism' and even described the Führer himself as a 'mad prophet possessed of repulsive arrogance.
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Under official instructions from the Government of India, Führer's resignation was accepted and he was relieved of his positions, his papers seized and his offices inspected by Vincent Arthur Smith on 22 September 1898. Smith's report is given in the appendix to this article and is available here: . Führer had written in 1897 a monograph on his discoveries in Nigali Sagar and Lumbini, Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth-place in the Nepalese tarai, which was withdrawn from circulation by the Government. Führer was dismissed and returned to Europe with his family.
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The next day, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler ordered the closure of the gas chambers. All known complete prints of Gerron's final film, which was to have been called Theresienstadt. Ein Dokumentarfilm aus dem jüdischen Siedlungsgebiet (Terezin: A Documentary Film of the Jewish Resettlement), and which is also referred to as Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt (The Führer Gives the Jews a City), were destroyed in 1945. Twenty minutes of footage were discovered in Czechoslovakia in the mid-1960s, and today the film exists only in fragmentary form.
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Schtonk! subtitled Der Film zum Buch vom Führer ("The film accompanying the Führer's book") is a 1992 German satirical film which retells the story of the 1983 Hitler Diaries hoax. It was written and directed by Helmut Dietl.
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Orlow, p. 77 Von Wulffen was also director of Personnel Matters Department within Deputy Führer office. Later switching to the Schutzstaffel he transferred to the staff of the Reichsführer-SS and eventually obtained the Brigadeführer in that organisation.
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Hitler blamed Germany's parliamentary government for many of the nation's ills. The Nazis and especially Hitler associated democracy with the failed Weimar government and the punitive Treaty of Versailles.Stern (1992). Hitler: The Führer and the People, p. 14.
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If this major obstacle could be cleared, German units could initiate a full withdrawal from the Falaise Pocket.Fey, p. 175 The first attack against Polish positions was by the "Der Führer" Regiment of the 2nd SS Panzer Division.
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Harald Marx: Gemäldegalerie Dresden - Führer Alte Meister . E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 3. Aufl., 2006, , pp. 8-17. After another building alteration between 1872 and 1876, the Stallgebäude was renamed the Johanneum, after the Saxonian King John (Johann in German).
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Göring brings the bag to Hitler, who plays solitaire in front of a map depicting the decline of Fortress Europe. Göring identifies the captive in the bag as "Bugsenheimer Bunny" (as opposed to "Weisenheimer", or "wise guy") to der Führer.
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The OMS's international headquarters resided in Berlin. Its address was 131-132 Wilhelmstrasse in the offices of Führer Verlag. The OMS's training school lay in Kuntsevo near Moscow, with additional training available in Berlin. Other sources call it the Lenin School.
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Banner with the campaign message "Yes to the Führer!" A referendum on merging the posts of Chancellor and President was held in Germany on 19 August 1934,D. Nohlen and P. Stöver (2010), Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook, p. 762, .
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On 20 April 1945, Ribbentrop attended Hitler's 56th birthday party in Berlin.Bloch, p. 425. Three days later, Ribbentrop attempted to meet with Hitler, but was rejected with the explanation the Führer had more important things to do.Bloch, pp. 425–426.
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Führer-Buch (August 28, 1959), p. 134. In 1959, Peter's wife of 41 years Margaritha (née Bohren, 1871) died. She had had her own career in Grindelwald as a midwife from 1935 to 1951."In Memoriam: Peter Kaufmann [-Bohren]," 1971.
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For example, he was director of the new government's fine arts and antiquities ministry (Antichità e Belle Arti, 1945–48). His memoir of fascism in Italy was published in 1995 (Hitler e Mussolini, 1938: il viaggio del Führer in Italia).
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That marked the beginning of a recurring pattern where Goerdeler would invest great hopes in his beloved German Army rising up against Hitler, only to discover repeatedly that Army officers much preferred to fight for the Führer to fighting against him.
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Ein Führer durch seine Sehenswürdigkeiten. Selbstverlag des Verfassers, Berlin o. J. [um 1906], zum Bild und zur Bildergalerie (unten) S. 31, zu den Besucherzahlen S. 6. The picture was against the window wall, opening the view to Unter den Linden.
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327 n. 68. It was said that Ohlsen was the lover of Baldur von Schirach, the Reichsjugendführer (Reich Youth Führer), leader of the Hitler Youth. Von Schirach was replaced in 1940 by Artur Axmann, perhaps in part due to these allegations.
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The topping-out ceremony took place on January 18, 1937,Abend- und Nachtausgabe. Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro GmbH 4. Jahrgang 1937 vom 18. Januar 1937: Der Führer beim Richtfest in Berchtesgaden the completion of the aboveground building took place in July 1937.
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Wuppermann received the coveted Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 14 April 1943. Kapitänleutnant Wuppermann helped establish the 21. and 22. Schnellbootflottillen in Eckernförde in May 1943 and was then transferred to the Stab of the Führer der Schnellboote.
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Kondomari, Crete by German Paratroopers 1941 Following the Yugoslav coup d'état on 27 March 1941, Hitler considered this act to be a personal insult and called for the immediate destruction of Yugoslavia via Führer Directive 25. Commencing on 6 April 1941, Führer Directive 25 was enacted with a large scale bombing of Belgrade occurring in the early hours of the invasion. Indiscriminate bombing of civilian targets lead to the deaths of between 1,500 and 17,000 civilians. Following the end of the war, Generaloberst Alexander Löhr was found guilty of war crimes including his part in the bombing of Belgrade.
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Vehicle standard for Hess while serving as Deputy Führer On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor, his first step in gaining dictatorial control of Germany. Hess was named Deputy Führer (Stellvertreter des Führers) of the Nazi Party on 21 April. On 2 June 1933 he was made one of 16 Reichsleiters in the Party hierarchy. On 1 July he was raised to the rank of Obergruppenführer in the Schutzstaffel (SS). However, by 20 September Hitler decreed that he stop using the titles of Reichsleiter and Obergruppenführer, and use only the title of "Deputy Fuhrer".
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It is, therefore, > quite possible that the deputy Führer may have seen him on one such > occasion. As soon as the interview was over, Wing Commander the Duke of > Hamilton flew to England and gave a full report of what had passed to the > Prime Minister, who sent for him. Contrary to reports which have appeared in > some newspapers, the Duke has never been in correspondence with the Deputy > Führer. None of the Duke's three brothers, who are, like him, serving in the > Royal Air Force has either met Hess or has had correspondence with him.
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Der Führer, edition: 13 May 1934: "Militär-Großkonzert mit Schlachtenfeuerwerk im Stadtgarten", "Der Aufmarsch am Sonntag", "Ruf an die Soldaten", "Ein Rundgang durchs Armee-Museum" ("Grand military concert and battle fireworks in the city garden", "The deployment in sunday", "Call to the soldiers", "A tour through the Army Museum")Der Führer, edition: 13 May 1934, Le Temps, 13 May 1934, p. 1, "DÉPÊCHES DE L' ÉTRANGER", s. a. Rosebrock: "Kurt Martin", pp. 49–53 In his opening speech from the balcony of the palace, Martin declared that the museum had benefited from over one thousand donations of military antiques.
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The five Digambara Jain temples had been built in 1781 CE to mark the birth places of five tirthankaras, who are said to have been born at Ayodhya. A Svetambara Jain temple dedicated to Ajitanatha was built in 1881. Based on local folk narratives, Führer wrote that Ayodhya had three Hindu temples at the time of Muslim conquest: Janmasthanam (where Rama was born), Svargadvaram (where Rama was cremated) and Treta-ke-Thakur (where Rama performed a sacrifice). According to Führer, Mir Khan built the Babri mosque at the place of Janmasthanam temple in 930 AH (1523 CE).
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One scene was filmed on 20 January 1944, but most of the filming took place during eleven days between 16 August and 11 September 1944. The film, officially Theresienstadt. Ein Dokumentarfilm aus dem jüdischen Siedlungsgebiet ("Theresienstadt: A Documentary Film from the Jewish Settlement Area"), was dubbed Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt ("The Führer Gives a City to the Jews") by Jewish prisoners. Completed on 28 March 1945, the film was intended to discredit reports of the genocide of Jews reaching the Western Allies and neutral countries, but it was only screened four times and did not achieve its objective.
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Hitler in his brownshirt SA uniform wearing the Nuremberg Party Day Badge and his World War I Iron Cross Chancellor and President. After Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party, he began acquiring paramilitary-like titles and using Nazi Party paramilitary uniforms to denote his position. Hitler's main title within the Nazi Party was simply that of Führer (leader) and there was never any special uniform designed for Hitler's position. The brown Nazi Party uniform that Hitler is most often associated with was a paramilitary uniform of the SA and denoted Hitler's position as Oberster SA- Führer.
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Adolf Hitler was made Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. According to Emmanuel Faye, Heidegger supported the "necessity of a Führer" for Germany as early as 1918. But Heidegger spoke actually of the "necessity of leaders" or "guides" (genitive plural: die Notwendigkeit der Führer) because "only individuals are creative (even to lead), the crowd never", which sounds more platonic than Nazi; Heidegger in the same letter17 October 1918 speaks about people who are rightly "appalled at the Pan-Germanic chimerae" after first World War. In a number of speeches during November 1933, Heidegger endorses the Führerprinzip ("leader principle"), i.e.
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The Führer had lost faith in him. All the suggestions > from which he had expected a radical change in the situation of war in the > air had been rejected; the Führer had announced that the Luftwaffe had > disappointed him too often, and a change over from the offensive to > defensive in the air against England was out of the question. After a time Göring U-turned. Göring announced that the only way to stop such destruction was to initiate heavy retaliatory strikes at the enemy so that they would not dare risk another raid like Hamburg without the fear of similar retribution.
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Map of the Führer Headquarters-FHQ Wasserburg is depicted on the upper right side of the map The Führerhauptquartier Wasserburg, also known simply as "Wasserburg", was a bunker facility built by the Organization Todt as a front- line Führer Headquarters for Adolf Hitler during the Second World War about four kilometers north-west of Pleskau (Russian: Pskov) in the Soviet Union, on a loop of the Welikaja River. The construction began on 1 November 1942. The centerpiece of the complex was an old castle-like mansion.Hook, Adam and Short, Neil (2010) The Führer’s Headquarters: Hitler’s command bunkers 1939–45 Osprey Publishing. p.
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The 1920s brought joblessness, inflation, poverty and hunger. National Socialism does not seem to have played much of a rôle in Laubach (apart from the occasional Nazi) compared with the rest of Germany. This entry from the local schoolteacher in the school and village chronicle in 1933 says: > With the seizure of power by the Führer Adolf Hitler and the NSDAP, the > whole outlook changes. One thing, nonetheless, can be expected to come along > with the movement: inwardly, some are its adversaries now just as they were > before. They knowingly belong to those whom the Führer “broadly renounces”.
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Ritter argued, "National Socialism is not an originally German growth, but the German form of a European phenomenon: the one-party or Führer state", which was the result of "modern industrial society with its uniform mass humanity".Iggers, Georg The German Conception of History, Middletown: Connecticut; Wesleyan University Press, 1968 page 258. Along the same lines, Ritter wrote that "not any event in German history, but the great French Revolution undermined the firm foundation of Europe's political traditions. It also coined the new concepts and slogans with whose help the modern state of the Volk and the Führer justifies its existence".
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The Wehrmachtbericht, a daily propaganda broadcast covering the war, was also transmitted from the Führer Headquarters. The Fuhrerhauptquartiere programme used over one million cubic metres of concrete, more than half at Anlage Riese and Wolfsschlucht II. Forced labourers worked for nearly twelve million working days; two-thirds at Anlage Riese, Wolfsschlucht II and Wolfsschanze. The Führer Headquarters cannot be considered as strict military headquarters; the Wehrmacht had their own, distinctly located in other places, yet often in the vicinity of the FHQs. Nevertheless, since Hitler directly controlled much of the German war effort, the FHQs more than often became de facto military headquarters.
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Führer went to Sanchi during the 1891–1892 season and recovered tens of unpublished donative inscriptions, but these could not have the impact he hoped for. Only a new inscription by King Ashoka, for example, could achieve sufficient impact with public opinion. Meanwhile, Edward Buck announced in 1892 that the Archaeological Survey of India would be shut down and all ASI staff would be dismissed by 1895, in order to generate savings for the Government's budget. The prospect of being fired anyway may have prompted Führer to act recklessly with his discoveries in a desperate attempt to avoid that fate.
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The Nigali Sagar pillar (also called "Nigliva" pillar) was initially discovered by a Nepalese officer on a hunting expedition in 1893."In 1893 a Nepalese officer on a hunting expedition found an Asokan pillar near Nigliva, at Nigali Sagar." In March 1895, Führer inspected the Nigali Sagar pillar, one of the pillars of Ashoka, and identified a Brahmi inscription said to be also from the time of Ashoka. Besides his description of the pillar, Führer made a detailed description of the remains of a monumental "Konagamana stupa" near the Nigali Sagar pillar, which was later discovered to be an imaginative construct.
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Mohnke's command post was in the bunkers under the Reich Chancellery. He formed Kampfgruppe Mohnke (Battle Group Mohnke), divided into two weak regiments. It was made up of the LSSAH Flak Company, replacements from LSSAH Training and Reserve Battalion from Spreenhagan (under Standartenfuhrer Anhalt), 600 men from the Begleit-Bataillon Reichsführer-SS, the Führer-Begleit-Company, and the core group—800 men of the LSSAH Guard Battalion assigned to guard the Führer. On 23 April, the Reich Chancellery ordered Brigadeführer Gustav Krukenberg to proceed to Berlin with his men, who were reorganised as Sturmbataillon ("assault battalion") "Charlemagne".
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Petropolous, p 260 According to Jonathan Petropolous, Eberstein was part of Himmler's strategy to attract members of the nobility and aristocracy to the SS. Eberstein obtained the officer rank SS-Sturmführer on 1 April 1929. He also joined the SA in July 1930, but left it in February 1933. Eberstein eventually reached the high rank of SS-Obergruppenführer,IMT, Trial of the Major War Criminals, Vol 20 Day 194 held two HSSPF posts, and was the Führer of SS- Oberabschnitt Mitte (and Elbe when Mitte was absorbed), and then later Führer of SS-Oberabschnitt Süd for over 10 years.
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Red Roses for the Fuhrer (Italian: Rose rosse per il führer) is 1968 Italian war drama film directed by Fernando Di Leo and starring James Daly, Pier Angeli and Peter van Eyck.Allen p.179 It is also known as Code Name, Red Roses.
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On 19 February 1988 Führer held a speech Living and Staying in the GDR (Leben und Bleiben in der DDR) in the Nikolai Church. Many opposition members attended the speech which marks a special date of east German resistance against the Honecker Regime.
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Werner Willikens (8 February 1893 in Vienenburg - 25 October 1961 in Wolfenbüttel) was a German politician with the Nazi Party. His phrase "working towards the Führer", which he used in a 1934 speech, has become a common description of Nazi bureaucracy in literature.
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He did profess loyalty to the Führer and make anti-Semitic remarks on occasion. However, his emphasis was always on space over race.Mattern, p. 20. He refused to associate himself with anti-Semitism as a policy, especially because his wife was half-Jewish.
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Hitler often denounced democracy, equating it with internationalism. Since democratic ideals espoused equality for all men, it represented to Hitler and his Nazi ideologues the notion of mob rule and the hatred of excellence.Stern (1992). Hitler: The Führer and the People, p. 88.
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The once liberal, anti-nationalist, was then inducted into the SS and SD in August 1934. Hauer became the (Führer) of the German Faith Movement when it was constituted in May 1934. His reign was short-lived, stepping down on April 1, 1936.
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The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Book. , 10: 0-8117-3250-9. p. 141 In response to the Rashid Ali coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 30 on 23 May 1941, to support their cause.
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The Germans received news about Mussolini's arrest around 19:30 and informed Berlin immediately. The Führer was infuriated.Bianchi (1963), p. 702 Farinacci went to the German embassy, where Kesselring suggested that he join the armored Division "M", a group of devoted Fascists.
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The party was formed by Adrien Arcand in February 1934. It was known in English as the Christian National Socialist Party. Arcand was a Quebec-based fascist and antisemite. An admirer of Adolf Hitler, Arcand referred to himself as the "Canadian führer".
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On Friedrich Mayer see Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon - Mayer, Friedrich (Theophil) (1793-1858); P. Hawkshaw, 45. After Robert Führer saw the score, he suggested Bruckner study with Simon Sechter,K.W. Kinder, p. 35 and after seeing the mass, Sechter accepted Bruckner as a pupil.
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Beginning in January 1945, Högl spent time in the Führerbunker located below the Reich Chancellery garden in central Berlin. In April 1945, it became a de facto Führer Headquarters during the Battle of Berlin, and ultimately, the last one of Hitler's headquarters.
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New York: Berghahn Books, 2012. and Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin. In his contribution, the latter also sketched out a plan for German settlement in the East.Stephan Malinowski, "From King to Führer: The German Aristocracy and the Nazi Movement", in GHIL Bulletin, Vol.
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After working up, Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp became the flagship of the Commander of Torpedo Boats (Führer der Torpedoboote) Rear Admiral (Konteradmiral) Günther Lütjens and patrolled the Skagerrak to inspect neutral shipping for contraband goods in late September.Koop & Schmolke, pp. 24, 101; Rohwer, p.
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That morning, on the 27 May 1941, Lütjens sent a request for a U-Boat to pick up the ship's war diary. In this last transmission, Lütjens included: "Ship no longer manoeuvrable. We fight to the last shell. Long live the Führer".
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This symbolizes the joining of the area to the Reich. On the reverse is the inscription date "1. Oktober 1938" (1 October 1938). The date is surrounded with the words "Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer" (One People, One Nation, One Leader).
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The daily number of Soviet prisoners ranged from around 400 to slightly over 1,000 people. In March 1942, its commandant was Hauptmann Maldbenden and the commandant of the guard service (Führer v. Dienst) Kirstein Kos.State Archives in Łódź, Sondergericht in Litzmannstadt, ref.
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Otto Wagner. Moderne Architektur: Seinen Schülern ein Führer auf diesem Kunstgebiete. Anton Schroll. 1902.Otto Wagner. Translated by Harry Francis Mallgrave. Modern Architecture: A Guidebook for His Students to This Field of Art. Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities. 1988.
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Our task is > now to defeat the enemy. I know that each one of you, true to his oath to > the colors, will carry out his duties. Great things will be asked of you, > and you will show the bravest fighting valor. Salute the Führer.
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Christian Führer grew up in Langenleuba-Oberhain, Saxony. He studied Theology from 1961 until 1966 at the University of Leipzig. He worked as Pastor in Colditz until 1980 when he became the Pastor of the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig. He retired on 4 July 2008.
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Samuel Pletscher: Führer durch den Schwarzwald, Odenwald, Kaiserstuhl, Randengebirge, Hegau, Donauthal. Zurich, 1883. (Ausschnitt Digitalisat) In fact, the name Hochblauen was normal for the latter on as shown on topographic maps of the time,Todtnau. Sheet XI.2 in: Topographischer Atlas ueber das Grossherzogtum Baden.
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These rapid advances on the Eastern Front destroyed additional veteran German combat units and severely limited German Führer Adolf Hitler's ability to reinforce his Rhine defenses. With the Western Allies making final preparations for their powerful offensive into the German heartland, victory was imminent.
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Batz was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () on 20 July for 188 victories, 200 being achieved on 17 August 1944. The award was presented by Adolf Hitler at the Führerhauptquartier (Führer Headquarters) at Rastenburg on 25 August 1944.
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In 1962 the legal authorities of Lower Saxony opened a preliminary investigation into Heinze, but the proceedings were halted after Heinze, represented by the lawyer Kurt Giese (formerly a senior lawyer in the Private Chancellery of the Führer), was declared psychologically unfit for the process.
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He also had a recurring role on the HBO show Girls as the character Booth Jonathan. In 2015, Taccone appeared in the Kickstarter short movie Kung Fury as Adolf Hitler (A.K.A. Kung-Führer). He will play this role again in the sequel Kung Fury 2.
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W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York. The Greater German Reich (red) and its allies in 1942, with Reichskommissariats A Führer Decree of 17 July 1941 provided for this move. It established Reichskommissariats in the east, as administrative units of the Greater German Reich.
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Historisches Museum Basel (1994): Historisches Museum Basel. Führer durch die Sammlungen. Merrell Holberton, London, p. 87. In contrast, the care and storage of the Basel Cathedral Treasury that had lost its liturgical value in the Reformation did not bear the character of a museum.
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As a result of contact with notable musicians of Salzburg, St Peter's possesses a significant collection, much of it in holograph, with works by Johann Ernst Eberlin, Anton Cajetan Adlgasser, Leopold and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Sigismund von Neukomm, Robert Führer, and Karl Santner.
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He felt compelled to remain with Hitler "for reasons of humanity and personal loyalty". Further, his wife and children would be staying, as well. They would end their lives "side by side with the Führer". In the mid- afternoon of 30 April, Hitler shot himself.
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As the postal ministry acquired the majority of assets from the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft; a network of broadcasting companies in Germany, it is clear that the authorities owned and controlled most broadcasting companies in Germany from the beginning.Karl Christian Führer, ‘A Medium of Modernity? Broadcasting in Weimar Germany, 1923–1932’, The Journal of Modern History, 69, 4, (1997), p. 726. Like those who were producing radio programs, those who were listening also needed a ‘’license to install and operate a wireless receiver’’,Karl Christian Führer, ‘A Medium of Modernity? Broadcasting in Weimar Germany, 1923–1932’, The Journal of Modern History, 69, 4, (1997), p. 727.
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After unrelenting pressure from Adolf Hitler, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. Two days later, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the VVKJ commander, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not called by the new government until 3April 1941, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. The same day as the coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive 25, which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state and, on 3April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion.
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In the background, the death of the current Führer, Kurt Haldweim (modelled on the real-life Austrian president Kurt Waldheim), causes him to be replaced by the reform-minded Heinz Buckliger, who relaxes the oppressive laws of the Reich. In a secret speech, with word-of-mouth spreading it to the populace, the new Führer denounces his predecessors and says that the Reich committed crimes in the past. Reactionary opposition rallies around the SS, and the populist Gauleiter of Berlin, Rolf Stolle, champions accelerates reform. Things come to a head with the announcement of relatively free elections: candidates need not be Nazi Party members though they must be Aryan.
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There was no immediate German withdrawal, but the German command decided on February 21 to withdraw the headquarters of the XXXIX Panzer Corps as well as the Führer- Grenadier, Führer-Begleit, Holstein, and 10th SS Panzer Divisions westward behind Army Group Center, practically ensuring that eastern Pomerania would fall to the Soviets. Zhukov's commitment of the 70th Army into an attack on February 23 spurred a retreat with the German forces losing or abandoning many tanks. On February 24, Marshal Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front renewed the offensive into Pomerania, opening a wide gap in German lines west of Grudziądz and moving almost forward, further reducing the cohesion of German defenses.
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The purchase orders for the gas were made by Albert Widmann of the Criminal Technology Institute (Kriminaltechnische Institut) or (KTI), of the Central National Security Office (RSHA). Like Becker, Widmann was also tried in a German court after the war. In Widmann's case, the court, based in Stuttgart found that Widmann's role was to order the CO gas bottles to conceal the fact that the purchase orders were coming from a party agency, and in particular, from the Führer Chancellery. This was decided upon by Becker and Widmann's superior, Victor Brack, at the Führer Chancellery, but it had been previously suggested by Arthur Nebe.
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Hitler therefore assumed the President's powers without assuming the office itself – ostensibly out of respect for Hindenburg's achievements as a heroic figure in World War I. Though this law was in breach of the Enabling Act, which specifically precluded any laws concerning the Presidential office, it was approved by a referendum on 19 August. Propaganda poster featuring Adolf Hitler with a slogan, "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer!" Advertisement for the Dutch translation of Mein Kampf. Hitler is referred to as "the Führer of all Germanics" (1939) Hitler saw himself as the sole source of power in Germany, similar to the Roman emperors and German medieval leaders.
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The play does not pretend to give a complete account of > the historical situation in the 1930s. In his 1992 study, Hitler: The Führer and the People, J. P. Stern, a professor of German literature, rejects both Arturo Ui and Chaplin's The Great Dictator, writing: "[T]he true nature of [Hitler] is trivialized and obscured rather than illuminated by the antics of Charles Chaplin and the deeply unfunny comedy of Bertolt Brecht."Stern, J. P. Hitler: The Führer and the People, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1992. p. 2. The play was listed in 1999 as No. 54 on Le Monde 100 Books of the Century.
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The Berghof, Hitler's home near Berchtesgaden, became part of the Obersalzberg military complex. Other than the Wolfsschanze in East Prussia, Hitler spent more time at the Berghof than anywhere else during World War II. At the beginning of World War II there were no permanent headquarters constructed for the German supreme leader, the Führer. Hitler visited the frontlines by using either aeroplane or his special train, the Führersonderzug; thus, the Führersonderzug can be considered as the first of his field headquarters. The first permanent installation which became a Führer Headquarters was the Felsennest, which was used by Hitler during the Battle of France in May, 1940.
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The location of the Führerbunker and Vorbunker in Berlin, 1945 Every place Hitler stayed cannot be considered as a Führer Headquarters, and he did not stay at every official FHQ. Furthermore, some sources may not refer to the Berghof and the Führerbunker as official German Führerhauptquartiere at that time in history, but both of them became de facto Führer Headquarters; thus, they are historically often referred to as such. The Berghof was modified in much the same way as other FHQs,Eberle, Henrik and Uhl, Matthias, The Unknown Hitler, 11th chapter, pp. 199–200. and Hitler had daily conferences on military matters there in the latter part of the war.
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Mohnke's command post was in bunkers under the Reich Chancellery. The core group of his fighting men were the 800 members of the Leibstandarte (1st SS-Pz.Div. LSSAH) Guard Battalion (assigned to guard the Führer). He had a total of over 2,000 men under his command.
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On 23 May 1941, Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 30 which said:Churchill, Chapter 14, The Revolt in Iraq, p. 234 :1. The Arab Freedom Movement is our natural ally against England in the Middle East. In this context the uprising in Iraq is of special importance.
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Friedrich Schiller called Hadrian "the Empire's first servant". Edward Gibbon admired his "vast and active genius" and his "equity and moderation", and considered Hadrian's era as part of the "happiest era of human history". In Ronald Syme's view, Hadrian "was a Führer, a Duce, a Caudillo".
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This letter was never answered. The strike continued. In June the Germans declared that the strike was regarded as a revolt against the Wehrmacht and der Führer. The strike was mentioned in Swiss newspapers, and Germans announced that this now had turned into a high political affair.
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General anthropology. Barnes & Noble, 1963. P. 57. In the early 1930s, with the rise to power of the Nazi Party in Germany with Führer Adolf Hitler's emphasis on a Nordicist conception of the Aryan race, strong tensions arose between the Fascists and the Nazis over racial issues.
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Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015 (), p. 387.Wolfgang Ruppert: Vier Reiche, vier Führer? Der Freitag, 16 February 2007. The fact that Joseph Goebbels suggested 36 year-old Hans Schmitz for a professorship at the Düsseldorf Arts Academy in 1943 illustrates the Nazi regime's sympathies for this artist.
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The brigade was pulled from the line in early January. On paper, it was enlarged to a division and assigned to Heeresgruppe Vistula. In April, it was reassigned to 6th Panzer Army. The Führer Grenadier Division surrendered to U.S. troops in May 1945 near Vienna, Austria.
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The Führer has awakened this will in > the entire people and has welded it into a single resolve.Martin Heidegger, > "German Men and Women!", a speech delivered on 10 November 1933 at Freiburg > university; printed in the Freiburger Studentenzeitung, November 10, 1933. > English translation in R. Wolin, ed.
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Brauchitsch agreed and transferred him to Silesia. However, Hitler invited a group of officers to lunch, and Manstein was among them. He managed to present his plan directly to Hitler. The following day, Hitler ordered Brauchitsch to accept Manstein's plan, which the Führer presented as his own.
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Schiemer Alfred, Auf Ottakrings Spuren. Historische Streifzüge zwischen Gürtel und Gallitzinberg. Edition Volkshochschule, Manz Verlag, Wien 1999-2001. pp. 159-162. On its upper level were the communications facilities, with landlines to all civil emergency services, the Führer Headquarters, the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe and even the Kriegsmarine.
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Kristian Buchna could not find any confirmation of this in a recent study. See Buchna 2010, p. 83, footnote 302. Diewerge is said to have belonged to the inner circle of those who were present at Goebbels' farewell ceremony in Berlin's 'Führer Bunker' on April 30, 1945.
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In 1937, the Nazi regime raised him to the rank of Staatssminister, with the title "Chief of the Presidential Chancellery of the Führer and Chancellor". However, politically, he never was a member of the Nazi Party and his influence in the Hitler regime was distinctly minor.
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The underlying premise of the Community was, in effect, democratic: neither Munich nor the Führer could have all the answers and the best solution was a comradely, communal and cooperative effort by concerned party members, who would combine their skills and intelligence to formulate a winning programme.
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No other inscriptions were recorded. In 1889, archaeologist Anton Führer visited the mosque and found three inscriptions. One was a Quranic verse. The inscription XLI was Persian poetry in the metre Ramal, which stated that the mosque was erected by a noble 'Mir Khan' of Babur.
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He had been the only candidate. It was only a day before that he had been elected Professor of Education and Philosophy. He was the first Nazi President of a German University. After his election he declared that “the old gap between Volkstum (the people) and the University was finally bridged.” His election marked the beginning of a union “between the Führer of the town, the guidance of the NSDAP, and the Führer of the University.” He announced an aggressive cleanup of the University: “It is our collective goal, to make a stronghold for the German spirit in the city of Frankfurt. We are marching toward a new culture, that of National Socialism and its Führer to make way for the political revolution…” One of the first measures was the public burning of books on the Römerberg on May 10, 1933. Krieck became the publisher of the new magazine “Volk im Werden” (NS Race Coming into Being), which was published every two months from 1933-1944 and depicted Nazi ideas about education.
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Suckered into bending one himself, Göring declares them ersatz and mumbles all sorts of anti-Hitler sentiments ("Oh, do I hate that Hitler swine, that phony führer, that…").Shull, Wilt (2004), p. 181–182 Bugs masquerades as Adolf Hitler after smearing on some mud, and faces the surprised Göring.
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However, they both state that downed black American pilots were more likely to become victims of violence and murder from German citizens than white pilots. In March 1941 Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess and Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler visit an exhibition of proposed rural German settlements within occupied Eastern Europe.
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SS-Standartenführer (Colonel) Hans Wilhelm Kempin (7 June 1913 – 30 November 1992) was a German Waffen-SS combat and training officer who served in the SS- Standarte Deutschland, SS-Regiment Der Führer and later commanded the 547. Volksgrenadier-Division, 38. SS-Grenadierdivision Nibelungen, 32.SS- Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division 30.
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"Kaufmann, Peter. Führer-Buch nach dem Reglement für Bergführer und Träger von 30 Juli 1914. Interlaken, July 28, 1914, p. 43 C. F. A. Fyfe was naval engineer, who had published Steamship Coefficients, Speeds and Powers(1907), for the use "by engineers, shipbuilders, naval architects, superintendents, and draughtsmen.
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Following that period up until 2000 he worked together with Winfried Bonengel on the script for the movie "Führer Ex", with premiered in German cinemas at the end of 2002. Today Hasselbach lives in Berlin and works as a freelance writer and journalist. He lives together with German Photographer .
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Saint Roch's New Church (Neue Kirche Sankt Rochus) is a new, modern church with a tent roof in the old oak grove. It was consecrated in 1968. The architect was Böhr from Trier. It has a great organ built by Alfred Führer that was once found in Bergkamen.
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The publisher is noted for the collection of Geological Guides (Sammlung geologischer Führer) whose first 36 volumes were published before World War II from 1897 to 1939. Volume 37 was published as the first post war volume in 1958 and by 2013 the series had reached volume 138.
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Führerhauptquartier Tannenberg (also known as "Installation T") was a Führer Headquarters built in 1939 for use as a military command and control facility by Adolf Hitler. It was located near Freudenstadt and Hitler stayed there for a week in 1940 while inspecting the fortresses that formed the Maginot Line.
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Alaric Searle points out that it was the early diplomatic successes and bloodless expansion that blinded Rommel to the true nature of his beloved Führer, whom he then naively continued to support. Scheck believes it may be forever unclear whether Rommel recognized the unprecedented depraved character of the regime.
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The Royal Navy went on to note that based on its interrogations of Kriegsmarine POWs that Raeder's indoctrination policy had borne fruit in that the morale of the Kriegsmarine was extremely high, with the majority of officers and sailors very proud to fight for Führer and fatherland.Thomas pp. 212.
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Goerdeler also informed Young of his belief that Hitler was seeking world conquest, and that the Führer had "decided to destroy the Jews-Christianity-Capitalism". Speaking to Young about the economic situation in Germany, Goerdeler stated: > Economic and financial situation gravely critical. Inner situation > desperate. Economic conditions getting worse.
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On 1 March 1945, Hitler officially pardoned Ehrler, the Führer HQ announced his return to front-line service, where he would have the chance to "rehabilitate himself." Ehrler's sentence was commuted and his loss of rank rescinded. He was reassigned to a Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter squadron in Germany.
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In April 1941, he relinquished command of No. 603 Squadron and was posted as Fighter Controller to the Operations Room at RAF Turnhouse in Edinburgh. On 10 May 1941, Denholm was on duty when Rudolf Hess's Bf 110 was intercepted over Scotland and the Reich Deputy Führer was arrested.
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Die Führer der deutschrechtlichen civitas wollten offenbar auch jetzt noch den Anschluß an die Markgrafschaft, mindestens aber verweigerten sie dem Ordensheer den Einzug. Es kam zu Kampfhandlungen, in deren Gefolge die Stadt am 13. November 1308 zur Übergabe gezwungen wurde. Heinrich von Plötzke hatte die Operation persönlich geleitet.
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Since the surviving text does not mention Jayachandra or the construction of a temple, Kishore theorizes that Führer may have dated it to Jayachandra's reign on the basis of its date, and because it appears to praise a king. Similarly, Führer probably assumed that it records the construction of a temple, because it was found at the ruined Treta Ka Thakur mosque, which is said to have been constructed over the ruins of a temple. According to Kishore, Irfan Habib misleadingly translates the line Govindachandra-kshitipāla-rājya-sthariryāya in Verse 22 as "for the stability of Govindachandra's kingdom". This translation omits the word kshitpala, which means "the protector (ruler) of the earth".
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The pillar today, in the same location where it was found, with the inscription now at eye level following extensive earthworks. The top is a protection against the elements. Alois Anton Führer own report on the discovery, entitled Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birthplace, 1897 Following the discovery of the pillar, Führer relied on the accounts of ancient Chinese pilgrims to search for Kapilavastu, which he thought had to be in Tilaurakot. Unable to find anything significant, he started excavating some structures at Sagarwa, which he said were stupas of the Shakyas, and was in the process of faking pre-Mauryan inscriptions on bricks, when he was caught in the act by Vincent Arthur Smith.
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Oberster SA-Führer and SS Member no. 1 Adolf Hitler at SA Parade in Nürnberg, September 1935; SA at the left; SS man Jakob Grimminger behind car Inspection by the Nazi party and Himmler at the Dachau concentration camp on 8 May 1936 Prior to 1934 the SS were nominally under the command of the SturmabteilungSnyder, Dr. Louis L. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich, (1989) p, 147. and so it could be said that both Adolf Hitler as Oberster SA-Führer and Ernst Röhm as Stabschef SA outranked the most senior SS position of Reichsführer-SS. Following the Night of the Long Knives Hitler "raised the SS, hitherto subordinate to the SA, to the rank of an independent organisation".
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After unrelenting pressure from Adolf Hitler, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. On 27 March, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the VVKJ commander, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not called by the new government until 3 April, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. On the same day as the coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state, and on 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion, which was to commence on 6 April.
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After unrelenting pressure from Adolf Hitler, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. On 27 March, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the VVKJ commander, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not called by the new government until 3 April, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. On the same day as the coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state, and on 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion, which was to commence on 6 April.
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231–252 from The Third Reich edited by Christian Leitz, London: Blackwill, 1999 pp. 246–247 The Israeli historian Otto Dov Kulka has praised the concept of "working towards the Führer" as the best way of understanding how the Holocaust occurred, combining the best features and avoiding the weaknesses of both the "functionalist" and "intentionalist" methods. Thus, for Kershaw Nazi Germany was both a monocracy (rule of one) and polycracy (rule of many). Hitler held absolute power but did not choose to exercise it very much; the rival fiefdoms of the Nazi state fought each other and attempted to carry out Hitler's vaguely worded wishes and dimly defined orders by "Working Towards the Führer".
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Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of chancellor with that of the president to create a new office, "the leader" (or Führer). Although the offices were merged, Hitler continued to be addressed as "Führer und Reichskanzler" indicating that the head of state and head of government were still separate positions, albeit held by the same man. This separation was made more evident when, in April 1945, Hitler gave instruction that upon his death the office of leader would dissolve and there would be a new president and chancellor. On 30 April 1945, when Hitler committed suicide, he was briefly succeeded as chancellor by Joseph Goebbels, as dictated in Hitler's will and testament.
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To gain access to Hitler, he proposed to his old comrade General Rudolf Schmundt, Hitler's chief adjutant and Army personnel chief, to create a new department of psychological and political warfare to evaluate data and make reports directly to the Führer. Schmundt, who was still well disposed toward his old friend but suspected that Tresckow disapproved of the Führer, quietly let the matter drop. Tresckow also applied to become General Adolf Heusinger's delegate in the Army High Command (OKH) during the latter's two- month leave, which would also give him access to Hitler's meetings, but Heusinger, who was earlier approached by conspirators, rejected it apparently for the same reason.Fest 1997, p. 226.
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Franz Führer worked as a construction manager for the public utilities of Munich. As an artist, Führer-Wolkenstein worked closely with Hünerfauth and assisted her with detailed electrotechnical work for her multimedia art projects. After his retirement he created kinetic art objects, so-called recycling machines. In 1954 Hünerfauth received private training from Conrad Westpfahl, an important artist of Informal Art, which led her to abstract painting. In 1958 she attended courses on etching and lithography. In 1959, she was awarded the Prix d'Unions des Femmes Peintres in Paris for her painting titled Düsternis (Gloom). Two female artists (Lentz and Strauss) expressed their disapproval and one of them cut her painting with a knife.
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The SS Totenkopf and Polizei Divisions were held in reserve. On 10 May, the Leibstandarte overcame Dutch border guards to spearhead the German advance of X.Corps into the Netherlands, north of the rivers towards the Dutch Grebbe line and subsequently the Amsterdam region. The neighbouring Der Führer advanced towards the Grebbeline in the sector of the Grebbeberg with as a follow-up objective the city of Utrecht. The battle of the Grebbeberg lasted three days and took a toll on Der Führer. On 11 May, the SS-VT Division crossed into the Netherlands south of the rivers and headed towards Breda. It fought a series of skirmishes before Germania advanced into the Dutch province of Zeeland on 14 May.
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John Garrard, Heads of the Local State: Mayors, Provosts and Burgomasters since 1800, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, p. 143 However Krogmann had an early rival however in the form of Reichstatthalter (Governor) Karl Kaufmann and by 1936 he had been named Führer of Hamburg, denting Krogmann's power.Bajohr, "Aryanisation" in Hamburg, pp.
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V. XXXIII in Central Norway. In September 1942, he was appointed commanding general of the LXVII Reserve Army Corps in Brussels. He led this general command, also after the renaming into LXVII Army Corps in January 1944, until the summer of 1944. Then he was again transferred to the Führer Reserve.
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Guarding Hitler: The Secret World of the Führer, Pen & Sword, 2014, p. 41. Prior to the invasion of France and the Low Countries, Rommel left the FBB to take command of the army's 7th Panzer Division.Butler, Daniel Allen. Field Marshal: The Life and Death of Erwin Rommel, Casemate, 2015, p. 151.
