Yet each flower head is actually composed of many tiny flowers displayed in a flat-topped umbel (an inflorescence in which each flower stalk emanates from a single point).
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Fiskars Sewing Essentials Set, $36.54Brother Project Runway Sewing Machine, $125.99Sunbeam Compact Non-Stick Soleplate Travel Iron, $12.97SINGER 01125 Assorted Hand Needles, $2.73Rimobul Flat 1.9-inch Flower Head Pins, $7.99
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It was while playing around with some pressed forget-me-nots, and placing them onto a photograph by the late Garry Winogrand, that she struck on the formula for her enchanting "Flower Head" series.
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Sewing machine: Brother Project Runway Sewing MachineIron and ironing board (optional): Sunbeam Compact Non-Stick Soleplate Travel IronMatching thread and hand sewing needles: SINGER 01125 Assorted Hand NeedlesPins: Rimobul Flat 1.9-inch Flower Head PinsHow to measure the inseam
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It's an unexpected position, especially since the other six paintings feature the flower head-on and from a cautious distance, but I'm fond of the inclusion: it captures Amorphophallus titanum in all its essence, without any pomp — as a vast, magnificent, and quietly mighty creature, in appearance and aroma.
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Capitulum can be used as an exact synonym for pseudanthium and flower head; however its use is generally but not always restricted to the family Asteraceae. At least one source defines it as a small flower head. In addition to its botanical use as a term meaning flower head it is also used to mean the top of the sphagnum plant.
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The inflorescence is a solitary sunflower-like flower head or cyme of several heads. The flower head has several yellow ray florets measuring 6 millimeters to over a centimeter long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus.
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As summer progresses, the flower head becomes a ball of whitish chaffy seeds.
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The specific epithet refers to the shape of the receptacle, the bottom of the flower head.
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This is an equivalent term for flower head and pseudanthium when used in the botanical sense.
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The flower head contains yellow disc florets and several yellow ray florets each about a centimeter long.
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Each stem usually produces only one flower head, with rose-colored ray florets and yellow disc florets.
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Young leaves are covered in a very minute, loose pubescence, but become glabrous as they get older. The flowers are bourne on a specialised inflorescence, a flower head or pseudanthium. The flower head is sessile, in length, and around in diameter. The flower heads are dropping, opening downwards.
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A very particular character for Gorteria is that plants in their first year have an old flower head at their foot, because the cypselas do not part from the flower head when ripe, but germinate remaining in the flower head. Furthermore, the species of Gorteria share spine-like hairs on the corollas of both ray- and disc florets, the bracts of the involucre merged only at their foot, and crystals below the skin of the outer seed coat. All these characters are absent in its near relatives.
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The flower head is 3 to 4 cm long, the florets are red/purple. They flower from June to September.
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The third instar is by . The larvae pupate within a plant's capitulum (flower head), and the animals overwinter as adults.
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Atop the stem is the rounded to egg-shaped flower head, which looks superficially like that of a thistle, mainly due to its spikiness and lavender color. It is fringed with up to 17 spiny, toothed, pointed bracts, each up to about two centimeters long. Each flower head is packed full of small lavender flowers.
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Flower head Leaves This plant is a taprooted perennial herb producing rough-haired stems usually one to three meters tall. The leaves are variable in shape and size, being long and wide. They are hairy, smooth-edged or toothed, and borne on petioles or not. The back of the flower head has layers of rough, glandular phyllaries.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or a few heads clustered together atop the woolly stem. The flower head is enclosed in hairy purple phyllaries and contains 8 or 13 yellow ray florets up to a centimeter long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus half a centimeter in length. Blooming occurs in August through October.
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The wool-coated leaves appear in pairs or clusters, each leaf measuring a few millimeters to three centimeters long. In the center of the leaf array is the inflorescence, which is a single flower head or tightly packed cluster of several heads, each just a few millimeters wide. The flower head contains several tiny disc florets.
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It consists of several flower heads in the axils of pinkish orange leaves that form a hood shielding the underlying flower head. Each flower head contains eight to thirteen individual flowers, with bright red styles and grey silky perianth lobes. It is endemic to the Fynbos ecoregion of South Africa, being confined to the Kogelberg mountain range.
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Chaenactis nevadensis is a perennial herb growing several short stems just a few centimeters high surrounded by a basal rosette of small, woolly, multilobed leaves. The inflorescence arises on a short peduncle. Each flower head is lined with rigid, blunt-tipped, glandular phyllaries. The flower head contains several white or pink flowers with long, protruding anthers.
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It has large recurved antennae. The female lays about 80 eggs, depositing each at the base of a flower head. In about ten days the larva emerges and burrows into the flower head where it feeds on the developing seeds and florets. The larva is a small, plump white grub with a dark head and visible body segments.
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The female lays eggs on the flower heads at an early stage of development and stem tips. Upon emergence the larva burrows into the flower head or makes its way there by tunneling through the stem. It feeds upon the developing seeds, often consuming them entirely. If any other insects invade the flower head, the larva attacks them.
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Euphorbias are the only plants known to have this kind of flower head. Nectar glands and nectar that attract pollinators are held in the involucre, a cup-like part below and supporting the cyathium head. The "involucre" in the genus Euphorbia is not to be confused with the "involucre" in family Asteraceae members, which is a collection of bracts called phyllaries, which surround and encase the unopened flower head, then support the receptacle under it after the flower head opens. The involucre is above and supported by bract-like modified leaf structures (usually in pairs) called cyathophylls', or cyathial leaves.
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The perianth is very strongly curved toward the center of the flower head, in long. In the lower part of the perianth, the four lobes are fused into a tube which is much inflated towards its end, up to ½ cm (0.2 in) in diameter, without hairs. The middle part that consists of the claws is wide near the base, narrow near the tip and strongly coiled at anthesis. The three perianth lobes facing toward the center of the flower head and sideways are incompletely fused and about long, the free lobe facing the rim of the flower head is long.
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The height ranges from 40 to . The panicle is 7–20 cm, usually nodding and often spreading,Clapham, Page 460 but erect as first.Fitter, Page 74 The leaf-sheaths are hairy, the upper are usually hairless. B. commutatus is stouter than B. racemosus, the smooth brome, with a flower-head not drooping to one side and a broader elongated branched flower head.
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The female lays up to 240 cylindrical eggs beneath the bracts on the flower heads of yellow starthistle. The larva emerges and tunnels into the flower head, where it feeds on developing seeds. A larva might destroy up to 90% of the developing seeds inside a given flower head. It overwinters inside the head and pupates into an adult fly.
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Enceliopsis nudicaulis is a perennial herb growing up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall from a woody caudex fringed with gray-green hairy leaves. The leaves are oval and up to 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) long and wide. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head atop a tall, erect peduncle. The flower head has a base made up of three layers of densely woolly, pointed phyllaries.
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The flower head is large and covered with white or blue flowers having red stamens. It is much visited by bees and butterflies for its nectar.
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The inflorescence is a spherical flower head a few millimeters wide which resembles a tiny cotton boll since the flowers and maturing fruits are very woolly.
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The flower head is long, the plant flowering in July and August. Its awns are straight and long, projecting out of the end of the spikelets.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with yellow to reddish disc florets. The fruit is a ribbed cypsela about one millimeter long with a large pappus.
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The fleshy leaves are green, often with red edges and veining, and are up to 15 centimeters in length on large plants. The inflorescence holds one or more flower heads each up to 5 centimeters wide. The flower head is a cup of thick erect or recurved green phyllaries. Yellow disc florets fill the center of the flower head and there is a fringe of yellow ray florets around the circumference.
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The flower head contains many golden yellow ray florets, the outer ones usually darker in color. The fruit is an achene with a plumelike pappus of white bristles.
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Tetramolopium rockii. The Nature Conservancy. This plant is a small, mat-forming shrub growing no more than about 10 centimeters tall. The inflorescence contains a single flower head.
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A solitary flower-head is borne on a slender upright or ascending stem. Flowers have four white, or sometimes light-purple, petals long and six stamens with yellow anthers.
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Each flower head is in diameter, with 30–38 lanceolate phyllaries around the base. The flower head is hemispherical, and contains 10–18 yellow ray florets surrounding over 70 disc florets. Helianthus eggertii is very similar to the related species H. strumosus and H. laevigatus. It differs from those species in that its stems are distinctively blue-colored, and its leaves have only one vein, rather than three veins, as is typical for the genus.
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The inflorescence bears one to many flower heads, both at the ends of the stem branches and in the leaf axils. The flower head reaches about 3 centimeters long by 4 wide and is lined with cobwebby, bristly, spine-tipped phyllaries. The flower head is packed with white or pink flowers about 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a brown achene a few millimeters long topped with a pappus one to two centimeters in length.
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The narrow linear leaves are up to 5 centimeters long but only a few millimeters wide and may be very hairy. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head, with up to 22 heads per plant. The flower head bears many yellow, brownish, or whitish ray florets 3 to 12 millimeters long, and has a center of many five-lobed yellow to reddish disc florets. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus of bristles.
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Stenotus acaulis is a perennial herb usually forming a compact tuft or mat of hairless to hairy and sometimes glandular herbage. The linear to widely lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 or 10 centimeters long with rigid, hair-lined edges. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or small cluster of a few heads. The flower head contains yellow disc florets and several yellow ray florets each about a centimeter long.
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The female chews a hole in a closed flower head, deposits an egg inside, and seals the hole with a dark-colored mucilage. This visible hole can warp the shape of the flower head as it grows. The larva emerges from its egg in about three days and begins to feed on the flower parts and developing seeds. In just over two weeks the larva can destroy all or nearly all of the developing seeds.
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The flower head contains up to 40 yellow disc florets, and usually either 8 or 13 yellow ray florets, though these are sometimes absent. It blooms in July to August.
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The plant usually produces one yellow flower head per stem. Each head contains both ray flowers and disc flowers.Flora of North America, Helianthella castanea Greene, 1893. Greene, Edward Lee. 1893.
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Achenes arising from the ray florets are light-colored and tipped with pappi, while those from the disc florets at the center of the flower head are darker and lack pappi.
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The flower head has a center of glandular yellow disc florets and a fringe of yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with a white pappus.
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It generally has only one flower head with lemon yellow ray florets and red or maroon disc florets. It grows in dry, sandy locations.Flora of North America, Berlandiera subacaulis (Nutt.) Nutt.
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The flower head has 5 to 30 florets in shades of blue or purple, or occasionally white or yellow. The achene is ribbed and has a pappus of bristles and hairs.
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The cylindrical blazing star grows from rounded or sometimes elongated corms, which produce hairless stems tall. At the top of the stem is a single flower head or a loose to dense cluster (raceme, spike, or panicle) of 2 to 28 flower heads. Each flower head has 10–35 florets, and is stemless or has a stem long that orients the head upwards. The flowers bloom in mid to late summer, starting at the top of the cluster.
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Culms are the hollow stem of the flowering grass plant. These high culms are the main identifying feature of the Austroderia richardii as they have great arching, dense, silvery plumes at the top of the culms which makes them very elegant and stand out from other Austroderia (Kimberley, 2011). The flower head is usually one-sided and drooping. The flower head has many fine hanging branches which contain numerous small clusters of flowers encased in soft, hairy scales.
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The female lays over 100 eggs on or near the bracts of the thistle flower head. She covers the eggs with masticated plant tissue to protect them from predators. When the white larva emerges from its egg it burrows into the flower head and feeds on the flower parts and developing seeds. As it grows it deposits frass and chewed plant tissue on the walls of its chamber, producing a rigid protective shell in which it will pupate.
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It offers a reddish-pink flower head. It requires full sun to partial shade, and prefers a dry mesic climate. It performs best in moderately (5.6-6.0) or slightly acidic (6.1-6.5) soil.
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The species name harpagonatum is compounded from Latin the word harpago ("grappling hook") and the suffix -atum indicating the likeness of something, for the likeness of the flower head with a grappling hook.
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One stalk will usually produce only one flower head, though occasionally 2 or 3. Each head has 80-120 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.Flora of North America, Hieracium alpinum Linnaeus, 1753.
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They vary in shape. They are glandular in most species. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head. The head can have 15 or more ray florets, while some taxa lack any ray florets.
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The common base of the floret is flat or somewhat convex, and is without bracts subtending individual florets. Each flower head contains a hundred to two hundred very slender disk florets. There are usually, twenty to thirty male florets at the centre of a flower head, which are tube- to bell-shaped, with five lobes, the tube being about mm long, and the free part of the lobes about 4 mm long. In the male florets, the stigma does not split into lobes.
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It is a small annual, typically not exceeding 30 centimeters in height. It grows from a small patch of somewhat fleshy leaves at the ground and erects several very tall, very thin gangly stems, each of which is topped with a flower head. The flower head is made up of five to 13 lemon yellow ray florets, each up to a centimeter long. The center of the head is filled with tiny disc florets, in a similar shade of bright yellow.
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The flower heads are grouped in cylindric aggregations in the axils of the higher leaves of the stems. The bracts that subtend each flower head are either small and woody, or enlarged, bright in colour, papery or fleshy. The individual flower heads contain three to thirty-five flowers, relatively few compared to many other Proteaceae genera. This, and the sometimes bright coloration of the leaves and bracts in the inflorescence, result in the flower head functioning more or less as a single flower.
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The flower stalk may also be cobwebby at the base, and bears two or three alternate pinnatifid leaves with irregular lobes. It is topped by a flat-headed panicle, each individual flower-head being up to in diameter. The flower-head has a single row of linear-lanceolate green bracts, eight to sixteen yellow ray-florets and a central mound of orange-yellow disk florets. Both ray and disk florets are followed by brown achenes set in tufts of white hair.
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Pupation takes up to two weeks and when the weevil emerges as an adult it remains inside the chamber for a few more weeks before tunneling out of the plant. Damage to the plant occurs mainly from larval destruction of the flower head, which prevents seed production. Some larvae tunnel through the upper stem instead of chambering in a flower head; this can also be destructive to the plant. Adults do some damage as well when they feed on the foliage.
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When flowering, the perianth is yellow, orange, crimson, pink or white in color, straight or often curved towards the center of the flower head. The perianth consists of four tepals that are fused into a tube of either of uniform width or expanding towards the tip, but there are also a few species where it is inflated nearer the tip, such as in L. utriculosum, L. hamatum and L. harpagonatum. Above the tube, three of the lobes may become a fused in a sheath, open towards the outside of the flower head, while the lobe facing the rim of the flower head is free. In the upper part of the perianth (or limbs) all four lobes may remain fused or only the three that remained already fused in the middle part.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with a small, hard, cuplike involucre of about 8 fused phyllaries. From the involucre bloom about 8 golden ray florets around a center of hairless disc florets.
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Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long. Each head has 7-10 yellow ray flowers surrounding 60-100 yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Gaillardia spathulata A. Gray, 1876.
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Baileya multiradiata is a short-lived perennial to annual that forms a clumping patch of silvery-green foliage which bears many tall, naked stems, each topped with a bright yellow daisy-like flower head.
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Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long. Each head has 8 red ray flowers surrounding 80-100 disc flowers, yellow with purple tips.Flora of North America, Gaillardia multiceps Greene, 1897.
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It is a branching perennial herb up to tall. The plant usually produces one flower head one per flower stalk. Each head has 15-20 ray flowers, surrounding a large number of tiny disc flowers.
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Subgeneras Artemisia and Absinthium, are sometimes, but not always, considered the same subgenera. Subgenus Artemisia (originally Abrotanum Besser) is characterized by a heterogamous flower head with female outer florets and hermaphrodite central florets, and a fertile, glabrous receptacle. Absinthium DC, though sometimes merged with subgenus Artemisia is characterized by heterogamous flower head with female outer florets and hermaphrodite central florets, and a fertile, hairy receptacle. Generally, previously proposed monotypic and non-monophyletic subgenera have been merged with the subgenus Artemesia due to molecular evidence.
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Coreopsis stillmanii is an annual herb producing one or more erect stems with inflorescences growing to 30 centimeters (12 inches) in maximum height. The lobed, somewhat fleshy leaves are mostly located about the base of the plant and on the lower stem. The inflorescence includes a solitary flower head with a rounded involucre of green to reddish, rough-textured phyllaries. The flower head has a center of many yellow disc florets and a fringe of 5 to 8 yellow ray florets about a centimeter long on average.
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Mimetes cucullatus and Mimetes fimbriifolius differ from all other pagoda species by the gullet- type flower head. It functions in the same way as Acanthus and many Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae flowers. The bracts at the side of the stem are smaller, those in sight from the side are enlarged, while the leaf that is subtending the flower head above forms a brightly coloured hood. When the flowers open, the styles grow longer, break free from the perianth, and are pressed in the overhead leaf.
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The small flowers (called florets) are clustered together in a special structure containing a few hundred blooms. Unlike most rodent-pollinated proteas, in P. recondita this inflorescence, or more specifically a pseudanthia (also called a 'flower head'), is apical, budding from the tops of the stems as opposed to from their sides. The flower head is furthermore sessile, which means it has no stalk (a 'peduncle'), but arises directly from the leafy branch. The head is globose in shape, in length, and about in diameter.
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Mimetes fimbriifolius and Mimetes cucullatus differ from all other pagoda species by the gullet-type flower head. It functions in the same way as Acanthus and many Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae flowers. The bracts at the side of the stem are smaller, those in sight from the side are enlarged, while the leaf that is subtending the flower head aboved forms a brightly coloured hood. When the flowers open, the styles grow longer, break free from the perianth, and are pressed in the overhead leaf.
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The growing point can be completely killed and secondary bacterial infections can occur. If the infection occurs in the flowering stage of cauliflower, it causes a stunted, multi-branched, tuft-like appearance of the flower-head.
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Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long. Each head has 10-16 yellow or orange ray flowers surrounding 40-100 yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Gaillardia arizonica A. Gray., 1884.
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Liatris bracteata might be a variety of Liatris punctata, with the morphological differences primarily in the number of florets per flower head. It is genetically a hexaploid, while populations of L. punctata are diploid and tetraploid.
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They are arranged in clusters of 3 to 10, surrounded by long leaves. The flower head bracts are wooly, and pale below, with dark chaffy hairless tips. The florets are brownish yellow. The stigmas are pale.
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Leaves are long and narrow, up to long, covered with woolly hairs. Each flower head is about wide. Each head has 8 salmon-colored ray flowers surrounding 60-80 reddish or brownish disc flowers.Turner, Billie Lee. 1976.
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The inflorescence generally contains only 1 flower head per stem. Each head contains 15–32 blue, or white ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron salishii G. W. Douglas & Packer, Can. J. Bot.
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The inflorescence is an open array of flower heads amidst leaflike bracts. The flower head contains many pale violet to nearly white ray florets and a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene.
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The name broccoflower also refers to Romanesco broccoli The second form is Romanesco broccoli, which is characterised by the striking and unusual fractal patterns of its flower head. It has a yellow or vibrant green curd color.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flat-topped woolly flower head containing many yellow disc florets. There occasionally appears a yellow ray floret, but they are usually absent. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of bristles.
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The underside of the flower has two layers of leaf-like phyllaries. The inner layer is longer and pointed, and often curls back away from the rest of the flower head. The outer layer is substantially shorter.
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In the tube-type flower heads, that only occurs in M. pauciflora, the number of flowers per head is reduced down to three (rarely four), and the involucral bracts are short. The bright yellow bracteoles of the three flowers together form a long, straight an narrow tube, from which only the perianth limbs and pollen presenters extend. The tube-type flower head functions comparable to tube-shaped corollas, such as in the large-flowered Erica species. The gullet-type flower head uniquely occurs in M. cucullatus and M. fimbriifolius.
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Baileya pleniradiata is an annual herb producing a light gray-green to nearly white woolly branching stem up to half a meter in height. The leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and may split into a few lobes. Each inflorescence is composed of a single flower head which is borne on a peduncle up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long. The flower head has a center of yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of ray florets, sometimes in two or more layers, each bright yellow and up to a centimeter in length.
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The perianth is 2½–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) long, curved towards the center of the flower head in bud. It is initially yellow, but later changes to orange, although the colour differs across the range. Its base is fused into a tube of long, a bit laterally compressed, smooth near the base and with a minutely powdery covering near the top. Three of the perianth lobes coil back towards the center of the flower head, with many fine and short crinkly hairs and some long straight silky hairs.
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The female lays up to 470 eggs near the flower heads of yellow starthistle and glues them with a dark-colored mucilage. When the larva emerges from its egg, it tunnels up into the flower head, where it consumes the flower parts and developing seeds. It then constructs a sort of cocoon from the remnants of the flower and seed parts and pupates there. Most of the damage to the plant is done by the larva, which destroys 50-60% of the seeds in a given flower head.
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This plant performs well in the shade, and needs slightly moist soil. Baby Blue Eyes do well sown from seed, with about 12 inches of spacing. Seeds can be collected by tying a bag to the flower head.
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Leaves, stems, and the sides of the flower head bear long, sharp spines, hence the name of the plant. Flower heads contain numerous disc florets but no ray florets, the florets off-white sometimes with a purple tinge.
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The centre of the head is filled with yellow disc florets and there are usually many yellow ray florets around the circumference. The flower head fills with a copious white exudate, especially during the early stages of blooming.
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L. tottum has narrowly lance-shape to line-shaped oblong leaves, mostly with an entire margin, hairless, loosely overlapping bracts subtending the flower head, egg-shaped pollen presenters and nearly straight styles that become spreading when fully mature.
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The inflorescence bears a single flower head lined with green or purplish phyllaries. The head contains many purple ray florets between 1 and 2 centimeters long around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene.
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Each flower-head consists of a female flower surrounded by up to five sets of tiny male flowers. The fruiting capsule is smooth and about 2 mm long. It flowers in spring/summer and fruits in autumn/winter.
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The flower head is cone- shaped, composed of densely packed yellowish-green corollas, and lacking ray- florets. The leaves are pinnately dissected and sweet-scented when crushed. The plant grows high. Flowerheads are produced from March to September.
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Beechey Voy. 354. 1839. The inflorescence produces one or more flower heads, each up to about long. The flower head is lined with flat, glandular, blunt-pointed phyllaries and contains several white or pinkish tubular flowers with protruding anthers.
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Lasthenia gracilis is a generally hairy herb, up to tall, branched or unbranched. The leaf is , linear to oblanceolate, without teeth and more or less hairy. The involucre is . The flower head has 6 to 13 ray flowers long.
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It is an perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. One plant usually produces only one flower head, containing 0-8 yellow ray florets surrounding sometimes as many as 150 or more yellow or brown disc florets.
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The plant generally produces one flower head per stem. Each head 20-40 yellow disc flowers but no ray flowers.Flora of North America, Tetraneuris verdiensis R. A. Denham & B. L. Turner, 1996. Denham, Robert A. & Turner, Billie Lee. 1996.
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Flower head. Blooming in grassland habitat. The plant bears showy red-purple flowers. The large globose flower heads, containing hundreds of tiny individual flowers, are 3–5 cm (rarely to 7 cm) diameter and occur at the tips of stems.
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The vast majority of Asteraceae have pentamerous florets, and several to many florets per flower head. Other asterids that have flower heads with only one floret are Corymbium, Hecastocleis shockleyi, Stifftia uniflora and Fulcaldea laurifolia, but these are pentamerous and hermaphrodite.
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The serrated leaves are up to 16 centimeters (6.4 inches) long and are borne on winged petioles. The inflorescence contains many bell-shaped flower heads. Each flower head contains 7-12 yellow ray florets surrounding 14-27 yellow disc florets.Solidago verna.
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Erigeron parryi is a small perennial herb rarely more than 15 centimeters (6 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The leaves are covered with wool. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem, though occasionally 2 or 3.
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The inflorescence generally contains only one flower head. Each head contains 10–20 ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron scopulinus G. L. Nesom & V. D. Roth, 1981. Rock fleabane Nesom, Guy L. & Vincent D.Roth. 1981.
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Agoseris is native to North America, South America and the Falkland Islands.Flora of North America Mountain- or false dandelion Agoseris Rafinesque, Fl. Ludov. 58. 1817. In general appearance, Agoseris is reminiscent of dandelions and are sometimes called mountain dandelion or false dandelion. Like dandelions the plants are (mostly) stemless, the leaves forming a basal rosette, contain milky sap, produce several unbranched, stem-like flower stalks (peduncles), each flower stalk bearing a single, erect, liguliferous flower head that contains several florets, and the flower head maturing into a ball-like seed head of beaked achenes, each achene with a pappus of numerous, white bristles.
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The bright yellow perianth is long, tube-shaped, in the bud slightly bent towards the center of the flower head. The fused tube at the base is about long with very fine soft hair but hairless facing the center of the flower head. The three perianth lobes facing the center of the head together form a hairless sheath while the lobe facing the rim of the head is free, the sheath and free lobe strongly rolled when the flower has opened. The yellow style is slim, straight or a little bit bent towards the center of the head and long.
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This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (90 cm) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5 inches (12 centimeters) long and taper with teeth towards the base. Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.
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The flower heads are squat and compressed in shape, with a convex, hemispherical receptacle (the bottom of the structure). It is monoecious, both sexes occur in each flower. The seeds are stored in capsules, themselves stored in the dried old flower head.
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In his initial diagnosis, Phillips found it to be most similar to Protea acaulos, or at least what he called P. acaulis var. obovata, differing in the shape of the receptacle. It also has larger, glaucous leaves and a larger flower head.
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The flower head is a few centimeters wide and contains several flowers with five-lobed corollas. The fruit is a long, flattened legume pod up to 36 centimeters long which contains up to 21 hard, black seeds each around 2 centimeters long.Parkia timoriana.
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Cirsium acaule is a perennial herb. The leaves are a spreading rosette, spiny, 10 to 15 cm long. There is usually only one flower head, although there can sometimes be 2 or 3. Usually it is not stalked from the leaf rosette.
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The perianth is hairless. L. harpagonatum has entire (narrowly) linear leaves, a well-developed involucre consisting of 25–35 bracts (subtending the flower head as a whole), eight to rarely twelve flowers per head, the perianth tubes densely wooly in the upper part.
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4: 424. 1897. Each flower head has a center of six yellowish disc florets with black stamens surrounded by five yellow ray florets. The ray florets generally have three teeth, the central tooth being the smallest. Plants flower in May through October.
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Streptomyces sp. myrophorea isolate McG1 was discovered in an alkaline, species rich environment. Briza flower head, Boho, Co. Fermanagh This bacteria grows at a maximum pH of 10.5, and is therefore alkaliphilic. The bacteria tolerate higher levels of alkalinity but do not thrive.
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The plant generally is a multitrunked shrub in height. They can be single trunked and tree-like to tall. The bladed leaves range from in length. The flowers, ivory to creamy white and bell shaped, are on a flower head up to long.
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The leaves are elongated lanceolate or linear-lanceolate with three veins. Flower head rays are narrow, linear, elongated, and drooping, ranging from long. The flower heads are from wide with pale rose-purple or nearly white ray florets. The flowers have white pollen.
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Flower head ovoid to cylindrical, 15 mm (0.6 inches) long and 6 mm (0.24 inches) in diameter. Flowers yellow- green.Dusén, Per Karl Hjalmar, & Wolff, Karl Friedrich August Hermann. 1911. Arkiv för Botanik utgivet av K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien 10(5): 2, pl. 1.
