1000 Sentences With "formalised" | Random Sentence Generator

The decision is expected to be formalised through a written procedure.

This offers a way to test new regulations before they are formalised.

A recently formalised firm may struggle to survive if regulations are burdensome.

Investments Deutsche AM's investment processes are highly formalised and consistently applied globally.

The upgrade was formalised in a decree published in the government's Official Gazette.

"I don't think there is a clear cut, formalised divestment process," Eusman said.

I formalised the drawing into a line and put a circle around it.

A sclerotic and retrospective set of disjointed processes has formalised into a proper discipline.

However, she declined to give details, saying the accord would be formalised on Wednesday.

Mechanisms to address risk challenges and escalation are formalised and operate effectively, in Fitch's view.

This approach has also been formalised as a way of preventing post-traumatic stress disorder.

Under the formalised racism of apartheid 3.5m blacks were forcibly moved to isolated reservations called "homelands".

The case is not necessarily persuasive, if only because deposit guarantees often just formalised implicit promises.

A fourth source said Patuano's resignation would be formalised within the next two to three days.

In China Xi Jinping this week formalised his absolute command of the Communist Party (see article).

Britain long offered the industry tariff protection, which was formalised by a Commonwealth Sugar Agreement in 1951.

Just as with the rest of the economy, the government would like Ganesha construction to be more formalised.

In this new, formalised set-up, investors decide once and for ever how to divide their financial wealth.

The motion for a preliminary injunction to block Trump's effort that was filed late Thursday formalised that request.

Last week, Zagreb formalised its bid to enter the European Exchange Mechanism (ERM-2), the waiting room for euro adoption.

The company said on Thursday it had formalised a credit agreement with its majority shareholder for up to 25 million euros.

The bank, which formalised a merger with two other lenders last week, blamed lower interest income and higher cost of funds.

Japan has signed a memorandum on search-and-rescue operations with Taiwan, bolstering its maritime security; intelligence-sharing may be formalised next.

This influence has been formalised in the National Intelligence Law of 2017, which requires firms to work with China's one-party state.

The deal, which is expected to be formalised in the coming weeks, comes days after Euronext's attempts to gain control of LCH.

A metals-only exchange that traded mostly copper and tin was formalised in 1877, at the peak of British industry's global clout.

The Trump administration has imposed fresh unilateral sanctions on Iran, saying its missile tests violate the U.N. resolution that formalised the nuclear deal.

Officials vaguely recall a similar system of formalised barter allowing access to the Soviet Union, but can offer no firmer blueprint for now.

This formalised a previously announced plan to gain a stake in a 400,000-bpd refinery and petrochemicals complex in Zhoushan, south of Shanghai.

Undeterred by Donald Trump's election victory in the U.S., Australia has (finally) officially formalised its commitment to the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.

Such a consensus can be formalised in a politically robust fiscal rule, capable of surviving a change of government, as Chile's has also done.

The playground of prime ministers formalised their rules in 21905, and set the standard in trying to control the wild violence of mob sport.

It is possible that, as in past rounds of talks, there are still misunderstandings that will only become apparent as the deal is formalised.

A source in Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte's office said a deal was not expected to be formalised until a meeting of EU commissioners on Wednesday.

The two firms have rarely been so watchful of the other, in a competition that Tencent's Pony Ma says has been "formalised in our country".

His stratagem was to concede a referendum on independence, but to defer it for ten years—a deal formalised in the Matignon Accords of 1988.

Japan Display said in a statement Harvest had formalised its decision to inject nearly $500 million, including the $100 million investment from the unidentified customer.

"Following discussions with Airbus, Qantas has now formalised its decision not to take eight additional A380s that were ordered in 2006," a Qantas spokesman said.

Months before his death, Heydrich had chaired the Wannsee conference near Berlin which formalised plans for the killing of all Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe.

This made applying for jobs a more "formalised process", says Eileen Lavery of the Equality Commission, to make the workforce more representative of the population.

Over 16 weeks they must acquaint themselves with some of the most formalised parts of economics, including Houthakker's Axiom, the Slutsky matrix and Afriat's Theorem.

Moves were constrained by caution over the trade deal, given Beijing and Washington have still not formalised the finer details of what will actually be signed.

The operators would invest in new and existing phone masts they would all share under the proposal, which the government hopes will be formalised early next year.

That protection scheme will now be removed, Stefano said, adding that the decision will be formalised at a vote in the Senate industry committee later on Monday.

More formalised support from PAT, such as a full guarantee on all financial liabilities, could trigger an upgrade of TS's ratings, leading to rating equalisation with PAT.

A looming power that is yet to be formalised into law but may become increasingly crucial is "bulk equipment interference," a term used to reference mass hacking.

Speaking to Reuters, Azzam Shawwa, governor of the soon-to-be-formalised Palestinian central bank, said the EBRD's financing model and policy advice would be the main benefit.

A senior official in Afghan President Ashraf Ghani's office said Ghani was reluctant to send a delegation to meet the Taliban before the U.S.-Taliban deal is formalised.

This was formalised into a panel of 20, which submitted daily estimates of their borrowing costs for up to five currencies and seven maturities of up to a year.

Bollywood has become more formalised since it gained "industry status" in 2001, allowing banks to lend to it (as opposed to gangsters and sundry businessmen seeking glamour or legitimacy).

Read more: Facebook's Libra cryptocurrency plan just got formalised, but a quarter of its backers have now dropped outThe Association's 21 remaining members include Facebook, Spotify, Uber and Lyft.

A more formalised over-the-counter market has started to develop, with players such as Cumberland, an arm of Chicago-based DRW, and Goldman Sachs-backed Circle growing rapidly.

As a result of the strained relations, formalised annual meetings in the so-called Joint Committee between officials from Nuuk, Copenhagen and Washington have been on standby since 2014.

More formalised support from the province, such as an explicit guarantee on all financial liabilities, could trigger a positive action on PDT's ratings, leading to a rating equalisation with PAT.

Mr Sobyanin, who took office in 2010, quickly cleared out the informal street vendors; last December, the city council ordered a list of formalised pavilion owners to shut down, too.

The decision, which is due to be formalised by EU finance ministers in a meeting on Friday, will remove from the list the only EU territories that are currently on it.

"Its encouraging for all stakeholders in the mining industry that Tanzania and Barrick have formalised an agreement and have started a new chapter in the country," said an AngloGold Ashanti spokesman.

Their stand influenced his writings on freedom of conscience, which were to form the foundation for English liberalism, and the Toleration Act of 1689, which formalised the legal acceptance of nonconformist sects.

It will be a low level and it would make possible the declaration of assets and stimulate businesses to get formalised, especially the mid-sized and big ones to access capital markets.

South Korea's government approved legislation earlier this year that will allow trading companies to blend fuels at the country's oil terminals, although technical aspects and guidelines needed for implementation are still being formalised.

There were also fillips for ordinary Taiwanese, such as allowing them to seek help from Chinese consulates when travelling—something that has happened on occasion in the past but has now been formalised.

"Forfeiture of the lease in these circumstances was not an option we were considering for customers unable to pay the rent and this approach has now been formalised by the government", Landsec said.

Last year marked the bicentenary of Gurkhas entering the British Army, and this year is the 200th anniversary of the ratification of the Treaty of Segauli, which formalised diplomatic relations between Britain and Nepal.

Russia's insistent provocations also explain NATO's plans to station around 5,000 more troops in the Baltic states, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania, a decision likely to be formalised at a summit in Warsaw in July.

Widodo has vowed to return 12.7 million hectares of land to indigenous and rural communities nationwide, following a 2013 ruling that removed such land from state control and formalised local peoples' rights over them.

When Glen Weyl, an economist who works for Microsoft, characterises the calculation debate as "basically an argument about computational complexity before Alan Turing formalised the concept 24 years later" he is hardly being anachronistic.

Its proposal would entail formalised supervisory co-operation between British and EU regulators, procedures to discuss changes to rules on either side, and a dispute-settlement mechanism for when one party threatens to withdraw equivalence.

However, Crowell was also critical of draft rules proposed in December by the technology ministry but yet to be formalised, which, if enforced, will impose rules on social media companies such as Twitter and Facebook.

"We are continuously considering measures to strengthen competitiveness of our steel business and we will announce any decisions when they are formalised," it said, adding that no decisions have been made on the reported matter.

Under the terms of last night's agreement, the EU has formalised previous assurances on the controversial Northern Ireland backstop, as well as allowed the United Kingdom the right to seek independent arbitration on exiting it.

ADCB, which formalised a merger with two other lenders last week, has been falling since it posted a 5 percent drop in first-quarter profit last week, blaming lower interest income and higher cost of funds.

Conversely, more formalised support by the central government through a first-demand guarantee on all IDC's financial liabilities or other formal support mechanisms conducive to stronger legal links with the sponsor could lead to positive rating action.

The issue has stirred up debate in the Solomons concerning its new relationship with China, which was formalised in September following the Pacific island nation's decision to sever its diplomatic ties with Taiwan in favour of Beijing.

Facebook's Libra cryptocurrency plan just got formalised, but a quarter of its backers have now dropped outFacebook's Libra is the US's best shot at beating China to become the dominant digital currency for emerging economies, analyst says

Britain's Parliament has been bicameral since the 14th century, when the early lawmaking bodies formalised by the Magna Carta separated into a House of Commons for local representatives and a House of Lords consisting of nobility and clergy.

The short visit of a few hours comes a day after Manama formalised an agreement with Kuwait made last year for financial aid to support the Bahraini economy as part of an assistance package with other Gulf neighbours.

Partly in order to sort these things out, in 2017 the UN's Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons formalised its earlier discussions of the issues by creating a group of governmental experts (GGE) to study the finer points of autonomy.

And in the 1930s, Branch Rickey, an innovative major-league general manager, formalised this hierarchy by consolidating control of several minor-league clubs at different levels and using them exclusively for the purpose of developing talent for his MLB roster.

Suri said that in contrast to past "big bang" rollouts of older mobile equipment cycles, 22016G will require plenty of equipment upgrades to occur before some of the key 25G standards are expected to be formalised in 22018 and 25.

The spokeswoman said that the decisions to establish the European Central Bank in Frankfurt and the EBA in London were taken in agreement with Luxembourg and as an exception to its role, formalised in 1965, as one of the EU's seats.

TOKYO, July 12 (Reuters) - Japan Display Inc said on Friday Chinese investment firm Harvest Group had formalised its decision to fill the shortfall to reach an 80 billion yen ($738 million) bailout deal, having secured a $100 million investment from a JDI customer.

The pedagogical approach was formalised in the late 19th century by Christopher Columbus Langdell, a dean of Harvard Law School, who developed what became the practice of deciphering a vast number of appellate decisions to understand what were perceived to be scientific principles and logic.

In a call with Monzo co-founder and CEO Tom Blomfield, who confirmed the secondary investment, he said it also points to a new formalised arrangement the challenger bank is introducing regards how it plans to let long-term employees sell shares in future.

In Fitch's view, this should over the medium term be addressed by the bank's focus on the larger, more formalised borrower segments, and development in automated channels, provided the bank is able to gain enough economies of scale to offset the lower margins on such exposures.

This is more or less the same path being trodden by South Africa's miners, as they attempt to limit the amount of equity they have to transfer to black investors under laws aimed at reversing decades of formalised racial discrimination that ended in 1994 with the first democratic elections.

Given that the three-month Brexit extension has not yet been formalised, lawmakers are unlikely to agree for a snap election on Monday, with another vote possibly being held later in the week or next week, said Athanasios Vamvakidis, global head of G10 FX strategy at Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

The demerger, which could be formalised by the end of this year, will see Covent Garden trading as an independent retail-focused Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) led by Ian Hawksworth, while a separate development company would be created around the Earls Court estate under the leadership of Gary Yardley.

The gap in the paid-in capital will be covered with the bank's reserves, Hoyer said, while the hole in the callable capital would be filled proportionally by the 27 remaining governments of the EU. A deal on filling the gap has been reached at technical level to address the shortfall but it needs to be formalised by EU finance ministers.

The move essentially formalised the secondary share dealing that already happens — typically as part of a Series C or other later rounds — which often sees founders take some money off the table so they can improve their own financial situation and won't be tempted to sell their company too soon, but also gives early investors a way out so they can begin the cycle all over again.

Her appointment comes after Norman Eisen and Richard Painter, two ethics lawyers, expressed concern in a letter to Donald McGahn, counsel of the White House, "about the highly unusual and inappropriate arrangement that is being proposed for Ivanka Trump, the President's daughter, to play a formalised role in the White House without being required to comply with the ethics and disclosure requirements that apply to White House employees".

Hanging across a massive installed wall, "Formalised Organisation Idea Painting (whiteboard) canvas: Zappos City Planning/Mural Inside GCHQ," paired together with a large-scale freestanding architectural model, presumably of Zappos corporate headquarters, strived to translate the bleed-through between the public-private sectors and corporate governance — all of which are particularly ominous in the context of Detroit, a city approaching peak velocity for corporate takeover, with billionaires like Dan Gilbert (Quicken Loans) and Mike Ilitch (Little Caesers) literally reshaping the face of the neighborhoods, one futuristic maquette at a time.

This was finally formalised in April 1942 with the merger of both institutions.

Barclays ushered in the age of formalised commerce by opening the first commercial bank.

The Australian takeover of New Guinea was formalised by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

During and following the Edo period, the mythology and lore of became more defined and formalised.

In the same year the cooperation talks were formalised and intensified, leading to the foundation of the Christian Union.

The is a traditional Japanese system of martial arts and etiquette, formalised and handed down by the Ogasawara clan.

The modern locality of Moonta Mines was established in January 1999, when boundaries were formalised for the long established name.

75 then to describe all its inhabitants. It has since been formalised within the administration and promotion of the region.

Victorian Trades Hall, former headquarters of the NUS NUS' national structure is formalised into both a National Executive and State Branches.

Temple Thurston's marriage did not last. The couple separated when he moved out in 1907, and their divorce was formalised in 1910.

With the fall of the Julio-Claudian dynasty in AD 68, the principate became more formalised under the Emperor Vespasian from AD 69 onwards.

He was the only leadership candidate advocating for a second referendum. He withdrew on 10 June, the day that candidatures were to be formalised.

These lineages were formalised into the rank Domain (regio in Latin) which divided Life into 3 domains: the Eukaryota, the Archaea and the Bacteria.

On the same day, Hollway and his supporters formalised their grouping, forming the Electoral Reform League to run as a party in the December election.

The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013. This set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu. For each island, either its English or Māori name can be used, or both can be used together.

A quasi-alliance is formed through a tacit agreement as opposed to being established by a formal agreement. Therefore, they are not formalised as the alliance is instead implied. Therefore, the alliance itself may also be tacit, though it is also possible for them to exist in ad hoc. Because the management of the alliance cannot rely on formalised agreements, those involved must rely on mutual expectations.

The North and South Island names arose through common usage rather than official declaration and in 2009 it was revealed that they had never been formalised. In 2013, alternative names were formalised for the two main islands, as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu, with either English or Māori name being used or a combination of both.

The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013. This set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu. For each island, either its English or Māori name can be used, or both can be used together.

The channel system in the upstream catchment consists of both lined open channels and pipes. The formalised channel in the downstream catchment extends from the M4 Freeway to the Hill Road Bridge. The natural channel downstream of Hill Road extends to Homebush Bay. The formalised channel is owned by Sydney Water, while the natural channel is the responsibility of the NSW Roads and Maritime Services.

Price 1977, p. 20. On 3 January 1935, they formalised the contract with a new specification, F10/35, written around the aircraft.Price 1999, pp. 16, 17.

An area incorporating Feltre and 12 contiguous municipalities is known as . In 2014, the Feltrino area was formalised in the Unione Montana Feltrina (Feltrino Mountain Community).

27 tab. 1, 71–72. an Irishwoman whose marriage to Guðrøðr Óláfsson was formalised in 1176/1177, about the time of Óláfr's birth.McDonald (2007b) pp. 71–72.

Through the darker centuries, it became popular with occultists like Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Pico della Mirandola and Eliphas Levi before being formalised in popular new-age magic.

By 1807 a triangular layout had been formalised (relating to the existing layout of plots) and a guard house had been built next to Government House's main entrance.

The pre-Norman Cantref of Rhos was a Medieval administrative division, which became the Hundred of Roose and was formalised by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542.

Marsden's children Ann, Elizabeth and Charles Simeon Marsden. Thomas Hassall then formalised the Sunday school movement with “requirements and rules” established and printed for the guidance of teachers.

The Asturian anthem Asturias, patria querida (Asturias, beloved fatherland), which was a popular song adopted as the region's anthem and formalised by Ley 1/1984, de 27 de Abríl.

Until this point, affinities had been largely formalised by those laid out in the "Table of kindred and affinity" in the Anglican (Church of England) Book of Common Prayer.

This peace agreement was adopted with the Treaty of Breslau, which ended the First Silesian War on 11 June 1742, and was later formalised in the Treaty of Berlin.

He presided over the council until his death in 1898. The role of the Lukiiko was then formalised during the formation of the confederacy of Busoga in July 1906.

After several other successes in local council elections, the coalition was formalised as an "Alliance" in 1954.Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 124, 135. In 1954, state elections were held.

Birdsville was originally known as Diamantina Crossing from 1881. but by 1882, the current name was in common use and was formalised at the proclamation of the town in 1887.

His widow married Henry Rose (1820–1906), who is buried at Mogo. Cecilia’s father, Richard Henry Barling, who was a free overseer, formalised his conditional purchase of portion 5 in 1852.

It was renewed and formalised by a national festival in 1643 for his feast day (25 July) by Philip IV of Spain. It was abolished in 1808 by the Bayonne Statute.

Prior to the BSA92, a framework for special event licensing had been in place, but the process had been formalised under the BSA92 and comprehensive guidelines were soon developed and implemented.

Another long term collaboration although less formalised is the collective Forest Camp, which was formed in 1998. Forest Camp functions as a think tank for immaterial work and temporary public interventions.

As far as I'm concerned, it is extremely difficult for a composer to limit a musical intention to formalised and verbalised procedures, because aesthetic effect is more valuable than technical skill.

As the district became more densely settled a town was needed further south than Liverpool. Campbelltown was formally established in 1820 and named in honour of Elizabeth Macquarie's maiden name, Campbell. In 1826 the town plan was formalised. As the district became more densely settled a town was needed further south than Liverpool. Campbelltown was formally established in 1820 and named in honour of Elizabeth Macquarie's maiden name, Campbell. In 1826 the town plan was formalised.

The syndrome was first fully formalised and described by Dutch ophthalmologist and geneticist Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (1886–1979) in 1951. The condition he described is now categorised as Waardenburg syndrome type 1.

Prior to the BSA92, a framework for licensing aspirant community broadcasters had been in place, but the process had been formalised under the BSA92 and comprehensive guidelines were soon developed and implemented.

A Q&A; document was formalised in July 2020 where the public asked questions of the developers and responses were formally recorded. Local residents are almost unanimously opposed to development of the site.

Toora is a satellite locality of Murray Bridge in South Australia. Its boundaries were formalised in 2000. It was named for the Toora Irrigation Area on the west bank of the Murray River.

Therefore, they are a relatively recent structure in the Chinese architectural history. However, they became increasingly intricate and formalised, and were in later periods a standard item of interior decoration in formal buildings.

While the roots of formalised logic go back to Aristotle, the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of modern logic and formalised mathematics. Frege's Begriffsschrift (1879) introduced both a complete propositional calculus and what is essentially modern predicate logic. His Foundations of Arithmetic, published 1884, expressed (parts of) mathematics in formal logic. This approach was continued by Russell and Whitehead in their influential Principia Mathematica, first published 1910–1913, and with a revised second edition in 1927.

This is a list of seasons played by Moseley Rugby Football Club in English rugby from 1972, the year of the first formalised English rugby union club competition, to the most recent completed season.

At present, only Deutsche Bahn has applied for use of the line and in 2009 regulations were relaxed to allow its trains to use the Channel Tunnel. Other proposals are yet to be formalised.

A memorandum of agreement was signed between the Navy and the Air Force on 24 June 2020 which formalised the transition, however the Air Force did not officially take control until 1 October 2020.

It was not until 1744 that cricket's first formalised Laws were written.Altham, p. 25. This syndrome was also evident in football until the FA was founded, especially re the question of handling the ball.

Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 104–105. Cooperative operations between the two services was formalised under the Joint Force Harrier (JFH) command organization, which was brought about following the 1998 Strategic Defence Review.Jefford et al.

While religion is often formalised and community-oriented, spirituality tends to be individually based and not as formalised. In a 2014 study, 320 children, ages 8–12, in both public and private schools, were given a Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire assessing the correlation between spirituality and happiness. Spirituality – and not religious practices (praying, attending church services) – correlated positively with the child's happiness; the more spiritual the child was, the happier the child was. Spirituality accounted for about 3–26% of the variance in happiness.

The Indian Workers' Association (Hindustani Mazdoor Sabha) has its foundations in London in the 1930s and was formalised in Coventry by immigrant workers from India. It was formalised on 24 December 1939 at 46 Welgarth Avenue, Coventry and its first President was Chanan Kooner. Shaheed Udham Singh, a member of the famous Ghadar Party also facilitated the founding of the Indian Workers Association by his activities in London. The aim of the IWA was to liberating India and worked with the India League in this endeavour.

The new standard also made the term "Teletext" generic, describing any such system. The standard was internationalised as World System Teletext (WST), formalised as an international standard by CCIR in 1986 as CCIR Teletext System B.

Osborne (1994), p. 24 Sihanouk's appointment as king was formalised the following day by the Cambodian Crown Council,Jeldres (2005), p. 294. and his coronation ceremony took place on 3 May 1941.Jeldres (2003), p. 54.

Two years after the end of the First World War, the shot-gun marriage ended. On 20 July 1920 Prince Friedrich's divorce was formalised in Budapest.Martha Schad, Stephanie von Hohenlohe. Hitlers jüdische Spionin, Herbig 2012, s.

Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. The theory itself was originally formalised by Belgian Catholic priest, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics Georges Lemaître.

Tenure but not ownership was formalised with a legal framework using usufruct to give farmers rights on a profit-sharing basis to the products produced from the land, but not ownership rights to the land itself.

This was formalised by the Treaty of London. In 1915, Italy entered the war joining the Triple Entente (i.e. the Allies).C.J. Lowe, "Britain and Italian Intervention 1914-1915." Historical Journal (1969) 12#3 533-548.

Woodward, HB (1876). The Geology of England and Wales. Longmans, Green & Co, London; pp.286-291. This stratigraphy was later formalised by FW Harmer, who grouped them all into an Icenian faunal zone of the Pliocene.

This was an arrangement with one of the peers at the time (information needed) who peered at more than one Australian peering fabric. Similar arrangements were formalised in the eastern states with the formation of AusBone.

Prior to the BSA92, a framework for Narrowband Area Services licensing had been in place as Limited Broadcasting Licences, but the process had been formalised under the BSA92 and comprehensive guidelines were soon developed and implemented.

2011 the Namibia Statistics Agency was formalised on the basis of the Statistics Act, 20 (Act No 9 of 2011) after it had already existed for several years. It reports to the National Planning Commission (NPC).

The alliance was sealed with the marriage of Austrian princess Marie Antoinette to the French Dauphin, who later became King Louis XVI. The alliance was formalised with the signing of the First Treaty of Versailles in 1756.

The Treaty of Falaise of 1174 formalised a rather coercive peace between the two countries.McCord (1998), pp. 34–35. Indeed, it was around this time that the ancient counties which made up modern Cumbria came into existence.

The British began to send large financial subsidies to support their ally. On 11 April 1758, both states concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention, which formalised their alliance. Neither side would make peace without consulting the other.Dull p.

The festival started as an informal social event based on the consumption of oysters, drinking and dancing and was formalised into a food festival in 2006 when it was also expanded to include other types of food.

From 1921, the country had negotiated the Little Entente with Romania and Czechoslovakia in the face of Hungarian designs on its territory, and after a decade of bilateral treaties, had formalised the arrangements in 1933. This had been followed the next year by the Balkan Entente of Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey, aimed at thwarting Bulgarian aspirations. Throughout this period, the Yugoslav government had sought to remain good friends with France, seeing her as a guarantor of European peace treaties. This was formalised through a treaty of friendship signed in 1927.

The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea, or Golden Bull. This resolution produced mixed responses. Although some chroniclers felt that John had been humiliated by the sequence of events, there was little public reaction.Turner, pp. 133–134.

Prior to the BSA92, a framework for Low Power Open Narrowcasting Services licensing had been in place as Limited Broadcasting Licences, but the process had been formalised under the BSA92 and comprehensive guidelines were soon developed and implemented.

His country estate of Woodhead now forms Woodhead Park, gifted to Kirkintilloch in the early 20th century and formalised as a park in 1931. The Dalrymple Fountain on Industry Street in Kirkintilloch was also gifted to the town.

Sewell and Ross give contradictory details of the share conversion. The acquisition was formalised by Act of Parliament of 18 July 1872.Sewell says 1 February but that must refer to a shareholders' meeting or other internal decision.

Stonyhurst Association Stonyhurst: information on the Association 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008 This was formalised in 1985, when the Association was granted charitable status by the Charity Commission. It also supports charities connected to the school including Eagle Aid.

Today, the city is a popular tourist attraction, especially for international visitors from America, Germany, France and China. In 2017, York became UK's first human rights city, which formalised the city's aim to use human rights in decision making.

Dragon One Entertainment Group (DOEG) manages a private investment fund that targets motion pictures projects in Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. The private investment fund will be formalised to enable a higher number of accredited investors to invest.

27 tab. 1, 71–72; McNamee (2005). an Irishwoman whose marriage to Guðrøðr Óláfsson was formalised (at about the time of Óláfr's birth) in 1176/1177,McDonald (2007b) pp. 71–72. Rǫgnvaldr's mother appears to have been another Irishwoman named Sadbh.

The logic of argumentation (LA) is a formalised description of the ways in which humans reason and argue about propositions. It is used, for example, in computer artificial intelligence systems in the fields of medical diagnosis and prognosis, and research chemistry.

The right of the Dominions to set their own foreign policy was recognised in 1923 and formalised by the 1931 Statute of Westminster. (Southern) Ireland effectively broke all ties with Britain in 1937, leaving the Commonwealth and becoming an independent republic.

The Catherine wheels on the banner were taken from the Armorial Bearings granted to him by the College of Arms. The crest beneath the banner includes the seven-pointed Australian Commonwealth Star and a formalised representation of West Australian Xanthorrhoea.

Talks and guided walks were conducted and field guides planned. The group was soon formalised under the leadership of Steven Neo who brought forth the first guidebook on local butterflies.Neo, Steven Say Hian (1996). A guide to the butterflies of Singapore.

On 3 October 2013, the Union Cabinet of India approved the creation of the new State of Telangana. On 2 June 2014 the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee issued a gazette notification which formalised the separation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh.

Projectiles used in such sports are highly varied. Common projectile types include balls, darts, sticks, discs and rings. Formalised throwing sports often have strictly defined criteria for projectiles, such as a pre-determined size and weight.IAAF CERTIFICATES - Certified Competition Throwing Implements.

The present boundaries were formalised in May 1999. They straddle the boundary of the Hundred of Cunningham and Hundred of Maitland. The principal industry is farming, in particular growing cereal grain and sheep. A Wesleyan Chapel was erected in 1879.

Today, France claims ownership of the land on which both churches and the entire monastery are standing under the Ottoman capitulations and further it claims this has been formalised by the Fischer-Chauvel Agreement of 1948, which has not been ratified by Israel.

Anne-Sylvaine Chassany, Bloomberg News. 25 March 2008.AREVA in Niger . Areva press release (January 2009) Despite the 2007 awarding of nearly 100 prospecting contracts to firms other than Areva, the high profile Chinese and Canadian projects were in 2009 not yet formalised.

A more ambitious Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 was enacted by the Scottish Parliament which formalised the Scottish tradition of unhindered access to open countryside, provided that care is taken not to cause damage or interfere with activities including farming and game stalking.

313, 363–364; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 78–81. Although the chronicle specifically states that Findguala was Óláfr svarti's mother, and that he had been born before his parent's formalised marriage,McDonald (2019) p. 60; Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) p. 146; Flanagan (2010) p.

Once re-established on Mann, Magnús entered into an alliance with Ua Briain, formalised through the marriage between Magnús's young son, Sigurðr, and Ua Briain's daughter, Bjaðmunjo.Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) pp. 146–147; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 239–240; Duffy (2002) pp.

This appears to be due to the pre-existence of the kitchen, which may (along with a previous attached timber building) have been built at 90 degrees to a dirt road that had altered when the road was later formalised with stone gutters.

Immediately after being crowned mansa, Mari Djata instituted a universal constitution for all subjects of his new state called the Kouroukan Fouga. At a site just outside the town of Kangaba, he formalised the government and established the Gbara or Great Assembly.

The End of Amateurism in American Track and Field, pg. 239. University of Illinois Press. . Retrieved on 2015-02-26. The launch of the IAAF Grand Prix in 1985 formalised the major track and field circuit as a professional series of point-scoring events.

Pepper project – namely, a nostalgic look back at the band members' childhoods in northern England. McCartney has said that this was never planned or formalised as an album-wide concept, but acknowledged that it served as a "device" or underlying theme throughout the project.

He pointed out that "For the writer of The Satanic Verses, which was extremely rude about England, it's certainly unusual [to be so honoured]." Rushdie was ultimately knighted in an investiture ceremony on 25 June 2008 which formalised his standing as a Knight Bachelor.

The Province of Carolina was founded in 1663. With the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, renaming it New York. This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War, in exchange for Suriname.

Flanders stayed under Spanish control. Through the efforts of the French king Louis XIV, the entire southern part of Flanders was annexed by France, and became known as South-Flanders or French Flanders. This situation was formalised in 1678 at the Treaty of Nijmegen.

In 1810 Gilliland collaborated on The Rival Princes, a response to the attacks published in Clarke's name.Breashears 2012 p.17 In 1816 the Prince of Wales, now Prince Regent, granted Gilliland an annuity of £400, formalised by a contract of June 1817.Breashears 2012 p.

After reestablishing himself on Mann, Magnús entered into a marital alliance with Muirchertach formalised through the marriage between Magnús's young son, Sigurðr, and Muirchertach's young daughter, Bjaðmunjo.Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) pp. 146–147; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 239–240; Bracken (2004); Duffy (2002a) pp.

He formalised his role as doctor of the village in 1767. In this small rural community he had ample free time to devote himself to the study of nature. In 1779 aged 49, he married Elizabeth Galton (d.1820), daughter of John Galton of Shapwick.

152 The interest of the States of Holland formalised the defensive Union of Utrecht with its eastern and northern neighbour provinces on 23 January 1579. The treaty is often called the "constitution" of the Dutch Republic, providing an explicit framework for the budding Confederation.

Its parish, which was not formalised until at least 1839, encompassed an area described by the Manchester Courier in 1900 as J. M. W. Turner sketched the tower of St John's and two nearby church spires in 1831. The sketch is in the Tate's collection.

Indeed, late in 1971 the British and Rhodesian Governments had negotiated a compromise political settlement which would have bowed to the Smith Government's agenda of postponing majority rule into the indefinite future. Nevertheless, when it was found that such a delayed approach to majority rule was unacceptable to most of Rhodesia's African population, the deal fell apart. In 1971, Rhodesia joined Alcora Exercise, a secret defensive alliance for Southern Africa, formalised in 1970 by Portugal and South Africa. Alcora formalised and deepened the political and military co-operation between the three countries against the revolutionary insurgency in Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique and South West Africa and against the hostile neighbouring countries.

The ANC government formalised their stance on the issue in 1998-1999, when they declared that they would not support a Volkstaat, but would do everything they could to ensure the protection of the Afrikaner language and culture, along with the other minority cultures in the country.

Similarities between the Isthmian script and Early Maya script of the Pacific coast suggest that the two systems developed in tandem.Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 225. By about AD 250, the Maya script had become a more formalised and consistent writing system.Kettunen and Helmke 2008, p. 10.

Other financial contributors to the college include the Khoo, Lee, Shaw and Hong Leong Foundations, and Airbus Industries. In the same year, an agreement was formalised with Australia's RMIT University for its bachelor's degree in Fine Arts to be awarded to graduates of LASALLE's Fine Arts programme.

25 March 2008.AREVA in Niger . Areva press release (January 2009) Despite the awarding of nearly 100 prospecting contracts to firms other than Areva in 2007, the high-profile Chinese and Canadian projects were not yet formalised as of 2009.Areva feels uranium mining heat in Niger.

The boundaries of the Port Phillip District were not settled until 1 July 1843, when a proclamation formalised the border as running from Cape Howe, to the nearest source of the Murray River, and then along the course of the Murray to the border with South Australia.

She formalised the renouncement to her seat in the Assembly of Madrid on 13 July 2018, as she had been appointed by the Council of Ministers presided by Pedro Sánchez as the new Government Delegate for Gender Violence. She was sworn into office on 24 July 2018.

The transaction for the A350 XWBs was formalised late that year in a deal worth billion. The handover of the first A350 XWB was due to take place in 2015. Delivery has been delayed by three years, with the first aircraft to enter the fleet in 2018.

It was eventually formalised in 1891 by the International Rugby Football Board that field goals (classed as any other goals) would be worth 4 points. However, in 1905 both the IRFB and Rugby Football Union (RFU) abolished the field goal as a valid method of scoring.

The modern locality of Ninnes was established in 1998 when boundaries were formalised for "the long established local name". An additional area within Wakefield Regional Council was added to the locality in 2000, but removed and added to Lochiel in 2007 following requests from local residents.

No work was allowed on Sundays and holidays. Possibly this formalised what was probably already common practice in many places. The same decree specified that the parishioners should provide the necessary church vessel, books, vestments. The bell was to be rung three times to announce the Mass.

Furthermore, it was agreed that the Duke of Alva would leave the Netherlands, thereby reducing tensions. These provisions were formalised in the Convention of Bristol in August 1574. The Nymegen treaty was signed by Elizabeth I and representatives of the Spanish commander, the Duke of Alva.

Kootaberra is a locality in the Far North region of South Australia. It spans the Stuart Highway about north of Port Augusta. The boundaries were formalised on 26 April 2013, but the name had been used long before that for the Kootaberra Station pastoral run (sheep station).

Qatar donated to Japan after the earthquake in March 2011. In addition to providing natural gas shipments to the country, Qatar also hosted a high-profile football charity match in order to raise funds. This support was also formalised through the establishment of the Qatar Friendship Fund.

These princelings nominally owed allegiance to the Norwegian crown, although in practice the latter's control was fairly limited.Hunter (2000) p. 78 Norse control of the Hebrides was formalised in 1098 when Edgar of Scotland formally signed the islands over to Magnus III of Norway.Hunter (2000) p.

Another is that a man named Burt established a store and called it Burtsville which corrupted to Birdsville. Whatever its origin, by 1882, the name Birdsville was in common use. The name was adopted in the 1885 survey and was formalised at the proclamation of town in 1887.

This period was marked by further development of the positive law and judicial independence. After Miloš, his son Mihailo came to power. He used the Serbo-Turkish War of 1862 to limit the executive and legislative power, but not the judiciary. The judicial procedure was formalised in this period.

Johann Elert Bode converted its name to Latin as Quadrans Muralis and shrank the constellation a little in his 1801 Uranographia star atlas, to avoid it clashing with neighboring constellations. In 1922, Quadrans Muralis was omitted when the International Astronomical Union (IAU) formalised its list of officially recognized constellations.

129; Oram (2000) p. 43. Once re-established on Mann, Magnús may well have seized control of Dublin before entering into an alliance with Muirchertach, formalised through the marriage between Magnús's young son, Sigurðr, and Muirchertach's daughter, Bjaðmunjo.Ní Mhaonaigh (2018) pp. 146–147; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp.

The first recorded mention of Worton was in a document of 1173. Worton (and neighbouring Marston) were tithings of Potterne parish. In 1852, after Christ Church at Worton was consecrated, the tithings became a chapelry of Potterne. Worton and Marston later became separate civil parishes, formalised in 1894.

The kundiman emerged as an art song at the end of the 19th century and by the early 20th century, its musical structure was formalised by Filipino composers such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo; they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music in equal parts.

Lyttelton was formerly called Port Cooper (after Daniel Cooper) and Port Victoria. It was the original settlement in the district (1850). The name Lyttelton was formalised by the governor in 1858 in honour of George William Lyttelton of the Canterbury Association, which had led the colonisation of the area.

Hart is a locality in the Mid North region of South Australia. The boundaries were formalised in January 2000 for the long established name for the area. There was a railway siding at Hart on the Gladstone railway line. The major industry in the area is cereal crop growing.

Under this devolution processHaut Commissariat à la Réforme Administrative: loi N°2002-016 bis du 11 une 2002. formalised in the 1999 Constitution of Niger, the CUN contains five "Urban Communes" and no "Rural Communes". As all Nigerien Urban Communes, they are divided into Quarters ("Quartiers") with elected boards.

In 1998 the boundaries of contemporary Bute were formalised. Bute East, Bute South, Bute West and Mona were all absorbed along with a huge swathe of surrounding farmland to form the new bounded locality of Bute, which occupies approximately the south-eastern two thirds of the Hundred of Wiltunga.

On 5 July 2001, this arrangement was formalised in a Memorandum of Understanding that established the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA). The JPDA covered the same area as the Zone of Cooperation. This agreement was incorporated into Australian law in the Timor Gap Treaty (Transitional Arrangements) Act 2000 (Cth).

Alistair Boddy- Evans. African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa, About.com. Retrieved 5 June 2007. The first grand apartheid law was the Population Registration Act of 1950, which formalised racial classification and introduced an identity card for all persons over the age of 18, specifying their racial group.