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Miller, Michael (2007). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1, R. James Bender Publishing, p. 158. Since neither the Führer Chancellery nor the Reich Interior Ministry were supposed to publicly be shown as responsible for the program, dummy companies were founded which acted as fronts for the government.
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The word is derived from the Romanian verb a conduce, from the Latin ducere ("to lead"), cognate with such titles as dux, duke, duce and doge. Its meaning also parallels other titles, such as Führer in Nazi Germany,Brady & Kaplan, p.176; Cioroianu, p.416; Jelavich, p.227; Kligman, p.
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Harald Marx: Gemäldegalerie Dresden - Führer Alte Meister . E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 3. Aufl., 2006, , pp. 8-17. It was not until 1846 that it was decided to close the northern side of the Zwinger courtyard by placing the gallery building there and so creating a gallery wing of the Zwinger.
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Himmler was given administrative control over the RSD and the SS gained influence over its members. As for the SS-Begleitkommando, it was expanded and became known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK). The FBK continued under separate command until April 1945 and remained responsible for Hitler's close personal protection.
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According to Gibbon, pp. 139-40, they met and spent the night together at the castle but the imprisonment was elsewhere.Michael Fuhr, Wer will des Stromes Hüter sein? 40 Burgen und Schlösser am Mittelrhein: ein Führer, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Rheinland-Pfalz, Burgen, Schlösser, Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz, Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2002, , p.
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In October 1942 he left the boat and became an instructor. Later he served in the 27th U-boat Flotilla along with Korvettenkapitän Topp. During the last year of the war the newly appointed Fregattenkapitän Suhren was Führer der Unterseeboote in Norwegian waters and from September 1944 for the North Sea.
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The Führersonderzug train was named Führersonderzug "Amerika" in 1940, and later Führersonderzug "Brandenburg". The train was used as a headquarters until the Balkans Campaign. Afterwards, the train was not used as Führer Headquarters, however Hitler continued to travel on it throughout the war between Berlin, Berchtesgaden, Munich and other headquarters.
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In early September 1944 the Battle of Metz began. The German command integrated the defensive system set up around Metz. On 2 September 1944, Metz was declared a Hitler Reich fortress. The fortress must be defended to the last by German troops, whose leaders were all sworn to the Führer.
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In particular, Smith said of Führer's description of the archaeological remains at Nigali Sagar that "every word of it is false", and characterized several of Führer's epigraphic discoveries as "impudent forgeries". However Smith never challenged the authenticity of the Lumbini pillar inscription and the Nigali Sagar inscription discovered by Führer.
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Dietrich's long, personal acquaintance with Hitler allowed him to be more frank than other senior officers in his interactions with Hitler. He was reported by a fellow general to have "railed against the Führer and [his] entourage" with promises to let Hitler know that he was "leading us all to destruction".
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Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921–1945, Da Capo Press, pp. 181–186. Several Heer mountain troop units were also housed nearby. Hence, the British never planned a direct attack on the compound. Hitler spent much of August 1939 at the Berghof, making final plans for the invasion of Poland.
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Inside the Reich the man named as HSSPF was usually also SS-Oberabschnitt Führer for that region. In the occupied territories, there was no Oberabschnitt, so the HSSPF existed on their own. However, they had something the Reich HSSPFs did not - several SS- und Polizeiführer (SSPF) reporting to them.Yerger, pp.
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Before the outbreak of World War II, individual U-boat flotillas were under the direct command of a single Führer der Unterseeboote (F.d.U.) in the person of Karl Dönitz. who had also acted as commander of the 1st U-boat Flotilla. In 1939, Dönitz's title was renamed as the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (B.d.
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The commands were Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Submarines (Führer der Unterseeboote), Torpedo Boats, Minesweepers, Reconnaissance Forces, Naval Security Forces, Big Guns and Hand Guns, and Midget Weapons. Major naval operations were commanded by a Flottenchef. The Flottenchef controlled a flotilla and organized its actions during the operation. The commands were, by their nature, temporary.
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""In Memoriam: Sir Peter Daniell." The Telegraph (25 June 2002). Daniell describes Kaufmann as a "first class guide, a good and amusing companion" (Sept 1926), who is "always cheerful and entertaining (Aug 1928), on climbs to the Klein and Gross Schreckhorn as well as the Finsteraarhorn (Aug 1931).Kaufmann. Führer-Buch, pp.
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His deputy was Peter Högl. Its original members were Bavarian criminal-police officers. They were charged with protecting the Führer only while he was inside the borders of Bavaria which was the area of their authority. In the spring of 1934, the Führerschutzkommando replaced the SS-Begleitkommando for Hitler's overall protection throughout Germany.
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The Führer of each Kameradschaft was appointed by the National Socialist German Students' League. On 18 September 1937, Leonensia's senior members decided with 101 against 87 votes to establish a Kameradschaft. 43 senior members, having voted against this decision, left the Leonensia. The Kameradschaft was dubbed after Heidelberg's romantic Achim von Arnim.
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The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency. A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer (Leader) of Germany.
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The Holter Burg is the oldest castle site in the municipality of Bissendorf near Osnabrück in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the ruin of a hill castle.Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (publ.): Führer zu vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Denkmälern - Das Osnabrücker Land III, Vol. 44, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, 1979, pp.
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The M1942 design was a result of wartime demands. From direct orders of the Führer, to ‘maintain intimidation but reduce cost’. The rolled edge on the shell was eliminated, creating an unfinished edge along the rim. This edge slightly flared out, along the base of the skirt, reducing the protection the helmet gave.
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Führer-Wolkenstein, who also invented an earthing contact tester, was her partner for those technical art projects. He was cautious, thoughtful and intense while she was spontaneous with an intensive willingness and a strong impulse for her decisions, so they complemented each other's temper.Irma Hünerfauth, Peter Lufft and Christoph Wiedemann. IRMAnipulations, p. 56.
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Publisher Antje Kunstmann, Munich, 1990. On 25 November 1976 Führer- Wolkenstein died. Hünerfauth built a funerary monument for him out of scrap metal at the cemetery of Pullach in Munich. Then, Hünerfauth started to specialize in so called "Artist's Prayer Books" in the 1980s and 1990s, which she created from micro-electronic scrap.
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3-26 Among surviving senior officers of the Kaiserreich, Ludendorff's politics were viewed with a mixture of skepticism and disbelief. Field Marshal August von Mackensen, who had commanded an army corps at Tannenberg, wrote that "der Mann ist krank" (the man is sick).Theo Schwarzmüller, Zwischen Kaiser und "Führer". Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen.
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The camp commander Suhren finally accepts, not without major difficulties. The orders of Himmler appear to contradict those of total extermination given by the Führer. The Bernadotte operation is conducted by a Swedish doctor, Dr Arnoldson. On April 23, 1945, seventeen white buses drove three hundred Belgian, Dutch and French women to Göteborg.
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Chancellor Adolf Hitler assumed the duties of head of state as Führer and Chancellor from 1934 until his suicide in April 1945. In 1949, Germany was divided into two states. The Federal President, head of state of West Germany, became head of state for all of Germany following German reunification in 1990.
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After unrelenting political pressure from Adolf Hitler, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. On 27 March, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the commander of the VVKJ, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not initiated by the new government until 3 April 1941, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. However, on the same day as the coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive 25 that called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state; on 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the German-led Axis invasion, which was to commence on 6 April.
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During the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, Brandt said the following about the case of "Child K": > I personally know of a petition that was sent to the Führer in 1939 via his > adjutant's office [Adjutantur]. The case was about the father of a malformed > child who applied to the Führer asking that the life of this child or this > creature would be taken. At the time, Hitler ordered me to address this > matter and to go to Leipzig immediately - it had happened in Leipzig - in > order to confirm on the spot what had been asserted. I found that there was > a child who had been born blind, appeared imbecilic and who was also missing > a leg and part of the arm.
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After unrelenting pressure from Adolf Hitler to join the Axis powers, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. Two days later, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force commander, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not called by the new government until 3 April 1941, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. The same day as the coup, Hitler had issued Führer Directive 25, which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state; on 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and the command structure for the invasion, which was to commence on 6 April.
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Helmuth Weidling in 1943 After recovering from his wounds, Mohnke was personally appointed by Hitler as the Kommandant (Battle Commander) for the defense of the centre government district of Berlin (Zitadelle sector), which included the Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker. Mohnke's command post was under the Reich Chancellery in the bunkers therein. He formed Kampfgruppe Mohnke (Battle Group Mohnke) and it was divided into two weak regiments. It was made up of the LSSAH Flak Company, replacements from LSSAH Ausbildungs-und Ersatz Battalion from Spreenhagen under SS- Standartenführer Anhalt, 600 men from the Begleit-Bataillon Reichsführer-SS, the Führer-Begleit-Kompanie and the core group being the 800 men of the Leibstandarte (LSSAH) SS Guard Battalion (that was assigned to guard the Führer).
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When the Nazi party came to power in 1933 they decided to strip the Lander governments of their power over broadcasting and the Berlin Ministry for propaganda gained total control over German broadcasting.Karl Christian Führer, ‘A Medium of Modernity? Broadcasting in Weimar Germany, 1923–1932’, The Journal of Modern History, 69, 4, (1997), p. 727.
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During the Second World War he served in the German Army as an infantry officer. After Germany's defeat, Maser was interned by the Soviets in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After his release, he studied theology, philosophy and political science at Berlin, Munich and Erlangen. His doctoral thesis was titled The Organisation of the Führer Legend.
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During the Gleichschaltung, many student fraternities adopted National Socialist reforms to ward off suspension by the state. By July 1933, Leonensia's two main conventions decided to introduce the Führerprinzip. Senior member (de) Friedrich Tischbein was elected Führer of the fraternity. As such, Tischbein could take binding decisions without being bound by instructions of the fraternity.
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No later than 1934, she obtained permission from Hitler to move freely in the Dachau concentration camp. She was the only woman with this privilege. Allegedly, she had approached the Führer with the request that she wanted to devote herself not only to the SS men, but also to the prisoners and their relatives.
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During the last year of the war Fregattenkapitän Suhren was the Führer der Unterseeboote Norwegen (Leader of U-boats in Norwegian waters) and from September 1944 the Commander- in-Chief of U-boats of the North Sea. After the war he worked in the petroleum industry and died of stomach cancer on 25 August 1984.
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The "Badonviller-Marsch" (AM II, 256) is a Bavarian military march by composer Georg Fürst (1870–1936). After 1934, with its name Germanized to "Badenweiler Marsch" by the Nazis, it was used as the official march of Hitler in his role as Führer, to signal his arrival and therefore personal presence at public events.
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Born in Marple, near Stockport, Cheshire, Cooper left school at the age of 15. In 1942 he became engaged at 16 to a teacher four years older than he was, and married her four years later on 13 April 1946.Hans Joachim Alpers, Werner Fuchs, Ronald Hahn: Reclams Science- Fiction-Führer. Philipp Reclam jun.
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The following list of U-boat regions pertains to the higher echelon commands for the U-boat flotillas during World War II. The regions were organized between 1941 and 1944 and were commanded by an officer known as the Führer der Unterseeboote for his particular region. Regions could contain as few as two flotillas with as many as ten.
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Other opponents make cameo appearances, such as the USA (Blackshaft) and France (Napoleón Valois) Champions. Also Führer Skörpion had an appearance, who ordered a fellow member of the Boxing Team to "follow" (i.e.: spy on) Kenzaki and Ryuuji, as possible threats to the World Championship. Later on, the Jr. Japan team facing Blackshaft's team was adapted into an anime.
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Schreck remained on the SS rolls as an SS-Führer and worked as Hitler's private chauffeur after Maurice until 1934. In 1930, after the SS had begun to expand under Heinrich Himmler, Schreck was appointed an SS- Standartenführer, but had little actual power. He continued to serve at Hitler's side and they were on very good terms.
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The text says: "the Führer...now allowed his allies to seize Romanian territory. On June 27, following Stalin's ultimatum, Romania ceded Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union."Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, John Wiley & Sons, 1988, , p. 231William Julian Lewis, The Warsaw Pact: Arms, Doctrine, and Strategy, Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 1982, p.
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He threw into battle every available weapon as the German Reich collapsed. Dönitz supported the use of Human torpedoes; the Neger, Marder, Seehund and Biber were all used in suicide missions on his orders, perhaps inspired by the Japanese Kamikaze. On 30 April 1945 Adolf Hitler committed suicide. Dönitz succeeded him as head of state and Führer.
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He would rise to become Chief of German Police in June 1936 and already had control over the concentration camps system. Upon Hindenburg's death on 2 August 1934, Hitler's cabinet passed a law proclaiming the presidency to be vacant and transferred the role and powers of the head of state to Hitler as Chancellor and Führer (Leader).
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Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft f. Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. 23.1891, (829)-(837), 1 #[Review] Archaeological Survey of India. The Sharqi architecture of Jaunpur; with notes on Zafarabad, Sahet- Mahet and other places in the northwestern provinces and Oudh by A. Führer Ph. D., with drawings and architectural descriptions by Ed. W. Smith, edited by Jas. Burgess.
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Because of its importance to the rise of Nazism, the Nazis called Munich the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten ("Führer-buildings") were built around the Königsplatz, some of which have survived to this day. During the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, Hitler eliminated potential political rivals.
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Rattenhuber was born in Munich, where he made a career as a police officer. During World War I he served in the 16th and 13th Bavarian Infantry Regiments. He later joined the Freikorps. On 15 March 1933 he was appointed head of one of Hitler's personal bodyguard units then known as the Führerschutzkommando (Führer protection command; FSK).
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In the 1930s, Canada had fascist fringe groups within it. One stronger group was the Parti national social chrétien of Adrien Arcand which had significant support. Arcand believed in the anti-Semitic policies of Hitler and called himself the "Canadian Führer". In 1934, his Quebec-based party merged with the western-based fascist Nationalist Party of Canada.
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In November 1935 KdP entered into an organic union with SdP, in line with the Führer principle. The official name of SdP became the 'Sudeten German and Carpathian German Party' (Sudetendeutsche und Karpatendeutsche Partei). KdP organization was remodelled after that of SdP. Karmasin was named by SdP leader Konrad Henlein as his deputy for the Carpathian region.
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The core group were the 800 of the Leibstandarte Guard Battalion (assigned to guard the Führer). After Hitler's suicide, they received orders to break out. Prior to the attempt, Mohnke briefed all commanders who could be reached within the Zitadelle sector about Hitler's death and the planned break out. It started at 2300 hours on 1 May.
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Instead, red was the dominant colour. After Hindenburg's death on 2 August 1934, Hitler styled himself Führer and Reich Chancellor. By law of 15 September 1935 he declared black, white, and red again the national colours but made his own Nazi Party swastika the sole national flag and civil ensign of Germany. National conservative protests had become silent.
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Organized fascist movements have militarist-appearing uniforms for their members; use historical national symbols as symbols of their movement; and use orchestrated rallies for propaganda purposes. Fascist movements are led by a "Leader" (e.g. Duce, Führer, Caudillo) who is publicly idolized in propaganda as the nation's saviour. A number of fascist movements use a straight-armed salute.
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Werner Naumann (16 June 1909 – 25 October 1982) was State Secretary in Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Nazi Germany era. He was appointed head of the Propaganda Ministry by Führer Adolf Hitler in his last will and testament after Goebbels was promoted to Reichskanzler. Naumann was present in the Führerbunker in late April 1945.
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1933 marked the beginning of Hitler's consolidation of power. He was the Führer of the Third Reich, seeing himself as the destined leader of the German people. This consolidation meant that every aspect of the Nazi government would lead to him. However, when it came to hosting the Olympics, there were no separate Nazi sports organizations.
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However, questions remain over whether airships (and more importantly, their irreplaceable crews) would have been better used as a purely naval weapon. Vizeadmiral Reinhard Scheer became Strasser's superior in January 1916, and tried unsuccessfully to tame Strasser's aggressive pursuit of independence. On 28 November, 1916, Strasser was appointed by imperial decree as "Leader of Airships" (Führer der Luftschiffe; F.d.L.).
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The first single released from the album was the controversial "What's The Furor About The Führer?" b/w "Fashion Victim" (True North TN4-157)., the latter track becoming the larger hit, reaching #25 in Canada on the National Top 50 Singles Chart on February 7, 1981 and #3 on the RPM CANCON Chart the following week.
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Merten evacuated the youngsters over the sea. Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) Karl Dönitz helped mitigate the situation with the furious Koch. In August 1944, Merten further evacuated 50,000 civilians with his flotilla.Savas 2014, p. 77. On 12 March 1945, the 24th U-boat Flotilla was disbanded and Merten was posted to the Führer Headquarters in Berlin as a liaison officer.
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The Ludovisi Hermes The Hermes Ludovisi,Illustrated in M. Bieber, Ancient Copies, 1971, p. 41 fig.78; W. Fuchs, Die Skulptur der Griechen, 1969, fig. 73; G. Lippold, Die Griechische Plastik: Handbuch der Archäologie, 1950, VI. pt. 3.1, p. 179, pl. 63.2; Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom 4th ed., 1963-72, no. 2326.
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Hitler anticipated that after winning the war, the world would have no choice but to send its athletes to Germany every time the Olympic Games were held at which, no doubt, victors would have received their prizes from the Führer, surrounded by the party faithful on the pulvinar on the short axis of the cavernous stadium .
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6 of 1898, but however add Part B. . The same events with some further details in Charles Allen, The Buddha and Dr Führer (London: Haus, 2008), p. 33 but without supporting references. He thus came to hold a double appointment, one as Curator at the museum and the other as Archaeological Surveyor to the North-Western Provinces.
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All told, the German forces stationed in France were deprived of 45,827 troops and 363 tanks, assault guns, and self-propelled anti-tank guns. It was the first major transfer of forces from France to the east since the creation of Führer Directive 51, which no longer allowed any transfers from the west to the east.
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Similarly, borrowings from languages such as French and German sometimes contain the close front rounded vowel : ecru , tul , führer . The symbol used for it in phonetic notations in Romanian dictionaries is . Educated speakers usually pronounce it , but other realizations such as also occur. Older words that originally had this sound have had it replaced with , , or .
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In 1871 in his "Führer in die Pilzkunde" ("Guide to Mycology"), Paul Kummer introduced Pleurotus as a genus, but the allocation of P. cornucopiae to it was only done later in 1910 by Léon Louis Rolland. The synonym Pleurotus sapidus due to Schulzer (1873) is sometimes seen The English name "Branched Oyster Mushroom" has been given to this species.
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You can't replace a man like that! When Winifred heard of Ulrich's death she wrote to Mileva, a woman she did not personally know: > The news has just reached me, though I cannot grasp it yet, that your dear > son Uli has died a hero's death for his fatherland and his beloved Führer. I > bow my head in silent respect for what you, his mother, must be going > through...For us it is like losing a dear member of the family. (Bayreuth is > in mourning) for the loss of such an extraordinarily gifted artist - whom > Wieland had selected to be his eventual collaborator ...Now his young life > has been fulfilled, and he died as he lived: believing in the Führer and the > National Socialist ideal; believing in the great fatherland of the future.
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In the post- war Germanic Empire, these men were to form the new leadership cadre of their respective national territories.Morgan 2003, p. 182. To emphasize their pan- Germanic ideology, the Norges SS was now renamed the Germanske SS Norge, the Nederlandsche SS the Germaansche SS in Nederland and the Algemeene-SS Vlaanderen the Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen. The men of these groups no longer swore allegiance to their respective national leaders, but to the germanischer Führer ("Germanic Führer"), Adolf Hitler: This title was assumed by Hitler on 23 June 1941, at the suggestion of Himmler. On 12 December 1941 the Dutch right-wing nationalist Anton Mussert also addressed him in this fashion when he proclaimed his allegiance to Hitler during a visit to the Reich Chancellery in Berlin.
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Map showing the locations of the Führer Headquarters throughout Europe The Führer Headquarters (Führerhauptquartiere in German), abbreviated FHQ, were a number of official headquarters used by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and various other German commanders and officials throughout Europe during the Second World War.Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler's Headquarters, After The Battle, No. 19, Introduction and p. 1. The last one used, the Führerbunker in Berlin, where Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945, is the most widely known headquarters. Other notable headquarters are the Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in East Prussia, where Claus von Stauffenberg in league with other conspirators attempted to assassinate Hitler on 20 July 1944, and Hitler's private home, the Berghof, at Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden, where he frequently met with prominent foreign and domestic officials.
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Designed specifically for the Game Boy Color, this game features the adventures of Allstar and his silver Liger Zero. During a battle, he and his rival Solid (who pilots a Super Geno Saurer, a variant with four long-range cannons) fall into an underground world. Allstar teams up with a girl he meets there, Party, to combat the unpiloted Berserk Führer that has been attacking villages, as his Liger Zero is foretold to be the underground world's savior and thus the only one that can stop it. They search through old ruins to find the Liger Zero's three armours, which are needed to complete the game, and restore peace to the underground world by stopping the confused AI computer driving the Zoids mad and defeating the Berserk Führer.
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Around the same time, Führer was selling fake relics "authentified" but an inexistent inscription of Upagupta, the preceptor of Ashoka, to Shin U Ma, an important monk in Burma."As pointed out by Smith, in his preparatory note to Mukharji's Report, the inscriptions were 'impudent forgeries', and Führer had even gone to the extentextent of furnishing as proof fake relics of the Buddha, and a forged inscription of Upagupta, the preceptor of Ashoka..." in He wrote to the Burmese monk: "Perhaps you have seen from the papers that I succeeded in discovering the Lumbini grove where Lord Buddha was born", noting that "you have unpacked the sacred relics of our Blessed Lord Buddha which are undoubtedly authentic, and which will prove a blessing to those which worship them faithfully". An "authentic tooth relics of the Buddha" sent by Führer in 1896 turned out to have been carved from a piece of ivory, and another sent in 1897 was that of a horse. The forgery was reported in 1898 to the British North-Western Provinces Government in India by Burmologist and member of the Burma commission Bernard Houghton, and started an enquiry which would lead to Führer's resignation on 16 September 1898.
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According to The Tramp and the Dictator, Chaplin arranged to send the film to Hitler, and an eyewitness confirmed he saw it. Hitler's architect and friend Albert Speer denied that the leader had ever seen it.Charlie Chaplins Hitler-Parodie: Führer befiehl, wir lachen! Hitler's response to the film is not recorded, but another account tells that he viewed the film twice.
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Some were sent to concentration camps. The German Labour Front was formed as an umbrella organisation to represent all workers, administrators, and company owners, thus reflecting the concept of national socialism in the spirit of Hitler's Volksgemeinschaft ("people's community"). Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor of the Reich). By the end of June, the other parties had been intimidated into disbanding.
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Anthologies included Science Fiction aus Deutschland: 24 Stories von 20 Autorenpispelled as "stories" in the d-nb-info (1974). Annual publications included the Science- fiction-Almanach (1981–1987) and Science-fiction-Jahrbuch (1983–1987). Reference works included Reclams Science-fiction-Führer (1982), Lexikon der Science-fiction-Literatur (1980, 1988), Lexikon der Horrorliteratur (1999), and Lexikon der Fantasy-Literatur (2005). He lived in Hamburg.
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In World War I he published a book of portrait illustrations entitled Führer und Helden (Leaders and Heroes), depicting military celebrities. During the Nazi period, he made several portraits of Adolf Hitler. He also depicted Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Göring, and other leaders. A collection of his drawings illustrated deceased Nazi heroes such as Dietrich Eckart, Albert Leo Schlageter and Horst Wessel.
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Göring (left) stands in front of Hitler at a Nazi rally in Nuremberg (c. 1928) Göring joined the Nazi Party in 1922 after hearing a speech by Hitler. He was given command of the Sturmabteilung (SA) as the Oberster SA-Führer in 1923. He was later appointed an SA-Gruppenführer (Lieutenant General) and held this rank on the SA rolls until 1945.
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There is also a 400-year-old Anglican church community worshipping at St Thomas Becket Church. American and international English-speaking organisations include The American Club of Hamburg e.V., the American Women's Club of Hamburg, the English Speaking Union, the German-American Women's Club,Hamburg Führer Verlag GmbH: Hamburg Guide, May 2009, p. 61 and The International Women's Club of Hamburg e.
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Most of the men wear the uniform of the German American Bund. He informs them that the Führer has declared war on the evils of democracy and that, as Germans, they should carry out his wishes and claim power. The crowd salutes, Sieg Heil! Kurt Schneider (Francis Lederer), an unemployed malcontent, is inspired to become a spy and writes to Hitler's personal newspaper.
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Bauer accepts it as the price the Führer demands, but Mrs, Bauer is sickened and blames Hitler for their death. She goes to the church and sees Jan. Disgusted with the Nazis, Frau Bauer tells Jan what time Heydrich will drive through town tomorrow. Jan, Karel, Jarmilla and Nepomuk ambush Heydrich’s limousine the next morning, as it approaches the town.
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But anyone who > really works towards the Fuhrer along his lines and towards his goal will > certainly both now and in the future, one day have the finest reward in the > form of the sudden legal confirmation of his work.Werner Willikens quoted in > Kershaw, Ian "'Working Towards the Führer.'Reflections on the Nature of the > Hitler Dictatorship."—Contemporary European History (1993): 103–118.
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61, 68-69. Upon Daniell's recommendation, C. A. Chadwick-Maley and his brother hired Kaufmann for climbs in the Oberland (Wetterhorn) and the Wallis and wrote that they "learned much from him," but observe that "he eats far too much, but as he has to carry the food, one can hardly complain."Kaufmann. Führer-Buch (August 22, 1955), p. 125.
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Whilst in Germany Hamilton had met the geopolitician Albrecht Haushofer, son of the distinguished geopolitical academic Karl Haushofer. The younger Haushofer had studied alongside Hess at Munich University. On Hess's rise to prominence within the Nazi Party, Haushofer became his advisor on foreign affairs. There is speculation that deputy Führer Rudolf Hess communicated with the Duke via Haushofer after the outbreak of war.
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Berndt often acted as liaison between Rommel, the Propaganda Ministry and the Führer Headquarters. He directed Rommel's photo shoots and filed radio dispatches describing the battles. In the spring of 1941, Rommel's name began to appear in the British media. In the autumn of 1941 and early winter of 1941/1942, he was mentioned in the British press almost daily.
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Saving it from cracks and shocks is > the Party tribunals' grandest task. The Party magistrates are bound only to > their National Socialist conscience, and are no political leader's > subordinates, and they are subject only to the Führer. Buch acted quite like this. At the Röhm Putsch in 1934, he traveled at Hitler's behest to Bad Wiessee and was present at Ernst Röhm's arrest.
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The special golden Litzen were abolished in November 1942. Only Military attaches kept their Litzen as long as they were in their present position. The Führer wanted a closer union between the front and the OKW and OKH. In addition to their collar patches, General Staff Officers wore trouser-stripes, of the same design as generals' but in carmine rather than scarlet.
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August : Soviet Union wins the Battle of Lake Khasan against Japan. September 27 : U.S. President Roosevelt sends a letter to German Führer Adolf Hitler seeking peace. September 30 : The Munich Agreement is signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. The agreement allows Germany to annex the Czechoslovak Sudetenland area in exchange for peace in an attempt to appease Hitler.
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A pro-Nazi government under dictator Ferenc Szálasi was then installed in Hungary. In April 1945, after German and Hungarian forces had already been driven out of Hungary, Szálasi and his Arrow Cross Party-based forces continued the fight in Austria and Slovakia. The success of the operation earned Skorzeny promotion to Obersturmbannführer.Prof. Nikolaus von Preradovich: Österreichs höhere SS-Führer.
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Education in Nazi Germany, p. 13. Moreover, Hitler wanted to create young German soldiers who were willing to fight for their convictions so they were accordingly indoctrinated by Nazi propaganda, trained in military discipline and taught obedience to authority in the Hitler Youth.Kater (2004) Hitler Youth, p. 69. Ultimate obedience was then transferred directly to their Führer and his political cause.
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Throughout his work Hitler and the Final Solution, historian Gerald Fleming demonstrates that on multiple occasions Heinrich Himmler referenced a Führer-Order concerning the destruction of the Jews, making it abundantly clear that Hitler had at the very least verbally issued a command on the matter.Fleming (1994). Hitler and the Final Solution, pp. 8n, 20–21, 53–54, 112, 148, 174, 177, 185.
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The refugees are rescued by a heroic German leader much like the Führer; the symbolism is obviously intended to emulate Adolf Hitler although its hero, being blond and athletic, represented the physical ideal much more clearly.Erwin Leiser, Nazi Cinema p. 29-30 He is disgusted by "November Germany", and devotes himself to the ideal of "true Germany".Erwin Leiser, Nazi Cinema p.
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He commented in his diary, "By order of the Führer, I must immediately leave again, to work at Kerch. Get there quickly and get everything started! Formal orders still to come". After meeting Hitler he wrote, "The Fuhrer insisted in a very respectful manner that I should take part at Kerch, because I'm the only person who can do the job".
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Potter, p. 39.Führer durch das Tell-Museum in Bürglen am Klausenpass Tschudi's Chronicon Helveticum plays an important part in the historiography of Switzerland, since it contains copies of about 50 documents which have not survived in any other form.Stump, p. 225. In terms of content, Tschudi is particularly interested in representing the long- established independence of the Swiss population.
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Akten zur deutschen Auswärtigen Politik, Serie E: 1941-45, vol. VI for 1 May – 30 September 1943 (Göttingen, 1979), pp. 533-534: A Führer Order dated 10 September 1943 appointed Rahn, Wolff, and Kesselring to their new posts. According to one history of the war, There is uncertainty about Rahn's role in the deportation of the 8,000 Jews of Rome in October 1943.
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The Institute was later used for conspiratorial resistance meetings. In the event that the revolt against Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944 was successfully accomplished, Schleicher was to be responsible for the reorganization of air travel. After the plot to assassinate the Führer at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia failed, Schleicher explained during interrogation that he opposed the Nazi régime.
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The Führersonderzug (from German: Führer's special train) was Adolf Hitler's personal train. It was named Führersonderzug "Amerika" in 1940, and later in January 1943, the Führersonderzug "Brandenburg". The train served as a headquarters until the Balkans Campaign. Afterwards, the train was not used as Führer Headquarters, however Hitler continued to travel on it throughout the war between Berlin, Berchtesgaden, Munich and other headquarters.
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Adrien Arcand in 1933. Adrien Arcand (October 3, 1899 – August 1, 1967) was a Canadian journalist who led a series of fascist political movements between 1929 and his death in 1967. During his political career, he proclaimed himself the Canadian Führer. He was detained by the federal government for the duration of the Second World War under the Defence of Canada Regulations.
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He also treated his own subordinates badly; he threatened employees with a gun on numerous occasions, and showed signs of paranoia and general mental instability.Dahl, 1991: p. 204 In the spring of 1941, Mehle became leader (Führer) of the Nasjonal Samling party chapter at the Broadcasting Corporation. After a while, however, the personal antagonisms led to him seeking another job.
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In September 1936 he admitted privately to a friend that, "a believing Christian can no longer participate [in the NSDAP]; they do not want believing Christians in the party." Publicly he continued to profess loyalty to the Führer and to the church.Hastings, p.173 Following his death in June 1937 the Nazis ordered a state funeral arranged by Bavarian minister-president Ludwig Siebert.
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Marx and Engels at the same time commented on the Chartist movement and Jones' work in their letters and articles.Marx-Engels- Werke, Berlin (DDR) 1960/61, vol. 8, 9, 10, 27.Ingolf Neunübel: Zu einigen ausgewählten Fragen und Problemen der Zusammenarbeit von Marx und Engels mit dem Führer der revolutionären Chartisten, Ernest Jones, im Jahre 1854, in Beiträge Zur Marx-Engels-Forschung 22.
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The Americans warn the Germans by demonstrating what the dust does to cattle, dropping leaflets over Germany, and having the President speak to the Führer, but the Germans refuse to surrender. RAF bombers scatter the dust over Berlin and leave no survivors. The Nazi regime collapses and the new government surrenders. Karst commits suicide by exposing herself to the dust.
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He took her death very hard and went into a depression. He mourned her for years, maintaining her rooms exactly as they had been. Hitler continued to live in the apartment until 1934, when he became Führer and Reichskanzler of Germany. After that, Hitler kept the apartment, but spent most of his time either in Berlin or in his Berghof residence.
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The Ludovisi Ares The Ludovisi Ares is an Antonine Roman marble sculpture of Mars, a fine 2nd-century copy of a late 4th-century BCE Greek original, associated with Scopas or Lysippus:Wolfgang Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rome (4th ed. Tübingen 1963-72) vol. III, pp 268-69. thus the Roman god of war receives his Greek name, Ares.
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Lossow acted as chief witness for the prosecution. Hitler moderated his tone for the trial, centering his defence on his selfless devotion to the good of the people and the need for bold action to save them, dropping his usual anti- Semitism.Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p. 21 He claimed the putsch had been his sole responsibility, inspiring the title Führer or 'leader'.
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Plett - Schmidseder edited by Walther Killy In August 1871, with Alpinist Johann Stüdl, he was the first to ascend to the summit of the Schlieferspitze (3289 m).Venedigergruppe: e. Führer für Täler, Hütten u. Berge by Willi End, Hubert Peterka Monument of Richter on Richterhöhe in Salzburg He is best remembered for his glaciological and limnological research of the eastern Alpine region.
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Out of revenge he spreads the information. The Führer engages Höfgen for a short conversation on the matter, then dismisses him, content that the issue has been dealt with. Höfgen buys a huge villa in Grunewald and calls his sister and parents to Berlin. He now marries Nicoletta to put an end to the rumours of his relationship with a black woman.
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It grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions during World War II, serving alongside the Heer (army), while never formally being a part of it. It was Hitler's wish that the Waffen- SS should not be integrated into either the army or the state police, instead it would remain an independent force of military-trained men at the disposal of the Führer.
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O'Brien had a wife, four sons and two daughters. He served as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War and later became a casualty surgeon for the Glasgow Police. In May 1941, during the Second World War, O'Brien was called to examine Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess, who had landed near Eaglesham on an attempted peace mission.
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Henry Picker was born in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The son of a German senator, Picker studied law and graduated from the University of Kiel in 1936. Picker became a member of the Nazi Party in 1930, and in 1942 became a senior executive and legal staff member in the Führer Headquarters. From 1941 he was married to sports teacher Irene Atzinger.
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Alois Anton Führer (26 November 18535 November 1930) was a German Indologist who worked for the Archaeological Survey of India. He is known for his archaeological excavations, which he believed proved that Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini, Nepal. Führer's archaeological career ended in disgrace as "a forger and dealer in fake antiquities", and he had to resign from his position in 1898.
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The Jews also used to make their own art stealthily, but in Theresienstad it was easier. It was advertised as a "paradise for Jews" or a luxurious health resort, a gift from the Führer. After having succeeded in introducing their instruments in the camp, they started to do some secret performances among the prisoners until 1942.Seroussi, Edwin et al. (2010). [Op. cit.].
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After the fascist takeover in 1933, the school system had been reorganized. In the spirit of the National Socialism and therefore the community, all school types supporting self-determination were abolished. The Bernsdorf School was reorganized and became a board school but still separated girls and boys. Everyday school life was influenced by the ideology such as the, "Führer principle" and unquestioning obedience.
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Some scholars such as Irfan Habib have alleged that the Vishnu-Hari inscription was brought to Ayodhya from the Lucknow State Museum and planted at the Babri mosque site. Their theory states that the Vishnu-Hari inscription is actually the Treta Ka Thakur inscription, which was found by Alois Anton Führer in the 19th century. The Treta Ka Thakur inscription is mentioned as "Inscription No XLIV" in Führer's 1899 book The Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpur (1899). It was discovered in the ruins of the Treta Ka Thakur mosque in Ayodhya. Führer describes it as a 20-line sandstone inscription, broken off at both the ends, and also fragmented into two parts at the middle. According to his book, it was dated 1184 CE (1241 VS), and was issued during the reign of Jayachandra (a grandson of Govindachandra).
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However, though Bracher argues that the Führer was the driving force behind the Third Reich, he was one of the first historians to argue that Nazi Germany was less well organized than the Nazis liked to pretend. In a 1956 essay, Bracher noted "the antagonism between rival agencies was resolved solely in the omnipotent key position of the Führer", which was the result of "...the complex coexistence and opposition of the power groups and from conflicting personal ties". Unlike the functionists, Bracher saw this disorganization as part of a conscious “divide and rule” strategy on the part of Hitler, and argued at no point was Hitler ever driven by pressure from below or had his power limited in any way. One area where Bracher is in agreement with the functionists concerns the highly ad hoc nature of decision-making in the Third Reich.
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With the expansion of the elite Großdeutschland Infantry Regiment into a division on 3 March 1942, the number of subunits under its control was expanded. Among these subunits was a new Führerbegleit-unit, as well as another unit with Führer in its name, the Führergrenadierabteilung.. Although the new Führerbegleit-unit had practically the same purpose as the original and still-existing Führerbegleitbattalion, and was approximately the same size, it was different from the FBB in that it was motorized. The newer unit was further distinguished by nomenclature: it was known as the Führerbegleitabteilung (FBA: Führer escort detachment). This is because battalion-sized Wehrmacht (and even Waffen-SS) ground units were designated according to class, with Abteilung for motorized, mechanized, armoured, or self-propelled battalion- sized units controlled by a battalion headquarters, and Battalion for infantry units.
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Alois Anton Führer own report on his discoveries, entitled Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birthplace, 1897, was withdrawn from circulation by the Government. Great "discoveries" were indeed made with the March 1895 discovery of the Nigali Sagar inscription, which succeeded in bringing the "Buck Crisis" to an end, and the ASI was finally allowed in June 1895 to continue operations, subject to yearly approval based on successful digs every year. Georg Bühler, writing in July 1895 in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, continued to advocate for the preservation of the Archaeological Survey of India, and expressed that what was needed were "new authentic documents" from the pre-Ashokan period, and they would "only be found underground". Another momentous discovery would be made in 1896, with the Lumbini pillar inscription, a major inscription on a pillar of Ashoka discovered by Alois Anton Führer.
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Peppé made the mistake of consulting Dr Alois Anton Führer — a German archaeologist who soon became notorious for forging other Buddhist relics. In presenting the background to the story, Allen visits the Buddhist sites of Kushinagar and Sanchi, as well as the old Peppé family manor house, now in a state of extreme neglect. Allen interviews Harry Falk (professor of Indology at the Freie Universität in Berlin and said to be the "world's foremost expert" in ancient Indian languages and history), who states that Führer could not have forged the Piprahwa reliquary inscription. This is, Falk says, because he lacked sufficient knowledge of the language (Prakrit) in which its inscription was written, and, more importantly, he could have never known the Sanskrit word nidhane ("container"), which is written on the reliquary, a hapax legomenon (unique example) in the entire corpus of Brahmi script.
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Paulus and Schmidt started planning for the breakout that evening, despite receiving another message from Hitler that they must stand firm and await relief.Beevor (1999), pp. 269–70 However, on 24 November Sixth Army received a further Führer order relayed from Army Group B, ordering them to stand firm. Schmidt commented: This decision to stand firm in a "hedgehog" defence sealed Sixth Army's fate.
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In 1936 Wegmann & Co supplied the prototypes of the so-called Schürzenwagen. In addition, Wegmann built some of the state coaches of the special train for the Führer, which were used by Adolf Hitler. In 1925 the 4/20 PS sports car was displayed at the German Automobile Exhibition in Berlin. The vehicle was designed with a streamlined wooden body that was covered with artificial leather.
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In 1957 he joined the German Party. In the early 1950s Manteuffel advised on the redevelopment of the Bundeswehr. Manteuffel was charged in 1959 for having a deserter shot in 1944 (he reversed the court martial's original verdict of imprisonment and decided for a death sentence, using the Führer Order No.7 as a basis). He was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison.
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He also had responsibility for the office that reviewed pleas in criminal cases. From 1944 he was the Nasjonal Samling Führer in the county of Oppland. The German occupation ended on 8 May 1945, and Thrana promptly lost his position. In the post-war legal purge in Norway, Thrana was sentenced to 15 years of penal labour. He was released on 1 August 1950.