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Outer bracts end in hooks that are like Velcro. After the flower head dries, the hooked bracts will attach to humans and animals in order to transport the entire seedhead. The leaves, leafstalks, roots and flower stalks are all edible when prepared correctly.
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The inflorescence is a flower head with a bell-shaped involucre of woolly-haired phyllaries. There are 12 or 13 yellow ray florets and about 30 disc florets at the center. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of scales.Thymophylla tephroleuca.
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The rolled leaf blades are up to long. Leaves at the top of the stem have no blades, just black-tipped sheaths. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with wispy, cottony, bright white, red-tinged, or silvery bristles up to long.Eriophorum scheuchzeri.
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The flowers of Ozothamnus ledifolius are white and small. Orange buds open to white flower heads in late spring. The flowers are clustered with longer stalks and formed a convex flower head (corymbs). They are arranged in a radiating pattern (many stellate).
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The flower head is borne singly, usually on a leafless stalk. Hairless phyllaries are green, usually with tiny purple dots and nearly equal in length. The outer ones are wider than the inner. The corolla contains many yellow ray florets and no disc florets.
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Each flower head has several rows of dark-colored phyllaries and an open end revealing disc florets and longer protruding ray florets. The florets are yellow when young but may age to red or purple.Flora of North America, Hazardia cana (A. Gray) Greene, 1887.
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Protea coronata is an erect shrub usually growing 2-3 m tall, but known to reach 5 m. It produces an apple-green flower head and lanceolate leaves, turning purple-green around the flowerhead. Its stems are hairy. It flowers between April and September.
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California goldenrod The inflorescence is a narrow, often one-sided series or cluster of many flower heads. Each flower head contains many yellow disc florets and surrounded by up to 11 narrow yellow ray florets which measure up to half a centimeter (0.2 inches) long.
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The leaf base or petiole usually has at least one spine. The inflorescence is a solitary rounded flower head lined with spine-tipped phyllaries. The head has 15 to 30 short, yellow ray florets. At the center are many yellow disc florets with black anthers.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flower head atop an erect peduncle. The hairy head has several yellow disc florets each around a centimeter long and at the center many yellow disc florets. The fruit is a silky-haired achene tipped with a white pappus.
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This perennial herb grows a few centimeters tall from a taproot and caudex. The rough-haired leaves are linear or lance-shaped and 1 to 4 centimeters long. The flower head contains 20 to 23 white ray florets 5 to 8 millimeters long.Erigeron heliographis.
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This pattern produces the most efficient packing of seeds mathematically possible within the flower head. Most cultivars of sunflower are variants of Helianthus annuus, but four other species (all perennials) are also domesticated. This includes H. tuberosus, the Jerusalem artichoke, which produces edible tubers.
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There are one to two simple inflorescences per axil. Each subglobular to obloid flower-head contains around 21 flowers. The straight to shallowly curved woody seed pod are and have a diameter of .The pods contain dull brown elliptic-linear seeds that are around .
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The Nature Conservancy. This plant is an erect or reclining shrub growing up to about 40 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves, measuring up to 3.5 centimeters in length, are narrow and stiff and have rolled edges. The inflorescence contains a single flower head.
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Isocoma hartwegii is a Mexican plant species in the sunflower family. It has been found in the states of Jalisco, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, and San Luis Potosí. Isocoma hartwegii is a subshrub. Each flower head has 13-22 disc flowers but no ray flowers.
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The leaf blades are sometimes borne on petioles, which may have spines. The flower head contains 2 female disc florets and 2 to 4 male disc florets. The latter are whitish, greenish, or yellowish. The fruit is a rough- edged cypsela with a pappus.
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Ionactis stenomeres is a small perennial up to tall, with a woody underground caudex. The plant usually produces only one flower head, each with 7-21 blue or lavender ray flowers surrounding yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Ionactis stenomeres (A. Gray) Greene, 1897.
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Scientists conclude that the spots are an example of mimicry of the pollinator, that result in more visits by male specimens of the pollinator that are deceived into thinking the spots are females; G. diffusa is not unique in doing this, but it is a phenomenon largely restricted to orchids. Like the other species of Gorteria, the cypselas do not part from the flower head when ripe, but initially mostly only one germinates while remaining in the flower head. In G. diffusa, it has been observed that the other cypselas germinate in later years, thus making it possible to bridge periods of drought, when seed setting may not succeed.
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The leaves have wedge- shaped or oval blades with three lobes and are hairy in texture. The hairy flower head contains white ray florets that develop a pinkish tinge as they dry. There are yellow disc florets at the center. Blooming occurs in May through October.
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The sparse, clawlike leaves are divided into sharply pointed linear lobes that bear prominent resin glands. The foliage has an unpleasant scent. The inflorescence is borne on a peduncle several centimeters long. The flower head is cylindrical and lined with phyllaries with large resin glands on them.
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The often nodding flower head contains up to 50 yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a brownish or reddish body a few millimeters long. At the tip of the body is a large pappus made up of 15 to 30 silvery, hairy scales.
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Hypochaeris robertia is a Mediterranean species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family. It grows in the central Mediterranean (Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy and North Africa) at elevations of above sea level. It flowers from spring to autumn. Each flower head is in diameter.
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Nesom, Guy L. 2004. Sida 21(1): 22-24 includes distribution map on page 23 Erigeron davisii is a perennial herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall. Each branch generally has only one flower head, with 50–80 white ray florets and numerous yellow disc florets.
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The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem, each head with up to 35 blue or purple ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The species grows on ridges, rocky slopes, and outcroppings.Flora of North America, Erigeron nanus Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s.
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The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem, each head with up to 35 blue or purple ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The species grows on ridges, rocky slopes, and outcroppings.Flora of North America, Erigeron nauseosus (M. E. Jones) A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz.
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It generally produces only one flower head per stem. Each head contains 8–12 ray florets, the rays white from the front but pink from the rear. These surround numerous yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron wilkenii O’Kane, 1990. Wilken’s fleabane O'Kane, Steve Lawrence 1987.
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The flower head is solitary atop the stem and at the ends of branches. It has yellow ray florets with 2 to 4 teeth at the tips and tubular yellow disc florets at the center. The fruit is a cypsela with a pappus of scales.Buphthalmum salicifolium.
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The leaves tend to be thick and more narrow than other species. The leaves are white underneath. H. strumosus also has a definitively smooth stem. The flower head of H. strumosus has a yellow center surrounded by a variable (usually 8-20) number of yellow ray florets.
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At the base of the style are four line-shaped scales of long. The young female flower head is oblong to cylinder-shaped and about long. The involucral leaves are often ivory in colour and may conceal the head. Inflorescences can be either yellow or red.
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The flower head is about half a centimeter long and is enclosed in narrow, sometimes purple-tinged phyllaries. The flowers are pinkish, purplish, or white. The fruit is a dark-colored, resinous achene about half a centimeter long, including its pappus of white or purplish bristles.
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Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 Tetraneuris turneri is a perennial herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 20 unbranched, above-ground stems, sometimes some of them leaning against other vegetation. The plant generally produces one flower head per stem.
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Each pinna in turn is made up of 11 to 28 pairs of 3–10 mm-long pinnules. Flowering occurs from November till June, the yellow flowerheads arranged in axillary and terminal panicles or racemes. Each small round flower head is composed of 20 to 40 individual flowers.
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Each flower head is lined with phyllaries which are coated in large bulbous resin glands. They are hairy and sticky in texture. The head contains many yellow disc florets surrounded by three to 10 golden yellow ray florets. The ray and fertile disc florets produce achenes of different shapes.
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The inflorescence holds one to three daisylike flower heads lined with phyllaries coated in glandular hairs. The flower head has a center of yellow disc florets and a fringe of yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a white to cream-colored pappus.Flora of North America Vol.
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In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one or more whorls immediately below a flower head.
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Larvae have a cryptic coloration markings, closely resembling that of the blossoms where they hide. The caterpillar matures through four larval stages or instars in about 24 days before becoming a chrysalis. The pupation then occurs in the flower head itself or below in the leaf litter.Dixon, Dave. 1999.
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Several cultivars are available, including the cornflower blue 'Klaus Jelitto', 'Colorwheel', which is white, turning purple over time, and 'Blue Danube', which has a blue flower head with a white center.Stokesia laevis. Missouri Botanical Garden. More unusual cultivars include the pink-flowered 'Rosea' and yellow-flowered 'Mary Gregory'.
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Phytologia 68(4): 317 distribution map on page 317 Grindelia vetimontis is a perennial herb up to tall, forming a thick underground rhizome. The plant produces only one flower head per stem, the head across. Each head has 22-24 ray flowers surrounding numerous disc flowers.Nesom, G.L. 1990.
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Leaves are oblong or egg-shaped, up to 5 cm long even high on the stem, thus larger than the leaves of related species. The plant produces only one flower head per stem, the head about across. Each head has 16-22 ray flowers surrounding numerous disc flowers.
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The leaf margin is entire with a rolled edge. The single flower head consists of a cluster of 10-18 mauve to dark blue daisy-like flowers are up in diameter on a peduncle long. The flower centre is yellow. The fruit is smooth with several long hairs.
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Leaves higher on the stem are up to 3.5 centimeters long and are divided into narrow lobes with bristly edges. The slender flower head is about 1 or 2 centimeters long. It contains up to 5 florets, usually only one of which is fertile. It has a purple corolla.
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The leaves are a few centimeters long and divided into many lobes. The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads on long peduncles. The flower head is lined with woolly phyllaries which have recurved tips. The head contains many white or pink- tinted flowers which open at night.
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It blooms in Summer and Spring, although it has also been seen blooming in the Winter and Autumn. The plant is monoecious, with both sexes in each flower. It has its flowers arranged in a flower head, a special type of inflorescence. Each branch bears only one inflorescence.
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Lactuca tatarica is an herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, with a large taproot. Most of the leaves are near the base of the plant, larger than leaves farther up. Each flower head has about 20 blue or purple (rarely white) ray flowers but no disc flowers.
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The leaves are often bicolored white and green with the distribution of hairs on the surfaces. The inflorescence may be small and compact or wide, open, and branching. Each bell shaped flower head is about half a centimeter long and lined with purplish phyllaries. It contains many yellow flowers.
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Detail showing crimson flower head Hakea laurina is shrub or small tree commonly known as kodjet or pin-cushion hakea and is endemic to Western Australia. The Noongar name for the plant is kodjet or kojet. It has red and cream conspicuous globular flowers and lance shaped leaves.
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Herbage is covered with copious hairs. Leaves are narrow, oblong to oblanceolate, up to long, deeply lobed. Each flower head is up to wide (fairly large for the genus) and has 19-28 disc flowers but no ray flowers.Flora of North America, Isocoma humilis G. L. Nesom, 1991.
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Sikki is dried and the flower head is cut off. The resulting fine golden fibre is used in weaving to make toys, dolls, and baskets (dolchi). Items are sometimes painted. Boxes made of sikki known as pauti are given to daughters by parents on the occasion of their wedding.
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Differences between water parsnip and water hemlock include the water parsnip having leaves only once compound while the water hemlock has leaves which are two or three times compound. Water hemlock also has a large swelling at the stem base which water parsnip lacks. Additionally, water hemlock has bracts at the base of each small flower cluster, not at the base of the main flower head, while water parsnip has both bracts at the base of flowers and also at the main flower head. Additionally, there can be confusion between the various water hemlock species and poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) as the common name hemlock is applied to both Cicuta and Conium maculatum.
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The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four narrowly lanceolate lobes of about long, with the outer surface of the limbs facing sideways and to the center of the flower head have a tuft of long hairs, the lobe facing the rim of the flower head hardly so. From the perianth emerges a straight style, 1¼–2¼ cm (0.5–0.9 in) long, topped by a very slight thickening called pollen presenter. That is cilinder-shaped, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long, with the very end split in two. The ovary is subtended by four pale yellow, awl-shaped nectar producing scales of about 1 mm (0.02 in) long.
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Compton chose the species name catherinae, partly because seen from above, the flower head is reminiscent of a wheel, and partly to honor mrs. Catherine van der Byl, who assisted him in finding the locations where this species grows. L. catherinae has been assigned to the fireworks pincushions, section Cardinistyle.
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The blades have serrated edges. Leaves toward the top may have smooth edges. The large solitary flower head grows at the top of the stem and sometimes on branches. The head is lined with layers of phyllaries, those in the outer layer large and leaflike, measuring up to 3 centimeters long.
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The anthers and curly styles protrude far from each floret, making the flower head look like a pincushion. The fruit is a compressed achene about half a centimeter long with no pappus.Flora of North America, White pincushion, Chaenactis artemisiifolia (Harvey & A. Gray) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 10: 74. 1874.
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Phytologia 68(4): 303–332 distribution map on page 317 Grindelia turneri is a perennial herb up to tall, hairless or almost hairless, producing a large taproot. The plant produces only one flower head per flower stalk. Each head has 18-28 ray flowers surrounding many disc flowers.Nesom, G.L. 1990.
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Clark, M. M. A comparison between the flower-head insect communities of South African Berkheya and European Cynareae. In: Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. (pp. 165-170). Istituto Sperimentale per la Vegetale, Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste. 1990. B. coddii is a well-known hyperaccumulator.
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The bristles of the pappus are scabrous, barbellate, or plumose. The receptacle (base of the flower head) is often smooth, with a fringed margin, or honey-combed, and resemble daisies. They may be in almost all colors, except blue. There are many capitula and generally flat-topped corymbs or panicles.
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The inflorescence is a single flower head or a cluster of a few heads, each lined with woolly phyllaries. The head contains yellow disc and ray florets. The fruit is an achene which may be over a centimeter long including its long pappus. There are two varieties of this species.
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The common example of this is most members of the very large composite (Asteraceae) group. A single daisy or sunflower, for example, is not a flower but a flower head—an inflorescence composed of numerous flowers (or florets). An inflorescence may include specialized stems and modified leaves known as bracts.
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The plant generally produces only 1-3 flower head per stem, each head with up to 55 white or pink ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The species grows on sandy or rocky soil in sagebrush flats or conifer woodlands.Flora of North America, Erigeron nematophyllus Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.
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The flower head contains up to 200 white or yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a brown to nearly black, sometimes speckled body up to a centimeter long. At the tip of the body is a large pappus made up of about five long, bristly, barbed scales.
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Tagetes linifolia is an hairless herb about 30 cm (12 inches) tall. Leaves are pinnately compound with 7-11 leaflets. The plant produces one flower head per branch, each head with 5 yellow ray florets and 25-30 disc florets.Seaton, Henry Eliason 1893.
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Emilia sonchifolia completes its life cycle in approximately 90 days. There are two types of seed, which are defined by the color of the achene. The first, a female outer circle of florets of a flower head produces red and brown achenes. The second is the inner, off-white hermaphrodite florets.
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Flower heads with 6–21 red, maroon or yellow ray florets (with a 0.8–2.5 cm long petal each) surrounding 12–50 yellow disc florets (with 0.1 cm long corolla lobes). Fruits (cypselae) oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 0.7–1 cm long, 3-angled or compressed, striate. Close-up of flower head.
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Plants can form mats up to 2 m across. The flower stems reach 30 cm tall and are densely covered with white hairs. A showy solitary flower head, 3–5 cm across, is borne at the end of each stem. The numerous ray florets are white and the disc florets yellow.
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Arctanthemum integrifolium is a perennial herb, rarely more than tall, with a woody underground caudex and a basal rosette of leaves. Each plant usually produces only one flower head, blooming in the summer, containing 11–19 white ray flowers surrounding 60–80 yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Hulteniella Tzvelev 1987.
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The base of each flower head is up to 1.6 centimeters (0.64 inches) wide. The head contains 8 to 21 yellow ray florets each up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inch) long. At the center are many yellow disc florets, sometimes 200 or more. The fruits are dry achenes only a few millimeters long.
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It has fibrous roots and rhizomes or woody caudices. The rough-haired, glandular leaves are up to long and are divided into several large lance-shaped or oval lobes. The inflorescences are tall, generally far above the highest leaves. Each flower head contains up to 15 yellow ray florets up to long.
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The leaves are oval or oblong in shape with bases that clasp the stem. They are up to 4.5 centimeters in length. They are tough, glandular, coated in rough hairs, and lined with spiny teeth on the edges. The inflorescence may be a single flower head or an array of several heads.
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They are deeply veined, coated in woolly hairs, and glandular but not shiny. The inflorescence is a cyme of sunflower-like flower heads borne on a hairy, leafless peduncle. The flower head has several yellow ray florets measuring up to 1.5 centimeters long. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus.
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Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long. Each head has 8-12 red or purple (rarely yellow) ray flowers surrounding 30-60 disc flowers (yellow with purple tips). The species appears to be closely related to the more widespread G. pulchella.Flora of North America, Gaillardia amblyodon Gay, 1839.
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The leaves are no more than a centimeter long. The flower head has many ray florets which are usually white, sometimes purple-tinged. They are 5 to 7 millimeters long. The fruit is an achene about half a centimeter long including the pappus, which is an elongated bristle surrounded by fused scales.
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The base of the flower head has several floral bracts that appear light green and glabrous. Flowers bloom in late summer or early fall for approximately 3–4 weeks. The flower does not seem to emit noticeable scent. After the blooming period, flowers are replaced by dark achenes with tufts of white hair.
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The leathery, pointed leaves are up to 5 by in size. The flower head is turbin-shaped and has several ray florets and disc florets surrounded by 40 to 60 resinous phyllaries. The fruit is a few millimeters long and is tipped with a brown pappus about half a centimeter long.Hazardia orcuttii.
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It grows typically in warm, sheltered spots with moist soil. Its yellow flower head is 4–6 cm in diameter and is likely to be seen in late spring or early summer. Buds are blue-green, tall, and tapered. The inflorescence opens early in the morning and often closes up by late afternoon.
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The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem. Each head has 25–60 blue, pink or white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The species grows in dry places with silty or gravelly soil, sometimes high in salt, selenium, or gypsum.Flora of North America, Erigeron pulcherrimus A. Heller, 1898.
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The flower head opens into a face of up to 10 yellow ray florets. There are no disc florets. The fruit is a narrow achene 7 or 8 millimeters long tipped with a pappus of white hairlike bristles.Flora of North America, Longleaf or tapertip hawksbeard, Crepis acuminata Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.
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The inflorescences, which appear in spring, are large and crimson coloured. They consist of a large domed flowerhead ringed by bracts. There are anywhere from 90 to 250 individual flowers making up the flower head. These are followed by large seed pods which eventually turn brown and split open revealing winged seeds inside.
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Flora of North America, A. Gray, 1865. Guirado’s goldenrod The inflorescence is a cluster of sometimes as many as 190 small flower heads in a branching, elongated array. Each flower head contains 10-21 yellow disc florets surrounded by up to 8-10 narrow yellow ray florets each 1 or 2 millimeters long.
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This plant has erect, unbranched flowering stems, typically tall. The apex of the stem is topped by a round flower head, subtended by two leaves. These apical leaves are typically larger than those found on stems without flowers. The flower heads are white, sometimes tinged with purple, and 2–2.5 cm diameter.
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The plant is coated densely in long hairs. The small, narrow leaves are equal in size and evenly spaced along the stem. The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads on long erect peduncles, each lined with hairy, glandular phyllaries. The flower head contains many yellow disc florets but no ray florets.
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Its gray- green stems are covered in a coat of stiff, bristly hairs. The few rough leaves are several centimeters long. The racemes of flowers are more plentiful, with each hairy flower head a few millimeters wide. The spiny, burr-like pistillate heads have pointed, twisting bracts and the staminate heads are rounded.
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Xylorhiza tortifolia is a perennial herb or subshrub with branching, hairy, glandular stems that reach in height/length. The leaves are linear, lance-shaped, or oval, with pointed or spiny tips and spiny edges. The leaf surfaces are hairy and glandular. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head borne on a long peduncle.
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The inflorescence is usually a solitary flower head with a bell-shaped base up to 1.5 centimeters wide. It is lined with green or yellowish phyllaries with white edges. It contains several yellow ray florets and many disc florets. The fruit is an achene at least a centimeter long including its pappus.
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Stebbinsoseris heterocarpa is variable in morphology. In general, it is an annual herb with a basal rosette of large leaves. The inflorescence arises on a tall peduncle bearing a solitary flower head. The head is lined in hairless phyllaries and contains many ray florets, often over 100, in shades of yellow or white.
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One plant generally produces one flower head per stem, up to 10 per plant. Each head has 14–23ray flowers and 150–250 disc flowers.Flora of North America, Hymenoxys brandegeei (Porter ex A. Gray) K. F. Parker, 1950. Brandegee’s rubberweed, western bitterweed The oldest available name for this plant is Actinella grandiflora var.
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It is a moderately fast-growing tree, growing to in height, with alternate cordate leaves resembling those of a linden in appearance, except that they are symmetrical, and lacking the lop-sided base typical of linden leaves; the leaves are mostly 10–20 cm long and 7–15 cm wide and are ovate to heart-shaped. Davidia involucrata is best known for its inflorescence that features white bracts surrounding a purplish-red flower head. The Latin specific epithet involucrata means "with a ring of bracts surrounding several flowers". These form a tight cluster about 1–2 cm across, each flower head with a pair of large (12–25 cm), pure white bracts at the base performing the function of petals.
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A high proportion of the first type of subterranean cypselas germinates quickly, while in the second type germination is spread over time due to inhibition by hormones from the fruit skin. The cypselas in the aerial flower heads form from April to May and neither shows delayed germination, but the three types differ in the way they disperse. Those bordering the involucre have short and scaly pappus and are subtended by a bract, to be released with the flower head when it breaks free from the dead mother plant, resulting in dispersal over a short distance. The cypselas at the centre of the flower head however carry much longer pappus and dislodge much sooner to be carried off by the wind over larger distances.
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The surface of the leaf is initially slightly powdery, but this is lost later on. The flower head is 1½–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) in diameter and consists of four to seven flowers in one whorl set on a stalk of 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) long. Three or four lance-shaped involucral bracts of long with a pointy or pointed tip subtend the flower head or are entirely absent. The bracteole that is subtending the individual flower is 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and wide, oval in circumference with a pointy tip, sharply folded at the midvein and embracing the foot of the perianth, with a slightly powdery surface and a row of fine hairs around the rim.
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Each flower head has about thirty, female ray florets. The corolla is reddish purple, mauve, pink or white. The lower tube-shaped part is 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long has some glandular hairs. The flat upper part (or limb) is line-shaped, long and wide, with four veins, ending with three teeth.
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The flower petals are 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long, white or mauve, flower head in diameter and the centre yellow. The 15-20 overlapping flower bracts are narrowly elliptic, green, barely toothed and rounded at the tip. The brown fruit are egg-shaped, sticky and long. Flowering occurs from October to May.
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Protea cynaroides, the king protea, is a flowering plant. It is a distinctive member of Protea, having the largest flower head in the genus. The species is also known as giant protea, honeypot or king sugar bush. It is widely distributed in the southwestern and southern parts of South Africa in the fynbos region.
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Each flower head contains 15 to 30 flowers. The seed pods that form later are linear and glabrose with thickened margins. Each pod is long and wide and contains long longitudinally oblique seeds. A. asperulacea typically lives to an age of 11 to 20 years and is able to produce seeds after three years.
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Brickellia monocephala is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is widespread across much of Mexico from Hidalgo and Durango south as far as Oaxaca. The species is unusual in the genus in having only one relatively large flower head per stalk rather than several small ones.Turner, B. L. 1997.
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The stem is very short and the branches extend outward, making the plant squat in stature, sometimes forming a patch on the ground. The alternately arranged leaves are linear. The disc-shaped flower heads are clustered in glomerules 1 or 2 centimeters wide. There are layers of tiny woolly phyllaries around the flower head.
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Each head is on a very short or long pedicel, except in C. cymosum, where it is absent. Remarkably, each flower head contains just one, bisexual, mauve, pink or white disc floret. The florets are enveloped by two whorls of involucral bracts. The outer whorl consists of two or three short bracts at the base.
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The solitary flower head has 5 to 13 yellow ray florets and up to 90 yellow or purple-tinged disc florets. The fruit is a cypsela which may be over a centimeter long including its pappus of bristles. The plant grows on grasslands and playas. It flowers in summer and fall, especially after rain.
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Flora of North America, Brickellia greenei A. Gray The inflorescences hold widely spaced flower heads, each about long and lined with narrow, pointed phyllaries. Each flower head holds a nearly spherical array of about 60 thready disc florets. The fruit is a hairy cylindrical achene about long with a pappus of bristles.Gray, Asa 1877.
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The top part of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence. The branches may be pressed against the main stem, or they may branch outward. The flower head is up to about 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) wide when open, with rectangular pale yellow ray florets with toothed tips. There are no disc florets.
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Leaves occur in basal rosettes and are alternately arranged along the stem. They can be several centimeters long all but the uppermost are divided into several lobes. They are borne on flat petioles with wide bases. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head which can be large and showy, measuring up to 10 centimeters wide.
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Like other members of its genus, it has a milky sap and flower heads composed of smaller strap-like flowers called "ligules". The species is native to the western United States, excluding much of the Pacific Northwest, and into northern Mexico. It is a dicot. M. glabrata is typically tall with a flower head.
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The phyllaries (a bract under the flowerhead) has long spreading hairs. Each phyllary is associated with a ray floret. Species of Arnica, with an involucre (a circle of bracts arranged surrounding the flower head) arranged in two rows, have only their outer phyllaries associated with ray florets. The flowers have a slight aromatic smell.
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This is a perennial herb growing up to 70 centimeters tall with a branching stem. The leaves are up to 35 centimeters in length and smooth, toothed or lobed along the edges. The somewhat hairy inflorescence is borne on an erect or curving peduncle. The flower head contains up to 70 yellow ray florets.
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Xyris marginata, like all Tasmanian Xyridaceaes, flowers between November and January. The flower head is broader towards the top, almost forming a globe, the lateral sepals are turned inwards and rough in texture. The petals are rounded and a golden yellow colour. They have finely notched margins, for which Xyris marginata gets its name.
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The domestic sunflower, however, often possesses only a single large inflorescence (flower head) atop an unbranched stem. The name sunflower may derive from the flower's head's shape, which resembles the sun. Sunflower seeds were brought to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century, where, along with sunflower oil, they became a widespread cooking ingredient.
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The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or a cluster of 2 or 3 heads, each with up to 11 yellow ray florets which may be up to 4.5 centimeters long. The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long, not counting its pappus. The seeds are edible and taste similar to sunflower seeds.
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Trichoptilium incisum sends up stems from a basal rosette of sharply-toothed leaves which are covered in curly hairs and oil glands. Atop each stem is a small rounded bright yellow flower head with only disc florets. Each head is a hemispherical button about a centimeter in diameter. The fruit is bristly with pappus.
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They are most commonly bright red, though scattered yellow-flowered plants occur. These were described as forma lutea but are mere colour variations and not genetically distinct. Yellow-flowered plants have both red- and yellow-flowered progeny. Anthesis is basipetal; that is, the flowers at the base (edges) of the flower head open first.