It was musician Louis Bouteiller who succeeded him at Saint-Julien. His commitment to Saint-Pierre is formalised on 26 January.AD Sarthe : G 494, 26 January 1670, mentioned after Granger 1996 p. 1023. There, he evicted François Fleury, hired two months earlier, who was probably not doing the job.

President Trump announced his intention to withdraw from the agreement in 2017. This was formalised in 2019, when Trump officially notified the United Nations of the impending US withdrawal. As of 2017, 20 states have pledged to abide with the terms of the Paris Agreement regardless of federal withdrawal.

Arundel formalised his relationship with many of his followers with small grants of land, rather than the annuities characteristic of bastard feudalism. His inquisition post mortem showed that Burley received from him a moiety of Brotton, worth 30s. annually:Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (Chancery), 1392–1399, no. 236, p. 114.

The intersection at Llancaiach and the relationship between the Taff Vale Railway and the Extension line seems not to have been formalised. The Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway was formed into the West Midland Railway in 1860, and that company amalgamated so as to join the Great Western Railway in 1863, so that the GWR was now the owner of the Taff Vale Extension line. As time had passed, the coal traffic had further increased and in 1867 it was felt to be time to modernise the arrangements. An 1867 Act of the GWR gave structure to the connection at Llancaiach, and formalised the running powers of the TVR into Quaker's Yard.

Volksgenosse was formalised in point 4 of the Nazi Party's 25-point Program in 1920 as a racial ideological term: "Only a Volksgenosse can be a citizen. Volksgenossen are only those of German blood, regardless of denomination. No Jew can therefore be a Volksgenosse".„Staatsbürger kann nur sein, wer Volksgenosse ist.

There is considerable public debate in Jakarta about the services provided by the minibus fleets. The minibus systems are, at best, only loosely regulated. They are part of the large informal sector which underpins the more formalised part of the Jakarta economy. On one hand, the buses are cheap and plentiful.

Buckingham has been twinned with Joinville, in France, since 1963. In 2002, Buckingham became twinned with the French town of Mouvaux. In 2020, Buckingham formalised its links with the German town of Neukirchen- Vluyn, Mouvaux's twin town in Germany, and the three towns (Buckingham, Mouvaux and Neukirch-Vluyn) became officially twinned.

Interments in what is now Giri Tunggal began in 1945. The cemetery was formalised with the name Giri Tunggal Heroes' Cemetery on 10 November 1955, Heroes' Day in Indonesia. The cemetery included attendees from various backgrounds, including students, soldiers, and families of the interred. It was opened at 8 a.m.

In 1983, this was formalised by the creation of a non-profit organisation. The Kulturfabrik became a cultural centre with state support in 1996. It received a renovation grant of 1.93 million euros and in 2002 was receiving 308,000 euros yearly to cover running costs. The Kulturfabrik opened officially in 1998.

If the overall motion of the bodies is constant, then an overall steady state may be attained. Here the state of each surface particle is varying in time, but the overall distribution can be constant. This is formalised by using a coordinate system that is moving along with the contact patch.

Having been released by Palermo, Miccoli reached an agreement with Lecce and a contract was formalised 17 July 2013.US Lecce Agreement reached with Fabrizio Miccoli. Retrieved 28-08-2013 He was immediately made captain of the team he supported as a child.Miccoli new captain of Lecce, retrieved 28-08-2013.

Volunteers can expect to have FUN and build relationships with kids who will benefit massively from the attention. This program does not appear to run at all and with no formalised training provided to volunteers other than an 'orientation' this program potentially place both the volunteer and child at further risk.

Architecture was "archaically" defined in Western history, for example, by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (Rome c. 40 BC) as a culturally "higher order". Yet in writing De architectura (On Architecture, in Ten Books), Vitruvius also formalised written Western architectural education. Many other cultures have aural and tactile non-textual architectural education traditions.

The first bulk milk collections tool place from 1973, when the amalgamation was formalised. Ballyhale C.D.S. became one of 20 members of Avonmore Farmers Ltd.; the other founding members being Castlehale, Mullinavat, Iverk, Piltown, Carrigeen, Kilmacow, Ballyragget, South Tipperary, Monastarevan, Muckalee, Barrowvale, Kells, Windgap, Brandonvale, Bennetsbridge, Castlecomer, Freshford, Donaghmore and Fennor.

The opening marked a new era which uninterrupted communications between Singapore and Bangkok now exists. The administration of the Causeway was formalised in 1925 with the formation of the Johore Causeway Control Committee. Under FMSR, the Committee was given full autonomy to oversee the efficient management and maintenance of the Causeway.

Tobelo is a town and a district on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera. It is the capital of the regency (kabupaten) of North Halmahera, part of the province of North Maluku.Hedman, p. 278 The city was formalised as the capital of North Halmahera in the district elections held in 2004.

Along with the other Livonian towns and gentry, Riga capitulated to Russia, largely retaining their privileges. Riga was made the capital of the Governorate of Riga (later: Livonia). Sweden's northern dominance had ended, and Russia's emergence as the strongest Northern power was formalised through the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.

Instead India developed a highly centralised form of government. However, this has been moderated by the decentralisation of several administrative functions to the local level, empowering elected gram panchayats. There are significant differences between the traditional panchayati raj system, that envisioned by Gandhi, and the system formalised in India in 1992.

Ohn was Deputy Minister for Border Affairs and head of the Rakhine State's Emergency Coordination Center before he was named to become a military-appointed Rakhine State Hluttaw member by Election Commission on 21 June 2014. His appointment as Chief Minister was formalised on 30 June 2014 although Arakan National Party opposed it.

The property was then known as "John's Farm". The promised Crown Grant of 108 acres was formalised in 1840. 'John's Farm' is where Joseph Baylis is thought to have died in 1855 so there would have been an earlier dwelling on the property. John Baylis lived on the property for 50 years.

Cross was born in Pretoria, South Africa before the Apartheid era, when racial segregation was less formalised. Her father worked as a lawyer for the Pretoria City Council. Cross was a lifelong member of the Baptist Church, though the church had no history of social activism. She graduated from Pretoria Girls' High School.

In contrast to other European colonies, racial distinction and segregation intensified during the early 20th century, and the various ethnic groups became more sharply defined and divided.Oborne, p. 12. Following its general election victory in 1948, the National Party, led by Daniel Malan, formalised this racism under a government policy called apartheid.

The cathedral is located near Tugu Muda, in Randusari, Semarang. The Tugu Muda area, a Cultural Property of Indonesia, also includes Lawang Sewu, Mandala Bhakti Museum, and Bulu Market. The cathedral complex includes the cathedral proper, a meeting hall, and school. In 2012 an official residence and office for the bishop was formalised.

'Carl Linnaeus (;"Linnaeus, Carolus" in the Oxford Dictionaries Online. 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy".

European embedded value (EEV) is a variation of EV which was set up by the CFO Forum which allows for a more formalised method of choosing the parameters and doing the calculations, to enable greater transparency and comparability. Market Consistent Embedded Value is a more generalised methodology, of which EEV is one example.

Merriton was originally a private subdivision of section 97 of the Hundred of Crystal Brook, County of Victoria, at the point just south of where the main road from Clements Gap to Crystal Brook crossed the Broughton River. (map image) The name and boundaries for the long- established locality were formalised in 2001.

The township of Cowirra was laid out and named in 1901. Ten quarter-acre blocks sold for an average of 5 shillings above the reserve price of £2 10/ in April 1907. The locality boundaries formalised in 2003. The Cowirra Swamp was drained in 1919 to be set out for controlled irrigation.

Irving v. Lipstadt Defence Documents Initially a loose group associated with the magazine Die Neue Front, the GdNF was soon formalised into an organisation, taking in most of the membership of the ANS/NA. The group placed itself within the more radical Sturmabteilung tradition of Nazism rather than simple devotion to Adolf Hitler.

This model formalised an interpretation of the theory of John Maynard Keynes (see Keynesian economics), and describes the economy as a balance between three commodities: money, consumption and investment. Hicks himself wavered in his acceptance of his IS–LM formulation; in a paper published in 1980 he dismissed it as a ‘classroom gadget’.

In Jainism, both ascetics and householders (śrāvaka) have to follow five major vows (). Ascetics observe these fives vows more strictly and therefore observe complete abstinence. 1\. Ahimsa is formalised into Jain doctrine as the first and foremost vow. The votary must not to hurt any living being by actions, words or thoughts.

The Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM) is a political party in Tonga. Its leader is Uliti Uata. The HRDM was founded in the late 1970s as an informal group of Tongans interested in democratic reform. It was formalised in 1992 as the Pro-Democracy Movement, and contested several elections under that name.

A Tripartite Treaty of Alliance with Britain and the USSR formalised Iran's assistance to the Allies. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas was considered near to fascist ideas, but realistically joined the United Nations after their evident successes. In 1944, Liberia and France signed. The French situation was very confused.

He concluded his OSR directorship after the 2014–2015 season. Jonathan Nott first guest-conducted the OSR in October 2014. Following these concert appearances, in January 2015, the OSR named Nott its next music and artistic director, effective January 2017. The OSR formalised the new contract and relationship with Nott in March 2016.

On 2 June, four days after FIFA's 65th FIFA Congress, Blatter abruptly announced he would be resigning, allowing Gill to "reconsider" his position as he had not yet formalised his resignation. Gill was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to football.

The introduction of new regulations in 1805 and 1807 did little to disrupt the traditional three-rank line formation of battalions in action, and the use of the 'battalion-column' for movement. Having led the way in skirmishing tactics amongst its light infantry and employing the third ranks of line battalions, Austria tried to expand those light troops with Freikorps raised in wartime and from 1808, formalised and separate Jäger battalions. The 1807 Exercier- Reglemnt formalised the training of infantry skirmishers as organic to their battalions and the employment of Masses (closed-up battalions and two-company divisions) in the more densely-packed battlefields. While still vulnerable to artillery, the formation was more than adequate against cavalry and easier to deploy around the battlefield.

Maine Historical Society. Retrieved 7 May 2011 The first nationally formalised rules were drawn up by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland in 1884. The game is still regulated in Ireland by the GAA, through the GAA Rounders National Council (). In Great Britain it is regulated by Rounders England, which was formed in 1943.

In the occupied Greece, alongside the Axis- controlled collaborationist governments, a vigorous resistance movement developed. Its major force was the communist-controlled EAM/ELAS. During 1944, EAM/ELAS established a de facto separate administration, formalised in March 1944 after elections in both occupied and liberated territories, as the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA).

The Defence of Australia (DOA) policy was adopted after the previous policy of "forward defence" was discredited in the public eye by Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. The policy was developed during the 1970s and early 1980s before it was formalised in the 1986 Dibb Report and the 1987 and 1994 Defence White Papers.

Unique among Europe's religious orders, SMOM representation is recognised as a diplomatic entity solely by the Commission and not the EU's other institutions or member states. This arrangement was formalised in 2007, when the EU's Delegation to the Holy See, established in 2006, had its remit extended to cover the SMOM.Leuştean 2013, p. 18.

Kučan and Milošević agreed that SR Slovenia could leave Yugoslavia and that Serbs have the right to live in the same country. The agreement was formalised on 14 August 1991, after Slovenia seceded. On 25 January, a Croatian delegation, led by Tuđman, came to Belgrade. On the same day in Sarajevo, Izetbegović met Bulatović.

During the War of the First Coalition, Luxembourg was conquered and annexed by Revolutionary France, becoming part of the département of the ForêtsLiterally 'woods', in reference to the Ardennes. in 1795. The annexation was formalised at Campo Formio in 1797. In 1798, Luxembourgish peasants started a rebellion against the French but it was rapidly suppressed.

Article 17 of the constitution designated that "The state shall have the right to superior direction and superintendence over the entire system of education and instruction." The abolishment of the Concordat was formalised in 1870. Originally there were plans to extend the Concordat to Hungary (the largest part of Transleithania), but these never materialised.

Process capital is essential for strategy development and implementation. Business processes are large with technology, location and other factors combining to generate limitless possibilities. Throughout the process of developing and appropriating technology-enabled processes, collective brainpower is formalised, captured, and leveraged to produce an asset of higher value and affect organisational performance in all aspects.

Tom moved to present the weekend overnight slot and worked on specialist dance programmes. Programme director Stuart Baldwin first paired the two together and soon formalised the duo as Foxy and Tom in November 2001. During this stint on the late show they were awarded the NTL Commercial Radio Award for Best Newcomers in 2002.

Both of these points suggest that the print depicts either an imaginary scene or an unrecorded event from 1821.Sharp, pp. 28–29 A "bump" during Torpids 1999: Jesus Men's 1st VIII catch Hertford. Races gradually became more formalised, and regulations were introduced prohibiting colleges from using professional rowers or members of other colleges.

Fearing an invasion from Normandy by Robert Curthose, an early act of Henry's reign was an alliance with Robert II, Count of Flanders, formalised by treaty in March 1101.Thompson (1995) p. 49. One of the guarantors recorded lending surety for the English king was Arnulf himself.Thompson (2004b); van Houts (1999); Thompson (1995) p.

A separate agreement was formalised with Rolls-Royce to license manufacture the Lynx's Gem turboshaft engines at the Helwan facility. During 1975, an initial order for 42 Westland Gazelles was placed by Egypt.Feiler 2003, p. 20. It was agreed that ABHCO would undertake the assembly of these rotorcraft via a recently-acquired licensing agreement.

Homerton Cricket Club was reconstituted in 2012 under Gary Horsman, then president of Chats Palace CC. The reconstitution was agreed at an extraordinary AGM and formalised by a unanimous vote carrying the motion forward. The club plays fixtures in and around Hackney and is a founding member of the Victoria Park Community Cricket League.

German Creek is a rural locality in south-eastern South Australia, situated in the District Council of Grant. The boundaries were formalised in October 1995 for the long established name. The postcode was originally 5280, but was altered to 5291 in 2004. It was reportedly named for a German who was shepherding in the area.

In accordance with changes in religious practice, stupas were gradually incorporated into chaitya-grihas (stupa halls). These reached their highpoint in the first century BCE, exemplified by the cave complexes of Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra). Viharas were developed to accommodate the growing and increasingly formalised Buddhist monasticism. An existing example is at Nālandā, (Bihar).

Sixth Form girls receive boarding. In March 2000, a move to establish St. John's College as a parish is formalised. Te Deum by Péter Louis van Dijk, commissioned for the school’s centenary, has its world premiere. The school museum is moved to the armoury with financial assistance given by the Old Johannian Association (OJA).

With the threat of war, Zbigniew and Bolesław renewed their alliance and prepared for war. This renewal was formalised by the magnate Skarbimir at the Wiec in Wrocław. It was then decided that nobleman Wojsław Powała (a relative of Sieciech) was removed as Bolesław's guardian and the organization of the expedition against the Palatine.

Apprenticeship in the United Kingdom has a long tradition in the United Kingdom, dating back to around the 12th century. They flourished in the 14th Century and were expanded during the industrial revolution. In modern times, apprenticeships were formalised in 1964 by act of parliament and they continue to be in use to this day.

Map of Cape Verde __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Cape Verde having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (geminações) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead).

Map of Australia __NOTOC__ This is a list of places (local government areas) in Australia which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).

The Bedford Level Corporation (or alternatively the Corporation of the Bedford Level) was founded in England in 1663 to manage the draining of the Fens of East Central England. It formalised the legal status of the Company of Adventurers previously formed by the Duke of Bedford to reclaim 95,000 acres of the Bedford Level.

This arrangement was formalised on 11 December 1989 when the Timor Gap Treaty was signed by the Australian and Indonesian Foreign Ministers, Gareth Evans and Ali Alatas, during a flight over the Timor Gap. The Zone of Cooperation has been “heralded as the most complex, comprehensive and sophisticated maritime joint development zone ever concluded”.

Dundee, Perth, and Cupar > Advertiser, Tuesday 25 September 1860 On 1 August 1861 the West of Fife company merged with the Charlestown Railway and Harbour Company, and also the Elgin Railways, to form the West of Fife Railway and Harbour Company. Formal absorption was discussed in October 1858 and was formalised from 1 October 1861.

It additionally formalised the bank's administrative powers of monetary and banking policy and exchange control and also stated the governor was responsible for managing the bank. Highly debated legislation in 1945 caused high amounts of regulation on private banks, which later-Governor H.C. Coombs was opposed to, along with his opposition to bank nationalisation in 1947.

In principle, pre- school teachers are free to choose content, working methods, didactical material, and so forth. However, a municipality may draw up an educational plan, and the boards may define the principles of the activities an institution. Teaching takes the form of play and other development-based activities. There are no formalised classes or lessons.

Ngapala is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It is divided between the cadastral Hundreds of English and Julia Creek. The area was originally the territory of the Ngadjuri people.

Koonoona is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It occupies the north-western corner of the cadastral Hundred of Apoinga. The area was originally the territory of the Ngadjuri people.

He developed the Combined Programming Language (CPL). His influential set of lecture notes Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages formalised the distinction between L- and R- values (as seen in the C programming language). Strachey also coined the term currying, although he did not invent the underlying concept. He was instrumental in the design of the Ferranti Pegasus computer.

Located between Kintore Avenue and King William Road, adjacent to the northern Government House grounds wall. Consists of a narrow sliver of land with a partially curved pedestrian pathway with associated war memorial plaques and stones. It was a pedestrian route that evolved in the 1920s and was formalised in the 1980s to honour war fallen.

Courier Corporation; 1971. Ch 2 p 51 et seq. This was used by Edmund Halley to establish the orbits of various comets, including that which bears his name. Newton's method of successive approximation was formalised into an analytic method by Euler in 1744, whose work was in turn generalised to elliptical and hyperbolic orbits by Lambert in 1761–1777.

Saint Ronan's Wells. In the local legend of the town's founding "St. Ronan Cleik't the Deil by the hind leg and banished him", possibly a metaphor for the monks bringing Christian learning back into these regions. The legend was actually formalised by Sir Walter Scott and was later instigated in a town festival called "The Cleikum Ceremonies" in 1901.

Buccan is a low density semi-rural suburb with larger acreage bushland type blocks. Buccan does not have a formalised town centre or shopping facilities with its residents relying on Logan Village, Waterford and Beenleigh to access such services. Buccan is home to the Buccan Conservation Park, a nature conservation area managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.

The 5% Club is a movement of employers working to create a shared prosperity across the UK by campaigning for greater skills training, through ‘earn and learn’ job opportunities. Members aim to achieve 5% of their workforce in 'earn and learn' positions (including apprentices, sponsored students and graduates on formalised training schemes) within five years of joining the club.

Julia is a locality in the Mid North of South Australia, 111 kilometres North of Adelaide, the state capital. The town is located north of Eudunda, in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was created in August 2000, with boundaries formalised for the long established local name. A Lutheran congregation at Julia was formed in January 1910.

Alfred, however, did not wish to return to London and, on an informal basis at first, the two businesses were run separately. The separation was formalised in 1940 and the northern business was renamed Sir Alfred McAlpine. During the Second World War Sir Robert McAlpine was one of the contractors engaged in building the Mulberry harbour units.

In 1998, Lidell and Vogel started sharing the same studio, and began making music together. Later in the year, they formalised their partnership as Super_Collider. During the period, Lidell jammed on stage with Balzac, where he began developing his skills as a soul singer. Lidell (pictured 2006) formed Super_Collider with Vogel after they started sharing a studio.

A separate agreement was formalised with Rolls-Royce to license manufacture the Lynx's Gem engines at the Helwan facility. However, this plan was ultimately aborted due to a lack of funds that resulted from the collapse of the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI)."Egypt rolls out Gazelle and receives Alpha Jets." Flight International, 10 December 1983. p. 1518.

In February 1986, the Single European Act formalised political co-operation within the EEC, including competency in monetary policy. The European Council summit in Hannover on 14 June 1988 began to outline monetary co-operation. France, Italy and the European Commission backed a fully monetary union with a central bank, which British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher opposed.

The French section demanded that the Flemish section fund its relocation, since it had not demanded it. A plan was agreed for its relocation to a planned town in Wallonia, dubbed "New Leuven" (Louvain-la- Neuve). The university's split was formalised soon afterwards, creating two new universities: the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL).

The likelihood that Rǫgnvaldr and Óláfr had different mothers may well explain the intense conflict between the two men in the years that followed.McDonald (2019) pp. 78–79; McDonald (2007b) p. 73. The chronicle reveals that the marriage between Guðrøðr and Fionnghuala was formalised in 1176/1177, under the auspices of a visiting papal legate.McDonald (2019) p.

The chronicle certainly states that Óláfr was born before the legate formalised his parents' marriage, suggesting that the union existed for some time prior.Wadden (2014) p. 32. This source, however, gives conflicting dates for Óláfr's birth: 1173 and 1177. Specifically, in its account of his parents marriage, the chronicle states that Óláfr was three years old;McDonald (2019) p.

Corroborees and other ceremonies continued under the protection of the Macarthurs of Camden Park, though numbers steadily declined. As the district became more densely settled a town was needed further south than Liverpool. Campbelltown was formally established in 1820 and named in honour of Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie's maiden name, Campbell. In 1826 the town plan was formalised.

Unlike most Dutch towns, Maastricht did not receive city rights at a certain date. These developed gradually during its long history. In 1204 the city's dual authority was formalised in a treaty, with the prince-bishops of Liège and the dukes of Brabant holding joint sovereignty over the city. Soon afterwards the first ring of medieval walls were built.

In July 1946, Kitson was named to succeed Frank Troy as Agent- General for Western Australia, representing the state government in London."AGENT-GENERAL.", The West Australian, 23 July 1946. He did not take up the position until May 1947, when his resignation from parliament was formalised. Kitson died in London in December 1952, aged 66.

This resulted in formalised, ordered and often-monumental view of the South African landscape, uninhabited and with dramatic light and colour. Pierneef's work can be seen worldwide in many private, corporate and public collections, including the Africana Museum, Durban Art Gallery, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum, Pierneef Museum and the Pretoria Art Gallery.

Thirty thousand slaves in Sextus Pompey's service were captured; the majority were returned to their masters, but about 6,000, who had no masters, were impaled. After the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian had sole power over the Roman Republic. In 27 BC, the Senate formalised this situation and he assumed the title of Augustus..

There are different types of panchayats. Gram panchayat or sabha (village councils) were usually controlled by the upper caste for maintaining the social order and the resolution of criminal and civil disputes. There were also panchayats for resolving inter-caste conflicts. Gram panchayats were legally formalised under the panchayati raj system as a decentralised grassroot form of local governance.

A lorry carrying timber. As of 1993, there were 40 timber-processing plants and a number of sawmills. Tawau Port is a major export and import gateway for timber especially from North Kalimantan. A barter trade has been formalised between East Kalimantan (now North Kalimantan) and Sabah with the creation of Tawau Barter Trade Association (BATS) in 1993.

Many jeux- partis share their dilemma question with demandes d'amour, short dilemma questions (normally followed by a yes or no answer) that are found in manuscripts from the early fourteenth century. Although manuscripts containing demandes postdate jeux-partis, it is possible that many demandes existed before jeux-partis and were formalised and elaborated musically by jeu-parti composers.

In 2015 Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) was opened, formerly known as Albury Regional Arts Centre. The art museum has 10 galleries with double the space of the former art centre. Canvas Eatery is also attached to MAMA, facing onto QEII Square. In 2003, a sister city relationship with Nanping in north western Fujian province, China, was formalised.

The exceptionally bloody Battle of Lund was fought just north of the city in 1679, and ended in a decisive Swedish victory; Swedish control of Scania was confirmed in the Peace of Lund later that year. Sweden's control over Scania, and hence Lund, was formalised by treaty in 1720.3 juli 1720 - Riksarkivet - Sök i arkiven . Sok.riksarkivet.se.

In 1657, the English Republic signed the Treaty of Paris with France, which formalised the developing Anglo- French alliance. Charles' alliance with the nation's traditional enemy, Spain, further undermined his support with the English public.Seel p. 92 Nonetheless, Royalist supporters joined the Spanish army in large numbers, led by his younger brother James, Duke of York.

Whilst he was Attorney-General, McClelland had implemented a process intended to achieve greater transparency that federal judges were appointed on merit, however these were never formalised through legislation and were abandoned by the new government in 2013. there were significant variations in Australia regarding the use of stated criteria, advertising, consultation and formal interviews in the appointment process.

She was awarded a master's degree in 1889 and was elected a fellow in 1896. While reading Economics, Caroline was advised by her professor to further her interests in Indian philosophy by studying Sanskrit and Pali. Upon contacting the language department she was assigned to Professor Rhys-Davids. They began a relationship which was formalised into marriage in 1894.

The G&SWR; had been provided with engine shed facilities at Petteril by its ally, the Midland Railway. In December 1894 it opened a new engine shed of its own at Currock, opposite the Maryport and Carlisle shed. It needed running powers over the M&CR; to reach it, and these were formalised on 6 July 1895.

On June 26, the Canucks re-signed Pouliot to a one-year, $1.1 million contract. On May 8, 2019, it was announced the Canucks would not offer impending restricted free agent Pouliot a qualifying offer which was formalised on June 25, 2019. He was released as a free agent, ending his two-season tenure in Vancouver.

Realising they did not have a large enough force to hold off the redoubtable troops under king Frederick II of Prussia on their own, the Swedes proposed a peace settlement to him based on a return to the pre-war status quo. Frederick accepted the proposal and formalised it by signing the treaty of Hamburg on 22 May 1762.

Ecclesiastical heraldry is the tradition of heraldry developed by Christian clergy. Initially used to mark documents, ecclesiastical heraldry evolved as a system for identifying people and dioceses. It is most formalised within the Catholic Church, where most bishops, including the pope, have a personal coat of arms. Clergy in Anglican, Lutheran, Eastern Catholic, and Orthodox churches follow similar customs.

Willalo is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It was also known in its early days as North Booboorowie. The Willalo Hall was built in 1912 and demolished in 2015.

Intentionally simplistic in its message, the song formalised his pacifist stance and provided an anthem for the Summer of Love.Magical Mystery Tour After the Beatles were introduced to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the group attended an August weekend of personal instruction at his Transcendental Meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales. During the seminar, they were informed of Epstein's death.

With the formation of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918, the RAF Kalafrana command was formalised under Colonel C. Reynolds.Sea Your History. , accessed on 04/11/2012. 267 Squadron was formed at Kalafrana on 27 September 1918 from 360, 361, 362 and 363 Flights as an anti-submarine unit flying patrols in the Mediterranean until the end of hostilities.

From the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, which formalised a truce in the Hundred Years War, the Anglo-Gascon had to vacate the places they had taken in Touraine. During their retreat, the soldiers turned into looters. They pillaged the city of Tours. In 1361, the Carthusians who had taken refuge in their lower house in Corroirie, suffered a siege by English gangs.

Administratively, Aran is a "unique territorial entity" roughly equivalent to a comarca with additional powers, and informally referred to as a comarca. This status was most recently formalised in February 2015. The area is divided into six administrative divisions called terçons (oc) (meaning "thirds", as there were formerly three divisions). The current arrangement of the divisions dates from the 15th century.

Gopala Bhatta Goswami (1503–1578) is one of the foremost follower of the Vaishnava saint, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, and a leading historical figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava school of Hinduism. He was part of a group of Vaishnava devotees known collectively as the Six Goswamis of Vrindavan, who were influential in establishing the philosophical basis of the Gaudiya tradition in formalised writings.

Mihardja, who was older than many contemporary writers and wrote in a similar style to the older authors, disliked this comparison; according to Maier, this may have led him to represent Chairil Anwar as a much-flawed character. Mihardja formalised his concept throughout the early 1940s and completed the writing during a period of unemployment from May 1948 until February 1949.

An Australian workplace agreement (AWA) was a type of formalised individual agreement negotiated between an employer and employee in Australia that existed from 1996-2009. Employers could offer a "take it or leave it" AWA as a condition of employment. They were registered by the Employment Advocate and did not require a dispute resolution procedure. These agreements operated only at the federal level.

The canal company then received £12,665.87 per year for the lease of the northern end of the canal, which allowed them to continue paying dividends and to make investments. Eventually, the railway company offered to buy the canal, and this was formalised by an Act of Parliament obtained on 16 July 1885, although they actually took over the canal on 1 July.

4 The Government Surveyor, John von Stieglitz, arrived in November 1870, but was too late to impose a regular grid pattern on the settlement. Instead he formalised the existing plan, which was centred on the crossing of Elphinstone Creek by the main road (Macrossan Street), with tracks radiating out to the various diggings. Most commercial buildings were located along Macrossan Street.

Armscor (stylized as ARMSCOR), the Armaments Corporation of South Africa is the arms procurement agency of the South African Department of Defence. It was originally established in 1968 as an arms production company, primarily as a response to the international sanctions by the United Nations against South Africa due to apartheid which began in 1963 and were formalised in 1967.

Sikhism was coined by Baba Guru Nanak ji. He was the first Guru of the fifteenth century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The religious practices were formalised by Guru Gobind Singh Ji on 13 April 1699. The latter baptised five persons from different parts of India and had different social backgrounds to form Khalsa (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ).

Advances in the decipherment of Maya script have revealed the central function of mirrors as instruments for ritual scrying. This ritual scrying was the continuation of an ancient divinatory tradition with its ultimate origins in Preclassic shamanistic practices that had been formalised by the Maya priesthood. Mirrors were of considerable value within Maya society and their use was restricted to the elite.

In 1928, Krishna Menon took control of the organisation and formalised it into the famous "India League". Menon was a charismatic, well-connected, and eloquent. This allowed him to flourish in elite British left-wing circles where he influenced several top intellectuals, subsequently, involving them with the league. Additionally, breaking with past conventions, the League now demanded full independence for India.

Ponnampalam Ramanathan (later Sir) was elected with 1,645 votes with Dr. H. Marcus Fernando (later Sir), receiving 981 votes. A total of 2,626 (89.5%) of the total 2,934 registered voters casting their vote. The election results were formalised in the Government Gazette on 22 December. The first meeting of the new Legislative Council was held in the afternoon of 16 January 1912.

On 1 July 1843, a proclamation formalised the border as running from Cape Howe, to the nearest source of the Murray River, and then along the course of the Murray to the border with South Australia. On 1 July 1851, the District was separated from New South Wales under provisions of the Australian Colonies Government Act 1850, and became the Colony of Victoria.

Murray Bridge South is a satellite locality of Murray Bridge in South Australia west of the Murray River, south of the eponymous bridge, and west of Swanport Bridge. Its boundaries were formalised in March 2000 to cover a portion of semi-urban land immediately south of the South Eastern Freeway and immediately west of the riverside suburbs of Swanport and Riverglen.

Several orchestras had existed in Cincinnati between 1825 and 1872. The immediate precursor ensemble to the current orchestra was the Cincinnati Orchestra, founded in 1872. In 1893, Helen Herron Taft founded the Cincinnati Orchestra Association, and the name of the orchestra was formalised to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra gave its first concerts in 1895 at Pike's Opera House.

However, Joseph Knight had published the name Josephia sessilis in 1809, which had precedence due to its earlier date, and the specific name was formalised in 1924. Four varieties are recognised. It is a prickly plant with little apparent horticultural potential; none of the varieties are commonly seen in cultivation. A profuse producer of nectar, B. sessilis is valuable to the beekeeping industry.

Brown 1980, p. 82.Buttler 2000, p. 46. The fuselage was broadly similar in form to that of the Tempest, but was a fully monocoque structure, while the cockpit level was higher, affording the pilot better all-round visibility.Bridgman 1998, p. 127. The project was formalised in January 1943 when the Air Ministry issued Specification F.2/42 around the "Tempest Light Fighter".

In 2004, the Eurogroup of eurozone finance ministers decided to replace the rotating chairmanship with a permanent president. Juncker was appointed as the first permanent president and assumed the chair on 1 January 2005. He was re-appointed for a second term in September 2006. Under the Lisbon Treaty, this system was formalised and Juncker was confirmed for another term.

Also, the culture and philosophies of the Chinese people can be seen in the plays. Virtues (like loyalty, love, patriotism and faithfulness) are often reflected by the operas. Some particular features of Cantonese opera are: #Cing sik sing (程式性; Jyutping: cing4 sik1 sing3) – formulaic, formalised. #Heoi ji sing (虛擬性; Jyutping: heoi1 ji5 sing3) – abstraction of reality, distancing from reality.

Hitchhiking in Poland has a long history and is still popular. It was legalised and formalised in 1957 so hitchhikers could buy booklets including coupons from travel agencies.booklets These coupons were given to drivers who took hitchhikers. By the end of each season drivers who collected the highest number of coupons could exchange them for prizes, and others took part in a lottery.

In 1998 direct service for mortgages was formalised with the opening of a Direct Mortgage Centre. The assets now exceed £2.8 billion, making it the 17th largest building society in the UK. In July 2008 Scarborough Building Society announced the appointment of Robin Litten as its new Chief Executive, to replace John Carrier who retires from the post on 31 December 2008.

Colin Reid is an acoustic guitarist from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He launched his solo career in 1997 after supporting performances with other leading musicians such as Brian Kennedy and Waterson–Carthy. He was a guitar teacher for many years and formalised his skills at the Musicians Institute of Technology. He has run guitar courses in the Crescent Arts Centre in the past.

In physics, he approximated experimental confirmation that gravity heeds an inverse square law, and first hypothesised such a relation in planetary motion, too, a principle furthered and formalised by Isaac Newton in Newton's law of universal gravitation.Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th Edition, vol.6 p. 44 Priority over this insight contributed to the rivalry between Hooke and Newton, who thus antagonized Hooke's legacy.

Joseph Abeille's first marriage, possibly to Magdeleine Le Roy, was followed by the births of two children. His second marriage was formalised on 6 April 1717 in Toulouse. His bride, more than twenty years younger than he, was Madeleine de Labat: the marriage produced at least four and possibly as many as seven children between 1719 and 1727, including Françoise Abeille de Keralio.

However, in late 1985 11 HRPP Members of Parliament defected to form a coalition government with the then-opposition Christian Democratic Party. Kolone was elected Prime Minister on 30 December, with Efi as his deputy. The coalition was later formalised as the Samoan National Development Party.Stephanie Lawson, Tradition Versus Democracy in the South Pacific: Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa, p.

591 A skilled seaman, he was promoted to midshipman aboard the sloop in August 1767, and to acting lieutenant on the same vessel in March 1768.Correspondence, Admiralty to Navy Board, 25 March 1768. Cited in Beaglehole 1968, p. 610 His officer's commission was formalised on 26 May 1768 with a transfer to James Cook's as second lieutenant and second-in-command.

Ever since the time of Gendun Gyatso, the 2nd Dalai Lama, who formalised the system, the Regents and other monks have gone to the lake to seek guidance on choosing the next reincarnation through visions while meditating there.Laird 2006, pp. 139, 264–265. The particular form of Palden Lhamo at Lhamo La-tso is Gyelmo Maksorma, "The Victorious One who Turns Back Enemies".

Collection of the Biblioteca Nacional de España. and American colonial periods, as well as during the Commonwealth era. During the Japanese occupation, the Philippines remained LHT, also because LHT had been required by the Japanese; but during the Battle of Manila, the liberating American forces drove their tanks to the right for easier facilitation of movement. RHT was formalised in 1945.

University of Bristol. marking the 1953 golden jubilee of Long Ashton Research Station another ARC- funded laboratory then specialising in fruit research. By 1971, these views were formalised and extended by Rothschild’s influential but controversial report “The Organisation and Management of Government R&D;”. At the time, Rothschild was Head of the Central Policy Review Staff, a part of Central Government’s Cabinet Office.

Danie Gerhardus Krige (26 August 1919 – 3 March 2013) was a South African statistician and mining engineer who pioneered the field of geostatistics and was professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, Republic of South Africa. The technique of kriging is named after him. Krige's empirical work to evaluate mineral resources was formalised in the 1960s by French engineer Georges Matheron.

While officially this was a surrender, Cao Cao knew that Sun Quan would not be content with being treated like a subject, so he confirmed all of the titles Sun Quan had claimed for himself and formalised his control over the lands he held. Sun Quan was permitted to continue to rule independently but was now officially one of Cao Cao's subordinates.

In 1867, he became professor of mechanics at Stuttgart Polytechnic, and in 1873 at Dresden Polytechnic. Mohr had a direct and unpretentious lecturing style that was popular with his students. In addition to a lone textbook, Mohr published many research papers on the theory of structures and strength of materials. In 1874, Mohr formalised the idea of a statically indeterminate structure.

In a long partnership, Harcourt and William Esson studied the rates of chemical reactions. Among the processes they investigated was the acid-catalyzed iodine clock reaction (iodide and hydrogen peroxide). Their work showed that the reaction's changing rate was proportional to the concentration of reactants present. This result was later formalised by Guldberg and Waage as the law of mass action.

These treaties formalised the boundaries of the English kingdoms and the Viking Danelaw territory, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings. Despite these treaties, conflict continued on and off. However, Alfred and his successors eventually drove back the Viking frontier and retook York. A new wave of Vikings appeared in England in 947, when Erik Bloodaxe captured York.

The white lace orchid was first formally described in 1877 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach who gave it the name Eria paleata and published the description in the journal Linnaea. In that journal Reichenbach had suggested the name Phreatia paleata and in 1911 Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin formalised the name. The specific epithet (paleata) is derived from the Latin word palea meaning "chaff".

The Office of Australian War Graves (OAWG) is a branch within the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs. The branch was initially a stand- alone agency, formed 1 January 1975. In 1980, the War Graves Act 1980 (Cth) formalised the position of Director War Graves within the Department of Veterans' Affairs. The OAWG acts as Australian agent for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Some shareholders of the B&OJR; objected on the grounds that better terms might be secured from the LNWR. However after considerable procedural difficulties, the amalgamation was approved. It was formalised on 2 January 1847.MacDermot, pages 255 and 256 At this the LNWR faction attempted to subvert the whole affair, at first by acquiring large numbers of B&OJR; shares, buying them at a premium.