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The badges themselves bore a facsimile of his signature, making them among the rarest decorations to have been awarded by Nazi Germany.Angolia, John R. (1976). For Führer and Fatherland: Military Awards of the Third Reich (1st Ed.) San Jose, CA: R. James Bender. For his role in stopping the coup, Major Remer was promoted to colonel and ended the war as a major general.
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Dr Karstien stated: We worked, entirely in the dark (). Reaction from senior personnel at the foreign office was rare. Miss Friedrichs stated: > From time to time copies of messages issued had been returned bearing a > stamp indicating they had been seen by the Führer. Otherwise, no indication > of the importance attached to their work had ever penetrated to the level at > which she worked.
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The couple had four children who reached adulthood, two sons and two daughters. Both sons became officers, his second son later chose a career in diplomacy.N.F. Baron de Strolz, Agent-Vice-Consul de la France à Mons, Agents Consulaires des Pays Etrangères en Belgique in: Almanach Royal Officiel du Royaume de Belgique, Bruxelles 1877, p.27J.L. Schrag: Neuester Illustrierter Führer durch Nurnberg, Nurnberg 1896, p.16G.
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Available from: Cambridge Books Online [Accessed 15 April 2016]. pp. 26, 28, 29, 95 The Barmen Declaration, drafted by Barth in May 1934 and adopted by the Confessing Church, insisted that Christ, not the Führer, was the head of the church.. The adoption of the declaration has often been viewed as a triumph, although by 's estimate, only 20% of German pastors were supporting the Confessing Church.
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48: Goebbels wrote in his diary on 15 December 1935: "With the Führer at midday.... The crap must be cleansed from the Kronprinzenpalais." In May 1936, works from the Ismar Littmann collection of Expressionist art which had been confiscated by the Gestapo from a Berlin auction house were burnt in the furnace.Janda, p. 69.Anja Heuss, Das Schicksal der jüdischen Kunstsammlung von Ismar Littmann.
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The battalion commander, Major Hudel, was recalled to the Führer Headquarters and sacked. The remaining operational tanks were all placed in the first company, which then attempted to defend the Velletri area during 26–27 May, then withdrew near to Rome. Tank strength dropped from a high of 49 on 25 April, to 11 operational on 31 May. The spare crews were used as anti-tank teams.
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Peter Kaufmann-Bohren with other workers on the Eiger ridge, constructing the Mittellegi Hut (Mittellegihütte) in 1924.On July 4, 1931, Kaufmann received the highest rank as a mountain guide, Bergführer 1. Klasse.Kaufmann. Führer- Buch, p. 7. During the 1930s, there were repeated attempts to conquer the Eiger's north face —including the infamous climb in 1936 by Andreas Hinterstoisser, Toni Kurz, Willy Angerer, and Edi Rainer.
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Under this political climate, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Upon Hindenburg's death in 1934 Hitler de facto assumed the presidency, which he combined with the chancellorship to become the Führer und Reichskanzler. This would be the last presidential election in what would become West Germany until 1949. It remains, until today, the last direct election of the German President.
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Much of the story occurs in Berlin. The Reich capital is replete with the monumental architecture of Albert Speer. An important example is the Great Hall, which can house more than 100,000 people and held the funeral of deceased Führer Kurt Haldweim. With a dome 200 m high and 250 m wide, it is crowned with a massive, gilded German eagle holding a swastika.
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As the battle begins in August 1942, Wilhelm and his comrades are in high spirits. His commander believes if they complete their objectives quickly, they will be home for Christmas. Wilhelm also has faith that “the Führer will carry this thing through to a successful end.” As the battle begins, he is shocked to see how hard the Russian soldiers are fighting to defend the city.
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The military career of Adolf Hitler can be divided into two distinct portions of Adolf Hitler's life. Mainly, the period during World War I when Hitler served as a Gefreiter (lance corporal) in the Bavarian Army, and the era of World War II when Hitler served as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrmacht (German Armed Forces) through his position as Führer of Nazi Germany.
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In mathematics, specifically in local class field theory, the Hasse–Arf theorem is a result concerning jumps of the upper numbering filtration of the Galois group of a finite Galois extension. A special case of it when the residue fields are finite was originally proved by Helmut Hasse,H. Hasse, Führer, Diskriminante und Verzweigunsgskörper relativ Abelscher Zahlkörper, J. Reine Angew. Math. 162 (1930), pp.169-184.
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Are you and the German people willing to work, if the Führer > orders, 10, 12 and if necessary 14 hours a day and to give everything for > victory? Do you want total war? If necessary, do you want a war more total > and radical than anything that we can even imagine today? The recorded oral version of the speech differed in some ways from the written record.
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Organizationally, DP was modelled after the NSDAP in Germany, following the Führer principle. It used the swastika as its symbol and Horst-Wessel-Lied as its anthem. The DP youth wing was known as 'German Youth' (Deutsche Jugend) and maintained a paramilitary wing called Freiwillige Schutzstaffel. Politically DP strove to foster homogenous Carpathian German communities and to maintain a privileged position for the German community in Slovakia.
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So far, Microsoft has not banned anyone from using Hitler-like avatars. In the game Sniper Elite V2, with the "Assassinate the Führer" bonus mission, the player has the opportunity to kill Adolf Hitler. A similar mission appears as DLC in Sniper Elite 4. In the game The Saboteur, excerpts from Hitler's speeches play over loudspeakers throughout a Nazi-occupied Paris during several cutscenes.
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Strecker und Schröder, Stuttgart 1934, S. 60 The winged altarpiece shows on the inside the saints Agnes und Saint Christopher, on the outside the motif of the emission of the apostles.Gustav Ebe: Der deutsche Cicerone: Führer durch die Kunstschätze der Länder deutscher Zunge. Band 3: Malerei. Verlag Otto Spamer, Leipzig 1898, S. 95 Moreover, worth watching are the four church windows designed by Hans Gotted von Stockhausen.
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Before the first permanent Führer Headquarters Felsennest was used in May 1940, the Führersonderzug served as a mobile headquarters. Hitler and his entourage used this train to visit various fronts and theaters of war. For safety, a front train and rear train were used to prevent any possible attack. In 1945, Hitler's aide and adjutant Julius Schaub saw to it that the Führersonderzug was destroyed.
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Apocalyptic prophecies, particularly Christian claims about the End Times, have inspired a range of conspiracy theories. Many of these cite the Antichrist, a leader who will supposedly create an oppressive world empire. Countless figures have been called Antichrist, including Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Russian emperor Peter the Great, Saladin, Pope John XXII, Benito Mussolini, Barack Obama, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, and German Führer Adolf Hitler.
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Map showing the location of the Kehlsteinhaus (labelled "Eagle's Nest") and Führer Headquarters throughout occupied Europe The Kehlsteinhaus sits on a ridge atop the Kehlstein, a subpeak of the Hoher Göll that rises above the town of Berchtesgaden. It was commissioned by Martin Bormann in the summer of 1937. Paid for by the Nazi Party, it was completed in 13 months. Twelve workers died during its construction.
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As late as January 1945, von Greim made a commitment to Hitler: "I who believed in the Führer - and damn it, still believe in him. I can not become a traitor. Not me!" On 26 April 1945, with Berlin encircled by Soviet forces during the Battle of Berlin, von Greim flew into Berlin from Rechlin with his mistress Hanna Reitsch, in response to an order from Hitler.
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My Führer – The Really Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler () is a 2007 German comedy-drama film directed by Dani Levy. The setting is World War II, around New Year's of 1945. The film tells the story of Adolf Hitler and his preparation for a big New Year's speech. Hitler is too depressed to speak, so a Jewish acting coach is called in to tutor him.
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Despite some opposition from the guilds he was permitted to take the citizen's oath on 19 November 1599.Führer durch die Goldene Wage 1935. From 1618 to 1619, he ordered the four-storeyed front-facing house on his property to be torn down and replaced it with an elaborately designed new house. His project came in for intense resistance from the council and begrudging neighbors.
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Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler promoted the Latin Bloc and in October 1940, travelled to Hendaye, France on the border with Spain to meet Franco in which he promoted Spain forming a Latin bloc with Italy and Vichy France to join Italy's fight against Britain in the Mediterranean region.Nicholas Atkin, Michael Biddiss, Frank Tallett. The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
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At the 1951 general election Morris' majority was again reduced to 2,160."The Times House of Commons, 1951", p. 177. He criticised the new Conservative Government's approach to railways, describing the Transport Bill introduced in 1952 as giving the Minister powers that would "make him the virtual dictator of transport" and "the Führer of British transport"."Parliament", The Times, 18 November 1952, p. 4.
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When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Dietrich traveled with the Führer to Berlin to set up a new SS-Guard for the German leader. It was mostly made up of men from the 1st SS-Standarte. The unit replaced the army guards assigned to protect the Chancellor of Germany. Dietrich went on to command the new unit known as the "SS-Stabswache Berlin".
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Italo Gariboldi (20 April 1879 – 3 February 1970) was an Italian senior officer in the Royal Army (Regio Esercito) before and during World War II. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by German Führer Adolf Hitler, for his leadership of Italian forces in the Battle of Stalingrad.Adolf Hitler, Max Domarus (ed). Hitler: Speeches and proclamations, 1932-1945. Bolchazy-Carducci, 2004.
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Taking off on 2 December 1938, LZ130 arrived over Reichenberg (present-day Liberec), capital of Sudetenland (a German-speaking area in Czechoslovakia), timed to match Hitler's visit. Small parachutes were thrown out with swastika flags and handbills carrying the text "Dein JA dem Führer!" ("Your YES for the leader"). LZ 130's loudspeakers played music and National Socialist propaganda for the forthcoming December 4 elections.
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After the death of Paul Hindenburg 1934, the march was used as a personal "Führer-Marsch" for Hitler alongside his possession of a personalised standard. As mentioned in Henry Picker's edition of Hitler's so-called "Table Talks", the march's role was to evoke the presence of Hitler as the leader of the Nazi Party and head of the German state.Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier Henry Picker, 05.03.
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It was in these positions that he came to realize the war would be lost. This attitude became apparent to his superiors when he prevented the seizure of the historic Bayreuth Festspielhaus for use in defense of the city. By 1945 his additional failure to send daily situation reports to Führer Headquarters brought him to the attention and suspicion of Martin Bormann, Hitler's powerful private secretary.
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This piece was brought back from Mandu to Dhar sometime between 1844 and 1893. In 1893, A. A. Führer of ASI noticed it in the garden of the Dhar Maharaja's guest house. In February 1902, this piece was fixed in a masonry basement at Lal Bagh public gardens near the Anand High School. Henry Cousens of ASI later had it removed from the basement to measure it.
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For two further elections held in 1932, Goebbels organised massive campaigns that included rallies, parades, speeches, and Hitler travelling around the country by aeroplane with the slogan "the Führer over Germany". Goebbels wrote in his diary that the Nazis must gain power and exterminate Marxism. He undertook numerous speaking tours during these election campaigns and had some of their speeches published on gramophone records and as pamphlets.
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On 23 March 1942, days after the British raid on the German coastal radar installation at Bruneval, Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 40, which called for the creation of an "Atlantic Wall", an extensive system of coastal defenses and fortifications, along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom. The manning and operation of the Atlantic Wall was administratively overseen by the German Army, with some support from Luftwaffe ground forces. The fortification of the Atlantic coast, with a special attention to ports, was accelerated in the aftermath the British amphibious attack on the heavily defended Normandie dry dock at St Nazaire during Operation Chariot on 28 March 1942. The Führer Directive No. 51 definitely confirmed the defensive role of the batteries of the Cape Gris-Nez on 3 November 1943.
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During his testimony and a cross-examination by Irving, Browning countered Irving's suggestion that the last chapter of the Holocaust has yet to be written (implying there were grounds for doubting the reality of the Holocaust) by replying: "We are still discovering things about the Roman Empire. There is no last chapter in history." Browning countered Irving's argument that the lack of a written Führer order proves the alleged non-occurrence of the Holocaust by arguing that although no such order was ever written down, Hitler had almost certainly made statements to his leading subordinates indicating his wishes in regards to the Jews of Europe during the war, thus rendering the need for a written order irrelevant. Browning testified that several leading experts on Nazi Germany believe that there was no written Führer order for the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question", but no historian doubts the reality of the Holocaust.
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They include a set of Four Songs on Chinese Poetry for baritone and piano, a work for men's choir titled "Al s'fod" (his first and only work in Hebrew), and the Study for String Orchestra which was premiered in Theresienstadt under the Czech conductor Karel Ančerl and is probably Haas's best-known work today. The orchestral parts were found by Ančerl after the liberation of Theresienstadt and the score was reconstructed. In 1944 the Nazis remodeled Theresienstadt just before a visit from the Red Cross, and a propaganda film, Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt (The Führer Gives the Jews a City), was made by director Kurt Gerron, under the coercion of the camp commandant, Karl Rahm. In the film, Theresienstadt, children are seen singing Hans Krása's opera, Brundibár, and Haas can be seen taking a bow after a performance, conducted by Karel Ančerl, of his Study for Strings.
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In late 1942, von Tresckow and Olbricht formulated a plan to assassinate Hitler and stage a coup. On 13 March 1943, returning from his easternmost headquarters FHQ Wehrwolf near Vinnitsa to Wolfsschanze in East Prussia, Hitler was scheduled to make a stop-over at the headquarters of Army Group Centre at Smolensk. For such an occasion, von Tresckow had prepared three options:Chronik aller Attentate auf Hitler # Major Georg von Boeselager, in command of a cavalry honor guard, could intercept Hitler in a forest and overwhelm the SS bodyguard and the Führer in a fair fight; this course was rejected because of the prospect of a large number of German soldiers fighting each other, and a possible failure regarding the unexpected strength of the escort. # A joint assassination could be carried out during dinner; this idea was abandoned as supporting officers abhorred the idea of shooting the unarmed Führer.
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Gestapo soldiers patrol the streets to maintain public order, instilling an atmosphere of terror and suffering. Ferocious SS Platoons deport more and more citizens to the Reeducation Camps, from where nobody ever returns. In the name of a new religion risen from the ashes of Christianity, churches are desecrated and converted to shrines of the new Führer-Messiah who will once again lead the Reich to global conquest.
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The Audience's political affiliations can also be manipulated by actually staging the ostensibly real events as the 1944 Nazi picture The Führer Gives the Jews a Town did.Furhammar, p. 154. World War II propaganda persisted 30 years after Dachau and Auschwitz such as in the thinly disguised fascist Italian film The Night Porter (1974). The film sought to legitimize the Nazis' genocide while glorifying sadism, brutality, and machismo.
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All written information was handled by Tresckow's wife, Erika, and by Margarethe von Oven, his secretary. Both women wore gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints. On at least two other occasions Tresckow had tried to assassinate the Führer. The first plan was to shoot him during dinner at the army base camp, but this plan was aborted because it was widely believed that Hitler wore a bullet-proof vest.
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The SdP became the centre of German nationalist forces. The party represented itself as striving for a just settlement of Sudeten German claims within the framework of Czechoslovak democracy. Henlein, however, maintained secret contact with Nazi Germany and received material aid from Berlin, which told him to refuse every concession offered by Czechoslovakia. The SdP endorsed the idea of a Führer and mimicked Nazi methods with banners, slogans and uniformed troops.
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However, Spain's General Francisco Franco (1936–1975) proudly took the title as his own"Introduction", pp. 5–6 in Hamil. during and after his military overthrow of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), in parallel to the German and Italian equivalents of the same period: Führer and Duce. Spanish censors during his rule attacked publishers who applied the term to Hispanic American strongmen.
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Brazil was the only Latin American country to send troops to Europe. Initially, Brazil wanted to only provide resources and shelter for the war to have a chance of gaining a high postwar status but ended up sending 25,000 men to fight. However, it was not a secret that Vargas had an admiration for Hitler's Nazi Germany and its Führer. He even let German Luftwaffe build secret air forces around Brazil.
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Details concerning the novel and the scandal can be found in: R. Reissmüller, "'Aus einer kleinen Garnison'. Der Roman des Leutnants Bilse aus dem Jahre 1903. Aktuelle Wirkung und späte Folgen einer frühen Wilhelminismus- Kritik", in: Imprimatur 10 (1982); Hartwig Stein, "Der Bilse-Skandal von 1903. Zu Bild und Zerrbild des preußischen Leutnants im späten Kaiserreich", in: Karl Christian Führer/Karen Hagemann/Birthe Kundrus (eds.), Eliten im Wandel.
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By then, the SS-Begleitkommando had been expanded and was known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK). He accompanied Hitler and his entourage into the bunker complex under the Reich Chancellery garden in the central government sector of Berlin. Schädle appointed FBK member Oberscharführer Rochus Misch to be the bunker telephone operator. By 23 April 1945, Schädle commanded approximately 30 members in the unit who stood guard for Hitler.
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Volksgrenadiers advanced from the flanks firing small arms. This was bad enough, but then the tanks of the Führer Begleit Brigade appeared behind them, on their way around the traffic jam at Schoenberg, it was the last straw. The Americans were under fire from all sides and running low on ammunition. At this point Colonel Descheneaux, commander of the 422 decided to surrender the American forces in the pocket.
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Carlson then visited Bethlehem, Jericho, Amman and Damascus, where he met with pro-Nazi Arab circles who admired the German Führer, and introduced him to a German Nazi with whom he raised a glass and toasted "Heil Hitler".John Roy Carlson, Cairo to Damascus, p. 398. In Damascus, Carlson managed to be accepted for a short interview with Haj Amin al-Husseini.John Roy Carlson, Cairo to Damascus, pp. 408–409.
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Hermann Robert Josef Senkowsky (July 31, 1897 in Scheibbs – April 5, 1965 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian customs officer and SS-Führer. He also was chief president finance of the General Government, which would correlate to finance minister of occupied Poland in World War II. He is also known in Austria for his 1928 customs instructions for Austria, which are, in a modified version, still in use today.
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However the alliance failed to materialize. Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler promoted the Latin Bloc and in October 1940, travelled to Hendaye, France on the border with Spain to meet Franco in which he promoted Spain forming a Latin bloc with Italy and Vichy France to join Italy's fight against Britain in the Mediterranean region.Nicholas Atkin, Michael Biddiss, Frank Tallett. The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789.
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The argument of the book may be > summed up as: "If only the Führer had known about the murder of the Jews, he > would had stopped it'. For...Germans who do not want to face up to the past, > it was easy to be persuaded that if Hitler did not know, then neither did > the person on the street."Stern, Kenneth, Holocaust Denial, New York: > American Jewish Committee, 1992 page 29.
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According to Salettl one of them should be the new leader after having undergone an operation. Osborn can't remember exactly what happened in Switzerland, but then the scene replays in his mind. He sees how Van holden falls into a crevasse and how he opens the package Von Holden had been carrying with him all the time, and it's the deep-frozen head of the Third Reich's Führer, Adolf Hitler.
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Hitler's government issued a law providing that upon Hindenburg's death (which occurred in August 1934) merging the offices of President and Chancellor in Hitler's person. However, Hitler now styled himself only Führer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Chancellor"), not using the title of Reichspräsident. The law was "approved" by a staged referendum on 19 August. Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945, as World War II in Europe drew to a close.
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New statutes in 1938 reorganized the Academy according to the Führer principle, causing Planck to resign his presidency in protest.Mark Walker: "The Surrender of the Prussian Academy of Sciences" in: Nazi Science, Basic Books, 2008 . Ch. 4 The mathematician Theodor Vahlen, proponent of the anti-Semitic Deutsche Mathematik movement, became its president.Klaus and Ann M. Hentschel (eds.): Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) .
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One day, the boy is discovered, arrested and taken to a prison camp. The camp is turned upside down by Arf's innocence, the innocence of someone who has never had anything at all. He confuses the prison guards and upsets all the rules. When one day, by chance, the Führer shows up in person in the camp, it seems that Arf can even change the course of the war.
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Hildebrand (1984). The Third Reich, p. 149. Historian David Welch asserts that even if Hitler never gave the direct order for the implementation of the Final Solution, this is nothing more than a "red herring" as it fails to recognize his "leadership style" where Hitler's simple verbal statements were sufficient to launch initiatives "from below". Those "working towards the Führer" would often implement "his totalitarian vision without written authority".
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As Welch relates, if Himmler was the "architect of genocide", he was merely "an instrument of Hitler's will". In the final analysis, Hitler was essentially omnipotent as the Führer of Nazi Germany with all encompassing power as the "supreme legislator, supreme administrator, and supreme judge" along with being the "leader of the Party, the Army, and the people".Neumann (1967). Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, p. 74.
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Interior view of the Royal Painting Collection around 1830 The Semper Gallery that houses the Gemäldegalerie seen from the Zwinger courtyard When the Kunstkammer (Art Chamber) of the Electors of Saxony in Dresden was founded by Augustus, Elector of Saxony in 1560, paintings were subordinate to collectors' pieces from science, other art works and curiosities.Harald Marx: Gemäldegalerie Dresden - Führer Alte Meister . E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 3. Aufl., 2006, , pp. 8-17.
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The company had managed to keep hold of two of the five surviving Drachen and managed to produce a new example at Tempelhof in February 1945. Almost immediately it was ordered on a "special order from the Führer" to fly to Danzig on 25 February. Flown by Gerstenhauer and two copilots, the Drache took off from Tempelhof the next day. It first headed southwest in the direction of Würzburg.
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Deutsche Verwaltung für Volksbildung in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone, Liste der auszusondernden Literatur, Berlin: Zentralverlag, 1946, K, pp. K, 203-39 (transcript) However, like some other former Nazi academics, he was able to draw on friendships to continue working, emphasising Germanic democracy rather than the "Führer principle" in his postwar publications.Hamann, p. 219. He read a paper at the 8th International Congress for the History of Religions, in Rome in 1955.
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The Canadian First Army was tasked with liberating the ports during its advance along the French coast. The ports involved were Le Havre, Dieppe, Boulogne, Calais, and Dunkirk in France, as well as Ostend in Belgium. Adolf Hitler had appreciated their strategic value. He issued a Führer Order declaring them to be "fortresses" that must receive adequate materiel for a siege and be held to the last man.
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Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press, 2010. Pp. 353. Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler emphasized that Germany should adhere to Hellenic values and culture - particularly that of ancient Sparta. He rebuked potential criticism of Hellenic values being non-German by emphasizing the common Aryan race connection with ancient Greeks, saying in Mein Kampf: "One must not allow the differences of the individual races to tear up the greater racial community".
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"The Legal Basis of the Total State" – by Carl Schmitt. Fascism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 108–109. Ernst Niekisch, although anti-Jewish and in favour of a totalitarian state, rejected Adolf Hitler as he felt he lacked any real socialism, and instead found in Joseph Stalin his model for the Führer Principle. He was interned in a concentration camp from 1937 to 1945 for his criticism of the regime.
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Turgidson, worried that the Soviets will do the same, warns about a "mineshaft gap", while Alexei secretly photographs the war room. Dr. Strangelove declares he has a plan, but then rises from his wheelchair and announces "Mein Führer, I can walk!" as the Doomsday Machine activates. The film ends with a montage of many nuclear explosions, accompanied by Vera Lynn's version of the World War II song "We'll Meet Again".
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In North Africa, Rommel received help in cultivating his image from Alfred Ingemar Berndt, a senior official at the Reich Propaganda Ministry who had volunteered for military service. Seconded by Goebbels, Berndt was assigned to Rommel's staff and became one of his closest aides. Berndt often acted as liaison between Rommel, the Propaganda Ministry, and the Führer Headquarters. He directed Rommel's photo shoots and filed radio dispatches describing the battles.
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Ulrich Noethen (born 18 November 1959) is a German actor who has appeared in many movies and TV films. He starred in Comedian Harmonists. He also played Heinrich Himmler twice, in Der Untergang and Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler. Noethen has won various awards for his acting, including the German Film Award, the Bavarian Film Award, the Adolf Grimme Award and the Golden Camera.
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On 11 March 1944, Eberhard von Breitenbuch volunteered for an assassination attempt at the Berghof using a 7.65 mm Browning pistol concealed in his trouser pocket. He was not able to carry out the plan because guards would not allow him into the conference room with the Führer. The next occasion was a weapons exhibition on July 7 at Schloss Klessheim near Salzburg, but Helmuth Stieff did not trigger the bomb.
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The commander followed this up with an attack on Convoy HX 79, sinking two ships. Five patrols later he received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross. The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Adolf Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland). In September 1941 Endrass left U-46, which would become a training vessel, and a month later took over .
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Hamburg was not interned in Scapa Flow under the terms of the armistice that ended the fighting, and she remained in Wilhelmshaven during the peace negotiations that ultimately produced the Treaty of Versailles. The Führer der Torpedoboote and his staff came aboard the ship in February 1919. Following the signing of the treaty in June 1919, Hamburg was taken into the Reichsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven and was decommissioned there on 16 August.
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Some deal with love and the beauty of nature. Most address, however, philosophical and political themes, and their mood is dark. Hitler, the Führer, is called the terrible Verführer (seducer) of the German people, and the future is foreboding. Ewa Kuryluk has commemorated her mother in her autobiographical novels Goldi (2004) and Frascati (2009), and in her textile installations Yellow Birds Fly (2001), Taboo (2005) and Triptych on Yellow Background (2010).
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Unfortunately, Roger's performance is so camp and outrageous, the audience mistakes it for satire, and the show becomes the talk of the town. Back at the office, Max and Leo are near-suicidal ("Where Did We Go Right?"). Roger and Carmen come to congratulate them, only to find them fighting over the accounting books. Franz bursts in, waving a pistol, outraged by Roger's portrayal of his beloved Führer.
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Troost in 1930 Paul Ludwig Troost (17 August 1878 – 21 January 1934)Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Simon and Schuster, 1970) p49Sven Felix Kellerhoff, The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge (Berlin Story Verlag, 2004) p38 was a German architect. A favourite master builder of Adolf Hitler from 1930, his Neoclassical designs for the Führerbau and the Haus der Kunst in Munich influenced the style of Nazi architecture.
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He was given the Lenbach Prize in 1936. In 1939, he became director of a painting class at the Berlin Academy of Art. He married Barbara von Kalckreuth the same year. He continued to be in favour of the leading names of the Nazi Germany, being commissioned two portraits of Adolf Hitler, in 1939 and 1940, including the famous The Führer at the Battlefield, which was massively reproduced.
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The series Antiquitäten-Führer, and the successful title Kunst & Krempel (Art & Stuff), 3 volumes for the Bayerischer Rundfunk Television broadcast with the same name, served as a reference for collectors and fans. The series Bildhandbuch der Kunstdenkmäler (image manual of monuments), which was established in the mid-1950s and includes 49 volumes, stopped publication in the 1990s. Also the series Deutsche Lande – Deutsche Kunst ended with the last issue in 1987.
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Ribbentrop's Foreign Affairs Ministry would negotiate terms with the French for the handover of Madagascar to Germany. It would also play a part in crafting other treaties to deal with Europe's Jews. Its Information Department, along with Joseph Goebbels and his Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, would control the flow of information at home and abroad. Viktor Brack, a division chief in the Chancellery of the Führer, would oversee transportation.
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Amin al-Husayni, president of the Arab Higher Committee meets with Führer of the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler. When the Committee was outlawed in September 1937, six of its members were deported, its president Amin al-Husayni managed to escape arrest and went into exile in Beirut. Jamal al-Husayni escaped to Syria. Three other members were deported to the Seychelles, and other members moved into voluntary exile in neighbouring countries.
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If, however, he wants to say that the German state, through the > mouth of its Führer, unambiguously and publicly announced the decision that > even Jewish women, children and infants were to be killed, then he has > illustrated with one short phrase all that does not have to be demonstrated > in the current intellectual climate, but can be "imputed". Hitler was > certainly the most powerful man that has ever lived in Germany.
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His personal file indicates that his party membership was connected with his promotion from Ausserordentlicher to Ordentlicher Professor, which followed that year when he was appointed to a residential teaching professorship. However, he took little part in its activities and never rose to any significant rank in the party. His publications throughout the period of National Socialism were strictly apolitical and free from any kind of Führer- adulation.
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In September 1939, Helmuth Friedrichs, a department head on the staff of Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess, classified him "to be used on all duties". After the German occupation of the Netherlands in May 1940, Ritterbusch was assigned to its administration in June. There he was subordinated as Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart's Commissioner for the occupied Netherlands' province of North Brabant, to Commissioner-General for Special Duties, Fritz Schmidt.
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Reiss co-wrote the English version of Ingo Hasselbach's memoir Führer-Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Nazi, published in 1996 by Random House. The German-language version, titled Die Abrechnung: ein Neonazi steigt aus, had been published in 1993 by Aufbau-Verlag and co-written with Winfried Bonengel, who subsequently co-wrote and directed the 2002 German film adaptation of the story, titled Führer Ex.Führer Ex at the Internet Movie Database The memoir was the first inside exposé of the European neo-Nazi movement, told from the perspective of a young East German coming of age in the extremist youth subcultures of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hasselbach had been the leader of the East German neo-Nazis, and in 1993 had renounced the movement in a spectacular manner. For the English-language version of his memoir, during the summer of 1994 Hasselbach and Reiss stayed in an isolated cabin in Sweden where Hasselbach was in hiding, and Reiss interviewed him for the book.
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Cited by Victor Farias, Heidegger and Nazism > (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989) Heidegger addressed some of these remarks in the 1966 Der Spiegel interview "Only a God Can Save Us" (see below). In that interview, he stated: "I would no longer write [such things] today. Such things as that I stopped saying by 1934." In a recent book, however, Hans Jonas, a former student of Heidegger, argues that Heidegger's endorsement of the "Führer principle" stemmed from his philosophy and was consistent with it: > But as to Heidegger's being, it is an occurrence of unveiling, a fate-laden > happening upon thought: so was the Führer and the call of German destiny > under him: an unveiling of something indeed, a call of being all right, > fate-laden in every sense: neither then nor now did Heidegger's thought > provide a norm by which to decide how to answer such calls—linguistically or > otherwise: no norm except depth, resolution, and the sheer force of being > that issues the call.
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Furthermore, he brought many important Nazi institutions to the city, such as the Academy for Youth Leadership (Akademie für Jugendführung), the German Research Centre for Aviation (Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt), the Führer School for German Trades and Crafts (Führerschule des deutschen Handwerks), the Regional Führer School of the Hitler Youth (Gebietsführerschule der Hitler-Jugend), the Luftwaffe Command 2, the Reich Hunting Lodge (Reichsjägerhof, intended to impress passionate hunter Göring), the SS Ensigns' School (SS-Junkerschule), the SS Upper Division "Middle", and also the Bernhard Rust College for Teacher Training. Klagges also further developed Braunschweig's infrastructure by connecting it to the newly built Autobahn and the Mittellandkanal. In the end, thanks to Klagges, Braunschweig also became a centre of the National Socialist armament industry, since important industrial hubs were growing right nearby, namely the Reichswerke Hermann Göring in Salzgitter (on whose board of directors Klagges was as of 1937), and the Volkswagen Works in Fallersleben (now part of Wolfsburg).
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One of his most influential works was On Realism (1973). He was also known for his study Hitler: The Führer and the People, which was translated into several languages. He married Sheila McMullan (23 June 1922 – 16 November 2005) in 1944, having met her as a student in 1940. He was cremated on 25 November 1991 at Cambridge Crematorium, and his ashes were interred at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge.
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Klemens von Klemperer, German Resistance against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945 The plot was the culmination of efforts by several groups in the German resistance to overthrow the Nazi German government. The failure of the assassination attempt and the intended military that was to follow led the Gestapo to arrest more than 7,000 people, of whom they executed 4,980.According to Shirer, Führer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1960, p. 1393.
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German advances from 22 June to 25 August 1941. Ostland was one of the Reichskommissariats established, by a Decree of the Führer dated 17 July 1941, as administrative units of the "Großdeutsches Reich" (Greater Germany). The structure of the Reichskommissariats was defined by the same decree. Local administration in the Reichskommissariats was to be organized under a "National Director" (Reichskomissar) in Estonia, a "General Director" in Latvia and a "General Adviser" in Lithuania.
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The city again became important to the Nazis when they took power in Germany in 1933. The party created its first concentration camp at Dachau, north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten ("Führer buildings") were built around the Königsplatz, some of which still survive.
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In contrast, Greiser agreed with Himmler and carried out an ethnic cleansing campaign towards Poles. Greiser soon complained that Forster was allowing thousands of Poles to be accepted as "racial" Germans and thus endangered German "racial purity". Hitler refrained from getting involved. This inaction has been advanced as an example of the theory of "working towards the Führer", in which Hitler issued vague instructions and expected his subordinates to work out policies on their own.
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His body was sent to his widow in a casket four days later, with written instructions from the SS not to open it under any circumstances. Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess visited the family a few days later to express condolences for the mistake and offer his widow a pension. Schmid's widow, Kate Eva Hoerlin, later emigrated to the United States and became a US citizen in 1944. She died there in 1985.
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On June 6, 1944, word spread that British and American troops had landed in great force in Normandy. The Allies worked their way slowly up the country, and that September they fought a huge battle at the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem, Truus' birthplace. On May 5 the Germans in the Netherlands surrendered to the Allies. Three days later Berlin announced that the Führer was dead and that the war was over.
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For example, while many of the characters use their Western names, there are several such as Ballad (Brad Hunter) and Jimmy (Jamie) that use simple romanizations of their Japanese names. Likewise, the Zoids are inconsistently named with some American names (Zaber Fang for the Sabre Tiger and Berserk Fury for Berserk Führer) and some Japanese ones (like Wardick and Stealth Viper). Finally, and rather inexplicably, the Marder was referred to as Hellrunner, its OER name.
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In 1936, with the death of Julius Schreck, Kempka became Hitler's primary chauffeur. He was also appointed by Hitler as Chef des Kraftfahrwesens beim Führer und Reichskanzler (Chief of the Führer's and Reich Chancellor's Fleet of Cars). Hitler and Kempka in a Mercedes W31 – September 1939, Poland As his chauffeur Kempka usually drove one of Hitler's black Mercedes cars from a fleet of six to eight that were stationed in Berlin, Munich and other places.
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If one encountered a superior, one would also say "Heil Hitler". If physical disability prevented raising the right arm, it was acceptable to raise the left. Nazi salute at the Harzburg Front rally in Bad Harzburg, October 1931 Hitler and Hermann Göring (first row left) saluting at a 1928 Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg The form "Heil, mein Führer!" was for direct address to Hitler. "Sieg Heil" was repeated as a chant on public occasions.
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He subsequently corresponded with Government of India and arranged for the exploration of the area. Waddell also was appointed to conduct the exploration to recover the inscriptions, etc.; but at the last moment, when due to adverse circumstances prevented him from proceeding, and Mr. Führer was sent to carry out the exploration arranged by him, he found the Lumbini grove, etc., with their inscriptions at the very spots pointed out by him.
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Hitler's assistance did not come without a price. After 1938, the Führer used promises of additional territories, economic pressure, and threats of military intervention to pressure the Hungarians into supporting his policies, including those related to Europe's Jews, which encouraged Hungary's antisemites. The percentage of Jews in business, finance, and the professions far exceeded the percentage of Jews in the overall population. After the depression struck, antisemites made the Jews scapegoats for Hungary's economic plight.
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Beginning in 1887, he lived in Rome as a private scholar and art dealer, and served as a broker of numerous works of art for the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. In 1887, he presented the now controversial Praeneste fibula. In 1892, he published the first edition of "Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom", a very popular guide to classical antiquities in Rome. He died in 1915 in Rome.
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Although at half strength, the 79th was to take part in Operation Herbstnebel. On December 21, 1944, the 79th VG moved towards its assembly area near Diekirch, Luxembourg. On December 24, 1944, the Volksgrenadiers in conjunction with the Führer Grenadier Brigade, launched a series of attacks against the Blue Ridge Division, the 80th Infantry Division (United States). The objective was to seize the town of Heiderscheid, which included a strategic bridge across the Sure River.
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He joined the SS in 1937 (Nr. 135638), serving with the Austrian SS Legion. Scholtz started World War II as a battalion commander in the SS- Regiment Der Führer, taking part in the Western campaign of 1940 and later taking command of the SS Regiment Nordland, which in 1941 became part of a new SS Division Wiking. Attached to Army Group South, the division took Tarnopol in Galicia in late June, 1941.
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Deutsche Shakespeare- Gesellschaft (1964). Page 43. The figure of Hitler, which he first portrayed in the Meiningen Theater during 1947, was described by Diez as an "ungrateful role which always seemed to pursue me." He played the character on screen in seven different productions - Ernst Thälmann - Führer seiner Klasse (1955), I, Justice, Frozen Flashes (both 1967), Liberation (1970-1), Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973), Take Aim (1974) and Soldiers of Freedom (1977).
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Ernst Thälmann is an East German film in two parts about the life of Ernst Thälmann, leader of the Communist Party of Germany during much of the Weimar Republic, directed by Kurt Maetzig and starring Günther Simon in the title role. The first part, Ernst Thälmann - Sohn seiner Klasse (Son of his Class), was released in 1954. It was followed by the 1955 sequel. Ernst Thälmann - Führer seiner Klasse (Leader of his Class).
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Political tasks: #Bring about an "understanding" between Éamon de Valera and the IRA. #Influence the attitudes and policies of Ireland's domestic and external situation through objective reporting. #In the event of Ireland's occupation by Britain or the U.S. to organize resistance thereby tying down enemy forces to the greatest possible extent. Vessenmayer's plan was shown to Führer Adolf Hitler with a recommendation from Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop on 6 September 1941.
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On August 8, 1935, as Führer and Chancellor, Adolf Hitler announced in the Nazi Party newspaper, Völkischer Beobachter, the final dissolution of all Masonic Lodges in Germany. The article accused a conspiracy of the Fraternity and World Jewry of seeking to create a World Republic.Bro. E Howe, Freemasonry in Germany, Quatuor Coronati Lodge, No 2076 (UGLE), 1984 Yearbook. In 1937 Joseph Goebbels inaugurated an "Anti-Masonic Exposition" to display objects seized by the state.
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210 Carossa contributed a poem to an anthology that was published by August Friedrich Velmede and called "Dem Führer. Worte deutscher Dichter" (i.e. To the Leader. Words by German poets): :" ... Encouraged we return to our own task : and wish to the brave one, : to the fighter and leader who bears all our destiny : the best and good luck." Frank-Rutger Hausmann: „Dichte, Dichter, tage nicht!“ Die Europäische Schriftsteller-Vereinigung in Weimar 1941–1948.
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August 2 : Upon the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler makes himself Führer of Germany, becoming Head of State as well as Chancellor. August 8 : Members of the Wehrmacht begin swearing a personal oath of loyalty to Hitler instead of to the German constitution. September : The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations. October 16 :Beginning of the Long March where the Chinese Red Army retreats to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang forces.
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190A-6, belonging to 4./JG 54 of Gefechtsverband Kuhlmey in Immola, summer 1944 Planning of the airfield began in 1933, and the airfield was opened in 1936. Before and during the Second World War, the airfield served as a base of the Finnish Air Force. The German leader (Führer) Adolf Hitler visited Immola on June 4, 1942 to congratulate C. G. E. Mannerheim, the Marshal of Finland, on his 75th birthday.
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Heiden (2002). The Führer, p. 80. By the spring of 1920, he engineered the change of name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. Under his influence, the party adopted a modified swastika, a well-known good luck charm that had previously been used in Germany as a mark of volkishness and "Aryanism", along with the Roman salute used by Italian fascists.
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Everything was supposed to be appraised and paid for, with proceeds being directed to French war-orphans. Hitler also ordered the confiscation of French works of art owned by the state and the cities. Reich officials decided what was to stay in France, and what was to be sent to Linz. Further orders from the Führer also included the return of artworks that were looted by Napoleon from Germany in the past.
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In 1943, Weidinger was posted to the SS Regiment "Germania" and took part in the Battle of Kursk. In April 1944, Weidinger was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was promoted to command of the 4th SS Panzer- Grenadier Regiment "Der Führer" stationed in Normandy coastline. He fought with the division throughout the war, his final operation was covering the evacuation of 'Volksdeutche' from Prague in the War's final days.