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Its stem and small patch of basal leaves are covered with glandular hairs. The inflorescence holds a single flower head per stem, each with hairy, purple-tipped phyllaries lining the underside of the head. Each head contains 25–40 white or pink ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron vagus Payson, 1926.
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The flower head is urn-shaped and covered in phyllaries. The head opens slightly at the top, revealing many yellow disc florets and sometimes one or more tiny yellow ray florets, although these may be absent. The fruit is a long, thin achene coated in ashy gray hairs and tipped with a pappus of long, white bristles.
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The flower head is known to attract beneficial insects to the garden. The stamens have a chocolate flavor and are edible. The plant was also used by Native Americans to alleviate symptoms of stomach problems. Some Native American cultures would burn the dried roots of the plant in order to treat nervous conditions or to inspire courage.
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Berlandiera lyrata is a hardy perennial, cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is grown in gardens for the chocolate- like scent of its flowers. The chocolate odor can also be produced by plucking the ray florets from the flower head. To ensure that it will continue to bloom as long as possible, spent flowers should be removed.
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All leaves are hairless, base stalkless, ear-shaped, arrow-shaped or semi-stem-clasping. Blue flower-heads are bore on top of the stem and branches arranged in loose corymbose inflorescence, each flower head containing ray flowers but no disc flowers. Achenes light brown, oblanceolate, long 2.3 mm, width of 1 mm. Pappus white, thin, hairy, 3 mm long.
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Flora of North America, Erigeron parishii A. Gray 1884. Parish’s fleabane The erect stems have inflorescences of one to ten flower heads, each between one and two centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) wide. The flower head has a center of golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of up to 55 lavender, pink, or white ray florets.
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They measure up to long. The inflorescence is a flower head lined with green, sometimes purple-speckled, phyllaries and containing many yellow ray florets and no disc florets. The fruit is a cylindrical achene up to long not including the large pappus of up to 30 silvery white bristles which may be an additional in length.
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Flowering takes place from late winter to early summer. The inflorescences are dome-shaped flower heads rather than spikes as many other banksias, and arise from stems that are around a year old. No lateral branchlets grow outwards from the node where the flower head arises. The flower heads measure in diameter, and bear 60 to 100 individual flowers.
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Aristotelia brizella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, Switzerland and most of the Balkan Peninsula. Outside of Europe, it is found in North Africa and the Near East.Aristotelia at funet A flower head of Armeria maritima attacked by larva Larva The wingspan is 10–12 mm.microlepidoptera.
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This species, Pseudobahia bahiifolia, is an annual herb growing 5 to 20 centimeters tall. It has a thin coating of woolly hairs. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are up to 2.5 centimeters long and often have three small lobes near the tips. The inflorescence is a solitary sunflowerlike flower head lined with three to eight phyllaries.
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Echinacea purpurea is an herbaceous perennial up to tall by wide at maturity. Depending on the climate, it blooms throughout summer into autumn. Its cone-shaped flowering heads are usually, but not always, purple in the wild. Its individual flowers (florets) within the flower head are hermaphroditic, having both male and female organs in each flower.
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The flower heads are surrounded by 'involucral bracts'; these bracts are cream-coloured and glabrous. Together with Protea curvata and P. rubropilosa this species has a large receptacle at the base of the flower head which has a dome-shape – this is thought to be a more basal evolutionary characteristic. The style is 65 to 80mm in length.
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The flower head is enclosed in five waxy, gland-studded phyllaries. It bears 20 to 30 flowers, which are disc florets. Each flower is white or purplish and has a long, curling style protruding from it. The fruit is a cylindrical achene topped with a pappus of bristles, the whole unit measuring over one centimeter long.
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Osyris daruma is a species of plant in the family Santalaceae. The name of Osyris daruma is derived from the Greek word ozos which means branches, as this tree is bushy in nature and multi stemmed. The name is related to the coastal species. The small tree of Osyris daruma is distinguished as opposite leaves and terminal flower head.
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Some leaves are borne on petioles, and others are sessile, attached to the stem at their bases. They vary in shape, and some are lobed or toothed. The flower head is solitary, paired, or in a group of three on the stem. The base of the head is layered with up to 60 or more rough-edged phyllaries.
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Flowering occurs from late spring to late summer, and seed dissemination occurs approximately one month after the flowers form. A single flower head may produce 1,200 seeds and a single plant up to 120,000 seeds, which are wind dispersed. The seeds may remain viable in the soil for over ten years, making it a difficult plant to control.
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Leaves are very narrow, up to 3 cm (1.2 inches) long. The plant produces only one flower head per branch, each head containing about 20 red disc florets, sometimes with no ray florets, other times with 5-8 yellow rays.Gray, Asa. 1852. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 3(5): 106 description in parallel English and LatinGray, Asa. 1852.
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The flower head is made up of disk flowers and ray flowers fill in around the outer rim of the head. The flowers are typically 13-19mm in diameter. The leaves are visually lacy and hairy. The structure of the leaves are bipinnately compound between 23 and 26 cm long and 3 to 9 cm wide.
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El género Chrysactinia (Asteraceae, tribu Tageteae) en México. Revista mexicana de biodiversidad 80(1) in Spanish with line drawings and distribution maps Chrysactinia mexicana is an evergreen subshrub up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall. It is branched, usually with one flower head per branch. Heads have bright yellow ray flowers and yellow or orange disc flowers.
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Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long. Each head has 5-10 2-colored ray flowers (red, yellow, or orange close to the center of the head, orange or yellow farther away from the center). These surround 40-100 yellow or reddish disc flowers.Flora of North America, Gaillardia coahuilensis B. L. Turner, 1977.
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Phytologia 68(4): 316 distribution map on page 316 Grindelia palmeri is a herb up to tall, with numerous leafy stems sprouting from the base but generally not branching above ground level. The plant produces only one flower head per stem, the head across. Each head has 35-30 ray flowers surrounding numerous disc flowers.Steyermark, Julian Alfred. 1934.
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The petiole margined and 2–5 mm long. The complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers, inflorescence, is short only about 1–2 cm long axillary. Cymose, definite inflorescence, with a single terminal female flower and several lateral male flowers. The bract, modified leaf, is triangular and 1–2 mm long.
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Acacia ulicifolia is decumbent to an erect shrub high, with smooth grey bark. The phyllodes which are leaf like in appearance and function, are short and needle like, long. The inflorescence of the plant, or the collections of flowers, consist of a flower head attached to the stem by a long slender stalk long. The flowers are pale cream.
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Three types of flower head are distinguished: brush, tube and gullet. The flower heads of most species are of the brush-type. Flower heads of the brush-type have large perianths, pollen presenters and often bracts in bright and contrasting yellow, white or red. The subtending leaves do not differ from other leaves and remain green throughout flowering.
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The flower heads are composed of strap-shaped ray flowers, growing longer toward the outer portion of the head, and collectively creating the appearance of a single flower as in other sunflower family plants. The outer flowers in the head extend well beyond the 1/2" to 1" long phyllaries (bracts enclosing the flower head before opening).
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Pentachaeta exilis is an annual herb with a hairy stem no more than about 6 centimeters tall. The narrow linear leaves are up to 3 centimeters long but only about a millimeter wide. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head, with up to 23 heads per plant. The two subspecies of the plant have different types of heads.
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The flower heads are arranged in clusters (panicles). Each flower head has 13 to 23 ray florets with pale to dark blue or purple petals (laminae), and 19 to 33 disc florets that start out yellow and eventually turn purplish-red. The whole flowerhead measures across. The seeds are achenes with bristles at their tips (cypselae).
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Flower head of Fatoua villosa showing pistillate and staminate flowers. F. villosa is an annual herb which reproduces via seed. The entire plant is covered in both glandular and recurved hairs giving the plant a sticky feeling to the touch. The leaves resemble the leaves of mulberry giving rise to the common name of mulberry-weed.
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Most of the leaves are clustered around the base of the stems. They are fan-shaped, narrowed at the base, triangular or 3-lobed at the far end. Each stem usually produces only 1 flower head per stem. Each head contains as many as 70 white, pink, or lavender ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
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The leaves and the stem are covered with hairs. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem, each head with up to 60 purple, blue, white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The species grows on rockslides in alpine tundra and coniferous forests at high elevations.Flora of North America, Erigeron leiomerus A. Gray. 1884.
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The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem, each head with up to 68 purple or lavender ray florets each measuring 8-11 millimeters (0.3-0.4 inches) long. These surround numerous yellow disc florets in the center.Flora of North America, Erigeron lackschewitzii G. L. Nesom & W. A. Weber, Madroño. 30: 245, fig. 1. 1983.
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Atop the stems are solitary flower heads which are ligulate, containing layered rings of ray florets with no disc florets. The florets are yellow with toothed tips. The fruit is a cylindrical achene with a pappus of scales. Fruits near the center of the flower head are rough, while those growing along the edges of the head are smooth.
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Close-up of flower head showing hornlike spikelets It is often confused with meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). Timothy flowers later, from June until August, whereas meadow foxtail flowers from April until June. The spikelets of timothy are twin hornlike projections arranged in cylindrical panicles, whereas foxtail has a soft, single awn.bsbi.org.uk ; description, retrieved 2010-12-1.
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Its fragrant, daisy-like flower heads are in shades of yellow or white, and flower heads may have an orange to red "button" in the center of the flower head, composed of several immature flowers.Susan J. Wernert, Reader's Digest Association, Brenda Jackson. North American Wildlife: An Illustrated Guide to 2,000 Plants and Animals. Readers Digest, 1998. p.467.
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Agoseris monticola resembles the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in having no leafy stems, only a rosette of leaves close to the ground. There is a single flower head with many yellow ray florets but no disc florets.Flora of North America, Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 329 Sierra Nevada agoseris, Agoseris monticola GreeneGreene, Edward Lee 1899.
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Agave titanota, the chalk agave, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is a medium-sized evergreen succulent perennial native to Oaxaca, Mexico. The plant forms a solitary rosette of broad whitish green leaves with variable spines, occasionally producing offsets. Mature plants may produce a flower head from 3m to 6m tall with yellow flowers.
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Chaenactis suffrutescens is a spreading subshrub producing several branching erect stems reaching up to about 50 cm (20 inches) tall. The leaves are several centimeters long and divided into several lobes which are subdivided into smaller lobes. The leaves are coated in feltlike white woolly fibers. The inflorescence is a cylindrical flower head atop an erect, stout peduncle.
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Stenotus lanuginosus is a perennial herb usually forming a compact tuft of herbage with a fibrous root system. The leaves are linear to widely lance-shaped leaves and measure up to 10 centimeters long. They are coated in white woolly fibers and are generally glandular. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with woolly or hairy green phyllaries.
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They are arranged in opposite pairs, mostly near the base of the stem. The blades are coated densely in short curly hairs, some glandular. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or cluster of a few heads. The head contains up to 12 yellow ray florets up to 2.5 centimeters long with many yellow disc florets at the center.
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This annual plant produces a slender purplish stem 10 to 50 centimeters tall. The hairy leaves are 2 to 5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a single flower head or small cluster of heads, each with 1 to 6 three-lobed yellow ray florets. Unlike other Calycadenia species, this plant is self-compatible, or able to fertilize itself.
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It is a biennial or perennial, blooming only once before dying. Leaves are toothed or shallowly lobed, with fine spines along the edge. Sometimes there is only one flower head but more often more, with pink or purple (rarely white) disc florets but no ray florets. The species grows in prairies, open woodlands, and disturbed sites.
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According to Meissner in 1856 it is most similar to Protea grandiceps, especially in leaf-form, but with a smaller flower head. P. foliosa, which occurs further to the east, also has terminal flower heads which are somewhat wrapped by the surrounding and subtending leaves and bracts, but in this species the heads are bourne low to the ground.
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The inflorescence is a solitary bell-shaped, sunflower-like flower head sometimes tucked amongst the uppermost leaves. The head contains about 13 yellow ray florets which may be 2 to 3 centimeters long or more. At the center are yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 7 millimeters long which does not have a pappus.
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The leaves have lance-shaped or oval blades up to 45 centimeters long. The inflorescence is usually a solitary flower head or occasionally a cluster of 2 or more. The head has lance-shaped leaflike phyllaries at the base. It contains up to 21 yellow ray florets each up to 5 centimeters long and many yellow disc florets.
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This is an annual herb producing a decumbent to erect, reddish stem no more than 30 centimeters long. The deeply lobed leaves are up to 3 or 4 centimeters long. Some leaves and new stem parts are coated in woolly fibers. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or cluster of heads at the tip of the stem.
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The inflorescence is generally a single flower head, or sometimes more than one. The head has a bell-shaped base with curving phyllaries which are green to tan. The head contains a few white ray florets and has white disc florets at the center. The fruit is a hairy achene which is roughly a centimeter long including its pappus.
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The plant produces cylindrical flower heads just a few millimeters wide, containing usually 3-4 bright yellow disc flowers. The phyllaries (green bracts surrounding the flower head) are concave. The disc florets have ray-like lobes, but there are no true ray flowers. The fruit is an achene about half a centimeter long including a short pappus.
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It has pale to greenish yellow flowers, becoming orange with age, with some long hairs near their tips, from which straight styles stick out. This gives the flower head the likeness of a pincushion. It flowers from July till October and is pollinated by birds. It is called Albertinia pincushion in English and bloukoolhout in Afrikaans.
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Taxonomy of Isocoma (Compositae: Astereae). Phytologia 70(2): 69–114 description of I. tehuacana on page 107, distribution map on page 75 Isocoma tehuacana is (was) a subshrub up to 30 cm (1 foot) tall, forming clumps of numerous stems. Stems and leaves are covered with hairs. Each flower head contains about 20 disc flowers but no ray flowers.
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Cheirolophus crassifolius flower head Cheirolophus crassifolius, the Maltese centaury, Maltese rock-centaury or Widnet il-Baħar, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Malta, where it has been the national plant of Malta since 1973. Its natural habitats are cliffs and coastal valleys . It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Each flower head of 2–3½ cm (0.8–1.4 in) in diameter, is subtended by an initially cup-shaped involucre of narrow, strongly overlapping, woolly, rubbery (or cartilaginous) bracts of with a pointy tip with tufts of long, fine hairs. The individual flower bud is a straight, pale green, 1½–1¾ cm (0.60–0.67 in) long tube, brown opposite the anthers, set with long straight silky hairs. When the flower opens, a tube of ½ cm (0.2 in) long remains, while the four lobes curl back when the flower opens, which are initially cream and later get flushed pink. The style is 21–25 mm (0.83-0.98 in) long, is narrower towards the tip and slightly bend towards the center of the flower head, pale at the base and carmine pink towards the tip.
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Towards the tip, there are five to fourteen blunt, reddish, thickened teeth. The globe-shaped flower heads are about 3 cm (1¼ in) in diameter, sit on a stalk of 1½–3 cm (⅝–1¼ in) long, with three to six together near the end of the branches. Each flower head is subtended by an involucre consisting of ovate bracts with a pointy tip of ¾–1 cm (0.28–0.40 in) that are cartilaginous, thickly covered with densely matted woolly hairs and with a tuft of very short straight hairs at the tip, tightly overlapping, pressed against the underside of the flower head. The common base of the flowers in the same head is somewhat variable in shape, skewed cone-shaped to egg-shaped, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) long and about 5 mm wide.
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Petals: Bright yellow petals, with 18-30 per flower head being 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The flowers have a yellow centre borne on leafy slender stalks (Cunningham et al. 1992). Leaves: Oblong leaves that are between 10-65 mm long and 7-15 mm in width. Seeds: Obovate, flat and warty on each face, 2-3 mm long.
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The non-native flower head weevil Rhinocyllus conicus has the potential to damage the thistle; it was purposely introduced to North America in an attempt to control various species of invasive thistles which are noxious weeds, including musk thistle.Gardner, K. T., et al. A survey for Rhinocyllus conicus and its impacts on the endangered Sacramento Mountains thistle (Cirsium vinaceum). New Mexico State University.
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The erect stems are up to 15 centimeters (8 inches) in height and each hold a single flower head less than a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide. The head has a center of yellow disc florets and a fringe of 20-25 ray florets which may be blue, purple, or pink.Flora of North America, Erigeron elegantulus Greene. Volcanic daisy Greene, Edward Lee 1895.
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The flower head is approximately 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, with yellow ray florets and which grows with an "airy habit." The leaves are pinnately lobed or scalloped. In areas that freeze, the flowers bloom at night from spring until frost. When the plant freezes, it will "seem to disappear" with the roots alive, but dormant in the soil.
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Pakistan Journal of Botany 43(5): 2259–2268 Lactuca orientalis is a branching subshrub up to 60 cm tall. Leaves are both on the stem and also clustered in a circle around the base. The plant produces one flower head per branch, each head with 4–5 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.Flora of China, Lactuca orientalis (Boissier) Boissier, 1875.
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The inflorescences pass through three colour phases, being initially yellow, then pink, then finally red, before falling away from the head. One to three follicles develop from fertilised flowers, and remain embedded in the woody base of the flower head. Each follicle bears one or two seeds. The cotyledon leaves are a dull green with no visible nerves or markings.
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In 1999 it was reported that Queanbeyan Nature Reserve protected some 10,000 specimens of Button wrinklewort. however the present number is likely to be closer to 27,000. Button wrinklewort is a multi-stemmed perennial forb which produces multiple flowering stems high during spring and summer. Each flower- head is on an individual short stalk and consists of numerous very small clustered yellow flowers.
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L. praecox differs from its nearest relatives by the broadly cone-shaped base of the flower head (or receptacle), the inverted egg-shaped to broadly wedge-shaped leaves with six to eleven teeth near the tip, the finely powdery perianth, with its basal tube inflated, the 3.8–4.8 cm long style tipped by a narrowly cone-shaped pollen presenter with a pointy tip.
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Munz' tidytips, Layia munzii, is an annual herb producing an erect or trailing glandular stem up to about half a meter tall. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped and sometimes lobed. The flower head has a base of rough-haired, glandular phyllaries. The face has a fringe of yellow ray florets tipped with white and yellow disc florets with purple anthers.
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This cushion plant is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and branching caudex. It grows up to 14 centimeters tall, with several to many thick, hairy stems. The hairy leaves are lance-shaped to spatula-shaped and the edges are lined with large, sharp teeth tipped with bristles. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with narrow, white-tipped phyllaries.
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The inflorescence is long, and around in diameter. When young they are obovoid and obtuse in shape. The flower head contracts toward the base, this constricted part is a peduncle up to long, formed of scaly stipes. The involucral bracts are arranged in a series of nine to ten rows, and are ciliate (fringed with a hairs like an eyelash).
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Erigeron lanatus is a small perennial herb growing just a few centimeters tall. The leaves are mostly basal, each roughly lance-shaped and up to 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) long. They are coated in loose, woolly fibers. The inflorescence is made up of one flower head with white or purple-tinged ray florets measuring about 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) long.
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Grindelia camporum is a gangly perennial topping 2 m (6 ft.) in maximum height. Its erect, branching stems are lined with many stiff, wavy-edged, serrated leaves 2 to 3 cm long. Atop the stem branches are inflorescences of a single large flower head up to 3 cm wide. The head is a vaguely thistlelike cup of green clawlike phyllaries that bend downward.
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The hairy, glandular stem grows from a woody caudex and branches several times. The green leaves are up to about a centimeter long and are glandular and bristly. The tiny flower head is 1 or 2 centimeters wide with white or pinkish ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. Each head has a base of pointed purple-tipped greenish phyllaries.
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The flower head is large with woolly lance-shaped phyllaries each over a centimeter (0.4 inches) long. The center of the head is packed with a large number of tiny deep yellow disc florets. This is surrounded by 22–40 yellow ray florets, each ray up to two centimeters (0.8 inches) long.Flora of North America, Hulsea californica Torrey & A. Gray . 1858.
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One group which is well-supported by molecular data is subgenus Dracunculus. It consists of 80 species found in both North America and Eurasia, of which the best-known is perhaps Artemisia dracunculus, the spice tarragon. Dracunculus Besser. has historically been characterized morphologically by a heterogamous flower head with female outer florets and hermaphrodite central florets, but with a female-sterile, glabrous receptacle.
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Orochaenactis thysanocarpha is an annual herb producing a slender, often branching stem up to about 25 centimeters tall. It is coated thinly to densely in hairs, often glandular. The narrow leaves are generally linear in shape and up to 4 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a small flower head lined with purple phyllaries nested in a cluster of leaflike bracts.
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Carlquistia muirii is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming clumps or mats of stems with hairy green pointed leaves up to about 4 centimeters long. Leaves are arranged oppositely on the lower stem, and alternately higher up. The inflorescence is usually made up of a solitary glandular flower head on an erect stalk. The head contains many yellow disc florets but no ray florets.
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Phytologia 68(4): 303–332 distribution map on page 317 Grindelia hintoniorum is a small perennial herb with numerous stems arising from the base but unbranched above ground, each stem up to tall. The plant produces only one flower head per flower stalk, each head about wide. Each head has 19-34 ray flowers surrounding many disc flowers.Nesom, G.L. 1990.
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Phytologia 68(4): 307 distribution map on page 307 Grindelia macvaughii grows in grasslands and pastures, often with desert shrubs. It is a biennial or perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. The plant usually produces one flower head one per flower stalk. Each head has 15-20 ray flowers, surrounding a large number of tiny disc flowers.
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It produces one or more erect stems from a woody caudex. The serrated (toothed) leaves are 10 to 13 centimeters (4.0-5.2 inches) long around the middle of the plant and smaller higher on the stem. One plant will produce 25-50 bell-shaped flower heads. Each flower head usually contains one yellow ray floret and 4-5 disc florets.
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Leaves are green or purplish, up to 18 centimeters (7.2 inches) long. The plant produces a flower stalk with one single flower head or a flat-topped array of several heads. The head has rows of phyllaries that may be very bristly, and the head is egg-shaped when still closed. Each head contains 8-30 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.
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Leaves are larger than those of most related species, up to long, each with 3 or 5 prominent veins running the length of the leaf. The plant usually produces only one yellow flower head per stem, nodding (hanging). Each head contains 8-21 bright yellow ray flowers surrounding numerous yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Helianthella quinquenervis (Hooker) A. Gray, 1883.
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Leaves are up to long, each with 3 prominent veins running the length of the leaf. The plant usually produces only one yellow flower head per stem, though sometimes 2 or 3, the heads not nodding (hanging). Each head contains 11-21 bright yellow ray flowers surrounding numerous yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Helianthella uniflora (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray, 1842.
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The hart-leaf pincushion can be distinguished by its low creeping habit, the entire, oval leaves with a pointy tip and heart-shaped foot acute leaves, the short 2–2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) long styles that are strongly curved toward the center of the flower head, the cone-shaped pollen presenter that is at a small angle with the style.
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7: 287. 1840. The inflorescences at the tip of the slender stem holds clusters of nodding flower heads, each just over a centimeter long and lined with greenish phyllaries with curling tips. The bell-shaped flower head holds a spreading array of 20 to 40 disc florets. The fruit is a hairy cylindrical achene about 4 millimeters long with a pappus of bristles.
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The inflorescences hold solitary flower heads, each about 2.4 centimeters long and lined with woolly gray-green to grayish purple phyllaries. Each flower head holds an array of about 60 red, yellowish, or grayish disc florets. The fruit is a hairy cylindrical achene about a centimeter long with a pappus of bristles.Flora of North America, Brickellia incana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts.
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The inflorescence is made up of one or two flower heads, sometimes more. Each flower head is somewhat cylindrical or bullet-shaped, measuring up to about a centimeter long. The head is discoid, containing only disc florets and no ray florets. It is lined with a series of many phyllaries coated thinly in glandular hairs and often streaked with purple-red coloration.
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At the tops of the stems are flower heads one to one and a half centimeters wide and rounded or egg-shaped. At the base of each head is an array of 7 to 9 spiny, pointed bracts up to three centimeters long, and sometimes a few smaller bractlets above. The rounded flower head contains many small white to light purple flowers.
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Each flower head contains eight to twelve individual flowers, with amber-colored styles topped by blackish purple pollen presenters and grey silky perianth lobes. It is endemic to the Fynbos ecoregion of South Africa, being confined to the Kogelberg mountain range. The mace pagoda was twice presumed extinct, but reappeared in its natural habitat from seed, after a wildfire several decades later.
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Leaves higher on the stem are smaller and hairier. The inflorescence is a single flower head or a cluster of up to four. Each bell-shaped head is lined with phyllaries each up to 2 centimeters long. It has many yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of yellow ray florets up to 7 millimeters long; ray florets are occasionally absent.
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They occasionally visit the flowers of Helichrysum arenarium or fly short distances in the sunshine. At night they appear to artificial light sources , even occasionally to baits . The caterpillars live from May to June on Helichrysum arenarium and feed preferably on their flowers, shoot tips and fruit stalks. They like to hide in a whitish web below the flower head.
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The stem and leaves are green or purple-tinged. The inflorescence is a single flower head or a cluster of up to 4 heads. Each head has a lining of pointed phyllaries which are green with orange midnerves. It contains up to 33 white, pinkish, or purple ray florets each about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long, surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
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Pale fleabane Erigeron pallens is a tiny, unbranching perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The leaves are covered with wool. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem, each head with 50–60 white, pink, or purpleray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The plant grows on rocky slopes in sparsely vegetated slopes.
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This wildflower has an erect growth habit and is typically found on heavy soils at elevations less than 100 meters. The flower head is somewhat spherical with a diameter of about 2.5 centimeters.Linda H. Beidleman and Eugene N. Kozloff, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region, University of California Press, Berkeley (2003) The petals are purple gradating to white tips.
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Most of the leaves are clustered around the base of the stems. The plant reproduces by means of stolons, which are horizontal stems running along the surface of the ground, forming new roots and shoots at frequent intervals. Thus the plant can form extensive mats of clones. Each stem usually produces only 1 flower head per stem, though occasionally 2 or 3.
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Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt., threadleaf fleabane Erigeron filifolius is a branched perennial herb up to in height. Leaves are long and thin, often thread-like, up to long. Each stem sometimes produces only 1 flower head per stem, sometimes flat-topped clusters of 10 or more.
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It is an annual herb growing 5 to 35 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of erect leaves; there is no true stem. Each leaf is up to 20 centimeters long and has edges lined in comblike narrow lobes. The inflorescence is borne on an erect, curving, or drooping peduncle. The flower head contains up to 50 flat ray florets.
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It is an annual herb growing up to 60 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of erect leaves; there is no true stem. Each leaf is up to 25 centimeters long and has edges divided into many lobes. The inflorescence is borne on an erect or curving peduncle. The flower head contains up to 100 yellow or orange ray florets.
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The individual flower heads droop at the end of a long or longer stalk. The whorl of bracts at the base of the flower head (involucre) is long. The disk is composed of 8 to 20, usually no more than 10, male (staminate) florets in the center and usually 5 female (pistillate) florets around the margin. The flowers bloom from August–October.
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The behaviour of the workers who forage differs depending on their activity. Those trying to catch flies move quickly from one flower head to the next and pounce on prey when it is found. In comparison, wasps that forage for nectar move slower and spend more time at each flower. Other workers collect pulp from dead wood to use for nest construction.