Nhất Nam is a martial art originating from Vietnam, formalised in Hanoi from 1983 onwards by Ngô Xuân Bính."Martial arts maketh the man", Viet Nam News, Jan. 22, 2012. The name Nhất Nam derives from Sino-Vietnamese characters from "One Vietnam" (), and is to be distinguished from Nhật Nam ("Sun South" ), the Vietnamese name for the ancient Chinese Rinan Han commandery in northern Vietnam.

There are no formalised rules regarding observation and monitoring, but many educators have an interest in working with interaction- based observation. It is common for an institution to hold parent consultations, where the staff of the institution discuss with individual children's parents how children thrive in the institution, what they occupy themselves with, their strong and weak points, and about their social relationship with other children.

Though it is more commonly practiced as a dance because of the violent outcome of stick-fighting, its roots are still that of a martial art originating from Kingdom of Kongo, and stick-fights still occur in Trinidad. They also have been formalised into annual Carnival competitions.Trinidad Sweet - The People, Their Culture, Their Island - Bird, Adrian Curtis (1992) Inprint Publications LTD, Port of Spain, Trinidad, W.I.

In time, these sayings, from the so-called "encounter-dialogues" between masters and students, but also from sermons, became codified and formed the basis of typical Zen-genres, namely the "yü-lü" (recorded sayings) and the classic koan-collections. These too became formalised, and as such became a subject of disputes on the right way to teach Zen and the avoidance of dependence on words.

The Seddonville Branch, later truncated as the Ngakawau Branch, is a branch line railway in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. Construction began in 1874 and it reached its terminus at the Mokihinui Mine just beyond Seddonville in 1895. In 1981 it was closed past Ngakawau and effectively became an extension of the Stillwater–Westport Line, since formalised as the Stillwater Ngakawau Line.

De facto standards became formalised as official national and international standards. The earliest is believed to be British Standard 73 Wall plugs and sockets (five ampere two-pin without earthing connection) which was first published in 1915. The International Electrotechnical Commission in 1934 established technical committee TC 23 for electrical fittings. Only two meetings were held before the outbreak of the Second World War.

Traditionally spoken in Northern Italy, southern Switzerland, San Marino and Monaco, most Gallo-Italian languages have given way in everyday use to regional varieties of Standard Italian. The vast majority of current speakers are bilingual with Italian. These languages are still spoken by the Italian diaspora in countries with Italian immigrant communities. The variety of Ligurian spoken in Monaco is formalised as Monégasque (Munegascu).

The military alliance between the United Kingdom and Poland was formalised by the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939, with subsequent addenda of 1940 and 1944, for mutual assistance in case of a military invasion from Germany, as specified in a secret protocol.Paul W. Doerr. 'Frigid but Unprovocative': British Policy towards the USSR from the Nazi-Soviet Pact to the Winter War, 1939. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.

It was not until the early 1900s, after the introduction of the judogi, that other colours were added. Other martial arts later adopted the custom. This includes martial arts that traditionally did not have a formalised rank structure. This kind of ranking is less common in arts that do not claim a far Eastern origin, though it is used in the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program.

Retrieved on 23 April 2011. or manufactured locally as generic versions of drugs which are elsewhere protected by patent.Drugs bust – 13 June 2001. New Scientist. Retrieved on 23 April 2011. Countries without manufacturing capability may import such generics. The legal framework regarding generic versions of patented drugs is formalised in the Doha Declaration on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and later agreements.

Nissen constructed three prototype semi-cylindrical huts. His design was subject to intensive review by his fellow officers, Lieutenant Colonels Shelly, Sewell and McDonald, and General Clive Gerard Liddell, which helped Nissen develop the design. After the third prototype was completed, the design was formalised and the Nissen hut was put into production in August 1916. Two factors influenced the design of the hut.

The English Sculling Championship developed out of informal competitions between working watermen on rivers such as the Thames and the Tyne. Various matches were made on a casual basis but in time these were more formalised. The first recognised Champion was Charles Campbell (rower) who beat John Williams in September 1831 on the Thames. Various persons then held the Championship which was gained under the challenge system.

On 13 November Grand Duke Frederick II relinquished all governing duties; he eventually abdicated on 22 November, following the abdication of his first cousin Kaiser Wilhelm II (announced on 9 November and formalised on 28 November). The provisional government declared the establishment of the freie Volksrepublik Baden (Free People's Republic of Baden) on 14 November 1918, and set 5 January 1919 as the date for new elections.

At the start of 2007 he was appointed sole chief executive of the Spiegel publishing group. His responsibilities encompassed not just the magazine but also its television company and its web presence. His time at Spiegel was characterised by a certain amount of conflict, however, and during the summer of 2008 he left. His agreed resignation was formalised with effect from 15 September 2008.

While the above systems of units are based on arbitrary unit values, formalised as standards, some unit values occur naturally in science. Systems of units based on these are called natural units. Similar to natural units, atomic units (au) are a convenient system of units of measurement used in atomic physics. Also a great number of unusual and non-standard units may be encountered.

If there were others, they were not formalised as ours was. The curriculum was wisely shaped in detail by Ben Cussons and attendance subsequently grew - and the rest is modern history.” Over the years, UKSA expanded by buying yachts, purchasing the hotel over the road (now Victory) to accommodate career students, building a swimming pool in 1993 and opening the Lister House accommodation block in 2003.

They continued to expand, taking over a number of smaller water supply companies. Reigate Water Works Company had been established in 1858 to serve the population of Reigate, and in 1896, opted to sell its assets to East Surrey Water. The Corporation of Reigate were unaware of this, and when they learned of it, attempted to delay the parliamentary bill which would have formalised the deal.

At around this time the ad hoc meetings of Friends began to be formalised and a monthly meeting was set up in County Durham. Margaret became a Quaker, and although Thomas did not convert, his familiarity with the Friends proved influential when Fox was arrested for blasphemy in October. Fell was one of three presiding judges, and the charges were dismissed on a technicality.

In 1973 Maynard Smith formalised a central concept in evolutionary game theory called the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), based on a verbal argument by George R. Price. This area of research culminated in his 1982 book Evolution and the Theory of Games. The Hawk-Dove game is arguably his single most influential game theoretical model. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1977.

Auckland-Guangzhou sister city lantern on the Auckland Lantern Festival Map of New Zealand __NOTOC__ This is a list of territorial authorities in New Zealand which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).

Murray Bridge North is a semi-rural satellite locality of Murray Bridge in South Australia east of the Murray River and northwest of the eponymous bridge. Its boundaries were formalised in March 2000 to cover a portion of land on either side of the main road to Mannum north of the main conurbation of Murray Bridge and west of the riverside industries of Mobilong and Toora.

The construction of a house is subject to specific regulations, laid down by the ancestors and formalised in adat, that need to be observed if the house is to become a beautiful and pleasant building. The construction and maintenance of a rumah gadang is the responsibility of ninik mamak, the elder male blood- relatives of the matrilineal descent group that owns and builds it.

CIDOC, ICOM's International Committee for Documentation, provides the museum community with standards and advice on museum documentation. The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), formalised as the official international standard ISO 21127, is used to map cultural heritage information to a common and extensible semantic framework. This "semantic glue" can be used to connect between different sources of cultural heritage information published by museums, libraries and archives.

Parramatta Road dates to the 1792 formation of a route linking Sydney to the settlement of Parramatta. This route was formalised under the direction of Surveyor-General Augustus Alt in 1797. Parramatta Road became one of the colony's most important early roads, and for many years remained one of Sydney's principal thoroughfares. The early road was a poorly built and poorly maintained track through bush.

This specialisation was formalised before 1914. During the First World War in 1916, the two sections underwent administrative changes so that the foreign section became the section MI1(c) of the Directorate of Military Intelligence. Its first director was Captain Sir Mansfield George Smith- Cumming, who often dropped the Smith in routine communication. He typically signed correspondence with his initial C in green ink.

The Order of the Star of Anjouan and the Order of the Black Star were formalised as French Overseas Orders. The other three were the "Order of States Associated to the French Union" (French: "Ordre des États de l'Union Française Associés"). In 1955, Cambodia became independent. The order was approved by King Norodom Sihanouk during his government and also granted during his exile in Beijing.

This involvement was formalised in 1986 when air transport was confirmed as being subject to the single-market process. In the mid-1980s, the Association acquired permanent groups in the fiscal, security and in-flight services fields. To these was added, in 1991, an Infrastructure Group. Another overhaul occurred in 1994, with the establishment of five standing committees, including Infrastructure & Environment and Social Affairs.

In addition, Burmese literature tends to reflect local folklore and culture. Burmese literature has historically been a very important aspect of Burmese life steeped in the Pali Canon of Buddhism. Traditionally, Burmese children were educated by monks in monasteries in towns and villages. During British colonial rule, instruction was formalised and unified, and often bilingual, in both English and Burmese known as Anglo- Vernacular.

The Cook Islands comprises 15 small islands whose total land area is 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi). The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), however, covers 1,800,000 square kilometres (690,000 sq mi) of ocean.[4] As at the 2006 census the population of the Cook Islands was 19,569. As at 2014 approximately 3000 children participate in formalised cricket activities and approximately 900 adults.

In December 1962, representatives of six Afro- Asian nations met in Colombo to develop peace proposals for India and China. Their proposals formalised the Chinese pledge of 20-kilometre withdrawal and the same line was used, labelled as "the line from which the Chinese forces will withdraw 20 km."ILLUSTRATION DES PROPOSITIONS DE LA CONFERENCE DE COLOMBO - SECTEUR OCCIDENTAL, claudearpi.net, retrieved 1 October 2020.

As an Anglican missionary-educator, Philip Quaque provided rudimentary medical treatment of ailments suffered by the pupils under his care at the Cape Coast Castle School. For more advanced medical cases, the surgeon of the Royal West African Army, who was resident in the castle, provided treatment. Freeman's services were crucial as the Gold Coast did not have a formalised public healthcare system on the Gold Coast.

Thurles, shown within Tipperary North. The civil parish of Thurles, shown divided into its townlands. Civil parishes () are units of territory in the island of Ireland that have their origins in old Gaelic territorial divisions. They were adopted by the Anglo-Norman Lordship of Ireland and then by the Elizabethan Kingdom of Ireland, and were formalised as land divisions at the time of the Plantations of Ireland.

Moradabad railway division is one of the five railway divisions under Northern Railway zone ( NR ) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formalised in 1899 and its headquarter is located at Moradabad in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Delhi railway division, Firozpur railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Ambala railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.

Delhi railway division is one of the five railway divisions under Northern Railway zone (NR) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formalised in 1952 and its headquarter is located at Delhi in the state of Delhi. The division is headed by Divisional Railway Manager (DRM), based at DRM Office, State entry Road, near New Delhi Railway Station. Delhi Division has a route of with 213 stations.

Use of the estate grounds extended to the harbour side Beach Paddock. The family introduced new plantings to the gardens and orchards and innovations in fencing shaped and formalised the approaches to the property. At this time the fountain on the front lawn was built. The Wentworths returned to England in 1862, the estate being occupied by various agents, relations and members of the immediate family.

407 However, they were maintained for their increasingly effective bureaucratic role (they were more efficient than the conventional Party apparatus of governmentMacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 239) and as the leadership did not want to undermine the ideological success of the Cultural Revolution.Meisner, p. 407 The future role of the revolutionary committees was to be formalised at the Fourth National People's Congress held in January 1975.

The New Zealand Federation of Labour, also known as The Red Federation and The United Federation of Labour, was a New Zealand federation of syndicalist trade unions which was formalised in 1909. The federation is best known for its involvement in the nation-wide Great Strike of 1913 which almost brought New Zealand's economy to a halt. The Federation's members were often referred to as 'Red Feds'.

The first session ended with the decision that members of the old Fono would resign. The new Fono requested that elections to the Fono should be formalised in legislation, abolishing the previous system of appointment. As a result, the Legislative Council passed the Faipule Election Ordinance in 1939, which provided for elections to a 41-seat Fono, although voting rights were only given to matai (family heads).

This led to a lengthy and public legal dispute. The issue was eventually amicably resolved, and Austen resigned her commission. Austen's case led to Army policy on transgender soldiers being formalised for the first time which now allows soldiers to transition while in service. The Regimental Colonel of The Parachute Regiment wrote to Austen to thank her for her "years of loyal service as an Airborne Officer".

83 The building was not only designed to showcase Soane's work, but also as a pedagogical environment for his young son George, who Soane hoped would follow in his professional footsteps. Undeterred by his child's reluctance, Soane only grew more dedicated to establishing a professional legacy and established a formalised program of architecture education when he purchased his house at Lincoln's Inn Fields, in London.

Kagitumba is one of the major border crossing points between Rwanda and Uganda; the other being Gatuna. Currently, plans are underway to integrate customs and immigration clearance procedures between the two countries, to create a one-stop clearance mechanism in both directions. When formalised, the new process will dramatically cut down waiting times for both human and commercial traffic between the two East African Community member countries.

The French Intellectual Property Code (IPC; French: Code de la propriété intellectuelle), is a corpus of law relating to intellectual and industrial property. It was formalised by Law No 92-597 of 1 July 1992, replacing earlier laws relating to industrial property and artistic and literary property. The code is frequently modified: two major modifications are known as the DADVSI law and the HADOPI law.

At that time the word police was used to mean administration, rather than the handling of law and order. A group of Police Commissioners were established to manage cleansing and water supply. In 1797, this was formalised, by creating separate Commissioners for Salford and for Manchester. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 paved the way for borough councils to be established, with ratepayers electing their members.

Dafna Shahaf and Eyal Amir (2007) Towards a theory of AI completeness. Commonsense 2007, 8th International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning. It is based on a model of computation that splits the computational burden between a computer and a human: one part is solved by computer and the other part solved by human. This is formalised by a human-assisted Turing machine.

Diego Tonetto formalised his departure to Deportivo Morón on 10 June 2019, while Gastón Suso's arrival from Atlético de Rafaela was agreed on 14 June. Gonzalo Bazán was the second name through the door, signing from Gimnasia y Esgrima (M) on 19 June. 22 June saw Joaquín Susvielles join from Almagro and Cristian Tarragona leave for Patronato. Platense loaned Manuel Capasso from Aldosivi on 25 June.

In the inter-war years the general synod convened five times. In 1927 it decided with a narrow majority to maintain the title general superintendent instead of replacing it by the title bishop. The same general synod voted for the admittance of women as vicars. The old-Prussian Church and the Free State of Prussia formalised their relationship by the concordat of 31 May 1931.

Numbers on roll declined as magistrates started to prefer the probation system. The schools accepted the common name of Approved schools in 1927 and this was formalised by the 1933 Children and Young Person's Act, which would effectively ended the Victorian Industrial and Reformatory School System. The remaining schools were re-constituted as Approved Schools with objectives more appropriate for youngsters in the 20th century.

Buchanan is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". The area was reportedly named after Alexander Buchanan, the first manager of Anlaby Station; however, there remains some uncertainty around its origin. Buchanan School opened in 1926 and closed in 1946.

The newly formed Russian-American Company (RAC) was expected to additionally create new colonies to strengthen the Russian claims to the region. The RAC funded in part or wholly expeditions of the Imperial Russian Navy like the First Russian circumnavigation. The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 and the Russo-British Treaty of 1825 formalised the claims of Russian America, essentially the borders of Alaska.

Uberisation has been criticised for its role in facilitating the decline of labour-intensive industries, and hence for threatening jobs. Uberisation has also raised concerns over government regulations and taxation, insofar as the formalised application of the sharing economy has led to disputes over the extent to which the provider of services via an uberised platform should be held accountable to corporate regulations and tax obligations.

Raëlism, also known as Raëlianism, is a UFO religion that was founded in 1970s France by Claude Vorilhon, now known as Raël. Scholars of religion classify Raëlism as a new religious movement. The group is formalised as the International Raëlian Movement (IRM) or Raëlian Church, a hierarchical organisation under Raël's leadership. Raëlism teaches that an extraterrestrial species known as the Elohim created humanity using their advanced technology.

Menier handed out tons of chocolate in that first year of preceding the race, as well as 500,000 policemen's hats printed with the company's name. The success led to the caravan's existence being formalised the following year. The caravan was at its height between 1930 and the mid-1960s, before television and especially television advertising was established in France. Advertisers competed to attract public attention.

The Queensland Law Society is the peak professional body for solicitors in Queensland, Australia. It represents more than 9,000 members, and is affiliated with the Law Council of Australia. The society provides support and public advocacy for the legal profession. The society originated as an informal meeting of solicitors in Brisbane, on the 7th of August 1873, and was formalised as the "Queensland Law Association" in 1883.

There are nine full member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter (, Ustav) was adopted.CIS Charter, 22 January 1993 (unofficial English translation). Russian text here The charter formalised the concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter (sec.

Stuarts Creek is a remote locality in the Australian state of South Australia in the states's Far North region. The name and boundaries were formalised on 26 April 2013, named after Stuart Creek Station, in respect of the long established local name. It includes the former settlement of Coward Springs. The Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park lies in the north-west of the locality.

He was a traditional Tongan Prince and a Fijian chief nominated and installed by the Tovata chiefs of Lakeba and Vanua Balavu as 'Tui Lau' in 1869. This title was ratified by a wider council of Fijian chiefs and subsequently formalised under British colonial administration. In 1874, Maʻafu went to Fiji in an expedition to Vanua Balavu to investigate the killing of a preacher.

In 1968 Kaunda was re-elected as president, running unopposed. During the following years Zambia adopted a one party system. In 1972 all political parties except UNIP were banned, and this was formalised in a new constitution that was adopted in 1973. The constitution framed a system called "one-party participatory democracy", which in practise meant that UNIP became the sole political factor in the country.

The RPYC clubhouse in Crawley, Western Australia The Royal Perth Yacht Club can trace its origins to 1841 when a group of sailors staged a modest regatta to celebrate Foundation Day. In 1865 this original group of pioneer sailors formalised the Perth Yacht Club. Early regattas at the club included yacht races and gig rowing races. Duck hunting was also popular at this time.

The origins of the NDTC joint venture were initiated in 1994 with a mineral right agreement between De Beers and the government of the Republic of Namibia, resulting in (Namibia-De Beers). In 2007, the NDTC was formalised with the two principles agreeing to sustainable natural resource mining through Environmental Management Plans, which have been instituted at all NamDeb mining operations within Namibia. However, mining operations prior to the formalised agreement resulted in extensive environmental damage, including the removal of tidal habitat, destruction of flora and fauna through additional roads and towns, disposal of sediments in the ocean and its effects on marine life, proliferation of waste mounds, accumulation of waste in the form of machinery and buildings and the scarring of the desert through transport. To date, no funds have been set aside by NamDeb or the NDTC to retroactively repair or restore natural habitat damaged by diamond mining operations.

18 He denies that a scientific method can yield truth mechanically. All knowing, no matter how formalised, relies upon commitments. Polanyi argued that the assumptions that underlie critical philosophy are not only false, they undermine the commitments that motivate our highest achievements. He advocates a fiduciary post-critical approach, in which we recognise that we believe more than we can prove, and know more than we can say.

Map of Mexico This is a list of municipalities in Mexico which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

Bächle on central square Freiburg Bächle Bächle The Freiburg Bächle are small water-filled runnels or formalised rills in the Black Forest city of Freiburg. They are supplied with water by the Dreisam and can be seen along most streets and alleyways in the old city, being one of the city's most famous landmarks. The word Bächle comes from the German Bach, meaning rivulet, with the Alemannic diminutive ending -le.

Map of Canada This is a list of municipalities in Canada which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

The modern ecumenical movement began to take shape at the end of the 19th century. Initiatives among students and between church mission agencies led the way. In Australia these included the Australian Student Christian Movement, formed in 1896, and the National Missionary Council, created in 1926. Organised ecumenism in Australia at the national church level was first formalised through the Australian Committee for the World Council of Churches (1946).

Rocky Plain is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". Rocky Plain School opened in 1923, and reached its highest number of students, 23, in 1934. Numbers subsequently declined, and the school closed on 13 March 1943, with the building later demolished.

There are numerous mountain biking tracks throughout Belair, and the City of Mitcham is expanded and formalised these tracks in the early 21st century. In November 2010 a two- metre-wide bitumen track opened between Caroline Avenue, Belair, and Beagle Terrace, Lynton, providing a trail for cyclists as an alternative to the dangerous curves of Belair Road. There are other tracks leading down to Lynton Train Station and Mitcham.

Colonel Johnnie Driscoll, head of the NATO Mutual Weapons Development Program noted Petter's light fighter concept. NATO was interested in ground-attack aircraft that could be operated from improvised airfields and could be manufactured by postwar European industry. Driscoll formalised a NATO requirement in August 1954 that would become the NATO light fighter competition. It was based on Petter's concept but included the requirement to use low-pressure tyres.

The first Formula 1 race was the 1946 Turin Grand Prix. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a world championship before the war, but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship did not become formalised until 1947. The first world championship race took place at Silverstone in the United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958.

Brady Creek is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name" for the creek which it is centred on and named after. It is divided between the cadastral Hundreds of Apoinga and English. The area was originally the territory of the Ngadjuri people.

Porter Lagoon is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". Most of the locality lies in the cadastral Hundred of Hanson; a small strip along the eastern side lies in the Hundred of Apoinga. The area was originally the territory of the Ngadjuri people.

The Home Office in turn was to make a grant to the local authorities within each MCC area of an amount representing the proceeds of certain fines, plus two thirds of the difference between them and actual expenditure. In practice the grant represented about 80% of the total cost, leaving the local authorities to fund the balance of 20%. The Criminal Justice Act 1972 formalised that funding ratio.

The Danish province of Øsel was ceded to Sweden under the 1645 Treaty of Brömsebro, which ended the Torstenson War, one theatre of the Thirty Years' War. It was retained after the Peace of Oliva and the Treaty of Copenhagen, both in 1660. The situation remained unchanged until 1710 when Estonia and Livonia capitulated to Russia during the Great Northern War, an action formalised in the Treaty of Nystad (1721).

The 1774 English cricket season was the third in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status. The scorecards of five first-class matches have survived. The Laws of Cricket were revised during the season, the first major revision since the 1744 season. The revision of the Laws introduced leg before wicket as a means of dismissal and formalised the standard width of a cricket bat.

Map of Kenya This is a list of municipalities in Kenya which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

There was renewed interest in formalised physical education during the Renaissance, and shortly thereafter gymnastics began to be introduced into some physical education programmes, such as in Prussia as early as 1776. The FIG was officially formed in 1881, then known as the European Gymnastics Federation. Tumbling, however, was not governed by the FIG until 1999. Before this time, the International Trampoline Federation governed the sport since its founding in 1964.

Map of Armenia This is a list of places in Armenia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

In 1852, after a church was built at Worton, the tithings became a chapelry of Potterne. Worton and Marston later became separate civil parishes, formalised in 1894. The population of the parish peaked in the mid-19th century, reaching 190 at the time of the 1861 census. A decline followed, with a low point of 96 in 1931, after which numbers gradually increased to reach 177 in 2011.

Map of Latvia This is a list of municipalities in Latvia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

The 2018 Welsh Labour Party deputy leadership election took place from 16 February to 21 April 2018. It followed a review in the Welsh Labour Party which for the first time formalised the role of Deputy Leader. As the then leader Carwyn Jones was male, only women were eligible to stand for the role of deputy. On 21 April 2018, Swansea MP Carolyn Harris was elected as Deputy Leader.

Tony Veale, who takes a more formalised computational approach than Koestler, has written on the role of metaphor and metonymy in humour,Veale, Tony (2003): "Metaphor and Metonymy: The Cognitive Trump-Cards of Linguistic Humor" (Afflatus.uce.ie) using inspiration from Koestler as well as from Dedre Gentner's theory of structure- mapping, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor, and Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier's theory of conceptual blending.

Traditionally Church of Ireland clergy were trained for the priesthood by attending Trinity College Dublin, studying at the divinity school. In 1873, following the Irish University Bill, Trinity officially became a non-denominational university, yet professors of theology had to be Anglicans.The Gospel and CITC - A brief historical survey. Reform.ie In 1911 an arrangement was formalised by which the House of Bishops and the college board governed the divinity school.

Certain resolutions of these paradoxes, particularly Graham Priest's dialetheism as formalised in LP, have the law of excluded middle as a theorem, but resolve out the Liar as both true and false. In this way, the law of excluded middle is true, but because truth itself, and therefore disjunction, is not exclusive, it says next to nothing if one of the disjuncts is paradoxical, or both true and false.

Koskinen and his team went on to win the Gagarin Cup, the KHL championship trophy in April 2015 and 2017. On 1 May 2018, Koskinen agreed to terms on a one year, $2.5 million contract with the Edmonton Oilers in the NHL, which was formalised 1 July 2018. On 21 January 2019, the Oilers signed Koskinen to a three-year, $13.5 million extension, carrying an annual cap hit of $4.5 million.

Map of China This is a list of places in China which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

The League's members were mostly British elites and wealthy Indian students and apprentices. However, as more working-class Indians came to Britain in the 1930s, a new organisation was formalised. In Coventry 1939, the Indian Workers Association (IWA) was born and became affiliated with the League. Many members of such groups were watched by Scotland Yard as their revolutionary activities ran contrary to the interests of imperial Britain.

Indian Adm. Robin Dhowan receiving Omani Rear Admiral Abdullah Bin Khasim Bin Abdullah Al Raisi at South Block, New Delhi; 7 September 2015 Oman is the first Gulf nation to have formalised defence relations with India. Both countries conducted joint military exercises in 2006 and subsequently signed a defense agreement. Following Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's visit to Oman in 2008, defence co-operation between the two countries was further stepped up.

The Efé assumed roles as watchmen for the Lese against the slavers. Belgian Congo was established in 1908, and the Belgian colonial government played a role in shaping the lives of the Efé and Lese. Chiefdoms among the Lese were formalised and police forces were created with Lese policemen. These supervised the work projects of the colonial administration: primarily the construction of three main roads in the Ituri region.

On 17 April 1738 Joseph married in Paris to Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy, niece and sole heiress of the enormous fortune of the deceased Prince Eugene of Savoy. She was also twenty years older than he was. Thanks to this union, Joseph came into the possession of large estates and assets. The marriage, however, was unhappy, and in 1752 they separated, but never formalised the divorce.

The arrangement was formalised in 1695 when his son Resta Patching granted the Quaker community a 2,000-year lease on the burial ground at a nominal rent. The growth of the community across west Surrey at this time is demonstrated by the number of towns and villages represented among the 70 burials: Guildford, Godalming, Farncombe, Shalford, Merrow, Albury, Wonersh, Bramley, Witley, Elstead, Hurtmore, Compton, Ewhurst, Dunsfold and St Martha.

Andrews is a rural locality in the Northern Areas Council of South Australia, located on the Hill River. Its boundaries were formalised in April 2001 for the long established name for the area. The district, which is primarily dedicated to primary production, mainly grain farming, is in the Spalding Ward of the council. The township has bulk grain handling and storage facilities as well as limited sporting and community facilities.

Map of Iran This is a list of municipalities in Iran which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

The championships were first held in 1890 under the name Inter Colonial Meet. The competition was staged at Moore Park in Sydney on 31 May 1890. Teams from the Australasian colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and New Zealand competed in the first formalised Australasian Athletics Championships meeting in 1893.Athletics Australia National Championships results A New Zealand team continued to compete in this event until the 1927/28 event.

4 om Grønland (Danish) Greenland got the right to one European Parliament member in the parliament election 1979. Greenland left in 1985, following a referendum in 1982 with 53% voting for withdrawal after a dispute over fishing rights. The Greenland Treaty formalised their exit. There has been some speculation as to whether Greenland might consider rejoining the European Union, although this seems highly unlikely to occur any time soon.

Alan Stephens described the permanent manning of Tindal as having "formalised the shift to the strategy of defence- in-depth—of defending Australia by controlling its air-sea gap".Stephens, Australia's Air Chiefs, pp. 52–53Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 283, 299–300 Late in 1983, Evans selected the site for the last of the Air Force's northerly "bare bases", RAAF Scherger, near Weipa on Cape York Peninsula.

1 November formation of Kopkamtib (Komando Operasi Pemulihan Keamanan dan Keteriban, or Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order), formalised this authority. However, on 5 October Sukarno moved to promote Maj. Gen. Pranoto Reksosamudro, considered a Sukarno loyalist, to Army Chief of Staff. After the promotion, The New York Times reported that an unnamed Western "diplomatic report" alleged that Pranoto was a former member of the PKI.

Grunnlovsforsamlingen Eidsvoll 1814 - painting by Oscar Wergeland. The speaker is C.M.Falsen and next to him sits W.F.K.Christie. The Norwegian Constituent Assembly (in Norwegian Grunnlovsforsamlingen, also known as Riksforsamlingen) is the name given to the 1814 Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in Norway, that voted the Norwegian Constitution and formalised the dissolution of the union with Denmark. In Norway, it is often just referred to as Eidsvollsforsamlingen, which means The Assembly of Eidsvoll.

Map of Iraq This is a list of municipalities in Iraq which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

The European Council, which is distinct from the European Union (EU), first formalised cultural cooperation policy in Europe with its European Cultural Convention. However, European Union-affiliated cultural policy, promoting unified cooperation between member states was first initiated with the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. Currently, a cultural contact point (CCP) is established in each EU member state, responsible for facilitating communication between the European Commission's Cultural Programme and each member state.

The Juhu Citizen Welfare Group is the outcome of many years of activism by Juhu residents who have been associated with other NGOs. It was formed in April 2002 (The Juhu Seatizen) and later formalised in August 2003 with its own monthly publication called The Juhu Citizen. Officially registered in March 2004, it now comprises voluntary members invited from NGOs in the K-West Municipal Ward of North West Mumbai.

Tłıchǫ Yatıì was traditionally only an oral language. Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì was one of the many Indigenous Canadian languages targeted by the Canadian Indian residential school system. Through the imperialistic British North America Act of 1867 and the Indian Act of 1876, the Canadian Government formalised its unilateral control over Indigenous people and their lands. By the 1920's these schools became mandatory for all indigenous children to attend.

A Metropolitan Police Service photographer films a protest in London. Police intelligence refers to an element of the British police. Staffed by police officers and support staff, its purpose is to track and predict crime with a view to curbing it. It is an emerging field that gained momentum after the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) launched the National Intelligence Model, which formalised the contribution intelligence makes to policing.

All of the Noble Titles of Tonga were formalised into their current states through royal decree under the Constitution of 1875. This hierarchy of titles were instituted by King George Tāufaāhau Tupou I in 19th Century. The Tui Pelehake was one of the six most ancient titles of Tonga. The fact that these six titles were held by some of the most powerful chiefs of the day, ultimately saved from extinction.

The Administration Police (AP) 25,000 strong, report to the Deputy Inspector General- APS. The AP started out as the native police who reported to the local village headman. In 1929 this was formalised by the Tribal Police Ordinance which also provided for their training under the oversight of the regional agents. Today the Administration Police is tasked with protective and border security as well as combating cattle theft and containing banditry.

The cadet school was promoted to university status as the Finnish National Defence University, and degrees formalised. He has published three books, one concerning the defence of Finland, one about the defence of Europe and an autobiography. In the 2000s, Hägglund promoted the development of the independent defence of Europe, and took the view that the United States would shift its focus away from Europe, changing the role of NATO.

By the late 1960s, economic conditions were becoming more difficult for the banking sector. In response, the National Commercial Bank of Scotland merged with the Royal Bank of Scotland. The merger resulted in a new holding company, the National and Commercial Banking Group being founded in 1968 with the merger formalised in 1969. The holding company was renamed The Royal Bank of Scotland Group on 4 July 1979.

Jagex themselves stated that they had worked with "a handful of indie developers" to have the game finished in time. The remade Ace of Spades was announced by Jagex on 1 November 2012, with a tentative release date set for the following month. The game was to be released for Microsoft Windows via the Steam digital distribution platform. On 5 December 2012, the release date was formalised to 12 December.

A number of Indian sports either originated in Maharashtra or were formalised here. These include Badminton (previously known as Poona game), Kabaddi, Kho kho, and Mallakhamba. In rural areas of Maharashtra, Kusti (Indian mud wrestling) and bullock cart competitions are regular fixtures during the annual jatra (carnival).The government of Maharashtra has in the past supported Kusti by building two permanent akhara (Indian training centers) in the Kolhapur area.

Mount Bryan East is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". Confusingly, it does not include the former government town of Mount Bryan East, which is now located in adjacent Mount Bryan. A school at Mount Bryan East was opened in 1885.

The very earliest races were informal events between working watermen who raced in their everyday work boat or wherry. These rowing boats were used to carry passengers and goods from one part of the river to another. As racing became more formalised the work boats were superseded by specialist racing craft. Several technical developments assisted in this transformation from the job of waterman to the sport of rowing.

An EBU scale quasi-PPM as used for international programme exchange. The EBU PPM is a variant of the British PPM designed for the control of programme levels in international programme exchange. It is formalised as the Type IIb PPM in IEC 60268-10. It is identical to the British PPM except for the scale plate, which is calibrated in dB relative to Alignment Level, which is marked 'TEST'.

It is mounted on base and surrounded by a low wall topped with a steel picket fence. Numerous plaques have been placed around the monument commemorating the voyages of other French ships. The headstone and tomb of Pere Receveur, the priest and naturalist of the French expedition, was erected many years after his death. Initially the grave was marked by an inscription on a tree and over time became more formalised.

Map of Azerbaijan This is a list of places in Azerbaijan having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Rounders () is regulated by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is similar to baseball. Game-play centers around innings where teams alternate at turns being batters and fielders. Points ("rounders") are scored by the batting team by completing a circuit around the field through four bases without being put 'out'. The earliest nationally formalised rules of play were devised by the GAA in Ireland in 1884.

Different methods of transport in South Africa include roads, railways, airports, water, and pipelines for petroleum oil. The majority of people in South Africa use informal minibus taxis as their main mode of transport. BRT has been implemented in some South African cities in an attempt to provide more formalised and safer public transport services. These systems have been widely criticised due to their large capital and operating costs.

Highland Dancers compete at the Cowal Highland Gathering 2008 Highland dance or Highland dancing ()Highland dancing. Am Faclair Beag - Scottish Gaelic Dictionary. is a style of competitive dancing developed in the Scottish Highlands in the 19th and 20th centuries, in the context of competitions at public events such as the Highland games. It was created from the Gaelic folk dance repertoire, but formalised with the conventions of ballet',Newton, Michael.

Scottish sword dance at the 2005 Bellingham (Washington) Highland Games Modern Highland dancing emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was 'created from the Gaelic folk dance repertoire, but formalised with the conventions of ballet'. It seems that forms of sword dancing were performed by warriors in many parts of Europe in the prehistoric period. Forms of sword dancing are also attested in the late Medieval period.

Tapu ae (also known as Tapuwai and Tapuwae) is a traditional Māori ball game. It is an adaptation of ki-o-rahi to a court game, and was formalised about 1900. Today it is played on a hard surface such as a netball court. The court consists of two sides where players pass the ball aiming to knock the block in the middle of the two sides over.

In a process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military.Santosuosso, Storming the Heavens, p. 10 In 107, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process that had been growing for centuries, of removing property requirements for military service.

After his campaigns in Illyricum, Octavian fought a war against Marc Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt in 31/30 BC. He won and became the sole ruler of Rome. After that he spent a few years laying the foundations for his personal rule. Illyricum became a province as a formal administrative unit in 27 BC, with the first settlement with the Roman senate. This formalised his personal rule.

For example, in Dutch, the apostrophe is inserted before the s when pluralising most words ending in a vowel or y for example, (English babies) and (English radios). This often produces so-called "Dunglish" errors when carried over into English. Hyperforeignism has been formalised in some pseudo-anglicisms. For example, the French word (from English pin) is used (with the apostrophe in both singular and plural) for collectible lapel pins.

This is a list of places in the continent of Africa which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

This is a list of places in the continent of Asia which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

This is a list of places in the continent of Oceania which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

He or she may be assigned part-time or full-time to the scouting task. The desired characteristics of a technology scout are similar to the characteristics associated with the technological gatekeeper. These characteristics include being a lateral thinker, knowledgeable in science and technology, respected inside the company, cross- disciplinary orientated, and imaginative personality. Technology scouts would also often play a vital role in a formalised technology foresight process.

Map of Argentina This is a list of municipalities in Argentina which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

After the Scottish Reformation was formalised, the abbey buildings were neglected, and the choir and transepts of the abbey church were pulled down in 1570. The nave was retained as the parish church of the Canongate. William Allan. The royal apartments in the north-west tower of the palace were occupied by Mary, Queen of Scots, from her return to Scotland in 1561 to her forced abdication in 1567.

The ministers meet in camera a day before a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) of the Council of the European Union. They communicate their decisions via press and document releases.Eurogroup on eurozone.europa.eu. The group is related to the Council of the European Union (only Eurogroup member states vote on issues relating to the euro in the ECOFIN) and was formalised under the Treaty of Lisbon.

He came into fame after taking part in 2007 in season 5 of Kokhav Nolad ( meaning A Star Is Born) structured on the international Idol series. He was eliminated after a showdown with Shlomi Bar'el before the finals.ESCToday: Israel – Latest developments – Decision will not be formalised yet Aharoni finished 4th overall, with Bar'el ending up third. The 2007 title was won by Bo'az Ma'uda with Marina Maximilian Blumin as runner-up.