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This speech has been interpreted as holding a fascist undertone. In fact, the provost mentions that the ideal of a religious leader is "a corporal" that shall hold the masses in line. Rendered in Norwegian, the word "fører-ideal" is used in this passage (rhyming on corporal), something that to Norwegian (and German) ears easily could be interpreted as a foreshadowing of Hitler (fører = führer). Brand's answers to this are mostly sarcastic.
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English is a Germanic language. As a result, many words are distantly related to German. Most German words relating to World War I and World War II found their way into the English language, words such as Blitzkrieg, Anschluss, Führer, and Lebensraum; food terms, such as bratwurst, hamburger and frankfurter; words related to psychology and philosophy, such a gestalt, Übermensch, zeitgeist, and realpolitik. From German origin are also: wanderlust, schadenfreude, kaputt, kindergarten, autobahn, rucksack.
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In the winter of 1944/45 the corps was re-formed into a Panzerkorps neuer Art per a Führer-directive of September 13, 1944. In January 1945 the corps had to withdraw ahead of the Vistula–Oder Offensive to Glogau on the river Oder.Niall Barr/russell Hart: Panzerkrieg, Kaiser Verlag 2000, S. 165 f At the end of the war, the corps was assigned to the 1. Panzer Army near Budweis in Czechoslovakia.
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In July 1933, Veller was named Acting Chief of Police in Wuppertal. In this capacity, he organized the pursuit of local political opponents of Nazism and, using violence and terror, carried out the Gleichschaltung in the municipality. Ibach described the authority that Veller enjoyed at this provincial level, characterizing him as "Wuppertal's little Göring". At the same time, Veller was appointed SA Brigade Führer and a month later, commissioned to lead Wuppertal's SA Brigade 72.
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The Münzkabinett is one of Dresden’s oldest museums, dating back to the time of Duke George the Bearded (1500–1539).Paul Arnold, Führer durch die ständige Ausstellung des Münzkabinetts, 2nd ed. Dresden: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, 1978 Over the centuries the collection has expanded through the constant acquisition of items by the Electors and Kings of Saxony. At the turn of the 18th century, the Dresden Münzkabinett was already a famous coin collection in Europe.
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Anger at the treatment of the Church in Austria grew quickly, and in October 1938 the first act of overt mass resistance to the new regime took place. A rally of thousands left Mass in Vienna chanting "Christ is our Führer", before being dispersed by police.Mark Mazower; Hitler's Empire – Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe; Penguin; 2008; ; p.52 A Nazi mob ransacked Cardinal Innitzer's residence, after he denounced Nazi persecution of the Church.
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Reiter became a staunch supporter of the Nazis during the 1920s, and in 1931 dedicated his Goethe Symphony to Hitler. His loyalty was rewarded with revivals of both Der Bundschuh and Der Totentanz at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1938. The same year Universal Edition reissued his Festgesang an einen Friedensfürsten under the new title of Festgesang an den Führer des deutschen Volkes in celebration of the Anschluss. He died in Bad Reichenhall in 1939.
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On 12 November 1940 Hitler issued Führer Directive No. 18, which outlined the plan to invade Portugal if British forces were to gain a footing there. "I also request that the problem of occupying Madeira and the Azores should be considered, together with the advantages and disadvantages which this would entail for our sea and air warfare. The results of these investigations are to be submitted to me as soon as possible," Hitler added.
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Hans Ulrich Klintzsch (4 November 1898 in Lübbenau – 17 August 1959 in Hamburg) was a naval lieutenant from the Erhardt Brigade who later served as Oberster SA-Führer, the supreme commander of the Sturmabteilung (SA), from 1921 to February 1923, when he returned to his former unit and ceded control to Hermann Göring. After his career as SA leader, he went back to the Luftwaffe. He died during the wedding of his son Fridthjof.
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On 11 September 1938, Kaltenbrunner was promoted to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer, equivalent to a lieutenant general in the army while holding the position of Führer of SS-Oberabschnitt Österreich (re-designated SS-Oberabschnitt Donau in November 1938). Also in 1938, he was appointed High SS and police leader (Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer; HSSPF) for Donau, which was the primary SS command in Austria (he held that post until 30 January 1943).
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Joachim Albrecht Eggeling was the Nazi Gauleiter of Saxony and Anhalt and the Oberpräsident of the province of Halle-Merseburg. A Gauleiter () was the party leader of a regional area branch of the Nazi Party, the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. The word can be singular or plural, depending on its context. Gauleiter was the second highest Nazi Party paramilitary rank, subordinate only to the higher rank Reichsleiter and to the position of Führer.
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He joined the SA in 1929. Prützmann had become quite a radical soldier as a result of his Freikorps experiences. Since his own personal goals did not match the milder thinking found in the SA, he left the organization in 1930 and transferred to the SS; one of his first command assignments was as the Führer of the 18th SS-Standarte. As of this point in time, Prützmann's career began a steep rise.
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It was not the case that > Pius failed to "spare the Führer," or called him a "mad prophet possessed of > repulsive arrogance." The text limits its critique of arrogance to unnamed > Nazi "reformers".John Connelly, Harvard University Press, 2012, "From Enemy > to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933–1965", p. > 315, fn 52 Historian Michael Phayer wrote that the encyclical doesn't condemn Hitler or National Socialism, "as some have erroneously asserted".
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Two novels, At the Wolf's Table by Rosella PostorinoTasting Food For The Führer At 'The Wolf's Table', NPR, January 26, 2019. and The Taster by V.S. Alexander, are based on Wölk's experiences. This novel is inspired on her life but not all that it mentions is reality; the writer decided to start the book by positioning the main character at Hitler's suicide. Hitler’s Tasters, a play by Michelle Kholos Brooks is based on these women.
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The inscription XLII was also Persian poetry in metre Ramal, and said that the mosque was founded in year 930 AH by a grandee of Babur, who was (comparable to) "another King of Turkey and China". The year 930 AH corresponds to 1523, three years before Babur's conquest of Hindustan. Despite the apparent contradiction, Führer published the date of "A. H. 930 during the reign of Babar", in his book of 1891.
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A district judge and member of the Confessing Church, Lothar Kreyssig, wrote to Gürtner protesting (correctly) that the T4 program was illegal (since no law or formal decree from Hitler had authorised it); Gürtner promptly dismissed Kreyssig from his post, telling him, "If you cannot recognise the will of the Führer as a source of law, then you cannot remain a judge."Kershaw, II, 254 Gürtner died on 29 January 1941 in Berlin.
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He became obsessed with getting to know her. Mandl was a Viennese arms merchant and munitions manufacturer who was reputedly the third-richest man in Austria. She fell for his charming and fascinating personality, partly due to his immense wealth. Her parents, both of Jewish descent, did not approve, as Mandl had ties to Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini, and later, German Führer Adolf Hitler, but they could not stop their headstrong daughter.
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Hansi is a naïve young peasant girl in Sudetenland, who is mesmerized by the Führer and reading books. After the Sudetenland is transferred from Czechoslovakia to Germany in October 1938, she welcomes the Sudetenland "going home to the Reich". She wins a contest, organized by Adolf Hitler, that picks students for special training in National socialist schools in Prague. Her mother is delighted, but warns her in advance to "never forget Jesus Christ".
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At the start of the 1930s NSDAP leadership in Munich earmarked the Excelsior as Hitler's base in Berlin until he secured leadership. The proposal was rejected by Elschner however and the Führer was forced to opt for the Hotel Kaiserhof in Wilhelmplatz. The NSDAP did not take the snub with good grace and promptly imposed a party ban on the hotel. Nevertheless, this did not stop them sparking further controversy within its walls.
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Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main, 2005, p. 659 Wegener served as a party bureaucrat employed at the Office of the Deputy Führer where his efficiency impressed Martin Bormann.Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party Volume 2 1933-1945, David & Charles, 1973, p. 181 When Wilhelm Kube was removed as Gauleiter of Kurmark after clashing with Walter Buch, he was replaced by Emil Stürtz with Wegener appointed as Deputy Gauleiter.
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When General Turgidson wonders aloud what kind of name "Strangelove" is, saying to Mr. Staines (Jack Creley) that it is not a "Kraut name", Staines responds that Strangelove's original German surname was Merkwürdigliebe ("Strange love" in German) and that "he changed it when he became a citizen". Twice in the film, Strangelove accidentally addresses the president as Mein Führer. Dr. Strangelove did not appear in the book Red Alert.Jeffrey Townsend, et al.
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Krafft was convinced that the prophecies of Nostradamus boded well for the Third Reich. Tens of thousands of pamphlets based upon his interpretations of the quatrains were translated and circulated in six languages: French (translated by Krafft himself), Danish, Hungarian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, Retrieved 2013-5-30. and he soon came to the attention of the Führer. In the spring of 1940 he gave a private horoscope reading for Hitler to an aide.
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In the spring of 1943 Köstring put into the Führer reserve. In mid-June 1943, he was appointed Inspector of the German commanded Turkic associations, on 1 January 1944 appointed the General of the "volunteer" organizations in the Army High Command. Throughout this period he spent most of his time helping with the creation of Andrey Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army. He surrendered on 4 May 1945 to the U.S. Army; he was released in 1947.
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On his return in December 1942 he sent a secret ten page letter to Martin Bormann in the Führer Headquarters in Berlin, criticizing the serious mistakes made in the handling of the Ukrainians. Whilst Governor of Galicia, he established a Waffen-SS Division recruited from the Ukrainian population of Galicia, under German supervision, to fight against the hated Bolsheviks. The formation of the unit was approved by Himmler after the disastrous German defeat at Stalingrad.
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Alois Anton Führer was born on 26 November 1853 in Limburg an der Lahn, Germany, into a German Catholic family. He studied Roman Catholic theology and Oriental studies at the University of Würzburg, ordinated in 1878 and received his PhD in 1879. His Sanskrit lecturer, Julius Jolly, was associated with the Bombay School of Indology. Probably due to him, he was appointed as a teacher of Sanskrit at St Xavier's Institute in Bombay (now Mumbai).
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Two rows of columns rose one above the other with no intermediary level. Hence, the portico appeared more like a facade.Concerning the construction and dimensions see Filippo Coarelli (ed.), Eugenio La Rocca, Mariette de Vos Raajimakers, Arnold de Vos, Pompeji: Archäologischer Führer, Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1993, 1999, pp. 180-185 The bases for honorific statues, which stood behind each column, are also still in place, but they lack their original marble cladding.
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Charlotte Führer (1834 – November 5, 1907) was a German author and midwife/"doctress". She was born in Hanover, Germany in 1834 as Johanne Louise Charlotte Heise, to Evangelical Lutheran parents; her father was a general in the Hanoverian army. At the age of 17, she married Ferdinand Adolph Fuhrer, who she refers to by the pseudonym "Gustav Schroeder" in her book. Shortly afterwards, she and Ferdinand moved to New York City, in the United States.
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French singer Amanda Lear recorded a disco cover of the song in 1978 and released it as the B-side of the single "Gold" as well as a standalone single. The German-English language version later appeared on her third studio LP Never Trust a Pretty Face. French editions of the album included a German-French version of the track. Lear performed "Lili Marleen" in the 1978 Italian film Zio Adolfo in arte Führer.
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Inocybe lacera was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, but was placed into the genus Inocybe by Paul Kummer in his 1871 work, Der Führer in die Pilzkunde. As several forms of the species are recognised, the main variety is sometimes known as Inocybe lacera var. lacera. It is commonly known as the Torn Fibrecap, while in German it is known as Gemeiner Wirrkopf and in French as Inocybe déchiré.
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All nations lowered their flags as they passed the Führer, save the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Commonwealth of the Philippines. (The United States doing this was explained later as an army regulation.) Writer Thomas Wolfe, who was there, described the opening as an "almost religious event, the crowd screaming, swaying in unison and begging for Hitler. There was something scary about it; his cult of personality."Jesse Owens.
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According to Sandberger's later testimony, Stahlecker made it clear that Sandberger was being sent to Estonia to carry out the Führer order in that country. A variety of shooting actions of Jews, Gypsies, Communists and the mentally-ill began once Sandberger and his kommando entered Estonia. A report dated 15 October 1941 on executions in Ostland during Sandberger's tenure included one item under Estonia of 474 Jews and 684 Communists. Others were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
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Jorge González von Marées Jorge González von Marées (April 5, 1900 - March 14, 1962) El Jefe (Spanish: The chief, analogous to the Führer) was a Chilean political figure and author who served two terms as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and as mayor of Ñuñoa. Born in Santiago to a German mother. He was ideologically influenced by Oswald Spengler. On April 5, 1932 he founded the National Socialist Movement of Chile to oppose democratism, Americanism, and communism.
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Although under the given circumstances the small plane was overloaded, Skorzeny insisted on accompanying Mussolini, thus endangering the success of the mission. After an extremely dangerous but successful take-off, they flew to Pratica di Mare. There they continued immediately, flying in a Heinkel He 111 to Vienna, where Mussolini stayed overnight at the Hotel Imperial. The next day he was flown to Munich and on September 14, he met Hitler at Führer Headquarters Wolf's Lair in near Rastenburg.
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The Dying Gaul, Capitoline Museums, Rome The Dying Gaul, also called The Dying Galatian (in Italian: Galata Morente) or The Dying Gladiator, is an Ancient Roman marble semi-recumbent statue now in the Capitoline Museums in Rome. It is a copy of a now lost sculpture from the Hellenistic period (323-31 BC) thought to have been made in bronze.Wolfgang Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom (Tubingen 1963-71) vol. II, pp 240-42.
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Finally, Abolghasem Khan Nadjm, the Imperial Iranian ambassador to Berlin, made the final speech and said these ceremonies in Berlin which are held to the honor of the greatest Persian poet, Ferdowsi, shows our common roots with the German people and that we are both Aryan people. He said that the name of Iran means the Land of Aryans. He finished his words with the praise of the works of the Führer, Adolf Hitler, in Germany.
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In 1938, Bormann was assigned to a small group of adjutants who were not subordinate to Martin Bormann. The relationship between Martin and Albert became so caustic that Martin referred to him not even by name but as "the man who holds the Führer's coat". Further in 1938, Bormann became Chief of Main office I: Persönliche Angelegenheiten des Führers (Personal Affairs of the Führer) of the Kanzlei des Führers. In that job, Bormann handled much of Hitler's routine correspondence.
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When broadcasting was introduced in Germany in the early 1920s, those who wished to produce radio programs had to apply for a license which was granted by the Postal Ministry. Broadcasting was to differ from the two other popular forms of media; television and the press, in that it was to be ‘’above party politics’’.Karl Christian Führer, ‘A Medium of Modernity? Broadcasting in Weimar Germany, 1923–1932’, The Journal of Modern History, 69, 4, (1997), p. 724.
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In February 1944, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich was stationed in the Southern French town of Valence-d'Agen, « Rubrique Valence d'Agen », Archives du Tarn-et-Garonne, 11 June 2011. north of Toulouse, waiting to be resupplied with new equipment and fresh troops. Following the Allied Normandy landings in June 1944, the division was ordered north to help stop the Allied advance. One of its units was the 4th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment ("Der Führer").
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Oradour : arrêt sur mémoire, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1994, pp. 30–34 The last trial of a Waffen-SS member who had been involved took place in 1983. Former SS-Obersturmführer Heinz Barth was tracked down in East Germany. Barth had participated in the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre as a platoon leader in the "Der Führer" regiment, commanding 45 SS men. He was one of several charged with giving orders to shoot 20 men in a garage.
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Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP). He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as Führer in 1934. During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust.
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In the occupied Netherlands, Anton Mussert was given the symbolic title of "Führer of the Netherlands' people". His National Socialist Movement formed a cabinet assisting the German administration, but was never recognized as a real Dutch government. The following list of German client states includes only those entities that were officially considered to be independent countries allied with Germany. They were under varying degrees of German influence and control, but were not ruled directly by Germans.
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Röhm with Hitler, August 1933 In September 1930, as a consequence of the Stennes Revolt in Berlin, Hitler assumed supreme command of the SA as its new Oberster SA-Führer. He sent a personal request to Röhm, asking him to return to serve as the SA's Chief of Staff. Röhm accepted this offer and began his new assignment on 5 January 1931. He brought radical new ideas to the SA, and appointed several close friends to its senior leadership.
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In early 1933, Schmitt joined the Nazi Party (membership no. 2,651,252). He likewise took over the posts of Vice President of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and of the Chamber of Commerce in 1933. Meanwhile, Schmitt was convinced that the Nazis could deal with the problem of joblessness if the economy was led by people like him. Furthermore, he held Hitler to be a great statesman and believed that over time, the Führer would grow to become less radical.
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Hess: Flight for the Führer (1991), and Hess: the Führer's Disciple (1993) In 2003 he won the Mountbatten Maritime Prize for his Maritime Power and the Struggle for Freedom.2003 Maritime Media Awards Winners and Nominees at bmcf.org.uk, accessed 28 October 2015PETER PADFIELD Naval Historian and Biographer at guypadfield.com, accessed 18 October 2015 Padfield's most recent historical work is Hess, Hitler and Churchill (2013), in which he explores the mystery of Rudolf Hess's flight to Britain in 1941.
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Despite these setbacks, Hitler wanted an offensive solution, for which he required the oil resources of the Caucasus.Antill (2007), pp. 7–12. By February 1942 the German Army High Command (OKH) had begun to develop plans for a follow-up campaign to the aborted Barbarossa offensive – with the Caucasus as its principal objective. On 5 April 1942, Hitler laid out the elements of the plan now known as "Case Blue" (Fall Blau) in Führer Directive No. 41.
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During the war members of the Wehrmacht attempted to influence Hitler's decision to study biological warfare only regarding defense. The head of the Science Division of the Wehrmacht, Erich Schumann, urged the Führer that "America must be attacked simultaneously with various human and animal epidemic pathogens, as well as plant pests." Laboratory tests were prepared for the use of plague, anthrax, cholera and typhoid. The possibility of using foot and mouth disease against Britain was also studied.
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All you have to do is agree with him. Mercury astronaut John Glenn fondly nicknamed Wendt "der Führer of der Launch Pad" (from his German-accented English) for his efficient, disciplined, yet good-humored pad crew leadership. His strict approach to configuration control of the equipment and commitment to safety was welcomed by the astronauts, and earned him their respect. Before Glenn's Mercury flight, Wendt tried to reassure Glenn's wife: > Annie, we cannot guarantee you safe return of John.
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The Duke, being > apprised by the authorities, visited the German prisoner in hospital. Hess > then revealed for the first time his true identity, saying that he had seen > the Duke when he was at the Olympic games at Berlin in 1936. The Duke did > not recognise the Deputy Führer. He had however, visited Germany for the > Olympic games in 1936, and during that time had attended more than one large > public function at which German ministers were present.
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Throughout most of 1918, from 29 January to 31 August, Lt. Gutmann served as Adolf Hitler's direct superior. Gutmann later recommended Hitler's award of the Iron Cross First Class (a decoration rarely awarded to one of Hitler's Gefreiter rank). The decoration was presented to Hitler on 4 August 1918, near Soissons, by the regimental commander, Major von Tubeuf. Hitler wore this medal throughout the remainder of his career, including while serving as Führer of Nazi Germany.
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Instead, there was a front line of outposts, a main defense line and finally a stop line, from which possible breaches in the main line could be contained and repaired. After an artillery barrage, the SS regiment "Der Führer" attacked the outposts. Once again, despite stiff resistance, the Germans succeeded in capturing the northern part of the outpost line, after which they could easily outflank the southern part. However, it took them until 16:00 to capture all outposts.
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Although this layer is thin, it produces a clear morphological division. At the bottom of the Mesozoic sediments is a sequence of conglomerates and sandstones. In this layer, which is at most a few tens of metres thick, are iron ore deposits, the most important of which were quarried south of the Burgstall and was the basis of the tool industry in the Stubaital that still exists today.Fridolin Purtscheller, Ötztaler und Stubaier Alpen, Sammlung Geologischer Führer, Vol.
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He has said that he would "like to be the face of the Republican Party when it comes to health care." In 2017 Cawthorn posted an Instagram picture of his visit to Hitler's vacation residence Eagle's Nest, which he said had been on his "bucket list for awhile". In the post he called Hitler Führer, a German term of reverence meaning "leader", and the site "supreme evil". This led to criticism and allegations of far-right sympathies.
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Mustang is able to defeat Bradley when his son, Selim, unwittingly brings the skull of the man from which the Führer was created and weakens Bradley. As Mustang escapes the Führer's mansion, he is confronted by a maniacal Frank Archer, who shoots him. Hawkeye arrives in time to save Mustang and kills Archer. In Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa, Mustang resigns from both alchemy and his rank to become an ordinary enlisted man in a remote outpost.
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Barrel-making gained an importance at this time. Many household objects were made from the wood of local trees and sold at the markets in Celle and Hermannsburg. After the end of the Second World War the SS Führer Adolf Eichmann lived in Altensalzkoth under the name of Otto Henninger. Escaping from US Army custody, he reported to the parish office in Eversen on 30 March 1946 and took a job as a lumberjack in Altensalzkoth.
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Although under the given circumstances the small plane was overloaded, Skorzeny insisted to accompany Mussolini, thus endangering the success of the mission. After an extremely dangerous but successful lift-off, they flew to Pratica di Mare. There they continued immediately, flying in a Heinkel He 111 to Vienna, where Mussolini stayed overnight at the Hotel Imperial. The next day he was flown to Munich and on September 14 he met Hitler at the Wolf's Lair Führer Headquarters near Rastenburg.
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Clementine and her sister were frequently sent to stay with their cousins. She was a contemporary of Unity Mitford at St Margaret's School, Bushey, and also went to Berlin to learn German, where she met Hitler through her cousin. She was occasionally escorted by a handsome young stormtrooper, and was asked by Unity to "waggle a flag" as "the darling Führer" passed in the street. Given the Beits' Jewish origins, this chance encounter with fascism did not last.
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From his base in Tel Aviv, Holocaust survivor Emmanuel Lieber directs a group of Jewish Nazi hunters in search of Adolf Hitler. Lieber believes that the former Führer is still alive, and following rumours and hearsay, he tracks Hitler's movements through South America. After months of wading through swamps in the Amazon jungle, the search party finds the 90-year-old alive in a clearing. Lieber flies to San Cristóbal where he awaits the group's return with their captive.
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By 1939, when membership in the Hitler Youth became compulsory, each new member of the Jungvolk was required to take an oath to the Führer swearing total allegiance. Young girls were also a part of the Hitler Youth in Nazi Germany. Girls from 10 to 14 years old were members of the Jungmädelbund, while girls fourteen to eighteen belonged to the Bund Deutscher Mädel. Hitler youth girls were instructed in the principles of service, regimentation, obedience, and discipline.
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The presentation was made on 12 October 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland). On 24 October 1941, Lützow became the second fighter pilot, after Mölders, to amass 100 aerial victories in World War II. Fearing his loss in combat, Lützow was then grounded, an order he did not always obey. In early November, he led Stab JG 3 back to Germany to rest and re-equip.
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Between September 1937 and the end of 1944 the SS organisation Lebensborn ran the home Kurmark in Klosterheide, a component village of Lindow north of the town.List of Lebensbornheime in Germany , retrieved on 14 January 2011.Volker Koop, Dem Führer ein Kind schenken: Die SS-Organisation Lebensborn e.V., Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau, 2007, p. 106 The widow of the Music Professor Zeidler was deported to Theresienstadt after her husband's death in 1942 and perished there.
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They are now the only people who can save Britain from an invasion. They hide in the church, but are found and held captive; Clyde is enraged by the Nazis' racist slur. The invaders have a strange metal hammer - the Führer believes it to be Thor's Hammer itself – and with the power from this, they can block radar systems and start the invasion of Britain. Sarah Jane ends up in a house supposedly haunted by ghosts in 1889.
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Zitelmann argued that far from being incoherent, disorganized, confused and marginal as traditionally viewed, Hitler's social ideas were in fact very logical and systematic and at the core of Hitler's Weltanschauung (worldview).Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation, London: Arnold Press, 2000 page 245. Zitelmann has argued Hitler was much influenced by Joseph Stalin's modernization of the Soviet Union, and has argued that as Führer, consciously pursued a revolutionary modernization of German society.
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Cupid and Psyche, Roman marble sculpture after a Hellenistic original, h. 1.25m (Capitoline Museums) The marble Cupid and Psyche conserved in the Capitoline Museums,Musei Capitolini, inv. MC0408. Rome, is a 1st or 2nd century CE Roman copy of a late Hellenistic original.Wolfgang Helbig, et al. Führer durch die öffentichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom, 1963-72, vol. ii:238f. It was given to the nascent Capitoline Museums by Pope Benedict XIV in 1749, shortly after its discovery.
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Eventually Gildisch was dismissed from the SS, as well as the Nazi Party in 1936, for repeated instances of drunkenness. Gesche as second-in-command succeeded Gildisch as commander of the SS- Begleitkommando in June 1934. The unit was later expanded and became known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK). On another occasion in 1935, Himmler as part of his attempts at consolidating his authority ordered that salaries of Hitler's personal bodyguard detail be suspended.
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The states' powers were transferred to the Reich, and their parliaments were abolished. The Reich Governors were made responsible to the Reich Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Frick. For all intents and purposes, the states were reduced to provinces. The Reich Governors Law (Reichsstatthaltergesetz) of 30 January 1935 formally designated the Reich Governors as the representatives of the Reich government, appointed to watch over the execution of the political guidelines issued by the Führer und Reichskanzler (Hitler).
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It was later occupied by the Generalmajor of the Police. (The hotel was rebuilt in 1950 and reopened as a hotel before Christmas, the Hotel zum Türken. Visitors can still explore the historic underground hallways and tunnels that had been used by the Nazis.) Whenever Hitler was in residence, members of the RSD and Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK) were present. While the RSD men patrolled the grounds, the FBK men provided close security protection for Hitler.
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FHQ Bärenhöhle, the entrance bunker in 2013 The Führerhauptquartier Bärenhöhle (engl.: Führer headquarters bears cave)Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler's Headquarters, , No.19, Special Edition, Battle of Britain International Ltd, 1977, London was a bunker facility built by the German organization Todt, which was built during the Second World War near Smolensk in the Soviet Union. It consists of a 43 square meter cubic superstructure still visible today. The subterranean dimensions have not yet been explored.
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For these successes, Liebe was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 10 June 1941. On 29 June, U-38 returned to Lorient. The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland).Also present at the award ceremony were the U-boat commanders Kapitänleutnant Engelbert Endraß and Kapitänleutnant Herbert Schultze who were also awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross.
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Afterwards Hube was moved back to Germany and transferred to the Führer-Reserve. On 23 October 1943, Hube was designated commander of the 200,000 man 1st Panzer Army, then serving with Army Group South under Field Marshal Erich von Manstein. In February 1944, Hube was officially confirmed as commander of the 1st Panzer Army. Shortly after, III Panzer Corps, one of Hube's units, was required to assist German forces breaking out of the Korsun- Cherkassy pocket.
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They were affixed sometime around 1813 (almost 285 years after the supposed construction of the mosque in 1528 AD), and repeatedly replaced. In a petition filed by Syed Mohammad Asghar, the Mutawalli (guardian) of the Babri Masjid, with the Commissioner of Faizabad in 1877, it was stated that the word "Allah" above the door was the only inscription. The inscription mentioned by Buchanan was apparently not in evidence. In 1889, archaeologist Anton Führer recorded two inscriptions.
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The scientific name of the beetle comes from a German collector, Oscar Scheibel, who was sold a specimen of a then undocumented species in 1933. Its species name was made a dedication to Adolf Hitler, who had recently become Chancellor of Germany. The genus name means eyeless, so the full name can be translated as "the eyeless one of Hitler". The dedication did not go unnoticed by the Führer, who sent Scheibel a letter showing his gratitude.
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Retrieved April 28, 2010 Knauf was arrested on 28 March 1944. On 6 April 1944 he was sentenced to death by judge Roland Freisler at the Volksgerichtshof for "undermining military morale" and "denigrating the Führer" (Wehrkraftzersetzung and Verunglimpfung des Führers). Joseph Goebbels himself selected Freisler to preside over the trial and pressed for swift and harsh retribution. Knauf was beheaded on 2 May 1944, with the Fallbeil at Brandenburg-Görden Prison in Brandenburg an der Havel.
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The Ryti–Ribbentrop letter of agreement () of 26 June 1944, was a personal letter from President Risto Ryti of Finland to German Führer Adolf Hitler whereby Ryti agreed not to reach a separate peace in the war with the Soviet Union without approval from Nazi Germany, in order to secure German military aid for Finland to stop the Soviet offensive. This letter marked the formalization of an alliance between Finland and Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Now they chanted "Mielke, we love you!" and "Who should be our Führer? Erich Mielke!" as a provocative fun, to the dismay of the club. Supporters who returned from West Germany also brought back a new fashion based on designer clothing labels and expensive sportswear, which was adopted by the supporter scene. While combat boots and bomber jackets were now common at many places in East Germany, some supporters of BFC Dynamo wanted to differentiate themselves.
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Prinz Zaiyi Tuan, Führer der Boxerpartei in China Zaiyi (; Manchu: ; dzai-i; 26 August 1856 – 10 January 1923),Edward J.M. Rhoads, Manchus & Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928, University of Washington Press, 2001 better known by his title Prince Duan (or Prince Tuan, ), was a Manchu prince and statesman of the late Qing dynasty. He is best known as one of the leaders of the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901.
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In 1936, Lütjens was appointed Chief of the Personnel Office of the Kriegsmarine, an office which he had served in 1932–34, and in 1937, he became Führer der Torpedoboote (Chief of Torpedo Boats), with as his flagship, and was promoted to Konteradmiral in October 1937.Ciupa 1979, p. 46. While in command of personnel department he did nothing to enforce the Nuremberg Laws on race in the Kriegsmarine.Boog, Rahn, Stumpf and Wegner 2001, p. 230.
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He did not manage, however, to prevail over the in the long term. The Confessing Church arose in resistance to the Nazi regime's ideology. After the installation of Hanns Kerrl as minister for church matters in a Führer-directive of 16 July 1935 and the foundation of the – in the end not materialising – Protestant Reich Church, the DEK played more or less no further role. Synodal elections 1933: German Christians and Confessing Church campaigners in Berlin.
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During visits to Germany, she had become closely acquainted with members of the Nazi hierarchy, including Adolf Hitler, who called her his "dear princess". She developed a close friendship with Hermann Göring, and Heinrich Himmler declared her an "honorary Aryan". In a 1938 MI6 report, British intelligence said of her, "She is frequently summoned by the Führer who appreciates her intelligence and good advice. She is perhaps the only woman who can exercise any influence on him".
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On 11 April 1921 Samuel acquired from Gustav Adolf Reinbeck, lord of the manor of Röstenberg, as his home a which was erected in 1912 and designed by (1875–1945, suicide) for the professor of physiology (1879–1963).Kristine Schlaefer and Frank Schröder, Führer zu Orten jüdischer Geschichte in Rostock, Stiftung Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur in Rostock (ed.), Rostock: Redieck & Schade, 2002, (=Schriften aus dem Max-Samuel-Haus; vol. 1), p. 9\. No ISBN.
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After several months without seeing Leni, Solek visits Leni's mother, who does not sympathize with the Nazis. She tells him Leni is pregnant and intends to "give the child to the Führer", in the Lebensborn program. Solek realizes that the child's father is his best friend and classmate Gerd. When Leni's mother presses Josef on his identity, he breaks down and confesses that he is Jewish; she tells him that she suspected that and promises not to betray him.
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The intention was to incapacitate the RAF so much that the UK would feel open to air attack, and would begin peace negotiations. It was also to isolate the UK and damage war production, beginning an effective blockade. Directive No. 17 – For the conduct of air and sea warfare against England, Führer Headquarters, 1 August 1940. Following severe Luftwaffe losses, Hitler agreed at a 14 September OKW conference that the air campaign was to intensify regardless of invasion plans.
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This tended to happen during wet weather, but also, more insidiously, in defective or damaged hangars. In the words of Führer der Luftschiffe Peter Strasser: The decision was made to compensate the company for the unusable wooden ships, and in response the company started work on a tubular aluminum-framed ship which was probably not completed. The German Navy had bases closer to the sea, and thus more humid. They were reluctant to accept wooden composite craft.
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In January 1943 Merten became the commander of the 26th U-boat Flotilla and in March 1943, Merten was given command of the 24th U-boat Flotilla. In February 1945, he was posted to the posted to the Führer Headquarters in Berlin. At the end of the war, he was taken prisoner of war by US forces and released again in late June 1945. After the war, Merten worked in salvaging sunken ships in the Rhine river.
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Outside of Amestris, there are few named countries, and none are seen in the main story. The main foreign country is Xing. Heavily reminiscent of China, Xing has a complex system of clans and emperors, as opposed to Amestris's government-controlled election of a Führer. It also has its own system of alchemy, called , which is more medical and can be bi-located using kunai; in turn, it is implied that all countries have different forms of alchemy.
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Jim Bredemus. "American Bund – The Failure of American Nazism: The German-American Bund's Attempt to Create an American "Fifth Column"". TRACES.Retrieved May 2nd 2019. In May 1933, German immigrant and member of the German Nazi Party, Heinz Spanknöbel was given authority by Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess to form an official American Nazi Party, which would become the “Friends of New Germany” party, called the 'National Socialist German Workers' Party of the U.S.A.' by the NSDAP.
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25 July 1944 though Germany did not possess the capability to fulfill these threats. These schemes were met by the Americans with Operation Teardrop. While interned after the war by the British at CSDIC camp 11, Dornberger was recorded saying that he had begged the Führer to stop the V-weapon propaganda, because nothing more could be expected from one ton of explosive. To this Hitler had replied that Dornberger might not expect more, but he (Hitler) certainly did.
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Following the St Nazaire Raid on 28 March 1942, Raeder decided the risk of further seaborne attack was high and relocated the western command centre for U-boats to the Château de Pignerolle, where a command bunker was built and from where all Enigma radio messages between German command and Atlantic based operational U-boats were transmitted/received. In July 1942, Hans-Rudolf Rösing was appointed as FdU West (Führer der Unterseeboote West). Pignerolle became his headquarters.
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Reichsgau Wartheland had the population: 4,693,700 by 1941. Greiser wrote in November 1942: "I myself do not believe that the Führer needs to be asked again in this matter, especially since at our last discussion with regard to the Jews he told me that I could proceed with these according to my own judgement."Ian Kershaw, Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution (Yale University Press, 2008), p. 75. Heim ins Reich re-settlement in Warthegau.
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According to Jäckel, for Germany these meant ultra-nationalism, the Führerprinzip (Führer principle), and militarism, and all three were the constants throughout Hitler's beliefs throughout his life.Marrus, Michael The Holocaust In History, Toronto: KeyPorter, 2000 page 15. In Jäckel's opinion, Mein Kampf is a long rant against the three principles that Hitler saw as the antithesis of his three sacred principles, namely internationalism, democracy and pacifism.Marrus, Michael The Holocaust In History, Toronto: KeyPorter, 2000 page 15.
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In order to deliver such a vast number of spectators to their seats quickly, express lifts were to be installed to take spectators 100 at a time to seats on the top three tiers.Albert Speer, Architektur: Arbeiten 1933-1942 (Berlin: Propyläen, 1995), 18. The short transverse axis of the stadium culminated at each of its ends in a raised Ehrentribüne (Tribune of Honour) for the Führer, special guests and the press. Once more, Roman practice provided the architectural precedent.
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In 1929, German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann negotiated the withdrawal of Allied forces. The last soldiers left the Rhineland in June 1930. Following the Nazis', taking power in 1933, Germany began working towards rearmament and the remilitarisation of the Rhineland. On 7 March 1936, using the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance as a pretext, Chancellor and Führer Adolf Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht to march 3,000 German troops into the Rhineland, to joyous celebrations across Germany.
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This was where deputy- führer Rudolf Hess aimed to reach during his doomed peace mission to see the Douglas, 14th Duke of Hamilton in 1941. In 1947, Dungavel was sold to the coal board, and then on to the government, who turned it into an open prison. Currently, it is the site of a controversial holding centre for asylum- seekers. The family moved to Lennoxlove House in East Lothian, which remains the residence of the current Duke.
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Fest Hitler talked to Stennes and to groups of SA the next day, urging them to follow his leadership. He redefined the issue in different and simpler terms: Was the SA entirely loyal to Hitler under the Führerprinzip, or not? Then on the following day, he convened a meeting of some 2000 SA and announced he was personally taking over as Supreme Leader of the SA and SS (thus becoming Partei- und Oberster SA-Führer).Hoffman, pp. 17-19.
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SS-Oberabschnitt Süd, often translated as "SS-District South" or "SS-Group South", was a division strength command of the Allgemeine-SS and the oldest SS-division in continuous existence from the inception of the SS in the late 1920s to the downfall of Nazi Germany in 1945. One of its most notable commanders was Rudolf Hess who served as an early SS leader after which he was better known as the Deputy Führer of Nazi Germany.
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Manowarda was awarded the honorary title of Kammersänger in 1929. After Manowarda's death, a funeral service was held at the Berlin State Opera in January 1943, attended by Goebbels and Hermann Göring. In Göring's speech, Manowarda was described as a "faithful, uncompromising and victory-believing henchman of the Führer". The coffin of the singer stood on the stage of the Berlin State Opera Unter den Linden on the orders of Hermann Göring at this funeral service.
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Jonathan Petropoulos, Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 201 Through Rosenberg, de Ropp met Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess. According to Ladislas Farago, a close personal relationship developed between the Führer and de Ropp. Hitler used him as a confidential consultant on British affairs and outlined to him frankly his grandiose plans, described by one author as "a trust no other foreigner enjoyed to this extent".
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C. Jurando, N Thomas PhD: Germany's Eastern Front Allies(2): Baltic Force, page 5. Osprey Publishing, 2002, The two Germans in charge wanted Erna to pledge allegiance to the Führer. However, Colonel Kurg strongly opposed this; he insisted that they were not Germans but Estonian volunteers, ready to co-operate, but without any commitments to Hitler. An agreement was reached that being in the service of the Finnish army, Erna should give the oath of loyalty to Finland.
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Gerhard Herbert Kretschmar (20 February 1939 – 25 July 1939), was a German child born with severe disabilities. After receiving a petition from the child's parents, the German Führer Adolf Hitler authorized one of his personal physicians, Karl Brandt, to have the child euthanized. This marked the beginning of the program in Nazi Germany known as a "euthanasia program" - Aktion T4 - which ultimately resulted in the deliberate killing of about 200,000 people with mental and/or physical disabilities.
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After unrelenting political pressure from Adolf Hitler, Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. On 27 March, a military coup d'état overthrew the government that had signed the pact, and a new government was formed under the commander of the VVKJ, Armijski đeneral Dušan Simović. A general mobilisation was not initiated by the new government until 3 April 1941, out of fear of offending Hitler and thus precipitating war. However, on the same day as the coup, Hitler issued Führer Directive 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state, and on 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the German-led Axis invasion, which was to commence on 6 April. The deployment plan for 2nd Army Group saw the 1st Army in the Bačka region between the Danube and the Tisza, with formations centred around the towns of Sombor, Bačka Topola and Senta, with the 3rd Cavalry Division held in depth, south of the Danube in the Fruška Gora region.
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Thomas p. 152. Sorge used the examples of Julius Caesar and Ferdinand Magellan using brutal methods to crush mutinies to argue that great leaders throughout history had always used extreme violence to maintain discipline, and though he emphasized that a good officer should never have to be confronted with the threat of mutiny, but if such a threat did emerge, the best thing that could be done was to follow Hitler's example in 1934, and have all the mutineers summarily executed. Der Marineoffizier ended with the claim that combating "Jewish materialism" was one of a good officer's principal duties, and this was best done by making "... Germans energetic and thankful followers of the Führer", and help them "... understand that the Führer also had to use a heavy hand ... in order to accomplish his fantastic aim". Through Raeder never joined the N.S.D.A.P, maintaining throughout his life that he was "above politics", in 1937, Hitler awarded Raeder the Golden Party Badge to honour him for his work in promoting National Socialism in the Kriegsmarine.