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The flower head has a base made up of three layers of pointed phyllaries coated in gray or silvery hairs. The head has a fringe of many yellow ray florets each up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long, surrounding many small disc florets of the same color. The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long with a small pappus.
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There are only a few small leaves on the stem, the only species in Florida with that characteristic. One plant usually produces only one flower head, rarely 2 or 3. Each head has with 12-17 yellow ray florets surrounding 100 or more yellow disc florets. The plant grows in wet sites in prairies in coastal beach sands at low elevations.
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The larva emerges and burrows into the flower head where it feeds on the developing seeds. The larva damages the plant by reducing seed production (all of the seeds of diffuse knapweed and 25-100% of spotted knapweed) and the adult does damage by defoliating the plant as it feeds on the leaves prior to flowering.Wilson, L.M., Randall, C.B., 2003.
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This is a very rarely used term. It was defined in the 1966 book, The genera of flowering plants (Angiospermae), as a specific term for a flower head of a plant in the family Asteraceae. However, on-line botanical glossaries do not define it and Google Scholar does not link to any significant usage of the term in a botanical sense.
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Original illustration of Helichrysum pumilum (left) alongside H.milliganii (right) by Joseph Dalton Hooker. Flower head Helichrysum pumilum grows as a low tufted, perennial herb reaching around 10 cm tall. Leaves are linear to spathulate in shape, 15-50mm long and 1-5mm wide with revolute margins. They are grouped in a rosette and arise from the base of the plant.
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The variety spathulatum has shorter, more spathulate leaves, whilst the leaves of var.pumilum are longer and more linear. Arising from the basally sheathing leaves is an inflorescence containing a white, woolly scape with few leaf-like bracts, 20-100mm long. Forming a rosette around the flower head are elliptic to linear shaped bracts, or phyllaries, resembling the look of ray florets.
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Lindheimera texana is a plant that is tall. Leaves on the lower half on the plant are alternate and coarsely toothed, but on the upper half are opposite and smooth on the edges. Each flower head has five bright yellow ray flowers, each with two prominent veins and indented at the tip. The flowers will be at least in diameter.
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This is a perennial herb growing up to 75 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to 35 centimeters in length and wavy, toothed, or lobed along the edges. The inflorescence is borne on an erect peduncle, the flower head containing up to 70 yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a pale body up to a centimeter long.
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Each pinnule is 2 to 7 (rarely 9) mm long and 0.5–1 mm wide and linear or cultrate in shape. The yellow flowers appear from November to February, occasionally as late as April. The yellow flowers are spherical and measure in diameter. they are arranged in panicles or racemes, with 25 to 50 flowers occurring in each flower head.
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It blooms in winter and spring from July to September and produces yellow flowers. Two simple inflorescences are found per axil, the flower heads have a subglobular to ellipsoidal shape and contain 15 to 24 flowers. Each flower head is and has a diameter of . Following flowering linear coiled seed pods form that are up to a length of and wide.
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The inflorescence may contain many flower heads at the end of the stem and near the upper leaves. Each is up to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) wide with spiny bracts at the base. The spiny phyllaries along the sides of the flower head are green with brownish tips. In the head are many flowerss which are generally yellowish, or sometimes purplish or white.
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The glandular leaves are linear in shape and the longest near the base of the plant may reach 15 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a flower head containing up to 30 disc florets. It is lined with purple-edged green phyllaries and contains tubular lavender corollas. This plant grows in Florida scrub habitat on the Lake Wales Ridge of Central Florida.
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The adult plants are killed by wildfires, but the seeds can survive such an event. The flowers are pollinated by birds. The fruits are numerous, studding the base of the dried, old flower head, which itself remains attached to the plant after senescence. The seeds are retained in the fruits for a few years, until they are eventually dispersed by the wind.
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The overall shape of Sedum alfredii leaves measure approximately 1.2 – 3 cm × 0.2 – 0.6 cm. Leaf base is usually wedge shaped and is occasionally characterized by a short branch or shoot. Leaf endpoint of Sedum alfredii is rounded, with a blunted and sometimes notched leaf tip. The flower head of Sedum alfredii measures between roughly 5 and 8 cm in diameter.
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Navarretia prostrata is a petite annual herb sitting prostrate on the ground with a central stem and flower head and radiating stem branches bearing more heads. The hairless leaves are divided into many threadlike lobes. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers surrounded by leaflike bracts. The flowers are just under a centimeter long, their blue or white corollas divided into narrow lobes.
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The flower head of the Drosera peruensis plant is red in color, measures 10 to 18 centimeters long, and has thread-like trichomes. The inflorescence axis is typically 3.5 to 6 centimeters long. The light red sepals are fused together, with each lobe measuring up to 4 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide. The lobes are filled with red trichomes.
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The damage is caused by the larvae and damage generally first shows at a branch fork or leaf. The condition is generally confined to young shrubs or trees. The leaves are skeletonised and the larvae web them together into a shelter that incorporates larval faeces. Larvae can also burrow into the developing flower head, obliterating a crop entirely if left uncontrolled.
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The leaves are linear (long and narrow) and up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long. The inflorescence is made up of clusters of flower heads surrounded by gland-tipped bracts. Each flower head is a hairless bunch of small disc florets and 1 to 4 white to pink ray florets. Each ray floret has three lobes, the middle lobe being narrowest.
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Detail of an individual flower showing the white fruit that the genus is named after. Photo: Tony Rebelo.Leucospermum differs from genera such as Protea, Leucadendron, Mimetes, Diastella, Paranomus, Serruria, and Orothamnus by having the flower heads in the axils of the leaves (although often very near the tip of the branch), small and inconspicuous bracts subtending the head, brightly coloured styles that are straight or curve toward the center of the flower head and extend far from the perianth, giving the flower head the appearance of a pincushion, and large nut-like fruits covered by a pale and soft layer that attracts ants. The style breaks out of the bud at the side facing the rim of the head, and the perianth lobes may stick together with four or three forming a sheath, or roll back individually.
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Gray) E. Greene, pygmy fleabane Erigeron pygmaeus is a very small daisy, rarely exceeding 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) in height. It forms clumps of hairy, glandular foliage with leaves under four centimeters (1.6 inches) in length. The inflorescence consists of a single small flower head with dark phyllaries. Each head contains 20–37 blue or purple (rarely white) ray florets surrounding many golden yellow disc florets .
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Encelia ravenii is a multi−branched perennial shrub, reaching in height. The branches are lined with oval to roughly triangular leaves a few centimeters long, that are gray-green and woolly in texture. The inflorescence is a solitary daisylike flower head in diameter, on a tall, erect peduncle. The head has a center of many yellow disc florets surrounded by up to 25 white ray florets.
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Encelia densifolia is a multi−branched perennial shrub, reaching in height. The branches are lined with dentate, triangular leaves a few centimeters long, that are light green, hairless and smooth in texture. The inflorescence is a solitary daisylike flower head in diameter, on a short, leaved peduncle. The head has a center of many yellow disc florets surrounded by up to 12 yellow ray florets.
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The leaves are deeply lobed with long, stiff spines along the margins. Fine hairs give the plant a greyish appearance. The massive main stem may be 10 cm wide at the base and branched in the upper part. Each stem has a vertical row of broad, spiny wings (conspicuous ribbon-like leafy material), typically 2–3 cm wide, extending to the base of the flower head.
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This is a small annual herb producing several stems just a few centimeters long which are coated in silvery or woolly fibers. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped and up to 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a small, spherical flower head only about half a centimeter wide. It is a cluster of several tiny woolly disc flowers surrounded by leaflike bracts but no phyllaries.
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This is a small annual herb producing several stems a few centimeters long which are coated in thin to thick woolly fibers. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong and under 2 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a spherical flower head no more than half a centimeter wide. It is a cluster of several tiny woolly disc flowers surrounded by leaflike bracts but no phyllaries.
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The inflorescence is a small, spherical flower head less than a centimeter wide located at the tip of the stem or in a leaf axils. It is a cluster of several tiny woolly disc flowers surrounded by leaflike bracts but no phyllaries. Each tiny flower is covered in a scale which is densely woolly with long white fibers, making the developing head appear cottony.
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Atop each stem is a flower head one to one and a half centimeters (0.4-0.6 inches) wide with a yellow center of disc florets and an outer fringe of up to 125 ray florets in shades of bright purple, pink, or white. The rays spread straight out or reflex back from the center.Flora of North America, Erigeron algidus Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1052. 1925.
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It has a thin coating of woolly hairs. The leaves are up to 6 centimeters long and are generally divided into a few leaflets which are subdivided into lobed segments. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head lined with about eight phyllaries which are fused at the base, making the involucre a rounded cup with pointed lobes. There are about 8 golden ray florets.
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The flower heads are quite large – about in diameter. The involucre of the flower head is covered by hairy scales ending with a single grooved thorn. The central flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by insects, while external flowers are sterile; their color varies from white or pink to lilac-purple. The flowering period extends from April through July and the seeds ripen from August through September.
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Layia leucopappa is an annual herb producing a light-colored, glandular stem to a maximum height just over . The leaves are fleshy and hairless except for ciliated edges. Smaller leaves are oval or oblong in shape and the larger ones are lobed and up to about 4 centimeters long. The flower head contains white to cream-colored ray florets and yellow disc florets with yellow anthers.
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The thick, rigid leaves all point upwards, with their apex towards at the sky. The flowers (florets) are clustered together in a structure called a 'pseudanthium', a special type of inflorescence, which is also called a 'flower head'. A mature P. pruinosa can produce up to seventeen of these flower heads in a season. When these inflorescences fully open they release a pleasant, yeasty scent.
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Allium oleraceum1885 Illustration Original book source: Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany Allium oleraceum, the field garlic, is a Eurasian species of wild onion. It is a bulbous perennial that grows wild in dry places, reaching in height. It reproduces by seed, bulbs and by the production of small bulblets in the flower head (similarly to Allium vineale).
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The hairs impart a dusty gray color to the plant. The leaves are linear on the upper stems; the lower portions of the stem have slender, pinnately lobed leaves. ;Inflorescence Flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Both the ray and disk flowers are yellow, with one flower head on each flowering stalk.
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A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 Helenium chihuahuense is a branching annual herb up to 78 cm (31.2 inches) tall with thick rootstocks producing only one stem with a single flower head. The leaves are long, narrow and irregularly lobed. The head is spherical or egg-shaped, with many disc flowers, each yellow with purple tips.
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The leaves occur in a basal rosette, each thick but not fleshy, and scoop-shaped with a few lobes along the edges. The leaves are variable in morphology, especially in northern individuals versus southern. There is generally one flower head per stem. It is between about 1 and 2 centimeters long, somewhat cylindrical, hairy but not glandular, and lined with long, flat, blunt-pointed phyllaries.
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It functions in the same way as Acanthus and many Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae flowers. The bracts at the side of the stem are smaller, those in sight from the side are enlarged, while the leaf that is subtending the flower head aboved forms a brightly coloured hood. When the flowers open, the styles grow longer, break free from the perianth, and are pressed in the overhead leaf.
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It has densely woolly, glandular herbage of thick, serrated, oval-shaped leaves up to long. At the ends of its whitish stems it produces bell-shaped flower heads each about a centimeter long. Each flower head has several rows of white woolly phyllaries and an open end revealing disc florets and longer protruding ray florets. The florets are yellow and may age to red or purple.
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A number of species of Taraxacum are seed-dispersed ruderals that rapidly colonize disturbed soil, especially the common dandelion (T. officinale), which has been introduced over much of the temperate world. After flowering is finished, the dandelion flower head dries out for a day or two. The dried petals and stamens drop off, the bracts reflex (curve backwards), and the parachute ball opens into a full sphere.
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The slightly hairy leaves are several centimeters long and generally oval-shaped, sometimes with small teeth and basal lobes. The inflorescence holds one or more flower heads which are knobby clusters of yellow disc florets but no ray florets. The phyllaries surrounding the flower head are particularly sticky. The fruit is an achene up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) long, not including its pappus hairs.
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The flower head is lined with sticky yellow-green phyllaries and contains several yellowish protruding flowers. The fruit is a hairy achene a few millimeters long with a wispy pappus at the tip. The species grows in sagebrush and woodland habitatFlora of North America, Yellow or sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall C. viscidiflorus contains an unusual m-hydroxyacetophenone derivative, named viscidone, and chromanone derivatives.
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Each plant generally produces only one flower head, with up to 45 pink or lavender ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.Spongberg, Stephen Alex 1973. Rhodora 75: 116-119 diagnosis in Latin, description and commentary in English, full-page line drawing on page 117 The species is named for Swedish botanist Oskar Eric Gunnar Hultén (1894 - 1981), one of the most prolific authorities on Alaskan botany.
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It is an annual herb producing a flowering stem up to about 45 centimeters high. The pinnately lobed linear to lance-shaped leaves are mostly located around the base of the plant. The lobes are generally threadlike to linear. The inflorescence is a flower head borne singly lined with hairy-based phyllaries, usually 20 to 26 or more in 2 to 3 or more series.
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Its base is fused into a tube of long, with a slight bulge at one side, smooth near the top. Perianth tube 7.0- 8.0 mm long. The anthers are atop a very short filament of about 1 mm. The style is 5–5½ cm (2.0–2.2 in) long, and near the upper end quadrangular and strongly bending towards the center of the flower head.
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Microseris campestris is an annual herb growing up to half a meter-1.5 feet tall from a basal rosette of erect leaves; there is no true stem. Each leaf is up to 20 centimeters long and has edges divided into many lobes. The inflorescence is borne on a peduncle arising from ground level. The flower head contains up to 100 white or yellow ray florets.
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Ericameria brachylepis is a bushy shrub growing 100–200 cm (40-80 inches) high with branches covered in thready leaves up to 2.5 centimeters (1.0 inch) long. The inflorescence is a cluster of flower heads, each head lined with phyllaries and resin glands. The flower head contains several yellow disc florets and no ray florets. The fruit is a small achene topped with a white pappus.
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Close-up of flower head showing purple stamen (3 per floret) and feathery stigma (2 per floret) Ligule is short and blunt Timothy grows to tall, with leaves up to long and broad. The leaves are hairless, rolled rather than folded, and the lower sheaths turn dark brown. It has no stolons or rhizomes, and no auricles. The flowerhead is long and broad, with densely packed spikelets.
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Protea caffra (sometimes called the common protea), native to South Africa, is a small tree or shrub which occurs in open or wooded grassland, usually on rocky ridges. Its leaves are leathery and hairless. The flower head is solitary or in clusters of 3 or 4 with the involucral bracts a pale red, pink or cream colour. The fruit is a densely hairy nut.
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Para grass is a vigorous, semi-prostrate perennial grass with creeping stolons which can grow up to long. The stems have hairy nodes and leaf sheaths and the leaf blades are up to wide and long. It roots at the nodes and detached pieces of the plant will easily take root in moist ground. The flower-head is a loose panicle up to long with spreading branches.
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Helichrysum pumilum, commonly known as dwarf everlasting, is a rosette herb from the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Tasmania, where it is commonly found in the West and Southwest of the island state. It is distinctive by its inflorescence, with the flower stalk being densely matted in fine white hairs and the daisy-like flower head having numerous pink or white ray floret-like bracts.
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It is about 6 millimeters long. The female lays glossy, milky white, oval-shaped eggs at the bases of open yellow starthistle flowers. The larva emerges from its egg in a few days and goes inside the flower head, where it feeds on the developing seeds. A larva is capable of destroying all of the seeds inside a given head, with an average reduction of 96%.
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Head displaying florets in spirals of 34 and 55 around the outside The plant has an erect rough-hairy stem, reaching typical heights of . The tallest sunflower on record achieved . Sunflower leaves are broad, coarsely toothed, rough and mostly alternate. What is often called the "flower" of the sunflower is actually a "flower head" or pseudanthium of numerous small individual five-petaled flowers ("florets").
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Chemical structure of helenalin The main constituents of Arnica montana are essential oils, fatty acids, thymol, pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones and flavanone glycosides. Pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpenes constitute 0.2–0.8% of the flower head of Arnica montana. They are the toxin helenalin and their fatty esters. 2,5-Dimethoxy-p-cymene and thymol methyl ether are the primary components of essential oils from both the plant's roots and rhizomes.
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Inkata, Melbourne with similar climates. This is a spiny, glandular, woolly plant, which often looks like it is covered in spiderweb due to its fine tangled fibers. It has a pale stem which may reach a meter in height, and rigid, pointed, very spiny leaves. The flower head has many long, sharp phyllaries that can be up to several centimeters long, and often bend backwards (recurved).
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The fruits remain attached to their common base when ripe, and it is the entire head that breaks free from the plant. One or few seeds germinate inside the flower head which can be found at the foot of plants during their first year. The species flowers between August and October. It is called beetle daisy in English and katoog (cat eye) in Afrikaans.
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This is an annual herb producing an erect stem to a maximum height just over half a meter. The stem and foliage are dotted with dark glandular hairs and the plant is sometimes scented. The thin leaves are linear to oval-shaped, with the lower ones often lobed and approaching 10 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head has a base of green, hairy, glandular phyllaries.
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Prairie Sunflower H. petiolaris has flower heads reminiscent of those of a common sunflower, H. annuus. The fruits of the flowers are known as achenes. The flower head contains 10-30 yellow ray florets, surrounding 50-100 dark red-brown disc florets, and green, lanceolate phyllaries (bracts). The center of the flower has hints of white due to the presence of white hairs on the chaff.
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The leaves are linear in shape and up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long. The inflorescence bears bracts studded with large resin glands and small clusters of flower heads. The hairy, glandular flower head has a center of a few disc florets and one or two white or red triple- lobed ray florets. Each ray floret has three lobes at the tip, the middle lobe being shortest.
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The basal leaves have fleshy oval blades up to 3 or 4 centimeters long borne on petioles, with leaves farther up the stem smaller and simpler. The inflorescence is a single flower head, or occasionally two to five heads. Each is lined with reddish or green phyllaries with green or bluish tips. The head contains many golden yellow disc florets and usually 13 yellow ray florets each roughly a centimeter long.
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In frost-free areas, it will bloom year-round. Around mid-morning, the flowers close or drop. The process of the flower head losing the ray florets is due to a change in temperature: as it gets hotter, the flower begins to turn white and then the ray florets begin to drop, leaving the green disc shape. The plant grows to be about 1–2 feet (30–60 cm) in height.
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The hairy, leathery leaves are oval, up to about long, and usually lined with spiny teeth. The plant produces several flower heads each roughly a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide when open. The flower head is lined with roughly hairy, glandular phyllaries and contains disc florets surrounded with a fringe of tiny yellow ray florets. The fruit is a hairy white achene topped with a pappus of many white or brown bristles.
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The basal leaves have thick, toothed blades up to 4 centimeters long, and those higher on the stem have smaller, more dissected leaves. The inflorescence bears a single flower head or an umbel-shaped array of up to 6 heads. Each head has green to reddish or purplish phyllaries, many disc florets, and often several ray florets. The florets may be most any shade of red, orange, or yellow.
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The flower head is surrounded by fleshy, petal-like appendages called 'involucral bracts'. These bracts have a white woolly indumentum on their outer surface, but their base and the inner surface is coloured a brilliant carmine. This colour pattern is opposite that of most rodent-pollinated proteas, which usually have flower heads with dark outer bract surfaces and a whitish centre. The plant is monoecious, both sexes appear in each flower.
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Arnica venosa is a perennial herb usually producing one or more hairy, glandular stems up to about 50 centimeters tall. There are six to ten pairs of veiny, toothed leaves along the stem, each lance- to oval-shaped and 3 to 7 centimeters long.Hall, Harvey Monroe. 1915. University of California Publications in Botany 6(7): 174–175 The inflorescence bears a single flower head lined with hairy phyllaries.
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Giant hogweed flower head The sap of the giant hogweed plant is phototoxic. Contact with the plant sap prevents the skin from being able to protect itself from sunlight, which leads to phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation. A phototoxic reaction can begin as soon as 15 minutes after contact with the sap. Photosensitivity peaks between 30 minutes and two hours after contact but can last for several days.
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Showing habit; growing close to the sea on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos Alternanthera echinocephala is a much-branched shrub up to tall. Its leaves are arranged oppositely and are narrow and pointed (lanceolate) with untoothed margins, long. The flowers are grouped into somewhat rounded spikes ("heads") about across. Each flower has one large and two small bracts below it, which form the most conspicuous part of the flower head.
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The inflorescence is a single flower head or an array of a few or many heads. The head is hemispherical to bell-shaped and generally no more than a centimeter wide. The head has a center of many golden disc florets and a fringe of 8 to 12 white ray florets each just a few millimeters long. The fruit is an achene, usually with a pappus at the tip.
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Close-up of emerging flower Gaillardia aristata grows in many habitats. It is a perennial herb reaching maximum heights of anywhere between . It has lance-shaped leaves near the base and several erect, naked stems holding the flowers. Each flower head has a center of brownish or reddish purple disc florets and a fringe of ray florets which are about long and yellow to reddish with dark bases.
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The white-haired leaves have oval blades up to 6 centimeters long by 5 wide, with smooth or toothed edges. The inflorescence is borne on a woolly, erect peduncle up to 11 centimeters tall. The flower head is about 2 centimeters wide with yellow ray florets 5 to 7 millimeters long and yellow disc florets in the center. The fruit is a white-woolly cypsela about half a centimeter long.
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Grindelia oolepis, the plains gumweed, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family It is native to the south-central United States, having been found only in the State of Texas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Grindelia oolepis grows in black clay soils. It is a perennial herb up to tall. The plant usually produces only one flower head per stem.
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In the majority of the species the involucral bracts have tough rubbery consistency and are usually softly hairy, overlapping and tightly pressed against the flower head. L. parile, L. tottum and L. vestitum on the other hand have thin, papery bracts. The common base of the flowers that jointly constitute a single flowerhead (called receptacle) varies considerably among species. It may be flat, globe- shaped, pointy conical or blunt cylindric.
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Used as a groundcover, the plant is resistant to droughts and low temperatures above −3 °C. It also resists the lack of light and is a shade lover, but that can negatively affects its color or the quality of the flowers. Self-seeding, it can also be multiplied by cuttings. They also propagate themselves by producing plantlets on the flower head that fall off and grow into independent plants.
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Chaenactis parishii is a subshrub producing a number of erect stems up to 60 centimeters (24 inches) tall which are covered in a white feltlike coat of hairs. The woolly leaves are a few centimeters long and divided into many small lobes. The inflorescence bears flower heads on a tall, erect peduncle. The flower head is lined with grayish woolly phyllaries and contains many white or pink-tinted flowers.
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43, 53–58. also known by the names French artichoke and green artichoke in the U.S., is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as a food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom. The budding artichoke flower-head is a cluster of many budding small flowers (an inflorescence), together with many bracts, on an edible base.
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The flowers arise on naked peduncles with one to three flower heads per plant. Each flower head has a fringe of 15-30 golden yellow ray florets bent backwards from a rounded center of sometimes over 1000 disc florets (yellow toward the base but brown or purple near the tips). The fruit is a tiny, hairy achene a few millimeters long.Flora of North America, Helenium bolanderi A. Gray, 1868.
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Its branchlets lack any hair or are covered with minute soft erect hairs. The many phyllodes are spirally arranged or irregularly whorled. Their dimensions are : 2.5–12 mm long, and 0.4–0.7 mm wide The inflorescences are simple with one globular flower head per axil, with 16 to 27 creamy white or golden flowers. The blackish pods are narrow and about 5 cm long and 7 to 15 mm wide.
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Balsamorhiza macrolepis is a taprooted perennial herb growing erect 20 to 60 centimeters tall. The large lobed leaves are lance-shaped to oval and the largest, generally toward the base of the plant, may approach 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length. They are bright to dull grayish-green and coated in fine hairs. The inflorescence bears a single flower head lined with hairy, glandular phyllaries up to 4 centimeters long.
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The flower head is surrounded by bracts (sometimes mistakenly called sepals) in two series. The inner bracts are erect until the seeds mature, then flex downward to allow the seeds to disperse. The outer bracts are often reflexed downward, but remain appressed in plants of the sections Palustria and Spectabilia. Some species drop the "parachute" from the achenes; the hair-like parachutes are called pappus, and they are modified sepals.
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Each head is supported by a base covered in long, pointed phyllaries that bend back as the head ages and develops fruit. The flower head has a fringe of golden yellow ray florets, each two or three centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) long, and a center filled with curly yellow and brown disc florets. The achene is about half a centimeter (1.25 inches) long.Flora of North America, Helianthus californicus de Candolle 1836.
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Lotus tenellus is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the Canary Islands. Some authors have included L. tenellus in Lotus glaucus, a species found in Madeira and the Salvage Islands. L. leptophyllus may be treated as a synonym of L. tenellus or as a separate species. L. tenellus has yellow flowers, with usually no more than three flowers in each flower head (umbel).
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A ligulate head has all ligulate flowers. When a sunflower family flower head has only disc flowers that are sterile, male, or have both male and female parts, it is a discoid head. Disciform heads have only disc flowers, but may have two kinds (male flowers and female flowers) in one head, or may have different heads of two kinds (all male, or all female). Pistillate heads have all female flowers.
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Erigeron porsildii is an Arctic species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Porsild's Arctic fleabane. It has been found in Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Erigeron porsildii is a perennial herb up to 25 centimeters (10 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves and stems are covered with many hairs The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem.
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Erigeron piperianus is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Piper's fleabane. It has been found only in the state of Washington in the northwestern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron piperianus is a small perennial herb rarely more than 12 centimeters (4.8 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem.
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Coreopsis douglasii is an annual herb producing one or more stems with erect inflorescences growing up to about 25 centimeters tall. The slightly fleshy leaves are located mainly around the base of the stem. They are up to 8 centimeters long and linear in shape or divided into linear lobes.Flora of North America, Coreopsis douglasii' The inflorescence bears a single flower head with a rounded involucre of lance-shaped, pointed phyllaries.
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It is an annual herb growing up to 35 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of erect leaves; there is no true stem. Each leaf is up to 20 centimeters long and has edges which are smooth, toothed, or divided into many lobes. The inflorescence is borne on an erect or curving peduncle arising from ground level. The flower head contains up to 100 orange or yellow ray florets.
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It is a perennial herb growing up to a meter tall with a branching stem. The plentiful leaves are 10 to 50 centimeters long and variable in shape, with smooth, toothed, or lobed edges. The inflorescence is borne on a tall, erect or curving peduncle. The flower head may be 3 centimeters long when in bud and wide when in bloom, bearing up to 100 or more long yellow ray florets.
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Biota of North America 2014 county distribution map Antennaria flagellaris is a petite perennial herb forming a thin patch on the ground no more than 2 centimeters high. It grows from a slender caudex and spreads via thin, wiry, cobwebby stolons. The woolly grayish leaves are one to two centimeters long and generally lance-shaped. The tiny inflorescence holds a single flower head less than a centimeter wide.
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Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Antennaria dimorpha is a small mat-forming perennial herb growing in a flat patch from a thick, branching caudex. The spoon-shaped leaves are up to about a centimeter long and green but coated with long, gray hairs. The erect inflorescences are only a few centimeters tall. Each holds a single flower head lined with dark brown and green patched phyllaries.