Map of Jordan This is a list of municipalities in Jordan which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

The Ulster Workers Council was a loyalist workers' organisation set up in Northern Ireland in 1974 as a more formalised successor to the Loyalist Association of Workers (LAW). It was formed by shipyard union leader Harry Murray and initially failed to gain much attention. However, with the full support of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) the UWC became the main mobilising force for loyalist opposition to power-sharing arrangements.

In 2001 he was appointed chairman of Kilmarnock Football Club. He remained as chairman until his resignation in 2003, when he was appointed as Honorary President. In 2005 Sir John reported on his "Review of Marches and Parades in Scotland" which was to be formalised through the Scottish Parliament to provide a framework for legal protocols of marches and parades within Scotland. He died on 19 February 2018.

After his Ph.D. in 1999, he remained in the USA but joined University of Edinburgh in 2004 as a Reader. In 2006, he became Professor of Web Data Management at the university. Fan has made fundamental contributions to both theory and practice of data management. He has both formalised the problems of querying big data and has developed radically new techniques that overcome the limits associated with conventional database systems.

Subsequently, in 1795 it was conquered by the Qajar dynasty. It was abandoned during the Russian occupation of the area which began in 1804 and was formalised by the Treaty of Gulistan (Gyulistan Peace Treaty) in 1813. Helenendorf was founded on the site in 1819 by Germans from Württemberg, as ordered by Czar Alexander to help settle the region. The region was known as Narimanov under the czar.

The law student Sinhala Union was established in 1943, in the wake of a renaissance against colonialism, when people irrespective of their race or religion joining hands together in the struggle for independence. Thus it was this Union that spearheaded the law students' contribution to this movement. The Law Students' Sinhala Union which was hence established was formalised and re-structured as an organised student union by Dr. C. Ananda Grero.

Retrieved on 2015-07-29. The competition emerged from an inter-colonial athletics event in 1890 between New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and New Zealand before becoming a formalised event. This marked a progression towards organised sports competition among the emerging colonial regions in the British Empire and occurred at the same time as the Sheffield Shield cricket developed into a formal regional tournament.Nielsen, Erik (2014-06-13).

Titus Lucretius Carus ( ; ; 99 – c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the philosophical poem De rerum natura, a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into English as On the Nature of Things. Lucretius has been credited with originating the concept of the three-age system that was formalised in 1836 by C. J. Thomsen.

The association was founded in 2000, at a time when there was a certain tolerance of prostitution in Spain after prostitution was decriminalised, and its constitution formalised the following year. Among its founders was José Luis Navarro Roberto. In 2001, ANELA denounced a case of trafficking in people in which a Romanian and a Lithuanian were the victims. The following year, the association applied to join the CEOE.

The name "National Press Monument" was formalised in 1973, and in 1977 the land was donated to the government. The museum was formally opened on 9 February 1978, after several new buildings were added. In his dedication speech, President Suharto warned the press about the dangers of freedom, stating "exercising freedom for freedom's sake is a luxury we cannot afford". In 2012 the museum was headed by Sujatmiko.

Map of Bangladesh __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Bangladesh which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

Denis Mack Smith, Italy and Its Monarchy, New Haven: Yale University Press p.271-272. Umberto was the first cousin of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. He was accorded the title Prince of Piedmont, which was formalised by Royal Decree on 29 September. In a 1959 interview, Umberto told the Italian newspaper La Settimana Incom Illustrata that in 1922 his father had felt that appointing Benito Mussolini prime minister was a "justifiable risk".

It features distinctively modernist, abstracted character, background and color design, formalised the role of animation director, performed here by Yasuji Mori, in the Japanese system and drew attention to the talents of key animators Yasuo Ōtsuka and Yōichi Kotabe (whose key animation for the film, though he is credited in it as an in-betweener, is his first) and assistant directors Isao Takahata and Kimio Yabuki. The score, composed by Akira Ifukube, is also acclaimed.

Bright is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It incorporates most of the cadastral Hundred of Bright, which was proclaimed on 17 June 1875 and named for politician Henry Edward Bright. The area was originally the territory of the Ngadjuri people. It was settled "well before 1900".

Emmeline suggested to Richard that they avoid the legal formalities of marriage by entering into a free union; he objected on the grounds that she would be excluded from political life as an unmarried woman. He noted that his colleague Elizabeth Wolstenholme Elmy had faced social condemnation before she formalised her marriage to Ben Elmy. Emmeline Goulden agreed, and they had their wedding in St Luke's Church, Pendleton on 18 December 1879.Purvis 2002, pp.

Mortimer G (2013) Object 5: Laws of the game], in A History of Cricket in 100 Objects. London: Profile Books. Retrieved 2019-02-16. The revision of the Laws formalised the standard width of a cricket bat at , a measure that had been introduced by the Hambledon Club following the Monster Bat Incident of 1771.Vamplew W (2007) Playing with the Rules: Influences on the Development of Regulation in Sport, p.33–34.

He said "Obviously we can't prohibit the West from imposing sanctions on South Africa and we welcome every form of pressure on the apartheid regime." Relations between South Africa and Botswana were formalised with the establishment of representative offices in both countries in 1992. The upgrading of relations to full diplomatic level came into force on 22 June 1994. The two countries enjoyed good relations during the presidencies of Thabo Mbeki and Festus Mogae.

Sthananga Sutra (Sanskrit: Sthānāṅgasūtra Prakrit: Ṭhāṇaṃgasutta) (c. 3rd-4th century CE) forms part of the first eleven Angas of the Jaina Canon which have survived despite the bad effects of this Hundavasarpini kala as per the Śvetāmbara belief. This is the reason why, under the leadership of Devardhigani Ksamasramana, the eleven Angas of the Svetambara canon were formalised and reduced to writing. This took place at Valabhi 993 years after Māhavīra's nirvana.

To adjust the angle of the sails, the entire mast rotates in place. When fully deployed, the sails on each mast have no gaps between them, creating a single panel to capture the wind. It is estimated to have twice the efficiency of a traditional square rig. The design for the rig of Maltese Falcon was formalised and tested by Dutch naval architects Dykstra Naval Architects, and engineered and built by Insensys Ltd.

There were royal visits between the two countries over the following years, and at the visit of King Chulalongkorn to Emperor Nicholas II in July 1897, diplomatic relations were formalised. On 4 December 1897 was appointed Minister-Resident, and the consulate general of Russia was opened in Bangkok on 14 April 1898. Relations were warm into the early twentieth century, until the Russian Revolution in 1917 brought an end to the Russian Empire.

In 1932 large areas of Kappawanta and neighbouring properties Hillside and Portanna, were all swept by bushfires that started from lightning strikes. Severe storms hit the area in 1942 with the homestead being unroofed and many windmills being blown over. George and Edward Morris owned the station until 1948, when they sold it to R. Sheehan. The boundaries of the locality of Kappawanta were formalised in November 1999 for the long established local name.

Edinburgh Skeptics was the fifth Skeptics in the Pub group to be established in the UK. The group was formalised as Edinburgh Skeptics Society in 2009 by Ash Pryce, later to be joined by Alex Buque and Keir Liddle in 2010. Edinburgh Skeptics was one of the first Skeptic groups in the UK to implement an anti-harassment policy to promote inclusiveness. The policy "Respect people, challenge ideas" covers both visiting speakers and attendees.

Map of Norway __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Norway having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Portugal __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Portugal having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (geminações) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Romania __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Romania having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (orașe înfrățite) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of the Netherlands __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in the Netherlands having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Denmark __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Denmark having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (venskabsbyer) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Belgium __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Belgium having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Northern Cyprus. __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in North Cyprus having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Later this ordinance was formalised as the Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1997. Thus Tamil Nadu became the first state in India to ban ragging in educational institutions and criminalise the act. John David was convicted of Navarasu's murder and was given a double life sentence (to be served consecutively) by the Cuddalore district sessions court on 11 March 1998. The Madras High Court overturned the verdict on 5 October 2001 and acquitted him.

Categories represent abstractions of other mathematical concepts. Many areas of mathematics can be formalised by category theory as categories. Hence category theory uses abstraction to make it possible to state and prove many intricate and subtle mathematical results in these fields in a much simpler way. A basic example of a category is the category of sets, where the objects are sets and the arrows are functions from one set to another.

SH38 is the only road that leads through the park. The road is unsealed over 74 km. On 28 July 1954, the catchment areas of Lake Waikaremoana, Lake Waikareiti and other Crown reserves were gazetted as a national park, and by 1957 proposals were well underway to add the rest of the Crown land in Te Urewera north of Ruatahuna. This proposal was formalised in November 1957 when an additional 1,350 km² were added.

Spring insisted on a formalised system of programme managers, and state-paid advisers to push the new Government's policy platform. However support for the Labour Party declined, particularly as many voters felt betrayed at Labour for going into government with Fianna Fáil. In 1994 the Labour Party performed disastrously in two by-elections, in Dublin South-Central and in Cork North-Central. In both cases the seats were won by Democratic Left.

Following the killing of 6 top generals and failed "coup attempt", the surviving general, Suharto, accepted President Sukarno's order to take control of the army. Suharto's condition was that he be handed full authority to restore order and security, an arrangement that was formalised by creating Kopkamtib.Ricklefs (1991), p. 287. The conflict between the forces of the military and their rivals the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), had predated the setting up of the organisation.

Map of Slovenia __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Slovenia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Twin towns of Raseiniai Map of Lithuania __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Lithuania having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

The name and boundaries of Kooroona were formalised on January 1999, in respect of the long established local name. The area was alternatively known as Copper Valley, and had previously been known as South Bower, after a mining venture in the area. The historic Moonta Cemetery is located at the northern tip of Kooroona and is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. The remainder of the locality is largely agricultural land.

Map of North Macedonia __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in North Macedonia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Slovakia __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Slovakia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Moldova __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Moldova having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Serbia __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Serbia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Kosovo __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Kosovo having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Montenegro __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Montenegro having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of the Faroe Islands __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Faroe Islands having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Revised ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984: 221. Danelaw can describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between Alfred the Great, the king of Wessex, and Guthrum, the Danish warlord, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878. In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.

Map of Switzerland __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Switzerland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of South Korea This is a list of places in South Korea which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

Map of India __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in India which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

Following their FA Cup victory in 1921, Spurs players started to wear the cockerel emblem on their shirts. At McWilliam's instigation a nursery club was established at Northfleet in about 1922, an arrangement that was formalised in 1931 and lasted until the Second World War. Thirty-seven Spurs players, nine of whom became internationals, started their playing career at Northfleet. They include Bill Nicholson, Ron Burgess, Taffy O'Callaghan, Vic Buckingham and Ted Ditchburn.

Overall, this reduced the need for the protection provided by a clan whilst increasing the costs for the clan leaders. The clan chiefs who fully subscribed to this new system of regulation were rewarded with charters that formalised their ownership of clan lands. The combination of these initiated the demise of clanship. The process continued as clan chiefs began to think of themselves as landlords, rather than as patriarchs of their people.

This was legitimised with the explanation that women were impure through menstruation and that their presence at the ceremonies would distract male participants. As it existed in Jamaica, Rastafari did not promote monogamy. Rasta men are permitted multiple female sex partners, while women are expected to reserve their sexual activity for one male partner. Marriage is not usually formalised through legal ceremonies but is a common-law affair, although many Rastas are legally married.

Since the time of Aman ul-Mulk an informal para-military force existed. In 1909 the force was formalised and came to consist of 6 companies, each with 110 men, thus the State Bodyguard Force came into being. Shuja ul-Mulk as Mehtar was to be the Chief Commander of the force. With the passage of time the force grew so as to include as many as 40 companies consisting of over 4,000 strong men.

In 1892 three more battalions were established. In 1894 the military administration set up the Bosnian Herzegovinian Infantry Regiment Association (Bosnisch-Hercegowinische Infanterie den Regimentsverband) in order to integrate them into the rest of the Imperial Austrian army. On 1 January 1894 a "Most High Resolution" (Allerhöchste Entschließung) formalised this measure but it proved to be difficult and was not completed until 1897. The Field Rifles Battalion (Feldjägerbataillon) was established in 1903.

A gram panchayat () or village panchayat is the only grassroots-level of panchayati raj formalised local self-governance system in India at the village or small-town level, and has a sarpanch as its elected head. The failed attempts to deal with local matters at the national level caused, in 1992, the reintroduction of panchayats for their previously used purpose as an organisation for local self-governance. There are about 250,000 gram panchayats in India.

Dr. Rao formalised his identity by saying, "This girl of my daughters friend is very clever, while being MBBS, Dr. Malavankar is working as a junior for a well-known doctor .... etc." Babasaheb was then the Labor Minister in the Viceroy's Executive Council. Until that time Dr. Sharda did not know much about Dr. Ambedkar, except that he is in Viceroy Council member. Dr. Sharada was impressed with Dr. Ambedkar's stunning personality.

In the early 1830s an attempt was made to formalise the leases but this grant was not formalised until October 1838, by which time the lot had been transferred to William Carr and George John Rodgers. Frederick Garling senior is likely to have been making plans to retire; his retirement was formally approved by the Governor in 1839. In addition to his townhouse Garling had been granted by Governor Macquarie in 1819.

It was 1841 before the grant was formalised for John Clarke. The site was first occupied by George Paton when he built the first part of a stone hotel consisting of a kitchen and bedroom which is now in part of the cellar. The Hero of Waterloo is the second oldest surviving hotel in Sydney; the oldest is the nearby Lord Nelson Hotel. Paton was a stonemason who had worked on the nearby Garrison Church.

The authority works with local councils to minimise overlap and duplication at the retail level and enhance consistency of enforcement activities and skills across the state. In July 2008, amendments to the Food Act formalised and mandated the (previously optional) food safety enforcement functions of local government. The amendments enabled the authority to appoint, after consultation, each local council to one of three predefined categories setting out each's food safety enforcement powers and responsibilities.

The waste classification system prior to federation in 1901 was not formalised and most refuse was directed to landfills or left in the streets. Exceptions were due to waste sea burials and to limited incineration practices, and required sorting in two additional streams characterised by flammable or sinkable waste. Recycling rates reduced, with only the low income classes inclined in pursuing these practices. Melbourne was considered the world's dirtiest city in the 19th century.

Ruins on the Brough of Birsay, once the seat of the early Norse jarls of Orkney. The Brough is now a tidal islet but in earlier times it was connected to Mainland Orkney by an isthmus. The Earl of Orkney was originally a Norse jarl ruling the archipelagos of Orkney and Shetland (Norðreyjar). Originally founded by Norse invaders, the status of the rulers of the Norðreyjar as Norwegian vassals was formalised in 1195.

A petty sessional division was, in England and Wales, the area that a magistrates' court had jurisdiction over (before the abolition of quarter sessions, specifically the petty sessions). Petty sessional divisions were gradually consolidated in the 20th century (being reorganised in 1953 under the Justices of the Peace Act 1949), and were replaced by local justice areas in 2005. Petty sessional divisions were formalised under the Division of Counties Act 1828 (9 Geo. IV c.

In 1872 proposals were formalised for what became the Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway. It was to run from the GWR's Oxford line at King's Sutton, and use the Chipping Norton branch and the Bourton-on-the-Water Railway as part of its route. The proposed capital was £800,000; this proved to be a significant underestimate. Considerable deposits of haematite iron ore were known to exist on the line of route at the eastern end.

Henry Cameron's platinotype reproductions of the first version of Hope had circulated since the painting's exhibition, but were slow to produce and expensive to buy. From the early 1890s photographer Frederick Hollyer produced large numbers of cheap platinotype reproductions of the second version, particularly after Hollyer formalised his business relationship with Watts in 1896. Hollyer sold the reproductions both via printsellers around the country and directly via catalogue, and the print proved extremely popular.

She returned to the Assembly of Madrid in 2015, after being elected in the regional election. In November 2016 Moñux-Vázquez filed a report on the spokesman of her parliamentary group, Enrique Ossorio, alleging she had suffered "a constant, humiliating and degrading treatment" inflicted on her by Ossorio. The mobbing accusation was dismissed in January 2017 by the judicial authorities. She finally formalised her renunciation to the parliamentary seat on 1 September 2017.

The town coat of arms was formalised on September 1, 1980, and was derived from 18th century seals. It depicts an apple orchard with golden fruits, with a silver background and red fields. The motto, "Ex fructibus arbos" alludes to the town name, this is also found on the church of San Cristoforo's apse, dating from the 18th century. Pomarolo's ancient inhabitants chose S. Cristoforo as patron and protector against natural calamities.

Map of West Bank This is a list of places in the State of Palestine having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as town twinning (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Spain __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Spain having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Signpost of twin towns in Brzeg Dolny __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Poland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (miasta partnerskie) are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Parnaroo is a rural locality in South Australia, situated east of Peterborough. It shares the same boundaries as the cadastral Hundred of Parnaroo, which was established on 31 October 1878. It was reportedly named for an Aboriginal word meaning "rain of little stones", which had been taken from a sheep run opened in the area in 1854. The modern locality was formalised in August 2000, and named for the long established local name.

The main homestead group focuses on the east and south with open rural land as its traditional address. The existing entry to Orielton follows the Old Northern Road easement in a north south direction curving sharply to the north west. At this point the drive is bordered by old pines and to the south is Narellan Creek. Towards the homestead group is evidence of previous hedges and remnant gardens formalised to the south.

One year after the recognition of the legal concept of native title in Mabo, the Keating Government formalised the recognition by legislation with the enactment by the Australian Parliament of the Native Title Act 1993.. The Act attempted to clarify the legal position of landholders and the processes to be followed for native title to be claimed, protected and recognised through the courts. The Act also established the National Native Title Tribunal.

Further settlements (Rezesse) between senate and Bürgerschaft constituted the more formalised coöperation between them. "The Reformation brought with it a significant curtailment of the senate's governmental power." In Hamburg the Reformation started in 1524 and was adopted by the Senate in 1529, fixed by the Langer Rezess (roughly: Long Settlement, negotiated for more than a year). The Langer Rezess made the ruling council (senate) accountable to several civic committees, forming together the Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft.

It formalised the ocean borders that had been de facto recognised by both countries since the early 1980s, when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was created. The treaty defines the boundaries between Australia and New Zealand's exclusive economic zones and continental shelf claims. Specifically, it defines two separate maritime boundaries, both of which are approximate median points between Australian and New Zealand territory. The two separate boundaries are not connected.

According to the Carnegie Mellon School an organization's ability to process information is at the core of organizational and managerial competency, and an organization's strategies must be designed to improve information processing capability Cyert, R.M. & March, J.G., 1959. A behavioural theory of organizational objectives. Modern Organization Theory, Wiley, New York, pp.76–90 and as information systems that provide that capability became formalised and automated, competencies were severely tested at many levels.

Edmund Bosworth, (2011), 'MĀ WARĀʾ AL-NAHR' Encyclopaedia Iranica (online) The modern Iranian boundaries of the province of Khorasan were defined and formalised in the late nineteenth century. In August 1968 and September 1978, the region was the scene of two major earthquakes that left 12,000 and 25,000 people dead, respectively. A third major earthquake, the 1997 Qayen earthquake, took place on 10 May 1997 and left 1,567 dead, 2,300 injured, and 50,000 homeless.

In 1994, the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna formalised existing voluntary management measures between Australia, New Zealand and Japan. The Convention created the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT). Its objective was to ensure, through appropriate management, the conservation and optimum utilisation of the global fishery. The convention applies to southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) throughout its entire migratory range, rather than within a specified geographic area.

Under the leadership of South Africa, peace talks held in that country between April and December 2002 led to the signing of a "comprehensive peace agreement." The Sun City Agreement was formalised on 19 April 2002. It was a framework for providing the Congo with a unified, multipartite government and democratic elections. However, critics noted that there were no stipulations regarding the unification of the army, which weakened the effectiveness of the agreement.

In 1808 the senior warrant officers – the Purser, the Master (later Navigating Lieutenant) and Surgeon – were officially recognized as "Warrant Officer of wardroom rank". It had long been the custom for Royal Navy Flag Officers to select as their secretaries "pursers of talent and approved character" and the Purser's other role as a Secretary was generally formalised by 1816. The Purser became formally responsible in 1825 for the payment of the ship's company.

57 Hawke convinced the Labor caucus to divide the ministry into two tiers, with only the most important Ministers attending regular cabinet meetings. This was to avoid what Hawke viewed as the unwieldy nature of the 27-member Whitlam cabinet. The caucus under Hawke exhibited a much more formalised system of parliamentary factions, which significantly altered the dynamics of caucus operations. Hawke and Keating formed an effective political partnership despite their differences.

The status of general practitioners as outside contractors was largely confirmed by the market-based reforms introduced by the Thatcher, Major and Blair governments. The working lives of hospital doctors changed from the 1970s onwards, as career paths and work patterns became increasingly formalised. Set rules on hours were introduced in the 1970s and refined in the 1980s and 1990s to dramatically reduce the number of hours junior doctors were expected to contribute.

Brinkley is a locality and former township in South Australia west of the Murray River and approximately south west by road from the centre of Murray Bridge. Its boundaries for the long-established locality were formalised in March 2000. It is named for the cadastral division in which it lies, the Hundred of Brinkley, which itself was named after Captain M. Brinkley who in 1860 was the clerk of the state's Executive Council.

Collinsville is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It has almost exactly the same boundaries as the cadastral Hundred of Tomkinson, with small variations on its western border. The Hundred of Tomkinson was proclaimed on 18 September 1879 by Governor William Jervois, named after politician Samuel Tomkinson.

Canowie Belt is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". The name is adapted from "Kanya-owie", an Aboriginal word for "rock waterhole", and was associated with the Canowie Station pastoral lease. A school at Canowie Belt opened as "Yongala Blocks" in 1904 and closed in 1967.

Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals had been associated before the creation of UMDS. Prior to 1769 the two hospitals were known as the United Hospitals. This arrangement was formalised in 1769, after which students of physicians were taught at Guy's Hospital while students of surgeons were taught at St. Thomas' Hospital. A dispute between the two hospitals regarding the successor to Sir Astley Cooper resulted in Guy's Hospital establishing its own medical school in 1825.

They produced such detailed reconnaissance of Neuve Chapelle with its intricate hidden defences that when the attack took place, the eventual human toll was far less than that of previous similar campaigns. A School of Photography was established in 1915 with a formalised training centre at Farnborough (later RAF Farnborough) in January 1917. Laws came back as Commanding Officer twice; first as a Squadron Leader in 1924 and secondly as a Wing Commander in 1933.

In Switzerland some breeders had continued to breed the traditional type of dual-purpose Braunvieh, and this was formalised as the Schweizer Original Braunvieh in 1993. It is registered in the same herd book as the modern-type Braunvieh, but has different breeding aims. Efforts to preserve the original Braunvieh type had begun in Germany in 1988 with the formation of the . In Italy it is known as the Bruna Italiana Vecchio Ceppo.

Director Neil Marshall applied for membership with the organisation to add "fresh blood", but Doomsday was not mentioned during jury deliberations. According to a spokesperson from the organisation, the film was not formally submitted for consideration, and no one directly invited the filmmakers to discuss a possible entry. Several of BAFTA Scotland's jury members believed that the criteria and procedures for a Scottish film were unclear and could have been more formalised.

Map of Albania __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Albania having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Belarus __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Belarus having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

In 1653, de Witt formalised their style as "their Noble or Great Mightinesses, the Lords States of the Province of Holland and West Friesland". The States of Holland met 4 times per year. Each city and town represented in the States had one vote, along with the College of the Nobility of Holland (Ridderschap in Dutch), which also had one vote. Each town could send as many representatives as it deemed necessary.

Castle Howard's South Lake in North Yorkshire was refashioned by Nesfield at the same time as he installed the Prince of Wales Fountain in the 1850s. Ten years later between the South Lake and New River Bridge, the area was formalised with the construction of the Cascade, Temple Hole Basin and the Waterfall. These features remained but fell into disrepair after the 9th Countess changed Nesfield's planting which surrounded the South Lake.

Sweden's northern dominance had ended, and Russia's emergence as the strongest Northern power was formalised through the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. At the beginning of the 20th century Riga was the largest timber export port in the Russian Empire and ranked the 3rd according to the external trade volume.Port of Riga over nine Centuries By 1900, Riga was the fifth largest city in Russian Empire after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, and Odessa.Riga, L. (2012).

The Metre Convention was signed on 20 May 1875 and further formalised the metric system (a predecessor to the SI), quickly leading to the production of the IPK. The IPK is one of three cylinders made in 1879 by Johnson Matthey, which continued to manufacture nearly all of the national prototypes as needed until the new definition of the kilogram came into effect in 2020.F.J. Smith. "Standard Kilogram Weights: A Story of Precision Fabrication".

Mobilong is a suburb of Murray Bridge in South Australia, on the west bank of the Murray River. Its boundaries were formalised in March 2000 to cover a portion of land adjacently north of the Murray Bridge city centre and including the Mobilong Swamp and Murray Bridge Irrigation Area. Mobilong was the original name for the early settlement of Murray Bridge itself. The present-day locality, however, was specifically named after Mobilong Swamp in 2000.

Paulson came to the University of Cambridge in 1983 and became a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge in 1987. He is best known for the cornerstone text on the programming language ML, ML for the Working Programmer. His research is based around the interactive theorem prover Isabelle, which he introduced in 1986. He has worked on the verification of cryptographic protocols using inductive definitions, and he has also formalised the constructible universe of Kurt Gödel.

Best interests’ assessments can be conducted informally and ad hoc or as formalised processes. Assessments look at everyday matters and decisions with more or less severe implications for the child. The best interests of a child may change significantly over time as children grow and their situations and capacities evolve, so their best interests’ may need to be reassessed periodically.Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47.

The Scottish League Championship (currently the Tennents League Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the domestic rugby union league system within Scotland. Operated by the Scottish Rugby Union, the championship was founded in 1973 as the first formalised national league system within any home nations country. The new six division championship replaced the haphazard Scottish Unofficial Championship that had been in operation until that time. The new top division is the Scottish Premiership.

Lashkari Zabān title in Nastaliq script Urdu in its less formalised register has been referred to as a ' (, ), meaning "rough mixture". The more formal register of Urdu is sometimes referred to as ( ), the "Language of the Exalted Camp", referring to the Imperial armyColin P. Masica, The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge Language Surveys (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). 466, or in approximate local translation Lashkari Zabān ( [])Khan, Sajjad, Waqas Anwar, Usama Bajwa, and Xuan Wang.

Instead they preferred to formalize a defensive union with their by now generally friendly eastern and northern neighbors. The interest of the States of Holland became evermore focused on the interest of the Northern provinces, and in spite of warnings of Orange, Holland formalised the defensive Union of Utrecht with its eastern and northern neighbours, on 23 January.Israel (1995), pp. 188-196The treaty is often called the "constitution" of the Dutch Republic.

The ACT Greens is a green political party located in the Australian Capital Territory, and a member of the federation of the Australian Greens. Both parties were formed in 1992, while the ACT achieved self-government just three years earlier, in 1989. Since its formation, the ACT Greens has had a significant presence in the ACT Legislative Assembly, forming a minority government with the Australian Labor Party, formalised by a Parliamentary Agreement, since 2008.

The Ngadjuri practiced formalised burial practices with bodies sometimes smoked or dried before burial and many buried skeletons were uncovered during the construction of the Spalding railway line. Large groups of up to a hundred men would hold mass possum hunts through the timbered hills. Although ceremonies were usually male-only private events, by the 1860s they had begun to commercialise them with the dominant capitalist culture spectators accepted and donations solicited.

On 8 August 2014, US-led coalition military operations against ISIS commenced in Iraq following an urgent request for international assistance from the Iraqi Government. This operation was formalised in September 2014 under the US designator Operation Inherent Resolve. New Zealand noted that the reason they joined the operation was due to ISIS's unprecedented success, brutal tactics and harm to civilians, and ability to recruit, fund and carry out sophisticated combat, terrorist and information operations.

Best interests’ assessments can be conducted informally and ad hoc or as formalised processes. Assessments look at everyday matters and decisions with more or less severe implications for the child. The best interests of a child may change significantly over time as children grow and their situations and capacities evolve, so their best interests’ may need to be reassessed periodically.Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47.

This decision was formalised at a special general meeting to the Freeman company on 21 September 1891, seeing the pro-Parnell board replaced with one that included Gray's son and Captain Maurice O'Conor. The Freeman and the National Press merged in March 1892, after which Gray was bought out of the company with her son and O'Conor stepping down from the board, thus ending the Gray family's 50 year relationship with the Freeman.

Octavian's lieutenants conducted various other operations in the region. Octavian temporarily restored Roman authority in Dalmatia and pushed into southern Pannonia, which had never before been reached by Roman armies.Appian, The Foreign Wars, The Illyrian Wars 16–28Cassius Dio, Roman History, 49.38.3 In 27 BC, the first settlement between Octavian and the Roman Senate formalised Octavian's absolute rule, bestowing the title of Augustus on him and making him the first Roman emperor.

On 13 June 1997, the formation of the Northern Alliance was formalised and Mazar was declared its capital city. Rabbani was reappointed president and Massoud appointed to Defence Minister. The coalition sought national reconciliation between the various ethnic and religious groups and across party lines, but this proved to be extremely difficult. Many in the Alliance did not trust Malik, who had committed treachery twice in May, first against Junbish and then against the Taliban.

188) The original Boy Scout uniform consisted of a khaki shirt and shorts, a neckerchief or "scarf", campaign hat (known as a "B-P hat" in Britain) and a Scout staff. The exact specifications for these items were formalised in 1910.Moynihan pp. 82-83 The first Sea Scout uniform was a seaman's cap issued at an experimental camp in Hampshire in August 1909; a navy blue jersey was adopted soon afterwards.

Village councils began in the 1950s and were formalised by the Village Councils Act 1999 which legalised their role and authority to administer village affairs. Villages are declared by ministerial order and one qualification for village status is a minimum of 200 voters. The council is required to meet at least once every quarter and has discretionary powers to appoint committees. Decisions of village committees are subject to the approval of their council.

It is likely that pre-Reformation undergraduates would have worn a black supertunica in common with students at all European universities of the time. By the latter part of James VI's reign, this had formalised into scarlet. Traditionally, the red colour was symbolic of a lower status, and was particularly visible. The post-Reformation gown evolved as a uniform for students, its visibility preventing them from engaging in illicit activities in their university towns.

Nothing more happened until 1913, when another man allowed his house in the Hampden Park area of Eastbourne (close to Polegate) to be used for worship. This arrangement was formalised into a monthly celebration of Mass from May 1919. Father John Corballis became parish priest of Our Lady of Ransom Church in January 1936 and immediately "set his mind on building a church at Polegate". The following month he paid £1,318.10s.10d.

The Western Australian state division of the Australian Labor Party was formed at a Trade Union Congress in Coolgardie in 1899. Shortly afterwards the federal Labor Party was formalised in time for Australian federation in 1901. The WA Labor Party achieved representation in the Western Australian Parliament in 1900 with six members, and four years later the party entered into minority government with Henry Daglish becoming the first Labor Premier of Western Australia.

While the two associations are distinct, they share similar elements of game play and culture. Competitions are held between teams from both traditions. After the rules of rounders were formalised in Ireland, associations were established in Liverpool, England; and Scotland in 1889. Both the 'New York game' and the now-defunct 'Massachusetts game' versions of baseball, as well as softball, share the same historical roots as rounders and bear a resemblance to the GAA version of the game.

Friends Meeting House, Owstwick Owstwick was a centre for Quaker faith in the 17th and 18th centuries. The religious dissenter George Fox was released from Scarborough Castle in 1666, and finding the Quaker movement languishing decided on a nationwide review of the religion and Quaker meetings. In 1669 the review reached Yorkshire, and Owstwick. Monthly meetings, previously based on larger areas, were broken down into smaller units, one being Owstwick, as part of a formalised pyramidic restructure.

In fact, they used little more than radiating bands of red, yellow and white glass coupled with a formalised style of cloud painting that had been used by ancient stained glass and panel painters. The effects achieved by apparently simple means are often of overwhelming impact. A renowned example that is reproduced in various books on the topic of stained glass is the Last Judgement window of St Mary's church, Hanley Castle, Worcestershire, dating from 1860.Sarah Brown, p.

The School was formed in 2008 when the nursing and midwifery college merged with the allied health sciences departments. The School of Nursing and Midwifery dates its history to the schools of St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Royal London Hospital, the former of which began training in 1867, formalised into a School in 1877. These merged in 1994 to become the St Bartholomew School of Nursing & Midwifery. In 1995 the new school was incorporated into City, University of London.

In 1999, the currency was born virtually, and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. It rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded around the rest of the EU. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty formalised the Euro's political authority, the Euro Group, alongside the European Central Bank. Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014 and Lithuania in 2015.

In April 1978, de Klerk was promoted to the position of Minister of Social Welfare and Pensions. In this role, he restored full autonomy to sporting control bodies which had for a time been under the jurisdiction of the government. As minister of Post and Telecommunications he finalised contracts that oversaw the electrification of that sector. As Minister of Mining he formalised a policy on coal exports and the structuring of Eskom and the Atomic Energy Corporation.

Mannanarie is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Northern Areas Council. It was established in April 2001, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It comprises most of the cadastral Hundred of Mannanarie, apart from a northern section which lies in Tarcowie and Yatina. The name stems from an Aboriginal word, "manangari", meaning "good string or cord", stemming from a local native plant useful for string making.

The town is a seasonal gathering point for the Kel Dinnik Tuareg confederation, who travel from the desert Azawagh in the rainy season and the Niger River valley in the dry season. Since the 1990s, the town has hosted a formalised version of the traditional fairs that take place at beginning of the southward transhumance cycle. This festival, named Tamadacht, has become a showcase of traditional and contemporary Tuareg and Wodaabe music, dance, sport, performance, and arts.

Sign in Aberystwyth with its twin towns Map of Wales __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Wales having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Since few were alive at older ages and their contribution to the next generation was therefore small relative to the large cohorts of younger age groups, the force of selection against such late-acting deleterious mutations was correspondingly small. Therefore, a genetic load of late-acting deleterious mutations could be substantial at mutation–selection balance. This concept came to be known as the selection shadow. Peter Medawar formalised this observation in his mutation accumulation theory of aging.

Trinidad thus became a British crown colony, with a largely French- speaking population and Spanish laws. British rule was later formalised under the Treaty of Amiens (1802). The colony's first British governor was Thomas Picton, however his heavy-handed approach to enforcing British authority, including the use of torture and arbitrary arrest, led to his being recalled. British rule led to an influx of settlers from the United Kingdom and the British colonies of the Eastern Caribbean.

The lynchpin to Japanese strength in the region was their main base at Rabaul. The reduction of this base came to be seen as a key tenet of success in the SWPA for the Allies and was formalised into Operation Cartwheel. In order to achieve this, the Allies needed access to a number of airbases in the region. Allied high commanders, including General Douglas MacArthur, directed that two airbases be secured: one at Lae and another at Finschhafen.

The European Air Transport command was officially established on 1 July 2010. On 1 September 2010 the inauguration took place at Eindhoven, in the presence of political and military leaders of the four participating nations; France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. 22 November 2012, Luxembourg acceded to the EATC, and in July 2014 Spain followed suit. Italy formalised in December 2014 to join EATC with 37 aircraft per January 2015 raising the EATC managed fleet to approx.

The northern section of the line between Mirandela and Bragança was suddenly closed in December 1991, with the closure being formalised in 1992. The southern section between Tua and Mirandela remained in use. Most of the remaining 54 km section south of Mirandela was closed abruptly in August 2008 on grounds that emergency track repairs were necessary. This followed the derailment of a railcar near Brunheda, resulting in the death of a passenger and 25 injuries.

Twin towns of Rimini in 2010 Map of Italy __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Italy having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Twin towns of Viljandi Map of Estonia __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Estonia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (sõpruslinnad) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Moyes 1966, p. 4. By June 1935, the Air Ministry had become interested in the project due to its high performance. On 9 July 1935, a design conference was held by Bristol at the ministry's request into the question of converting the Type 142 into a suitable medium bomber. Based upon talks from the conference, the Air Ministry quickly formalised Specification B.28/35 for prototypes of a bomber version; the Type 142M (M for military).

A sign showing twin towns of Zalaegerszeg Map of Hungary __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Hungary having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead). While most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Twin towns of Tampere Map of Finland __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Finland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (ystävyyskaupungit, ystävyyskunnat) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Language family trees are often used in conjunction with the method and "borrowings" must be excluded from the data, which is difficult when borrowing is within a family. It is often claimed that the method is limited in the time depth over which it can operate. The method is difficult to apply and there is no independent test. Thus alternative methods have been sought that have a formalised method, quantify the relationships and can be tested.

Twin towns of Kovel in 2009 Map of Ukraine __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Ukraine having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Bosnia and Herzegovina having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (gradovi prijatelji) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Twin town of Waldbredimus Map of Luxembourg __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Luxembourg having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

In 1880, Otto Temper, a South Australian school teacher, reported to the Royal Society of South Australia, the discovery he had made of an orchid "in respect of which Baron F. v. Mueller, has done me the honour of naming it Prasophyllum Tepperi". Tepper's description was formalised by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1882 with the name published in Systematic Census of Australian Plants. In 2002, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name of Prasophyllum tepperi to Corunastylis tepperi.

MSCP Poster outlining the various activities of the organisation. MSCP Website The Melbourne School of Continental Philosophy (MSCP) is an institution dedicated to scholarly, extensive and engaged readings of key figures and texts in the history of modern European thought and contemporary discourse.MSCP Identity Statement The School was founded in 2003 and formalised its status as an independent, not-for-profit organisation in 2004. It is based in Melbourne, Australia and is housed by The University of Melbourne.

Twin towns of Burhaniye Map of Turkey __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Turkey having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Signpost of twin towns in Ramat Gan __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Israel having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

This is a list of the Philippine twin towns, sister cities and other international relationships. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" or "sister cities", and while most of the places included are cities, it also includes municipalities, provinces and a region. The list is arranged by regions and then by provinces and then cities and municipalities. See also the lists of twin towns and sister cities.