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With the publication of his volume of poems "Adel und Untergang" (Nobility and Ruin) he became one of the most distinguished poets of his time. Especially admired was the volume "Wien wörtlich" (Vienna Verbatim), which is partially written in Viennese dialect. However the forty Odes comprising the Cycle "Zwischen Göttern und Dämonen" (Between Gods and Demons) of 1938 are considered his poetical masterpiece. The NSDAP publishers Langen-Müller introduced Weinheber to the lucrative German market, and he was invited on extensive reading tours in the Altreich and awarded a valuable prize for foreign German writers. After 1938 he wrote numerous Nazi propaganda poems, such as “Hymnus auf die Heimkehr” (“Hymn to Austria’s return”), “Dem Führer” (“To the führer”) or “Ode an die Straßen Adolf Hitlers” (“Ode to the streets of Adolf Hitler”), and became the most-read contemporary poet in Nazi Germany. He received numerous honors and awards, and was included by Adolf Hitler on the list of 1,041 Gottbegnadeten or “divinely gifted” prominent Nazi artists who were exempt from war service on account of their cultural importance.
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Henlein sometimes made decisions without consulting the committee he was ostensibly responsible to, and he constantly lied and dissembled even to his closest followers. However, despite his attempts to present himself as a Führer who commanded blind loyalty from his followers, Henlein's status was actually that of a primus inter pares who had to deal with a quarreling committee badly divided between Catholic traditionalists and völkisch nationalists, and Henlein frequently had to threaten to resign as a way of asserting his authority. Gestures like when Henlein summoned all of the SdP deputies to Eger (modern Cheb, Czech Republic) to publicly swear personal oaths of loyalty to Führer Henlein represented his weakness as a party leader, not his strength. Not all of the committee members were aware of the fact that the SdP was being secretly funded by the German government, and one of the committee's members who did know about the subsidies from Germany was Henlein's rival, Karl Herman Frank, who sometimes used that information to blackmail him.
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Every officer who started to receive the money always had a meeting first with Lammers, who informed them that the future payments would depend on how much loyalty they were willing to show Hitler, and what the Führer gave with one hand, could just as easily be taken away with the other. Payments from Konto 5 to the bank account of General Friedrich Paulus stopped in August 1943 not because Paulus had lost the Battle of Stalingrad, but because Paulus had gone on Soviet radio to blame Hitler for the defeat. In the same way, after the failure of the July 20 putsch of 1944, the families of Erwin Rommel, Franz Halder, Friedrich Fromm and Günther von Kluge were punished by being cut off from the monthly payments from Konto 5. In the case of Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, it was demanded that his family pay back all of the bribe money he had taken from Konto 5 since the money was given as a reward for loyalty to the Führer, which Witzleben was evidently not.
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Gleichschaltung – of German society, the Nazis amalgamated all motoring organisations in Germany in the DDAC (Der Deutsche Automobil-Club e.V.), an umbrella association that was allowed to exist in the shadow of the NSKK (National Socialist Motor Corps). A DDAC appeal described the 1934 international Automobile Exhibition as a “show for the people” rather than an “exhibition for the more affluent bourgeois segment” of society. “Motoring for the people” (Volkskraftfahrt), it proclaimed, was more “in the spirit of the Führer”.
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Hitler's headquarters is determined to be a large fortified facility inside the irradiated badlands outside Berlin, which the group infiltrates. They sabotage the industrial plant that the Führer is using to manufacture weapons, equipment, and food supplies for the zombie army and then face off with Hitler himself. After defeating an enormous zombie Hitler, Faireburne tosses the real Hitler down to Hell. Medvedev throws the relic, and Faireburne shoots it just before it enters the Hellhole, releasing its holy energy.
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Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Still hoping that the British would negotiate for peace, Hitler explicitly prohibited attacks on London and against civilians. Any airmen who, intentionally or unintentionally, violated this order were punished. Hitler's No. 17 Directive, issued 1 August 1940, established the conduct of war against Britain and specifically forbade the Luftwaffe from conducting terror raids. The Führer declared that terror attacks could only be a means of reprisal, as ordered by him.Wood and Dempster, 2003. p. 122.
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As head of Cautio Treuhand GmbH, a German holding company, Winkler was trusted with the task of economically and culturally supporting ethnic German communities in other countries, and establishing the "fortification" of German minority newspapers. After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Nazi Germany in 1933, Winkler was instrumental in the Gleichschaltung (bringing in line) of the press. Winkler did not join the ruling Nazi Party until 1937. In the same year, the Führer named him "Reich Commissioner for the German Film Industry".
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Since the publication of his first novel, The Liar (1991), Fry has written three further novels, several non-fiction works and three volumes of autobiography. Making History (1996) is partly set in an alternative universe in which Adolf Hitler's father is made infertile and his replacement proves a more effective Führer. The book won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History. The Hippopotamus (1994) is about Edward (Ted/Tedward) Wallace and his stay at his old friend Lord Logan's country manor in Norfolk.
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This law stated that upon Hindenburg's death, the office of president would be abolished and its powers merged with those of the chancellor. Hitler thus became head of state as well as head of government, and was formally named as Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor), although Reichskanzler was eventually quietly dropped. With this action, Hitler eliminated the last legal remedy by which he could be removed from office. As head of state, Hitler became commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
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The book was well received. Entertainment Weekly gave it an "A" grade: "This is scathing, fascinating stuff, and with Minear's commentary, it provides a provocative history of wartime politics.""Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons Of Theodor Seuss Geisel", Entertainment Weekly, November 5, 1999. People described the book as "How the Führer (Almost) Stole Christmas" and called it "a revelation", although (like many other reviewers) it noted with distate Seuss's "incongruously, appallingly caricatured Japanese-Americans".
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Adolf Hitler, Führer and Reich Chancellor of the German People, 1933–1945 In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany. His first diplomatic visitor was Gömbös. In a letter to Hitler within a day of his being appointed Chancellor, Gömbös told the Hungarian ambassador to Germany to remind Hitler "that ten years ago, on the basis of our common principles and ideology, we were in contact via Dr. Scheubner-Richter".Iván T. Berend, Tibor Iván Berend.
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The future Führer also struck a deal with Strasser to disband the Northern Working Group of the NSDAP and asked him to assume responsibility for the party propaganda department. Strasser accepted this position, but a car accident March 1926 proved a setback: he was bedridden as a result. Upon recovery, he was welcomed back into this position. Thus, in addition to his Gauleiter responsibilities, from 16 September 1926 until 2 January 1928, he was the NSDAP's national leader for propaganda (Reichspropagandaleiter).
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In 1932–33, the RSD was only allowed to provide security duties for Hitler at a distance. One evening in 1933, while traveling in Munich, Hitler became aware of an unknown car following his own. He told his driver Erich Kempka to accelerate the supercharged Mercedes-Benz, so the following car could not keep up. It turned out that the car pursuing Hitler was full of RSD bodyguards, who had not thought to inform the Führer or any of his immediate entourage beforehand.
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Mohnke had been appointed to his position by Hitler and had over 2,000 men under his direct command. His core group were the 800 men of the Leibstandarte (LSSAH) SS Guard Battalion (assigned to guard the Führer). The Soviet command later estimated the number of defenders in Berlin at 180,000, but this was based on the number of German prisoners they captured. The prisoners included many unarmed men in uniform, such as railway officials and members of the Reich Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst).
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Colonel , the , is a State Alchemist and Edward's direct superior. He is promoted to Brigadier General at the end of the series and is a General in the epilogue. He aims towards becoming the next Führer of Amestris, heavily relying on the support of his loyal subordinates to propel him along that path. Mustang finds this path interrupted by the murder of his best friend and confidant, Maes Hughes; afterward, he begins an almost behind-the-scenes investigation into finding the true culprit.
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Lactarius vietus was first described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 as Agaricus vietus in his Systema Mycologicum. In his 1838 work Epicrisis systematis mycologici, Fries reclassified the species as a Lactarius, giving it its current name. Subsequent attempts to reclassify the species have been unsuccessful. In his 1871 work Der Führer in die Pilzkunde, Paul Kummer reclassified the species as a member of Galorrheus, and in Otto Kuntze's 1891 Revisio generum plantarum, the species was placed in the genus Lactifluus.
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15 U-boats served in the Constantinople Flotilla; 7 were lost operationally: 5 in the Black Sea and 2 in the Mediterranean. One U-boat was sold to Bulgaria. Two more U-boats were assigned to the Flotilla but were lost en route to Constantinople. In 1917 the force was amalgamated with the Pola Flotilla, coming under the command of the U-Boat Leader, Mediterranean (Führer der U-boote im Mittelmeer) there; the unit was renamed the Constantinople Half-Flotilla (U-Halbflotille Konstantinopel).
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On April 1, 1920, Peter Kaufmann- Bohren was certified as a mountain guide 2. Klasse.Kaufmann. Führer-Buch, p. 5. During the 1920s, he frequently climbed with his father (Peter Kaufmann-von Allmen), step-uncles, and brother (Fritz), and he was praised not only for his excellent climbing skills but also his skiing abilities. On December 20, 1928, he received his teaching certificate as a ski teacher (Skilehrer Patent) from the Bernese Ski-Teachers' Commission, which he renewed annually for 36 years.
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Each SS unit comprised no more than ten SS-Mann under the command of an SS- Staffelführer, or squadron leader. The Staffelführer in turn answered to a local SS-Gauführer, or district leader, who answered to the national leader of the SS, known as the Reichsführer-SS. By April 1926, the basic SS unit had become the larger SS-Sturm which comprised as many as fifty SS troopers. The rank of Staffelführer, at this point, became known simply as SS-Führer.
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Hess was a vegetarian, and he did not smoke or drink. He brought his own food to the Berghof, claiming it was biologically dynamic, but Hitler did not approve of this practice, so he discontinued taking meals with the Führer. Hess was interested in music, enjoyed reading and loved to spend time hiking and climbing in the mountains with Ilse. He and his friend Albrecht Haushofer shared an interest in astrology, and Hess also was keen on clairvoyance and the occult.
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Hitler stripped Hess of all of his party and state offices, and secretly ordered him shot on sight if he ever returned to Germany. He abolished the post of Deputy Führer, assigning Hess's former duties to Bormann, with the title of Head of the Party Chancellery. Bormann used the opportunity afforded by Hess's departure to secure significant power for himself. Meanwhile, Hitler initiated Aktion Hess, a flurry of hundreds of arrests of astrologers, faith healers and occultists that took place around 9 June.
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Sydnor, Charles "The Selling of Adolf Hitler: David Irving's Hitler's War" pages 169–99 from Central European History Issue # 2, Volume 12, June 1979 pages 184. Likewise, Sydnor argued that Irving's statement that all previous Hitler biographies were compromised by their hostility towards der Führer is not supported by an examination of said biographies.Sydnor, Charles "The Selling of Adolf Hitler: David Irving's Hitler's War" pages 169–99 from Central European History Issue # 2, Volume 12, June 1979 pages 175–176.
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After he began his job in 1883, Weimar painted hundreds of the museum exhibits. These painting were used in the first "Führer durch das Museum durch das Hamburgische Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe (Guide through the Hamburg Museum of Art and Design)". After 1890, he began to use halftone reproduction methods which enabled him to produce half-tone pictures of exhibits for use in books and newspapers. At short time later, he began to produce diapositive slides for guides to the museum collection.
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The Führer of the Greater German Reich is the world's most powerful political leader. Besides the Reich itself, the "Greater Germanic Empire" includes countries that are occupied (but not annexed) and others that are allied. The occupied countries have their own governments but limited sovereignty; the Nazis interfere in their internal affairs, especially in applying racist ideology. The allies, though technically independent, are subject to heavy Nazi influence; most of them represent the local varieties of racist, fascist, and radical nationalist forces.
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Quoting Hitler: The Führer emphasized that we had to understand that the Europe of today was nothing but a geographical term; in reality Asia extended up to our frontiers. Nazi racial views regarded the "Judeo-Bolshevist" Soviet state both as a criminal institution which needed to be destroyed as well as a barbarian place as yet lacking any actual culture that would give it a "European" character.Rich, Norman (1972). Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State and the Course of Expansion, p. 212.
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Artyom escapes to the surface and experiences a strange vision of a fantasy Moscow. Artyom arrives at Polis, a union of four stations and the headquarters of the Spartan Order. There, he meets with Letyaga, a Spartan friend of his, and Miller, leader of the Order and Anya's father. Miller tasks Letyaga and Artyom with delivering a message to the Reich's Führer. Artyom is allowed into the Reich after Letyaga says that the letter is actually from someone named “Bessolov”.
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Ingo Hasselbach (born July 14, 1967 in Berlin-Weißensee) is a German well known for being a former neo-Nazi. He is the author of the book Führer Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Nazi (with Tom Reiss, also made into a movie directed by ), which has been translated into several languages. Furthermore he was co- founder of the German EXIT project, which helps people leave the neo-Nazi community. The project is modeled on a Swedish project with the same name.
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The Führer, p. 255. Presaging this Nazi goal, Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf: "Without consideration of traditions and prejudices, Germany must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil, and hence also free it from the danger of vanishing from the earth or of serving others as a slave nation".Hitler (1971). Mein Kampf, p. 646.
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Charlie Chaplin as "Adenoid Hynkel" in the film The Great Dictator, 1940 "The Third Reich", 1934 painting by the anti-Nazi exile German painter Heinrich Vogeler. Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933 (Führer from 1934) to 1945. Hitler has been represented in popular culture ever since he became a well-known politician in Germany. His distinctive image was often parodied by his opponents.
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Browning maintained that such an order need never have been written, given that Hitler had almost certainly made statements to his leading subordinates indicating his wishes regarding the Jews, thus rendering irrelevant the question of an extant written order.Guttenplan 2001, p. 211. Browning testified that several experts on Nazi Germany believe there was no written Führer order for the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question", but that nevertheless no historian doubts the reality of the Nazi genocide.Guttenplan 2001, p. 212.
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Martin Gilbert; Second World War; Butler & Tanner Ltd; 1989; p 59 Alfred Jodl noted in his diary that the Germans knew the Belgian envoy to the Vatican had been tipped off, and the Führer was greatly agitated by the danger of treachery.William L. Shirer; The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich; Secker & Warburg; London; 1960; p. 719 The German invasion of the Low Countries followed on May 10 and Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were quickly overwhelmed. In 1943, Müller was arrested.
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Weizsäcker also appealed to the Soviet authorities to agree to a pardon for the last inmate in the Spandau Prison, former Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess. This proved unsuccessful, and Hess committed suicide six weeks later. The visit was nevertheless considered a success, as Gorbachev was quoted afterwards saying that "a new page of history was opened", after the two had discussed matters of disarmament. Also in 1987, Erich Honecker became the first East German leader to visit the Federal Republic.
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German Resistance Memorial Center, Berlin. Retrieved March 23, 2010 In April 1944, the Social Democrat Adolf Reichwein made contact with Saefkow with a view to involve him with the KPD group in the 20 July Plot which sought to assassinate or otherwise overthrow Adolf Hitler. It eventually took the form of the well- known 20 July bomb attack on the Führer at the latter's HQ, the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia. It famously failed with dire consequences for the plotters.
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They headed for the east coast of England, timing their flight to arrive off the coast just after dark. The commander of L.70 was Fregattenkapitän Peter Strasser, the Führer der Luftschiffe ("Leader of Airships", the commander of all Naval airships). However, the airship squadron was spotted out at sea by the Lenman Tail lightship, which signalled their course and position to the Admiralty. Cadbury was attending a charity concert at which his wife was performing when an RAF orderly found him.
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Hitler had issued Führer Directive no. 17 on 1 August 1940; the strategic objective was to engage and defeat the RAF so as to achieve air superiority in preparation for Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelöwe), the proposed amphibious invasion of Great Britain. Mölders returned to approved operational flying status and flew his next two combat missions on 28 August 1940. His aide and wingman, Oberleutnant Kircheis, was shot down and taken prisoner during one of these missions; Oberleutnant Georg Claus took his place.
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In 1934 he became a member of the Provincial Council of Rhine Province and also was appointed Reichsinspekteur in the Reichsleitung (Reich Leadership) of the Party. In June 1938 he was named an Honorary Senator of the University of Cologne. In February 1941, Haake attended a meeting with representatives of the Aktion T4 program, concerning the establishment of a euthanasia program for mentally institutionalized patients in Rhine Province. At first resistant, Haake relented when shown a Führer decree authorizing and ordering the implementation.
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Kurt Zierold, Forschungsförderung in drei Epochen, 1968, p. 251 Donnevert worked in the office of the Deputy Führer until in 1940 when he was sent by Rudolf Hess and Martin Bormann to serve as deputy Gauleiter in the Sudetenland with specific instructions to control his new superior Konrad Henlein.Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party: Volume 2 1933-1945, David & Charles, 1973, p. 272 Henlein was aware of Donnevert's intrigues against him and was able to engineer his deputy's removal from office.
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Some of the funds received through this programme were disbursed to various party leaders, but Bormann retained most of it for Hitler's personal use. Bormann and others took notes of Hitler's thoughts expressed over dinner and in monologues late into the night and preserved them. The material was published after the war as Hitler's Table Talk. The office of the Deputy Führer had final approval over civil service appointments, and Bormann reviewed the personnel files and made the decisions regarding appointments.
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Henri Tisot (1 June 1937 – 6 August 2011) was a French actor, writer, and humorist. He was best known for playing Adolf Hitler in the farcical film The Fuhrer Runs Amok,Le führer en folie at Rotten Tomatoes for his parodies of the speeches of General Charles de Gaulle, and for the television series La trilogie marseillaise.La Trilogie Marseillaise at IMDb Henri Tisot was born in La Seyne-sur-Mer. He died at the age of 74 in Sanary-sur-Mer, Var, France.
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Chart showing the alt= In August 1934, civil servants and members of the military were required to swear an oath of unconditional obedience to Hitler. These laws became the basis of the Führerprinzip, the concept that Hitler's word overrode all existing laws. Any acts that were sanctioned by Hitler—even murder—thus became legal. All legislation proposed by cabinet ministers had to be approved by the office of Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess, who could also veto top civil service appointments.
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Macfarland, p. 15 According to historian Richard J. Evans, this use of "Führer" by Schönerer's Pan-German Association, probably introduced the term to the German far right, but its specific adoption by the Nazis may have been influenced by the use in Italy of "Duce", also meaning "leader", as an informal title for Benito Mussolini, the Fascist Prime Minister, and later (from 1922) dictator, of that country.Evans, Richard J. (2003) The Coming of the Third Reich. New York; Penguin. pp.
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Germany's legal establishment further capitulated to the regime when the country's leading legal scholar, Carl Schmitt, wrote an article defending Hitler's July 13 speech. It was named "The Führer Upholds the Law." A special fund administered by SS General Franz Breithaupt was set up for the relatives of the murdered, from which they were cared for at state cost. The widows of the murdered SA leaders received between 1,000 and 1,600 marks a month, depending on the rank of the murdered person.
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The name Jūrmala stems from Latvian jūra ("sea") and mala ("edge", "side", "margin"), thus "seaside" in English. In 1920, soon after Latvian independence, the town of Rīgas Jūrmala ("Seaside of Riga") was established.JŪRMALA, Nature and Cultural Heritage, Ed. LaimaSlava, Neputns 2004, , page 77 In German it became known as Rigasche Strand and Riga-Strand (Beach of Riga), and advertised as part of Baltische Riviera (the Baltic Riviera)Der Rigasche Strand - Baltische Riviera: illustrierter Führer durch Die Badeorte des Rigaschen Strandes. - Herausg.
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SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT) (') was formed in 1934 as combat troops for the Nazi Party (NSDAP). On 17 August 1938 Adolf Hitler decreed that the SS-VT was neither a part of the police nor the German Wehrmacht, but military-trained men at the disposal of the Führer. At the time of war, the SS-VT were to be placed at the disposal of the army. The SS-VT were involved in the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.
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In 1933, Heydrich gathered some of his men from the SD and together they stormed police headquarters in Munich and took over the organisation using intimidation tactics. Himmler became the Munich police chief and Heydrich became the commander of Department IV, the political police. In 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, and through a series of decrees became Germany's Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor). The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933.
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Leaders often accused of ruling totalitarian regimes, from left to right and top to bottom in picture, include Joseph Stalin, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Adolf Hitler, former Führer of Germany; Mao Zedong, former Chairman of the Communist Party of China; Benito Mussolini, former Duce of Italy; and Kim Il-sung, the Eternal President of North Korea Totalitarianism is a conceptRejai, Mostafa (1994). Political Ideologies: A Comparative Approach. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. p. 74. .Schäfer, Michael (2004).
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Martin Heidegger in his inaugural lecture in May 1933 as Rektor, and who was later in October appointed "Führer of the university", said (translated): "The much celebrated "academic freedom" is being banished from the German university; for this freedom was not genuine, since it was only negative. It meant primarily freedom from concern, arbitrariness of intentions and inclinations, lack of restraint in what was done and left undone. The concept of freedom of the German is now brought back to its truth".
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In early September 1944, at the beginning of the Battle of Metz. the German command integrated the defenses around Metz. On September 2, 1944, Metz was declared in effect by the Reich fortress Hitler. The fortress must be defended to the last by German troops, whose leaders were all sworn to the Führer.. The next day, September 3, 1944, General Krause, then commander of the fortress of Metz, established his High Command, the main command post in the barracks fort Alvensleben.
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After creating the motto ¡Viva la muerte! (Long live death!), Millán Astray adapted the National socialist's Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer (one people, one empire, one leader) in order to create the motto Una patria, un estado, un caudillo. When the Junta de Defensa became the Junta Técnica del Estado and Franco was named as the head of state, it became compulsory for all newspapers and postcards in the Nationalist-controlled zones to include this motto in their header.
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In 1912 Lüders summarized "As all statements about epigraphical finds that admit of verification have proved to be false, it is very likely that no inscriptions at all have turned up". In 1912, the German Indologist Heinrich Lüders identified in the Lucknow Provincial Museum forged inscriptions in Brahmi on artifacts belonging to Führer's excavations at Mathura and Ramnagar, forgeries which he attributed to Führer himself. Some of the forged inscriptions were direct copies of inscriptions on other objects, previously published in Epigraphia Indica.
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In October 1939, the Deutschland, Germania, and Der Führer regiments were reorganised into the SS- Verfügungs-Division. The Leibstandarte remained independent and was increased in strength to a reinforced motorised regiment. Hitler authorised the creation of two new divisions: the SS Totenkopf Division, formed from militarised Standarten of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, and the Polizei Division, formed from members of the national police force. Almost overnight the force that the OKW had tried to disband had increased from 18,000 to over 100,000 men.
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Both Krupinski and Hartmann were ordered to the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (Ministry of Aviation) in Berlin for the Oak Leaves presentation. Both arrived in Berlin on 23 March 1944 only to learn that the presentation would be made at the Führerhauptquartier (Führer Headquarter). They were instructed to go the Anhalter Bahnhof where they would take an overnight train to the Führerhauptquartier. Here they met fellow JG 52 pilots Gerhard Barkhorn, who was to receive the Swords to his Knight's Cross, and Johannes Wiese.
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Führer durch die Sammlungen. Merrell Holberton, London, pp. 10–16. Replica casts of ancient sculptures that were originally on display in the Sculpture Hall (Skulpturenhalle), but moved into storage in 1927 due to a lack of public interest, became part of the Museum of Ancient Art (Antikenmuseum) in 1961 and again received their own exhibition space in 1963 in the new Basel Sculpture Hall (Skulpturhalle Basel). It features the world's only complete reconstruction of architectural sculpture from the Parthenon in Athens.
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Kampfgeschwader 76 (KG 76) (Battle Wing) was a Luftwaffe bomber Group during World War II. It was one of the few bomber groups that operated throughout the war. In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany. To meet the expansionist aims of their Führer, the German state began an enormous rearmament programme to build the Wehrmacht (German armed forces). 76 was created in May 1939 as the Luftwaffe sought to reorganise and increase its strength.
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A crowd of other residents crowds around a skeletal wireless receiver, but reception is poor. Rollo climbs up to the roof of the barn to fix the antenna, then slips and falls from the roof. Just then, the announcer introduces a broadcast by the President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It speaks of Hitler's invasion of Germany's neighbors and the scene cuts to the Führer (Theodore Lehmann) who is instructing his diminutive but aggressive secret agent Otto Kriegling (Billy Barty) on his latest mission.
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Over four hours, 80 depth charges were dropped on U-617. At 16:00 on 23 November, Brandi unsuccessfully attacked a cruiser before arriving in La Spezia on 28 November 1942. Although no ships were actually sunk that day, the Führer der Unterseeboote Italy (FdU—Leader of U-boat Operations) later credited Brandi with the sinking of one cruiser of French or American origin, and one destroyer. Additionally the FdU acknowledged that Brandi had torpedoed two freighters, their sinking was assumed.
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Einar Grill Fasting (25 October 1883 - 21 April 1958) was a Norwegian businessperson and Nazi politician. In 1933 he co-founded the local branch of the Norwegian Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in Hamar. He became the city leader (Führer), whereas townsman Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie became county leader. Compared to elsewhere in Norway, the party was relatively successful in Hamar, winning two city council seats in its first election outing. Fasting also chaired the local sports club Hamar IL from 1930 to 1934.
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Philipp Lenard, England und Deutschland zur Zeit des großen Krieges - Geschrieben Mitte August 1914, publiziert im Winter 1914, Heidelberg. When, on 26 January 1920, the former naval cadet Oltwig von Hirschfeld tried to assassinate German Finance minister Matthias Erzberger, Lenard sent Hirschfeld a telegram of congratulation.Heinz Eisgruber: Völkische und deutsch-nationale Führer, 1925. After the 1922 assassination of politician Walther Rathenau, the government ordered flags flown at half mast on the day of his funeral, but Lenard ignored the order at his institute in Heidelberg.
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In 2012 he starred in the film Iron Sky as the movie's primary antagonist – Moon Nazi officer Adler, who infiltrates the US and plots to become Führer of the Moon Nazi colony. Götz Otto in 2009, at the Women's World Awards. He has tried his hand to being an occasional race car driver. In 2007, he raced in the German Mini Challenge VIP car at Oschersleben, but, after a strong performance in the first race, he rolled the car on the second turn of race two.
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With the SS-Standarte Deutschland, SS–Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Kempin participated in the invasion of Poland and the subsequent operations in the West; receiving both classes of the Iron Cross. Kempin remained with this unit until March 1941 when he was transferred to the SS-Regiment Der Führer where he served first with the 13. Kompanie and later with the II. Battalion under future SS- Brigadeführer Heinz Harmel. Unfortunately, on 3 September 1941 he was seriously wounded by shrapnel from a grenade and was hospitalized until December 1941.
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Retrieved March 15, 2010 On 13 November 1940 Kreyssig was summoned by Gürtner, who laid before Kreyssig Hitler's personal letter that had started the euthanasia program and which constituted the sole legal basis for it. Kreyssig replied, "The Führer's word does not create a right," clearly signifying that he did not recognize this as a legal right. Gürtner then told Kreyssig, "If you cannot recognise the will of the Führer as a source of law, then you cannot remain a judge." In December 1940, Kreyssig was suspended.
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Dönitz admired Hitler and was vocal about the qualities he perceived in Hitler's leadership. In August 1943, he praised his foresightedness and confidence; "anyone who thinks he can do better than the Führer is stupid." Dönitz's relationship with Hitler strengthened through to the end of the war, particularly after the 20 July plot, for the naval staff officers were not involved; when news of it came there was indignation in the OKM. Even after the war, Dönitz said he could never have joined the conspirators.
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Another event, in which he spoke to Hitler Youth in what was defined as an "inappropriate way," earned him the nickname of "Hitler Youth Dönitz." He refused to help Albert Speer stop the scorched earth policy dictated by Hitler and is also noted to have declared, "In comparison to Hitler we are all pipsqueaks. Anyone who believes he can do better than the Führer is stupid." Dönitz and other officers performing the Nazi salute in 1941 Dönitz contributed to the spread of Nazism within the Kriegsmarine.
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Bloom interrupted Schulz and shouted "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer" at him. He then proceeded to call the latter "an undemocratic fascist", a remark for which he was removed from the chamber. Labour MEP group leader Glenis Willmott described his behavior as "an insult to all those who have fought against fascism" whilst Liberal Democrat group leader Fiona Hall described him as a "national embarrassment". At the height of the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal, Bloom complained about the lack of manners of the political class.
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After the war he worked as a salesman and became involved in right-wing politics by joining the Hamburger Nationalklub, a Hamburg-based group for rightist businessmen. Around this time he also took out membership in the Sturmabteilung and the Nazi Party. In June 1933 he was one of only three men hired by the newly established Office of the Deputy Führer. Here he held the rank of Politischer Leiter, a functionary in the Nazi Party, a rank also held by his co-workers Martin Bormann and .
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Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler agitated against atheists: "Any human being who does not believe in God should be considered arrogant, megalomaniacal, and stupid." On 13 October 1933, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess issued a decree stating: "No National Socialist may suffer any detriment on the ground that he does not profess any particular faith or confession or on the ground that he does not make any religious profession at all."Baynes, Norman H. ed. (1969). The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922-August 1939. 1.
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After the German aggression on 10 May 1940, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg first fell under the administration of the German Military Commander of Belgium and Northern France in Brussels, namely General Alexander von Falkenhausen. Under this commander, Gustav Simon took over civil administration of Luxembourg on 25 July 1940. The occupation status ended on 2 August 1940, when Simon was appointed Chef der Zivilverwaltung (CdZ) by a decree from the Führer (Führererlass). His representative in this function was the district president (Regierungspräsident) of Trier, Heinrich Siekmeier.
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In 1945, as the end of Nazi Germany drew near, Kempka accompanied Hitler to the Reich Chancellery and later the Führerbunker. By then, Kempka oversaw a fleet of 40 vehicles, 60 drivers and mechanics. On 20 April, ten days before Hitler's suicide, he briefly wished the Führer a happy birthday and spent about fifteen minutes with him. Kempka was one of those responsible for the burning of Hitler and Eva Braun's corpses after they committed suicide together on the afternoon of 30 April 1945.
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From mid-1924 he worked under Gregor Strasser as a party secretary and propaganda assistant. Travelling all over Bavaria agitating for the party, he gave speeches and distributed literature. Placed in charge of the party office in Lower Bavaria by Strasser from late 1924, he was responsible for integrating the area's membership with the NSDAP under Hitler when the party was re-founded in February 1925. That same year, he joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) as an SS-Führer (SS-Leader); his SS number was 168.
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After 1989 Führer became an advocate for unemployed people; he was a co-founder of the "Church Initiative for the Jobless, Leipzig" (Kirchliche Erwerbsloseninitiative Leipzig). In 2004 he again organized Monday demonstrations against the dismantling of the welfare state and the Hartz IV reforms."Monday demonstrations 2004" on Wikipedia GermanyEin Monat voller Montage 30 August 2004 (in German)Marching on Monday 20 August 2004 He also continued to hold regular Peace Prayers. On 30 March 2008 he held his final service in the Nikolai Church and retired.
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Lieutenant Colonel is an old friend of Roy Mustang. He works in the military's intelligence division but spends much of his time using the military phone lines to brag to Mustang about his family. After his daughter, Elicia, is born, he fawns about how cute and talented she is and bombards others with pictures of her when he sees them. Despite his over-the-top comical tendencies, Hughes is a valuable ally to Mustang's goal of becoming Führer, supplying whatever classified intelligence that may be beneficial.
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During World War II General Zhekov established a friendly relationship with Adolf Hitler and following the defeat of France in 1940 he was invited by the Führer to visit Paris as his guest. After the government changes in September 1944 General Zhekov, fearing political persecutions, decided to immigrate to Germany. On 1 February 1945 he was sentenced to death by the People's Court established by the communist government of the Fatherland Front. However, his whereabouts were unknown to the government and the sentence couldn't be carried out.
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Bloch, p. 148. In the same report, Ribbentrop advised Hitler to abandon the idea of a British alliance and instead embrace the idea of an alliance of Germany, Japan and Italy to destroy the British Empire.Michalka 1985, pp. 271–273. Ribbentrop wrote in his "Memorandum for the Führer" that "a change in the status quo in the East to Germany's advantage can only be accomplished by force" and that the best way to achieve it was to build a global anti-British alliance system.
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German Navy fast attack boats, also known as S-boats or E-boats, were organized into twenty four Schnellbootsflottille, collectively known as the Schnellbootseinheiten.Williamson, G. & Palmer, I., German E-boats 1939–45. Osprey Publishing (2002) These attack boats were operationally controlled by various commands of the German Navy and administratively had originally been under the command of the Leader of Torpedo-boats. In April 1942, the attack boats were separated to become their own type class and placed under the command of the Führer der Schnellboote.
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Kämpfe was born in Thüringen, Germany in 1909. He trained to be a typographer like his father but after Hitler took power in 1933 he became a Leutnant in the Heer before transferring to the Waffen-SS in 1939. On the Eastern Front in Russia, he commanded the 3rd Battalion, 4th SS- Panzergrenadier Der Führer Regiment, the Das Reich Division's reconnaissance group. Kämpfe received the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for bravery and exemplary leadership during the Zhitomir–Berdichev Offensive in the winter of 1943-44.
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The ships patrolled north of Memel, where Russian naval forces were known to operate. Thetis remained in Memel for the next month and supported a minelaying operation off the island of Dagö in the Gulf of Riga. One of the Gazelle-class cruisers, possibly Thetis, in Kiel in 1901 On 20 April, the German naval command created a new command element in the Baltic: the Führer der Aufklärungsstreitkräfte in der östlichen Ostsee (Leader of Reconnaissance Fores in the Eastern Baltic), with KAdm Albert Hopman its first commander.
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In 1929, the rank of SS-Führer was officially renamed as SS-Sturmführer. By 1930, the rank of SS-Staffelführer had all but disappeared from the SS. It reappeared the following year, in 1931, as a rank of the NSKK. In the early years of its existence, SS-Staffelführer had no particular insignia and holders of the rank simply wore paramilitary uniforms with a variety of Nazi insignia. By 1929, an SS-Staffelführer could be identified by a swastika armband with a white circular stripe.
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Other Armies of the 1st Ukrainian Front's southern flank attacked west linking up with the Americans. During the attack the Führerbegleitbrigade (the Führer escort brigade) was encircled within the Spremberg Pocket and destroyed. Its survivors who broke out surrendered to the Americans. The offensive would mark the "meeting at Torgau" when the 58th Guards Rifle Division of the 5th Guards Army, part of 1st Ukrainian Front, made contact with the US 69th Infantry Division of the First Army near Torgau, Germany on the Elbe River.
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Richard Bessel & E.J. Feuchtwanger, Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany, Croom Helm, 1981, , p. 151 After Adolf Hitler came to power Willikens was appointed as a State Secretary in the Agriculture Ministry.Donald Bloxham, Tony Kushner, Antony Robin Jeremy Kushner, The Holocaust: Critical Historical Approaches, Manchester University Press ND, 2005, p. 127 Ian Kershaw has argued that a speech made by Willikens in 1934, in particular his use of the phrase "working towards the Führer", was important in laying the framework for the Holocaust.
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Kershaw argued that the speech recognised the aloofness of Hitler's charismatic leadership and thus encouraged officials to second-guess Hitler's wishes and act accordingly. Kershaw suggests that Adolf Eichmann's rise from minor functionary to a leading role in the SS was built on this principle of "working towards the Führer".Ian Kershaw, Moshé Lewin, Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 104-6 Indeed, such was Kershaw's use of Willikens' phrase that his tribute book even bore it as a title.
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In the aftermath, Prützmann kills himself, Globocnik is lynched, and Buckliger is re-enstated as Führer (albeit harrowed by his detainment and eclipsed by the popular Stolle). At the end of the novel, elections deliver a pro-reform majority to the Reichstag, with Stolle as its speaker, and produces a mandate for the independence of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in a concurrent referendum. Also, the Gimpels and the Stutzmans gather to tell the ten-year-old Francesca that she is a Jew.
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A number of presidential offices have existed in Germany since the collapse of the German Empire in 1918. The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of Germany (). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934 the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum). In April–May 1945, Karl Dönitz briefly became President upon the suicide of Hitler (in accordance with last will and testament of Hitler).
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Art Intelligence: Kunsthalle. Page 1–11; see also Marlene Angermeyer-Deubner: Die Kunsthalle im Dritten Reich (The Kunsthalle in the Third Reich). in: Stilstreit und Führerprinzip (Dispute on style and principle of the Führer). Badischer Kunstverein Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 1987 (Art society of Baden), P. 139, 155. and Rosebrock: "Kurt Martin", P. 101 In 1935, Kurt Martin acquired the work Portrait of the Marchesa Veronica Spinola Doria by Peter Paul Rubens for 63.000 Reichsmark at the liquidation auction of the gallery van Diemen & Co. GmbH.
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The only ancient structures found by him were three earthen mounds to the south of the city: Maniparbat, Kuberparbat and Sugribparbat. Cunningham identified these mounds with the sites of the monasteries described in Xuanzang's writings. Like Cunningham, Führer also mentioned the legend of the Ramayana-era city being destroyed after death of Brihadbala, and its rebuilding by Vikramaditya. He wrote that the existing Hindu and Jain temples in the city were modern, although they occupied the sites of the ancient temples that had been destroyed by Muslims.
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He stated that many columns of the old temple had been utilized by the Muslims for the construction of Babri mosque: these pillars were of black stone, called kasauti by the natives. Führer also wrote that Aurangzeb had built now-ruined mosques at the sites of Svargadvaram and Treta-ke-Thakur temples. A fragmentary inscription of Jayachandra of Kannauj, dated to 1241 Samvat (1185 CE), and a record of a Vishnu temple's construction were recovered from Aurangazeb's Treta-ke-Thakur mosque, and kept in Faizabad museum.
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Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler presents Hitler with a gift A luxury edition of Hitler's political manifesto and autobiography Mein Kampf published in 1939 in honor of his 50th birthday was known as the Jubiläumsausgabe ("Anniversary Issue"). It came in both dark blue and sharp red boards with a gold sword on the cover. The German author and photographer Heinrich Hoffmann wrote a book about Hitler's 50th birthday, entitled Ein Volk ehrt seinen Führer ("A Nation Honors its Leader"). Composer wrote a hymn for the occasion.
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Captain S. Payne Best, The Venlo Incident, Hutchinson & Co., 1950, pp. 16–19. Best recalls a full body search was performed on him when they reached Düsseldorf en route to Berlin. At Düsseldorf, one of the men who had taken part in the kidnapping told Best the reason for the action was to catch some Germans plotting against the Führer, who were responsible for the attempt on his life the night earlier.Captain S. Payne Best, The Venlo Incident, Hutchinson & Co., 1950, pp. 20–22.
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The NSJWP campaigns against what it believes to be Jewish influence on both the world stage and in national affairs. The party advocates for the abolishment of the monarchy and the restoration of the shōgunate, as it believes that the Imperial House of Japan became subservient to international Jewry following World War II, and believes that the shogunate is the Japanese equivalent of the Führer principle. The NSJWP also campaigns against economic refugees, race mixing, and Freemasonry. The party also campaigns for what it calls "corporatistic autarky".
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Many prominent Nazis were also suspicious of Mitford and her relationship to their Führer. In his memoirs, Inside the Third Reich, Albert Speer said of Hitler's select group: "One tacit agreement prevailed: No one must mention politics. The sole exception was Lady [sic] Mitford, who even in the later years of international tension persistently spoke up for her country and often actually pleaded with Hitler to make a deal with Britain. In spite of Hitler's discouraging reserve, she did not abandon her efforts through all those years".
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On the same day German Führer Adolf Hitler and Italian Duce Benito Mussolini granted recognition to the Croatian state and declared that their governments would be glad to participate with the Croatian government in determining its frontiers."Graubard, Stephen R. (1993). Exit from Communism. p. 153. Transaction Publishers; "Mussolini and Hitler installed the Ustašas in power in Zagreb, making them the nucleus of a dependent regime of the newly created Independent State of Croatia, an Italo-German condominium predicated on the abolition of Yugoslavia.
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Lieutenant Colonel Eugene K. Bird (11 March 1926 – 28 October 2005) was US Commandant of the Spandau Allied Prison from 1964 to 1972 where, together with six others, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess was incarcerated. In March 1971, Bird’s superiors at the US Mission in Berlin became aware of Bird's cooperation with Hess in the writing of a book about Hess. He was put under house arrest and eventually made to resign his position as Commandant of Spandau Prison. This episode, in effect, also ended his military career.