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The densely packed leaves at the base of the plant are spoon-shaped with notched tips, woolly on the undersides and about a centimeter long. They are evergreen, remaining on the plant through the seasons. The inflorescence atop each stem bears a single flower head lined with woolly white phyllaries with yellow-green bases. The species is dioecious, meaning that male and female flower heads are borne on separate plants.
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In some regions, people use sugarcane reeds to make pens, mats, screens, and thatch. The young, unexpanded flower head of Saccharum edule (duruka) is eaten raw, steamed, or toasted, and prepared in various ways in Southeast Asia, including Fiji and certain island communities of Indonesia. Sugarcane was an ancient crop of the Austronesian and Papuan people. It was introduced to Polynesia, Island Melanesia, and Madagascar in prehistoric times via Austronesian sailors.
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The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong with smooth, toothed, or spiny edges. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with up to 40 or more lavender or pale blue ray florets, each of which may measure over 3 centimeters in length. Flowering may begin as early as late fall or winter. The fruit is an achene which may be over a centimeter long, including its pappus of bristles.
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Xylorhiza cognata is a woody subshrub with branching stems that may approach in height. They are hairy and glandular when new and lose their hairs with age. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval with smooth, toothed, or spiny 'holly-like' edges.Jepson eFlora: Xylorhiza cognata The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with up to 30 or more pale lavender to pale violet rays surrounding a yellow central disk.
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Layia fremontii is an annual herb growing a nonglandular erect stem to a maximum height approaching 40 centimeters. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are somewhat fleshy, with the lower ones multilobed and approaching 7 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head has a base of phyllaries with fuzzy margins and hairy, bumpy surfaces. Like many other species of tidytips, the ray florets are bright yellow tipped neatly with white.
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It is the earliest offshoot of a lineage that gives rise to the Gippsland waratah (T. oreades) and Monga waratah (T. mongaensis) of southeastern mainland Australia. The perianths of T. truncata are of a single shade of red, whereas those of its mainland relatives are coloured with two distinct shades of red—the surfaces facing the centre of the flower head are a much brighter red than those facing away.
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They measure up to 20 centimeters long at the base of the plant, and are smaller farther up the stem. They are mostly hairless but may have hairs lining the toothed or serrated edges. The inflorescence is a cluster of several flower heads, with clusters containing up to 100 heads. Each flower head contains many yellow disc florets and many narrow yellow ray florets each 3 or 4 millimeters long.
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In the section Diastelloidea all four lobes are free in the upper parts and curl back forming a four-part rim around the top of the tube. The anthers differ little between species of Leucospermum and are usually fused with the tips of the perianth lobes, and filaments cannot be identified, but in the species that constitute the section Brevifilamentum, a filament of 1–1⅛ mm (0.2–0.3 in) long makes the connection between the anther and the lobe. The buds are ripped open along a suture facing away from the center of the flower head by the style that growth in length quickly, eventually reaching a length of , straight or with a curve towards the center of the flower head, in diameter, often narrower nearer to the tip or thread-shaped, mostly identically colored as the perianth. The end of the style is (sometimes only slightly) thickened and holds the pollen that is transferred there just before the bud rips open.
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Leaves on plants grown in fertile soils or in greenhouses can be much more luxurious and more highly dissected (or more finely divided into slender segments) up to x with lobes appearing at fifth whole leaf lengths along the midrib. The plants tip is usually acute with a very small tooth. Leaf edges throughout are dentate or sometimes divided into lobes. :Flowers York groundsel has flower-heads that are more showy than those of its parent groundsel. The flower-head, found at the tips of the plants (apical) appearing in clusters (an inflorescence) usually consists of three to seven florets in a grouped corymb; at first dense and leafy but eventually less dense with peduncles 5 to 20 millimeters (0.2 to 0.8 in) which get longer when fruiting (up to 25 mm (1 in)). The flower-head is broadly cylindrical 10×4 millimeters (0.4×0.16 in), becoming slightly bell shaped) when the bright yellow ray florets open.
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The erect, somewhat hairy, leafless stems usually produce only one flower head (though occasionally 2 or 3) each about a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide. It has a center of many golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of as many as 38 pale to bright yellow or cream-colored ray florets.Jepson Manual Treatment The species grows in open rocky slopes dominated by sagebrush, bitterbrush or juniper.Flora of North America, Erigeron linearis (Hooker) Piper, 1906.
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The blister bush's leaves look like flat-leaved parsley or celery. The mildly glaucous, evergreen foliage is arranged around the heads of the plant's upright branches. Typically a small shrub, the blister bush can reach a maximum height of around 2.5 metres. The flower head has a very green and slightly yellow appearance and is made up of many tiny yellow flowers that occur in large green compound umbels from October to February.
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Layia pentachaeta is an annual herb growing a thick stem up to a meter (3 ft) tall, but often remaining shorter. The stem is coated in glandular hairs whose exudate gives the plant a sharp lemonlike scent. The thin leaves are linear to lance-shaped, with the lower leaves lobed and approaching 11 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head contains white or yellow ray florets and yellow disc florets with yellow anthers.
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It grows in fuzzy patches and clumps of fleshy leaves, each no more than 2.5 centimeters (1 inche) long and somewhat rounded in cross-section. It erects short, hairy stems each holding a single flower head about a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide. The head has a yellow center of disc florets surrounded by white, pink, or bicolored (white with lilac stripe) ray florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron compactus S. F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
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Trifolium hybridum, the alsike clover, is a plant species of the genus Trifolium in the pea family Fabaceae. The stalked, pale pink or whitish flower head grows from the leaf axils, and the trifoliate leaves are unmarked. The plant is up to tall, and is found in fields and on roadsides - it is also grown as fodder (hay or silage). The plant blooms from spring to autumn (April to October in the northern hemisphere).
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These flowers have no sepals, petals, or other parts that are typical of flowers in other kinds of plants. Structures supporting the flower head and other structures underneath have evolved to attract pollinators with nectar, and with shapes and colors that function in a way petals and other flower parts do in other flowers. It is the only genus of plants that has all three kinds of photosynthesis, CAM, C3 and C4.
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The involucre is up to in diameter and consists of a double row of blunt long, almost hairless bracts, with a broad papery margin, which are often flushed red. The outer bracts are elliptical and about wide. The inner bracts are broadly elliptic to inverted egg-shaped and about wide. Each flower head has about ten ray florets with bluish staps of about long and wide with some hairs at the base.
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The lance-shaped to oval leaves are each up to 15 centimeters (8 inches) long and arranged oppositely in pairs around the stem, their bases sometimes fused together. The edges of the leaves generally have tiny widely spaced teeth. The inflorescence is a large dense cluster of many very small flower heads, sometimes over 300 in one cluster. Each flower head contains 0-1 yellow or whitish ray floret and 0-2 yellow disc florets.
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During its whole lifespan, the Smith's blue butterfly uses only two host buckwheat: Eriogonum latifolium and Eriogonum parvifolium. After emerging in August or September, adult butterflies mate and deposit eggs on the flowers of these host plants. Hatching transpires soon afterward, and the larvae begin to feed on the flowers of the very same plant. The larvae have chewing mouthparts to feed on the host's flower petals as well as seeds in the flower head.
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Flower heads vary in colour with species; most are red, but some are yellow, green, orange or white. Each flower head produces a profusion of triple-celled seed capsules around a stem (see picture) which remain on the plant with the seeds enclosed until stimulated to open when the plant dies or fire causes the release of the seeds. A few species release the seeds annually. Bottlebrush plants can be grown in pots.
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Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 and the southern Great Plains of the United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaillardia suavis grows in limestone or sandy soils in prairies, desert scrub, or open juniper woodlands. It is a perennial herb up to tall, with leaves crowded around the base rather than borne on the stem. Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long.
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Leaves are sensitive and fold up when touched and at nightfall. Flowers are mauve or pink, in tight, subglobose pedunculate heads 1 cm in diameter, each containing approximately 100 flowers. Each flower head produces a cluster of 10 to 20 seedpods, which then mature and break into segments, each containing an oblong shaped seed. Hairs on the segments allow them to float on water and stick to hair or clothing, hence aiding in dispersal.
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Close-up of flowers The annual species is erect, many branched, forming fields of plants up to 400 mm (15 or 16 inches) in height. The leaves of Brachyscome iberidifolia are fully divided, each having long and narrow segments from the midrib. The ray florets are varied in colour, white through pink and blue to violet. The typical daisy arrangement is seen in the flower head, which appear between August and May in endemic examples.
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This character can best be seen by cutting a flower head lengthwise in two equal halves. The individual flowers are subtended by a bract (or bracteole) that is wooly at its foot and softly hairy or hairless near the tip. Sometimes it grows on while the flower is in bloom and eventually becomes woody. While still in the bud, the perianth is a tube of 1½–5½ cm (0.6–2.2 in) long.
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This native thistle may exceed a meter in height and sometimes forms a mound with fleshy, ridged stem branches. The leaves are deeply cut into lobes, toothed and wavy along the edges, the lowest leaves approaching 30 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a tight cluster of flower heads, each up to 3 or 4 centimeters long. The flower head is lined with spiny phyllaries and filled with purple-tinted white flowers with purple anthers.
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Seed head and seeds – MHNT The ray florets have female characteristics, and eventually develop to become thin brown achenes with a marginal wing utilized for wind dispersal. Insect pollinators including bees, butterflies, and skippers help to cross-fertilize flowers to produce seeds. 20 to 30 seeds are created in each flower head. Each seed is about 9 to 15 mm long, 6–9 mm wide, flattened in shape, with a thickness of 1 mm.
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Stems light green or tan mottled in color. The basal leaves have petioles 0–12(–20) cm long and leaf blades typically 3 or 5-nerved, usually linear or lanceolate, rarely ovate, 5–30 cm (2-12 inches) long and 0.5–3.0 cm (0.2-1.2 inches) wide, the margins are normally entire. The flowering stems or peduncles are 20–50 cm (8-20 inches) long ending usually with only one flower head.
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They possess a perianth (each composed of five petals and sepals in separate whorls), The internal surface of the corolla are yellow to orange and sweet-smelling. They are frequently partly fused together, forming a long corolla tube tipped with the individual lobes of the petals. The flowers are bisexual, with 5 short and separate stamens attached to the perianth. The calyces are also fused together, resulting in the spherical shape of the flower head.
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Hymenoxys texana is an annual herb with delicate reddish or purplish stems growing only 10 or 15 centimeters (4-6 inches) tall. The leaves have rubbery, glandular blades which may be simple or divided into lobes, particularly at mid-stem. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or an open cluster of several heads. Each head is under a centimeter wide and has 6 to 8 yellow ray florets each 2 or 3 millimeters long.
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Each flowerhead of 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) in diameter. The style is yellow in colour, long, straight or slightly bend towards the center of the flower head. The pollen-presenter, a thickening at the tip of the style (comparable with the "head" of the pin), is cylindric in shape with a blunt end, long, initially carrying bright yellow pollen. The stigma is a transverse groove at the very tip of the pollen-presenter.
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Lasthenia burkei is an erect annual herb producing hairy stems with sparse linear or deeply divided, narrow, pointed leaves a few centimeters long. Atop the stem is an inflorescence, which is a flower head with a base of hairy phyllaries. The head contains many yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of several short ray florets, which are usually also yellow. The fruit is a hairy, club-shaped achene less than 2 millimeters long.
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In irregular flowers, other floral parts may be modified from the regular form, but the petals show the greatest deviation from radial symmetry. Examples of zygomorphic flowers may be seen in orchids and members of the pea family. In many plants of the aster family such as the sunflower, Helianthus annuus, the circumference of the flower head is composed of ray florets. Each ray floret is anatomically an individual flower with a single large petal.
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Erigeron acomanus is a small perennial her rarely more than 15 centimeters (6 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Each plant generally produces only one flower head, with 16–30 white ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.Erigeron acomanus Spellenberg & P. J. Knight, Acoma fleabane Spellenberg, Richard William & Knight, Paul J. 1989. Madroño 36(2): 115–120 The species is named for the Native American community called Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico.
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It is also used as a mild laxative and has an anti- inflammatory and bactericidal effect . Research with animals suggests antispasmodic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and some antimutagenic and cholesterol-lowering effects for chamomile. As well chamomile was found to be effective in treating stomach and intestinal cramps. The chamomile oil can be processed into pills, but the flower head can also be used as a whole to make use of the beneficial effect.
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It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing 30 to 70 centimeters tall with many large serrated leaves around the base of the stem on winged petioles. There are smaller lance-shaped leaves alternately arranged along the stem. The inflorescence is generally a large, solitary flower head which may exceed 8 centimeters in diameter. It has a fringe of 20 to 30 white ray florets around a center of many densely packed yellow disc florets.
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Agnorhiza reticulata is a perennial herb producing a hairy, glandular, sticky- textured stem growing 40 to 70 centimeters tall, at times reaching 1 meter (3 ft.). The leaves have triangular or lance-shaped blades up to 15 centimeters long.Flora of North America, Agnorhiza reticulata The inflorescence is a usually solitary sunflowerlike flower head with up to 21 yellow ray florets measuring up to 2.5 centimeters long. At the center are yellow disc florets.
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The foliage and stem may be hairless to quite woolly. The daisy-like flower head is generally at least 1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches) wide, with a center of 50–125 thick golden disc florets and a shaggy fringe of 9–12 golden ray florets.Flora of North America, Hymenoxys lemmonii (Greene) Cockerell, 1904. Lemmon’s rubberweed or bitterweed The species is named for John Gill Lemmon, husband of prominent American botanist Sarah Plummer Lemmon.
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It produces narrow, pointed leaves with two lateral lobes that form a trident shape. The foliage and stem are glandular and waxy, usually with a thin coat of light- colored hairs. The daisy-like flower head is a cup of fused phyllaries with 30–150 tiny yellow-orange disc florets surrounded by 9–14 bright yellow ray florets, each ray about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long.Flora of North America, Hymenoxys cooperi (A.
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As with other Men of Bree, Butterbur's surname is taken from a plant—the herbaceous perennial Petasites hybridus. Tolkien described the butterbur as "a fleshy plant with a heavy flower-head on a thick stalk, and very large leaves." He evidently chose this name as appropriate to a fat man; he suggested that translators use the name of some plant with "butter" in the name if possible, but in any event "a fat thick plant".
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Layia heterotricha is an annual herb producing a thick, erect stem to a maximum height near 90 centimeters. The stem and foliage are covered thinly in dark glandular hairs and the plant has a scent similar to apples or bananas. The leaves are oval- shaped, fleshy, and sometimes slightly toothed. The flower head contains white to pale yellow ray florets each up to 2.5 centimeters long, and many yellow disc florets with yellow anthers.
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This Perennial plant has a woody base and long stem that reaches a height between 80 and 100 cm (27.5 and 39.3 inches). The plant is covered with dense short hairs, giving a greyish-white appearance to the plant. The leaves are somewhat fleshy and appear green above and greyish-white below, with old leaves persisting at the base. C. gymnocarpa Flowers in May, producing tiny pink flowers in a compact flower head.
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Each flower head has 5 to 8 ray florets and 5 to 9 disc florets; the ray florets have laminae 2–3 mm long and 0.75 mm wide, and the disc florets have corollas 3–3.5 mm long. The seeds are produced in fruits called cypselae which are 2 mm long and have moderately short-strigose hairs. The fruits are topped with silky hair-like pappi 2–3 mm long. Online at efloras.
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The inflorescence is a series of dense clusters of flower heads surrounded by long, narrow bracts covered in obvious bulbous glands. The sticky, glandular flower head has a center of several disc florets surrounded by a few white, yellow, or red ray florets. Each ray floret has three lobes at the tip, the middle lobe being shortest. The fruit is an achene; those developing from the disc florets have a pappus of scales.
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Mimosa pudica flower from Thrissur, Kerala, India Flower Mimosa pudica folding leaflets inward. Mimosa pudica seeds Mimosa pudica with mature seed pods on plant Mimosa pudica seedling with two cotyledons and some leaflets. The whole plant of Mimosa pudica includes thorny stem and branches, flower head, dry flowers, seed pods, and folded and unfolded leaflets The stem is erect in young plants, but becomes creeping or trailing with age. It can hang very low and become floppy.
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The central disc florets of the flower head tend to be more red-violet, with the outer ray florets being yellow. In one variety, almost the entire flower is red, with only the barest tips of the petals touched with yellow. It blooms practically year-round in some areas, but more typically in summer to early fall. The fruit is an achene, almost pyramidal, hairy, and prolonged by a pappus 5 to 8 mm in length.
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Baloskion longipes, common name dense cordrush, is a dioecious perennial herb in the Restionaceae family, found in southeastern New South Wales. It has cauline sheaths which usually have a few very short hairs on the margins. The culms are erect and about 90–150 cm high and 2–2.5 mm in diameter. The spikelets on the lower part of the flower head are not crowded, but borne on fine branches, which may be several centimetres long.
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Plants in the genus Olearia are small or large woody shrubs characterised by a composite flower head arrangement with single-row ray florets enclosed by small overlapping bracts arranged in rows. The flower petals are more or less equal in length. The centre of the bi-sexual floret is disc shaped and may be white, yellowish or purplish, generally with 5 lobes. Flower heads may be single or clusters in leaf axils or at the apex of branchlets.
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This is an annual herb growing a glandular but unscented stem to a maximum height near half a meter. The fleshy leaves are linear to lance-shaped, with the lower ones often having lobes and reaching near 7 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head has an urn- shaped base of rough, hairy phyllaries. The face has a fringe of yellow ray florets with white tips and a center of yellow disc florets with purple anthers.
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The small leaves are oval to heart-shaped, toothed along the edges, and generally under two centimeters long.Flora of North America, Brickellia nevinii A. Gray The shrub flowers in clusters of flower heads each about 1.5 centimeters long. The head is cylindrical to conical and wrapped in layers of gray woolly phyllaries whose tips curl out from the flower head. The head contains around 23 dull white to reddish-tinted yellow disc florets that stick out from the tip.
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It is a shrub which has numerous stems and grows up to 1.5 metres high, often less. The plant blooms mainly from January to March. This species is monoecious with both sexes in each flower. The flowers are grouped together in a tight-packed inflorescence ('flower-head'), surrounded by petal-looking bracts, which is 6–9 cm in diameter, and is coloured creamy- white, often tinged with pink at the tips of the innermost bracts and the flowers.
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There may be shorter leaves on the lower part of the stem and there are few or none on the upper part. The inflorescence is a wide open array of many flower heads, each up to about a centimeter wide. The flower head is lined with hairy, often glandular phyllaries and filled with many yellow ray florets and no disc florets. The fruit is a small, dark cylindrical achene topped with a pappus of brown bristles.
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If we consider only those flowers which consist in a single flower, rather than a flower head or inflorescence, we can group the flowers into a relatively small number of 2D symmetry groups. Monocots are identifiable by their trimerous petals, thus monocots often have rotational symmetry of order 3. If the flower also has 3 lines of mirror symmetry the group it belongs to is the dihedral group D3. If not, then it belongs to the cyclic group C3.
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The Old World species which different classifications put into the genus or subgenus Seriphidium consist of about 125 species native to Europe and temperate Asia, with the largest number of species in Central Asia. Some classifications, such as that of the Flora of North America, exclude any New World plants from Seriphidium. They are herbaceous plants or small shrubs. Seriphidium Besser was morphologically categorized by a homogamous flower head with all hermaphrodite florets and fertile and glabrous receptacle.
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The fruits remain attached to their common base when ripe, and it is the entire head that breaks free from the plant. One or few seeds germinate inside the flower head which can be found at the foot of plants during their first year. The species flower between August and October, except for G. warmbadica that blooms mostly in May and June. The species of the genus Gorteria can be found in Namibia and South Africa.
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The base of the flower head (or receptacle) is flat and lacks a bract directly at the base of the floret. The corolla of the florets is pinkish purple when still in bud, but turns pinkish white at flowering, at which time it is about high. These are hermaphrodite, star-symmetric (or actinomorphic), and have five narrow outwards oriented lobes. The five pinkish purple anthers are fused into a long tube, that initially covers the entire style.
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Erigeron pringlei is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Pringle's fleabane. It has been found in only in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron pringlei is a perennial herb up to 16 centimeters (6.4 inches) tall, producing a thick underground woody caudex. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem but sometimes 2 or 3.
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Erigeron denalii is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name Denali fleabane. It is found in Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, and Northwest Territories.Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Erigeron denalii is a very short perennial herb rarely more than 5 cm (2 inches) tall. Each stem generally has only one flower head, with 30–55 white or lavender ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
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Calflora taxon report, Erigeron supplex A. Gray, supple daisy, supple fleabane Erigeron supplex grows in the scrub of coastal bluffs and grasslands. This is a perennial herb producing an unbranched, hairy, erect stem up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall. It is surrounded at the base by oval-shaped leaves several centimeters long. The inflorescence is generally a single flower head one or two centimeters (0.4–0.8 inches) wide containing yellow disc florets but no ray florets.
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Erigeron evermannii is a very short perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) in height, sprouting from the roots and hence forming a sizable clump of many shoots crowded together. Most of the leaves are close to the ground clustered around the base of the plant. Each stem usually produces only one flower head, with as many as 40 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron evermannii Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mts.
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The mostly lance-shaped leaves are lobed and long near the base of the plant, approaching 30 centimeters (12 inches) in length, and smaller and sometimes unlobed farther up the stem. The inflorescence is an open array of many flower heads, each with pointed phyllaries with thick midribs and thinner, hair-lined edges. Each flower head has 5 to 8 golden yellow ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a narrow, ribbed achene with a whitish pappus.
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Each flower head only produces a few large, hard nut-like seeds, which are collected by ants and stored underground. In the fynbos, where this species grows, fires occur naturally every one or two decades, and few flame pincushions survive. When afterwards the rain carries specific chemicals that are created by the fire underground, the seeds germinate and the species is so "resurrected". The burnt biomass also provides nutrients to the soil which may assist new growth.
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Chaetopappa hersheyi grows to an average of about high, but have been recorded to up to , producing a single flower head. The stem has rigid and ascending hairs usually with 4–6 leaves on it. The leaves are spatulate or lance-shaped and spiny at the tip, they range from long and up to wide. Composed of white ray florets and yellowdisk florets, the flower heads resembles those of the common or lawn daisy, Bellis perennis, in color.
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Mimetes cucullatus is known as common pagoda, red pagoda, common mimetes or red mimetes in English, and rooistompie, or just stompie in Afrikaans. The species name cucullātus is Latin, means "hooded" and refers to the hood-like shape of the leaf that actually subtends the flower head higher up the stem. The name in Afrikaans "stompie" means stump. It may refer to its burt remains after a wildfire, but also to the squarely lopped off stems.
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It uses the scraps to build a chamber in which it pupates for one to two weeks and then leaves the flower head as an adult. Both larva and adult of this species contribute to the damage done to the plant. The larvae eat the seeds in mature flower buds and the adults feed on smaller buds, destroying many. This weevil will readily attack many invasive Centaurea species, but has not been known to damage native flora.
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Broccoflower refers to either of two edible plants of the species Brassica oleracea with light green heads. The edible portion is the immature flower head (inflorescence) of the plant. Broccoli and cauliflower are different cultivars of the same species, and as such are fully cross compatible by hand pollination or natural pollinators. There are two forms of Brassica oleracea that may be referred to as broccoflower, both of which are considered cultivars of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var.
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Erigeron aequifolius is a small perennial herb growing a hairy, glandular stem up to about 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall from a woody caudex and taproot. The small leaves are equal in size and evenly spaced along the stem. The inflorescence is a usually solitary flower head at the tip of the stem. The head contains many yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of ray florets which are white when new and turn blue as they dry.
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Arnica montana, also known as wolf's bane, leopard's bane, mountain tobacco and mountain arnica, is a moderately toxic ethnobotanical European flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is noted for its large yellow flower head. The names "wolf's bane" and "leopard's bane" are also used for another plant, aconitum, which is extremely poisonous. Arnica montana is used as an herbal medicine for analgesic and anti-inflammatory purposes, but there is insufficient high-quality clinical evidence for such effects.
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They have a long receptacles which are conical in shape. The flower head is surrounded by petal-like structures called 'involucral bracts', these are glabrous and arranged in a series of nine or ten rows. The outer bracts have somewhat pointy ends, ovate in shape and minutely ciliate (having a fringe of hairs like an eyelash at their margins). The inner bracts are oblong or spathulate-oblong in shape, and are longer than the actual flowers.
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Stems, leaves, and bracts have dense, blackish hairs and exude milky juice when broken. The 1/2 inch (1 centimeter) flower heads appear in tight clusters at the top of the 1 to 3 foot (1/3 to 1 meter) stems with 5 to 40 flowers per cluster. Corollas are all ligulate and bright yellow. Each single flower head is an inflorescence and each petal forms its own seed, making them each a separate flower or floret.
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Normally, the stalk of the plant holds a flower head high above the foliage, raising it to pollenisers. The plant blooms early in the year, between March and April. It also can bloom as early as February, after the spring rains. The large flowers are between in diameter, and come in dark shades ranging from dark brown or burgundy through to dark violetElsa Sattout (UNESCO Office Cairo and Regional Bureau for Science in the Arab States) or dark purple.
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This is a petite annual herb producing a short, glandular stem along the ground or somewhat upright to a maximum length of about 18 centimeters. The fleshy green leaves are oval in shape, with the larger ones roughly lobed and up to 4 or 5 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is borne on a short peduncle. The flower head has a base of overlapping green phyllaries which form a cup to hold several small white ray florets.
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Calycadenia oppositifolia is an annual herb producing an erect, unbranching, hairy stem approaching 30 centimeters (12 inches) in maximum height. The leaves are linear in shape and up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long, arranged oppositely about the stem. The inflorescence bears bracts coated in large resin glands and dense clusters of flower heads. The hairy, glandular flower head has a center of several disc florets surrounded by a few white or reddish triple-lobed ray florets.
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The leaves that subtend the flower heads are inverted fiddle-shaped in outline, folded backwards from the midline out, and during flowering are scarlet in the upper parts, gradually turning through yellowish to green at the base or entirely yellowish with a green base or softly orange. The inflorescence that consists of many flower heads in the axils of the highest leaves on the stem is cylindric in shape and 6–10 cm (2½–4 in) long and 4–7 cm (1⅔–2 in) in diameter, topped by a tuft of smallish, more or less upright, narrowly egg-shaped, scarlet coloured leaves. Each flower head contains four to seven flowers and is subtended by a leaf that is fiddle-shaped in outline and the side bent away from the stem as to cowl over the lower flower head. These leaves are mostly scarlet with some yellow and green at the very base or more rarely entirely yellow with the very base green, while intermediate soft orange forms also occur in the same populations.
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It has hypogynous scales which are 1mm in length and oval-oblong in shape. The style is long, broadened and very much compressed (flat) for about 6.4mm from the base, and after this portion becoming very constricted, subulate and bending strongly -this slender portion is glabrous and arches inward, but with an oblique angle, thus not towards the centre of the flower head but aiming somewhat behind the centre. The stigma is 3.5mm long and has an obtuse (blunt) end.