Relief-decorated cups, some in lead-glazed wares, were produced at several eastern centres, and undoubtedly played a part in the technical and stylistic evolution of decorated Arretine, but Megarian bowls, made chiefly in Greece and Asia Minor, are usually seen as the most direct inspiration.Garbsch 1982, pp.30-33 These are small, hemispherical bowls without foot-rings, and their decoration is frequently very reminiscent of contemporary silver bowls, with formalised, radiating patterns of leaves and flowers.Hayes 1997, pp.

This independent service at Hayling island was formalised in 1971 and was called the Hayling Island Sea Rescue and Research Organisation (HISRrO). This service began regular patrols along the areas coast and inland estuaries. It also performed rescues and used to research and perfected rescue procedures and methods for divers. In 1975 the HISRrO and the RNLI agreed to operate a joint service and in 1975 the partnership began operating from a new boathouse at Sandy point.

Under Julius Caesar, command of legions became informally entrusted to single officers dubbed legati ("chosen ones") appointed by the proconsul, or governor, of the province in which the legions were stationed. This position was formalised under Augustus. In the imperial army, the tribunes thus became staff-officers to the legatus. Formally, tribunes were entrusted with the legion's administration and paperwork, for which purpose they were each provided with a small personal staff of principales and military clerks (cornicularii).

John Ruskin, the preeminent art critic of 19th century England. From the 19th century onwards, art criticism became a more common vocation and even a profession, developing at times formalised methods based on particular aesthetic theories. In France, a rift emerged in the 1820s between the proponents of traditional neo-classical forms of art and the new romantic fashion. The Neoclassicists, under Étienne-Jean Delécluze defended the classical ideal and preferred carefully finished form in paintings.

It is not readily established what the cuticle represents. Lang (1945) had it as an epidermal layer, similar to the waxy cuticle of plants today, covering a parenchymatous layer. Alternatively, Edwards (1982) proposed that the inner tissue of Nematothallus comprised stringy tubes, with the cellular patterning produced by their ends. The genus was later formalised by Strother, who discovered better preserved and more complete specimens in Pennsylvania, America – which appear to show tubes connected to the rims of cuticle.

He agreed to surrender all of England's possessions in northern France, including Calais and make peace. In exchange the French agreed to restore most of the Duchy of Aquitaine to Richard, provided he would pay homage to the king of France for it. Richard agreed to seal the treaty at a personal meeting with Charles V of France. Richard's enemies soon learned of the attempt and decided to move against him to prevent the peace treaty from being formalised.

In late 2010, NRP and FUNCINPEC leaders including Nhek Bun Chhay publicly called for Ranariddh to return to politics. Ranariddh initially resisted the calls, but changed his mind and returned in December 2010. For the next one-and-a-half years, Ranariddh and Nhek Bun Chhay negotiated for a merger between NRP and FUNCINPEC. An agreement was formalised in May 2012, whereby Ranariddh would be made the president of FUNCINPEC, while Nhek Bun Chhay would become its vice-president.

Cannon, p. 16 The regiment took part in an expedition which captured the town of Rota in Spain in spring 1702Cannon, p. 19 and then saw action at the Battle of Vigo Bay in October 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession.Cannon, p. 20 The regiment became the 7th Regiment of Foot (Royal Fusiliers) in 1751, although a variety of spellings of the word "fusilier" persisted until the 1780s, when the modern spelling was formalised.

A classroom at Nauru Secondary School after refurbishment as part of an Australian aid package to the island state. Education in Nauru was first formalised by the work of Protestant missionaries in the early twentieth century. The first schools were established by missionary Philip Delaporte, teaching children literacy in the Nauru language. In 1923, the joint administration of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand made education compulsory and established a curriculum based in the English language.

In 1992, the first four locations of Park & Charge were established under the "pilot and demonstration project P & D" of the Federal Office of Energy in Bern. After a three-year experimental phase, the project went into regular operation. The Electromobile Club of Switzerland (ECS), which has accompanied the project, took over the financial and legal responsibility for Park & Charge. In the subsequent period Park & Charge became so popular that it needed to be legally formalised.

Although land in the district belonged officially to the British Crown, the British civil commissioner of Smithfield, Charles Halse, made a personal fortune speculating in private land deals. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boer republic of Orange Free State, formalised with the signing of the Orange River Convention.About Lesotho . Accessed 1 May 2015 A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State.

In July 1873, Joseph Wendelin Heckelmann purchased in Elizabeth Street from which he subdivided in 1878. In 1884 he erected a two storeyed business premises with cellars which Arthur S and Leopold S Benjamin, merchants, occupied and opened on 22 October 1884. A seven-year lease between the Benjamin Brothers and Heckelmann was formalised from September of that year at an annual rate of . The premises, which cost were designed by architect Andrea Stombuco and erected by W Watson.

Numerous loans from the previous campaign officially expired on and around 30 June. They were due to meet 3 de Febrero in a pre-season friendly on that same day, but the match was cancelled a day prior. Atlético de Rafaela snapped up Júnior Mendieta and Alan Bonansea from Lanús on 3 July. Barracas Central formalised a fourth signing from the club, a third on loan, on 4 July as Enzo Ortiz headed off across Buenos Aires.

The Conservative Party, for example, generally supports the unionist cause and in 2008 re-formalised a (since ended) link with the Ulster Unionist Party and relied on the support of the Democratic Unionist Party until the 2019 United Kingdom General Election in the House of Commons, while Labour has traditionally supported Irish nationalism and is loosely allied to the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). The Liberal Democrats are linked with the cross-community Alliance Party.

Later in 1957, Australian immunologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet published a paper titled "A modification of Jerne's theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection" in the rather obscure Australian Journal of Science. In it Burnet expanded the ideas of Talmage and named the resulting theory the "clonal selection theory". He further formalised the theory in his 1959 book The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity. He explained immunological memory as the cloning of two types of lymphocyte.

The improvements on the selection included a dwelling house worth , another dwelling house worth , stockyard and paddock fences worth . Although Moore paid rent for his selection from January 1873, the lease was not formalised until 20 October 1879 after an official survey. Isaac Moore remained on his selection until 1875 when his 14 month old daughter, Henrietta, died and was buried on a hill overlooking the homestead. The management of Kenilworth was taken over by Patrick Lillis.

After the relegation of Bari in Serie B, there were rumours of a possible transfer to Chievo Verona and especially Torino, but on 11 August 2011 a transfer was formalised to Sienna, newly promoted to Serie A. The anchor of the midfield, made his debut under Giuseppe Sannino on 11 September against Catania and scored his first goal for the bianconeri 20 November, in a home game against Atalanta. He played 33 games for the club, scoring 1 goal.

Twin towns memorial in Yaroslavl Map of Russia This is a list of places in Russia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

The interim boundary was formalised in December 1925 by an inter-government agreement that was ratified by the three parliaments in London, Dublin and Belfast, without changes from the 1920 demarcation lines.Treaty (Confirmation of Amending Agreement) Act, 1925 Irish Statute Book The border agreement was then lodged with the League of Nations on 8 February 1926, making it a matter of international law. The Boundary Commission's report was superseded by events and so it was not published until 1969.

The communist government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) conducted a decades long program of coercive administration and distribution of performance-enhancing drugs, initially testosterone, later mainly anabolic drugs to its elite athletes. The aim of this program was to bolster the state image and prestige by winning medals in international competition such as the Olympic games. The East German doping system started in the 1960s. The system was extremely formalised and heavily based on a notion of secrecy.

Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics. Early taxonomists such as Linnaeus had no option but to describe what they saw: this was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test. Later biologists have tried to refine Mayr's definition with the recognition and cohesion concepts, among others.

The Victorian government established the children's court in 1906 shortly after the creation of a similar court in New South Wales (see, the Children's Court of New South Wales). The Children's Court Act 1906 provided that children's matters were to be dealt with separately from adult matters. The new law also established “probation officers” who were to provide information to the court on a child's habits and conduct. This now formalised the previous voluntary basis of supervisions.

Russell formalised the art loan programme in 1959 under the name Paintings in Hospitals. In 1960 it gained significant financial support from the Nuffield Foundation over a period of 15 years to establish a permanent collection of artworks for loan to other hospitals. Early acquisitions for the Paintings in Hospitals collection included paintings by John Bratby, Gillian Ayres and Mary Fedden. Within a period of ten years, the Paintings in Hospitals scheme grew to include 40 hospitals.

During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa", the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland. At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the colony was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalised in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.

This had been known as The Free Press prior to Collet taking it over and was a mouthpiece for the views of David Urquhart. Collet invited radicals to contribute to the Diplomatic Review and as a result began publishing articles by Karl Marx. The two became great friends and weekly meetings were held at each other's houses at which Shakespeare readings were given by members of their families. These meetings became formalised as the Dogberry Club.

In 1996, legislation formalised the extension of the Security Service's statutory remit to include supporting the law enforcement agencies in their work against serious crime. Tasking was reactive, acting at the request of law enforcement bodies such as the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS), for whom MI5 agents performed electronic surveillance and eavesdropping duties during Operation Trinity. This role has subsequently been passed to the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) and then the National Crime Agency (NCA).

In the Theatre Union roles had been shared, but now, in Theatre Workshop, they were more formalised. Littlewood was the sole producer and MacColl the dramaturge, art director and resident dramatist. The techniques that had been developed in the Theatre Union now were refined, producing the distinctive form of theatre that was the hallmark of Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop, as the troupe was later known. They were an impoverished travelling troupe, but were making a name for themselves.

Community courts, which apply customary law, were created by the Community Courts Act 10 of 2003. Matters are decided by traditional leaders in the presence of the community. This road of dispute resolution has been formalised in acknowledgment of custom and culture, and to allow official access to some legal procedure for people who cannot afford to access the mainstream courts. Community courts may only adjudicate civil cases, and all parties must agree to be subject to it.

The district was a township of the ancient parish of Manchester in the Salford Hundred of Lancashire. The abolition of Withington's manorial rights in the 1840s meant that local government began to be formalised. Chorlton became part of Chorlton Poor Law Union (named after Chorlton-on-Medlock), then Withington Urban District. From 1876 to 1894 Chorlton was part of the district administered by the Withington Local Board, and from 1894 to 1904 part of Withington Urban District.

The history of individual tribal groups is kept by means of narratives, songs and chants, hence the importance of music, story and poetry. Oratory, the making of speeches, is especially important in the rituals of encounter, and it is regarded as important for a speaker to include allusions to traditional narrative and to a complex system of proverbial sayings, called . Oral traditions include songs, calls, chants, and formalised speech patterns that recall the history of the people.

George Starkey's alchemical laboratory expertise and formalised methodology were highly respected by the scientific community and became the basis for later practices in eighteenth-century experimental chemistry. His influence on Boyle's work and discoveries in chymistry is indisputable. It is perhaps the survival of Starkey's laboratory journals that is most important, for they provide the least opaque window through which to view the laboratory operations and methodological practices of a seventeenth-century alchemist.Newman and Principe, 2002, p. 93.

In the southern provinces (modern-day Belgium) heerlijkheden and the associated rights were abolished after the French invasion of 1795. In the northern provinces (modern-day Netherlands) they were declared abolished around the same time as part of the inauguration of the Batavian Republic. This was formalised in the 1798 Batavian Constitution (Bataafsche Staatsregeling). A distinction was made between the feudal rights of appointment and patronage, which were completely abolished, and the income- related rights, which were more complicated.

Further competition arrived in 1883, when the Eastern and Midlands Railway opened a railway station near the terminal basin on its line from Melton Constable to North Walsham. Despite this, wherries were using the navigation until 1912, when a disastrous flood damaged the locks. Assessment of the damage suggested that repairs would cost £4,000, which the Commissioners could not find, and so the navigation was abandoned. This act was formalised in 1928, when it was officially abandoned.

Twin towns of Glastonbury Administrative divisions of England __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in England having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Inspired by Schrödinger's treatment of the EPR paradox back in 1935, Wiseman et al. formalised it in 2007 as the phenomenon of quantum steering. They defined steering as the situation where Alice's measurements on a part of an entangled state steer Bob's part of the state. That is, Bob's observations cannot be explained by a local hidden state model, where Bob would have a fixed quantum state in his side, that is classically correlated, but otherwise independent of Alice's.

The settlement was also surveyed at this time, but by then the goldfield itself, and the buildings and streets already established had shaped the town and the survey merely formalised what was already in place. This can still be seen clearly in the irregularity of the major streets. Ravenswood was gazetted as a town in 1871 and such public buildings as a courthouse, a school and a Post Office and Telegraph Station were constructed within the first few years.

The tiny stylised bronzes of the Geometric period gave way to life-sized highly formalised monolithic representation in the Archaic period. The Classical period was marked by a rapid development towards idealised but increasingly lifelike depictions of gods in human form.Donald E. Strong, pp. 33–102 This development had a direct effect on the sculptural decoration of temples, as many of the greatest extant works of ancient Greek sculpture once adorned temples,Donald E. Strong, pp.

In the Ionian Islands in the 19th century, there was a practice of formalised fighting between men over points of honor. Knives were the weapons used in such fights. They would begin with an exchange of sexually related insults in a public place such as a tavern, and the men would fight with the intention of slashing the other's face, rather than killing. As soon as blood was drawn onlookers would intervene to separate the men.

On 8 January, Sinn Féin apologised for McElduff's actions, condemned the video, and suspended him from Sinn Féin for three months. McElduff announced on 15 January that he was resigning his seat. He was appointed the Steward and Bailiff of the Three Hundreds of Chiltern on 16 January 2018, a mechanism by which an MP's resignation is formalised. The constituency of West Tyrone was created for the 1997 election and has been held by Sinn Féin since 2001.

The Austro-Hungarian government began negotiations to secure Italian neutrality, offering the French colony of Tunisia in return. The Allies made a counter- offer in which Italy would receive the Southern Tyrol, Austrian Littoral and territory on the Dalmatian coast after the defeat of Austria-Hungary. This was formalised by the Treaty of London. Further encouraged by the Allied invasion of Turkey in April 1915, Italy joined the Triple Entente and declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May.

Dyfed. The Lordship of Haverfordwest is shown in green, and the Lordship of Walwyn's Castle in blue The Hundred of Roose (sometimes called Rowse) was a hundred in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It has its origins in the pre-Norman cantref of Rhos and was formalised as a hundred by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Its area was about . The area became an English "plantation" in the 12th century, part of the English-speaking Little England beyond Wales.

The word ego is taken directly from Latin, where it is the nominative of the first person singular personal pronoun and is translated as "I myself" to express emphasis. Figures like Bruno Bettelheim have criticized the way "the English translations impeded students' efforts to gain a true understanding of Freud"Quoted in Neville Symington, Narcissism: A New Theory (London 1996) p. 10. by substituting the formalised language of the elaborated code for the quotidian immediacy of Freud's own language.

In Queensland the three AWU branches were consolidated into one and the state divided into six districts. The amalgamation was formalised on 1 July 1913. The AWA had held a virtual monopoly in North Queensland and the new organisation led to the national membership of the AWU reaching 62,000, 22,321 of whom were Queenslanders, making it the largest branch of the largest union in Australia at the time. This amalgamation spelt the end of the ALF.

In 2008 work began at the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to develop a new standard for course descriptions to be used across Europe: EN 15982 -Metadata for Learning Opportunities- (MLO) Advertising. The XCRI Course Advertising Profile is one of several specifications, including Norway's Course Description Metadata submitted as part of this effort. XCRI-CAP 1.2 is a conformant profile of BS EN 15982, and was formalised as BS 8581 parts 1 & 2 in October 2012.

Published mathematical arguments have to conform to a standard of rigour, but are written in a mixture of symbolic and natural language. In this sense, written mathematical discourse is a prototype of formal proof. Often, a written proof is accepted as rigorous although it might not be formalised as yet. The reason often cited by mathematicians for writing informally is that completely formal proofs tend to be longer and more unwieldy, thereby obscuring the line of argument.

Later, such associations became permanent and were formalised legally as non-profit recreational associations, still with the primary goal of providing a better spectacle at the stadium and surroundings. In the beginning the torcida organizada movement was fragmentary, but would later consolidate in larger bodies or leagues. Some torcidas would open branches throughout the country to support their teams playing away, given the national range of their supporters. Many of Santos' firms were created through such methods.

This became known as the Euro summit and has held meetings irregularly during the financial crisis. Since the beginning of the monetary union, its role has grown in regards to the euro's economic governance. The fact the group meets just before the Ecofin council means it can pre-approve all Ecofin's decisions on eurozone affairs.Schwarzer, Daniela (24 November 2006) Institutionalisation through the back door , Eurozone Watch In 2009 the Treaty of Lisbon formalised the group and its president.

In the society of states tradition, states are seen as individual entities that can mutually agree on common interests and rules of interaction, including moral rules, in much the same way as human individuals can. Often, this idea of agreement between peers is formalised by a social contract argument. One prominent exemplar of the tradition is John Rawls. In The Law of Peoples, Rawls extends the method of his A Theory of Justice to the question of global justice.

Aníbal Coutinho projected the stadium to generate R$150 million per year. Andres Sanchez expects revenue to reach R$200 million per year and expenses to be up to R$35 million per year. Revenue will come from ticket sales and commercial properties in the arena, especially corporate conventions, fairs and events. On 25 August 2013, Andres said that out of 16 naming rights properties, he had already secured seven buyers, although no deals had yet been formalised.

The wire security fence now enclosing the area is set back from the original boundary a distance of . The earliest graves in the cemetery were arranged in east facing rows, a traditional orientation. As the number of burials in the cemetery increased during the early 20th century, it seems that a number of conscious decisions were made regarding planning and layout. The cemetery gradually became more formalised with distinct groupings of graves for each branch of the family.

Leighton (originally Baldry) is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". The settlement began as a private subdivision known as Baldry, which was first put up for auction in January 1875. It subsequently adopted the name of Leighton, which was the name of a family of early settlers in the area.

Mr Foulkes, a solicitor, narrates the tale of Sir Thomas Gladwin of Worldstone Park, a rich country gentleman. A widower, he is engaged to Nettie Tyler, a girl many times younger than he is, and he has altered his Will in her favour. Four days before the wedding, he is killed in a horse riding accident. The Will has not been formalised and the estate goes to his daughter Beatrice, who had largely been cut out of her inheritance.

The establishment of metropolitan municipalities took a long time. In 1989 the Central Witwatersrand Metropolitan Chamber came into being to show the way for local government transition across the country. In 1993 the Local Government Transition Act, No. 203 of 1993, recognised the importance of negotiation and formalised the Greater Johannesburg Local Negotiating Forum. The Act provided for a two-tier system of government with strong local councils and a weaker metro tier playing a coordinating role.

A sign in Urussanga with its twin town Map of Brazil This is a list of municipalities in Brazil which have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also includes villages, cities, districts, and counties with similar links.

For over 100 years the All Blacks have had a tradition of performing a haka before games. This has become the most widely known use of the haka, but several other New Zealand sports teams now perform the haka before commencing a game. These include rugby league (the Kiwis), basketball (Tall Blacks), and wheelchair rugby (Wheel Blacks). In addition to this planned, formalised usage, teams and supporters now often perform impromptu haka as a celebration or encouragement.

Venezia: Marsilio. . p. 17. It was one of the first institutions to study art restoration starting in 1777 with Pietro Edwards, and formalised by 1819 as a course. In 1807 the academy was re- founded by Napoleonic decree. The name was changed from Veneta Academia di Pittura, Scultura e Architettura to Accademia Reale di Belle Arti, "royal academy of fine arts", and the academy was moved to the Palladian complex of the Scuola della Carità, where the Gallerie dell'Accademia are still housed.

In an ironic twist, he was later to be convicted and sentenced for coup-related offences by Shameem, by then a judge. Vakalalabure was also a reserve officer in the Fijian army, following secondment to the`civil service from the regular forces. He was dismissed by Military commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama for insubordination, for refusing to return to barracks while the 2000 coup was in progress. The dismissal was never formalised or sanctioned by any due process as required by military law.

Vionnet evening gown, embroidered silk net, 1931 bias of a textile runs at 45 degrees to both the warp and weft threads. Dress by Madeleine Vionnet Alongside Coco Chanel, Vionnet is credited with a move away from stiff, formalised clothing to sleeker, softer clothes. Unlike Chanel, Vionnet had little appetite for self-promotion; her retirement in 1940 marginalised her contribution to the wider movement. Madeleine Vionnet is quoted as saying that "when a woman smiles, her dress must smile with her".

Baldina is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". The name Baldina stems from an Aboriginal word for a set of springs on Baldina Creek. The name was used for two pastoral runs in the area: the Baldina Run, established by Henry Ayers in 1851, and the Baldina Creek Run by Alfred Barker in 1855-1856.

The DAC contested eight of the 36 seats in Parliament, but only won the two Tobago seats. After the election, the three parties formalised their relationship and operated under the banner of the Alliance. The Alliance formed an accommodation with a fourth party, the Organisation for National Reconstruction to contest the 1983 local government elections. On 8 September, 1985, the four constituent parties dissolved and formed a new party, the National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), with Robinson as its political leader.

It is possible that for political and prestige reasons Hamilcar did not wish to be associated with the treaty which formalised Carthage's defeat in the 23-year-long war. As the next most senior Carthaginian on the island, it was left to Gisco to broker the peace terms. Gisco opened discussions with Catulus, the recently victorious Roman commander on Sicily. It was the long-standing Roman procedure to appoint two men each year, known as consuls, to each lead an army.

As with Leith, Stromness, and Prince Olav Harbour, the whaling station has been declared by the South Georgia Government as being too dangerous to visit, due to the danger from collapsing buildings and asbestos. Visitors must stay from the buildings and structures. Access to the Managers' Villa was prohibited in 2011 when the boundary of the 200m Prohibited Area was formalised in legislation. The jetty is within the 'danger area' so is not usable, and is in a very dilapidated state.

In 1997 the merger into Meretz with Ratz and part of Shinui (much if not most of Shinui's membership did not agree with the merger, and reformed as an independent party headed by Avraham Poraz) was formalised and Mapam (and Ratz) ceased to exist. From 1951 to 1979, Mapam also published an Arabic newspaper, Al-Mirsad ("Observation post", named similarly to the Hebrew newspaper Al HaMishmar, which means "On the lookout"). It appeared weekly, except for a short period as a daily.

Established empires, notably Britain, France and Portugal had already claimed coastal areas but had not penetrated deeply inland. Europeans controlled one 10th of Africa, primarily along the Mediterranean and in the far South. A significant early proponent of colonising inland was King Leopold of Belgium, who oppressed the Congo as his own private domain until 1908. The 1885 Berlin Conference, initiated by Otto von Bismarck to establish international guidelines and avoiding violent disputes among European Powers, formalised the "New Imperialism".

107 A formalised international rose trial scheme was established in 1928 by the Royal National Rose Society (then known as the National Rose Society) in Britain, although the society had been awarding gold medals to the best new roses grown by its membership since 1883.Dr. D. G. Hessayon, The Rose Expert, PBI Publications, 1988 p. 105 Over succeeding decades, trial grounds have been established in most major rose growing countries. Often they are located in botanic gardens and parks.

Seaspeak is a controlled natural language (CNL) based on English, designed to facilitate communication between ships whose captains' native tongues differ. It has now been formalised as Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP). While generally based on the English language, seaspeak has a very small vocabulary, and will incorporate foreign words where English does not have a suitable word. There are other similar special-purpose CNLs, including aviation English for aircraft, and the English–French hybrid PoliceSpeak for safety administration of the Channel Tunnel.

Ivan Ohlson went on a late summer day to Bommersvik, with its beautiful natural surroundings, was sufficiently impressed with the place and recommended it as the future location for the school. His recommendation was officially adopted and in 1937 the decision was formalised. Ivan Ohlson is considered to be the founder of Bommersvik and one of the school's halls is named in his honour. It was decided, after a search, that the school would be built on the grounds of a local farm.

The International Institute of Sociology (IIS) is a scholarly organization which seeks to stimulate and facilitate the development, exchange, and application of scientific knowledge to questions of sociological relevance. Membership is open to all sociologists as well as to scholars in neighbouring disciplines. Created in Paris in 1893 by René Worms, it is the oldest continuous sociological association in existence. Its first congress was held in Paris in October 1894 under the chairmanship of René Worms, which formalised the foundation of this institution.

Australian engineers of the advance party board the United States C-5 Galaxy aircraft which will transport them to Namibia in March 1989. Farewell parade for the main body of the Australian contingent, UNTAG at Holsworthy Barracks on 5 April 1989. The parade was reviewed by Prime Minister Bob Hawke. Australian Army involvement in UNTAG was formalised in February 1979 by Cabinet, which approved the plan to commit the 17th Construction Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers and Workshop as the main force for deployment.

It also indicates that there was use of aboriginal police aides in the tracking of the Wiradjuri people. Colonel William Stewart, appointed Head of NSW Police and Lt Governor of the Colony helped oversee some of the government response to the Bathurst Uprising. His reward was to stand on a high point (Mount Pleasant) at the edge of Bathurst township and declare his right to all the land he could see. Governor Darling formalised the grant of 3200 acres in 1826.

The long acre provided an important resource for such flocks and herds, perhaps forming a significant part of a small farmer's pasture. In Australia, the most common method of keeping grazing stock off a road is by the use of a portable electric fence, visible to the stock and to passing travellers as a single white tape. The use of the long acre as pasture has sometimes become formalised. For example, in parts of England, some have been registered as common land.

A board showing twin towns of Osijek Map of Croatia __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Croatia having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (gradovi prijatelji) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Houghton Mifflin Company. In a letter to John Bradshaw, President of the Council of State in London, Oliver Cromwell writing from Dublin on 16 September 1649 described one such tenaille that played a significant part during the storming of Drogheda. Tenaille were a development in fortification formalised by Vauban, among others. A postern gate was placed low down in the curtain wall close to the centre in order to allow the defenders to access the ditches that front the wall.

The stated objective of the BSS movement, and the aim of the slogan, was to initiate a debate in order to stop immigration by non- Europeans and repatriate non-ethnic Swedes. Inspiration came from the post-WW2 fascist organisation Nysvenska Rörelsen created by Per Engdahl.SvD: ”Fördjupar bilden av Kamprads engagemang” The group was often violent. Founded as a loosely organised network in 1979 by Leif Zeilon, and formalised as an organisation in 1983, BSS was involved with the populist Progress Party () in 1986.

Title page of Endymion, the Man in the Moon. Endymion, the Man in the Moon is an Elizabethan era comedy by John Lyly, written circa 1588. The action of the play centers around a young courtier, Endymion, who is sent into an endless slumber by Tellus, his former lover, because he has spurned her to worship the ageless Queen Cynthia. The prose is characterised by Euphuism, Lyly's highly ornate, formalised style, meant to convey the intelligence and wit of the speaker.

Kennedy's offer of Hound Dog was declined; the British government wanted Polaris. Kennedy backed down and abandoned his attempts to persuade the UK to accept the MLF in return for Macmillan's promise to assign UK Polaris boats to NATO. The two leaders concluded the Nassau Agreement, which would see the purchase of US missiles to serve aboard UK-built submarines, on 21 December 1962. This statement was later formalised as the Polaris Sales Agreement, which was signed on 6 April 1963.

Former Shepshed manager Martin O'Neill A fourth successive promotion was secured with a second-place finish in the Southern League Midland Division in 1983–84. It is often erroneously stated that Charterhouse gained seven successive promotions during this period, due perhaps to the club achieving six successive first-place finishes, followed by a second place. However, the non-league pyramid was not as formalised at the time as it has subsequently become, and the club won the LSL Premier Division three seasons running.

After the Royal Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, Walter Cradock and Howell Thomas were authorised to preach there. Methodist and Baptist presences in Nottage were formalised in 1743 and 1789 respectively. Accessed 26 February 2017 In 1849, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales recorded that Nottage had a population of 467. Accessed 26 February 2017 It had risen to 1,082 by 1861 as recorded in the original Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, which described Nottage as 'a decayed watering-place'.

The Commissioner's House and ramparts are part of the museum The National Museum of Bermuda, previously the Bermuda Maritime Museum from its opening in 1974 until 2009 (legislatively formalised in 2013), explores the maritime and island history of Bermuda. The maritime museum is located within the grounds of the fortress Keep of the former Royal Naval Dockyard in Sandys Parish on the Ireland Island at the western end of Bermuda. The museum publishes a number of books relating to Bermuda's history.

The fiercest fighting involving the Indonesian pemuda and the Japanese was in Semarang. In a few days, British forces began to occupy the city, after which retreating Indonesian Republican forces retaliated by killing between 130 and 300 Japanese prisoners they were holding. Five hundred Japanese and 2,000 Indonesians had been killed, and the Japanese had almost captured the city six days later when British forces arrived. The province of Central Java was formalised on 15 August 1950, excluding Yogyakarta but including Surakarta.

Since the 1960s there had been a tradition of annually selecting the best player in each position, in football and hurling, to create a special team of the year. Between 1963 and 1967 these players received what was known as the Cú Chulainn award. In 1971 these awards were formalised into the annual GAA All Star Awards. In 2006 the Gaelic Players Association launched a parallel award scheme entitled the GPA Gaelic Team of the Year (often referred to as the GPA Awards).

Realising these experiments could be formalised in a similar way to electronics experiments, he developed interdisciplinary theories of motion perception. In 1954, Reichardt became a Postdoctoral Fellow at the California Institute of Technology at the invitation of Max Delbrück. From 1955 he was assistant at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen under Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer. In 1958 he founded together with Bernhard Hassenstein and Hans Wenking the cybernetics research group at the Max-Planck-Institute of Biology in Tübingen.

The Government decided that all empowering legislation for hydro-electric stations should be re-issued. For Lake Manapouri this meant a public process was established whereby a working party was formed to examine and resolve a wide range of environmental issues. Lake management guidelines and shoreline monitoring were formalised under resource consents. Also included in the consents was the creation of regulation patterns through the Te Anau and Manapouri control structures to follow more closely to the natural fluctuations of the Waiau River.

This system was formalised in legislation, the 1928 Natives on Private Estates Ordinance, which modified thangata by allowing rents to be paid in cash, by a fixed quantity of acceptable crops or by direct labour. The estates now acted largely as brokers for their tenants’ produce, although the name thangata was now applied to rent in kind as well as labour rent. The older form of labour thangata persisted where owners wished to grow crops through direct labour.J. A. K. Kandaŵire, (1977).

Many of New Zealand's place names have never been officially approved by the NZGB. They either fall outside the board's jurisdiction (homesteads, lighthouses) or were common names before the board was established and have never been officially formalised. Unofficial recorded names are defined as "names that have appeared in at least two publicly available authoritative publications or databases". Recorded names include major cities (Wellington, Auckland, Hamilton, Christchurch), mountains (Mount Tasman, Mount Dampier), islands (Auckland Islands, Great Barrier Island) and many other geographical features.

Two years later, in 1916, the close working relationship between the Social Democrats and the ULP remnant was formalised with a merger – the two officially came together as the Labour Party, the same organisation that survives today. The organisation of the Social Democratic Party survived however, and the more militant inclined members of the newly formed Labour Party remained as an "alter-ego" of Labour still campaigning for the goal of complete socialisation until their eventual disbandment in June 1922.

Agha Mohammed Khan of Persia In 1781, a Russian commander, Count Voinovich, led a flotilla intended to wrest the islands and port city of the Astarabad province from Agha Mohammed Khan and the Persians. However, Agha Mohammed Khan arrested and deported all parties involved in the expedition. In 1783, Erekle II of Khartli-Kakheti agreed to become a vassal state of the Russian Empire in return for Russian protection. This was formalised in the Treaty of Georgievsk on 24 July 1783.

He was later formalised by the Parliament as Leader of the Opposition replacing current Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail. Khairy continued to call for the establishment of a shadow cabinet from Zahid despite being defeated in the UMNO presidential election. Khairy had even claimed that BN has established a shadow cabinet and its MPs were given portfolios, which was confirmed by UMNO secretary-general, Ketereh MP Annuar Musa, on 26 July. However, this claim was dismissed by Zahid on 4 August.

The town was named for a small stream, which was named Rio Claro by Spanish surveyors in the 1770s. A "rest house" was built there in 1850 when a road was cut from Mission (now Princes Town) to Mayaro. As cacao planters settled the area, the village on the banks of the Rio Claro came to be called by that name. When the Trinidad Government Railway extended its line to this village in 1914, the name Rio Claro was formalised.

Kent died in April 1748 before the old Horse Guards had been demolished; work on the new building commenced in 1750 under the direction of Kent's assistant, John Vardy and William Robinson from the Office of Works. The building also served as the offices for the various administrative departments responsible to the Secretary at War, which would eventually become formalised as the War Office. Also located at Horse Guards was the office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.Tabor, p.19.

This state of affairs later culminated in the signing of the Buganda Agreement (1900) that formalised British colonial rule in Buganda. Also in 1897, Kampala's first Western-style health facility, Mengo Hospital, was opened on Namirembe hill by British doctor and missionary Sir Albert Ruskin Cook. In addition, Sir Albert Ruskin Cook would in 1913 found Mulago Hospital, the current National Referral Hospital, at Mulago hill. In 1899, the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa founded Lubaga Hospital on Lubaga Hill.

The honour was granted on the advice of Hughes, who was aware that it would signal the end of Forrest's political career. It had been suggested to Hughes two years earlier by John Langdon Bonython. Forrest would have been the first Australian peer, and the announcement was received critically from those opposed to the granting of hereditary honours, including many of Hughes' former ALP colleagues. However, Forrest's peerage was never formalised, as no letters patent were issued before his death.

Wynbrandt, James. "Web Extra: More Personalization Options for Hermes EC135." AIN Online, 16 July 2014. In 2011, Eurocopter formalised a license manufacturing agreement with Zhong-Ou International Group to produce the EC135 Luxury Helicopter in Zhejiang Province, China. In October 2015, a letter of intent between Airbus Helicopters and Ecopark was signed for the establishment of a final assembly line (FAL) in Qingdao Province, China; a related $1.1 billion order for 100 Chinese-assembled H135s was announced in the same month.

The CCDI (and its local affiliates) enforces the inner- party supervision system. Although the system's history dates back to the 1970s and 1980s, it was not formalised until the 2004 "Internal Supervision Regulation" (ISR). The ISR reaffirmed the powers of the CCDI, institutionalised the central inspection teams and clearly separated the Party's decision-making institutions from its supervisory ones. With the ISR the CPC issued a list of member responsibilities subject to oversight by the CCDI and its local affiliates.

The map also annotated Ladakh's boundary with China as "frontier undefined", whose status would be formalised by "the sovereign authorities concerned after the settlement of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute." The map was adopted for official use throughout Pakistan. The government renamed the Kashmir Highway, which runs through Islamabad, as Srinagar Highway. On the occasion of the one-year anniversary of the revocation of Kashmir's special status, Pakistan also observed 5 August as Youm-e-Istehsal ("Day of Exploitation") nationally.

The Minister of the Navy issued orders to Governor Brière de l'Isle that no new territory was to be annexed. Despite this he began a series of expansions through protectorates and direct military control, unprecedented since the highpoint of expansion under the governorship of Louis Faidherbe (1854–1865). Brière de l'Isle oversaw the conquest of French territory in West Africa which would be formalised at the Berlin conference of 1884, beginning the so-called "Scramble for Africa".Kanya-Forstner, pp.

Hesketh-Prichard was eventually successful in gaining official support for his campaign, and in August 1915 was given permission to proceed with formalised sniper training. By November of that year, his reputation was such that he was in high demand from many units. In December he was ordered on General Allenby's request to the Third Army School of Instruction and was made a general staff officer with the rank of captain. He was Mentioned in Despatches on 1 January 1916.

Bridge at Bidford-on-Avon; notice the navigation arch at the right The concept of building new locks and weirs, with most of the work being undertaken by volunteers, was new. Negotiation with the Severn River Authority led to an agreement that such works could be constructed, which was eventually formalised when a private Bill was put before parliament, which became the Upper Avon Navigation Act 1972. Further funding came from an Inland Waterways Association national restoration fund, launched in 1969.

The battle was evoked by King Albert I at the start of World War I to inspire bravery among Flemish soldiers as an equivalent of the Walloon six hundred Franchimontois of 1468. In 1914, the Belgian victory against German cavalry at the Battle of Halen was dubbed the "Battle of the Silver Helmets" in analogy to the Golden Spurs. Its anniversary, 11 July, became an important annual Flemish observance. In 1973, the date was formalised as the official holiday of the Flemish Community.

The first Defence White Paper was published in 1976 under the Whitlam government. The 1987 Defence White Paper expanded the emphasis on self- reliance that was established in the 1976 Defence White Paper, no longer focussing defence policy primarily on attracting the attention of powerful allies. These white papers formalised the Defence of Australia policy. The 1987 White Paper was released following the Dibb Review of Australia's Defence Capabilities and the Cooksey Review of Australia's Defence Exports and Defence Industry.

The flag used by the Socialist Republic of Macedonia from 1963 to 1991 with the red star on the canton. It was also used by the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 1992 and the People's Republic of Macedonia from 1946 to 1963. symbol was considered by Greece to be a provocation. flag of the Republic, adopted on 5 October 1995 Greece and the Republic of Macedonia eventually formalised bilateral relations in an interim accord signed in New York on 13 September 1995.

Laws and regulations are promulgated by the commissioner and enforced in the BIOT by Brit rep. Of major concern to the BIOT administration is the relationship with the United States military forces resident on Diego Garcia. An annual meeting called "The Pol-Mil Talks" (for "political-military") of all concerned is held at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London to resolve pertinent issues. These resolutions are formalised by an "Exchange of Notes", or, since 2001, an "Exchange of Letters".