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Scherzer 2007, p. 15. Adolf Hitler presenting Oak Leaves at a ceremony on 15 September 1943 Hitler frequently made the presentations of the Oak Leaves and higher grades himself. The first presentations in 1940 and 1941 were made in the Reich Chancellery in Berlin or at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden. Beginning with Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, the presentations were made at the Führer Headquarters "Wolf's Lair" in East Prussia, in the "Werwolf" near Vinnytsia in Ukraine, and at the Berghof.
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In a season two episode of Breaking Bad, 'Mandala,' Skyler White sings the song to her boss Ted Beneke for his birthday. In 2012, American musician Lana Del Rey reenacted the performance in the music video for her song "National Anthem", with herself as Monroe. In 2016, a trailer for the second season of the alternate history series The Man in the High Castle shows Monroe singing the song for Adolf Hitler, with the line "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" replaced with "Happy Birthday, Mein Führer".
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The owner of Furor's, a Bete Noire bar in which violence is prohibited. Dolf allows Lee to use Furors as a base of operations, and is indeed quite protective of her, christening her "The Fallen Angel." It is implied that Dolf may be Adolf Hitler; in addition to the name of his bar's similarity to Hitler's title of Führer, Dolf claims that he has been a painter, a writer, "dabbled" in politics, and made enemies. He also owns a World War II-era Walther P38 pistol.
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On 13 March, Himmler came to Koblenz to give the generals, including Rundstedt, an ideological lecture, in the course of which he made it clear that the atrocities against civilians which some of them had witnessed in Poland had been carried out on his orders, and with the approval of Hitler. "I do nothing that the Führer does not know," he said. The attack was finally launched on 10 May. By 14 May, Guderian and Hoth had crossed the Meuse and had broken open the Allied front.
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During his time at the Führer-Headquarters in Rastenburg, Hube argued strongly, but to no avail, for Hitler to allow the 6th Army to attempt a breakout. Instead, Hitler promised a new relief attack beginning in the middle of February. After the destruction of the 6th Army, Hube was sent to the Mediterranean front. He created Gruppe Hube in Sicily, a four-division force whose task was to defend the island. With the advent of Operation Husky on 10 July, Hube commanded the overall German defence.
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The Party Chancellery (), was the name of the head office for the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), designated as such on 12 May 1941. The office existed previously as the Staff of the Deputy Führer (Stab des Stellvertreters des Führers) but was renamed after Rudolf Hess flew to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate a peace agreement without Hitler's authorization. Hess was denounced by Hitler, his former office was dissolved, and the new Party Chancellery was formed in its place under Hess' former deputy, Martin Bormann.
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The end was satire, with Moe telling the Nazis to use their heads and shoot out their brains, to which Stanley Blystone replies, "But mein Führer, we're Nazis. We have no brains." When the Hitler-disguised Moe sneezes and his toothbrush moustache flies off his face, he gets it back and refers to it as "my personality". "Schicklgruber" is the surname Adolf Hitler's father, Alois Hitler carried for the first 40 years of his life, until he took the name Hitler (Hiedler) from his stepfather.
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Preparatory work on the possibility of turning the bay around Trondheim into a new German naval base was already started at the Führer Headquarters before the project was officially commissioned by Hitler in 1941. As a permanent German possession, it was acknowledged that some arrangements would have to be made for its resident seamen and their accompanying families. Hitler concluded that this new harbor would make the construction of an accompanying city inevitable, with living accommodations for 250,000 inhabitants. He dubbed the new settlement Nordstern ("Northern Star").
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On 2 August 1934, Hindenburg died. The previous day, the cabinet had enacted the "Law Concerning the Highest State Office of the Reich", which stated that upon Hindenburg's death the office of president would be abolished and its powers merged with those of the chancellor. Hitler thus became head of state as well as head of government and was formally named as Führer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Chancellor"), although eventually Reichskanzler was dropped. Germany was now a totalitarian state with Hitler at its head.
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Historians such as Kershaw emphasise the psychological impact of Hitler's skill as an orator. Roger Gill states: "His moving speeches captured the minds and hearts of a vast number of the German people: he virtually hypnotized his audiences". While top officials reported to Hitler and followed his policies, they had considerable autonomy. He expected officials to "work towards the Führer" – to take the initiative in promoting policies and actions in line with party goals and Hitler's wishes, without his involvement in day- to-day decision-making.
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Directly subjected to the Führer were the Reichsleiter ("Reich Leader(s)"—the singular and plural forms are identical in German), whose number was gradually increased to eighteen. They held power and influence comparable to the Reich Ministers' in Hitler's Cabinet. The eighteen Reichsleiter formed the "Reich Leadership of the Nazi Party" (Reichsleitung der NSDAP), which was established at the so-called Brown House in Munich. Unlike a Gauleiter, a Reichsleiter did not have individual geographic areas under their command, but were responsible for specific spheres of interest.
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One of the Nazis' most-repeated political slogans was Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer – "One People, One Empire, One Leader". Bendersky says the slogan "left an indelible mark on the minds of most Germans who lived through the Nazi years. It appeared on countless posters and in publications; it was heard constantly in radio broadcasts and speeches." The slogan emphasized the absolute control of the party over practically every sector of German society and culture – with the churches being the most notable exception.
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Project Riese In World War II, a vast tunnel system was driven into the mountains near the village of Wüstewaltersdorf (present-day Walim) at the behest of the Nazi German government. Presumably meant to serve as a Führer Headquarter replacing Wolf's Lair in East Prussia, the adits are linked to another tunnel complex beneath Książ Castle (Schloss Fürstenstein), about in the northwest, built according to plans by Hermann Giesler. Parts of the extended complex are accessible and can be visited as part of a guided tour.
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Ritter himself clearly outlined his purpose as a film maker in terms of Nazi ideology: "The path of German films will lead without any compromise to the conclusion that every movie must stay in the service of our community, of nation and our Führer."Cited in Giesen, p. 77. "My movies deal with the unimportance of the individual--all that is personal must be given up for our cause."Cited in John Altmann, "Movies' Role in Hitler's Conquest of German Youth", Hollywood Quarterly 3.4, Summer 1948, pp.
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The 12th Army was reconstituted on the Western Front near the Elbe River on April 10, 1945.World War II Data Book, J. Ellis, 1993 Aurum Press, P 94. Under General Walther Wenck, the 12th Army made the last attempt by a German Army to relieve German Führer Adolf Hitler in the besieged German capital during the Battle of Berlin. Although it successfully reached Potsdam, the 12th Army was stopped by numerically superior Soviet Red Army forces and forced to abandon the effort to relieve Berlin.
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The Weber company went bankrupt in 1931, and he was unemployed for several years. According to his own account, he spurned unemployment benefits from the government of the Weimar Republic, which he despised, so by 1934 he had used up all his savings and his wife Emma separated from him, though their divorce was not formalized until 1940. In July 1933, deputy NSDAP Führer Rudolf Hess had officially decreed that well paid employment was to be found for Alte Kämpfer on a preferential basis.
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Adolf Hitler made many hundreds of directives, orders and decrees while Führer of Nazi Germany, many of them related to military policy, and the treatment of civilians in occupied countries. Many of them are direct evidence of the commission of war crimes such as the notorious Commando Order. Other orders provide evidence of crimes against humanity, such as the Hitler order establishing forced euthanasia of disabled people in 1939 under Action T4, and the Nacht und Nebel order for eliminating civilian resisters in occupied countries.
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Peter Kien (1919–1944) The 64 watercolors and drawings from the Theresienstadt camp were rescued by chief librarian Hugo Friedmann who had been gathering them secretly with the knowledge of library director Emil Utitz. He passed these works to Starke- Goldschmidt in September 1944, just before his deportation through Auschwitz to Dachau.Käthe Starke: Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt., Berlin 1975, S.144 The collection includes only a small part of the drawings and watercolors produced by artists within Theresienstadt to document daily life.
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Grave in Friedhof Heerstraße, Berlin-Westend Drews became president of the Prussian Superior Administrative Court in 1921. In 1927 he published Preußisches Polizeirecht, a textbook on police administration. Under his presidency, the court generally upheld the principle of the Rule of Law after the takeover of German government by the Nazi party, though it also allowed a substantial extension of police rights. Until his death in 1938, Drews was the repeated target of attacks by Nazi lawyers promoting the introduction of the Führer principle into public administration.
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St. Nicholas Church in Leipzig has become a famous symbol of the reunification of Germany. Despite the policy of state atheism in East Germany, Christian pastor Christian Führer regularly met with his congregation at St. Nicholas Church for prayer since 1982. Over the next seven years, the Church grew, despite authorities barricading the streets leading to it, and after church services, peaceful candlelit marches took place. The secret police issued death threats and even attacked some of the marchers, but the crowd still continued to gather.
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On 21 August, the naval command dissolved both I and II U-boat Flotilla and reorganized the vessels of both units under Bauer's command, who was then given the title Führer der Unterseeboote (Leader of Submarines). Hamburg remained the flagship of the unit. Hamburg also operated with the High Seas Fleet during this period, generally in company with the light cruisers of IV Scouting Group. The first such operation was the bombardment of Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby conducted over the course of 15–16 December.
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Hitler was pleased with Posse's work - the curator became of one the few people whose artistic opinion Hitler respectedSpotts (2002), p.155 - and in 1940 awarded him the honorific of "Professor",Spotts (2002), p.193 something the Führer did for many of his favorites in the arts, such as Leni Riefenstahl, the actress and film director; architects Albert Speer and Hermann Giesler; sculptors Arno Breker and Josef Thorak; Wilhelm Furtwängler, conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic; actor Emil Jannings; and photographer Heinrich Hoffmann; among others.Spotts (2002), p.
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In addition to its agricultural theme, the festival was used by the Nazis to increase the contact of the Führer with the masses and to demonstrate the Reich's military prowess. From 1935, Wehrmacht staged mock battles at the festival with the participation of up to 10,000 soldiers, airplanes and panzers. In 1933, during his inaugural speech at the festival, Hitler announced the passage of a new law, the Reichserbhofgesetz, the State Hereditary Farm Law, which provided safeguards for the integrity of ownership of some family farms.
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Kurt von Plettenberg (1930) Kurt Freiherr von Plettenberg (31 January 1891 in Bückeburg – 10 March 1945 in Berlin) was a German forester, cavalry officer and a member of the German Resistance (Widerstand). He was involved in the preparations for the 20 July plot, an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of the Third Reich. Plettenberg belonged to the circle of close friends which included Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Johannes Popitz, Ludwig Beck, Ulrich von Hassell, Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg and Fabian von Schlabrendorff.
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In October 1939 he returned to the Waffen-SS as a company commander in the Deutschland and Der Führer Regiments in the SS-VT. He fought in the Battle of France and was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class in July 1940 and promoted to Hauptsturmführer (captain). Darges was then posted to the newly formed SS Division Wiking, took part in Operation Barbarossa and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class in August 1942. In March 1943 he became a personal adjutant to Adolf Hitler.
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Pavelić's position of Poglavnik was based on the similar positions of Duce held by Benito Mussolini and Führer held by Adolf Hitler. The Ustaše, like fascists, promoted a corporatist economy. Pavelić and the Ustaše were allowed sanctuary in Italy by Mussolini after being exiled from Yugoslavia. Pavelić had been in negotiations with Fascist Italy since 1927 that included advocating a territory-for-sovereignty swap in which he would tolerate Italy annexing its claimed territory in Dalmatia in exchange for Italy supporting the sovereignty of an independent Croatia.
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On 20 July 1944, an attempt was made to assassinate Adolf Hitler, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters in East Prussia. The plot was the culmination of the efforts of several groups in the German Resistance to overthrow the Nazi-led German government. The failure of both the assassination and the military coup d'état which was planned to follow it led to the arrest of at least 7,000 people by the Gestapo. According to records of the Führer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 4,980 of these were executed.
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The first Higher SS and Police Leaders were appointed in 1937Yerger, p. 22. from the existing SS-Oberabschnitt Führer (leaders of the main districts). The purpose of the Higher SS and Police Leader was to be a direct command authority for every SS and police unit in a given geographical region with such authority answering only to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Hitler. They were to act as the highest liaison under Himmler and "unifier" for command of the SS and police in a region.
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The Dying Galatian, Capitoline Museums, Rome The statue of the Dying Galatian provides some insight into the Hellenistic perception of and attitude towards "Barbarians". Attalus I of Pergamon (ruled 241-197 BC) commissioned (220s BC) a statue to celebrate his victory (ca 232 BC) over the Celtic Galatians in Anatolia (the bronze original is lost, but a Roman marble copy was found in the 17th century).Wolfgang Helbig, Führer durch die öffenlicher Sammlungen Klassischer altertümer in Rom (Tubingen 1963–71) vol. II, pp 240–42.
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Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. German musicologist Guido Fackler described the Swingjugend embrace of American music and the "English style" in clothing as reflecting the fact that: > The Swingjugend rejected the Nazi state, above all because of its ideology > and uniformity, its militarism, the 'Führer principle' and the leveling > Volksgemeinschaft (people's community). They experienced a massive > restriction of their personal freedom. They rebelled against all this with > jazz and swing, which stood for a love of life, self-determination, non- > conformism, freedom, independence, liberalism, and internationalism.
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In response to the Reichstag Fire allegedly committed by a communist arsonist, he approved the Reichstag Fire Decree in February 1933 which suspended various civil liberties. Later in March, he signed the Enabling Act of 1933 which gave Hitler's regime emergency powers. After Hindenburg died the following year, Hitler combined the Presidency with his office as Chancellor before proceeding to declare himself Führer und Reichskanzler des deutschen Volkes (i.e. "Leader and Reich Chancellor of the German People") and transform Germany into a totalitarian state.
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Ritterbusch participated as a company commander in World War I. In 1923 he joined the NSDAP (Member No. 6,316). During the Kampfzeit ("the time of struggle") before 1933, he allegedly worked as a Gauleiter ("Party Leader") for a while.Longerich: Parteikanzlei, S. 180. In 1937 he became the Kreisleiter ("County Leader") of the NSDAP in Torgau, Gau Halle-Merseburg. Ritterbusch giving a speech In the fall of 1939 Ritterbusch was considered by the staff of the Parteikanzlei ("Deputy Führer") for the position of Stellvertreter-Gauleiter ("Deputy Gau Leader").
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During the Crisis on Earth-X crossover event, set on Earth-53, one of the main antagonists is revealed to be that Earth's Oliver Queen. Known as , the character is Adolf Hitler's successor as Führer, in a world where the Nazis won World War II, and have achieved world domination. He is married to Overgirl (Melissa Benoist), the Earth-X version of Kara Zor-El. Another archer from Earth-X named Black Arrow, voiced by Matthew Mercer, appears in the animated web series Freedom Fighters: The Ray.
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At this point, the UFA staff hierarchy was reorganized according to the Nazi Führer principle. The coordination of individual sub-groups of the UFI Corporation was the job of the newly appointed Reich Film Director- General. The production heads worked for the administrative director general and were responsible for the overall planning of annual programming and content design all the way up to the actual shooting of the film: these heads were also responsible for giving instructions to the film line producers and directors. It was subsequently fully nationalized in mid-1944.
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Despite Lieutenant-Colonel Niemeyer's frank and pessimistic area briefings, Schmidt severely underestimated the build-up and capabilities of Soviet forces at Stalingrad following the initial Axis successes, a failing that he – unlike Paulus – subsequently did not attempt to excuse.Beevor (1999), pp. 227–8 Ignoring Hitler's 'Führer instruction' of 30 June 1942 that Axis formations should not liaise with their neighbours, Schmidt authorised an officer from Sixth Army, Lieutenant Gerhard Stöck, to be issued with a radio and join up with Romanian forces to the north-west of Stalingrad to help with intelligence gathering.Beevor (1999), p.
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The Alpine Club Guides (, commonly shortened to AV Führer or AVF) are the standard series of Alpine guides that cover all the important mountain groups in the Eastern Alps. They are produced jointly by the German (DAV), Austrian (ÖAV) and South Tyrol Alpine Clubs (AVS). They have been published since 1950 by the firm of Bergverlag Rother in Munich, Germany. The AV guides contain all the routes – hiking trails, mountain hut approaches and summit climbs as well as ice and high mountain routes and klettersteigs in each mountain range.
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Others have claimed that the inscription was planted at the Babri mosque site by Hindu activists. According to one theory, the inscription is actually the Treta Ka Thakur inscription, which was found at another mosque in Ayodhya by Alois Anton Führer in the 19th century and later transferred to the Lucknow State Museum. The theory posits that it was brought to Ayodhya from Lucknow museum, and planted at the Babri mosque site. Yet another theory claims that it is a 17th-century inscription that was later planted at the site.
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Monument to the Malgré-nous in Obernai, Alsace After the defeat of France in the spring of 1940, Alsace and Moselle were not formally annexed by Nazi Germany. Although the terms of the armistice specified that the integrity of the whole French territory could not be modified in any way, Adolf Hitler, the German Führer, drafted an annexation law in 1940 that he kept secret, expecting to announce it in the event of a German victory.Eberhard Jäckel, La France dans l'Europe de Hitler, op. cit., p. 123-124.
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Fritz Knobel (the film's alter-ego of real-life forger Konrad Kujau) supports himself by faking and selling Nazi memorabilia. He sells a portrait of Eva Braun and one volume of Hitler's alleged diaries to factory owner Karl Lenz. Lenz presents this to his guests during a "birthday party for the Führer", among whom is sleazy journalist Hermann Willié. Willié works for the magazine "HH press", which links to Hamburg (as a licence plate abbreviation), where the Stern magazine is located and also to the common abbreviation for "Heil Hitler" among neo-Nazis.
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By April 1945, he was a member of the Leibstandarte (LSSAH) Guard Battalion and Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK), which was assigned to guard Hitler in Berlin. Lindloff was present in the Führerbunker on the afternoon of 30 April 1945, when Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide. Afterwards, Lindloff, Hans Reisser, Peter Högl and Heinz Linge carried Hitler's blanket-wrapped corpse up the stairs to ground level and through the bunker's emergency exit to the bombed-out garden behind the Reich Chancellery. The lifeless bodies of Hitler and Braun were doused with petrol.
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The solution was to charge Grynszpan with high treason, for which he could be tried and executed. Persuading everyone concerned of its legality took some time, and he was not indicted until October 1941. The indictment stated that Grynszpan's objective in shooting Rath was to "prevent through force of threats the Führer and Reichschancellor from the conduct of their constitutional functions" at the behest of international Jewry. In November, Goebbels saw Hitler and obtained his approval for a show trial which would put "World Jewry in the dock".
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Gauleiter - Die bayrischen Gauleiter nach 1942 (in German) Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed: 25 June 2008 He met Hitler for the last time on 25 February 1945 in Berlin. Wahl was well aware then that the war was lost. The latter issued on this occasion in front of a large number of Gauleiter the statement that "the German people did not have the inner strength they were perceived to have" and therefore were losing the war. Wahl attributed this harsh statement to the stress the Führer was in and perceived him to be mortally ill.
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The Great Dictator influenced numerous directors, such as Stanley Kubrick, Mel Brooks, Wes Anderson, and Chuck Jones and inspired such films as The Dictator, The Interview, and Jojo Rabbit. The graphic novel Nemo: The Roses of Berlin, set in the universe of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen depicts Hynkel's regime in a more serious way, and also mentions an American comedian named "Addie Hitler" who mocks it. Sean McArdle and Jon Judy's Eisner Award-nominated comic book, The Führer and the Tramp, is set during the production of The Great Dictator.
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Barth was sentenced to life imprisonment by the First Senate of the City Court of Berlin. He was released from prison in the reunified Germany in 1997 and died in August 2007. On 8 January 2014, Werner Christukat, an 88-year-old former member of the 3rd Company of the 1st Battalion of the "Der Führer" SS regiment was charged, by the state court in Cologne, with 25 charges of murder and hundreds of counts of accessory to murder in connection with the massacre in Oradour-sur-Glane.
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"Fuhrer's attempt to associate the names of eighteen Sakyas, including Mahanaman, with the structures, on the false claim of writings in pre-Asokan characters, was fortunately foiled in time by V.A. Smith, who paid a surprise visit when the excavation was in progress. The forgery was exposed to the public." in . Soon after, Alois Anton Führer was exposed as "a forger and dealer in fake antiquities", and had to resign from his position in 1898. Führer's early archaeological successes had apparently encouraged him to inflate his later discoveries to the point of creating forgeries.
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Culture Wars: the Media and the British Left, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Preess, 2005, p.45 During the miners' strike of 1984–85, The Sun supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it.
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An example of German beach defences On 23 March 1942, Führer Directive Number 40 called for the official creation of the Atlantic Wall - a line of concrete gun emplacements, machine-gun nests, minefields and beach obstacles stretching along the French coast. Fortifications were initially concentrated around ports, but were extended into other areas beginning in late 1943.Kaufmann & Kaufmann, pp. 196–197 While the German Army had seen its strength and morale heavily depleted by campaigns in Russia, North Africa and Italy, it remained a powerful fighting force.
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Führer Directive No. 30 dealt with German intervention in support of Arab nationalists in the Kingdom of Iraq. During the 1930s, representatives of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy attempted to gain favor with various Iraqi nationalists and promised support against the British. On 1 April 1941, Rashid Ali and members of the pro-Axis "Golden Square" staged a coup d'etat against the pro-British government of Regent Amir Abdul Illah. On 2 May, after tensions mounted on both sides, the British launched pre-emptive air strikes against Iraqi forces and the Anglo-Iraqi War began.
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Shortly afterwards Hitler announced on 4 February 1938 that he was taking personal command over Germany's military with the new High Command of the Armed Forces with the Führer as its head. The opposition to the Nazi regime's aggressive foreign policy in the military became so strong from 1936 to 1938, that considerations of overthrowing the Nazi regime were discussed within the upper echelons of the military and remaining non-Nazi members of the German government.Michael C. Thomsett. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, The Underground, And Assassination Plots, 1938–1945.
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The Hungarian 3rd Army also participated in the invasion, with support available from over 500 aircraft. The goods station at Mönichkirchen was Hitler's headquarters, Frühlingssturm, during the invasion. During the April War, the Führer Headquarters (FHQ) was codenamed Frühlingssturm (Spring Storm) and consisted of the Führersonderzug (Special Führer's Train) codenamed "Amerika" stationed in Mönichkirchen alongside the special train "Atlas" of the Armed Forces Operations Staff (Wehrmachtführungsstabes, WFSt). "Atlas" did not arrive at Mönichkirchen until 11 April, well after operations were underway, and "Amerika" only arrived the following day.
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1, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, Kampf was also an active member of several other artists' associations. Together with , he operated a "Damenakademie" (school for women) and conducted classes in a building across the street from the Kunstakademie.Malschulen: "Eugen Kampf & Schneider-Didam", in Führer durch Düsseldorf am Rhein und seine Umgebung, Verkehrs-Verein Düsseldorf, 1898 In 1908, he became a Professor at the Kunstakademie. From 1880 on, he hosted exhibitions at the Glaspalast in Munich, as well as in Dresden and Leipzig, and received a gold medal at the of 1906.
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German industry could build two medium bombers for one heavy bomber and the RLM would not gamble on developing a heavy bomber which would also take time. Göring remarked, "the Führer will not ask how big the bombers there are, but only how many there are." The premature death of Wever, one of the Luftwaffes finest officers, left the Luftwaffe without a strategic air force during World War II, which eventually proved fatal to the German war effort. The lack of strategic capability should have been apparent much earlier.
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From 1924 onwards, Stark supported Hitler. During the Nazi regime, Stark attempted to become the Führer of German physics through the Deutsche Physik ("German physics") movement (along with fellow Nobel laureate Philipp Lenard) against the "Jewish physics" of Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg (who was not Jewish). After Werner Heisenberg defended Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, Stark wrote an angry article in the SS newspaper Das Schwarze Korps, calling Heisenberg a "White Jew". On August 21, 1934, Stark wrote to physicist and fellow Nobel laureate Max von Laue to toe the party line or else.
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On the site of the present-day observation tower a telegraph station was erected during the French Revolution in 1794,Heinz R. Wittner: Großer Pfalz-Führer, Ostfildern 1994, one of a chain of such stations from Paris via Metz to Landau. The station was abandoned following the transfer of Electoral Palatinate to Bavaria in May 1816. From August to September 1879 an observation tower, just under 9 metres high, was erected at the summit by the conservation societies of Annweiler and Landau. It was built as a cone-shaped pyramid using dry mortarless construction.
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Himmler found the NSDAP appealing because its political positions agreed with his own views. Initially, he was not swept up by Hitler's charisma or the cult of Führer worship. However, as he learned more about Hitler through his reading, he began to regard him as a useful face of the party, and he later admired and even worshipped him. To consolidate and advance his own position in the NSDAP, Himmler took advantage of the disarray in the party following Hitler's arrest in the wake of the Beer Hall Putsch.
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In 1980 Führer helped to organize "peace prayers" () as part of a joint protest action of Protestant youth organisations. Starting on 20 September 1982, the peace prayers were held every Monday in the Nikolai Church in Leipzig focusing against the Cold War. In 1987 he organized a pilgrimage in the context of the Olof Palme Peace March.Peace Magazine, Dec 1987 – Jan 1988, page 20, "Olof Palme Peace March" In 1988 he moderated prayers for the arrested protesters of the Liebknecht-Luxemburg-Demonstrations (regular demonstrations in memory of the murdered socialists Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg).
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Later, Gerron moved to Paris and Amsterdam in order to continue his entertainment career. He was captured by the Nazis in 1943 and sent with other Jews to the Theresienstadt concentration camp located near Prague. In 1944, the Nazis promoted this as a model settlement where the Jews were being well-treated and allowed a visit from the International Red Cross, to placate the Danish government. That year the Nazis recruited Gerron to write and direct a 23-minute propaganda film, The Führer Gives a City to the Jews.
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While nominally under Himmler's control, Gildisch and other close comrades of the Führer took their orders direct from Hitler, much to Himmler's frustration. Gildisch had a heavy drinking problem, which within months of his assuming command of the SS–Begleitkommando from Willy Herzberger, got the better of him. On 15 June 1934, Himmler had Gildisch removed from his post because of his heavy drinking habits, and replaced by Bruno Gesche as the commander of the SS-Begleitkommando. Hitler did not interfere, but this was not the end of Gildisch's problems.
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Gustav Simon was appointed Chef der Zivilverwaltung (CdZ; "Chief of the Civil Administration") by the Oberkommando des Heeres on 21 July 1940. Luxembourg was then included into the CdZ-Gebiet Luxemburg on 29 July. While initially subordinate to the military commands in Belgium and northern France, Simon was confirmed in his appointment on 2 August by Adolf Hitler himself, indicating that he reported directly to the Führer and no one else. This granted him a wide degree of autonomy with regards to the military and civil authorities of Nazi Germany.
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The Großdeutsche Reichstag convened for the last time in the Kroll Opera House on 26 April 1942. It unanimously passed a decree proclaiming Hitler "Supreme Judge of the German People," officially allowing him to override the judiciary and administration in all matters. Any last remnants of the privileges of the Reichstag's members were removed and the Führer became de jure the final decision-maker, with the power of life and death over every German citizen. In practice, this merely legitimized a situation that had been in place since 1933.
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In reality this power was limited by coalition government and the president. When the Nazis came to power on 30 January 1933, the Weimar Constitution was de facto set aside. After the death of President Hindenburg in 1934, Adolf Hitler, the dictatorial party leader and chancellor, took over the powers of the president. The new official title became Führer und Reichskanzler (meaning "Leader and Reich Chancellor"). The 1949 constitution gave the chancellor much greater powers than during the Weimar Republic, while strongly diminishing the role of the president.
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As part of this plan, in November 1940, Leopold visited Adolf Hitler, the Führer of Germany, in Berchtesgaden to ask for Belgian prisoners of war to be freed. No agreement was reached, and Leopold returned to Belgium. This fueled the belief that Leopold, who had expressed anti-Semitic views before the war, was collaborating with the Nazis rather than defending his country's interests. Modern view of the Royal Palace of Laeken, where Leopold was imprisoned during the occupation For the rest of the war, Leopold was held under house-arrest in the Palace of Laeken.
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The commander of submarines held the most authority and independence of any type commander and possessed direct operational and deployment ability. This was in contrast to other vessel class commanders which were administratively assigned with deployment and tactical operations usually under a Navy group commander. Karl Dönitz was the first and longest serving commander of submarines, a title which he inaugurated in January 1936 as the Führer der Unterseeboote. In the early days of Dönitz's tenure, his submarine force consisted of a single flotilla which he also commanded.
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Megrew described the size of the expedition: "Our pack-train was increased here to twenty-seven horses, five packers and five travelers, and with this outfit we proceeded directly to the Freshfield group, which we reached on July 4th."Megrew, Alden F. "First Ascents and Explorations from the Mons and Freshfield Icefields," American Alpine Journal (1931). and climbed Mt. Thompson (3,089 m / 10,135 ft). Then from July 5 to 15, 1930, Kaufmann and Cromwell made seven first-ascents:Kaufmann. Führer-Buch, pp. 72-77. July 5: Unnamed Peak (3177 m / 10,423 ft).
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Also Nemmersdorf (located on the banks of the Angrapa River) was taken by units of the 2nd Guards Tank Corps on the 21 October, but already retaken by German forces on the 23 October. Units of 11th Guards Army found themselves cut off in the area of Großwaltersdorf, and were involved in intense fighting. In the meantime, the Germans had pressed more reserves, including the 102nd Panzer and Führer Grenadier Brigades into counter-attacks at Goldap, on the southern sector of the Soviet penetration. The town was retaken on 25 October.
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While some elements of the PCR were receptive to Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, Ceaușescu himself wanted nothing to do with glasnost or perestroika. As a result, the PCR remained an obstinate bastion of hardline Communism. Gorbachev's distaste for Ceaușescu was well known; he even went as far as to call Ceaușescu "the Romanian führer."In Gorbachev's mind, Ceaușescu was part of a"Gang of Four"inflexibly hardline leaders unwilling to make the reforms he felt necessary to save Communism, along with Czechoslovakia's Gustáv Husák, Bulgaria's Todor Zhivkov and East Germany's Erich Honecker.
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The purpose was to be in the presence of Hitler and to personally witness National-Socialism in practice. At this time, Germany was preparing to host the 1936 Olympics. Kuhn anticipated a warm welcome from Adolf Hitler, but the encounter was a disappointment. This did not stop Kuhn from elaborating more propaganda to his followers once he returned to the United States about how Hitler acknowledged him as the "American Führer".Nazi America: A Secret History (2000), History Channel (92 min) As his profile grew, so did the tension against him.
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The Reichsgau Upper Danube (German: Reichsgau Oberdonau) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany, created after the Anschluss (annexation of Austria) in 1938 and dissolved in 1945. It consisted of what is today Upper Austria, parts of Southern Bohemia, and a small part of the Salzkammergut which was annexed from Styria. The Gau had the honorary title of "Home Gau of the Führer" (),Kriechbaumer, R. 1998, Geschichte der österreichischen Bundesländer seit 1945, p. 117 since Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn and spent much of his early life in Linz.
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The rest of the fleet, including Oldenburg, would trail behind and provide cover. On the approach to the English coast, Scheer turned north and aborted the bombardment after receiving a false report from a zeppelin about a British unit in the area. By 14:35, Scheer had been warned of the Grand Fleet's approach and so turned his forces around and retreated to German ports. On 25–26 September, Oldenburg and the rest of I Squadron covered an advance conducted by the II Führer der Torpedoboote (Leader of Torpedo Boats) to the Terschelling Bank.
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Both names referred to the peak's characteristic cauldron-like cirque. The name that became common in travel books and other literature in the 19th century, however, is its current name, linking the mountain to the village of Gerlachov at its foot.For instance: Alexander F. Heksch, Führer durch die Karpathen und oberungarischen Badeorte. 1881. It echoed the oldest known undifferentiated reference to the peaks on or near Gerlachov's municipal lands, Gerlachfalvenses montes (Latin with Hungarian elements for the "Gerlachov Village Mountains"), in a drawing of the High Tatras from 1717.
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The teachers at the schools, according to reports from the pupils, seem all to have been quite in line with the Party and spurred their pupils into gathering relief supplies. There were, however, scattered reports here of voices critical of the régime. A staffer at the Führer-Schule, for instance, cancelled the subscription to the propaganda newspaper Der Stürmer out of hand, although she had to face consequences for this. When the mayor ordered the community's evacuation shortly before the war ended, the populace simply laughed at him.
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A group of German minesweepers moored together Minesweeper flotillas of the Kriegsmarine were administrative units which grouped German minesweepers together. There were three types of minesweeper flotillas: standard minesweepers, auxiliary minesweepers, and "mine barrage" vessels. Flotilla commanders operated from a shore office, and were usually commanded by an officer ranked as a Korvettenkapitän. All minesweeper flotillas were under the command of the Führer der Minensuchboote (Leader of Minesweepers) which, by 1940, had been divided into three separate offices for activities in the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and off the coast of France.
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The RSD should not be confused with the Sicherheitsdienst or SD. The RSD was technically on the staff of Himmler with the members wearing the uniform of the SS with the SD diamond on their lower left sleeve. On the outbreak of World War II, the RSD had 200 men in its ranks. Rattenhuber's unit provided personal security to members of the Nazi Party leadership and for top members of the Nazi government. As for the SS-Begleitkommando, it was expanded and became known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK).
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In 2007, he directed the comedy- drama Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler, about a Jewish actor hired to enliven Adolf Hitler's speeches during the final days of World War II, starring German comedian Helge Schneider. It was entered into the 29th Moscow International Film Festival. Levy said he was influenced by the theory of Swiss-based psychologist Alice Miller, published in 1980, that something must have gone wrong with Hitler in his childhood. His 1995 film Stille Nacht won an Honourable Mention at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.
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The first criticism of Filbinger's war time record dates back to 10 April 1972. Two weeks before the Baden-Württemberg state elections, the Der Spiegel magazine published one of Filbinger's verdicts. On 29 May 1945, Filbinger presided at the trial against artillery man Petzold and sentenced him to six months imprisonment for incitement of discontent, refusal of obedience and resistance. In an editorial, the Spiegel also claimed that, based on Petzold's memories, Filbinger had referred to Hitler as "our beloved Führer ... who has brought the fatherland back up".
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People started to talk about final development of the Wunderwaffe, especially that not many managed to flee from the battlefields to tell what they have seen - their reports were unclear and not explaining anything. Nevertheless, the world was unable to stop the Führer and his Reich. In the year 2093, 148 years after the end of the war, the overwhelming Reich rules the Earth under totalitarianism, but Armageddon is nearing. The victory of German troops brought not only terror of Nazi dictatorship but also mysterious weather changes, which are seemingly leading the world towards destruction.
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At 03:55 local time on 10 May 1940, the German Army Group B invaded the Netherlands. The 207th Infantry Division—commanded by Karl von Tiedemann—and part of the 18th Army had been tasked with overrunning the Grebbeberg within a day. Resistance at the IJssel Line near Westervoort was fiercer than anticipated and it was dusk by the time the Germans had occupied Wageningen, the city directly to the east of the Grebbeberg. The 207th Infantry Division—reinforced with the SS-brigade Der Führer—made preparations to assault the hill next morning.
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The German Führer Adolf Hitler ultimately rejected this and went with a more conventional, double-envelopment attack on Kursk. The Battle of St. Vith, one of the many battles fought during the Battle of the Bulge, was notable for its use of armor in a mobile defense. General Bruce Clarke organized his Combat command to prevent the German attackers from advancing more than a kilometer a day. This delaying action was decisive in preventing German forces quickly advancing through the area and was one of the reasons why the German offensive failed.
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Though his fate has not been established, it is widely assumed that he perished in the camps. Asked about her husband's antisemitism, she answered: "The Führer wants it thus, and Joseph must obey." Felix Franks, a German Jew who later became a British soldier, claimed that his grandparents got an exit visa from Germany with the help of Magda Goebbels: Afflicted with a weak heart and "delicate health", Magda would have extended periods of illness. Towards the end of the war, she is known to have also suffered from severe depression and trigeminal neuralgia.
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The Christmas tree was also changed. The traditional names of the tree, Christbaum or Weihnachtsbaum, was renamed in the press as a fir tree, light tree or Jul tree. The star on the top of the tree was sometimes replaced with a swastika, a Germanic sun wheel or a sig rune, and swastika-shaped tree lights. During the height of the movement, an attempt was made to remove the association of the coming of Jesus and replace it with the coming of Hitler, referred to as the "Saviour Führer".
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Biographers explain Unity's difficult upbringing as the younger sister of prettier, more clever, more successful sisters and her adoption of fascism as a way to rebel and make herself distinct. In 1932, Unity's elder sister Diana begins an affair with British fascist leader Oswald Mosley. Against her father's wishes, Unity meets with Mosley and, according to Oswald's son, becomes a member of the party. The following year, Diana and Unity go to the Nuremberg rally as part of the British delegation, where Unity becomes obsessed with the Führer.
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Hitler was, by default as Führer, the supreme commander of every Nazi paramilitary organization, but he never adopted extra ranks in these organizations nor did he have special uniforms to denote his position. Hitler also technically qualified for every Nazi political decoration, but in practice only wore his World War I Iron Cross, the Golden Nazi Party Pin, and the Wound Badge in Black. During Nazi rallies at Nuremberg in the early 1930s, Hitler temporarily wore the 1929 Nuremberg Party Day Badge, but discontinued this after about 1935.
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The first inkling to the outside world that Hitler was dead came from the Germans themselves. On 1 May, the Reichssender Hamburg radio station interrupted their normal program to announce that Hitler had died that afternoon, and introduced his successor, President Karl Dönitz. Dönitz called upon the German people to mourn their Führer, who he stated had died a hero defending the capital of the Reich. Hoping to save the army and the nation by negotiating a partial surrender to the British and Americans, Dönitz authorised a fighting withdrawal to the west.
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"Führer in the frame, review by Mark Kermode, The Observer, 22 June 2003 Roger Ebert for the Chicago Sun-Times remarked that, "To ponder Hitler's early years with the knowledge of his later ones is to understand how life can play cosmic tricks with tragic results."Max, review by Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times, 24 January 2003. Alternatively, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone described a remark made by the character Rothman – "You're an awfully hard man to like, Hitler" – saying, "Few serious films could survive a line like that. Max certainly doesn't.
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The location was changed to a briefing building (Lagebaracke) on the day of the strategy meeting due to the reconstruction of the Führer Bunker in mid-1944. Stauffenberg's assassination attempt was unsuccessful because of this change in venue, along with several other factors, such as Hitler unexpectedly calling the meeting earlier than anticipated. The bomb exploded at 12:43 pm; the interior of the building was devastated, but Hitler was only slightly injured. Four people died from their wounds, either a few days later or in the months ahead.
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Bedaux purchased the sixteenth-century Château de Candé, in France, and lived there with his American second wife, the former Fern Lombard (1892–1972), a daughter of lawyer James Lombard of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The couple purchased the château in 1927 and renovated it, completing work in 1930. On 3 June 1937, Charles and Fern Bedaux hosted the wedding of Wallis Warfield and Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor at the château. Bedaux later arranged the couple's visit to the Third Reich, where they publicly met the Führer, Adolf Hitler.
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On 6 November, the Partisans surrounded Cetinje, which was defended by the Germans, remaining Italian fascist Blackshirts, and about 600 Chetniks. On 8 November, the Germans and Chetniks in Cetinje were reinforced with a formation of 800–1,000 Chetniks led by Đurišić, which eventually succeeded in breaking through the Partisan blockade. On 11 October 1944, at the suggestion of von Weichs, Wilhelm Keiper, the German Plenipotentiary General in Montenegro, awarded Đurišić the Iron Cross (2nd Class) in the name of the Führer and the German High Command for fighting against the Partisans.