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Redray alpinegold The leafy inflorescence produces many flower heads also completely covered in small glandular hairs. The green, lance- shaped phyllaries are over a centimeter (0.4 inch) long. The center of the flower head is filled with many yellow disc florets, while the edge is fringed with 28–75 narrow, thready red-orange to reddish pink ray florets each up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) long. The fruit is a hairy achene 6 to 8 millimeters (0.24-0.32 inches) long.
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Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 180 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae. The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word (astḗr), meaning "star", referring to the shape of the flower head.
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The inflorescence is a usually solitary sunflower- like flower head with a base up to 6 centimeters wide lined with several ray florets, each of which are 2 to 6 centimeters long. The yellow ray florets extend outwards and then become reflexed, pointing back along the stem. The disc florets filling the button-shaped to conical to cylindrical center of the head are greenish yellow. The fruits are achenes each about half a centimeter long tipped with a pappus of scales.
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A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 Helenium apterum is an perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall with thick rootstocks producing only one stem with a single flower head. Leaves at the base can be up to 30 cm (1 foot) long, the leaves higher on the stem much smaller. The head is about 4 cm (1.6 inches) across, with a hemispherical yellow disc surrounded by about 14 yellow ray flowers.
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Eriophyllum congdonii is an annual herb growing mostly erect with branching stems up to 30 centimeters (1 foot) long. The woolly, whitish leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters (0.4-1.6 inches) long and may have a few shallow lobes.Brandegee, Townshend Stith 1899. Botanical Gazette 27(6): 449–450 as 'Eriophyllum Congdoni The inflorescence consists of one flower head containing many glandular yellow disc florets surrounded by 8 to 10 yellow ray florets each 3 to 5 millimeters (0.12-0.20 inches) long.
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The species assigned to the section Leucospermum are sometimes called sandveld pincushions. Among it are both upright, spreading and creeping shrubs, and leaf-shapes vary from line- to egg- and wedge-shaped, but they all have felty hairy leaves, even when aged. The bud is usually straight, always with a sweet scent and colored brightly yellow. In the open flower, the three perianth lobes at the side of the center of the flower head remain attached, while the remaining lobe is free.
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They are borne on petioles with winged, spiny margins, some spines exceeding a centimeter in length. The inflorescence produces one or more flower heads, each up to 3 centimeters long by 5 wide, wispy with cobwebby fibers, and lined with very spiny phyllaries. The flower head is packed with dark purplish-pink flowers up to about 2.5 centimeters in length. The fruit is an achene with a dark brown body about half a centimeter long and a pappus about 1.5 centimeters long.
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Mines of a larva in a leaf The moths fly from May to October depending on the location and are active at dusk and night. This species has two generation a year, in June and in late July–September. The larvae feed on coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and sometimes also butterbur (Petasites species). The larvae of the spring generation feed in the stem from the base up to the receptacle of the flower head, with pupation taking place either there or on a leaf.
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The inflorescence holds one or more flower heads, and each plant may have many inflorescences growing along the full length of the stem. The flower head has a cup of long, pointed phyllaries holding an array of bright yellow ray florets each one to two centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) long around a center of yellow to dark purple or reddish disc florets. The achene is 3 to 5 millimeters (0.12-0.20 inches) long.Flora of North America, Helianthus exilis A. Gray, 1865.
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Unlike the most familiar Monarda species that have a single flower head on a stem, Monarda punctata has flowers that are stacked up the stem with bracts radiating from the stem, under each flower. Varying in color from light pink to white, the bracts are ornamental longer than the flowers, whereas the flowers (yellow with brown spots) are visible only at close range. Monarda Punctata specimen from Kent Park, Iowa. Found in a sandy section of soil on a hill.
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The leaves are lance-shaped, up to 8 centimeters long, and coated in silky hairs. The plant produces an inflorescence up to about 15 centimeters tall consisting of a solitary flower head which is cylindrical to somewhat bell-shaped. The head is enclosed in the fused outer scales of the flowers, which look similar to the phyllaries of many other species' flower heads. The head contains many yellow disc florets up to a centimeter long each, and no ray florets.
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There are 4-21 flowers arranged in a loose raceme on the upper part of the stem, with rounded pinkish purple flower heads on stems. Each flower head has 30-100 five-lobed, tubular flowers surrounded by spoon-shaped bracts (phyllaries) with translucent, jagged, and often purple edges that fold inward. Each flower has a long, thread-like, divided style protruding from the center. The fruits (cypselae) are long, each with a ring (pappus) of barbed hairs at the top.
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It is set on a very short stalk of ¾−1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is low cone-shaped with a pointy tip, about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and 1½ cm (0.6 in) wide. The pinkish-grey bracts that subtend each flower head are loosely arranged, narrowly lance- to line-shaped, up to 2 cm long, with a long, slightly incurved pointy tip, greyish due to long, spreading, silky hairs.
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Leucospermum saxosum is an upright evergreen shrub of up to high, that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has lance-shaped, leathery leaves and egg-shaped flower heads of about in diameter, with initially yellow-orange flowers, later turning crimson, from which long styles stick out, giving the flower head the appearance of a pincushion. It is called escarpment pincushion in English. It grows on quartzite soils in the mountains on the Zimbabwe- Mozambique border and in eastern Transvaal.
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Bidens frondosa is an annual herb, usually growing to 20 to 60 centimeters (8-20 inches) tall, but it may reach 1.8 meters (72 inches or 6 feet). The stems are square in cross-section and may branch near the top. The leaves are pinnate, divided into a few toothed triangular or lance-shaped leaflets usually 6 or 8 centimeters long, sometimes up to 12. The inflorescence is often a solitary flower head, but there may be pairs or arrays of several heads.
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Larinus minutus is a species of true weevil known as the lesser knapweed flower weevil. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against noxious knapweeds, especially diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed. The adult weevil is dark mottled brown with a long snout. It is long in total. It is active throughout the summer with a 14-week maximum adult lifespan. During this time the female lays up to 130 eggs, depositing them in the knapweed flower head.
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Agoseris retrorsa is a perennial herb forming a base of leaves about a number of erect, thick, wool-coated inflorescences up to half a meter in height. The narrow leaves are linear to lance-shaped, and spearlike with curving toothlike lobes along the edges.Flora of North America, Agoseris retrorsa The inflorescence bears a single flower head which is several centimeters wide when fully open. It is lined with woolly, pointed phyllaries which are green, often with reddish purple longitudinal streaks or stripes.
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He was given military and organisational training and installed as the leader of the fledgling movement known as the Mozambique Resistance, which had been founded by the Rhodesian secret service before the independence of Mozambique in 1975 as an intelligence gathering group on FRELIMO and ZANLA. It was created in Salisbury, Rhodesia under the auspices of Ken Flower, head of the Rhodesian CIO, and Orlando Cristina, a former anti-guerrilla operative for the Portuguese.Andersson 2016, p.52Abrahamsson & Nilsson 1995, p.
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Blepharipappus is a North American plant genus in the daisy family containing the single known species Blepharipappus scaber, known by the common name rough eyelash, or rough eyelashweed.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Blepharipappus scaber Hook., rough eyelashweed Blepharipappus scaber is a small, inconspicuous, annual plant herb to the northwestern United States (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, and northern California).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map It raises slender, fuzzy stems, atop which bloom a daisylike flower head.
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Hill's thistle is a low-growing thistle usually reaching in height, with a taproot system that runs deep into the ground. It is a perennial plant usually living for three years, and flowers in July and August. The plant's leaves are an elliptic-oblong shape with serrated edges, have tiny prickles, and have one central vein with smaller veins branching from it. The top of the stem holds a composite flower head, each consisting of many individual disc florets but no ray florets.
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The blooms are produced at the ends of the erect branches in the winter, mostly in May to July, sometimes extending to September. As the inflorescence begins to bud, the surrounding leaves on the stem below it grow to curve over and around the flower head, enfolding it like those of a cabbage, so as to completely hide it from view. The flowers, or more specifically the nectar, exude an odd, not unpleasant, yeasty odour, with a sweetish scent superimposed.
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Although an inflorescence contains many hundreds of florets, most proteas commonly have an infructescence with only a very low seed set, around 10%, or usually less than two dozen seeds. In this species, however, the seed set was found to be respectively 29% and 18% from two populations (Sneeubergnek, Murray Farm) of which ten and eleven heads were sampled. These two populations had respectively 258 florets per flower head (with a range of 118 to 379), and 393 (338 to 436), on average.
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Two to four glands are found below the center of the phyllode and near the mucro. Yellow to orange globular flower heads of 5-6mm diameter, singular or 2 to 5 in short axillary racemes, sit on sparsely pubescent peduncles 4-10mm long. Each flower head consists of about 20 minute flowers. The seed pods, legumes, are light brown and curved, 5–10 cm long and 5-10mm wide, constricted between the seeds and breaking easily into one-seeded segments.
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Corethrogyne filaginifolia is a robust perennial herb or subshrub producing a simple to multibranched stem approaching in maximum length or height. The densely woolly leaves are several centimeters long and toothed or lobed low on the stem and smaller farther up the stem.Flora of North America: Corethrogyne filaginifolia The inflorescence is a single flower head or array of several heads at the tips of stem branches. The head is lined with narrow, pointed, purple-tipped phyllaries which curl back as the head matures.
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The alternate leaves are typically close to the ground, growing 10–25 cm (4–10 in) long and 6 mm (¼ in) wide, with the upper leaves having long hairs. Each stem has one rose-pink to pale purple flower head, up to 5 cm (2 in) long and 12 mm (½ in) wide, with 10–20 ray flowers that conspicuously droop. The 2.5 cm (1 in) cone-shaped center containing the disc florets is purplish-brown on the outside and greenish toward the center.
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The large flower heads are set individually at the end of flower stalks of up to 1 cm (0.4 in) long, covered in dense long woolly hair. Surrounding each flower head are three to four rows of unruly arranged bracts (or phyllaries) that together form the so-called involucre, which is up to in diameter. These bracts are lance-shaped, about wide, and of varying length. The outer bracts are long-haired, about long, the inner eventually hairless, about long.
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This is an aromatic annual herb producing an erect stem up to a meter-3 feet tall coated in dark glandular hairs. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped, and the lower ones are lobed or toothed and approach 10 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head has a nearly rounded base of fuzzy green phyllaries. It opens into a face fringed with bright yellow ray florets which are sometimes tipped with white, and a center of disc florets with purple anthers.
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L. secundifolium can be distinguished from other species by its upright, eventually hairless rounded and narrowly elliptic leaves with a distinct stalk and its very small (1–1½ cm across) and few flowered heads. A unique feature among Leucospermum species is that the bracteoles that subtend the individual flowers become woody after flowering. This character is shared with the species of the genus Vexatorella, but in vexators, the individual flower head, or panicle of heads, is at the very tip of the stem.
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This is an annual herb growing a small glandular stem to a maximum height of about 20 centimeters. The thin leaves are generally lance-shaped, but the larger leaves on the lower part of the stem are usually lobed. Unlike other Layia species, which are known for their prominent white or yellow ray florets, Layia discoidea has no ray florets or real phyllaries. The flower head is a cluster of many deep yellow disc florets with a base of bractlike scales.
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Seed maturity can be predicted by the colour of the flower head, the bright brown immature fruits turning black at maturity. At this stage they are ready for use in food preparation. Gahnia grandis is resistant to disease caused by the water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi, but is highly flammable. Many species in the family Cyperaceae, including cutting grass, are considered important as food sources and safe habitat for native birds, such as the currawong, native insects, moths, and butterflies, such as the chaostola skipper (Antipodia chaostola leucophaea).
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Psilocarphus brevissimus is a small, woolly annual herb growing just a few centimeters tall with a branching stem or multiple stems. The small, gray-green leaves are erect, pointing up parallel to the stem and sometimes appressed to it. The inflorescence is a small, spherical flower head which is a cluster of several tiny woolly disc flowers surrounded by leaflike bracts but no phyllaries. Each tiny flower is covered in a scale which is densely woolly with long white fibers, making the developing head appear cottony.
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Hardly 20% are herbaceous perennials, which are often in the sections Dracontium and Neodetris. Another 20% consists of annuals, many of which are assigned to the section Neodetris, while Longistylis is entirely made up of annual species. All the woody and most herbaceous species are well-branched and bear many flowerheads, while the section Dracontium is rich in species with a leaf rosette and stems topped by a single head. Stressed specimens of annual Felicia species can sometimes have only one flower head per plant.
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There are only few Felicia species with yellow ray florets. F. mossamedensis has alternately set, entire leaves, and a single medium-size flower head with an involucre of three whorls of bracts, at the tip of the inflorescence stalk. All other species with yellow ray florets have oppositely set leaves lower and alternately set leaves nearer the top, with entire or toothed margins. In all other species with yellow ray florets, the stems carry many, small heads, each surrounded by an involucre of four worls of bracts.
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Hulsea nana is a diminutive perennial herb producing clumps of hairy foliage and stout stems rarely more than 20 centimeters (6 inches) tall. The leaves are 2 to 6 centimeters (0.4-2.4 inches) long and have lobed edges and many glandular hairs. The stem usually bears a single robust flower head with layers of hairy to woolly phyllaries. The center of the head is packed with golden disc florets surrounded by a circumference lined with golden ray florets each about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long.
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In M. pauciflora, the number of flowers per head is reduced down to three (rarely four), and the involucral bracts are short. The bright yellow bracteoles of the three flowers together form a long, straight an narrow tube, from which only the perianth limbs and pollen presenters extend. The tube-type flower head functions comparable to tube-shaped corollas, such as in the large- flowered Erica species. The three-flowered pagoda is the only Mimetes species with these so-called tube-type flower heads.
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Corymbium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family comprising nine species. It is the only genus in the subfamily Corymbioideae and the tribe Corymbieae. The species have leaves with parallel veins, strongly reminiscent of monocots, in a rosette and compounded inflorescences may be compact or loosely composed racemes, panicles or corymbs. Remarkable for species in the daisy family, each flower head contains just one, bisexual, mauve, pink or white disc floret within a sheath consisting of just two large involucral bracts.
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The margin is entire and the thickening at the tip is notched or even slightly split in two. The inflorescence consists of fifty to seventy crowded flower heads, each in the axil of a leaf, that together constitute a cylinder shape of 6–9 cm (2.4–3.6 in) long, 5½–6 cm (2.2–2.4 in) wide, that is topped by a crest of more or less upright, smallish green leaves. Each flower head sits in the axil of an plain green leaf standing out horizontally.
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Most of the leaves are located around the base. They are thick and leathery, lance- shaped with large sawteeth along the edges, often center-striped in white, and measure up to 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence is usually a single flower head lined with centimeter-long phyllaries which are reddish to green with red edges. The head has a center of yellow disc florets and a fringe of ray florets which are yellow, often splashed with red along the undersides, measuring up to 1.6 centimeters in length.
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Like other members of the family Asteraceae, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Each single flower in a head is called a floret. In part due to their abundance along with being a generalist species, dandelions are one of the most vital early spring nectar sources for a wide host of pollinators. Many Taraxacum species produce seeds asexually by apomixis, where the seeds are produced without pollination, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
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Gray) Bierner, 1994. Owl’s-claws, orange-sneezeweed Hymenoxys hoopesii is an erect perennial herb approaching a meter (40 inches) in height, with smooth-edged leaves, oval on the lower stem and lance-shaped toward the top. The inflorescence bears several flower heads on erect peduncles, each lined with a base of hairy, pointed phyllaries. The flower head has a center of 100–325 tiny disc florets fringed with 14–26 orange or yellow ray florets, each ray up to 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches) long.
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Erigeron howellii is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known as Howell's fleabane. It has been found in the Cascades in the northwestern United States, in northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron howellii is a perennial herb up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Each plant generally produces only one flower head, with up to 50 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
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The plant produces an inflorescence generally 25 centimeters to half a meter tall consisting of a solitary flower head or an array of up to three heads. The head is bell-shaped, sometimes widely so. It contains many orange to red-orange disc florets each about a centimeter long, and a fringe of several orange or reddish ray florets each up to 2 centimeters in length. The fruit is a long, narrow achene which may be 2 centimeters in length including its pappus of plumelike bristles.
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Enceliopsis covillei is a perennial herb with erect stems varying in height from 15–100 cm (6-40 inches), growing from a tough, woody caudex. The silvery woolly leaves are up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long by 8 wide and are spade-shaped to oval to diamond-shaped with winged petioles.Flora of North America, Panamint daisy, Enceliopsis covillei (A. Nelson) S. F. Blake The inflorescence is a large solitary flower head on an erect or leaning peduncle which may reach 100 cm (40 inches) tall.
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The style is 3¾–5½ cm (1½–2¼ in) long, slightly curved towards the center of the flower head, initially yellow but later turning orange. It is topped by a slight thickening that is called the pollen presenter, which is narrow or broadly cone-shaped 1½–4 mm (0.6–1.6 in) long and up to wide, with the groove that functions as the stigma central at the very tip. The four scales that subtend the ovary are triangular to awl- shaped and about long.
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It is active throughout the summer when the female lays eggs in the opened flower head. The larva emerges and feeds on the developing seeds inside the head. The larval stage lasts 17 days, after which the larva constructs a cocoon from the remnants of the seeds and pupates within it for about nine days. Most of the damage to the plant is done by the larva's feeding on the seeds; the adult feeds on the foliage but does less drastic damage to the plant.
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The hairless leaves are inverted lance-shaped with a wedge-shaped base narrowing to a stalk, the tip cut-off, with three to five stout teeth of 4½–7 cm (1.8–2.8 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide. The more or less flattened globe-shaped flowerheads of 5–8 cm (2.0–3.2 in) in diameter have a stalk of about 1 cm (0.4 in) long, are usual set individually but sometimes grouped in twos or threes. The common base of the flowers in the same head is broadly cone-shaped, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and approximately ¾ cm across. The bracts that subtend each flower head are greyish because they are covered with densely matted silky hairs, tightly overlapping and pressed against the flower head, oval with a pointy tip, about 8 mm (0.3 in) long and 5 mm (0.2 in) wide, and cartilaginous in consistency. The bract that subtends each flower individually encloses the perianth at its base, has an extended pointed tip (cuspidate), about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and ½ cm (0.2 in) wide, very densely set with woolly hairs at the base and silky hairy near the tip.
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Although the styles of all species belonging to the section Cardinistyle move during the development of the flowers, this unique phenomenon is at its extreme in L. reflexum. The movement is forced by the perianth tube. At first, in the young bud, the tube is straight, its base making a right angle to the cylindrical, upright common base of the flower head. When the style breaks through the sutures between the perianth claws and has arched down, the upward-facing side of the perianth tube quickly grows through elongation of the cells.
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Phaneroglossa is a genus of plants that is assigned to the daisy family. The genus currently consist of only one species, Phaneroglossa bolusii, a perennial plant of up to high, that has leathery, line- to lance-shaped, seated leaves with mostly few shallow teeth and flower heads set individually on top of long stalks. The flower head has an involucre of just one whorl of bracts, few elliptic, white or cream ray florets, and many yellow disc florets. It is an endemic species of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
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The top of the stem is occupied by an inflorescence of several flower heads, their hemispheric bases up to 2.5 centimeters (one inch) wide and lined with many small, green phyllaries with curving tips. Each flower head may have up to 30 narrow, pointed yellow ray florets between 1 and 2 centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) long, surrounding a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is a brown achene about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long including its long pappus of bristles.Flora of North America, Grindelia ciliata (Nuttall) Sprengel, 1826.
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Genetic tests have shown that similar flower head structures or forms within the genus, might not mean close ancestry within the genus. The genetic data show that within the genus, convergent evolution of inflorescence structures may be from ancestral subunits that are not related. So using morphology within the genus becomes problematic for further subgeneric grouping. As stated on the Euphorbia Planetary Biodiversity Inventory project webpage: According to a 2002 publication on studies of DNA sequence data, most of the smaller "satellite genera" around the huge genus Euphorbia nest deep within the latter.
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There are nine series of bracts surrounding the flower head, the outer ones being ovate in shape, with a rounded apex, and are covered in silky hairs and have a fringe of hairs along their margins (ciliate). The inner bracts are more oblong and concave in shape, also ciliate, but with less silky hairs, with the innermost bracts glabrous and the length of the flowers. The plant is monoecious with both sexes in each flower. The fruits are woody and persistent, which means they are retained on the plant after senescence.
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Alex George included an entry for it under the name Banksia oligantha in the 1987 second edition of his The Banksia Book, but the formal publication of that name did not occur until the following year, when George's "New taxa and notes on Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)" appeared. The specific epithet oligantha derives from the Greek oligo- ("few") and anthos ("flower"), in reference to the low number of flowers per flower head. The species has an uneventful nomenclatural history: it has no synonyms, and no subspecies or varieties have been published.
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The larger version of Heliantheae was split into tribes including Bahieae, Chaenactideae, Coreopsideae, Helenieae and, finally, Heliantheae (sensu stricto). Within the tribe, the traditional definition of genera based on flower and fruit characters does not reflect evolutionary relationships as inferred through molecular phylogenetics. The tribe is characterized by shiny green bracts at the base of the flower head in two rows: an inner row of tightly spaced bracts and an outer row of a smaller number pointing downward. It includes five genera that use carbon fixation: Chrysanthellum, Eryngiophyllum, Glossocardia (including Guerreroia), Isostigma, and Neuractis.
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The kanji characters used for its name have also changed through the centuries, from the original "fire window" to "flower head window". The oldest extant example of katōmado can be found in Engaku-ji's Shariden (Relic Hall)This hall was moved to its current location in 1563.(source: ) The original is believed to have been built sometime between the late 14th century and the mid 15th century.(source: ) in Kamakura, which is thought to closely follow the original style as it was introduced to Japan, with the vertical frames touching the bottom in straight lines.
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Along the margin of the flower head are many female ray florets that have yellow straps of about long and wide radiating out. In the center of the head are many yellow, bisexual disc florets of about long. In the center of the corolla of each disc floret are five anthers merged into a tube, through which the style grows when the floret opens, hoovering up the pollen on its shaft. The style in both ray- and disc florets forks, and at the tip of both style branches is a triangular appendage.
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Brigham Young University Press, Provo. Erigeron muirii is a small perennial herb rarely more than 12 cm (5 inches) high, covered with thick wool that gives it a gray-green appearance, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem, the head containing sometimes as many as 100 ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.Flora of North America, Erigeron muirii A. Gray, 1882. Muir’s fleabane Erigeron muirii was discovered by noted conservationist John Muir near Cape Thompson, Alaska during his travels there in 1881.
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The shaft of the style is mostly surrounded by five infertile stamens but these may be absent. Many yellow, funnel-shapped, star-symmetrical disc florets occupy the center of the flower head, often carry soft glands and carry five triangular lobes with a resin duct along the edge. The disc florets contain both ovaries topped by a forked style and five fertile anthers that form a tube around the style shaft. These anthers have triangular appendages at their tip, a blunt basis with or with a very short tail-like appendage.
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Two closely related South American species are Cortaderia jubata and C. selloana (Pampas Grass), which have been introduced to New Zealand and are often mistaken for toetoe. These introduced species tend to take over from the native toetoe and are regarded as invasive weeds. Among the differences between Pampas, Toetoe has a drooping flower head, a cream coloured plume, and the leaves do not break when tugged firmly. Toetoe also has a white, waxy bloom on the leaf-sheath and conspicuous veins between the midrib and leaf margin.
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Erigeron rydbergii is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Rydberg's fleabane.. It is native to the western United States, in the Rocky Mountains and other nearby ranges in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron rydbergii grows in subalpine to alpine slopes at high elevations. It is a tiny perennial rarely more than 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) tall, forming a thick taproot. The inflorescence generally contains only 1 flower head per stem.
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Erigeron purpuratus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name purple fleabane. The species grows in Alaska (part of the United States) and Yukon (part of Canada).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Erigeron purpuratus is a perennial herb up to 14 centimeters (5.6 inches) tall, producing a large branching caudex that serves to spread the plant into clonal clumps. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem, the bracts forming the sides of the head appearing purple.
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The flower head is encompassed by between 10 and 18 white ray florets, each with a three-toothed shape; the florets tend to curve downwards around the edges and may occasionally have pistils, although these do not produce fruit. Beneath the flower proper, oval bracts of the plant form an involucre, with soft hairs on each; further bracts are bristled and sit at right angles to the flowers. ;Fruits: The fruits are achenes (with no pappus). They are wrinkled, ribbed with ten ridges, and have small glandular bumps across the surface.
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The flowers are held singly on smooth stems above the basal rosette of leaves The deeply lobed leaves of this tap-rooted perennial plant form a basal rosette from which the long, slightly downy, unbranched hollow scapes (flower stalks) rise to around 40 cm (1 ft 4in). It blooms once a year, usually in spring (March to May) but sometimes in late autumn. Each scape bears a single flower-head consisting of many small, white ray florets, opening from a rounded bud consisting of narrow green bracts. The flowers are hermaphrodite and self-fertile.
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T. kok-saghyz fruits Taraxacum kok-saghyz is a perennial plant with a yellow composite flower characteristic of the genus Taraxacum. Each flower head may be approximately one inch in diameter and be made up for 50 to 90 florets. Plants may contain 25 to 50 leaves arranged in one or more rosettes at the upper end of the root. Taraxacum kok-saghyz can be differentiated from the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) by its generally smaller, grayish green leaves and hornlike structures on the bracts surrounding the bud.
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Coreopsis calliopsidea is an annual herb producing one or more stems growing up to about 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall, or sometimes taller. The slightly fleshy leaves are located mainly around the base of the stem, each divided into several narrow lobes. The inflorescence consists of a single flower head with a bell-shaped involucre of triangular phyllaries. The head has a center of up to 50 tiny yellow disc florets and a fringe of usually 8 bright yellow ray florets each up to 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches) long.
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After mating, the female will search for a suitable place to lay a single egg, such as a healthy food plant. Once found, she will lay it between two florets on the flower head in order to keep it mostly hidden, and secure the egg. In order to keep other females from laying eggs on the same flower, the female small blue will rub her abdomen against the florets before she leaves to leave a scent marker. The caterpillars are cannibalistic and will eat one another if multiple hatch on the same flower.
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Leucospermum prostratum is a trailing shrub of up to in diameter from the Proteaceae. It has alternately set, about 3 cm (1.2 in) long, lance-shaped, olive-colored, upright leaves, and produces sweetly scented, compact, hemispherical flower heads, with long styles sticking out far from the perianth tube, which jointly give the flower head the appearance of a pincushion. The fragrant flowers found between July and December are initially yellow but turn orange when older. It is an endemic species restricted to the south coast of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
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Each flower head is about 8 mm (⅓ in) across, consists of five to seven silvery pink, sweetly scented flowers, and is subtended by a lance-shaped floral bract. The felty bract subtending the individual flower is more or less oval, with a thickened, later hairless glandular tip, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The 4-merous flowers are slightly curved before they open. The lower part, that remains merged when the flower is open, called perianth-tube is covered with long soft hairs and about 1½ mm (0.06 in) long.
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The birds sit on the flower head and stick their long bills into perianth tubes and so bring their heads and necks in contact with the pollen presenters. Although the flowers are also visited by insects, these do not touch the pollen presenters so do not contribute to the pollination. The seeds are covered in a pale fleshy coating called elaiosome that attracts ants. About two months after flowering, the seeds are ripe and get released from the flower heads, and native ants gather them and carry them to their underground nests.