He expected this time they would be met by force. The Germans reaffirmed their alliance with Italy and signed non-aggression pacts with Denmark, Estonia, and Latvia whilst trade links were formalised with Romania, Norway, and Sweden. Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arranged in negotiations with the Soviet Union a non-aggression pact, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, signed in August 1939. The treaty also contained secret protocols dividing Poland and the Baltic states into German and Soviet spheres of influence.

On 10 June 2014 the Government of Niue announced that Niue had established diplomatic relations with Turkey. The Honourable Minister of Infrastructure Dalton Tagelagi formalised the agreement at the Pacific Small Island States Foreign Ministers meeting in Istanbul, Turkey. The Memorandum of Understanding with Turkey is part of increasing Niue's foreign relationship with countries including the People's Republic of China, India, Australia, Thailand, Samoa, Cook Islands and Singapore. People of Niue have fought as part of the New Zealand military.

Ravenswood was one of these. Gold was discovered at Ravenswood in 1868, a few years after pastoral settlement of the area had begun. Ravenswood gold was in reefs and a small battery was first set up in 1869, followed by the Lady Marian Mill in 1870. The settlement was also surveyed at this time, but by then the goldfield itself, and the buildings and streets already established had shaped the town and the survey merely formalised what was already in place.

Pine Creek is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000 when boundaries were formalised for the long established local name. The Hundred of Ketchowla is a cadastral unit of hundred, the boundaries of which are exactly contiguous with the locality of Pine Creek. The hundred was proclaimed by Governor William Jervois on 5 August 1880, named for an Aboriginal name of unknown origin.

Formalised bands of motifs such as alternating forms known as egg- and-dart were a feature of the Ionic entablatures, along with the bands of dentils. The external frieze often contained a continuous band of figurative sculpture or ornament, but this was not always the case. Sometimes a decorative frieze occurred around the upper part of the naos rather than on the exterior of the building. These Ionic-style friezes around the naos are sometimes found on Doric buildings, notably the Parthenon.

These included the consolidation of Mao Zedong's paramount role within the CCP, especially from 1942 to 1944, and the adoption of a party constitution that endorsed Marxist-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as guiding ideologies.Lieberthal (2003), p. 46 This move formalised Mao's deviation from the Moscow party line and the importance of Mao's alleged 'adaptation of communism to the conditions of China'. The Rectification Campaign was successful in either convincing or coercing the other leaders of the CCP to support Mao.

The TRLA will be the driving force behind Tokelau's rugby league development and also allow the game to receive support from the Tokelau government. In December 2011 the Tokelau National Sports Coordinator made contact with the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) to express their ambitions to come back to the rugby league fold. After the TRLA is formalised in February/March 2012 the first goal of the body is to obtain membership of the Asia Pacific Rugby League Confederation (APRLC).

Assam state was split, re-organised into multiple political regions, Mizo hills area was declared Mizoram after the insurgency, and it received status as a Union Territory in 1972. A Peace Accord was signed between central government and insurgent groups of Mizoram on 30 June 1986. Per the accord, insurgents surrendered their arms and Mizoram became the 23rd state of India in 1986, formalised the following year. The first election of Mizoram Legislative Assembly was held on 16 February 1987.

Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA, and Karl Hermann Frank (27–28 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 – 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. The first three true death camps, designed for mass killing with no legal process or pretext, were built and operated at Treblinka, Sobibór, and Bełżec. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich.

Before the end of World War I, the territory was part of the German colony of German East Africa (GEA). After the war started, the British invaded GEA but were unable to defeat the German army. The German leader in the African Great Lakes, Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, did not surrender until notified about the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war. After this, the League of Nations formalised the UK's control of the area, who renamed it "Tanganyika".

The engagement of Maria and Alfonso was not formalised until she was seven, but it had been reconfirmed by King Henry III's last will and testament. By the same arrangement, Maria's brother John was to marry Alfonso's sister Maria and Maria's sister Catherine was to marry Alfonso's brother Henry. The marriage of Maria and Alfonso was celebrated in the Cathedral of Valencia on 12 June 1415. The couple was wedded by Antipope Benedict XIII who had also provided a dispensation for their marriage.

The independent companies were in turn disbanded and their personnel used to raise the first 12 commando units. Much work went into the training and planning side of raiding also, and for the next eight months the commandos did little except train. To this end formalised training schemes and schools were established and Churchill sought to invigorate the concept by replacing General Bourne, who had previously been the Director of Combined Operations, with Admiral Sir Roger Keyes.Saunders 1959, pp. 22–25.

Eugène de Mirecourt fils, Aux femmes, L. Sauvaitre (Paris), 1895. She attended the Mrs Niboyet's Women's Club, and wrote in the Le Tintamarre and Le Moniteur du Soir soaps under the literary pseudonym of Claude Vignon (a character from a novel by Honoré de Balzac), which was formalised in 1866. She was granted a pension of 6,000 francs by President Napoleon III. Cadiot married Maurice Rouvier on 3 September 1872 and also published under the literary pseudonym of H. Morel.

The game of archery has historical significance, as royals in the ancient days used to practice archery. Modern-day archery in India began in the early 1970s, before its introduction as an Olympic event in 1972, and it was formalised in 1973 when the Archery Association of India (AAI) came into existence. Since its inception, AAI has been promoting an organisation for the sport. India has been producing some world class players who are the medal hopefuls in international events of archery.

The Brigade aimed to provide first aid and skilled transport to hospital for the sick and injured. In the first years the Brigade was wholly funded by subscription, but met such an important need that from 1895 they were subsidised by the government, both directly and by involving the Department of Works in the construction of ambulance buildings. In the late 1890s and 1900s they expanded into regional centres. By 1921, a specific layout for ambulance buildings had been formalised into policy.

Early in 1967 they formalised this arrangement by forming Traffic, and Deep Feeling disbanded. In 1968, Capaldi, Winwood, and Mason contributed backing music to a solo album by Gordon Jackson. The new band was signed by Island Records and rented a quiet cottage in Aston Tirrold, Berkshire to write and rehearse new material. The cottage did not remain quiet and had frequent visitors including Eric Burdon, Eric Clapton, and Pete Townshend as well as Trevor Burton (of The Move) amongst many others.

The oldest-known fragments of medieval pictorial stained glass appear to date from the 10th century. The earliest intact figures are five prophet windows at Augsburg, dating from the late 11th century. The figures, though stiff and formalised, demonstrate considerable proficiency in design, both pictorially and in the functional use of the glass, indicating that their maker was well accustomed to the medium. At Le Mans, Canterbury and Chartres Cathedrals, and Saint-Denis, a number of panels of the 12th century have survived.

The Five Freedoms outline five aspects of animal welfare under human control. They were developed in response to a 1965 UK Government report on livestock husbandry, and were formalised in 1979 press statement by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council. The Five Freedoms have been adopted by professional groups including veterinarians, and organisations including the World Organisation for Animal Health, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Known as Dakhini in southern India, and by names such as Hindi, Hindavi, and Hindustani in northern India. It was further Persianised in the 18th century during the Mughal era, which formalised the newly Modern Standard Urdu. Urdu became a literary language during the same period (18th-century) and two similar standard forms came into existence in Delhi and Lucknow; since 1947 a third standard has arisen in Karachi. Dakhini, an older form used in the south, is now considered obsolete.

Faivre has since been cited as being responsible for developing the study of Western esotericism into a formalised field. Faivre noted that there were two significant obstacles to establishing the field. One was that there was an engrained prejudice towards esotericism within academia, resulting in the widespread perception that the history of esotericism was not worthy of academic research. The second was that esotericism is a trans-disciplinary field, the study of which did not fit clearly within any particular discipline.

According to the independent expert the problem should have been suspected and detected five days before death and had it been, he would have survived. The Care Quality Commission reported in April 2018 that 30% of the 206 independent acute hospitals required improvement, mostly because of a lack of formalised governance procedures. Information about performance is collected by the Private Healthcare Information Network. They say that only 0.12% of admissions to private hospitals result in an emergency transfer to the NHS.

Twin towns of Plovdiv in 2011 Map of Bulgaria __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Bulgaria having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (pobratimeni gradove) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Alain Caron (born May 5, 1955) is a French Canadian jazz bassist. The youngest of 11 children, Caron started playing bass at age 11 and began pursuing jazz at age 15. His musical skills were formalised by correspondence lessons with the jazz improvisation teacher Charlie Banacos and by attending a summer session at Berklee College of Music. He is a former member of Uzeb (with Michel Cusson on guitar and Paul Brochu on drums) that was active from 1976 to 1992.

The Royal Family Order of King George IV was an honour bestowed as a mark of personal esteem on female members of the British Royal Family by King George IV. It was the first Royal Family Order issued in the United Kingdom. Prior to George IV's accession in 1820, both ladies and gentlemen of the Court, as well as female members of the royal family, had worn the Sovereign's portrait set in a jewelled frame. George IV formalised the order.

Frankton is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder and Mid Murray Council. The section within the Goyder council was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name"; the section within the Mid Murray council was added in March 2003. It is believed to be named after the son of two early residents, Mr. and Mrs. Rice. Frankton School opened in 1884 and closed in 1938.

The St John and Red Cross Defence Medical Welfare Service, commonly the Defence Medical Welfare Service (DMWS), is a charitable organisation contracted by the UK Ministry of Defence to provide uniformed civilian welfare officers in support of service personnel of the British Armed Forces. Originally formalised in 1943 as the Service Hospitals Welfare Department under the auspices of the Joint Committee of the Venerable Order of St John and the British Red Cross, it became an independent organisation in 2001.

The position of United States Ambassador to Australia has existed since 1940. U.S.–Australian relations have been close throughout the history of Australia. Before World War II, Australia was closely aligned with the United Kingdom, but it has strengthened its relationship with the United States since 1942, as Britain's influence in Asia has declined and the United States' influence has increased. At the governmental level, United States–Australia relationships are formalised by the ANZUS treaty and Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement.

112 Ancient Chinese religion pervades all aspects of social life. Many scholars, following the lead of sociologist C. K. Yang, see the ancient Chinese religion deeply embedded in family and civic life, rather than expressed in a separate organisational structure like a "church", as in the West.Fan, Chen 2013. p. 4. Deity or temple associations and lineage associations, pilgrimage associations and formalised prayers, rituals and expressions of virtues, are the common forms of organisation of Chinese religion on the local level.

Doctors, neurologists and other medical professionals may conduct a cranial nerve examination as part of a neurological examination to examine the cranial nerves. This is a highly formalised series of steps involving specific tests for each nerve. Dysfunction of a nerve identified during testing may point to a problem with the nerve or of a part of the brain. A cranial nerve exam starts with observation of the patient, as some cranial nerve lesions may affect the symmetry of the eyes or face.

A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are known as Stalinism. Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), as a youth Stalin joined the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He went on to edit the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings, and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles.

The United–Reform Coalition, also known as the National Political Federation from 1935, was a coalition between two of the three major parties of New Zealand, the United and Reform parties, from 1931–1936. The Coalition formed the Government of New Zealand from its formation in September 1931, successfully contesting and winning the 1931 general election in December. The Coalition was defeated at the 1935 general election by Labour. The following year the coalition was formalised by the formation of the modern New Zealand National Party.

The administrative arrangements that operated between the three companies proved to be successful and profitable for all three. On 11 November 1965, the Rhodesian Government formalised the Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Britain, and sanctions were imposed on Rhodesia shortly afterwards by Britain and independent African states, including Malawi and Zambia; this closed down almost all international flights operating through Rhodesia, with the exception of Portugal's TAP Air and South African Airways. Relations between the three sister companies became strained and a split was agreed in 1967.

When geometry was first formalised by Euclid in the Elements, he defined a general line (straight or curved) to be "breadthless length" with a straight line being a line "which lies evenly with the points on itself".Faber, Appendix A, p. 291. These definitions serve little purpose, since they use terms which are not by themselves defined. In fact, Euclid himself did not use these definitions in this work, and probably included them just to make it clear to the reader what was being discussed.

Few changes have been made since the church was opened. Talbot Bury designed a south aisle that was added in 1875, and a vestry was added in 1889. A vicarage was built in nearby Park Road in 1907 after a local doctor presented some land to the church. Late in the 20th century the north transept and aisle were separated by a screen from the rest of the church, to allow alternative use of the space; this was formalised by the Diocese of Chichester in 1989.

Significantly, it also suggests a change to the terminology, replacing "custody" and "access" with the concepts of "residence" and "contact". However, the most common legal outcome to cases involving the issues of care and control reinforces the sexual stereotype that a mother is always the better qualified person to care for younger children. Whereas some jurisdictions formally prefer joint custody arrangements in situations where there has previously been a stable family relationship, many states have a formalised rebuttable presumption in favour of the mother.

The oldest medical school in England is St George's, University of London, which began formal teaching in 1751. In 1768 teaching at St Thomas's and Guy's hospitals in London was formalised with the foundation of the United Hospitals Medical School, which lasted until the foundation of a separate medical school at Guy's in 1825 (now both part of King's College London). The London Hospital Medical College (LHMC) was founded in 1785 and is now part of Queen Mary, University of London's School of Medicine.

Through 1941 and 1942, 1st SAS formed part of Clarke's overall strategy to deceive the Axis about the strength of Allied forces in the region. In early 1942, this ad hoc situation was formalised as Operation Cascade; an entire fictional order of battle featuring numerous units. By late 1942, the Allies had begun to train a number of real airborne units in the North African theatre. Clarke created the fictional 4th Airborne Division out of several units, both real and fictional, including 1st SAS.

He joined the Foreign Department of Indian Government and worked on the Seistan Arbitration Commission, which formalised the boundaries between Persia and Afghanistan. In 1907 he became the resident surgeon of Udaipur district in Mewar, Rajputana. He also acted as senior surgeon to the Government of Maisur, now known as Mysuru. He served in the Third China War, the Boxer Rebellion, and received the China War Medal of 1900; and in January 1911 he received the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal medal, (gold) 1st class.

Visa policy of New Zealand from 1987 to 2017 From 1961 only Australians had unrestricted entry to New Zealand. This was a long-standing right, established in 1840 when New Zealand became a British colony like Australia. Reciprocal travel arrangements, beginning in the 1920s, formalised this free movement from one country to the other. In 1973, the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement allowed Australian and New Zealand citizens to enter each other's countries to visit, live, work, or remain indefinitely without having to apply for a permit.

Including The Old Town And Village of Brooklyn, The Town of Bushwick, And The Village And City of Williamsburgh. Vol.II. Chapter II. Pratt's parents strongly disapproved of the relationship and it is not known whether or not the marriage was ever legally formalised. The couple toured together in theatrical productions, unsuccessfully, and eventually had to resort to telling fortunes to make their living. By 1777 the couple were briefly in Paris, where they met Benjamin Franklin who lent the couple money which they struggled to repay.

He and his brother (W Matthews) turned out for the North Shore Albions without having formalised a transfer. Grafton Athletic protested and the Auckland Rugby League stood down both players and stated that the match should be replayed. It was later reported that it was an oversight as W Matthews had just returned from war service and had played some matches for Ponsonby 3rd grade team years earlier, while the Ponsonby 3rd grade team had withdrawn from the competition due to a lack of playing numbers.

In the 1970s a group of young members of four Naturefriends' organisations (Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) created a youth umbrella to network and support youth work in the movement. Through the course of the time the organisation got formalised and extended to current 26 member and partner organisations. The organisation was officially funded in 1975 with the first Secretary General Jochem Zimmer from Germany. The International Young Naturefriends (IYNF) cooperated and were supported by the Council of Europe's Directorate Youth and Sport.

Birdsville was known as Diamantina Crossing from the 1870s when a rough depot was set up there by Matthew Flynn but, by 1882, the name Birdsville was in common use. It was adopted in the 1885 survey and was formalised at the proclamation of town in 1887. Many of Australia's pioneering European explorers travelled through the Birdsville district well before the town was gazetted. Monuments to acknowledge the feats of Captain Charles Sturt, Burke and Wills, Cecil Madigan and others are located throughout the town.

Rethymno's twin towns in 2006 Map of Greece __NOTOC__ This is a list of places in Greece having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links. In Greek, the word αδελφοποίηση / adelfopiisi (fraternisation) has been adopted.

He reverted to the circumscription of Brown, Endlicher and Meissner, but by this time the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Brown's Banksia verae had to be given the autonym B. subg. Banksia; thus Endlicher's unranked Eubanksia and Meissner's section Eubanksia are now considered nomenclatural synonyms of B. subg. Banksia sensu George. This circumscription was retained in Thiele and Ladiges' 1996 arrangement, and in George's 1999 arrangement, but was finally abandoned in 2007 with the publication of B. subg.

A few ships of the South African Navy adopted badges during World War II, but they appear to have been unofficial. Only one, that of the reserve base HMSAS Unitie, conformed to the Royal Navy pattern of enclosing the badge in a 'U'-shaped frame of golden cable, ensigned of a naval crown resting on a name plaque. Badges were formalised after the war, the Royal Navy model being followed. At first, badges were diamond-shaped, but after a few years they were changed to circular frames.

Traditionally, regiments that form the combat arms of the British Army (cavalry and infantry) recruit from specific areas of the country. Infantry regiments had been assigned specific areas from which they would recruit from by the mid eighteenth century. These were formalised under the Cardwell Reforms that began in the 1860s. Under this scheme, single battalion infantry regiments were amalgamated into two battalion regiments, then assigned to a depot and associated recruiting area (which would usually correspond to all or part of a county).

One of the most- distinctive features of the authentic Scots kilt is the tartan pattern, the sett, it exhibits. The association of particular patterns with individual clans and families can be traced back perhaps one or two centuries. It was only in the 19th-century Victorian era that the system of named tartans known today began to be systematically recorded and formalised, mostly by weaving companies for mercantile purposes. Up until this point, Highland tartans held regional associations rather than being identified with any particular clan.

It was in this climate that Matthew Barnett formed a partnership 'Barnett and Grant'. It came about because Peter Grant had been banned from a racecourse for refusing to leave. Barnett, who had earlier been banned from the same course for life, but who had managed to get that decision overturned, offered to Grant to bet on a joint account. A win of £100 resulted and although the two never formalised their partnership, their further wins in this first year ran into the thousands.

The representatives of the Nomads club insisted that the "Rovers" moniker be dropped, to show that the new club was to represent the whole town. The amalgamated club reached the Leinster Junior Cup Final that season, being defeated by Shamrock Rovers. The following season they became founder members of the inaugural Dundalk and District League (DDL) alongside Drogheda, St. Nicholas's, St Mary's College, Carrickmacross and the Great Northern Railway. To "save ambiguity" they became known as Rovers again, and formalised the name change the following year.

Map of Malta __NOTOC__ The Republic of Malta has one sister city: Bainbridge Island, Washington, United States. In addition, a number of individual cities, towns and villages in Malta have sister cities abroad. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Later, in the Crimean War, a Mounted Staff Corps of almost 100 troopers from the Police Constabulary of Ireland, with some recruited from the Metropolitan Police, was established to prevent the theft of supplies, and to maintain discipline in camps. This 'Corps' was disbanded with the cessation of hostilities. The Provost Marshal has always had men detached to assist him, an arrangement formalised by the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula War; but only since 1877 has there existed a regular corps of military police.

He came to realise the importance of latent heat—the thermal energy released or absorbed during a constant-temperature process—in understanding the engine, which, unknown to Watt, his friend Joseph Black had previously discovered some years before. Understanding of the steam engine was in a very primitive state, for the science of thermodynamics would not be formalised for nearly another 100 years. In 1763, Watt was asked to repair a model Newcomen engine belonging to the university. Even after repair, the engine barely worked.

CDL formalised its sustainability efforts in 1995 with the adoption of its ethos Conversing as we Construct. In 2003, CDL established its corporate environment, health and safety policy. It then acquired ISO 14001 certification (Environmental Management System) from the local governing authority, Building and Construction Authority (BCA) in the same year. It subsequently acquired certifications in ISO 50001 – Energy Management System in 2014, and ISO 14064-1 – on quantification and reporting greenhouse gas inventory in 2016, ahead of its competitors in the property development industry.

On 23 January 1932 the first definitive frontier treaty between Turkey and Iran was signed in Tehran. The border between Turkey and Iran is one of the oldest in the world and has stayed more or less the same since the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, and the Treaty of Zuhab. The 1932 treaty thus formalised a centuries-old status quo. On the same day, the countries signed a new Treaty of Friendship, as well as a Treaty of Conciliation, Judicial Settlement and Arbitration.

This change was formalised in the 2012 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. Since this formalisation, Heads of State or Government have failed to meet this target of twice yearly meetings in 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017. A Euro summit President, separate from the Euro Group President, would be elected at the same time as the President of the European Council and under the same rules. Until such an election takes place, the European Council President fulfils that role.

His restored prestige led to him knighting the young King Edward III of England before his coronation. Mortimer lost support over the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton that formalised Scotland's independence, and his developing power in the Welsh Marches provoked jealousy from the barons. When Mortimer called a parliament to make his new powers and estates permanent with the title of Earl of March in 1328, Henry led the opposition and held a counter-meeting. In response, Mortimer ravaged the lands of Lancaster and checked the revolt.

Also local offices have been established throughout the concession area to provide easy access for customers to pay their bills, raise queries, deal with complaints and report leaks. As a result, revenue collection has substantially improved.Biwater:Silulumanzi Water & Wastewater Concession, South Africa, retrieved on 15 November 2010 Furthermore, the portion of households with access to basic water supply increased from 52% in 1999 to 88% in 2009. In formalised urban areas, 24-hour supply has been extended to 82% of households, up from 37% in 1999.

A change in the administration in the late 1990s saw a more formalised competition, meaning, incorporation of the league, board of control, a regular season, transfers, and accredited umpires officiating. New clubs joining had more of a community base, rather than social or workplace, with some of those being Quinns and Ellenbrook. Transitions in the clubs occurred also, with Cockburn Cement becoming Cockburn and based in that suburb. Yanchep and Dwellingup also became active in promoting the game and junior development in their areas.

It was this government, sworn-in during the early evening hours of 21 April, that formalised the coup. It adopted a "Constituent Act", an amendment tantamount to a revolution, cancelling the elections and effectively abolishing the constitution, which would be replaced later. In the meantime, the government was to rule by decree. Since traditionally such Constituent Acts did not need to be signed by the Crown, the King never signed it, permitting him to claim, years later, that he had never signed any document instituting the junta.

The Catholic diocese of Kildare first united with Leighlin Diocese to the south in 1676 when Mark Forstall, bishop of Kildare, was also appointed administrator of Leighlin by St Oliver Plunkett. He was arrested in 1678 and again in 1681 for 'having exercised papal jurisdiction.' The union was formalised in 1694 when John Dempsey was appointed bishop of Kildare and administrator of Leighlin, despite penal laws. The last Catholic bishop to reside in Kildare was James Gallagher, much of it in hiding near the Bog of Allen.

Kildare enjoyed prosperity during the 18th century, as the focus of economic life turned to the large landed estates and market towns. The Earl of Kildare purchased and started reconstruction of Carton House near Maynooth in 1739. Henry Boyle Carter purchased and started reconstruction of Castlemartin near Kilcullen in 1730. The running of horse races on the Curragh, well established for centuries, was formalised in 1717 when the duties of the Ranger of the Curragh were extended to supervising "the proper conduct of the King's Plate".

During the War Guy Maynard had the responsibility of packing up the most valuable collections and transferring them into safe storage, and afterwards of reinstating them. On Reid Moir's death in 1944 he was succeeded as President by Sir Charles Sherrington. Basil Brown was re-employed until the 1960s and continued his work throughout the county, building the basis of the County's Sites and Monuments Record. This was latterly under the curatorship of Norman Smedley (1953-1964), who afterwards formalised the archaeological role for Miss Elizabeth Owles.

To assist visiting and local referees for the tournament, Capital Football set up the Kanga Cup Referee Youth Academy (KCRYA). The KCRYA is a formalised camp endorsed by the FFA for Kanga Cup referees to participate in technical training during the week long tournament set-out by the FFA level three and four curriculum. Notable referees to have officiated at the Kanga Cup include former FA and English Premier League referee Peter Walton in 2010 and current A-League and FIFA World Cup referee Ben Williams.

Its boundaries were formalised in March 2000 to cover a portion of land immediately across the river to the east of the main Murray Bridge conurbation. It is bounded on the north and east by the Adelaide-Melbourne railway line, on the south by the South Eastern Freeway, and on the west by a stretch of the river. The defunct Rabila Railway Station is on the locality's northern boundary. Long Island Recreation Park on Long Island, within the Murray River, is westerly adjacent to the locality.

Twin towns of Montigny-le-Bretonneux Map of France __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in France having standing links to local communities in other countries (or in other parts of France). In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Cheong Sing Tong hired the Energy to try to find the wreck and recover the bodies, but the wreck remained lost for over 100 years. Remains were repatriated to China for many years after the sinking on an individual basis, but the Ventnor was the last attempt at a mass shipment. In 2007 a connection was formalised between Te Roroa and the descendants of the Chinese gold miners. A grove of 22 kauri trees were planted and a Chinese gate constructed to memorialise the sinking.

Instead of Associated Colleges, they were now re- designated as Affiliated Colleges. The Board of College Studies had "quasi- faculty status" and was the vehicle for a validation agreement which formalised the ability of the colleges (consented to by the University of Liverpool the previous year) to offer a general BA degree. Students who excelled were allowed to complete their studies to honours level at the University of Liverpool itself, though in practice few students from Saint Katharine's, Notre Dame or Christ's did so.

Many cottages and villas survive from that era, and better examples have been given locally listed status. Weatherboarding (as at 6–8 Crawley Lane and Woodcote Cottage in Pound Hill, and The Open Door at Tinsley Green), tile-hung upper storeys (as at Rose Cottage, 89 and 91 Three Bridges Road and some of the Victorian pubs) and large gable ends are common features. The High Street became more formalised as a commercial area at this time, and several buildings on both sides are locally listed.

The Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 formalised this arrangement by allowing landlords to receive rents in cash, in a fixed quantity of acceptable crops or by direct labour. The types of permissible crops and their quantities were fixed for each district by government officials. At this time, the term thangata applied both to rent in kind, common on tobacco and cotton estates, and to the older form of labour thangata, which persisted on the tea estates that required direct labour.J.A.K. Kandawire (1977).

The present Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi chose Bhutan as his first foreign destination, placing regional co-operation before global co-operation. He had inaugurated the Supreme Court Complex in Bhutan and also promised help to Bhutan on the IT and digital sectors. Modi made his first foreign visit to Bhutan following an invitation by King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Tobgay. The visit was called by the media as a "charm offensive" that would also seek to check Bhutan-China relations that had recently been formalised.

In the case of CPN-UML, it was formalised with the people's multiparty democracy manifesto. In the case of the Maoists, the same policy was put forward as the 21st century's people's multiparty democracy. The NCP continues to reaffirm its commitment to democracy having been the ruling party with a strong majority in all levels of government since the beginning of 2018; however, it is also claimed that the party's ultimate goal is Socialism or communist totalitarianism. The communists are known for their welfare programs.

In March 2012, the orchestra and its president, Princess Caroline of Monaco, announced the return of Gelmetti to the orchestra as chef référentThis term can be loosely translated as 'interim chief', although there appears to be no official English equivalent. to provide interim artistic leadership for the orchestra. In January 2013, the orchestra formalised the full re-appointment of Gelmetti as its artistic director and music director. Gelmetti concluded his second Monte Carlo tenure after the 2015–2016 season and has taken the title of honorary conductor.

His restored prestige led to him knighting the young King Edward III of England before his coronation. Mortimer lost support over the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton that formalised Scotland's independence, and his developing power in the Welsh Marches provoked jealousy from the barons. When Mortimer called a parliament to make his new powers and estates permanent with the title of Earl of March in 1328, Henry led the opposition and held a counter-meeting. In response, Mortimer ravaged the lands of Lancaster and checked the revolt.

A witness seminar is a method of collecting oral history material, whereby a number of people connected to an event or topic meet to share recollections of their involvement. The results may be recorded or videoed and an edited transcript published. The concept was conceived and formalised by the Institute of Contemporary British History (now the Centre for Contemporary British History) and was subsequently adopted by The History of Modern Biomedicine Group, and published as volumes in the Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine series.

REME Cap Badge First version - in service 1942 - 1947 After some interim designs, the badge of the Corps was formalised in June 1943 for use as the cap-badge, collar-badge, and on the buttons. It consisted of an oval Royally Crowned laurel wreath; on the wreath were four small shields at the compass points, each shield bearing one of the letters of "REME".Robert Wilkinson-Latham, Discovering British Military Badges and Buttons, Shire Publications Ltd 2006 (p.27) Within the wreath was a pair of calipers.

Before the establishment of the Preventive Water Guard, the term 'waterguard' had been in use generically for many years to describe customs officers operating from any sort of vessel (as opposed to land-based officers). Its use was later formalised as the title of the branch of the service dedicated to preventive work. The Riding Officers, by association, were sometimes called the 'land guard'. Since at least the 17th century, the practice of preventive officers systematically searching a vessel for illicit goods has been called 'rummaging'.

The hockey club also gained full blue status (in 1894) before the system was formalised by the establishment of the blues committee in 1912. The award of Palatinates for sports at Durham dates to at least 1883, when the cricket "Eleven" were permitted to wear the "university coat" (i.e. blazer) of palatinate purple target than the claret coat of the club, and the award of both Palatinates and half Palatinates was well established by the end of the century. Manchester adopted maroon in 1905.

The AFL gave the Cup competition the go ahead on 17 December 2010 with the fixture released publicly. The official name of the tournament (Foxtel Cup), finalised fixture and participating teams were formalised on 9 February 2011 by the AFL. Williamstown became the inaugural Foxtel Cup champions when they defeated Claremont by 21 points in the Grand Final at Patersons Stadium on 6 August 2011. Williamstown midfielder Ben Jolley won the Coles Medal as best afield for his game-high 30 possessions and eight clearances.

The short name of "Board of Trade" was formalised in 1861. In the 19th century the board had an advisory function on economic activity in the UK and its empire. During the second half of the 19th century it also dealt with legislation for patents, designs and trademarks, company regulation, labour and factories, merchant shipping, agriculture, transport, power etc. Colonial matters passed to the Colonial Office and other functions were devolved to newly created departments, a process that continued for much of the 20th century.

The leadership of the heads of the great surnames was largely replaced by the authority of landholding lairds in the seventeenth centuryMitchison, Lordship to Patronage, p. 92. and by the early eighteenth century the feud had been almost completely suppressed. The combination of agnatic kinship and the feudal system, which formalised mutual obligations of service and protection, organised through heritable jurisdictions, has been seen as creating the Highland clan system.G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce (Berkeley CA.: University of California Press, 1965), p. 7.

The province of West Papua was separated from the western portion of the province of Papua in February 2003, initially under the name of West Irian Jaya (Irian Jaya Barat). In November 2004, an Indonesian court agreed that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, the court ruled that because the new province had already been established, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also prohibited the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, as that division had not yet been formalised.

One was often a man dressed as a woman. They sang 'popular ditties' and performed a mummer’s play.R. Hunt, Popular Romances of the West of England (Llanerch, 1993) Appendix E (facsimile of 1881 original) In The Delectable Duchy 'Q' (the writer Arthur Quiller-Couch ) tells of mummers, guise-dancers and darky parties in c1892. Bottrell describes guise-dances as light-hearted plays in doggerel with music and dance interludes. Perhaps these shows, formalised in Nance’s Cledry Plays were the last evolution of the mummers' art.

The grammar of the Belarusian language is mostly synthetic and partly analytic, and norms of the modern language were adopted in 1959. Belarusian orthography is constructed on the phonetic principle ("you write down what you hear") and is mainly based on the Belarusian folk dialects of the Minsk- Vilnius region, such as they were at the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, Belarusian grammar was formalised by notable Belarusian linguist Branislaw Tarashkyevich and first printed in Vil'nya (1918). Historically, there had existed several other alternative Belarusian grammars.

In the first half of the 20th century, many home economics schools, intended as secondary education for girls, were instituted around Iceland. Within these schools, during a time of nationalistic fervor, many Icelandic culinary traditions were formalised and written down by the pupils. They were published in large recipe compendia a few years later. Later emphasis on food hygiene and the use of fresh ingredients was a novelty in a country where culinary traditions had been based on preserving food for long term use.

In the pre-war period of his retirement he wrote many articles on local traditional customs, or adat. These were particularly important as they were the first time these adats had been formalised in writing and thereafter served as standard references for the tribes. In 1941 he rejoined Government service as Acting Protector of Labour and Secretary for Chinese Affairs. From 1942 until September 1945 Woolley was interned, along with other Allied European civilians in the Japanese internment camp at Batu Lintang, in Kuching, Sarawak.

The Act also formalised the two-power standard, whereby the Royal Navy sought to be as large as the next two major naval powers combined.Brown, pp. 115–17 Preliminary work on what would become the Royal Sovereigns began in 1888 and the Board of Admiralty directed the Director of Naval Construction, Sir William White, to design an improved and enlarged version of the . These ships were equipped with gun turrets, the weight of which dictated that they be low-freeboard ships to reduce their topweight.

During the 1980s, he came across the teachings of Brother Lekhraj Kripalani, now formalised as the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University, while still performing with Open Secret. From 2003 to 2006 he was coordinator of a Brahma Kumaris retreat centre near Wilton New South Wales. Ramsay was invited to recreate his Tagore show Borderland in London, for the Lord Mayor of London's "India Now" celebrations. In 2008 Ramsay was asked by BK management to make a film on the history of the Brahma Kumaris.

On returning to England from exile, King Charles developed an interest in sailing on the Thames and subsequently his courtiers (including The Earl of Inchiquin) followed his example. Upon the Earl’s return to Cork, recreational sailing commenced. Some years later, the Earl of Inchiquin's great-grandson, 26-year-old William O'Brien and five of his friends formalised their activities and in so doing established The Water Club of the Harbour of Cork in 1720. This body became inactive in 1765 and was re-established in 1802.

The Otaue ceremony. From the late seventh century, when the festivals and offerings of Ise Shrine became more formalised, a number of annual events have been performed at both Naikū and Gekū. The Tsukinamisai, which was held in June and December, as well as the Kannamesai Festival in September, were the only three offerings performed by the Saiō, an imperial princess who served as high priestess of the shrine until the 14th century.Saikū Historical Museum information booklet, "A Town of Bamboo Illumined Once Again".

The initiative of the NSFC and the DFG to found a jointly run center originated with a Chinese proposal in 1994. The idea was to create an institution to intensify scientific exchange between Germany and China. The decision to establish such a project was formalised in 1995, when the founding agreement for the SGC was signed in the presence of Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Chinese Premier Li Peng. In 1998 the agreement was signed by the DFG and NSFC, allowing the SGC to become reality.

The new proprietors were responsible in 1886 for creating the existing building. Interestingly the floor plans of the old hotel and the new building closely correspond. The new building included two shops built to the east along the Argyle Street frontage, this formalised an earlier arrangement of two timber shops previously constructed on the property in this area, and let. In 1899 the name of the Hotel was changed from British Seamen's Hotel to Hughes's Family Hotel, and was also known as McCarthy's Hotel in the 1920s.

Povey family interests in the English Caribbean were extensive: Thomas's brother Richard Povey looked after the family interests in Jamaica, where he was officially Commissioner General for Provisions, while another brother, William, attended to affairs in Barbados, where he was officially Provost- General.Bernard Bailyn, "Communications and trade: the Atlantic in the seventeenth century", Journal of Economic History, 1953. Povey was one of the original members of the Royal Society in May 1663 and had acted in the interests of its less formalised predecessor at Gresham College.

100 The lake is a residual part of Lake Humboldt, but since 1973 functions as an artificial lake after the construction of drainage channels. The lake is fed from the Bojacá River from the northeast and from the San José channel, fed by the Bogotá River in the southwest. Between 1969 and 2013 the surface area of the lake has been reduced with . Recent mining activities close to the lake endanger the environment of Lake Herrera, formalised a water reserve on July 23, 2006.

The other was the rounding up of the ex-Rwandan soldiers and the dismantling of the Hutu militia known as Interahamwe, which took part in Rwanda's 1994 genocide and continues to operate out of eastern Congo. Rwanda had previously refused to withdraw until the Hutu militias were dealt with. Signed on 6 September, the Luanda Agreement formalised peace between Congo and Uganda. The treaty aimed to get Uganda to withdraw their troops from Bunia and to improve the relationship between the two countries, but implementation proved troublesome.

Another important ritual in the wedding ceremony was the offering up of an apple by the groom's family to be consumed by the bride. The wedding ceremony was formalised by the bride moving in to her husband's house as well as by the bride's father giving a dowry to the groom. Marriage ceremonies in Sparta differed greatly from the rest of the Greek city-states. Unlike in the rest of Greece, Spartan women had to consent for the marriage to be valid and not just her parents.

The Cohong, sometimes spelled or , was a guild of Chinese merchants or hongs who operated the import-export monopoly in Canton (now Guangzhou) during the Qing dynasty (16441911). During the century prior to the First Opium War of 1839, trade relations between China and Europe were exclusively conducted via the Cohong, which was formalised by imperial edict in 1760 by the Qianlong Emperor. The Chinese merchants who made up the Cohong were referred to as (行商) and their foreign counterparts as (literally "foreign traders").

The divisions could be formalised by using star risings or settings in relation to the equinoxes: for instance, winter is defined in one medical text as the period between the setting of the Pleiades and the spring.Hippocrates. On the Regimen, 3.68.2. The older tradition as seen in Hesiod's Works and Days was extended by astronomical research to the creation of star calendars known as parapegmas. They were stone or wooden tablets listing a sequence of astronomical events, each with a peg hole beside it.