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Map showing the Axis encirclement of Leningrad Finnish intelligence had broken some of the Soviet military codes and read their low-level communications. This was particularly helpful for Hitler, who constantly requested intelligence information about Leningrad. Finland's role in Operation Barbarossa was laid out in Hitler's Directive 21, "The mass of the Finnish army will have the task, in accordance with the advance made by the northern wing of the German armies, of tying up maximum Russian (sic – Soviet) strength by attacking to the west, or on both sides, of Lake Ladoga".Führer Directive 21.
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After June 1941 as World War II progressed, Hitler became preoccupied with military matters and spent most of his time at his military headquarters on the eastern front. This led Hitler to rely more and more on Bormann to handle the domestic policies of the country. On 12 April 1943, Hitler officially appointed Bormann as Personal Secretary to the Führer. By this time Bormann had de facto control over all domestic matters, and this new appointment gave him the power to act in an official capacity in any matter.
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Rank in the party was not determined by elections; positions were filled through appointment by those of higher rank. The Nazi Party used propaganda to develop a cult of personality around Hitler. Top officials reported to Hitler and followed his policies, but they had considerable autonomy. Officials were expected to "work towards the Führer" – to take the initiative in promoting policies and actions in line with his wishes and the goals of the Nazi Party, without Hitler having to be involved in the day-to-day running of the country.
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Widmann received from the individual killing institutes their CO demand. He then ordered the CO gas bottles from the Baden Aniline and Soda WorksThe German Wikipedia article states that this was the I.G. Farben works in Ludwigshafen in Ludwigshafen orders, giving KTI as the purchaser. Widmann then sent the order and supply confirmations to Becker, who was working at the Führer Chancellery arranging for their delivery to the individual institutes. Judgment of 15 September 1967 Ks 19/62, quoted from Ernst Klee: „Euthanasie“ im NS-Staat, page 85.
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The book consists of two main sections: factual descriptions of the construction of Viking ships, and the adventurously portrayed retelling of excerpts from the Vinland sagas. Römer indicates several typical examples of political exploitation and contrivance. Erik the Red and his sons are described as having exemplary attributes (Römer). It is conspicuous that in one single section Busch repeatedly uses the word "Führer" for Erik the Red,a word which is not normally used in maritime language, or if so only in the context of the word "Schiffsführer" (ship's master).Römer 2010, P. 140.
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Tyndall received a six-month prison sentence, while Jordan received nine months. Tyndall was one of the British neo-Nazis who established links with their American counterpart George Lincoln Rockwell (pictured). Although the British authorities had prohibited the American neo-Nazi George Lincoln Rockwell from entering the UK, the NSM managed to smuggle him in via Ireland to attend a summer camp in August 1962. There, the NSM took part in the formation of the World Union of National Socialists (WUNS), at which Jordan was elected 'world führer' and Rockwell as his heir.
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When the Germans invaded Norway 9 April 1940, Sundlo held the rank of colonel and was commander-in-chief for Narvik area. When the Norwegian fascist leader Vidkun Quisling visited Adolf Hitler in Berlin in the autumn of 1939, he had shown the German Führer a letter sent to him by Sundlo, and described the latter as pro-German. This gave the Germans the impression that Sundlo would not oppose a German landing at Narvik. It is not known whether or not Sundlo was aware that Quisling had passed on his letter to the Germans.
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Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 12 June 1941. The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland).Also present at the award ceremony were the U-boat commanders Kapitänleutnant Engelbert Endraß and Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe who were also awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle, also in France.
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Chancellor and Führer (leader) Adolf Hitler declared a national boycott of Jewish businesses on 1 April 1933, and the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed on 7 April, excluded non-Aryans from the legal profession and civil service. Books considered un-German, including those by Jewish authors, were destroyed in a nationwide book burning on 10 May. Jewish citizens were harassed and subjected to violent attacks. They were actively suppressed, stripped of their citizenship and civil rights, and eventually completely removed from German society.
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He served nearly a year in prison as an accomplice to his friend Rudolf Höss (later commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp) in the murder of Walther Kadow. Bormann joined the Nazi Party in 1927 and the Schutzstaffel (SS) in 1937. He initially worked in the party's insurance service, and transferred in July 1933 to the office of Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess, where he served as chief of staff. Bormann used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself as much as possible in the decision making.
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After the Machtergreifung (Nazi Party seizure of power) in January 1933, the relief fund was repurposed to provide general accident and property insurance, so Bormann resigned from its administration. He applied for a transfer and was accepted as chief of staff in the office of Rudolf Hess, the Deputy Führer, on 1 July 1933. Bormann also served as personal secretary to Hess from July 1933 until 12 May 1941. Hess' department was responsible for settling disputes within the party and acted as an intermediary between the party and the state regarding policy decisions and legislation.
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Speer later said Hitler described Hess' departure as one of the worst blows of his life, as he considered it a personal betrayal. Hitler ordered Hess to be shot should he return to Germany and abolished the post of Deputy Führer on 12 May 1941, assigning Hess' former duties to Bormann, with the title of Head of the Parteikanzlei (Party Chancellery). In this position he was responsible for all Nazi Party appointments, and was answerable only to Hitler. Associates began to refer to him as the "Brown Eminence", although never to his face.
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Preoccupied with military matters and spending most of his time at his military headquarters on the eastern front, Hitler came to rely more and more on Bormann to handle the domestic policies of the country. On 12 April 1943, Hitler officially appointed Bormann as Personal Secretary to the Führer. By this time Bormann had de facto control over all domestic matters, and this new appointment gave him the power to act in an official capacity in any matter. Bormann (behind and to Hitler's right) on the Old Bridge, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Koop & Schmolke, p. 110 The German ships departed Brest on 11 February, surprising the British, with Z29 leading the formation as the flagship of the Führer der Zerstörer (Commander of the Destroyer Force), Kapitän zur See (Captain) Erich Bey, who commanded the escorts. British attacks on the German ships were generally ineffective until the battleship struck a mine off the mouth of the Scheldt Estuary at 15:30. Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) Otto Ciliax, overall commander of the German force, summoned Z29 to take him aboard from the immobilized battleship.
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Hitler's naturalization was supposed to be dealt with quickly and above all, inconspicuously, without the public getting any knowledge of it. However, with Klagges's clumsy way of doing things, the whole business grew into a farce for the later "Führer", since the first attempt failed miserably, and publicly. Only on the second try was the coup successful. Hitler never forgave Klagges this public exposure and personal humiliation and settled the score with him on 17 July 1935 on his last visit to Braunschweig, which resulted in Klagges's de facto disempowerment.
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Captain America #298 According to the official version of the story told by the Red Skull and the Nazis, Schmidt met Hitler while working as a bellhop in a hotel. This occurred during his late teens, around the same time that the Nazi Party gained power in Germany. Schmidt wound up serving Hitler's rooms at the hotel. By chance, Schmidt was present by bringing refreshments when the Führer was furiously scolding an officer for letting a spy escape, during which Hitler declared that he could create a better National Socialist out of the bellhop.
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Bormann set up the Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry, which collected money from German industrialists on Hitler's behalf. Some of the funds received through this programme were disbursed to various party leaders, but Bormann retained most of it for Hitler's personal use. By 1936, Bormann was passing orders directly from Hitler to Reich ministers and Party officials. After Hess' flight to the United Kingdom to seek peace negotiations with the British government on 10 May 1941, Hitler abolished the post of Deputy Führer on 12 May 1941.
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For the even higher levels, such as Himmler or the senior SS-Gruppe leaders (later known by the title SS-Oberabschnitt Führer) a solid silver cuffband was worn. Within the early military SS, which included the Leibstandarte and the formations of the SS-Verfügungstruppe, a series of cuffbands were introduced which bore the name of the regiment to which the bearer was assigned. The most coveted of these was the "Adolf Hitler" cuffband, carrying the Führer’s name in Sütterlin script, which was worn solely by members of the Leibstandarte.
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During the Night of the Long Knives, which began on 30 June 1934, 80 stormtrooper leaders and other opponents of Hitler were arrested and shot. Von Hindenberg's death on 2 August 1934 enabled Hitler to usurp his presidential powers, and his dictatorship was built upon his position as Reich president (head of state), Reich Chancellor (head of government) and Führer (leader of the Nazi Party). The 9–10 November 1938 Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) had attacks on synagogues and Jewish businesses and citizens. Over 100 were killed, and thousands were arrested.
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General is an old soldier who was first to find the twins, gave Johan his name (the name of the boy in the picture book entitled The Monster without a Name) and sent him to 511 Kinderheim. Although a member of the right-wing organization whose goal is to make Johan the leader of Germany, Wolf does not actually want to make Johan a modern-day Führer. His family and acquaintances have been killed by Johan, teaching him true loneliness. Wolf asks Tenma to kill Johan for him.
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By the time Das Reich took part in the Battle of Moscow, it had lost 60 percent of its combat strength. It was further reduced in the Soviet Winter Counter-Offensive: for example, the Der Führer Regiment was down to 35 men out of the 2,000 that had started the campaign in June. The division was "mauled". By February 1942, it had lost 10,690 men. By mid-1942, the division now known as Das Reich was pulled out of the fighting line and sent to the west to refit as a Panzer-Grenadier Division.
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Dönitz talked Hitler out of the plan to scrap the capital ships after taking over as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, arguing successfully to Hitler that a fleet- in-being in Norway tied down British warships which could be used in the Battle of the Atlantic or against Japan.Weinberg A World at Arms pp. 368-369. Raeder's last speech occurred as Commander-in-Chief occurred on 30 January 1943 before the Reichstag, where he asserted that he had brought the Navy "smoothly and completely" into the service of the Führer in 1933.
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Four and a half years later, biker Neil Smith tries to join Brigands M.C., hoping to uncover evidence of alleged arms smuggling activities. Unfortunately, the Führer unmasks Smith as undercover policeman Neil Gauche and stages a mock execution, warning the police against further investigation. Ross and Neil visit CHERUB campus and James Adams, Dante and Lauren are assigned to a mission to infiltrate the Brigands M.C. Chloe Blake is the mission controller, posing as the mother of the CHERUB agents. Dante and Lauren make friends with Joe Donnington (the Führer's younger son).
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Such truths are comforting; but it is fiction like Black Camelot that makes history live.' Stalking Point From the back of the book: The Mission: Assassinate FDR and Churchill at their top secret meeting aboard the battleship Prince of Wales. The Plan: Commandeer the specially designed and lethal seaplane, the Canso—and take it on a suicide mission for the glory of Der Führer. The Men: Ernie Miller, America's top acrobatics pilot, with the skill to fly low, fast, and deadly... blackmailed into choosing between his country and the woman he loves.
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On why the autopsy reports were not released earlier, Bezymenski says: > Not because of doubts as to the credibility of the experts. ... Those who > were involved in the investigation remember that other considerations played > a far larger role. First, it was resolved not to publish the results of the > forensic-medical report but to "hold it in reserve" in case someone might > try to slip into the role of 'the Führer saved by a miracle'. Secondly, it > was resolved to continue the investigations in order to exclude any > possibility of error or deliberate deception.
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The award was to be personally presented by the Führer, Adolf Hitler, on 22 September 1943\. However, by this date Nowotny had claimed his double century (200) on 8 September, and, on 15 September, his 215th victory, making him the highest-scoring pilot in the Luftwaffe to that time. Two Lavochkin La-5s and a Yakovlev Yak-9 on 17 September brought his score to 218 victories, earning him Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords () on 22 September 1943\. The planned "Oak Leaves" presentation thus became a "Swords" ceremony.
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He acted as program coordinator for OutWrite: Lesbian and Gay Literary Conference for five years in the 1990s. Bronski was awarded the 1995 AIDS Action Committee Community Recognition Award for 20 years of journalism on gay and AIDS-related topics. In 1996, he received the Cambridge Lavender Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award for journalism and political organizing. Bronski was featured in the BBC's Stage Struck: Gay Theater in the Twentieth Century (1999), PBS's After Stonewall (1999), Cinemax's The Hidden Führer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality (2004), and Wrangler: Anatomy of an Icon (2008).
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The next day, some 30 wagons of dead bodies were taken to mass graves. As noted by Browning, the killings were led by a commander "who correctly intuited and anticipated the wishes of his Führer" without direct orders. For reasons unknown, the number of victims in the official report by Major Weis was cut in half. The next mass shooting of Polish Jews within the newly formed Reichskommissariat Ostland took place in two days of 5–7 August in occupied Pińsk, where over 12,000 Jews died at the hands of Waffen SS, not the Einsatzgruppen.
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The "Hampden Roar" a big factor, the Scots won 3–1 despite a good English performance. After another game against Wales, Matthews scored a hat-trick in a 5–4 win against Czechoslovakia. In 1938 he played eight games for England, starting with defeat to a Scotland team containing a young Bill Shankly. He then travelled to Berlin for another encounter with Münzenberg, where pre-match he witnessed first hand the foreboding devotion the people showed the Führer when his motorcade drove past a café the England team were dining in.
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At the deserted beaches of Dunkirk, the BBC reports British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's declaration that "what General Weygand called the 'Battle of France' is over, the Battle of Britain is about to begin". Luftwaffe Inspector-General Field Marshal Milch arrives to inspect a large German airfield in captured France. Hundreds of Heinkel He 111 bomber aircraft are stationed under Luftwaffe General Kesselring's command. Luftwaffe commanders are stunned when the Führer informs them that the British are not their "natural enemy" and delays their attack while attempting a diplomatic settlement.
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An earthquake leaves the California coastline in ruins and reduces the beaches to a state of chaos. A group of neo-Nazis led by Adolf (Brenner), the self- proclaimed "Führer of the new beach", takes advantage of the resulting chaos by fighting off several rival surfer gangs to seize control of the beaches. Meanwhile, an African American oil well worker named Leroy (Harden) is killed by the surf Nazis while jogging on the beach. Leroy's mother, "Mama" Washington (Neely), devastated by the loss of her son, vows revenge.
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In addition to an extensive theatre career, Groth has also acted in numerous television productions and feature films. His first major film role was in 1983 in the East German film The Turning Point, based on a novel by Hermann Kant. In 1986, he appeared in Johannes Schaaf's adaptation of Michael Ende's story Momo. In 1992, he acted in the war drama Stalingrad and in 2006 he took on the role of Nazi Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels in Dani Levy's My Führer – The Really Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler.
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Führer was the title demanded by Adolf Hitler to denote his function as the head of the Nazi Party; he received it in 1921 when, infuriated over party founder Anton Drexler's plan to merge with another antisemitic far-right nationalist party, he resigned from the party. Drexler and the party's Executive Committee then acquiesced to Hitler's demand to be made the chairman of the party with "dictatorial powers" as the condition for his return.Evans, Richard J. (2003) The Coming of the Third Reich. New York; Penguin. p. 180.
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On 29 March 1941, the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit), II. And III. Gruppe were ordered to relocate to Austria in preparation of the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The Geschwaderstab and II. Gruppe were then both located at Graz. The order for the invasion had been put forward in "Führer Directive No. 25", which Adolf Hitler issued on 27 March 1941, following the pro-British Yugoslav coup d'état in Belgrade. He claimed his first aerial victory on 7 April 1941, when he shot down a Yugoslav Royal Air Force Hawker Hurricane fighter.
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Cf. Führer durch die jüdische Gemeindeverwaltung und Wohlfahrtspflege in Deutschland, (ed.), Berlin: Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Deutschen Juden, 1933, p. 408.), established in 1926. ILM's four-person executive Israelite Upper Council (, additionally the chief rabbi was an ex officio member), also established in 1764,Cf. Ordnung und Statuta für die in den Herzoglich-Mecklenburgischen Landen wohnenden Schutz-Juden decided by the Jewish diet in Schwaan on 1 February and ducally confirmed on 12 October 1764, printed in: Gesetzessammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin'schen Lande: erste Sammlung vom Anbeginn der Thätigkeit der Gesetzgebung bis zum Anfange des 19.
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Horn turned out be Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess. Hess apparently claimed that he had flown to Britain with a message for the Duke of Hamilton in an attempt to persuade the British government to restore peace but in poor light mistook his intended destination of Dungavel House near Strathaven as Eaglesham House. Hess was tried as a war criminal at Nuremberg where an International Military Tribunal found him guilty on two counts of 'concerted plan or conspiracy' and 'crimes against peace'. He spent the rest of his life imprisoned in Spandau Prison, Berlin.
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On January 23, 1943, the Higher Command was renamed the XXXIII Army Corps and Engelbrecht remained in command. On December 25, 1943, he was forced to hand over his command to Lieutenant General Ludwig Wolff and was transferred to the Army's Führer Reserve. It was not until 13 September 1944 that he was re-called as leader of the newly formed Higher Command of Saarpfalz, which, however, included only fortification and construction troops. Engelbrecht surrendered to the American troops in April 1945 and was released from captivity in 1947.
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In 1937, Hitler declared five cities to be converted into Führer cities (German: Führerstädte) in the new Nazi regime, one of which was Hamburg. The banks of the Elbe river of Hamburg, considered Germany's “Gateway to the World” for its large port, was to be redone in the clinker brick style characteristic of German Brick Expressionism. To supply the bricks, the SS-owned company Deutsche Erd-und Steinwerke (DESt) (English: German Earth & Stone Works) purchased a defunct brick factory (German: Klinkerwerk) and 500,000 m² of land in Neuengamme in September 1938.
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In October 1939 the SS-VT regiments, Deutschland, Germania and Der Führer, were organized into the SS-Verfügungs- Division with Paul Hausser as commander. The LSSAH was expanded into a motorized regiment. In addition, the armed but ill-trained Totenkopfstandarten, together with SS Heimwehr Danzig were organized into the Totenkopf-Division under Eicke's command in October 1939. A further division, the Polizei-Division, was created from the Ordnungspolizei. These formations took part in combat training while under army commands in preparation for Fall Gelb against the Low Countries and France in 1940.
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Schloss Kammer am Attersee III (1910), which was swapped for the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I In December 1941 Führer transferred the paintings Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I and Apfelbaum I to the Galerie Belvedere in return for Schloss Kammer am Attersee III, which he then sold to Gustav Ucicky, an illegitimate son of Klimt. A note accompanying the paintings stated he was acting in accordance with Adele's will. To remove all reference to its Jewish subject matter, the gallery renamed the portrait with the German title (translates as Lady in Gold).
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Hantke René, Geologischer Führer der Schweiz, Exkursion 32, Basel 1967. During the last ice age, the Bürgenstock was completely covered by an ice stream flowing from the Gotthard into the foothills of the Alps. Abrasion marks left by the ice on the limestone are found including in the highest altitudes. Large granite boulders which were transported by the ice from the Gotthard, are distributed over the whole mountain, as for example an 18 m3 large, round specimen on a steep slope on the Allwägli land reserve, which in 1949 was placed under protection.
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292 Where the DAP had been avowedly a "class" party, Riehl sought to distance the group from any such consideration, instead tying it in to the wider Völkisch movement. Riehl was aware from early on of the existence of the German Workers' Party in Germany itself and maintained correspondence with its early leader Anton Drexler. He was not a supporter of union with Germany but nonetheless he accepted a subservient role to Adolf Hitler at an early stage, referring to him "unseren reichsdeutschen führer" (our German Reich leader) in 1922.
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Gustav Simon was appointed Chef der Zivilverwaltung (CdZ; "Chief of the Civil Administration") by the Oberkommando des Heeres on 21 July 1940. Luxembourg was then included into the CdZ-Gebiet Luxemburg on 29 July. While initially subordinate to the military commands in Belgium and northern France, Simon was confirmed in his appointment on 2 August by Adolf Hitler himself, indicating that he reported directly to the Führer and no one else. This granted him a wide degree of autonomy with regards to the military and civil authorities of Nazi Germany.
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It was part of the artistic loot taken to Paris under the terms of the Treaty of Tolentino (1797) and remained in Paris 1800-15, when it was returned to Rome after the fall of Napoleon. In part due to its hair being unlike that in better-attested Antinous-types, which closely follow a very few iconographic models, it is now consideredE.g. in Wolfgang Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümen in Rom 1963-72, II:230f. to be a Roman Imperial era copy of an early 4th century BC Greek statue of Hermes.
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Members of Totenkopfverbände from Treblinka extermination camp (from left): Paul Bredow, Willi Mentz, Max Möller and Josef Hirtreiter. In 1942 Glücks was increasingly involved in the administration of the Endlösung, supplying personnel to assist in Aktion Reinhardt (although the death camps of Belzec, Treblinka and Sobibor were administered by SS-und Polizei-führer Odilo Globocnik of the General Government). In July 1942, Glücks met Himmler to discuss medical experiments on concentration camp inmates. All extermination orders were issued from Glücks' office to SS-TV commands throughout Nazi Germany and occupied Europe.
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This dicynodonts was collected in Paleontological Site Chiniquá, São Pedro do Sul. After finishing his doctorate, Stahlecker did not become a scientist, but a biology teacher at a school Stuttgart. "The Führer wants to teach people to think again biologically, we scientists have to be here its first collaborators," was his motto. After The War he had to pause for some years during denazification, although he had not as intensively be involved in National Socialism as his brother, the SS Brigade Leader and Commander of the "Einsatzgruppe A" Walter Stahlecker.
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In 2004 he appeared in Oliver Hirschbiegel's film Downfall in the role of Heinrich Himmler, a role he played in 2007 in Dani Levy's black comedy Mein Führer – The Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler alongside Helge Schneider, Sylvester Groth and Ulrich Mühe in complete other interpretation. Also in 2004 he was seen in the TV drama The Boxer and the Hairdresser as gay star hairdresser Fränki Laue. In 2005 he impersonated the character of the father in the tragicomedy Polly Blue Eyes, alongside Matthias Schweighöfer and Meret Becker.
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SS-Oberabschnitt Ostland (SS Senior District Eastern Territories) was a paper command of the Allgemeine-SS established in 1941 in occupied Latvia. The command was headquartered at Riga and was intended as a General-SS counterpart command to the much more powerful posting of the Higher SS and Police Leader of Northern Russia and the Baltics (HSSPF Ostland und Rußland-Nord). The only SS officer to ever hold the position of senior district commander was Friedrich Jeckeln. Jeckeln was appointed as the Oberabschnitt Führer (Senior District Leader) on December 12th 1941.
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On 2 September 1944, at the beginning of the Battle of Metz, the old city fortress is declared a fortress of the Reich by Hitler. The fortress must be defended to the last by German troops, whose leaders were all sworn to the Führer. The German command integrates Fort Gambetta into the defensive system set up around Metz. The next day, 3 September 1944, the troops of General Krause take their positions on a line from Pagny-sur-Moselle to Mondelange, passing to the west of Metz by Chambley, Mars-la-Tour, Jarny and Briey.
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A Nazi regime rules the parallel world of Earth-X, where an archer known as Dark Arrow is the Führer and leader of the cabal the New Reichsmen. He seizes a temporal gateway from the Freedom Fighters, which enables travelling to other universes. On Earth-1, Barry Allen and Iris West's friends, including Kara Danvers and Alex Danvers from Earth-38, come to Central City for Barry and Iris's wedding. Harry Wells, Cisco Ramon, and Caitlin Snow develop a serum to separate the Firestorm matrix from Martin Stein and Jefferson Jackson.
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Wolfenstein 3D is divided into two sets of three episodes: "Escape from Castle Wolfenstein", "Operation: Eisenfaust", and "Die, Führer, Die!" serve as the primary trilogy, with a second trilogy titled The Nocturnal Missions including "A Dark Secret", "Trail of the Madman", and "Confrontation". The protagonist is William "B.J." Blazkowicz, an American spy of Polish descent, and the game follows his efforts to destroy the Nazi regime. In "Escape", Blazkowicz has been captured while trying to find the plans for Operation Eisenfaust (Iron Fist) and imprisoned in Castle Wolfenstein, from which he must escape.
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These discoveries, at the time they were made, generated fantastic praise for the work of Führer. According to the New York Post (3 May 1896) the Nigliva discovery "seems to carry the origin of Buddhism much further back". The Liverpool Mercury (29 December 1896) reports that the discovery that Lumbini (also called Paderia) was "the actual birthplace of the Buddha ought to bring devout joy to about 627,000,000 people". The Pall Mall Gazette (18 April 1898) related that the Piprahwa discovery "contains no less a relic than the bones of the Buddha himself".
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The Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote or BdU (Eng: "Commander of the U-boats") was the supreme commander of the German Navy's U-Boat Arm (Ubootwaffe) during the First and Second World Wars. The term also referred to the Command HQ of the U-boat arm.Hague pviii The title was established in June 1917, replacing the role of "Leader of the U-boats" (Führer der Unterseeboote, or FdU) for the High Seas Flotillas. The first incumbent was Kapitan zur See/Kommodore Andreas Michelsen (de), previously head of the High Seas Fleet’s destroyer force.
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Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, it was led by Chuck Crate and modeled on Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists. Around the same time, in February 1934 in Quebec, the National Social Christian Party was founded by journalist and self-proclaimed "Canadian Führer" Adrien Arcand. In October of that same year, the party merged with the Canadian Nationalist Party, which was based in the prairie provinces. In June 1938, it merged with Nazi groups from Ontario and Quebec (many of which were known as Swastika clubs), to form the National Unity Party.
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Haushofer then worked as an assistant for Albrecht Penck. A fellow student in geopolitics was Rudolf Hess, a very early follower of Adolf Hitler and close friend of his Haushofer's father, Karl. Karl Haushofer was a frequent visitor to Landsberg Prison, where Hitler and Hess were jailed after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and Mein Kampf was written. Later, under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 (effective from 1936), Albrecht Haushofer was categorized as a Mischling; however Hess, Deputy Führer since 1933, succeeded in having him issued a German Blood Certificate.
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German vehicles abandoned during the 9th Army's retreat from Belarus, July 1944 On 30 March 1944, Model was placed in command of Army Group North Ukraine in Galicia, which was withdrawing under heavy pressure from Zhukov's 1st Ukrainian Front. He replaced Manstein, who had fallen out of favour with Hitler. Despite Manstein's previous victories, the Führer wanted someone whom he anticipated would be unyielding in defence. On 28 June, Model was sent to rescue Army Group Centre, which had been torn apart by Operation Bagration, the Soviet offensive in Belorussia.
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Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Adolf Hitler's role as chancellor before appointing himself Führer. Lucas has also drawn parallels between Palpatine and historical dictators such as Julius Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte, as well as former president of the United States Richard Nixon. The Great Jedi Purge depicted in Revenge of the Sith mirrors the events of the Night of the Long Knives. The corruption of the Galactic Republic is modeled after the fall of the democratic Roman Republic and the formation of an empire.
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Messerschmidt and Wüllner wrote that many of Wehrmacht desertions were politically motivated out of disgust with the genocidal politics of the Nazi regime, and that "Whom were these military judges serving who sent soldiers to their deaths? In numerous judgments, this question is clearly answered: they were serving the Führer, final victory, Nazi Germany". German veterans have for the most part been opposed to this. Only in September 2009 did Germany pardon the men convicted of desertion under the grounds that to desert from a criminal war was not a crime.
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But, like the main organ, this organ was also destroyed in 1942. In 1955 the organ builders Kemper & Son restored the Danse Macabre organ in accordance with its 1937 dimensions, but now in the northern part of the ambulatory, in the direction of the raised choir. Its original place is now occupied by the astronomical clock. This post-War organ, which was very prone to malfunction, was replaced in 1986 by a new Danse Macabre organ, built by Führer Co. in Wilhelmshaven and positioned in the same place as its predecessor.
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István Győrkös (born 20 November 1940) is a Hungarian far-right political figure and convicted murderer. He was the founder and leader of the Hungarist and neo-Nazi paramilitary movement Hungarian National Front (MNA) from 1989 to 2016. He had been a leading and prominent figue in Hungarian extremist and neo-Nazi politics in the 1990s. In 1995, he proclaimed himself the sole leader of the Hungarist movement under the title Vezető ("Leader"), a term similar to Duce (Italian) for Benito Mussolini, Führer (German) for Adolf Hitler and Nemzetvezető (Hungarian) for Ferenc Szálasi.
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45; also in IfZ, Fa-91/4, fo. 1099 With the city in ruins and only 200 irregular defenders left, Wächtler left Bayreuth with his staff as American tanks approached on 13 April. He set up offices at a hotel in Waldmünchen in the southern part of the Gau near the Czech border. It is unclear whether communications difficulties prevented Wächtler from informing Führer Headquarters of his location, however his deputy and longtime political rival Ludwig Ruckdeschel used the opportunity to contact Bormann and accuse Wächtler of desertion.
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After his recovery, he joined the Führer Reserve in Berlin and worked at the General War Office. There he got to know other opponents of the regime and introduced Mertz von Quirnheim to Count Claus von Stauffenberg, who was an intimate friend of Graf Hans-Jürgen's cousin Albrecht von Blumenthal. The latter had introduced Stauffenberg to the mystical poet Stefan George, from whose circle other conspirators were drawn. Furthermore, in the late 1930s Dietrich Bonhoeffer had operated an underground seminary for training Confessing Church pastors at Albrecht's estate at Schlönwitz.
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Poglavnik Ante Pavelić and Italy's Duce Benito Mussolini on 18 May 1941 in Rome. The Ustaše were heavily influenced by Italian Fascism and politically supported by Fascist Italy. Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler with Pavelić at the Berghof outside Berchtesgaden, Germany. The Ustaše increasingly came under the influence of Nazism after the founding of the NDH in 1941. One of the major ideological influences on the Croatian nationalism of the Ustaše was 19th century Croatian activist Ante Starčević, an advocate of Croatian unity and independence, who was both anti-Habsburg and anti-Serbian in outlook.
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He accorded himself the title of "Poglavnik"—a Croatian approximation to "Führer". The Independent State of Croatia was declared on Croatian "ethnic and historical territory", "… ethnic and historical territory". what is today Republic of Croatia (without Istria), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Syrmia and the Bay of Kotor. However, a few days after the declaration of independence, the Ustaše were forced to sign the Treaty of Rome where they surrendered part of Dalmatia and Krk, Rab, Korčula, Biograd, Šibenik, Split, Čiovo, Šolta, Mljet and part of Konavle and the Bay of Kotor to Italy.
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As such, he condoned and participated in the Night of the Long Knives. In the same year, after the death of Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg, he personally ordered all soldiers in the army to pledge the Reichswehreid oath of allegiance not to Volk and Fatherland, but to the new Reichspräsident and Führer (Adolf Hitler). In 1935 the Ministry of Defense was renamed to Ministry of War; Blomberg became Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. In 1936, Blomberg was the first General Field Marshal appointed by Hitler.
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At the height of the Sudetenland crisis and Hitler’s guarantees that he had no further territorial interests in Europe: “Kröger.…without authorization from Berlin, assured his followers that the Führer had not abandoned them, implying that revision remained a possibility.”Himmler’s Auxiliaries; The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933–1945” Valdis O. Lumans, 1993, page.106. SS Sturmbannführer Kroeger was admonished by his SS and VOMI superiors and visited Berlin in September 1939 where he was secretly advised of the Nazi plans to trade Latvia and Estonia to Joseph Stalin.
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In return for the armed forces' support, he agreed to suppress the SA and promised that the armed forces would be the only bearers of arms in Germany under his watch. Raeder agreed right away, but Fritsch withheld his support until May 18, when the senior generals unanimously agreed to back Hitler as Hindenburg's successor. Hitler had a plebiscite held on 19 August 1934, in which the German people were asked if they approved of Hitler taking the office of Führer. The Ja (Yes) vote amounted to 90% of the vote.
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Goebbels and Bormann were two of the witnesses. In his last will and testament, Hitler named no successor as Führer or leader of the Nazi Party. Instead, he appointed Goebbels as Reich Chancellor; Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, who was at Flensburg near the Danish border, as Reich President; and Bormann as Party Minister. Goebbels wrote a postscript to the will stating that he would "categorically refuse" to obey Hitler's order to leave Berlin–as he put it, "the first time in my life" that he had not complied with Hitler's orders.
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On 25 July 1940, Wilhelm Keitel added a supplement to the Führer Decree of 24 April 1940 on the exercise of governmental powers in Norway, which ordered that the commander of XXI Army Corps should immediately bear the name "Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Norwegen". In order to prepare for the war against the USSR and the subsequent command on the Finnish theater of action, a "Command Center Finland" of the AOK Norway was set up. The Army High Command in Lapland emerged from this command post. On 14 January 1942, it took command of the AOK Norway's forces on the Finnish front.
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Born in 1909 into a family of a merchant in Hamburg, Kumm trained as a typesetter and worked at a newspaper. On 1 June 1934, Kumm joined the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS Dispositional Troops) and on 1 July received his first training with the SS-Standarte "Germania" in Hamburg. Kumm commanded the Der Führer Regiment of the SS Division Das Reich from July 1941 to April 1943. This regiment was nearly destroyed in the Soviet offensive of January 1942, when it was reduced to 35 men out of the 2,000 that had started the campaign in June 1941.
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In particular, the Polish High Command had an agent working in the Führer Headquarters (), who always sent the most accurate plans of the German High Command. When asked by TICOM if they were able to take any action, Fenner stated that as a result of reading these messages, that sometimes they were able to change the place or time of an attack but that usually the reports were of a long term strategic nature and there was little they could do about it. They never succeeded in tracking down the agent. Fenner placed the reading of the Turkish cyphers, second in importance.
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Also on 17 August, Cecil von Renthe-Fink, "special diplomatic delegate of the Führer to the French Head of State", asked Pétain to allow himself to be transferred to the northern zone. Pétain refused and asked for a written formulation of this request. Von Renthe-Fink renewed his request twice on the 18th, then returned on the 19th, at , accompanied by General von Neubroon, who told him that he had "formal orders from Berlin". The written text is submitted to Pétain: "The Reich Government instructs that the transfer of the Head of State be carried out, even against his will".
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Just as they later took control of the newspapers, upon the introduction of printing the Jews residing in Germany took control of the printing presses and thus in Germany the Schwabach Jew letters were forcefully introduced. Today the Führer, talking with Herr Reichsleiter Amann and Herr Book Publisher Adolf Müller, has decided that in the future the Antiqua script is to be described as normal script. All printed materials are to be gradually converted to this normal script. As soon as is feasible in terms of textbooks, only the normal script will be taught in village and state schools.
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Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel signing the Instrument of Surrender in Berlin After the Machtergreifung of the Nazi Party in 1933, state power had been personified more and more within Reich Chancellor (Reichskanzler) Adolf Hitler, who upon the death of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934 simultaneously served as head of government and as head of state (styled Führer and Reichskanzler).Gesetz über das Staatsoberhaupt des Deutschen Reichs vom 1. August 1934. Furthermore, by the final months of the war, governmental functions at all levels within Nazi Germany had been assimilated into the apparatus of the Nazi Party.
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Consequently, during the first week of September, Pavelić and German ambassador Siegfried Kasche conspired together and effected his removal on 25 September. Glaise-Horstenau's withdrawal from the scene opened the door for the total politicalization of the Croatian armed forces, which occurred over the next several months. Glaise-Horstenau was then passed into Führer-Reserve and entrusted with the obscure task of Military Historian of the South East until his capture by the US Army on 5 May 1945. Fearing extradition to Yugoslavia, he committed suicide at Langwasser military camp near Nuremberg, Germany, on 20 July 1946.
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Victory in the Battle of Britain, they hoped, would be enough to convince the British to sue for peace. The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) hoped peace negotiations would avoid a hazardous amphibious landing in Britain, codenamed Operation Sea Lion (Seelöwe), from being carried out. Hitler was receptive to this idea, and his Führer Directive No. 17 made sure German efforts went into planning and executing Operation Eagle Attack, which intensified the prolonged struggle for air superiority over southern England after 13 August. In this operation, targeting British shipping came a distant second to destroying the RAF and military industries on land.
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And so came about the often-reprinted Theology of the Resurrection (1933). With Helmut Schreiner, he also published "The Nation of God", which specifically aimed with missionary intent at their own citizens in Germany. Due to the founding of the Deutsche Kirchen in the course of the year 1933, especially the meeting at the Berlin Sports Palace, the book addressed the themes posed by National Socialism: Führer-headship, obedience-principle, Jewdom, and the Race Question. After the events of '37, the Centrale was closed and Künneth's work was forbidden, Künneth was also banned from either publishing or teaching throughout the entire Reich.
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164 Soon after, Fritz Kolbe passed this information to the United States, alongside details of the panic having gripped German troops on the Moldavian front. As Antonescu was overthrown by opposition forces during the August 23 coup, Killinger, still present in Bucharest, committed suicide on 2 September in his office on Calea Victoriei in order to avoid capture by the Red Army."German Slays His Staff..."; Giurescu, p.211 The New York Times reported in September 1944 that, shortly before his death, Killinger had "run amok", shooting junior members of his staff while shouting the words "We must all die for the Führer".
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The Lumbini pillar inscription, also called the Paderia inscription, is an inscription in the ancient Brahmi script, discovered in December 1896 on a pillar of Ashoka in Lumbini, modern Nepal by Alois Anton Führer. Another famous inscription discovered nearby in a similar context is the Nigali-Sagar inscription. The Lumbini inscription is generally categorized among the Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka, although it is in the past tense and in the ordinary third person (not the royal third person), suggesting that it is not a pronouncement of Ashoka himself, but a rather later commemoration of his visit in the area.
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He suggested that the fallen pillar had been re-erected at the time of the Buddhist Pala dynasty, in the 11th or 12th century. The existence of the stone pillar itself was already known before the discovery: it had already been reported to Vincent A. Smith by a local landowner named Duncan Ricketts, around twelve years before (circa 1884). Rubbings of the Medieval inscriptions on top of the pillar had been sent by Ricketts, but they were thought of no great consequence. Führer has also heard about the pillar in 1895, while he was investigating the nearby Nigali-Sagar pillar.
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Vincent Arthur Smith further revealed in 1901 the blunt truth about Führer's Nepalese discoveries, saying of Führer's description of the archaeological remains at Nigali Sagar that "every word of it is false", and characterizing several of Führer's epigraphic discoveries in the area, including the inscriptions at the alleged Shakya stupas at Sagarwa, as "impudent forgeries". However Smith never challenged the authenticity of the Lumbini pillar inscription and the Nigali Sagar inscription. Führer had written in 1897 a monograph on his discoveries in Nigali Sagar and Lumbini, Monograph on Buddha Sakyamuni's birth-place in the Nepalese tarai which was withdrawn from circulation.
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Erwin Konrad Eduard Bumke (7 July 1874 – 20 April 1945) was the last president of the Reichsgericht, the supreme civil and criminal court of the German Reich, serving from 1929 to 1945. As such, he should according to the Weimar Constitution have succeeded Paul von Hindenburg as the President of Germany upon the latter's death in August 1934 and thus the Head of State of Nazi Germany. The Law on the Head of State of the German Reich, passed by the Nazi- controlled Reichstag, prevented that unconstitutionally by combining the presidency with the chancellorship, making Adolf Hitler the undisputed Führer of Germany.
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On 9 March 1944, Busch and his aides were summoned to brief Hitler at the Berghof in Bavaria on 11 March. Following a debate with Tresckow, Breitenbuch agreed to attempt to assassinate the Führer by shooting him in the head using a 7.65mm Browning pistol concealed in his trouser pocket, having declined a suicide attempt using a bomb. A Condor aircraft was sent to collect Busch and Breitenbuch and he was allowed into the Berghof, but was not able to carry out the plan because SS guards had been ordered - earlier that day - not to permit aides into the conference room with Hitler.
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After recovering from his injuries Hans Kempin returned to the field with the Der Führer. However, on 1 February 1942 instead of continuing on with his old regiment, Kempin was transferred as an instructor to the SS-Junkerschule at Bad Tölz and later also to SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig, and finally to Waffen-SS Unterführerschule in Posen-Treskau. On 1 December 1943, he was promoted to SS- Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) and two months later received command of the Waffen-SS Unterführerschule located in Laibach (Ljubljana). He remained its commander until late February 1945, when he was assigned to lead first the 547.
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Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2, Hans Hahn, France 1941 Hahn would claim five victories during the Battle of France, before becoming even more successful in the Battle of Britain. After 20 claims by September 1940, Hahn was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (), promoted to the rank of Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III./JG 2. Hauptmann Hahn was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () in August 1941 for 41 victories. The presentation was made on 27 August 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland).