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Leaves on the lower end of the stem are round/oval shape, 4 to 16 cm in height, and 1 to 8 cm in width. The leaves on the upper end of the stem are smaller than the leaves on the lower end of the stem and are often coarsely toothed. The inflorescence is often dichotomous, with 3 to 6 stalked flower heads and whorled bracts below. The urn-shaped flower head has 30-60 florets per head, the outer ray florets are female, and the inner disc florets are bisexual.
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The flowers are produced singly or in racemes of up to 20 on a single flower-head. They are yellow or orange, long, with six sepals and six petals in alternating whorls of three, the sepals usually colored like the petals. The fruit is a small berry long, ripening red or dark blue, often with a pink or violet waxy surface bloom; in some species, they may be long and narrow, but are spherical in other species. Some authors regard the compound- leaved species as belonging to a different genus, Mahonia.
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Lepidospartum squamatum is a large shrub often exceeding two meters in height which takes a spreading, rounded form, its branches are coated in woolly fibers and stubby leaves no more than 3 millimeters long. The inflorescence is a single flower head or small cluster of up to 5 heads at the ends of branches. The heads are discoid, bearing many yellow tubular disc florets and no ray florets. The fruit is a narrow achene a few millimeters long with a dull white to light brown pappus on top.
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Gaillardia pinnatifida is a perennial growing to with hairy, wavy to lobed leaves up to long, growing to halfway up the stem, with a solitary flower head on top having 7-12 yellow ray flowers and numerous densely packed orange-brown to purple disk flowers. The 3-tipped ray flowers may have tips so deep as to be considered lobed.Flora of North America, Gaillardia pinnatifida Torrey, 1827. Gaillardia pinnatifida displays considerable variation in parts of its range, so much so that some authors have divided G. pinnatifida into varieties or distinct species.
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Cyanthillium cinereum - flower head Cyanthillium cinereum (also known as little ironweed and poovamkurunnila in Malayalam) is a species of perennial plants in the sunflower family. The species is native to tropical Africa and to tropical Asia (India, Indochina, Indonesia, etc.) and has become naturalized in Australia, Mesoamerica, tropical South America, the West Indies, and the US State of Florida.Atlas of Living AustraliaFunk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana).
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The style that is about 5 cm (2 in) long, tapers towards the tip and slightly curves towards the center of the flower head. It is topped by a slight thickening called pollen presenter, which has a slender cone-shape with a pointy tip, is 2–2½ mm (0.08–0.1 in) long, with a groove at the very end that acts as the stigma. The ovary is subtended by four nectar producing awl-shaped scales of about 2 mm (0.08 in) long. It mostly flowers between September and December.
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Layia hieracioides is an annual herb producing a thick, glandular, strongly scented stem to a maximum height near 1.3 meters, but often remains shorter. The thin leaves are linear to lance-shaped, with the lower ones lobed or toothed and up to nearly 15 centimeters in maximum length. The flower head has a rounded to urn-shaped base of green phyllaries covered in dark glandular hairs. The head contains short yellow ray florets only a few millimeters long around a center of yellow disc florets with purple anthers.
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Altervista Flora Italiana, Fiorrancio dei campi Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. includes photos and European distribution map Calendula arvensis is an annual or biennial herb 10 – 50 cm tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and borne on petioles from the slender, hairy stem. The inflorescence is a single flower head up to four centimeters wide with bright yellow to yellow-orange ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene which can take any of three shapes, including ring-shaped, that facilitate different methods of dispersal.
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Dahlias are perennial plants with tuberous roots, though they are grown as annuals in some regions with cold winters. While some have herbaceous stems, others have stems which lignify in the absence of secondary tissue and resprout following winter dormancy, allowing further seasons of growth. As a member of the Asteraceae, the dahlia has a flower head that is actually a composite (hence the older name Compositae) with both central disc florets and surrounding ray florets. Each floret is a flower in its own right, but is often incorrectly described as a petal, particularly by horticulturists.
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Rhodanthe manglesii is a herbaceous plant, a native of Western Australia, that was introduced and cultivated in England in 1834 from seeds collected by James Mangles. Common names for this daisy include pink sunray, silver bells, Australian strawflower, timeless rose or Mangles everlasting. The flower head is yellow and surrounded by pink or white florets, this emerges from nodding, silver coloured, papery bracts that form bell-like buds during August to October in its native habitat. The habit is slender and erect, ranging in height from 0.1 to 0.6 metres, and the plant often carpets areas of sandy, clayey or loamy soils.
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It grows in a tall dense sclerophyll vegetation that further is dominated by Erica species, Restionaceae and other Proteaceae. The flower heads are visited by nectar- feeding Cape sugarbirds and several species of sunbird. Because the length of the bill of the Cape sugarbird equals that of the style, it is probably the more effective pollinator. The birds sit on the flower head and delve into the perianths in search of nectar, at the same time powdering their heads and breasts with pollen from the pollen presenters, and later rubbing it off on the stigmas at the very tips of the styles.
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This makes the whole perianth curve downwards, so that the upper half makes a 90° angle with the lower half of the perianth tube. The style, which is tightly enclosed in the perianth tube, is forced to also make a right angle about 6 mm (0.24 in) above the ovary. At this phase, all styles are directing downwards, parallel to the stalk of the flower head. At the end of the flowering, the perianth loses it turgor, dries out and becomes papery, and so the styles return to their original orientation during the fruiting stage, spreading out at right angles to the axis.
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It is a perennial herb which is usually small but is otherwise variable in appearance. It grows up to about 15 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of thick, linear or oval leaves a few centimeters long; leaf morphology varies from the western to the eastern regions of the plant's range. The basal leaves are woolly, white to greenish and tufted with smooth and nearly entire (smooth edged) leaf margins and multiple , nearly leafless stems bearing 1-6 flower heads. The inflorescence bears a single flower head or a cluster of a few heads and may be nearly hairless to quite woolly.
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Leucospermum praecox is an evergreen, rounded, upright shrub of up to 3 m (9 ft) high, and 4 m (12 ft) in diameter that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has hairless, inverted egg-shaped to broadly wedge-shaped leaves of about 5 cm (2 in) long with six to eleven teeth near the tip, globe- shaped flower head with initially yellow flowers, later orange or scarlet, with styles sticking far out, giving the head the appearance of a pincushion. It is called Mossel Bay pincushion or large-tufted pincushion in English. It flowers between April and September.
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Erigeron rhizomatus is a perennial herb up to 45 cm (18 inches) tall, with a rhizome and large network of clumped, fibrous roots topped with a branching caudex. It produces one or more erect, rough-haired stems up to about 45 centimeters (18 inches) in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped near the base of the plant and much narrower and linear in shape toward the top of the stem. The inflorescence is usually a single flower head at the end of the stem with 25–45 white or purple-tinged ray florets each under a centimeter long.
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Each flower head carries about twenty ray florets, with a purplish blue ligula of about long and 3 mm (0.12 in) wide. These encircle numerous disc florets, with a yellow corolla of up to 3 mm long. Encircling the base of the corolla are many white, toothed, deciduous, pappus bristles of 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) long. The eventually black, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruits called cypsellae are inverted egg- shaped, about 2½ mm (0.1 in) long and wide, set with fine scales and with up to long hair, and are edged with an mostly brighter coloured ridge around the outline.
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Hulsea algida in Kings Canyon National Park, California Hulsea algida is a hairy, glandular perennial herb producing stout erect stems approaching 40 centimeters (16 inches) in height. The dark green leaves are narrow and covered in white hairs, and the edges are wavy and toothed. Most of the leaves occur in a thick patch at the base of the plant and some grow from the stems. The flower head is encased in a cup of densely woolly reddish green phyllaries which open to reveal a daisy-like bloom one to three centimeters (0.4-1.2 inches) across.
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The stalk of the flowerhead is pinkish in color, somewhat flattened, with shallow wings, 1–11 cm long, widest at the clasping base, up to 8 mm wide. Usually every rosette carries several slender, felty, pinkish, leafless, erect scapes of up to 13 cm, sometimes swollen beneath the single flower head. Each flowerhead is 1½–5 cm in diameter. The involucre consists of two or three, sometimes four worls of linear to narrowly ovate or inverted egg-shaped bracts, each 4–12 mm long and 1–3 mm wide, with papery margins, covered with many of few hairs.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of 10 to 50 or more small flower heads, each on a short peduncle. The flower head has a center of hairy, glandular, star-shaped yellow disc florets and a fringe of four to nine yellow ray florets each about 2 millimeters long. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with a small pappus at the tip. Like many Channel Islands endemics, this plant was threatened with extinction by the herbivory of the feral goats living on the islands; the goats have since been removed and the plant is recovering.
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Leucospermum is a genus of evergreen upright, sometimes creeping shrubs that is assigned to the Proteaceae, with currently forty-eight known species. Almost all species are easily recognised as Leucospermum because of the long protruding styles with a thickened pollen-presenter, which jointly give the flower head the appearance of a pincushion, its common name. Pincushions can be found in South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The shrubs mostly have a single stem at their base, but some species sprout from an underground rootstock, from which the plant can regrow after fire has killed the above ground biomass.
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The 15th- century nave roof is of tie beam construction; it was restored in the 19th century when stone corbels and cross braces were replaced. Within the nave, beneath the tower arch, is a 14th-century octagonal font (PastScape: 15th- century). The stone plinth and bowl is panelled on each side: the plinth with plain recessed fields, each alternate with carved twin flower-head reliefs; the bowl with panels of carved quatrefoils with inset shields, alternating with blind tracery. A font cover is of plain wood, with eight raised pink open scrolls attached meeting an octagonal shaft topped by a gold-painted urn.
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The complex inflorescences are carried at the end of the branches. These consist of a number of crowded clusters. Each of the clusters is subtended by white to yellowish green, wavy, ovate to orbicular bracts that have a spiny margin, and further consist of one to five flower heads which each contain only a single disk floret. The most outward part of the flower head is the involucre, which is narrowly vase-shaped to cylindric and approximately high, and consists of about six worls of four bracts called phyllaries, which have often soft woolly hairs around the edge.
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It has a hairy, rough stem with leaves lance- or oval-shaped, usually pointed, sometimes serrated along the edges, and 3 to 15 centimeters (1.2-6.0 inches) long. The inflorescence holds one or more flower heads, and each plant may have many inflorescences growing along the full length of the stem. The flower head has a cup of long, pointed phyllaries holding an array of bright yellow ray florets each one to two centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) long around a center of yellow to dark purple or reddish disc florets. The achene is 3 to 5 millimeters (0.12-0.20 inches) long.
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Pitcher's thistle is a plant of modest appearance through much of its lifespan; it concentrates most of its biomass in a massive taproot that can be 6 feet (2 m) in length. Its long, narrow, gray-green leaves are protected by spines and dense, silvery hairs. Between 2 and 8 years after germination, the juvenile thistle abruptly matures and sends forth a flower stalk of 100 cm (40 inches) or more in height. At the top of the blooming shoot is a spectacular effusive flower head, ranging in color from creamy white to very light pink, and guarded by spines.
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Erigeron procumbens is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Corpus Christi fleabane, the name referring to a coastal city in Texas. The species grows along the coastal plain and coastal strand of the Gulf of Mexico, in the states of Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron procumbens is a perennial herb up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall, the stems very often procumbent (lying on the ground instead of growing straight up). The plant generally produces only one flower head per stem.
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Erigeron hyssopifolius is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family, called the Hyssop-leaf fleabane. It is widespread across much of Canada and has also been found in the northeastern United States (northern New England, New York, Michigan).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Erigeron hyssopifolius is a perennial up to 35 centimeters (14 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Each plant generally produces only one flower head, though sometimes groups of as many as 5, each head with up to 50 pink or white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
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The end of the flower stem is covered in a spike of flower heads across that bloom pink to purplish pink for a month in late summer, from the top down. Each flower head has 5 to 8 florets and is surrounded by overlapping pinkish bracts (phyllaries) whose tips are pointed and curve backwards. The stems, leaves, and bracts may be smooth or hairy to varying degrees. The shape of the bracts distinguishes this species from others, for example Liatris spicata, another tall Liatris species that has thickly packed spikes, but whose bracts are flat with rounded tips.
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All are native to North America, and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads that bloom in mid to late summer. The species are herbaceous, mostly perennial plants (some annual or biennial) growing to 0.5–3.0 m tall, with simple or branched stems. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire to deeply lobed, and 5–25 cm long. The flowers are produced in daisy-like inflorescences, with yellow or orange florets arranged in a prominent, cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the ray florets tend to point out and down (are decumbent) as the flower head opens.
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Flowering occurs throughout the year, peaking between mid winter and early summer, though varies between the different subspecies. Subspecies allojohnsonii flowers from September to February, subspecies trinervis flowers from August to December, and subspecies juniperina, amphitricha, sulphurea, villosa and fortis flower in August and September. The spider-flower arrangement of the inflorescence has several individual flowers emerging from a central rounded flower head—reminiscent of the legs of a spider. The flowers are red, pink, orange, yellow or greenish, and are mostly terminal—arising on the ends of stems—though they occasionally arise from axillary buds.
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Possible adverse effects of cannabis tea via intravenous injection have been published via a 1977 study by Dr. Robert B. Mims and Joel H. Lee. The administered solution was one prepared using cannabis seeds (as opposed to the more commonly used female flower head) boiled in tap water with no further filtration. The effects on the four Caucasian youths were said to be immediate and included "nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, [and] chills" among others. This event and the accompanying study is dated, and the adverse effects experienced were very likely only attained by blatant disregard for sanitation and quality of administration.
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Hymenoxys grandiflora is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names graylocks four-nerve daisy, graylocks rubberweed, or old man of the mountain. It is native to high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States, in the states of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.Biota of North America Program 2014 distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter description, photos, distribution map Hymenoxys grandiflora is a perennial herb up to 30 cm (1 foot) tall. One plant generally produces one flower head per stem, up to 10 per plant.
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The outer bracts are about long and wide, lance-shaped, the middle bracts about long and wide, and the inner bracts inverted lance-shaped about 6 mm long and 1 mm wide. Each flower head contains about sixteen ray florets, with s pale blue straps of about long and 1 mm (0.06 in) wide. These encircle numerous disc florets with a yellow corolla of up to 3 mm (0.14 in) long. In the center of each corolla are five anthers merged into a tube, through which the style grows when the floret opens, hoovering up the pollen on its shaft.
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Surrounding each flower head are three to four whorls of bracts (or phyllaries) that together form the so-called involucre, which is up to in diameter. These bracts are of different length, lance-shaped, about long and approximately 1 mm (0.06 in) wide, with a bristly margin and glands. Each head contains about twenty female ray florets, each with closed, tubular part at the base that is hairy in its upper part and a purplish blue strap of about long and wide. These surround numerous bisexual disc florets with a yellow corolla of about long, hairy in the middle.
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Phillips, when he originally described it in 1910, compared it with P. rosacea, as P. nana was known at the time, but distinguishes it by having outer bracts that end in a sharp point, and also with P. witzenbergiana, distinguishing it by longer leaves and a larger flower head. In his key to the species of Protea in 1912, Stapf also groups these three species together, finding it most similar to P. witzenbergiana. He distinguishes the two species from each other by the leaf length, but also by P. witzenbergiana having branches clothed in shaggy (villous) hairs as opposed to a glabrous surface. The two are distinguished from P. rosacea (P.
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While still in the bud, the pollen is transferred from the anthers to the pollen-presenter, a thickening at the tip of the style. At that stage, the style grows considerably and rips through the sutures between the two perianth lobes facing away from the centre of the flower head. The perianth lobes all four remain attached to each other, or with three, or the four free lobes all curl back on themselves (like the lit of a sardine can), rimming the top of the tube. The superior ovary consists of one carpel and contains a single ovary, and is subtended by four small scales.
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Later the plant forms a seed head that resembles that of the dandelions but is distinctly larger. The seeds themselves (known as achenes) are 2–4 cm long but featherweight, weighing about 8 mg each on average. There is some natural variation between the central and peripheral achenes in the seedhead, with the peripheral ones being generally darker and heavier, and having a higher concentration of phenolic compounds; this may enhance their survival potential. T. dubius, large seedhead Western salsify is quite similar to the generally commoner meadow salsify, T. pratensis, but the bracts which show behind the flower head, a distinctive feature of salsifies, are longer and more noticeable.
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Flower diagram of Carduus (Carduoideae) shows (outermost to innermost): subtending bract and stem axis; fused calyx; fused corolla; stamens fused to corolla; gynoecium with two carpels and one locule The distinguishing characteristic of Asteraceae is their inflorescence, a type of specialised, composite flower head or pseudanthium, technically called a calathium or capitulum,Usher, G. (1966) A dictionary of botany, including terms used in bio-chemistry, soil science, and statistics. that may look superficially like a single flower. The capitulum is a contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called florets, all sharing the same receptacle. A set of bracts forms an involucre surrounding the base of the capitulum.
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Erigeron radicatus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Hooker's fleabane and taproot fleabane The species grows in central Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and parts of the north-central United States, primarily the northern Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills. It has been found in Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota, with a few isolated populations reported from North Dakota.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron radicatus is a small perennial herb up to 12 centimeters (4.8 inches) tall, producing a woody branching caudex. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem.
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The "stinking chamomile" Anthemis cotula is so-named for its resemblance to the true chamomile plant, Anthemis nobilis; both have branching upright stems each topped by a single large flower head, although the "stinking chamomile" is distinguished by lacking the membraneous scales underneath the flowers of the true chamomile, as well as by its characteristic strong odor. The leaves of Anthemis cotula have a similar appearance to those of the fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare), from which the name "Dog's Fennel" is derived. Anthemis cotula is an annual glandular plant with a harsh taste and an acrid smell. Its height varies from 12 inches (28 centimeters) to 24 inches (56 centimeters).
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The common base of the flowers within the same head has a very slim cone-shape with a pointy tip, long and wide. The bracts that subtend the flower head are oval with an pointy tip, about 1½ cm (0.6 in) long, overlapping, rubbery in consistency, softly hairy on the outside, with a dense row of hairs around the fringes. The bracts that subtend the individual flower are oval with a pointy tip, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and wide, rubbery in consistency, and densely woolly at the base. The perianth is about long, S-shaped when opening, and pale yellow to orange in colour.
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In Brown's arrangement of Banksia, B. verticillata was placed between B. compar (now B. integrifolia subsp. compar) and B. coccinea (scarlet banksia) in phyletic order. No infrageneric arrangement was provided other than the removal of one distinctive species into a subgenus of its own, because of its unusual domed flower head. As B. verticillata flowers occur in characteristic flower spikes, it was retained in Banksia verae, the "true banksias". Banksia verae was renamed Eubanksia by Austrian botanist Stephan Endlicher in 1847, with B. verticillata remaining between the same two species as in Brown's sequence. A more detailed arrangement was published by Carl Meissner in 1856.
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Helianthus praetermissus is a rare and probably extinct North American species of sunflower, with the common names New Mexico sunflower and lost sunflower. It is known from only one specimen collected in 1851 in Cibola County in western New Mexico, and not seen since.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapNew Mexico Rare Plants, University of New Mexico, Helianthus praetermissus (Lost sunflower) includes description, ecological and historical information, and photo of the only known speciimen Helianthus praetermissus is (was?) an annual herb with a slender, unbranching stem 90 cm (3 feet) tall. It has (had) a single flower head with yellow ray florets surrounding red disc florets.
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What appear to be "petals" of an individual flower, are actually each individual complete ray flowers, and at the center is a dense pack of individual tiny disc flowers. Because the collection has the overall appearance of a single flower, the collection of flowers in the head of this sunflower is called a pseudanthium or a composite. A pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower"), also called a flower head, composite flower, or capitulum, is a special type of inflorescence, in which anything from a small cluster to hundreds or sometimes thousands of flowers are grouped together to form a single flower-like structure. Pseudanthia take various forms.
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They are abruptly cut off at its base and without a leaf stalk, have a blunt tip with three thickened teeth close together, the remainder of the margin entire but for a row of equal hairs along its length. The leaf surfaces are initially densely covered in felty hairs, but these wear off over time. The scarlet-coloured leaves that subtend the flower heads are fiddle-shaped and the sides curve downward, providing a hood for the flower head lower down the stem. The inflorescences are broad cylinder-shaped, 6–8 cm (2.4–3.2 in) long and 6–7 cm (2.4–2.8 in) in diameter.
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The lower part of the tetramerous perianth is fused into a tube, the middle part that consist of the claws is ruptured by the style at anthesis, the parts coiling, the lobe facing the center of the flower head with fine very short, powdery hairs, the other lobes are thickly set with felty hairy. The upper part of the periant (or limbs) are lance- shaped and pointy at the tip, about ½ cm (0.2 in) long, have a dense growth of with long straight hairs. The lance-shaped, pointy anthers are directly attached to the upper part of the perianth, are about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and lack a filament.
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The common base is narrowly conical in shape with a pointy tip 3–3½ cm (1.2–1.4 in) long and ¾ cm (0.3 in) wide. The bracts that subtend the flower head consists of oval bracts with a pointy tip of wide and about long, overlapping and pressed against the common base, rubbery and with some short and soft hair. The bracts at the foot of each individual flower are concave, embrace the perianth at its base, have a pointy, incurved tip long and about wide, with a rubbery consistency and thickly woolly at its base. The perianth is 3–3½ cm long, yellow, orange or crimson in color.
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From each plant, between one and seven inflorescence stalks emerge, that each carry between one and eight flower heads each on a relatively long flower head stalk, together long. The inflorescence stalks are mostly branched near the base, and both the common and individual stalks are dark red-brown to dark purplish, strongly ribbed, with some silvery woolly hairs, mostly with glandular hairs, and carrying many, dark purple, very narrowly ovate bracts. The lower bracts are up to 2 cm (1 in) long, but decrease in size higher up, almost clutch the stem, and are sensely set with sivery woolly hairs in the axils and glandular hairy elsewhere.
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The higher part (called limbs) are lance-shaped with a pointy tip, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long, curved back in the open flower and densely set with long silky hair. Each of the four anthers are about long, merged directly to the center of each of the four limbs are the anthers without a filament. The style is 2–2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) long, pointing from the centre of the head at its base but strongly curved midlength so that the top points towards the center of the flower head. The style is cream to carmine in colour, tapering towards the tip, and the upper half has barbs pointing to the base.
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They are slender to broad, up to 15 centimeters long, and usually with 3-5 pairs of lobes along the margins (these sometimes lacking). The peduncle of the inflorescence can be as tall as 45 centimeters but is usually much shorter. The flower head is up to 2 centimeters wide, surrounded by glabrous to hairy phyllaries, and contains yellow ray florets (the outer ones often have a purple strip on the lower surface) but no disc florets. The fruit is an achene between 5-12 millimeters long; the lower part of the achene contains a single seed, while the upper portion of the achene forms a slender beak that possesses a terminal, white pappus.
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Leaves tend to form thick groups when reaching the ends of the twigs and are normally less curled and longer than that of the Jack Pine. Pink False Dandelion (Agoseris lackschewitzii) is a pink colour both while in bud and when flowering, they can grow anywhere between 6-35cm tall and have hairs along their entire length. Long-Leaved Arnica (Arinca longifolia) is an orange or yellow, 8-11 petalled flower head with a diameter of 2cm, the Long-Leaved Arnica grows leaves in pairs that are on opposite sides to each other with the largest growing towards the middle of the stem. It can grow anywhere between 30-60cm when fully grown.
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Gaunt asked him to wait over the weekend whilst he cleared up some matters in his office. In that time, Gaunt and Smith organised a plot against Field, now seen as ineffectual after his failure to win independence. Ken Flower, head of Rhodesia's Central Intelligence Organisation, an organisation Field had ordered be set up, had in fact warned him sometime previously there was a conspiracy against him, involving several of his ministers.Ken Flower – Serving Secretly 1987 The caucus of the Rhodesian Front decided to ask for his resignation on 2 April 1964 and the decision was conveyed to Field the next day, though the formal demand was not made until a Cabinet meeting a few days later.
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The recognition led to international exposure, as well when she was invited to participate in the Biennale de Paris and in an exhibition, "GeometríaSensível", with Roberto Pontual and other Latin American artists hosted by the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro. Hoyos next evolution was in a series of floral and fruit works, in which she stripped out most of the petals and focused on the flower head of sunflowers. By using only the circular forms to explore the sensuality of earth's abundance, she attempted to remove spatial references to focus on the flower itself. From these images, she moved into a series of still lifes returning to a window-like photographic frame.
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Pilosella horrida (synonym Hieracium horridum), known as the prickly hawkweed or shaggy hawkweed, gets its name from the long, dense, shaggy white to brown hairs (trichomes) which cover all of the plant parts of this plant species. The species is native to Oregon, California, and Nevada in the western United States.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Hieracium horridum Fries Shaggy Hawkweed, prickly hawkweed Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Pilosella horrida possesses oblong leaves along the stems of this to tall hairy plant with 11-12 bright yellow flower heads at the top of each flower head, which is to in diameter. It flowers between late June and August.
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Their chlorophyllous zones, a darker green zone where chlorophyll is concentrated, appear on the upper half of the outer phyllaries, to the upper third or along the outer midveins of the inner phyllaries. The outer phyllaries typically measure wide with the lengths rarely exceeding 2.5 times the width. As with most members of the composite family, the actual flowers appear in two different forms: as ray florets, which have strap-like appendages that look like petals and project around the outside of the capitulum, and as disc florets, which appear at the center of the flower head and are very small. The ray florets number between 5 and 10, though as many as 12 may be present.
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Its base is fused into a funnel-shaped tube of about long, smooth at its base and with a minutely powdery covering near the top. The anthers are elliptic in shape, about long, lack a recognisable filament and are directly attached near the top of the perianth lobes. The style is 4½–5½ cm (1.8-2.2 in) long, curves slightly towards the center of the flower head, is initially orange in color but becomes reddish over time. It is topped by a slight thickening that is called the pollen presenter, which has a very slim conical shape with a pointy tip, is long, with a small groove that acts as the stigma at the very tip.
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Agave parrasana, the cabbage head agave or cabbage head century plant, is a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. A slow-growing evergreen succulent from North East Mexico, it produces a compact rosette of fleshy thorn-tipped grey-green leaves, 60 cm tall and wide. Occasionally mature plants produce a spectacular flower head up to 6m tall, opening red and turning yellow. This signals the death of the flowering rosette, however offsets may form and continue growing. As it can tolerate temperatures of or less, it is a popular plant to grow outdoors in a sheltered cactus garden or similar environment, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
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Within the whorls of ray florets are thirty to forty yellow or orange disc florets, each star-like with five lobes, the outer circle bisexual, those at the center functionally male. The disc florets have hairs on the outside, sometimes more near the top and few or many very short glandular hairs. The style has two branches, less so in the male florets in the center of the disc. The one-seeded, indehiscent fruits (called cypselas) are about long and have an asymmetrical pear shape, flatter facing the center of the flower head, the surface hairless near its foot, but felty hairy near its tip, and without ribs, sometimes with globe-shaped glands and twisted twin hairs.