From FreeCEN Yet by 1846 it is clear that Montrose Academy had come to replace the old Grammar School, and it is mentioned as the prominent educational institution in the town. There was no formalised leadership of the school for some time. In 1845, the second Statistical Account recorded that the rector of the school taught mathematics, geography and French and that there were two teachers of English; two teachers of writing and arithmetic and two for Latin. The school was then attended by 347 pupils.

Auchinleck drafted orders for Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie, the commander of the Eighth Army, that he was to make every effort to prevent Tobruk from being taken but he was not to allow his forces to be surrounded there. If the fall of Tobruk was imminent, "the place should be evacuated and the maximum amount of destruction carried out in it", while a firm defence line should be established further east on the Egyptian border.Playfair 1960, pp. 197–198 This withdrawal arrangement was formalised as Operation Freeborn.

'Club Types' in The Strand Magazine Vol. 4 (1892) Oscar Wilde caricatured in Rossetti and His Circle (1916) In the 1890s, while a student at Oxford University, Beerbohm showed great skill at observant figure sketching. His usual style of single-figure caricatures on formalised groupings, drawn in pen or pencil with delicately applied watercolour tinting, was established by 1896 and flourished until about 1930. In contrast to the heavier artistic style of the Punch tradition, he showed a lightness of touch and simplicity of line.

Leif Størmer recognised on the basis of limb types that a diverse group of Cambrian arthropods, known largely from the Burgess Shale, were likely to be relatives of the trilobites. Hou and Bergström formalised this grouping into the Lamellipedia, consisting of two clades: the Marrellomorpha and the Artiopoda. The Artiopoda have subsequently been considered to consist of two clades; one reusing Trilobitomorpha to encompass trilobites, nektaspids, concilitergans and xandarellids, and the other called Vicissicaudata encompassing aglaspidids, xenopods and cheloniellids. This topology is not recovered in some studies.

St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cemetery is a heritage-listed closed cemetery on the corner of Pennant Hills Road and Church Street, North Parramatta, City of Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia. It is the earliest formalised Catholic cemetery in Australia, and was in use from 1824 to 1972. A central feature of this historic cemetery is the 1844 Gothic revival styled mortuary chapel, which is the oldest mortuary chapel in Australia. The cemetery was closed in 1972 and subsequently transferred to the City of Parramatta in 1975.

Sussex was historically divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes had separate quarter sessions: the county town of the three eastern rapes was Lewes. This position was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils, in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. Within East Sussex there were also three self- administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.

4 Now known as Low Hill. The boundaries of the parish date back to Saxon times. The eastern boundary is the Bow Brook, formalised in 974 AD by King Edgar granting land to the east of the Bow Brook to Pershore Abbey establishing a permanent boundary with the parish of Peopleton. In 976 the western boundary was changed as the result of the ruling of the Hundred Court where by a local farmer was accused of illegally farming land to the western side of the saltway.

Palden Lhamo It is said that Palden Lhamo, the female guardian spirit of the sacred lake, Lhamo La-tso, promised the 1st Dalai Lama in one of his visions "that she would protect the reincarnation lineage of the Dalai Lamas." Ever since the time of Gendun Gyatso, the 2nd Dalai Lama, who formalised the system, and senior monks have since regularly visited the lake to seek guidance on choosing the next reincarnations. particularly of the Dalai and Panchen lamas, through visions while meditating there.Laird, Thomas (2006).

The first Rolls-Royce car, the Rolls-Royce 10 hp, was unveiled at the Paris Salon in December 1904. In 1906 Rolls and Royce formalised their partnership by creating Rolls-Royce Limited, with Royce appointed chief engineer and works director on a salary of £1,250 per annum plus 4% of the profits in excess of £10,000. Royce thus provided the technical expertise to complement Rolls' financial backing and business acumen. By 1907 the company was winning awards for the engineering reliability of its cars.

In 1289, the Catalan 'Corts' or Parliament - considered as of the year 1300 as representing the totality or 'generality' (Generalitat) of Catalonia - formed a commission to collect the taxes that the Corts granted the King. The Corts - or 'General Assembly' of Catalonia, meeting at Cervera in 1359, formalised that commission or Deputation (Diputació) of the General. It consisted of deputies from the three estates: military or noble, ecclesiastical, and popular or royal (representatives of the guilds and citizens of towns directly subject to the King).

He gave the Burkhan Khaldun the status of a royal sacred mountain. The history is chronicled in the Secret History of the Mongols, which UNESCO recognised in 1990 as a "literary creation of outstanding universal significance". In this document Burkhan Khaldun is described in detail and mentioned 27 times, which signifies the unique position of the mountain in Mongolia‘s heritage. This document establishes the authenticity of the site, stating: A Presidential Decree of 1955 formalised the worship of the Burkhan Khaldun Mountain as a national monument.

After unsuccessful talks with this group, and the VHPBA, the association decided to affiliate with neither. Instead, on 21 September 1960, the association re-incorporated as South Australian Pipe Band Association Inc. Later that year, on 28 September the decision was made to affiliate the Australian Federation of Pipe Band Associations, and this was formalised on 1 November. Months afterwards, the first president Frank Collins, and secretary A. Turnbill held discussions with the remaining non-member bands in Adelaide, resulting in their subsequent merge.

In the same paper they also gave a heuristic proof of that relation using local Lyapunov weights. In 1995 Gallavotti and Cohen described a proof employing the so-called chaotic hypothesis, of the so- called Gallavotti Cohen Fluctuation Theorem. This proof formalised the heuristic proof given in 1993 by Denis Evans, Cohen and Gary Morriss. Another interest of Cohen's is the diffusion of independent point particles moving on a lattice occupied by two kinds of obstacles that scatter the particles according to certain deterministic scattering rules.

At first, these seem to have been bestowed on individuals by the monarch or feudal lord as a sign of special recognition; but in the fifteenth century the use of robes became formalised with peers all wearing robes of the same design, though varied according to the rank of the wearer.Mansfield, A., Ceremonial Costume. London: A & C Black 1980 Two distinct forms of robe emerged, and these remain in current use: one is worn for parliamentary occasions and the other is generally worn only at coronations.

In 1660, the Commons had resolved that "the right of election is in the freemen and inhabitants paying scot and lot". But this determination proved to be ambiguous. It was presumably intended to secure the vote to the inhabitants whether or not they were freemen, but it was quickly re-interpreted as restricting the vote to those who were both freemen and residents. This arrangement was eventually formalised into a franchise held by the Mayor and members of the Corporation, providing they lived in the town.

This was successful, as the SAS soldiers attacked the encampment containing the hostages while the soldiers from The Parachute Regiment attacked a second encampment. In December 2004, it was announced that a unit would be formalised for this role as part of the wider future army structure. It was initially conceived as a battalion of "Rangers", similar to the United States Army Rangers. The SFSG's formation was announced officially by the then Secretary of State for Defence John Reid in Parliament on 20 April 2006.

The master's degree dates back to the origin of European universities, with a Papal bull of 1233 decreeing that anyone admitted to the mastership in the University of Toulouse should be allowed to teach freely in any other university. The original meaning of the master's degree was thus that someone who had been admitted to the rank (degree) of master (i.e. teacher) in one university should be admitted to the same rank in other universities. This gradually became formalised as the (licence to teach).

MAS (mechanism, action, structure) theory of marketing systems proposed by Layton focuses on social mechanisms, strategic action fields, and emergent marketing system structure to explicate potential sources and causes of marketing system's formation, adaptation, and evolution. Social mechanisms include cooperation, specialisation, and self-organisation, while strategic action fields comprise the action and practices of marketing system actors in their specific roles. Layton argues that marketing systems emerge as localised exchanges grow in scope and become stabilised while specialisation expands, and in addition, as key structures become formalised.

' However, Anguilla decided to secede from the federation in 1969, owing to fears that their population, which was already small, would be further marginalised in parliament. This was eventually formalised in 1980, and a new flag for the remaining parts of the federation was needed, since the symbolism of the previous flag centred on the concept of a union of three. A national competition was held in the early 1980s to choose a new flag. The winning design by student Edris Lewis was one of 258 entries.

The union in London was formalised further in 1540 by King Henry VIII of England between the Worshipful Company of Barbers (incorporated 1462) and the Guild of Surgeons to form the Company of Barber-Surgeons. In 1745 the surgeons broke away from the barbers to form the Company of Surgeons. In 1800 the Company was granted a Royal Charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London. A further charter in 1843 granted it the present title of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

After experiencing the biggest player drain in the club's history, both senior sides struggled, winning just one game each - however, the Under 18s won five games to finish sixth. Dale Chivas polled well in the Snow Medal, finishing in third place with 14 votes - only two behind the winner. In 2008 the Rams formalised their standalone Under 18's team as well as a First and Reserve grade teams. Although performing well after a great start, a mid-season slump saw the 18's miss the finals.

Archeologists date the foundation of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built circa 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, and its status as part of Sweden was formalised in 1720. Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.

Marxism–Leninism–Maoism is a political philosophy that builds upon Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. It was first formalised by the Peruvian communist party Shining Path in 1988. The synthesis of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism did not occur during the life of Mao. From the 1960s, groups that called themselves Maoist, or which upheld Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought, were not unified around a common understanding of Maoism and had instead their own particular interpretations of the political, philosophical, economical and military works of Mao.

The Consumer Council is an independent statutory authority in Hong Kong, established in 1974 and formalised in 1977 under the Consumer Council Ordinance (Cap. 216). Its role is to enhance consumer welfare and empower consumers to protect themselves.Consumer Council - Mission (government info) The chairman, vice-chairman, and members of the council are all appointed by the Chief Executive of the HKSAR for renewable terms of two years. The council is 95 percent funded from government funds, with the remainder coming from sale of materials.

The base of the old market cross still exists next to what was the public hall. The public hall had replaced an old rows of 'shambles' where butchers sold their wares. The market place was also the site of a bullring used for baiting. Records show that markets have been held in the town since 1221, but were formalised under letters patent from Charles I. The old workhouse Under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 a Poor law union was established in Easingwold in 1837.

In 1990, the Academy and the Royal Conservatory joined into the Academy of Fine Arts, Music and Dance (now University of the Arts The Hague). In 2000, a general overhaul lead by architect Van Mourik Vermeulen was carried out, enlarging the campus. In 2001, a collaboration between Leiden University and the Royal Academy of Art resulted in the first formalised collaboration between a dutch university and art institute. Royal Conservatory, KABK and Leiden University now offer joint degree programmes, including ones at doctoral level.

The sculptural style based more upon observation and naturalism than on formalised design developed rapidly. It is thought that one reason for the rapid development of naturalistic form was a growing awareness of Classical remains in places where they were most numerous and a deliberate imitation of their style. The consequence is that there are doorways which are Romanesque in form, and yet show a naturalism associated with Early Gothic sculpture. One of these is the Pórtico da Gloria dating from 1180, at Santiago de Compostela.

Between 1937 and 1939 the site was considered for a prospective naval shipbuilding yard. One of the site's disadvantages was a lack of power supply and Whyalla was chosen instead. In 1952, Fitzgerald Bay was chosen as a prospective site for the first nuclear power plant in the Southern hemisphere, and discussion of the prospect continued until 1954. The proposal was never formalised, though uranium-bearing ore was mined in South Australia at Radium Hill and refined at Port Pirie during the 1950s and early 1960s.

Formalised garden plots and pathways are located between several of the buildings. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Graythwaite is socially significant to the surrounding community for its historical significance as an example of North Shore residence for the wealthy. Its significance has also been established socially through its use as a convalescent home, a hostel for long term disablement and then a geriatric hospital.

McMichael depicted on a mural in Roden Street With South Belfast formalised as a brigade, Lisburn-based John McMichael emerged as the brigadier and, due to his closeness to UDA leader Andy Tyrie, soon became one of the most prominent figures within the wider movement.McDonald & Cusack, pp. 103-105 Following the heavy activity of the years before, under the guidance of McMichael and Tyrie the UDA slowed down their run of killings. They were responsible for the deaths of three Catholics in 1977 and two in 1978.

Anna Chromy has gathered interest in China since 1995 when she was honorary guest at the Guangzhou-art-fair. In the time since then her popularity has grown in the region. In December 2011, at her exhibition in Foshan, Qiao Hua, Director of the Grandfather Art Gallery, formalised her popularity when he said her works have won the favour of collectors in China. She has been invited to exhibit her entire collection for the first time at the National Museum of China, on Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

The atmosphere inside the Assembly was so heady that confusion reigned in the provinces for months afterwards as to the true meaning of the laws. The real product of the night was not formalised until the Feudal Committee reported back on 5 March 1790. The Committee reintroduced the mainmorte (explicitly outlawed by the original decrees) and set a rate of redemption for real interests (those connected to the land) that was impossible for the majority of peasants to pay (30 times the annual rent).

Peep Hill is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It is reported to be named for "a round hill in the last range towards the east". The Peep Hill School opened in 1883, and was originally known as the Deep Creek School. The school closed on 22 July 1939 and was put up for sale in 1948.

In 1771, the first formalised ballet school at the Royal Danish Theater was founded by the French dancer and royal court dancing-master Pierre Laurent. The school was run on a rather humble scale with Laurent teaching six to eight pupils for two hours every day in the unheated vestibule of the Court Theater at Christiansborg Palace. But Laurent's school soon lost its dance lesson monopoly at the Royal Danish Theater. In 1775, the Italian dancer, choreographer, and teacher Vincenzo Galeotti was engaged as ballet master.

Gum Creek is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". It is named for the Gum Creek pastoral property, which originally extended from Farrell Flat to Mount Bryan, with the homestead being located in the Gum Creek locality. The property was owned by a number of notable figures, with Sir John Duncan succeeding Sir Walter Hughes as owner.

Originally known as the Carnegie Amateur Cycling club, the club traces its history back over 100 years. Early races were typically handicap races over 10–60-mile road courses, often starting at the Rosstown Hotel before making their way along Dandenong Road. The club also played a big part in the local community, in particular through its support for the Oakleigh Carnival. Around this time, the club formalised the first incarnation of its junior program recorded in 1931 after early success in the Victoria Club Premierships.

Unlike many left-wing artists with whom, as an instinctively anti-authoritarian woman, she mixed, Sarah Haffner welcomed the fall of the wall and reunification. Nevertheless, the reunification, formalised in October 1990, introduced an additional two thousand professional painters to the Berlin art market. There was, at that stage, no corresponding increase in potential buyers for contemporary art. The market was further depressed by uncertainty about the future, as westerners faced supplementary taxation to finance the economic regeneration of the "neuen Bundesländer" (former East Germany).

The Kent County FA was formed in October 1881 by two friends – M.P, Betts (Secretary) and G.W. Prall (Treasurer). Over the next few years, matters became more formalised. Mr A.G.O Kennedy was appointed secretary in 1888, and he made a great difference in creating a proper structure for football. He was taken ill in 1892 and died in December of that year. From Mr. Kennedy’s base P.J. Leckie became secretary and served until 1986 and was succeeded by J Albert, who served until 1905.

It introduced and formalised concepts of the , , undermining, prophylaxis, restraint, rook on the seventh , knight outposts, the dynamics of the isolated queen's pawn, and other areas of chess. Although none of the primary exponents of the Hypermodern school ever achieved the title of World Chess Champion, they were among the world's strongest players. World Champion Alexander Alekhine was associated with hypermodernism, but his style was more of a blend with the Classical school. In practice, hypermodernism has not replaced the classical theory of Steinitz and Tarrasch.

And after a fleet assembled by his wife Blanche of Castile, attempting to bring him French reinforcements, was defeated off the coast of Sandwich on 24 August 1217, he was forced to make peace on English terms. He signed the Treaty of Lambeth and surrendered the few remaining castles he held. The effect of the treaty was that Prince Louis agreed he had never been the legitimate king of England. This formalised the end of the civil war and the departure of the French from England.

Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Israel were formalised in May 1948, not long after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The first envoy, , was appointed on 26 June 1948, and presented his credentials on 17 August that year. Diplomatic relations were briefly suspended by the Soviet government with Yershov's recall in February 1953, but were restored in July that year, and was appointed the new envoy in August. Relations were further strengthened the following year with the conversion of the missions to the level of embassies.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) formalised the annexation of the Decapolis by France.. Sélestat was briefly occupied by the Germans during the Franco-Dutch War in 1674.. The Treaties of Nijmegen (1679) that ended the war also abolished the Decapolis. At first, Sélestat was a major strategic stronghold for the French. Located near the Rhine, it controlled the access to the Vosges mountains and the rest of France. Vauban, the foremost military architect at that time, rebuilt the town walls between 1675 and 1691.

Having settled matters with France in 1493, he was soon involved in the long Italian Wars against France (1494–1559). In addition to the wars against the French, there were the wars for Swiss independence. The Swabian War of 1499 marked the last phase of this struggle against the Habsburgs. Following defeat at the Battle of Dornach in 1499, Austria was forced to recognise Swiss independence at the Treaty of Basel in 1499, a process that was finally formalised by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

They allowed Britain to control all trade through the straits of Malacca. British influence was increased by Malayan fears of Siamese expansionism, to which Britain made a useful counterweight. During the 19th century the Malay Sultans aligned themselves with the British Empire, due to the benefits of associations with the British and the belief in superior British civilisation. In 1824, British hegemony in Malaya (before the name Malaysia) was formalised by the Anglo- Dutch Treaty, which divided the Malay archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands.

When the Indonesian independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sovereign Javanese monarchies, represented by the Sri Sultan of Yogyakarta, the Sunanate of Surakarta and Prince of Mangkunegara declared that they would become part of the Republic of Indonesia. Yogyakarta and Pakualam were later united to form the Yogyakarta Special Region. The Sri sultan became Governor of Yogyakarta, and the Prince of Pakualaman became vice-governor; both were responsible to the President of Indonesia. The Special Region of Yogyakarta was created after the war of independence ended and formalised on 3 August 1950.

A bee- friendly flower bed at the community garden Since the interwar period, the earthworks leading up to the fort have been used by the residents of Šilainiai to grow vegetables. In addition to the produce grown in beds, there are a range of native trees, including oak, birch, apple and plum. In 2018 stakeholders and members of the community formalised the gardens under the name Šilainių Sodai (Šilainiai Gardens), with the aim of preserving the living history of the community garden as part of the historic military site.

As part of Croydon Vision 2020, plans to develop and expand the centre were formalised by leaseholder and landlord Howard Holdings plc, for which a planning application was submitted. Construction of the extension was due to start in 2009 and be finished in 2014, as promised by Geddes Architects who were the main contractor. In 2010, Howard Holdings went into administration. Their 75% of the lease company and management of the centre is now managed by their administrators, on behalf of Royal London Asset Management and the Irish Bank Resolution Corporation.

Later conventions, created after the institution of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, which was drafted in both English and French, commanded more support. The Hague Service Convention, ratified in 1965, enabled designated authorities in each of the signatory states to transmit documents for service to each other, bypassing the diplomatic route. This convention has been ratified by 60 states, including the United Kingdom and the United States, neither of which had ratified the 1905 convention. The Hague Evidence Convention, ratified in 1970, formalised procedures for taking of evidence.

Dominican friar and theologian who formalised the "Five Ways" intended to demonstrate God's existence. The Quinque viæ (Latin for "Five Ways") (sometimes called "five proofs") are five logical arguments for the existence of God summarized by the 13th-century Catholic philosopher and theologian St. Thomas Aquinas in his book Summa Theologica. They are: #the argument from "first mover"; #the argument from causation; #the argument from contingency; #the argument from degree; #the argument from final cause or ends ("teleological argument"). Aquinas expands the first of these – God as the "unmoved mover" – in his Summa Contra Gentiles.

The challenge had to come from a recognized yacht club and consequently was taken up by John Fisk on behalf of the Chapman Sands Yacht Club of which he was Commodore and friend of Rod. The challenge was successful and the trophy went to the UK where it stayed for 8 years. The simple design rules were formalised, overall length of , beam of and total sail area of to be sailed by a two-man crew. These formed the basis of the rules for the International C-Class Catamaran.

The Linacre Readership in Medicine at the University of Cambridge was founded in 1524, and the Regius Professor of Physic was established in 1540. Teaching was reformed in 1829, but the current medical school was established in 1976. Teaching of apprentices was first recorded in 1561 at St Thomas's Hospital, London, and formalised between 1693 and 1709. The University of Edinburgh Medical School was founded in 1726 and was the first formally established medical school in the UK. This was followed by Glasgow in 1744, although the school was without a teaching hospital until 1794.

The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history. Burra Bee Dee came about the efforts of one Aboriginal woman, Cain. Due to a flock of wandering goats, Cain and her family made Forky Mountain their home in the late 1800s. Through the efforts and persistence of Cain, Burra Bee Dee was formalised in 1911 and became a place of occupation and food for the local Aboriginal people and Aboriginal people from around the district.

It also formalised its partnership with Warwickshire Social Services, and the task of registering blind and partially sighted people was delegated to the charity. The Association underwent an extensive restructuring programme in 2004 as a result of changes in financial regulations, and in 2008 became a limited company. As of 2011 Warwickshire Association for the Blind has over 4,000 people on its database, 2,800 of whom are registered as having some form of visual disability. The organisation celebrated its centenary year in 2011 with a re-enactment of its first meeting at Leamington Town Hall.

In 1891, Rivières du Sud was placed under the colonial lieutenant governor at Dakar, who had authority over the French coastal regions east to Porto-Novo (modern Benin). In 1894 Rivières du Sud, Cote d'Ivoire and Dahomey were separated into 'independent' colonies, with Rivières du Sud being renamed as the Colony of French Guinea. In 1895, French Guinea was made one of several dependent colonies and its Governor became one of several Lieutenant Governors who reported to a Governor-General in Dakar. In 1904, this federation of colonies was formalised as French West Africa.

There is no formalised process or convention for how the devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland commemorate important figures. The deaths of Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness were privately commemorated, reflecting political and religious sensitivities in Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there have not yet been any funerals organised by the state in the modern era. In 2017, the Welsh Government organised a humanist funeral for former First Minister Rhodri Morgan at the National Assembly for Wales, which was televised and billed as a major national event.

On 12 and 13 February 1949, a meeting was organised at the Patiala House, in Delhi, in between the representatives of nine Asian National Olympic Committees. The framework of the meeting was set up in another meeting held on 8 August 1948 during the Second London Olympics, which was called by the Indian Olympic Committee's representative Guru Dutt Sondhi. The meeting was chaired by Yadavindra Singh, president of the Indian Olympic Association. On the last day, Asian Games Federation (AGF) was formalised and a draft constitution was accepted.

The Queensland Heritage Act 1992 is an act of the Parliament of Queensland that establishes a legislative framework for registration protection of places of local and statewide significance. The Act established the Queensland Heritage Council and formalised the Queensland Heritage Register. In September 2008, the Act was modified to allow the Queensland Government to compel owners to maintain their heritage property or else be fined up to $75,000. The change was motivated by concerns that the heritage-listed Keating residence in Indooroopilly, Brisbane was being inadequately maintained by its owners.

The formalised flower motif is often carved in stone or wood to create decorative ornaments for architecture and furniture, and in metalworking, jewelry design and the applied arts to form a decorative border or at the intersection of two materials. Rosette decorations have been used for formal military awards. They also appear in modern, civilian clothes,"Blame the Rosettes" by Eric Wilson, The New York Times, 3 August 2006 and are often worn prominently in politicalSee rosette in politics or sportingWoodward, Kath. Social Sciences: The Big Issues, Routledge; 2nd edition: September 2009; events.

CII undertakes a series of focused interventions to ensure the inclusive and social development of economically and socially challenged groups through corporate engagement. For bettering the lives of citizens, CII's long-standing work in the social sector was formalised through the establishment of the CII Foundation in 2011. The Foundation provides a meaningful bridge between marginalised communities and donors, especially the corporate sector. The core areas of intervention include CSR and ethical conduct, education, public health, skill development, affirmative action, women empowerment, people with disabilities, climate change, and disaster relief & rehabilitation.

County Hall, Lewes Sussex was historically sub-divided into six rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes together and the three western rapes together had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes.Connections West Sussex This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with it own elected county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.

A&E; Records is a United Kingdom-based record label imprint, owned by Warner Music Group (WMG). It operates under the WEA International group of labels at WMG. A&E; Records was formalised in May 2003, when the NewsCorp Music Group of independent record labels (comprising Mushroom Records UK, Infectious Records, Ultimate Dilemma, Perfecto and 48K) were absorbed into WMG's East West after 20 months of negotiations, with all of its roster transferring over. In November 2004, A&E; Records was realigned, and transferred across the company to within the Warner Bros label.

Britain would assume responsibility for the Holy Places under Article 13 of the mandate. The idea of an International Commission to resolve claims on the Holy Places, formalised in Article 95 of the Treaty of Sèvres, was taken up again in article 14 of the Palestinian Mandate. Negotiations about the commission's formation and role were partly responsible for the delay in ratifying the mandate. Article 14 of the mandate required Britain to establish a commission to study, define, and determine the rights and claims relating to Palestine's religious communities.

The region was first settled by Europeans during the 1840s when they took up illegal grazing runs on crown land. During the 1860s the government formalised these illegal (and unfenced) claims in an attempt to gain control of the region. As more settlers followed the town became a service hub for outlying stations. In the mid-19th century, the town’s Darling River wharf was very active as paddle- steamers, carried wool from north-western NSW and south-western Queensland travelling through the port on its way to South Australia.

Map of Iceland __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Iceland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead) and in Icelandic as "vinabæir" (twin towns) and "vinaborgir" (twin cities) referring to friendship between the municipalities. While most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

In 1819, the company also acquired Singapore from Johor Empire, later in 1824, Dutch Malacca from the Dutch, and followed by Dindings from Perak by 1874. All these trading posts officially known as Straits Settlements in 1826 and became the crown colony of British Empire in 1867. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when Malay rulers of Pahang, Selangor, Perak and Negeri Sembilan accepted British Residents and formed the Federated Malay States. In 1909, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis were handed over by Siam to the British.

Palden Lhamo line drawing from the 1895 book Tibetan Buddhism by L. Austine Wadell Palden Lhamo, as the female guardian spirit of the sacred lake, Lhamo La-tso, promised the 1st Dalai Lama in a vision "that she would protect the reincarnation lineage of the Dalai Lamas." Since the 2nd Dalai Lama, who formalised the system, regents and other monks have gone to the lake to meditate and seek guidance on choosing the next reincarnation through visions.Laird, Thomas (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, pp.

The Solskifte system was a land tenure system that developed in the early middle ages, but was formalised in Swedish law around 1350. Solskifte means sun division and is a way of allocating land within the community, such that each farmer get an equal access to the sun through the year. This was an important feature in a mountainous and northern nation like Sweden. The system was exported with the Viking conquest to parts of England and Finland,Solskifte(danish reference) where evidence of it remains in the modern landscape.

Insignia of twin towns on town hall in Kralupy nad Vltavou Map of the Czech Republic __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in the Czech Republic having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" (partnerská města) or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Universal Newsreel about the visit of Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov to the United States in 1933 On the day after the October Revolution of 1917, Litvinov was appointed by the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) as the Soviet government's plenipotentiary representative in Great Britain.Haslam, Jonathan (1983) Soviet Foreign Policy, 1930–33: The Impact of the Depression. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 11–13. His accreditation was never officially formalised, and his position as an unofficial diplomatic contact was analogous to that of Bruce Lockhart, Britain's unofficial agent in Soviet Russia.

The use of "master," "grandmaster," etc. is decided within an individual art or organization. The use may be self assigned; for example having promoted a student to 'teacher' level, or may be assigned by a governing body in arts with a more formalised structure, and some do not use it at all, for historic reasons or to avoid the 'elderly master' stereotype. The modern use of Dan rankings and Black belt and Red belt in martial arts both derive from Judo where they were adopted by its founder Kanō Jigorō.

The decisions were formalised in writing on 28 September, and Psychic Readings Lives BAI statement was broadcast on 5 October at 00.14 (immediately before the show). On 9 November BAI upheld four viewer complaints concerning Psychic Readings Live, including two pregnancy predictions and one in which a woman was told that her flat would burn down. TV3 responded with the assertion that they were not responsible for the content of the programme; it was an infomercial, due to its broadcast time. However, the broadcaster subsequently said it would contact Eso.

Naismith established the first formalised drug information service in Australia at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, and undertook cost-effectiveness studies to demonstrate the value of ward pharmacy services and the role of full-time ward pharmacists. Neil Naismith’s career included 40 years membership of SHPA where he served on the Federal Council (1967–1973 and 1993–2000) and on the Victorian Branch Committee for over 15 years. In 1965, in conjunction with Fred J Boyd, Neil launched the Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, and from 1965–1971 was the inaugural administrator of the journal.

Linköping in 2010 Map of Sweden __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities of Sweden having standing links to local communities in other countries. In some rare cases there are also twinnings with other municipalities within Sweden. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (), though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead, and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

Field punishment is any form of punishment used against military personnel in the field; that is, field punishment does not require that the member be incarcerated in a military prison or reassigned to a punishment battalion. It may be formalised under a system of military justice and may be a sentence imposed in a court martial or similar proceedings In English language contexts, "field punishment" refers specifically to Field Punishment Number One, which was used by the British Army between 1881 and 1923 and the armies of some other British Empire countries.

It was a black and white, silent film. Eulis Atjih was the second film to include native Indonesians in its cast, and the second feature film produced in the country. The native role was emphasised in the film's promotion; a poster for a screening at the Orient Theatre in Surabaya, for example, wrote that the film's native cast was equal to any American or European one. Of note is the film's use of the word "Indonesia", which was not to be formalised as a preferred term for the archipelago until the Youth Pledge in 1928.

As a result, research into this class of formal systems began to address both logical and computational aspects; this area of research came to be known as modern type theory. Advances were also made in ordinal analysis and the study of independence results in arithmetic such as the Paris–Harrington theorem. This was also a period, particularly in the 1950s and afterwards, when the ideas of mathematical logic begin to influence philosophical thinking. For example, tense logic is a formalised system for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time.

The development of molecular phylogenetic methods for determining taxonomic circumscription and phylogeny led to considerable revision of angiosperm classification, and establishment of Liliales as a monophyletic group. It was clear by 1996, that the most useful system to date, that of Dahlgren, required urgent revision. The new classification was formalised with the creation of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system (1998–2016), based on monophyletic clades, which continued the use of Liliales as the name for the taxon. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG system (1998) established a structure of monocot classification with ten orders.

See Table 3. On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided not only directions for Lao foreign policy, but also the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life.Stuart-Fox, Martin (1980).

In mathematical logic, structural proof theory is the subdiscipline of proof theory that studies proof calculi that support a notion of analytic proof, a kind of proof whose semantic properties are exposed. When all the theorems of a logic formalised in a structural proof theory have analytic proofs, then the proof theory can be used to demonstrate such things as consistency, provide decision procedures, and allow mathematical or computational witnesses to be extracted as counterparts to theorems, the kind of task that is more often given to model theory.

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to an aspect of warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that was formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080.

Late 2004, the MSCP invited Dr Marion Tapper of the University of Melbourne Philosophy Department to become a member. This merely formalised her involvement as she had always been supportive of the MSCP both philosophically and on account of knowing all of its members personally from teaching and supervision.Marion Tapper, School of Philosophy staff profile One way in which the MSCP attempts to transcend its university boundaries is by seeking new ways to teach and engage with philosophy. In particular, MSCP events strive to be both informal and rigorous.

Boston is a locality on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, situated in the District Council of Lower Eyre Peninsula. It consists of a coastal section immediately north of Port Lincoln and a broader area inland; while it is residential along the coast, much of the locality remains semi-rural. The name and boundaries were formalised in October 2003 for the long established local name. On 15 October 2009, sections of Boston were severed and added to North Shields and the new locality of Tiatukia, while a portion of adjacent Hawson was added to Boston.

Various islands were used for this purpose, with the first permanent acquisition being Penang, which was leased from the Sultanate of Kedah in 1786. This was followed soon after by the leasing of a block of territory on the mainland opposite Penang (known as Province Wellesley). In 1795, during the Napoleonic Wars, the British with the consent of the Netherlands occupied Dutch Malacca to forestall possible French interest in the area. In 1824 British hegemony in Malaya was formalised by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, which divided the Malay Archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands.

The sister-city relationship with Hobart broke down in the late 1990s. The relationship with Kumagaya in Japan was formalised in 1993 and with Suqian in China in 2013. When a Scottish tourist pointed out in 2017 that directions, distances and the coordinates displayed by the signpost were wrong, officials reviewed the setup and confirmed the errors. As part of the corrections implemented in late 2018, Tokyo in Japan was removed from the signpost and replaced with Suqian, but the former sister city Hobart was kept on the sign.

Partial equilibrium analysis examines the effects of policy action in creating equilibrium only in that particular sector or market which is directly affected, ignoring its effect in any other market or industry assuming that they being small will have little impact if any. Hence, this analysis is considered to be useful in constricted markets. Léon Walras first formalised the idea of a one-period economic equilibrium of the general economic system, but it was French economist Antoine Augustin Cournot and English political economist Alfred Marshall who developed tractable models to analyse an economic system.

The group was associated with the Republican Heritage Groups Council, a formalised development of the "Ethnic Division" of the Republican Party that was established in 1969.Bellant, Old Nazis, the New Right, and the Republican Party, pp. 4-6 The Bulgarian National Committee, a conservative émigré group, warned against allowing the BNF to be involved in this group, denouncing them as fascist although Richard Nixon's administration did not move against them and the BNF's Radi Slavoff served as executive director of the Council.Bellant, Old Nazis, the New Right, and the Republican Party, p.

It is said that Palden Lhamo, as the female guardian spirit of the sacred lake, Lhamo La-tso, promised Gendun Drup, the First Dalai Lama in one of his visions "that she would protect the reincarnation lineage of the Dalai Lamas." Ever since the time of Gendun Gyatso, the Second Dalai Lama, who formalised the system, the Regents and other monks have gone to the lake to seek guidance on choosing the next reincarnation through visions while meditating there.Laird, Thomas (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, pp. 139, 264-265.

Gardiner, p. 153 At Schönbrunn, Napoleon made the Illyrian Provinces part of metropolitan France and therefore under direct French rule, unlike the neighbouring Kingdom of Italy which was nominally independent but in reality came under his personal rule. Thus, the Treaty of Schönbrunn formalised Napoleon's control of almost the entire coastline of the Adriatic and, if unopposed, would allow him to transport troops and supplies to the Balkans. The French army forming in the Illyrian Provinces was possibly intended for an invasion of the Ottoman Empire in conjunction with the Russians;Henderson, p.

He set up the legal codes that formalised serfdom in Poland, placing the peasants into the private estates of nobles. Medal featuring the profile of Sigismund I, by Giovanni Maria Mosca Likely related to tax matters was an unsuccessful attempt on the life of the king, made on 5 May 1523. The identity of the would-be assassin - who shot the ruler while he was strolling in the evening around the cloisters of the Wawel castle - and his potential supporters was never established. Unclear motives remained after the assassination attempt.

Insufficient personnel (academic, administrative, and technical support) and low ratios of faculty members to students and administration members to faculty members. Limited financial resources from the state, affecting the general development of the institution. There is a general lack of certified procedural approaches, although it is clear that procedures at the UoA are increasingly systematized and formalised. The University should insist on the implementation of its strategic plan despite external adversities and further emphasize internationalization, intensify and systematise quest for external funding, both from the EU and from the private sector.

The local government agency serving the town is Wakefield Regional Council following a transfer in 1997 from the District Council of Blyth-Snowtown. The town boundaries were formalised in 2000. An adjustment was made in 2007 to annex an eastern strip of Ninnes that had been within Wakefield Regional Council, the same local council as Lochiel, instead of the council governing the rest of Ninnes (District Council of Barunga West). The town lies in the state electoral district of Nurangga and in the federal electoral division of Grey.

Pointr is a startup company based in London specialized in indoor positioning and navigation utilising iBeacons, which are Bluetooth Low Energy devices formalised by Apple Inc. Pointr have created a GPS-like experience with true position and turn-by-turn navigation that is supported by most modern smartphones operating on both Android and iOS. Analytics and messaging modules can be added on to help communicate with users and understand venue usage respectively. The features are provided through a software package (SDK) which aims to improve user experience whilst connecting the online and offline worlds.

Murray Bridge East is a semi-rural satellite locality of Murray Bridge in South Australia east of the Murray River and the eponymous bridge. Its boundaries were formalised in March 2000 to cover a portion of land immediately across the river to the east of the main Murray Bridge conurbation. It is bounded on the southwest by the Adelaide-Melbourne railway line and the defunct Rabila Railway Station is thus on the locality's southern boundary. The Karoonda Highway motor traffic route commences at Murray Bridge East and heads northeast through Karoonda to Loxton.

Court's strong domination of conservative politics had resulted in the National Country Party having only minor influence and the split galvanised demands for greater independence. A separate party called the "National Party" was formed. The name was initially disallowed after objections from the National Party in Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania but later formalised as the National Party of Australia (WA). Disaffected members of the National Country Party joined including three Members of the Legislative Assembly, Cowan, McPharlin and Matt Stephens, and one Member of the Legislative Council, Thomas McNeil.

Behind the scenes there had been numerous talks of takeovers and rescue plans for several years, none really materialised to any degree. In 2004, links with the local soccer school were formalised and several key members of that group and members of the business and political sectors got involved. The influx of interest had little effect though and after relegation at the end of the 2004–05 season the future looked bleak. On 7 June 2005, the club announced, hastily it may be argued, that it had folded after failing to overcome financial problems.