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The Hidden Hitler by Lothar Machtan by Allen Barra, Salon, 15 January 2002 In 2004, the documentary film Hidden Führer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality was made based on The Hidden Hitler. Aired by HBO's CINEMAX Reel Life, it follows Machtan as he travels around Germany to the places of Hitler's youth and explains his thesis and evidence. Machtan's book, Der Kaisersohn bei Hitler (The Kaiser's son at Hitler's), was released in March 2006. His book Die Abdankung: Wie Deutschlands gekrönte Häupter aus der Geschichte fielen (The Abdication – How Germany's crowned heads fell out of history), was published in October 2008.
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Bonhoeffer's promising academic and ecclesiastical career was dramatically altered with the Nazi ascension to power on 30 January 1933. He was a determined opponent of the regime from its first days. Two days after Hitler was installed as Chancellor, Bonhoeffer delivered a radio address in which he attacked Hitler and warned Germany against slipping into an idolatrous cult of the Führer (leader), who could very well turn out to be Verführer (misleader, or seducer). He was cut off the air in the middle of a sentence, though it is unclear whether the newly elected Nazi regime was responsible.
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Hitler distrusted Galland's theory and believed him to be afraid and stalling for time. The Führer was also skeptical that the Luftwaffe could stop the American air offensive and was not willing to have German resources sit idle on airfields to wait for an improvement in flying conditions. Admittedly Galland's efforts had built up a useful reserve, but Hitler was now to use it in support of a land offensive. Göring and Hitler handed over the forces pooled by Galland to Peltz whom they had appointed commander of II. Jagdkorps—responsible for virtually all fighter forces in the west.
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Following his car were two cars to the left and right, one with the rest of the FBK and the other with a detachment of RSD men. Then came the car of other Nazi chieftains and/or SS leaders; after a further 100-metre gap came the car or cars with any additional guests. The LSSAH guarded Hitler's private residences and offices, providing an outer ring of protection for the Führer and his visitors. Buildings protected included the old Reich Chancellery, the new Reich Chancellery, and the Berghof in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Bavaria.
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Hindenburg died the following day, and two hours later, Hitler issued a decree announcing that in accordance with the new law, he had assumed the president's powers. He publicly argued that the presidency had become so linked with Hindenburg that the title should not be used again. Immediately after Hindenburg's death on 2 August, defence minister and commander-in-chief Werner von Blomberg ordered all members of the Reichswehr (armed forces) to take an oath to the Führer. When Hindenburg dictated his testament in May, he included as his "last wish" for Hitler to restore the Hohenzollern monarchy.
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Records indicate that Charles Edward received a monthly payment of 4,000 Reichsmark (worth about £16,000 in 2015) from the Führer. Hitler sent Charles Edward to Britain as president of the Anglo-German Friendship Society. His mission was to improve Anglo-German relations and to explore the possibility of a pact between the two countries. He attended the funeral of his first cousin George V as Hitler's representative in the uniform of a Stormtrooper (SA) general of the German army, complete with a metal helmet; (his British uniforms had been taken away when he was stripped of his British titles).
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Pius XI announced the following day that communism had moved to the head of the list of "errors", and a clear statement was needed. On 25 November, Faulhaber told the Bavarian bishops that he promised Hitler that the bishops would issue a pastoral letter condemning "Bolshevism, which represents the greatest danger for the peace of Europe and the Christian civilization of our country". He said that the letter "will once again affirm our loyalty and positive attitude, demanded by the Fourth Commandment, toward today's form of government and the Führer".Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence and the Holocaust, p.
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On 17 August 1944, the Germans, in the person of Cecil von Renthe-Fink, "special diplomatic delegate of the Führer to the French Head of State", asked Pétain to allow himself to be transferred to the northern zone. Pétain refused and asked for a written formulation of this request. Von Renthe-Fink renewed his request twice on the 18th, then returned on the 19th, at , accompanied by General von Neubroon, who told him that he had "formal orders from Berlin". The written text is submitted to Pétain: "The Reich Government instructs the transfer of the Head of State, even against his will".
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Dear Friend Hitler, released in India as Gandhi to Hitler, is a 2011 Indian drama film based on letters written by Mohandas Gandhi to the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany Adolf Hitler. The film, starring Raghubir Yadav as Adolf Hitler and Neha Dhupia as Eva Braun, was directed by Rakesh Ranjan Kumar and produced by Anil Kumar Sharma under the production house Amrapali media vision. It was screened at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival where it received negative reviews. Film Business Asia quoted that "despite the provocative title, the film is not a tribute to the murderous Führer".
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Göring issuing an order for German troops on the Eastern Front, 1941 Göring and other senior officers were concerned that Germany was not yet ready for war, but Hitler insisted on pushing ahead as soon as possible. The invasion of Poland, the opening action of World War II, began at dawn on 1 September 1939. Later in the day, speaking to the Reichstag, Hitler designated Göring as his successor as Führer of all Germany, "If anything should befall me", with Hess as the second alternate. Big German victories followed one after the other in quick succession.
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Kempka driving Hitler and Benito Mussolini in September 1937 Kempka joined the Nazi Party on 1 April 1930 as member #225,639. Kempka served as chauffeur for Josef Terboven until 29 February 1932, when, based on Terboven's recommendation, he was tasked as a reserve driver for Hitler's personal entourage. He became one of the original members of an eight-man squad known as the SS-Begleitkommando des Führers (SS Escort Command of the Führer), which later became known as the Führerbegleitkommando (FBK). The unit was assigned with protecting the life of Hitler. In 1934, he was present at the arrest of Ernst Röhm.
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Lauterbach during the 1939 Saar Offensive The decline of the Reichskolonialbund began with the onset of World War II, when the Nazi State focused on other priorities, foremost of which was the search for a Lebensraum in the East of Europe. Finally in 1943 the Reichsleiter Martin Bormann pressed for the dissolution of the Reichskolonialbund on the grounds of "kriegsunwichtiger Tätigkeit" ("activity irrelevant to the war"). Hence the Reichskolonialbund was swiftly disbanded by a decree of the Führer in 1943. The disbandment of the organisation and its assets was harsh and without ceremony, almost equaling a requisition (Beschlagnahmung).
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Three months only after her wedding with Jordan, the couple separated, with attracted again sensational coverage in the press. Dior-Jordan – as she was calling herself at that time – was disillusioned by her husband's leadership qualities and publicly dismissed him as a "middle-class nobody". The Daily Mirror ran a front-page headline reading, "Nazi Told: 'Marriage is Over'", along with the subheading "You're no Leader, says Françoise". The next day, the paper ran another issue with the headline "Please – I love you says Führer", quoting Jordan as he reportedly begged Dior to "please, please, please come home".
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Adolf Hitler resolved to intervene in the Balkans. Führer Directive Number 20, December 13, 1940, defined Operation Marita as the invasion of Greece. The Wehrmacht was impatient to occupy Greece so that it could get on to Russia. The Germans attacked Yugoslavia and Greece simultaneously by Blitzkrieg on April 6, 1941. Fifteen divisions of the German 12th Army under Wilhelm List, field marshal, struck into Greece and Yugoslavia in a two-pronged attack. The Yugoslavs surrendered on April 17. On April 9 the Germans took Thessaloniki, outflanking the Metaxas Line, a fixed defense paralleling the Bulgarian border.
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245 Kershaw sees this rivalry as causing the "cumulative radicalization" of Germany, and argues that though Hitler always favoured the most radical solution to any problem, it was German officials themselves who for the most part, in attempting to win the Führer's approval, carried out on their own initiative increasingly "radical" solutions to perceived problems like the "Jewish Question", as opposed to being ordered to do so by Hitler.Kershaw, Ian "'Working Towards the Führer' Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship" pp. 231–252 from The Third Reich edited by Christian Leitz, London: Blackwill, 1999 p.
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As Ribbentrop alienated more and more people in Britain, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring warned Hitler that Ribbentrop was a "stupid ass". Hitler dismissed Göring's concerns: "But after all, he knows quite a lot of important people in England." That remark led Göring to reply "Mein Führer, that may be right, but the bad thing is, they know him". In February 1937, Ribbentrop committed a notable social gaffe by unexpectedly greeting George VI with the "German greeting", a stiff-armed Nazi salute: the gesture nearly knocked over the King, who was walking forward to shake Ribbentrop's hand at the time.
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This organization would be directly dependent on the chancellor [Hitler, who was not yet in power], and would centralize and coordinate research and would oversee its analysis In 1933 he turned to Hermann Göring, who was an acquaintance from the First World War, to create the new agency. Schmidt stated: :The main aspects of the project were submitted by Schapper to Göring. If the Führer approves in turn, and if the Nazis take power, then it is likely this reform will happen. Schapper will then occupy an important place and will surely ask me to take a place next to him.
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Browning went on to assert that Irving was attempting to falsely equate doubts about the existence of a written Führer order with doubts about the Holocaust. Browning used to support his thesis the example of Hitler's secret speech to his Gauleiters on 12 December 1941, in which Hitler strongly alluded to genocide as the "Final Solution". Browning testified that the Madagascar Plan of 1940–41 was "fantastic" and "bizarre", but countered Irving's suggestion that this proves the alleged impossibility of the Holocaust by stating: "...I do think they took it seriously. It is fantastic, but of course, Auschwitz is fantastic, too".
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An eminent Viennese doctor in Germany becomes increasingly disillusioned with the oppressive brutality of the Nazis. His wife, however, is flattered by the attentions of the Führer, and accepts a political post in Berlin. At first the doctor does nothing as his friends "disappear", but eventually, with the aid of an engineer, he creates a secret radio station from which he broadcasts condemnations of Hitler and prays for a "better" Germany to arise from the ashes of his ruined country. The birth of "Freedom Radio" sees the creation of an underground group of anti-Nazis who regard Karl as their leader.
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Frießner stressed that this operational plan was the only remaining way to save the army group from destruction. In response to his letter, Frießner was summoned to the Führer headquarters on 14 July, with Model, now commander of Army Group Centre, in attendance. During this meeting, as well as another one on 18 July, both commanders stressed the emergency of their respective army groups. Hitler was initially adamant that the Baltic had to be held, but ultimately agreed to withdraw to the Latvia line as the 2nd and 3rd Baltic Fronts broke through the positions between the 16th and 18th Armies.
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As a result, the bombardment was not carried out, and by 14:35, Scheer had been warned of the Grand Fleet's approach and so turned his forces around and retreated to German ports. On 25–26 September, Ostfriesland and the rest of I Squadron provided support for a sweep out to the Terschelling Bank conducted by the II Führer der Torpedoboote (Leader of Torpedo Boats). Scheer conducted another fleet operation on 18–20 October in the direction of the Dogger Bank. For the majority of 1917, Ostfriesland was assigned to guard duty in the German Bight.
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On 23 May, the instructions for Sonderstab F were detailed by German dictator Adolf Hitler in Führer Directive No. 30 (Weisung Nr. 30). The directive detailed German intervention in support of Arab nationalists who seized the government in Iraq and were being confronted by the British Army (10th Indian Infantry Division). The mission included a Brandenburger Regiment, a German Air Force (Luftwaffe), and a German Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) component. Many members of the various mission components had received orders prior to 23 May and were in Iraq at the time Weisung Nr. 30 was issued.
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After Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party in April. He was elected to the Reichstag in the March elections, was made a Reichsleiter of the Nazi Party in June and in December 1933 he became Minister without Portfolio in Hitler's cabinet. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in August 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich. Hitler decreed on the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939 that Hermann Göring was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line.
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Milch wanted the project canceled simply because at that stage the German airplane industry was incapable of building a large fleet of heavy bombers and would remain so. Thus, Göring shelved the project and is later supposed to have said, "The Führer will never ask me how big our bombers are, but how many we have." However, after pleas from the Chief of Branch 1 of the Luftwaffe Operations Staff, Major Paul Deichmann, to Göring, an about face occurred in late 1937, when specifications were issued to develop an aircraft to deliver a five-ton bomb load to New York.
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Haase (right) with Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, 1941 Haase became commander of III Corps on 16 November 1938. At the beginning of World War II, he commanded the III Corps in the Invasion of Poland and the Battle of France. On 15 May 1940 Haase's corps broke through the French defensive positions at Charleville-Mézières, for which he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 June 1940. Haase was promoted to Generaloberst on 19 July 1940 and in mid-November 1940, he was relieved of his command and reassigned to the Führer-Reserve.
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Haase attending Wilhelm II's funeral with Arthur Seyss-Inquart and August von Mackensen On 4 June 1941 he attended the funeral of German Emperor Wilhelm II at Doorn Manor in the Netherlands as a representative of the Oberkommando des Heeres. From early 1941 to December 1942 he commanded the 15th Army deployed in France, during that period the army was tasked with the protection of the Channel coast from a possible Allied invasion. He was transferred again to the Führer-Reserve for the remainder of his career and died on 9 February 1943 at the age of 61 of heart disease.
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The show is based on an original idea — the collective work of Phil Ox, Steven Bawol, Isabelle Dubernet and Eric Führer — and is a French/English co-production, produced in English by French company Moi j'aime la television. At one point, You Wish! was considered as a working title, and was used for the pilot show, but it was discovered that there had been an American sitcom, You Wish, with the same name, so Genie in the House was chosen instead. The show's theme song was written especially for the show, with music by Jean de Aguiar and lyrics by Kevin Eldon.
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The Vorbunker was connected by a stairway down to the Führerbunker, which had become a de facto Führer Headquarters. On 23 April 1945, Hitler's personal physician Theodor Morell and several others left Berlin by aircraft for the Obersalzberg leaving behind medications prepared for Hitler, which Haase and Heinz Linge, Hitler's valet, administered during Hitler's last week of life. SS physician Ludwig Stumpfegger distributed cyanide capsules to the various military adjutants, secretaries, and staff in the bunker. Doubting the efficacy of the cyanide capsules, Hitler ordered Haase summoned to the Führerbunker to test one on his dog Blondi on 29 April.
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Writer and host Charles Allen investigates the Piprahwa Stupa, a large Buddhist Stupa which is argued to be one of the eight resting places of the Buddha's ashes.The Buddha and Dr Führer, (2008) Charles Allen, Haus Publishing, London In 1898, estate manager and amateur archaeologist W.C. Peppé excavated the stupa, finding a large brick dome with a sarcophagus, or coffer, at the center. Inside were four vessels (three stoneware, one glass) along with about 1600 small jewels and gold pieces — the Piprahwa treasure — all of undetermined age. One of the stoneware vessels — the "Piprahwa reliquary" — contained jewels mixed with ashes and bone.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, Brian was active in television with guest roles in dozens of shows ranging from dramatic to comedic, from CBS's Rawhide to NBC's I Dream of Jeannie. In 1954 and 1955, he portrayed the lead character on the crime drama TV show, Mr. District Attorney. Brian guest starred in an episode of NBC's western series Laramie ("Protective Custody", 1963) as Walt Douglas, an official of the stage line, who arrives seeking his estranged daughter, Alicia, portrayed by Anne Helm. In the Star Trek episode "Patterns of Force" (1968) he portrays John Gill, a figurehead "Führer".
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Hitler insisted that Himmler was "solely responsible" for combating bandits except in districts under military administration; such districts were under the authority of the Wehrmacht. The organisational changes, putting experienced SS killers in charge, and language that criminalised resistance, whether real or imagined, presaged the transformation of security warfare into massacres. The radicalisation of "anti-bandit" warfare saw further impetus in the Führer Directive 46 of 18 August 1942, where security warfare's aim was defined as "complete extermination". The directive called on the security forces to act with "utter brutality", while providing immunity from prosecution for any acts committed during "bandit- fighting" operations.
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The immediate occasion for the beginning of the organized euthanasia of children is considered in the literature to be the so-called case of "Child K". The common name, "Knauer Case", should not be used according to the findings of medical historian, Udo Benzenhöfer.Udo Benzenhöfer: Richtigstellung. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt, Jg. 104, H. 47, 23 November 2007, p. A-3232 In this particular case, the parents submitted a request that their severely disabled child be granted a "mercy killing", the application being received at an unverifiable time before the middle of 1939 at the Office of the Führer (KDF), also known as Hitler's Chancellery.
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Recovering from his wounds, Mustang learns that the Führer King Bradley is also a homunculus and tries to expose him to the top echelons of the military. This move costs Mustang and deprives him of his subordinates - Bradley places Hawkeye, Mustang's adujant, under his command and authorizes the transfer of Mustang's remaining personnel to the far reaches of Amestris. Mustang is later contacted by General Olivier Armstrong, who is intending to join forces with various troops to attack Central City, the capital of Amestris. He then meets up with his subordinates, and the four attack Central's military while Bradley is gone.
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During the first anime, Mustang remains at Eastern Headquarters for the early portions of the series until he is transferred back to Central after Hughes' death. When pursuing the Elrics after the Stone's creation in Liore, Mustang learns that the Führer is a homunculus, and tries to expose him to the top brass of the military by revealing the truth about the Führer's secretary, Juliet Douglas. Although Bradley intends for him to die in combat during the Northern Campaign, Mustang instead stays in Central, making his move to avenge Hughes. Mustang then moves on to the Führer's mansion and stages his fight.
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On 30 June 1934 the SS and Gestapo acted in coordinated mass arrests that continued for two days. The SS took one of its most decisive steps in eliminating its competition for command of security within Germany and established itself firmly in the Nazi hierarchy, making the SS and its intelligence organ, the SD, responsible only to the Führer. The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives, with up to 200 people killed in the action. Moreover, the brutal crushing of the SA and its leadership sent a clear message to everyone that opposition to Hitler's regime could be fatal.
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". In the 1920s and 30s, there were uncountable bars, cafés, and dance halls in Berlin. The most elegant could be found in West Berlin, near the area formed by the Bülowstraße, the Potsdamer Straße, and the Nollendorfplatz, reaching up to the Kurfürstendamm. No doubt, the most famous was Eldorado, that really was two, one on the Lutherstraße, and a second one in the Motzstraße. Curt Moreck (Konrad Haemmerling) described it in 1931, in his Führer durch das „lasterhafte“ Berlin ("Guide through the 'dissolute' Berlin"), as "an establishment of transvestites staged for the morbid fascination of the world metropolis.
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There, they are soon discovered by a scientist named Dr. Hess, who is forced by the Nazis, especially his Gestapo liaison Major Kraus, to create a drug capable of animating corpses to use as living shields on the battlefield. The following day, Kraus, Hess, and squad of Nazi soldiers kill Elsa when she refuses to hand over the puppets and place André under arrest for the treason of insulting of the Führer. Toulon soon escapes with the assistance of Pinhead and Tunnler. Toulon returns to his theater and finds that the stage has been burnt by the Nazis.
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After World War II broke out and the Slovak Republic was formed, he was appointed state secretary for German affairs. In 1939 he spoke out against the Jews, arguing that one could not wait for the state to solve the problem of the anti-German enemies but that the people should take measures themselves. In 1940 he was appointed Führer of the German population in Slovakia. He founded a National Socialist research institute, the Institut für Heimatforschung, in Kežmarok in 1941, whose aim was to strengthen Germanic roots in Slovakia and to collaborate with similar institutes in Prague and Vienna.
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When the KdP moved in a National Socialist direction under Franz Karmasin, Steinhübl stood out as the sole KdP leader that publicly criticized the introduction of the Führer principle (albeit in vague terms). Steinhübl and Karmasin were the two German Party deputies was elected to the Slovak Parliament (Landtag) on 18 December 1938 on the unity list of the Hlinka Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity (HSĽS-SSNJ). He remained a member of the parliament of the Slovak Republic until 1945. On 1 October 1939 he was named inspector for German schools in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Banská Bystrica.
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At the home of Willy Messerschmitt, industrialist and designer of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, Marseille played American Jazz on Messerschmitt's piano in front of Adolf Hitler, party chairman Martin Borman, Hitler's deputy and Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring, head of the SS, Heinrich Himmler and Reich Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels. Hitler purportedly left the room. Magda Goebbels found the prank amusing and Artur Axmann recalled how his "blood froze" when he heard this "Ragtime" music being played in front of the Führer. Later that month Marseille was invited to another party function, despite his earlier stunt.
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The second faction was "Confessing Church" which opposed the "German Christians" and swore allegiance to "God and scripture, not a worldly Führer." The Confessing Church moved to counteract the NS's grouping of all German people into a singular Protestant church (German Christians) in order to 'de-Judaize' Christianity. Jakob Wilhelm Hauer founded the German Faith Movement in response to the Nazi Governments intended indoctrination of children with Christianity and attempting to outlaw all critiques of the faith. Hauer was a critic of traditional Christianity but was compelled to create the German Faith Movement as a way to preserve freedom of conscience.
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The Wolf's Lair (German: Wolfsschanze; Polish: Wilczy Szaniec) was Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in World War II. The complex, which became one of several Führerhauptquartiere (Führer Headquarters) in various parts of Central and Eastern Europe, was built for the start of Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—in 1941. It was constructed by Organisation Todt. The top-secret, high-security site was in the Masurian woods about east of the small East Prussian town of Rastenburg, in present-day Poland. Three security zones surrounded the central complex where the Führer's bunker was located.
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He also attended a Nazi Party Rally at Nuremberg, standing on the dais just a few feet behind the Führer himself. An unquestioning tour of Dachau crowned a period of which he later wrote that he was for a time duped by a combination of his own blindness and the "intensely organized falsehood" that would later be exposed as the engine of the 'New' Germany. In 1936, Burn joined The Times newspaper, initially on probation on the Home Editorial desk. Here he remained until the outbreak of war, with but a brief stint in London as Diplomatic Correspondent.
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From a friend of the Gods, the mighty and the powerful, Heracles is transformed into a champion of the lowest classes, of the exploited, imprisoned, and tortured – a messianic "leader" in the struggle against the terror of the "Führer". The concept of a messianic bearer of hope is by no means unique in Weiss's work. Starting with the coachman in the experimental novel The Shadow of the Body of the Coachman (1952/1959), messianic figures appear repeatedly in Weiss's literary work. That Weiss would continue to be obsessed with such figures after he turned to Marxism in 1964/1965 may seem surprising.
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In January 1939 the newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst brought him and his mother to the United States for a lecture tour.„Führer“-Stammbaum ohne Äste He and his mother were stranded when World War II began. After making a special request to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, William was eventually approved to join the United States Navy in 1944; he relocated to Sunnyside, Queens in New York. William Patrick Hitler was drafted into the United States Navy during World War II as a Pharmacist's Mate (a designation later changed to Hospital Corpsman) until he was discharged in 1947.
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In July 1935 he fled to Nazi Germany and entered the SS camp in Weisshenfeld for military training as a member of the SS-Verfügungstruppe. He returned to Austria following the Anschluss in April 1938 as a full-time SS leader and administrative officer of the SS-section XXXV, Sturmbann III/94 (SS-Führer und Verwaltungsführer des SS-Abschnitts XXXV, Sturmbann III/94). In January 1939 Konrad was appointed SS-Untersturmführer. In November 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, Franz Konrad was convened as a full-time administrative officer of the SS and SS-Oberscharführer der Waffen SS in Warsaw.
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With the appointment of Johannes Stark as president on 1 May 1933, the ideology of National Socialism found its way into the PTR. The convinced advocate of a German Physics terminated diverse research projects on issues of modern physics to which he referred to as "Jewish", among them, in particular, works on quantum physics and on the theory of relativity. Stark also tried to enforce the "Führer principle" (Führerprinzip) at the PTR: in 1935, he dissolved the Kuratorium and took over its competences himself. Jewish employees and critics of the NSDAP (such as Max von Laue) were dismissed.
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The continued military actions against Britain after the fall of France had the strategic goal of making Britain 'see the light' and conduct an armistice with the Axis powers, with July 1, 1940, being named by the Germans as the "probable date" for the cessation of hostilities.Hildebrand 1973, p. 99. On May 21, 1940, Franz Halder, the head of the Army General Staff, after a consultation with Hitler concerning the aims envisaged by the Führer during the present war, wrote in his diary: "We are seeking contact with Britain on the basis of partitioning the world".Hildebrand 1973, p. 96.
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Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler (left) with Poglavnik Ante Pavelić (right) at the Berghof, outside the Berchtesgaden, Germany At the time of the invasion of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler was uneasy with Mussolini's agenda of creating a puppet Croatian state, and preferred that areas outside of Italian territorial aims become part of Hungary as an autonomous territory. This would appease Nazi Germany's ally Hungary and its nationalist territorial claims. Germany's position on Croatia changed after its invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. The invasion was spearheaded by a strong German invasion force which was largely responsible for the capture of Yugoslavia.
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The Boer militants of the Ossebrandwag (OB) were hostile to Britain and sympathetic to Germany. Thus the OB opposed South African participation in the war, even after the Union declared war in support of Britain in September 1939. While there were parallels, neither Van Rensburg nor the OB were genuine fascists, according to van den Berghe. Alexandre Kum'a Ndumbe III, however shows, that OB was "based on the Führer-principle, fighting against the Empire, the capitalists, the communists, the Jews, the party and the system of parliamentarism... on the base of national-socialism" according to a German secret source dated 18 January 1944.
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They deduce that only God has the ability to give life, and as people, they cannot choose whom to give the limited supplies to. Kittel then bursts in, ordering Gens to eliminate every third child in the ghetto families, citing a new dictate from the Führer forbidding the increase of the Jewish race. The selection begins, and Kruk narrates a tale of Gens saving the life of a young boy by giving him to a family with only one child. Gens is distraught after the selection, and Ooma comforts him as he laments his position and the impossible decisions he has made.
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The species name is a Latinised version of the Greek word "dryinos" (δρύῐνος), meaning "related to oak", which refers to one of its main hosts. The original definition of this fungus as Agaricus dryinus was made by Persoon in 1800. In 1871 in his "Führer in die Pilzkunde" ("Guide to mycology"), Paul Kummer introduced Pleurotus as a genus and defined three similar ringed species: Pleurotus corticatus, Pleurotus Albertini and P. dryinus. They were distinguished because only P. corticatus has intertwined ("anastomosing") gills on the stem and P. Albertini is bigger and grows on conifer wood rather than oak.
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Perlasca is sent to the SS-Führer of the station who is easily bribed and thus lets him compile a list of Jews needed by the Spanish Embassy. He cheats with the list and actually calls more people to his truck than it is permitted, except Magda, who isn't on the train. He then visits an Arrow Cross Interrogation base, where he finds a lot of executed Jews but saves those few who survived the torture with Magda among them. Returning to the Embassy, Briz tells him that the Spanish are withdrawing from Hungary and ceasing to operate.
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Fries revised his classification in his 1838 book Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum, placing it in a series—Deformes—in the genus Craterellus. 1897 illustration by Albin Schmalfuss Paul Kummer raised many of Fries' tribi (subgenera) to genus rank in his 1871 work Der Führer in die Pilzkunde, classifying the violet chanterelle in the genus Thelephora. Jacques Emile Doassans and Narcisse Théophile Patouillard placed it in the genus Neurophyllum (also spelt Nevrophyllum) in 1886, removing it from Cantharellus on account of its orange spores. Charles Horton Peck discarded the name in 1887 and returned G. clavatus to Cantharellus.
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Kesselring, The Memoirs of Field Marshal Kesselring, pp. 124–125. Rommel often went directly to Hitler with his needs and concerns, taking advantage of the favoritism that the Führer displayed towards him and adding to the distrust that Kesselring and the German High Command already had of him. According to Scianna, opinion among the Italian military leaders was not unanimous. In general, Rommel was a target of criticism and a scapegoat for defeat rather than a glorified figure, with certain generals also trying to replace him as the heroic leader or hijack the Rommel myth for their own benefit.
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Hitler's Globe photographed by a Soviet cameraman visiting the Reich Chancellery, 1945 The Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders (also known as Hitler's Globe or the Führer Globe) was a globe designed specifically for Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. Made in Berlin in the 1930s, the Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders was located in Hitler's office throughout most of its existence. It became widely known in the United States after comedian Charlie Chaplin parodied it in his 1940 film The Great Dictator. Comedy group The Three Stooges also made fun of it in two of their short subject comedies.
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German occupation of France during World War II. A memorandum written on 14 June 1940 by Stuckart or someone in his vicinity in the Interior Ministry discusses the annexation of certain areas in Eastern France to the German Reich. The document presents a plan to weaken France by reducing the country to its late mediaeval borders with the Holy Roman Empire and replacing the French populace of the annexed territories by German settlers. This memorandum formed the basis for the so-called "north-east line" (also called the "black line" and the "Führer line"Jäckel, E. (1966). Frankreich in Hitlers, Deutsche Vlg. p.
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The plotters got Von Hagen his post at the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, where he was responsible for the courier service between military posts in Berlin and the so-called Führerhauptquartier "Wolfsschanze" (the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's secret military headquarters near Rastenburg in East Prussia). In May 1944, Hagen, together with Joachim Kuhn, arranged for the explosive that was to be used in the attempt on Hitler's life. It was delivered through Hellmuth Stieff to Claus von Stauffenberg, who used it in the attack on the Wolf's Lair on 20 July 1944. Von Hagen was arrested straightaway after the failed attempt to assassinate the Führer.
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It presumably also condemned the Nazis and saved what lives it could from the Nazi genocide as it did in the real world. It ended with their leaders imprisoned, their cities in ruins, their country torn in two, and their Führer dead by suicide on Walpurgis Night. Unwilling to admit defeat, some Nazis chose to escape and they or their descendants have since waged terrorist/guerrilla campaigns becoming Neo-Nazis that still pose a threat to the peace and stability of the world. A good example is Colonol Ottoman taking his Wunderwaffen to Imperial Japan in January 1945.
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Much to Dante's fury, the courts decide that there is insufficient evidence to convict the Führer, and he is released. After moving in with a foster family, a Dutch member of another Brigands chapter attempts to murder Dante with a bomb inside the controller of a remote-controlled toy car on his birthday. Shaken, Dante moves in under the care of Ross again. Dante is drugged by Jennifer Mitchum (the same person that drugged James Adams in The Recruit) and is sent to CHERUB where he befriends Lauren Onions (soon to be changed to Lauren Adams).
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On 1 November 1930, he resigned as Gauleiter of Upper Bavaria due to his other increasing workloads and was succeeded by Adolf Wagner. From 27 April 1930 to 9 December 1932, Reinhardt was a department head in the Reichspropagandaleiter II office in the Party’s national leadership offices at the Brown House in Munich. From 1931 to June 1932 he also worked in the Reich Organization Department II on the staff of Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess. In these years, he served as the chief economic representative of the Party leadership as a member of its National Economic Council.
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Goebbels certainly ensured that Hellsdorf took the blame for Kristallnacht, when he declared "the police act with an appearance of legality, the party provides spectators." The police took orders not to arrest nor to treat too harshly rioters who beat up Jews.T.Thacker, Goebbels: Life and Death, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 By contrast is the case described in Hans Gisevius' book "To the Bitter End", in which Helldorff plays an important role in a circle of conspirators and anti-Nazis. On 20 July 1944, he was in communication with the coup d'état plotters attempting to assassinate the Führer.
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The post of Führer der Unterseeboote (FdU) ("Leader of the U-boats") was the senior commanding officer of U-boat forces in a theatre of war. The submarine service in the Kaiserliche Marine of World War I and the Kriegsmarine of World War II, used the title for several senior commands during those conflicts. It was senior to Flotilla chief (Chef) and was introduced as U-boat forces in an area expanded beyond flotilla size. In 1917 the posts of FdU were themselves subordinated to an overall "Commander of the U-boats" (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote, or BdU).
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A simultaneous landing in Holland near Enkhuizen was to be attempted, using barges to be captured in the small port of Stavoren. As both efforts were unlikely to succeed, the mass of regular divisions was reinforced by the SS-Verfügungsdivision (including SS-Standarten Der Führer, Deutschland and Germania) and Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, which would serve as assault infantry to breach the Dutch fortified positions.Amersfoort (2005), p. 139 Still this added only 1 division to the equation. Panzer I tank, now on display in the German Tank Museum, Munster, Germany (2005) To ensure a victory the Germans resorted to unconventional means.
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159, 160 Al-Qawuqji's sojourn in Germany has been the subject of considerable controversy."Palestinian Arab National Movement, 1929 - 1939: From Riots to Rebellion," by Yehoshua Porath, (London: Cass; 1977), pp. 236, 237 Gilbert Achcar recounts stories of conflicts during his Berlin period: > In his memoirs, he tells how, during his stay in hospital, he came under > heavy pressure from German civilian and military officials to declare his > allegiance to the führer. He even had an altercation with an SS officer who > proffered threats when al-Qawuqji insisted that Germany first formally > acknowledge the Arab's right to independence.
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An 'order from the Führer' stated that the Einsatzgruppen were to execute all Soviet functionaries who were "less valuable Asiatics, Gypsies and Jews". Six months into the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Einsatzgruppen had already murdered in excess of 500,000 Soviet Jews, a figure greater than the number of Red Army soldiers killed in combat during that time. German army commanders cast the Jews as the major cause behind the "partisan struggle". The main guideline for German troops was "Where there's a partisan, there's a Jew, and where there's a Jew, there's a partisan", or "The partisan is where the Jew is".
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In response, Hitler's aide General Rudolf Schmundt told Leeb that he was completely out of line for criticizing the massacres at Kaunas, and should co-operate fully with the SS in "special tasks" in future. Schmundt asked if Leeb really appreciated his monthly payments from Konto 5, and reminded him that his birthday was coming up in September; the Führer was planning to give him a 250,000 Reichsmark cheque as a present to reward his loyalty. Leeb never said a word in protest of the "Final Solution" again, and duly received a 250,000 Reichsmark cheque in September 1941.
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Like its predecessor, Beyond Castle Wolfenstein is a combination action and adventure game with stealth elements. It is set in World War II during Adolf Hitler's rule as Chancellor of Germany. The objective of the game is to traverse all the levels of the secret Berlin bunker where the Führer is holding secret meetings with his senior staff. The player must retrieve a bomb that the operatives have placed inside the bunker and place it outside the door of the room where Hitler is holding his meeting, a scenario bearing a passing resemblance to the July 20 Plot.
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Meissner continued in that post under Ebert's successor, Paul von Hindenburg. When Hitler merged the functions of head of state (the president) and head of government (the chancellor) in August 1934, Meissner's office was renamed the "Presidential Chancellery" and restricted in its responsibilities to representative and formal matters of protocol, while all more political matters were assigned to the Reich Chancellery under the direction of Hans Lammers. On 1 December 1937, Meissner was promoted to Minister of State (Staatsminister) and Chief of the, now again re-named, "Presidential Chancellery of the Führer and Chancellor". He was now equal in rank to a Reichsminister.
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Her husband Karl was at war, though having heard nothing from him in two years, she had long since assumed he was dead. In Gross-Partsch, she stayed with his parents in a house with a large garden. Less than three kilometers away was the Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair), German leader Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in World War II. The complex, which would become one of several Führerhauptquartiere (Führer Headquarters) located in various parts of occupied Europe, was built for the start of Operation Barbarossa - the invasion of the Soviet Union - in 1941. See e.g.
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Pejani's idea was that "the Albanians should be armed, so the end of the war, which was near, didn't find them unprepared and with hands up". In a document sent to the Führer from the position of the President of the Second League of Prizren, he took over to mobilize 120,000 - 150,000 Albanians under Nazi command. The German side would call the numbers "demographically impossible" and Pejani as "abnormal". In 1946, Pejani was captured by the Albanian partisans and handed over to the Yugoslav side after having confessed in 13 pages his actions and beliefs and handed over to Petro Marko.
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He arrived in New York City in late October. In 1944, Heiden published his highly successful biography Der Führer – Hitler's Rise to Power, released by Houghton Mifflin and reprinted by both the US Book of the Month Club and the UK Left Book Club. In the same year, he identified Matvei Golovinski as an author of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.. After the war, Heiden travelled back to West Germany from December 1951 to May 1952. He published several articles and contributions in Süddeutscher Rundfunk and Radio Bremen broadcasts and continued to write for Life magazine.
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SS-VT in full marching order, 1935 Elements of the SS-VT served with the Wehrmacht during the occupation of the Sudetenland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. For those operations, the SS-VT was under the command of the army. The SS-VT also formed an Artillery Regiment during this time-frame which was used to fill the gaps in a number of army units for those events. The SS-VT regiments Deutschland and Germania along with the Leibstandarte participated in the invasion of Poland, with Der Führer (recruited in Austria after the Anschluss) in reserve at Prague.
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MacKenzie's coverage of the British miners' strike in 1984–1985 supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners. The paper was accused of making misleading or even outright false claims about the miners, their unions and leader Arthur Scargill. MacKenzie at one point prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose giving the appearance of him making a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun, regarding it as an attempt at a cheap smear, refused to print it.
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The village now lay in the Canton of Waldmohr, the Arrondissement of Saarbrücken and the Department of Sarre. After the Palatinate’s cession to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816, Glan-Münchweiler was administered by the Landcommissariat of Homburg. In 1920, after the First World War, the Saar passed to France. The Canton of Waldmohr, which belonged to the Bezirksamt of Homburg, and along with it the Bürgermeisterei (“Mayoralty”) of Glan-Münchweiler, was grouped into the Kusel district. In preparation for the Battle of France in the Second World War, the Organisation Todt built a Führer Headquarters in Glan- Münchweiler, called “Waldwiese” (“Glade”).
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By now Hansi is so brainwashed that she condemns the Bible as "outdated" and only fit for "cowards and weaklings". As the war progresses Hansi and other people have to evacuate Prague because the Russians are on their way. Despite other people around her realizing that the war is a lost cause, Hansi remains confident in the Führer. She is sent off to a Russian prisoner camp, where she and other girls have to work in slave labor and become victim of rape, except for Hansi who is too skinny to be taken advantage of by the men.
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Führer Directive No. 46 was issued on 18 August 1942 under the title "Instructions For Intensified Action Against Banditry [Bandenbekämpfung] In The East", marking the radicalisation of so-called anti-partisan warfare. The directive called on the security forces to act with "utter brutality" to achieve "complete extermination" of "gangs", while providing immunity from prosecution for any acts committed during "bandit-fighting" operations. The directive designated the SS as the organisation responsible for rear-area warfare in areas under civilian administration. In areas under military jurisdiction (the Army Group Rear Areas), the Army High Command had the overall responsibility.
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The end of the film shows Dr. Strangelove exclaiming, "Mein Führer, I can walk!" before cutting to footage of nuclear explosions, with Vera Lynn and her audience singing "We'll Meet Again". This footage comes from nuclear tests such as shot BAKER of Operation Crossroads at Bikini Atoll, the Trinity test, a test from Operation Sandstone and the hydrogen bomb tests from Operation Redwing and Operation Ivy. In some shots, old warships (such as the German heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen), which were used as targets, are plainly visible. In others, the smoke trails of rockets used to create a calibration backdrop can be seen.
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One of the reasons for the formation of the German East Africa Company was politics occurring inside Germany. According to the “Kolonialpolitischer Führer”, German Imperialism was conceived in the 1850s when the growth of the economy due to industrialization caused German businessmen to look beyond Germany for business prospects. Later in the century, a newly unified Germany had to take a part in the exploration and expansion overseas if it were to be among the world’s leading imperial powers. Being a large manufacturing country that both bought and sold goods, it had made sure its stake in resources was guarded.
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The Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry ("Adolf-Hitler-Spende der deutschen Wirtschaft") was a donation from the German employers' association and the "Reichsverband" of German industry, which was established on June 1, 1933, to support the NSDAP. It was named after the Führer of the NSDAP Adolf Hitler and was meant for the "national reconstruction" ("nationaler Wiederaufbau"). The inspiration to this project came from Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, the chairman of the Reichsverband der deutschen Industrie, and Martin Bormann. According to Speer, entrepreneurs were requested to contribute in appreciation for their profits from the economic boom.
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The Cologne artist Gunter Demnig laid 13 Stolperstein memorial blocks for victims of National Socialism on the 11 and 12 August in the district of Braunau am Inn. The former "home district of the Führer" was the first district or county in German-speaking Europe to memorialize Nazi victims in this form and on this scale. Gunter Demnig has placed over 20,000 paving stones with the inscription "Hier wohnte" (German for "here lived") in front of the houses of Nazi victims since 1997. However, this occurred mostly in cities and in rural communities the practice remained the exception.
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