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The flower heads are set individually at the tip of short side-branches and have both marginal and disk florets, which are both fertile and have cream-colored corollas. The involucre surrounding the flower head is initially egg-shaped, but becomes bell-shaped when flowering and during the development of the fruits. The bracts that form the involucre (called phyllaries) stand in three worls. Those on the outside are about 3 mm long and 1¾ mm wide, oval in shape with a pointy or gradually narrowing tip, and softly hairy on the outside. The inner phyllaries are about 8 mm long and 2—2¼ mm wide, and do not reach beyond the top of the cypselas.
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This variety was first published by Michel Gandoger in 1919. Gandoger actually published two names: Dryandra quinquedentata, based on specimen material collected from the Swan River by Arthur Mills Lea in 1902; and Dryandra cygnorum, based on material collected by Alexander Morrison from the Swan River in the vicinity of Melville, on 31 July 1897. In 1996, Alex George declared these two names to refer to the same plant, since Gandoger distinguished them only by the width of the leaves, the number of leaf teeth, and the length of the flower head, all of which are quite variable in this variety. He adopted the epithet cygnorum, demoting it to a variety of D. sessilis.
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The bracts in the inner whorl are long and wide, eventually hairless. Each flower head contains twelve to sixteen pink, functionally female ray florets, with a closed tube at the base of about long set with some glandular hairs, and with a line-shaped strap that radiates out from the head of long, bluntly ending in three lobes, narrower towards the base, and with five to seven veins. From the mouth of the ray floret tubes extends a tube consisting of five infertile staminodes, through which a forked style grows. The ray florets surround many bisexual disc florets with a yellow corolla of about long, which is only slightly longer than the pappus.
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The lower surface has two layers of hairs, a dense, persistent, soft, white or pinkish, cobweb-like layer that is overlaid by longer woolly hairs. The lower leaf surface is not visible through the layers of hairs. In each rosette, there is mostly just one, unbranched flower stalk of up to about , with the same indumentum as the leaf lower surface, with several line-shaped to triangularly line-shaped bracts of up to 4 cm (1.8 in) long, decreasing in size upwards, with a single flower head at its tip. The bracts that jointly surround the florets in the same head form a broadly bell-shaped involucre of about 3 cm (1.4 in) in diameter.
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Oedera capensis is a prickly, sprawling shrublet of about high, that produces between two and six branches below the flower heads of the previous season. Stems are densely and alternately set with mostly hairless, erect to recurved, flat, leathery, narrow triangular leaves long and , with glands and silky hairs along the edges. Usually nine (rarely ten or eleven) flower heads are cropped at the tip of the branches in what seems at first sight a single flower head of mostly in diameter. The central head consists of yolk yellow disc florets only, while the remainder has disc florets and in addition a row of yolk yellow ray florets, burgundy on the reverse, where they do not touch the other heads.
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The lower surface of the leaves is leathery and hard, and sometimes succulent and then the netted veins may be nearly invisible. The lower leaf surface always remains visible through the dense or more open layer of woolly hairs, and appears whitish scaly with shiny, amber- coloured glands. From each rosette, up to three robust, purplish brown or darkish red, mostly ribbed, at least higher up densely woolly flower stalks arise of long, thicker directly below the only flower head at its tip. The stalk also carries several line-shaped bracts of up to long that decrease in size upwards, and has the same hair cover as the leaves, their margins with wavy teeth or mostly entire, set at an angle or pressed to the stalk.
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The rich yellow, 4-merous perianth is straight in the bud and 1½–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long. The lower part, where the lobes remain merged when the flower has opened (called tube), is hairless, cylinder-shaped, but slightly compressed sideways and about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The lobes in the middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise, are 9–12 mm (0.36–0.48 in) long, the claw facing the rim of the flower head hairless, the other three softly hairy. The upper part, which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four narrowly lance- shaped limbs are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, the one facing the rim of the head hairless and the three with few glandular hairs.
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Mimetes stokoei, the mace pagoda, is an evergreen, upright, hardly branching, large shrub of 1–2 m (3– ft) high in the family Proteaceae. It has silvery, oval leaves of 5–8 cm (2.0–3.2 in) long and –4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) wide, with one large tooth supported by two smaller teeth near the tip, at an upward angle and somewhat overlapping each other. The inflorescences are set just below the growing tip, are cylinder-shaped, 10–12 cm (4–5 in) high, topped by a crest of small, more or less horizontal, pinkish-purple tinged leaves. It consists of several flower heads in the axils of golden leaves with a pinkish wash that form a hood shielding the underlying flower head.
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Each flower head contains as many as 25–35 individual flowers, while those lower down usually contain the fewest flowers. The bracts that encircle the flower heads are tightly overlapping. The bracts in the outer whorl are oval with a blunt tip, later slightly spade-shaped, 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) wide, covered in dense woolly hairs at the base, rounded, thickened, and eventually hairless at the tip. The bracts in the inner whorl are 6–8 mm (¼–⅓ in) long and 1–1½ mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide, lance-shaped with a pointy tip, covered in dense silky hairs, cartilaginous in consistency but growing three to four times as large an becoming woody after fertilisation.
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From each leaf rosette rise two to eight, ribbed inflorescence stalks of usually long (full range , which are tinged dark purple further up, with a thin or dense layer of white woolly hairs and scattered dark red glandular hairs. The stalks carry some dark purple line-shaped or narrowly inverted egg-shaped bracts of long and 2–4 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide, with a pointy tip, and a hairless surface or with some woolly and glandular hairs, but densely woolly in the axils. Each stalk carries mostly a single, rarely up to three flower heads. Each flower head consist of ray florets and disc florets which are encircled by mostly about twenty four (but up to thirty) involucral bracts in three or four overlapping whorls.
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P. montana is the only mat-forming species in the section Crinitae, but the leaves are similar to those of P. intonsa, which also occurs in the same mountain ranges; this is a much smaller, tuft-forming species with almost completely subterranean stems. In his original 1856 species description, working from incomplete herbarium sheets, Meissner states he finds the species to be dubious, and questions if it was not some variety of P. scolymocephala. Drège himself appears to have confused P. montana with P. amplexicaulis, as one flower head of that species is mixed with the P. montana material on the specimen housed at Kew, and in 1897 Phillips also (briefly) misidentified a Kew specimen of P. scabriuscula as P. montana.
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The third type of aerial cypsela has intermediate pappus and may remain in the flower head or be carried off by the wind. The subterranean cypselas spread germination over time, with one type evolved to extend the presence of this annual into the next growing season at a location of proven suitability, while the other type contributes to the soil seed bank, and so hatches against unfavorable years. The aerial cypselas on the other hand spread the progeny into new areas. Hence, Catananche lutea through its fruits shows different survival strategies by having quick and delayed germination, in situ, short distance and long distance seed dispersal, self- and cross-fertilization, as well as having some ripe seeds already early on in the growing season.
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Krigia cespitosa, known as common dwarf-dandelion, opposite-leaved dwarf- dandelion, or weedy dwarfdandelion, is a North American species of plant in the sunflower family . It is native to northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León) and to the southeastern and south-central United States, from Florida to Texas and north as far as southeastern Nebraska, southern Illinois, and central West VirginiaUnited States Department of Agriculture plants profileBiota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Krigia caespitosa Krigia cespitosa is an annual herb up to 42 cm (16.8 inches) tall. One plant generally produces one flower head per flower stalk, each head with 12–35 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.Flora of North America, Krigia cespitosa (Rafinesque) K. L. Chambers, 1973.
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Eastland, along with senators Robert Byrd, John McClellan, Olin D. Johnston, Sam Ervin, and Strom Thurmond, made unsuccessful attempts to block confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the Federal Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court. In early 1969, Eastland went to Rhodesia and came back praising the White minority regime for the "racial harmony" supposedly lacking from America. According to Ken Flower, head of the Central Intelligence Operation, Eastland once complained about the fact an hostel of Salisbury was integrated, stating "You've inserted the thin end of the wedge by allowing stinking niggers into such a fine hotel". When he considered running for reelection in 1978, Eastland sought black support from Aaron Henry, civil rights leader and president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
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The bract subtending the individual flower, tightly embraces its base, is broadly oval in shape with a pointy tip, about ½ cm (0.2 in) wide and , very densely set with long straight silky hairs. The 4-merous perianth is cream to pale carmine in colour, very strongly curved towards the center of the flower head, 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long. The lower part that remains merged upon opening called tube is prominently inflated, long and at its widest furthest from the base, narrow and hairless near the base and densely woolly near the top. The middle part where at least one of the lobes becomes free when the flower opens (called claws), strongly flexes back, is long, suddenly narrowed above tube, and densely woolly, particularly at the margins, carmine in colour when fresh.
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The inflorescences are set just below the top of the branches; they are broadly cylinder-shaped, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) high, and topped by a flattened crest of smallish, horizontal, pinkish-purple tinged leaves. It consists of several flowerheads in the axils of golden yellow leaves with a pinkish-purple wash during flowering, at a moderate upward angle that form a hood shielding the underlying flower head. Each flowerhead contains eight to twelve individual flowers. The outer whorl of involucral bracts, that encircle the flower heads, are oval to rounded, 1– cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and – cm (0.3–0.6 in) wide. The bracts on the inside of the head are oblong or bluntly line-shaped, –2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 3–8 mm (0.12–0.32 in) wide.
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Wyethia helianthoides or mule's ear wildflower (on right) showing fasciation A "crested" saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea ), resulting from fasciation, located at Saguaro National Park (West), Arizona, U.S. Fasciation (pronounced , from the Latin root meaning "band" or "stripe"), also known as cresting, is a relatively rare condition of abnormal growth in vascular plants in which the apical meristem (growing tip), which normally is concentrated around a single point and produces approximately cylindrical tissue, instead becomes elongated perpendicularly to the direction of growth, thus producing flattened, ribbon- like, crested (or "cristate"), or elaborately contorted, tissue. Fasciation may also cause plant parts to increase in weight and volume in some instances. The phenomenon may occur in the stem, root, fruit, or flower head. Some plants are grown and prized aesthetically for their development of fasciation.
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The outer surface is hairless, but where the tube splits in four, the margins have a row of woolly hairs. The four anthers are directly attached to the 2 mm (0.08 in) long upper part of the perianth by a swollen fleshy connection. The style that is 1¾–2 cm (0.7–0.8 in) long is very strongly bent (about 180°) towards the center of the flower head, and nearer to its tip both tapers and is set with stiff hairs facing towards the base, changing to coarsely powdery further toward the base. It is topped by a slight thickening called pollen presenter, which has a cone- shape with a pointy tip, is about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, with a groove at the very end that acts as the stigma.
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Individual plants take some fifteen years before their first flower head to appear, and afterwards flower only once every three years, until they reach eighteen to twenty years of age, after which they may begin to flower every year. Although large plants produce much more, on average a mature individual will only produce 1.17 flower heads a year. Because plants take so long to mature, and, like practically all plants, only a limited amount of seedlings survive, so it is estimated that at least six ripe seed heads (infructescences) are needed to replace a plant, and that thus on average an individual plant must reach an age of over two decades for the species to be able to sustain adequate recruitment. The fruit (an achene) is stored in the old, dried, fire-resistant, woody infructescence, which remains on the plant for many years.
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The flower heads occur in groups of up to four together mostly at a right angle to the branch, each on a long stalk, are somewhat flattened globular in shape, and in diameter, arising in groups of up to 4, generally upright. The common base of the flowers in the same head is cone-shaped with a pointy tip, 1½ cm (0.6 in) high and ¾–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) wide. The bracts are very broad oval in shape with a pointy tip long and wide, with or without some soft hairs, rubbery, overlapping and pressed against the underside of the flower head. The bracts that support each flower individually (called bracteoles) is rubbery, thickly woolly at the base and hairy higher up, wraps around the base of the flower, is oval with a pointy tip, about long and mm wide.
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The flower heads are many-flowered and compact, set individually, sometimes with two or three near the end of the branches, each on a long stalk, and is shaped like half of a globe of 2–2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) in diameter. The common base of the flowers in the same head is in diameter, with a wide flat top (best seen in a flower head cut lengthwise in two equal halves). The bracts that subtend the head as a whole (called involucral bracts) are lance-shaped with a pointy tip long and 1–1½ mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide, overlapping, rubbery, softly hairy on the outer surface, with a tuft of hairs at the grey tip. The woolly bracts that subtend individual flowers are long and wide lance-shaped, the edges role inward and clasping the perianth.
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Leucadendron salignum is an evergreen, stiff, upright shrub of up to high, with soft, silky hairs pressed against the branches, with variable leaf sizes and bract colour.. Its rigid but rather thin leathery leaves are oblong linear or lance-shaped linear, long, wide, gradually pointy or with the midrib extended in a pointy tip, with soft, silky hairs pressed against the leaf surface. Like in all species of Leucadendron, the male and female flower heads are on different plants. The male flower head may be yellow or burgundy red, is cone- or egg- shaped, long, hardly about across, subtended by an involucre of several leaves of about long that are often covered in rusty-coloured soft hairs. The bract subtending the individual male flower is covered with long soft hairs, about long, oblong in shape and the tip almost pointed.
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The flower heads sitting usually solitary or grouped with two or three near the end of the branches, are egg- shaped, in diameter each on a stalk of up to 1½ cm (0.6 in) long. The common base of the flowers within the same head is cylindric with a blunt tip, 2½–4½ cm (1.0–1.8 in) long and wide. The bracts that subtend the flower head are broadly oval with a pointy tip, about long and wide, closely overlapping, rubbery in consistency, grey due to the dense soft hair. The bracts that subtend the individual flower are oval with a pointy tip, long and about wide, rubbery in consistency, embracing the foot of the perianth, densely woolly at the base, less dense nearer the tip and with a dense row of hairs around the fringes.
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Leucospermum hamatum is a crawling low shrub of no more than high that can form dense mats of in diameter, with stout branches of up to 2½ cm (1 in) thick that stretch out along ground and originate from a central stout trunk of up to 4½ cm (1.8 in) thick. The flowering branches are slim, trailing along the ground, frequently divided in two, about thick, with very few soft long hairs, mostly with one flower head at the tip of the branches and several in the axils of the furthest leaves. The leaves are alternately set, upright, narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic, 4½–6½ cm (1.8–2.6 in) long and wide, set on a leaf stalk of up to ½ cm (0.2 in) long. Near the leaf tip are usually about three teeth, sometime the margin is wholly entire.
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The lower part, where the lobes remain merged when the flower has opened (called tube) is hairless, cylinder- shaped and about 5 mm (0.2 in) long. The lobes in the middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split, are about half as wide at the tip as at the base, translucent and set with straight, spreading hairs of 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) long, except for the claw facing center of the flower head that is hairless. The upper part, which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four ellips-shaped limbs are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide felty hairy on the outside. From the perianth emerges a style that is white or flushed with pink, strongly curved towards the center of the head, narrowing near its tip, of 2–2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) long.
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Second son of Sir William Henry Flower FRS and his wife Georgiana Rosetta, daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth FRS, he was born on 1 August 1871 in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of which his father was then Curator, The main exhibit room of the Hunterian Museum in 1853 and was baptised in St Cross Church, Oxford on 3 September 1871.Oxfordshire Family History Society, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; Anglican Parish Registers; Reference Number: PAR199/1/R2/2 Among his first cousins were Sir Archibald Dennis Flower, head of the family brewery, the soldier Nevill Smyth VC, and Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scout movement. Taking an early interest in natural history, from the age of eleven he regularly went to meetings of the Zoological Society of London with his father. After attending Wellington College, Berkshire, he studied at King's College London and joined the Artists' Rifles.
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Fluffy flowers of Tetradenia riparia (misty plume bush) Flowers of Malus sylvestris (crab apple) Flowers and leaves of Senecio angulatus (creeping groundsel) Two bees on the composite flower head of creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago). Fossil angiosperm-like pollen from the Middle Triassic (247.2–242.0 Ma) suggests an older date for their origin. A close relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes, proposed on the basis of morphological evidence, has more recently been disputed on the basis of molecular evidence that suggest gnetophytes are instead more closely related to other gymnosperms. The fossil plant species Nanjinganthus dendrostyla from Early Jurassic China seems to share many exclusively angiosperm features, such as a thickened receptacle with ovules, and thus might represent a crown-group or a stem-group angiosperm.
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Catamixis baccharoides is a shrub of ¾–1¾ m (2½–5¾ ft) high, with straight, shyly branching stems, which are circular in cross-section, initially covered in silky hairs pressed to the surface, but later becoming hairless, carrying alternately set leaves close together, which leave distinct marks after being shed. The leaves are leathery and hairless, 3½—8 cm (1.4–3.2 in) long and 1½—3½ cm (0.6–1.4 in) wide, spoon-shaped, the base tapering into the stalk, while the margin is somewhat wavy, with distanced rounded teeth particularly in the upper half. The flower heads are set in corymbs at the end of the branches or in the leaf axils. Each flower head consists of an involucre, high, with several whorls of lanceolate bracts narrowing into the tip, with papery edges, and contains mostly five, sometimes four or six, hermaphrodite creamy white ligulate florets of 3¾ cm (1½ in), ending in five shallow, but irregular lobes.
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The common base of the flowers in the same head is low cone-shaped, about 7 mm (0.28 in) in both height and width. The bracts that subtend the flower head are pointy or suddenly pointed, about 5 mm (0.2 in) wide and 7–10 mm (0.28–0.40 in) long, overlapping, rubbery in consistency, softly hairy and with a tightly spaced, regular row of equal length hairs along its margin. The bract subtending the individual flower is egg-shaped, 8–10 mm long and 5–6 mm wide at base and abruptly pointed at the tip, rubbery in consistency and woolly hairy at its base, again with the margins set with a tightly spaced, regular row of equal length hairs. The 4-merous perianth is very small for a Leucospermum, 1½–1¾ cm (0.6–0.7 in) long, pale cream to translucent in colour, strongly curved towards the center of the head in the bud.
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Tablet to Thomas Green, and his wife aged 5 [sic] On the south aisle south wall at the west end is a white marble memorial tablet with entablature, set on a grey marble surround, to Samuel Darby (died 1819), and his wife, Frances (died 1837). To its east is a wall memorial as an oval white marble plaque set on a grey marble field, set within a fluted pilaster frame with flower-head devices at the top corners. The plaque is supported below by a fluted shelf held by floriate-carved corbels, with apron between. Above the pilasters is a shelf on which sits a carved marble relief chalice with decorative friezing. This memorial is to Thomas Green, who died 1793, and his wife, Susannah, who died 1801, aged 5 years [sic]. Further to the east is a grey marble oval plaque supported by a single scrolled corbel, to Colby Graves (died 1799, aged 17), and his mother Grace Graves (died 1824, aged 75).
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The involucre is broadly bell-shaped, long and usually , exceptionally up to in diameter. The outer bracts are narrowly oval in shape, mostly (but up to 11 mm) long and 1–2 mm (full range 1–3 mm) wide, with pointy tips and a purplish, woolly fringed margin and the surface with few woolly and glandular hairs. The inner whorl of bracts are very narrowly inverted egg-shaped to oblong, usually , rarely up to long and 1–2 mm (0.07–0.08 in) wide with the tip tapering to a point, a papery margin, purple in upper part, long woolly fringed and the surface almost hairless. Each flower head has about twenty female ray florets, with line-shaped, pink, bright violet or whitish straps of 9–11 sometimes up to 30 mm long, mostly with three (sometimes five or seven) veins, with three teeth at the tip, and the tube at its base with many glandular hairs.
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Leucospermum saxosum is an upright, evergreen shrub of up to high, with many stems originating directly from the woody underground rootstock. The stems are upright, in diameter and have a dense covering of fine twisted hairs and a few long erect hairs. The lance-shaped, elliptic or almost linear leaves of 5½–11½ cm (2.2–4.6 in) long and ½–2½ cm (0.2–1.0 in) wide, with a narrow, wedge- shaped base either or not with a short leaf stalk, and wider towards the tip, usually having three to six teeth near the tip, but these are sometimes absent. The egg-shaped flower heads of in diameter mostly sit individually but sometimes with two together on the branches. Each flower head is atop a 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long stalk and subtended by two or three whorls of overlapping, softly hairy, rubbery, oval bracts long and with a suddenly pointed tip.
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Meadowsweet flower head, remains of which were found in the burial cairn on Fan Foel There is a Bronze Age burial cairn at the summit of Fan Foel, and it was excavated in 2002–4 with the results published in 2014 in Archaeologia Cambrensis. The round barrow was about 16 metres (about 52 feet) wide and was badly eroded with stones from the structure removed to build a central cairn by passing walkers. Excavation of the barrow showed that it contained two separate burials, the central one in a stone cist contained the burnt bones of an adult woman and two children carbon dated to about 2000 BC. The ground surface beneath the barrow was carbon dated to about 2300 BC. The cist also contained a broken pottery food vessel decorated in the style of the Beaker people as well as a chert knife. The second burial was somewhat later and contained a broken collared urn with a rare belt hook, indicating a wealthy person.
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The flowers open in a spiral. The flower heads are initially egg-shaped, later more flattened, 10–12 cm (4.0–4.8 in) across, almost seated or with a stalk of at most 1½ cm (0.6 in) long. The common base of the flowers in the same head are narrowly cone-shaped with a pointy tip, about 4 cm (1.6 in) long and 1 cm (0.4 in) across its base. The bracts subtending the flower head are pointy oval in shape, 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) wide, cartillaginous near its base and papery towards the tip, with a regular row of short equal length hairs along its edges and a tuft of longer, stiff and straight hairs at the tip. The bracts subtending the individual flowers are about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and ½ cm (0.2 in) wide, pointy lance-shaped with a slightly recurved tip, very thickly woolly at the base and covered with fine silky hair further up. The 4-merous perianth is 4½–5 cm long and pale greenish yellow in colour.
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Leucospermum harpagonatum is an evergreen crawling shrublet of about 15 cm (6 in) high that can form dense mats of in diameter, with branches originating from a single trunk and radiating out. The flowering branches are reddish, initially finely powdery but soon becoming hairless, in diameter, and bear many stalked flower heads. It has line-shaped upright leaves of 5½–11 cm (2.2–4.4 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide, narrowing into the leaf stalk, with an entire margin and rounded top with a single amber-colored thickening at the very tip. The upper surface of the leathery leafblade is somewhat concave, with slightly incurved margins. Each flower head mostly consists of eight to ten, sometimes up to twelve 4-merous, bisexual flowers in a single whorl of 2¾–3 cm (1.1–1.2 in) in diameter on a leaf stalk of 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) long. Each flowerhead is subtended by a prominent involucre consting of 25–35 overlapping, oval or broadly oval bracts of long and wide, with a tuft of long straight hairs, pointy tips, which are bent somewhat outward.
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When the flowers open, the styles grow rapidly, first breaking through the perianth claws and curve away from the center of the head, until the pollen presenter also ruptures the limbs at the top of the perianth. The common base has a pointy, narrow cone- shape, is 5–5½ cm (2.0–2.2 in) long and 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) across. The bracts subtending the flower head are pointy oval in shape, 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and about 7 mm (0.28 in) wide, tightly pressed against the common base and overlapping, thin and papery imbricate, the outer surface initially covered in powdery hairs that soon wear off, and with a regular row of equal length hairs along its edge. The bract subtending the individual flower is pointy to pointed lance-shaped, enveloping the perianth at its foot, with the margins folded inwards, about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.32–0.40 in) wide, thickly covered in woolly hairs at its foot, with a regular row of equal length hairs along the edges and a tuft of tough straight hairs at the tip. The 4-merous perianth is about 5 cm (2 in) and golden yellow in colour.
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The oval-leaf pincushion is a slender, stiffly upright and very sparsely branching evergreen shrublet mostly 1–1½ m, occasionally up to 2 m (6 ft) high, with a single basal stem. The flowering stems are slender, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) in diameter, densely set with soft hairs. The leaves are small for a Leucospermum species, rounded egg-shaped to oval with entire margins, 1–2½ cm (0.4–1.0 in) long and ½–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) wide, densely overlapping, covered with fine silky hairs. The flower heads are globe-shaped, 1½–2 cm (0.6-0.8 in) in diameter, without a stalk, usually crowded with two to eight together near the end of the stems. The common base of the flowers in the same head is flat and 4–5 mm in diameter. The bracts subtending the flower head are arranged in three or four whorls, each broadly lance-shaped to oval, with a pointy or blunt tip, 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) wide, papery in consistency and with a thin tuft of long straight hair at its tip, with a regular row of straight hairs along the margin but otherwise without hairs.
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The inflorescences are broadly cylinder-shaped, 8–14 cm (3¼–5¾ in) long and 8–9 cm (3¼–3½ in) in diameter, with a tuft of smaller, pinkish, not very upright leaves. It consists of up to fourteen flower head that each contain nine to fourteen individual flowers and sit in the axil of an ordinary flat green leaf. The outer whorl of bracts that encircle the flower heads are bright yellow with red tips, pointy lance-shaped, 1½–4 cm (0.6–1.6 in) long and ½–1¼ cm (0.2–0.5 in) wide, papery in consistency, mostly hairless but sometime with a few silky hairs, the margins towards the tip with a row of silky hairs, and are tightly enveloping the flowers. The inner bracts are narrowly lance-shaped with a pointy tip, sickle-shaped, thinly papery in consistency, 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide, slightly silky hairy along the margins. The bract subtending the individual flower is line- to awl-shaped, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) long and about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide, hairless except for a row of minute hairs along the edges. The 4-merous perianth is 3–4 cm (1.2–1.4 in) long and straight.
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2007, and Fornarino et al. 2009). Like O-M7, O-M117 has been found with greatly varying frequency in many samples of Hmong-Mien-speaking peoples, such as Mienic peoples (7/20 = 35.0% Mountain Straggler Mien, 9/28 = 32.1% Blue Kimmun, 6/19 = 31.6% Flower Head Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Top Board Mien, 3/11 = 27.3% Thin Board Mien, 11/47 = 23.4% Western Mien, 6/33 = 18.2% Northern Mien, 5/31 = 16.1% Lowland Yao, 5/35 = 14.3% Yao from Liannan, Guangdong, 5/37 = 13.5% Zaomin, 5/41 = 12.2% Lowland Kimmun, 3/41 = 7.3% Native Mien, 2/31 = 6.5% Southern Mien, 2/32 = 6.3% Mountain Kimmun, but 0/35 Yao from Bama, Guangxi), She (6/34 = 17.6% She, 4/56 = 7.1% Northern She), and Hmongic peoples (9/100 = 9.0% Miao from Hunan, 4/51 = 7.8% Hmong Daw from northern Laos, 3/49 = 6.1% Miao from Yunnan, 1/49 = 2.0% Miao from Guizhou, but 0/36 Bunu from Guangxi) (Cai et al. 2011 and Xue et al. 2006). In Meghalaya, a predominantly tribal state of Northeast India, O-M133 has been found in 19.7% (14/71) of a sample of the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Garos, but in only 6.2% (22/353, ranging from 0/32 Bhoi to 6/44 = 13.6% Pnar) of a pool of eight samples of the neighboring Khasian-speaking tribes (Reddy et al. 2007).
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