Some alternative chips at the time did allow this, as became formalised in the 1981 CEPT videotex standard. In addition to the UK version, several variants of the chip existed with slightly different character sets for particular localizations and/or languages. These had part numbers SAA5051 (German), SAA5052 (Swedish), SAA5053 (Italian), SAA5054 (Belgian), SAA5055 (U.S. ASCII), SAA5056 (Hebrew) and SAA5057 (Cyrillic). The SAA5050 was later superseded by the SAA5243 CCT chip, integrating a similar teletext character generator with all previously separately implemented functions such as decoding, timing and video generation.

Sugiyama's father was a Japanese immigrant. He moved to Koror in 1914 at the invitation of his uncle, after the Japanese Empire seized control of the islands as part of its World War I invasion of German New Guinea (which control would later be formalised by the League of Nations as the South Pacific Mandate). He began his new life there as a teacher, but would go on to manage a fruit packing company and a cafe. He married Rosang Sayoko Serek, the daughter of a local chieftain.

II, p. 90, cited in Potter, David, The French Wars of Religion: Selected Documents (New York 1997) p. 14 This practice was raised to a ceremonial custom at the court of King Louis XIV. In the court etiquette that Louis formalised, the set of extremely elaborate conventions was divided into the grand lever, attended by the full court in the gallery outside the king's bedchamber, and the petit lever that transpired in degrees in the king's chamber, where only a very select group might serve the king as he rose and dressed.

Research into Bellman's work began in the 19th century; the Bellman Society formalised Bellman studies with their standard edition and their Bellmansstudier publications in the 20th century. Towards the end of the 20th century, an increasing number of doctoral theses have been written on Bellman's life and work. Many of the songs have remained culturally significant in Scandinavia, especially in Sweden, where Bellman remains "widely popular to this day". In 1989, the Swedish government subsided an edition of Bellman's Epistles and Songs, with illustrations by Peter Dahl, to bring the texts to a wide audience.

The kits from the government are only half of the cost facing Hope Clinic Lukuli and so Aggreko ensure the clinic can offer that service free of charge. The DFCU Group has a strong community interest in HIV within its banking group. They have supported Hope Clinic Lukuli to enhance its laboratory with a complete upgrade from the equipment transferred from the old clinic premises. They also contributed to the cost of a medical VSO who has formalised the clinical protocols for maternal health, fever management, STIs and opportunistic infections associated with HIV.

Pro Vercelli joined the CCI league, which had a structure with fewer matches over the year, subsequently and joyously regaining their 7th National title, their last to date. Pro Vercelli were then invited to Rio de Janeiro to play against Flamengo and Botafogo. In the days before formalised European competition, Liverpool F.C., during a European tour as English Champions, played all of the strongest teams of the continent, defeating all except one: they could only manage a draw with Pro Vercelli in a clash of the finest sides of Europe on the day.

This explains why some 18th-century maps describing the former Roman Gaul revealed the name of Grannonum at the location of Granville (see map opposite). This hypothesis is now abandoned by contemporary practitioners. During the Revolution, the town temporarily took the name of Granville-la-Victoire (after the siege of the Vendéens she had victoriously endured in 1793), the name was then formalised without this complementary addition. According to the standard Norman spelling developed in the second half of the 20th century, the name of the town is written as Graunville ().

Austria was now seeking warmer relations with France to ensure that the French would not take Prussia's side in a future conflict over Silesia. King LouisXV responded to Prussia's realignment with Britain by accepting Maria Theresa's invitation to a new Franco-Austrian alliance, formalised with the First Treaty of Versailles in May 1756. This series of political manoeuvres came to be known as the Diplomatic Revolution. Russia, likewise upset by the withdrawal of Britain's promised subsidies, drew closer to Austria and France, agreeing to a more openly offensive anti-Prussian coalition in April 1756.

Ho Chi Minh Thought, or Ho Chi Minh Ideology, () is a political philosophy that builds upon Marxism–Leninism and the ideology of Ho Chi Minh. It was first formalised by the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1991. Ho Chi Minh Thought is a broad term for political theories and policies that are seen by their proponents as representing Marxism–Leninism adapted to Vietnamese circumstances and specific time periods. The ideology includes views on the basic issues of the Vietnamese Revolution, specifically the application and development of Marxism-Leninism to the material conditions of Vietnam.

It does not follow the strictures of the Adoption Act of 1955, for example, which supported the idea of a complete break between birth and adoptive families. The whāngai system is still in use in more traditional Māori communities. Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 provided a firmer legal basis for the practice, particularly in regards to inheritance law, and formalised whāngai as tikanga Māori (Māori customary practice). There are still some restrictions within the law regarding the rights of whāngai children which differ from those of legally adopted children.

His deputy and Intelligence head would be Peter Boroko (aka Peter Lesego Tshikare), the head of Security was Reddy Mazimba (aka Reddy Mampane) and the head of Administration was Sizakele Sigxashe. From 1981, the staffing was formalised with training in intelligence taking place in the Soviet Union, East Germany, Libya and Zimbabwe. With the fall of the Portuguese colony in Angola during 1975, the ANC was allowed to set up training camps. By 1979, NAT had set up Rehabilitation Camp 32 also known as the Morris Seabelo Rehabilitation Centre or more infamously as Quatro.

The hospital was located on the current Queensferry Road campus (designed by David Rhind). The hospital was transformed into "Daniel Stewart's College" in 1870. The school uniform from 1924 onwards was a cap with red and black stripes and a black blazer with red trim. In 1974 the link with another nearby Merchant Company school, the all-girls Mary Erskine School, was formalised and The Mary Erskine and Stewart's Melville Junior School was formed. Nursery to Primary 3 are housed on the Mary Erskine campus, with Primary 4 to 7 on the Stewart's Melville campus.

The Second Silesian War was a disappointment for Austria, whose armed forces proved surprisingly ineffective against smaller Prussian armies. The Treaty of Dresden formalised the loss of the Habsburg Monarchy's wealthiest province, and defeat by a lesser German prince significantly dented Habsburg prestige. The rest of the Habsburg patrimony in Central Europe was preserved intact, however, and Maria Theresa did win Prussia's retroactive support for her husband's election as Holy Roman Emperor. Despite its defeat, Austria was reluctant to recognise Prussia as a rival power and refused to accept the loss of Silesia.

Efforts have also been done to allow the language to become official in the state. In an earlier 2005 Unesco’s report, the Kadazan-Dusun language was classified as an endangered language, spoken by a mere 300,000 people. The language has apparently joined the 7,000 other languages worldwide that face the threat of extinction. On the bright side, Datuk Philip Lasimbang, Chair of Board of Directors Kadazandusun Language Foundation (KLF) had stated that the Kadazandusun language will never go extinct because it has entered our education system, is formalised and has been institutionalised.

Sometimes this was expressed as "those who prayed", "those who fought" and "those who worked". The Latin terms for the three classes – oratores, bellatores and laboratores – are often found even in modern textbooks, and have been used in sources since the 9th century. This threefold division was formalised in the estate system of social stratification, where again commoners were the bulk of the population who are neither members of the nobility nor of the clergy. They were the third of the Three Estates of the Realm in medieval Europe, consisting of peasants and artisans.

That agreement formalised the practice seen earlier in Cyprus. Under the proposal, all unsecured bondholders would be hit for losses before a bank was allowed to receive capital injections directly from the European Stability Mechanism.telegraph.co.uk: "EU makes bank creditors bear losses as Cyprus bail-in becomes blue-print for rescues", 27 Jun 2013 A tool known as the Single Resolution Mechanism, which was agreed by Eurogroup members on 20 March 2014, was part of an EU effort to prevent future financial crises by pooling responsibility for eurozone banks, known as a banking union.

To meet the growing demand for medical services, the Singapore government had decided to build a new hospital for the chronic sick at Thomson Road, named "Thomson Road Hospital". Established on 20 May 1959, physicians practicing in Singapore and overseas received their postgraduate clinical training in the hospital. Nursing training was also formalised when the School of Nursing for Pupil Assistant Nurse was officially opened within Thomson Road Hospital in September 1965. In the 1960s, the patient load gradually increased and new facilities, such as a surgical block and an X-ray department, were added.

Steffansson's claim form described a substantial painting "8 x 4 feet" in size, but did not specify whether this referred to the painted canvas size, the canvas plus frame or the crate size.District Court of the United States, Southern district of New York, Claim by H. Bjornstrom-Steffanson - Exhibit A, 9 January 1913, US National Archives, New York. This format does not conform to the standard size conventions for full-length portraits, formalised during the 19th century. Neither does it match the format ratio of any known full-length portrait by Blondel.

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency and the National Police Agency issued a notice on 25 July 2019, requiring gas stations to maintain sales records of people purchasing gasoline in refillable containers, which conform to fire safety regulations. Each record is to contain the buyer's personal information such as name, address, the purpose of the purchase, and quantity purchased. Although the notice had no legal backing, most buyers complied with this additional requirement voluntarily. This measure was formalised with the relevant regulations revised and enforced on 1 February 2020 to make the sales records mandatory.

He effectively succeeded as Earl of Orkney on his father's death, though this was not formalised until 1600. In Shetland he continued to appropriate lands and feuded with the lairds: Laurence Bruce of Cultmalindie, son of Robert Stewart's ally, became his chief opponent. Tingwall, at that time the church for Scalloway Following his charter of the Earldom in 1600, Stewart began the construction of Scalloway Castle which was completed around 1607. His main residence was the Earl's Palace, built by his father on Birsay, Orkney, while Scalloway was used by his representative in Shetland.

Article from The Times, October 25, 1920, reporting on the active discussions regarding the boundary line; this was later formalised in the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement. The Paulet–Newcombe Agreement, a series of agreements between 1920–23, contained the principles for the boundary between the Mandates of Palestine and Mesopotamia, attributed to Great Britain, and the Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon, attributed to France. A 1920 agreement defined the boundary between the forthcoming British and French mandates in broad terms,Text available in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1922, 122–126.

Vishnu Deo wrote to Jawaharlal Nehru, asking for a copy of the constitution on the Indian National Congress, saying that Indians in Fiji wanted to form a similar Congress and Nehru gave his blessing. On 7 October 1929, at a meeting in Lautoka organised by S. B. Patel, the two Congresses agreed to amalgamate and 7 November 1929 the amalgamation was formalised at a meeting in Suva. S. B. Patel wrote: > We have a National Congress of Fiji. The unity and solidarity among the > Indian settlers here today are as they never were before.

Brown however, called the genus Leucospermum, distinguished eighteen species and made the new combinations Leucospermum lineare and L. spathulatum. Salisbury's names were ignored by botanists in favour of those that Brown had created, and this was formalised in 1900 when Leucospermum was given priority over Leucadendrum. Johann Friedrich Klotzsch described L. pedunculatum in 1845. Carl Meissner, who contributed a section on the Proteaceae in 1856 to the series Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis by Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, recognised twenty-three species, including seven new ones: L. gueinzii, L. mundii, L. reflexum, L. oleaefolium var.

The building formerly known as Park Lane Chapel is a former Strict Baptist chapel in the ancient town of Farnham in Surrey, England. Now a house, it was in religious use for nearly 150 years and housed a congregation whose origins go back to informal meetings in the 1840s. After Nisan Samuel, a Polish Jew, arrived in England and converted to Christianity, he took charge of these ad hoc meetings and formalised them into a Strict Baptist church. After he moved on, the congregation bought land and built a chapel.

The 2005-06 season is the tenth in the history of the Glasgow Warriors as a professional side. Since the professional side began in 1996 it had used a warrior logo; with a warrior clutching a rugby ball in one hand - and in the other a Scottish targe ordained with a long steel spike originating from its central boss. The warrior is wearing a simple Spangenhelm conical peaked nasal helmet illustrating an early warrior from the Kingdom of Strathclyde. The warrior logo was formalised into Glasgow's name from this season onwards.

Spindler 1976; Burmeister 2000; Baitinger & Pinsker 2002. The structure of Celtic kin-groups can be reconstructed to some extent,Karl 2006, 77–133 but little of internal kinship relations will have been formalised in a way that could be considered law. There are, however, a number of important legal principles that can be reconstructed, which are related to kinship or external kin-group relations. There is relatively strong evidence for a customary requirement for kin members to support and help each other, in everyday life as much as in legal disputes.

When Edward, 13th Baron succeeded his father in 1685, the estates were "greatly impoverished and encumbered". He began selling land in 1688, and raised mortgages against Stourton House and manor, which was eventually sold in 1714: most of the £19,400 proceeds were used to discharge the mortgages, leaving only some £775 for Lord Stourton. The purchaser was Sir Thomas Meres, the main mortgage-holder. After his death in 1715, his son John sold the property, which was acquired in 1717 (formalised in 1720) by Henry Hoare, son of the founder of Hoare's Bank.

The 1904 Act was amended many times before being repealed by the Industrial Relations (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 with effect on 1 March 1989, and superseded by the Industrial Relations Act 1988. The Industrial Relations Act 1988 was amended by the Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993, which adopted a decentralised labour law model with support for collective bargaining, rather than the centralised wage-fixing model adopted since the 1970s and formalised under the Prices and Incomes Accord between the Hawke Labor government and the Australian Council of Trade Unions.

In 1988, when she and Roshini Kempadoo co-edited the Spectrum Women's Photography Festival exhibition catalogue, it was published as a special supplement to issue 30. Editor Derek Bishton established "Ten.8 Touring", an exhibition touring project in 1987 and when in 1989, Ten.8's loose co-operative was formalised as a limited company, Wilson became one of the magazine's directors and took up responsibility for the touring program, benefitting from her visit during the period to Houston FotoFest in the US by emulating their the portfolio reviews.

Indeed, this is formalised in the government's measure of poverty. A number of studies have shown that though prosperity in the UK has greatly increased, the level of happiness people report has remained the same or even decreased since the 1950s. However, measures of national wellbeing as used by the Office for National Statistics, in more recent times have shown both a decline in the share of people saying they find it difficult to manage financially, rising levels of household income and income satisfaction, as well as rising levels of happiness.

The following day Air France was instructed to share African routes with Air Afrique and UAT. The airline started uninterrupted jet operations in 1960 with the Sud Aviation Caravelle and the Boeing 707; jet airliners cut travel times in half and improved comfort. Air France later became an early Boeing 747 operator and eventually had one of the world's largest 747 fleets. One of Air France's Caravelle jetliners in 1977 On 1 February 1963 the government formalised division of routes between Air France and its private sector rivals.

In 1967, Tame founded the Libertarian Alliance as an informal discussion group, drawing ideas from Ayn Rand, among others. The organisation was formalised in 1979, with a structure of Tame as its President, and the Alliance was based in the Alternative Bookshop which Tame had opened in Covent Garden in London a year earlier. The Bookshop was advertised in National Association for Freedom's journal, 'The Free Nation.' After university, Tame settled in London, where he worked mainly for the Institute of Economic Affairs and the National Association for Freedom.

A Stock exchange is a corporation or mutual organization which provides facilities for stockbrokers and traders to trade stocks and other securities. It may be a physical trading room where the traders gather, or a formalised communications network. Creation of a stock exchange is a strategy of economic development: it provides a means of raising capital for investment. Stock markets may enhance economic activity through the creation of liquidity: a liquid equity market makes investment more attractive because it allows individuals to acquire equity and when required to sell it quickly and cheaply.

Forced in early 1814 to sign the Treaty of Kiel as an ally of France in the later phase of the Napoleonic Wars, the King of Denmark-Norway had to cede Norway to the King of Sweden. The people of Norway, never consulted, objected to the royal sell-out. The vice- roy and heir presumptive of Denmark-Norway, Christian Frederik, took the lead in an insurrection and called a Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll. The Norwegian Constitution of 17 May formalised Norway’s independence after more than 400 years of union with Denmark.

There was ongoing dispute between the surgeons and barber surgeons until an agreement was signed between them in 1493, giving the fellowship of surgeons the power of incorporation., page 118 This union was formalised further in 1540 by Henry VIII between the Worshipful Company of Barbers (incorporated 1462) and the Guild of Surgeons to form the Company of Barber- Surgeons. In 1745 the surgeons broke away from the barbers to form the Company of Surgeons. In 1800 the company was granted a Royal Charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London.

This is a list of places in Ireland having standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links. Sign posted at the entrance of Greystones, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, stating that the city is twinned with Holyhead, in Wales.

The school was also famous for its athletic attainments and for the zeal with which all games, especially cricket and football, were pursued. It contributed more than one captain to the Cambridge and Oxford University elevens, and was the first school in England to institute a public "sports" day. The sports were known to fashionable London as the "Kensington Races." At the time of the school's inception in 1830, football had yet to find a uniform code of play, and neither Association or Rugby football had yet been formalised.

The government town of Wangary was surveyed in 1871 though never formally proclaimed. It was incorporated into the modern broader locality of Wangary when the boundaries of the latter were formalised in October 2003. The Old Lake Wangary Hotel was built in 1871, and is one of the main surviving structures in town; it has not had a liquor license since 1933, but remains open as a general store. The sports oval and ruins of the former post office (established 1862, closed 1976), coach house and bakery are located nearby.

Singapore has also provided support to Australian Defence Force operations in Afghanistan. In June 2015 the two nations entered into a comprehensive strategic partnership that increased defence and economic co-operation between countries. Prime Ministers Tony Abbott and Lee Hsien Loong announced the increase in co- operation during the Australian Prime Minister's visit to Singapore at a news conference, Prime Minister Lee stating that the partnership was a "road map for closer relations in trade, investment, foreign policy, defence and security." Prime Minister Abbott said he was pleased that the agreement has been formalised.

In politics, the Leuven affair revealed a split between French and Dutch speaking factions within the Christian Social Party, especially in the 1968 elections where both factions had campaigned on different manifestos. The split was formalised in 1972 when the old party split along linguistic lines into the Parti social chrétien and Christelijke Volkspartij. Similar trends were reflected in other major parties, including the Liberal Party which had divided in 1961 and formally split in 1972. The Belgian Socialist Party survived intact until 1978 when it also split.

Lü or brigade was also a common combat unit, and so did hang or line. Battlefield armies were organised into left, right and center. Specialisation of military appointments was already evident under the Shang dynasty. Shi zhang or leader of the armies, may have been a functional title in the later period, where military organisation had become very formalised. There were clearly defined posts such as the ma (horse), ya (commander), fu (“quiver”), she (archer), wei (protector), ch’üan (dog), and shu (border protection), prefixed with tuo (many), indicating higher status and mou for “planning”.

The utility's board includes representatives of NGOs, women's organisations, the chamber of commerce and industry and the Kenya Consumer Organization. The commercialisation of the utility in Eldoret as well as in Nyeri and Kericho was supported by the German development co-operation.Wambua Sammy:Water Privatisation in Kenya, Global Issue Paper No. 8, Heinrich Böll Foundation, 2004, p. 12-15. The approach was formalised by the Ministry of Local Government, through the Companies Act Cap. 486 of 1996 which allowed the establishment of publicly owned, commercially run water and sanitation companies.

As formalised by the Treaty of Troyes, Henry V and his heirs would inherit the Kingdom of France after Charles VI's death. However Henry V died four weeks before the death of Charles VI, and so never inherited the French throne. Henry V's son, though still an infant, became Henry VI, King of England, on his father's death, and shortly thereafter became King of France as well. The accession of an infant king made it easier for the French nobility to refuse him and support the Valois heir, Charles.

In 1795 the Board of the Admiralty notified the Navy Board that Bentham would shortly be visiting each Dockyard with a view to introducing improvements. The following year his appointment was formalised as Inspector General for Naval Works and the Naval Works Department was established to support him. In 1807, Bentham's department was renamed the Department of the Civil Architect and Engineer, and oversight was transferred from the Admiralty to the Navy Board. In 1813 the department was abolished and replaced by the Department of the Surveyor of Buildings.

The Regions and Chartered Cities of Ethiopia, their respective flags, their capitals, and their largest cities. Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into ethno-linguistically based Regional States (plural: ክልሎች kililoch; singular: ክልል kilil) and chartered cities (plural: astedader akababiwach; singular: astedader akabibi). This system of administrative regions replaced the provinces of Ethiopia in 1992 under the Transitional Government of Ethiopia and was formalised in 1995 when the current Constitution of Ethiopia came into force. The regions are each governed by a regional council whose members are directly elected to represent districts (woreda).

This bill was rejected. One of Dixon's experiments was the creation in 1884 of Bridge Street Technical School in the old Cadbury's premises, bought by him, converted to a school at his own expense, and leased to the board at a nominal rent. It taught science and mechanics to 400 of the brighter boys for two years beyond normal school leaving age. This was a great success and was repeated in large towns across the country, and led to the Technical Instruction Act, which formalised the finance of this type of school.

Although the EPC was mainly intergovernmental, the European Commission would be able to express its opinion if matters within its competencies were concerned. The EPC was amended and strengthened in the so-called Copenhagen and London reports in 1973 and 1981, respectively, and codified (formalised) in 1986 with the Single European Act. Although the EPC enhanced the European Communities' role on the international scene during the 1970s, notably in the Middle East conflict and in the creation of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, it was considered a mixed success.

Wells is part of the UK Parliament constituency of Wells. Since 2015 the Member of Parliament for Wells is James Heappey of the Conservatives. The Wells city arms show an ash tree surrounded by three water wells, crested with a gold mural crown, with the Latin motto Hoc fonte derivata copia (translated: "the fullness that springs from this well"). The council formalised twinning links with Paray-le-Monial, France, and Bad Dürkheim, Germany in 1979, then added Fontanellato, Italy in 1983; the Wells Twinning Association and the Mayor of Wells organise the twinning activities.

Certain branches of industry used Whitworth fasteners with a smaller hexagon (identical to BSF of the same bolt diameter) under the designation "AutoWhit" or Auto-Whit Machinery's Screw Thread Book. 11th Edition 1941 and this series was formalised by the British Engineering Standards Association in 1929 as standard No. 193, with the 'original' series being No. 190 and the BSF series No. 191.Commercial Motor Magazine, 2 April 1929 During World War II the smaller size hexagon was adopted more widely to save metalWAR EMERGENCY STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BLACK BOLTS AND NUTS. B.S. 916–1940.

The Water Wag is the oldest one-design dinghy in existence, having been devised in 1886 and formalised as a one-design class in Ireland in 1887. It was last modified in 1900. The class is still sailed to this day, notably with large Water Wag fleets racing during summer evenings from Dún Laoghaire harbour on Dublin Bay.. The Water Wag class is administered by the Water Wags club, based in Dún Laoghaire. The Water Wag inspired similar one-design fleets around Ireland and subsequently around the world.

The missionary began the evangelism and recorded the first Odia conversion in 1828. By 1841, Sutton had trained three Odia evangelists at Cuttack. By 1846, when the students increased to eight, he formalised the class as the Cuttack Mission Academy. By 1805, the Baptist missionary society and later Amos Sutton under the auspices of Serampore Trio — William Carey, Joshua Marshman, and William Ward—attempted to preach to Telugu-speaking people in the northernmost parts of present Andhra Pradesh — adjoining areas of Odisha such as Chicacole (present Srikakulam) and Vizagapatnam (present Vizag or Visakhapatnam).

In the early twentieth century the Catholic Church in Scotland formalised the use of hymns, with the publication of The Book of Tunes and Hymns (1913), the Scottish equivalent of the Westminster Hymnal.T. E. Muir, Roman Catholic Church Music in England, 1791–1914: A Handmaid of the Liturgy? (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2013), . The foundation of the ecumenical Iona Community in 1938, on the island of Iona off the coast of Scotland, led to a highly influential form of music, which was used across Britain and the US. Leading musical figure John Bell (b.

3801 under restoration at the State Dockyard The setting up of an organisation to manage and operate locomotive 3801 was first formalised in March 1984 when Professor John Glastonbury, representing the interested enthusiast societies, and the State Rail Authority exchanged correspondence. At first, four parties were involved. The State Rail Authority had two roles, the first as donor of the locomotive and other equipment and the second as a trustee. In effect, 3801 would continue to be the property of the State Rail Authority and it would be leased to the trust.

The party was established in 1939, but was only formalised as an organisation on 19 September 1944.Vincent E McHale (1983) Political parties of Europe, Greenwood Press, p507 It won 42 seats in the National Interim Assembly elections in 1944. By the following year it had 170,000 members,Mária Palasik (2011) Chess Game for Democracy: Hungary Between East and West, 1944-1947, McGill-Queen's Press, p37 although it was reduced to 23 seats in the parliamentary elections that year. However, the following year the party won 36 of the 411 seats in the parliamentary elections.

The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body that defines the overall political directions and priorities of the European Union. It comprises the heads of state or government of the EU member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings. Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon.

This was amended under the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), which restored the straits to Turkish territory—but allowed all foreign warships and commercial shipping to traverse the straits freely. Turkey eventually rejected the terms of that treaty, and subsequently Turkey remilitarised the straits area. The reversion was formalised under the Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits of 20 July 1936. That convention, which is still in force, treats the straits as an international shipping lane save that Turkey retains the right to restrict the naval traffic of non–Black Sea states.

American diplomats offered to mediate peace talks accordingly, and on 13 February South African and Angolan officials met for the first time in Lusaka. Three days later, South Africa announced that it would withdraw its expeditionary forces from Cunene Province by the end of March, provided the Angolans agreed to prevent PLAN from taking advantage of the situation to infiltrate South West Africa. The Angolan government pledged to restrain PLAN and MK, and to prohibit any movement of Cuban troops southward towards the border. These respective commitments were formalised as the Lusaka Accords.

Under the 1975 Constitution, the office of the President (officially translated as "Chairman" during this period) was abolished, leaving Mao, as the Chairman of the Communist Party, as the sole power centre. Formal duties of the President as Head of State were to be performed by the Chairman of the National People's Congress (who was, at the time, Zhu De). The replacement of local government by Revolutionary Committees was also formalised. The Constitution was shorted to 30 articles, and the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens was greatly shortened.

A legatus (anglicised as legate) was a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman Army, equivalent to a modern high-ranking general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer in command of a legion. From the times of the Roman Republic, legates received large shares of the military's rewards at the end of a successful campaign. This made the position a lucrative one, so it could often attract even distinguished consuls or other high-ranking political figures within Roman politics (e.g.

It introduced general equilibrium theory to an English-speaking audience, refined the theory for dynamic analysis, and for the first time attempted a rigorous statement of stability conditions for general equilibrium. In the course of analysis Hicks formalised comparative statics. In the same year, he also developed the famous "compensation" criterion called Kaldor–Hicks efficiency for welfare comparisons of alternative public policies or economic states. Hicks's most familiar contribution in macroeconomics was the Hicks–Hansen IS–LM model, published in his paper “Mr. Keynes and the "Classics"; a suggested interpretation”.

John Buckeridge came to Queensland upon the request of Bishop William Webber and at the recommendation of J.L Pearson, eminent English architect and designer of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane. Webber was Bishop of Queensland from 1885 and undertook an ambitious church building program throughout the state. He was not content with merely building churches but was intent upon them being well designed works of ecclesiastical architecture and it was for that reason he invited Buckeridge to come to Queensland in 1887 and formalised the position of Diocesan architect.

In 1918, towards the end of the First World War, a new Chamber of Deputies was elected with the explicit ambition of reviewing the constitution. To this end, formalised parties were formed by the main political blocs, so as to increase their bargaining power in the negotiations. The revisions to the constitution introduced universal suffrage and compulsory voting, adopted proportional representation, and limited the sovereignty of the monarch. Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party.

The settlement was also surveyed at this time, but by then the goldfield itself, and the buildings and streets already established had shaped the town and the survey merely formalised what was already in place. This can still be seen clearly in the irregularity of the major streets. Ravenswood was gazetted as a town in 1871, but problems were soon encountered as the gold at deeper levels proved to be finely distributed in ore containing other minerals and was difficult to separate either by mechanical or chemical means.

Gold was discovered at Ravenswood in 1868, a few years after pastoral settlement of the area had begun. Ravenswood gold was in reefs and a small battery was first set up in 1869, followed by the Lady Marian Mill in 1870. The settlement was also surveyed at this time, but by then the goldfield itself, and the buildings and streets already established had shaped the town and the survey merely formalised what was already in place. This can still be seen clearly in the irregularity of the major streets.

The hundred had its own local government, the District Council of Apoinga, from 1873 to 1932; however, the council seat was at Logan Gap. The Apoinga Lutheran Church opened on 10 July 1936 in the former Apoinga School, but the congregation relocated to the Black Springs Church (a former Anglican church) in 1963. The modern locality was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name". A portion of Apoinga was severed and added to Emu Downs on 20 August 2015 to resolve an access problem.

It is assumed that Salisbury had based his review on a draft he had been studying of a paper called On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae that Robert Brown was to publish in 1810. Brown however, called the genus Leucospermum and made the new combination Leucospermum puberum. Salisbury's names were ignored by botanists in favour of those that Brown had created, and this was formalised in 1900 when Leucospermum was given priority over Leucadendrum. Otto Kuntze assigned puberum in 1891 to Leucodendron (making a spelling error).

Wonna is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. The modern locality was established in August 2000 when boundaries were formalised for the long established local name. The cadastral Hundred of Wonna was proclaimed by Governor William Jervois on 31 October 1878. The modern locality covers a little over half of the hundred at the southern end, while also including a significant rural portion of the adjacent Hundred of Terowie; the remainder of the Hundred of Wonna is now in Franklyn.

This arrangement was formalised by the legal adoption by the nobleman of Chagatai, whose daughter Qarachar also married, so as to establish a "bond of fatherhood and sonship". It was from this marriage that Timur claimed descent. Yazdi records that Qarachar subsequently occupied a prominent position in the Chagatai court, performing the actual duties of ruling while the Khan revelled and hunted. This arrangement is mentioned by other Timurid historians such as Hafiz-i Abru, who states that as generalissimo, he undertook matters of law, rule and custom.

At Kent each of the colleges was initially built with one or more "senior common room" social spaces. However, over the passage of time a number of the common rooms have been transformed into eateries and more formalised social areas. Each college has a "management committee" (formerly "junior college committee" and before that, "junior common room committee") which acts to represent the students of each college at the students' union and organise cultural events. The rooms and committees have traditionally been open to both undergraduates and postgraduates, with the senior common rooms provided for staff.

Signpost of twin towns in CelleMap of Germany __NOTOC__ This is a list of municipalities in Germany which have standing links to local communities in other countries, or in other parts of Germany (mostly across the former inner German border). In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links.

In 1981, Alex George published a thorough revision of Banksia in his classic monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). George reinstated Meissner's Eubanksia and Isostylis, giving them subgeneric rank. By this time, however, the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Eubanksia was required to take the autonym B. subg. Banksia. George's arrangement was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges, but in 1999 George published a slightly modified version in his treatment of Banksia for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.

On 23 February 2007, the Appeals Court in Białystok recognized a same-sex cohabitation. On 6 December 2007, this ruling was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Warsaw. While Poland possesses no specific law on cohabitation, it does have a few provisions in different legal acts or Supreme Court rulings that recognise relations between unmarried partners and provides said partners specific rights and obligations. For example, Article 115(11) of the Penal Code () uses the term "the closest person", which covers romantic relations that are not legally formalised.

The new legislation formalised and enforced what had been considered a traditional, moral duty to family and the State; all men between 25 and 60 years of age, and all women between 20 and 50 were to marry and have children, or pay extra tax in proportion to their wealth. Members of the upper classes thus had most to lose. Citizens who had already produced three children, and freed persons who had produced four, were exempt. Marriages between senators and freed women, and slaves and citizens, were declared legally void.

Britain pressed other nations into treaties to give the Royal Navy the right to search their ships for slaves. As the 19th century wore on, the Royal Navy also began interdicting slave trading in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian Ocean. The United States Navy assisted the West Africa Squadron, starting in 1820 with , which the US had captured from the Royal Navy in 1815. Initially the US contribution consisted of a few ships, but eventually the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 formalised the US contribution into the Africa Squadron.

The Earl of Caithness inspecting a guard unit At the end of World War II, the Ceylon Defence Force, the predecessor to the Ceylon Army, began demobilisation. After Independence, Ceylon entered the bi-lateral Anglo-Ceylonese Defence Agreement of 1947. This was followed by Army Act No. 17 of which was passed by Parliament on 11 April 1949, and formalised in Gazette Extraordinary No. 10028 of 10 October 1949. It marked the creation of the Ceylon Army, consisting of a regular and volunteer force, the latter being the successor of the disbanded Ceylon Defence Force.

In 1355 Peter IV called a parliament of the Sardinian nobility in order to address the resistance to his rule of Judge Marianus IV of Arborea, but the greater nobles refused to attend.Hillgarth, 368. This was nevertheless the first Sardinian parliament. One of its acts was to exclude all those of non-noble birth from entering the nobility (heretats). Its role was formalised in the constitution promulgated by Alfonso V in 1421, after which it was convened (semi-)regularly every ten years."Stamento", Enciclopedie on line (retrieved 30 May 2011).

These oracles are typically associated with formalised approaches to software modelling and software code construction. They are connected to formal specification, model- based design which may be used to generate test oracles, state transition specification for which oracles can be derived to aid model-based testing and protocol conformance testing, and design by contract for which the equivalent test oracle is an assertion. Specified Test Oracles have a number of challenges. Formal specification relies on abstraction, which in turn may naturally have an element of imprecision as all models cannot capture all behaviour.

In 1993, the country's first constitution formalised this parliamentary democracy with executive, legislative, and judicial branches located in Andorra la Vella. During this period, Andorra also developed as a tax haven, resulting in the construction of modern banking offices in Andorra La Vella. The city also developed its skiing facilities, to the extent that Andorra la Vella was Andorra's applicant city for the XXI Olympic Winter Games, the 2010 Winter Olympics. However, Andorra la Vella was not selected by the IOC as a candidate city, following the evaluation report of an IOC commission.

In 1943 Morgan and Keenan formalised the definition of spectral luminosity classes, with class I referring to supergiant stars. The same system of MK luminosity classes is still used today, with refinements based on the increased resolution of modern spectra. Supergiants occur in every spectral class from young blue class O supergiants to highly evolved red class M supergiants. Because they are enlarged compared to main-sequence and giant stars of the same spectral type, they have lower surface gravities, and changes can be observed in their line profiles.

The first principal conductor of the Tonhalle-Orchester was Friedrich Hegar, who served from its founding in 1868 through 1906. His successor, Volkmar Andreae, served an even longer tenure as chief conductor, from 1906 to 1949, the longest in the orchestra's history, directing around 1,300 concerts with the orchestra. Andreae's tenure featured the first family concerts by the orchestra, beginning in 1928. In 1947, the city of Zürich formalised performances of concerts for young people by the orchestra, as part of the agreements for city funding and subsidy of the orchestra.

In 1910 he was one of the representatives of the Iaşi socialists at the Congress that formalised the creation of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). After graduating in 1911, with the support of fellow party-members, Călin left for Western Europe in order to further his medical studies. Following a brief stay in Berlin, he arrived in Paris, where he joined the existing Romanian socialist group comprising, among others, Christian Rakovsky, Ioan Sion and Barbu Lăzăreanu. Călin used the occasion to forge relations with the local socialist party.

Frognerbadet, a public bath in Oslo, Norway. "Dødsing" has roots as a distinctive style of diving at Frognerbadet ("the Frogner Baths") pool complex since the 1960s, where youths from the different districts of Oslo competed in performing the toughest stunts from the 10-meter.Hadeland - To lokale dødsere gikk videre til VM i dag The sport was formalised in the summer of 1972 at by Erling Bruno Hovden, then guitar player in Raga Rockers. Since 2008, the Death Diving World Championships (Norwegian: VM i Døds) has been held annually as an informal competition at Frognerbadet.

Vehicles from the 2014 Tour de France Publicity Caravan With the switch to the use of national teams in 1930, the costs of accommodating riders fell to the organizers instead of the sponsors and Henri Desgrange raised the money by allowing advertisers to precede the race. The procession of often colourfully decorated trucks and cars became known as the publicity caravan. It formalised an existing situation, companies having started to follow the race. The first to sign to precede the Tour was the chocolate company, Menier, one of those who had followed the race.

Sidney's dual responsibility for Wales and Ireland placed an increasing onus on Corbet, formalised by his appointment as vice-president of the Council in the Marches. In 1575, when Sidney departed for the second time to take up the position of Lord Deputy of Ireland, he invested Corbet formally as vice-president of the Council in the Marches. The appointment was denounced by William Gerard, a conscientious justice in Wales and a former vice-president himself,P.W. Hasler (editor): History of Parliament Online: Members 1558–1603 – GERARD, William I (d.

On 1 February 2020, Higgins resigned as CLP leader and opposition leader, with Finocchiaro replacing him. Former Chief Minister and Territory Alliance Leader Terry Mills claimed to have replaced her as Opposition Leader on 18 March 2020, however this claim was not formalised by the Legislative Assembly. On 24 March, Finocchiaro raised a motion under standing orders which allowed the assembly to decide on the opposition party, with the CLP winning opposition status by 5 votes to 3. Finocchiaro led the CLP to a modest recovery at the 2020 Territory election.

In bagpipe music there is extensive use of grace notes. Indeed, because the chanter is not tongued but supplied by a continuous air source from the bag, grace notes are sometimes the only way to differentiate between notes. For example, inserting a grace note between two crotchets (quarter notes) played at the same pitch is the only way to indicate them as opposed to them sounding like a single minim (half note). Various multiple grace note ornaments are formalised into distinct types, such as doublings, throws, and birls.

Gradually, the corvée system was reformed, both because of international criticism and popular resistance. In French West Africa, the corvée had been formalised by the local decree of 25 November 1912. Duration and conditions varied, but as of 1926, all able-bodied men were required to work for no longer than eight days at a stint in Senegal, ten in Guinea and twelve in Soudan and Mauritania. Workers were supposed to be provided with food if working more than 5 km from home, but this was often ignored.