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190 Sentences With "filtering in"

How to use filtering in in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "filtering in" and check conjugation/comparative form for "filtering in". Mastering all the usages of "filtering in" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Results from primaries and runoffs in seven states are filtering in.
Filtering in Excel allows you to organize your data in multiple ways.
The next thing he knew, warm sunlight was filtering in through the curtains.
Worshippers from all three were filtering in, many of them older, taking their time.
You receive perfection at the table, the sunlight filtering in through the demi curtains.
It was Friday evening, the first night of Grindfest, and people were still filtering in.
Soon the 2 o'clock group began filtering in, but Ms. Brie wasn't ready to leave.
Pépé was sitting in his recliner by a window, sunlight filtering in through the sheer curtains.
Automated "offensive comment" filtering launched in June 2017, followed by automated "bullying comment" filtering in May 2018.
Detroit's Susanne Hilberry Gallery is an expansive space with calm, muted light filtering in from large windows.
The Yankees' opponents usually take batting practice after the gates have opened and fans start filtering in.
Other measures include using natural materials, filtering in sunlight, installing "green" walls, water features or plant features.
The word is that recently the Border has become much more porous and more has been filtering in.
Reviews of the product have started filtering in a week or so after the product hit the market.
But this didn't impact the buzz within the bar and people were still filtering in for an after dinner tipple. 
When a person ingests potassium iodine, the thyroid gland becomes "full," preventing radioactive iodine from filtering in for 24 hours.
Nevertheless, these blocks are an interesting example of the increasing use of censorship by web filtering in the United Kingdom.
There is a time window when you can go so I'm sure people were just filtering in and out the entire day.
Today, almost seven years later, evaluations of CMS' various ACO models are filtering in, and not all of the news is positive.
The UHD60 boasts 3,000 lumens, which makes for a very bright picture that's visible even during the daytime with some ambient light filtering in.
Democratic strategist James Carville expressed similar sentiments earlier in the night as initial results from Florida, Georgia, Indiana and other states began filtering in.
Bernie Sanders came out swinging during CNN's Democratic debate in Flint, Michigan, on Sunday, just as the results of the Maine caucuses were filtering in.
In the early evening, the space—red leather booths, steel tabletops—feels like a cozy, empty diner, with diffuse light filtering in through wavy glass blocks.
Traffic's practically non-existent; the cool night air is filtering in, and my stereo is blaring the soundtrack from Moana, my son's hero and our default car entertainment.
But it seems they finally have things in order and will have the filtering in place by 2019, following public pressure from activist groups like Enough is Enough.
In addition, a $9 million grant was given to the University of Toronto to fund projects aimed at circumventing government-backed firewalls and internet filtering in states like Iran.
To see Perspective's comment filtering in action, check out the video below: While this may be a small step for human moderators, it's a positive leap for comment readers everywhere.
K." for the warm up, and as soon as he took the ice, the sparse crowd that was still filtering in immediately blew up with cheers, followed by a "P.
Looking out the bedroom window of her Cotswolds home, hair mussed, early morning sunlight filtering in, Brooks projects innocence, youth and womanly allure at once, just like the nightgown itself.
He's also filtering in some Italian-inspired dishes, like a calamari arrabbiata that was tender and flavorful, though a little membrane inside the squid rings was a bit of a turnoff.
However, if you don't mind a little background noise filtering in (and don't want to drop a lot of cash), a pair of foam earplugs will do the job just fine.
Waldseemüller and his partner Matthias Ringmann set out to create a new edition of Ptolemy that would correct some of these errors and incorporate new discoveries filtering in from explorers like Columbus.
I'm just making these up but you kind of see... To your point, it's going to be both filtering out stuff you don't care about and filtering in the stuff you're interested in.
Even as Democratic lawmakers were filtering in and out of the closed-door interview expressing frustration, the White House insisted that it was cooperating fully with the committee's investigation into Russia's election interference.
Its current horrifying condition can be traced back to a combination of chemicals in the water filtering in from the city's clogged and polluted freshwater canals and encroaching salt water from the Persian Gulf.
The gallery creates an immersive environment with black walls and warm yellow fluorescent lights that highlight the sunlight filtering in through de Nieves's own creation of faux stained-glass using beads and glass paint.
After the gates did open, and the Twins began taking batting practice, some of the fans who began filtering in headed to the outfield seats in hopes of catching a ball hit over the fence.
The game's website describes how this phenomenon, called "collaborative filtering," works: Collaborative filtering in dating means that the earliest and most numerous users of the app have outsize influence on the profiles later users see.
One theory, perhaps an optimistic one, is that once the current generation of players leaves the game, baseball will move close to being tobacco-free because the new players filtering in will be under a total ballpark ban.
More than 2,500 invited guests assembled on a gusty summer evening inside the monumental cast-iron and glass cathedral that is the Grand Palais, natural light still filtering in well into the night on the cusp of the solstice.
Oringer, the outgoing CEO, has defended the Chinese filtering in a memo to employees, arguing that the downside is outweighed by the benefit of providing up to 1.3 billion Chinese users with access to the vast majority of the company's material.
"Now, we actually mandate that our producers have to be wrapped up and done and we're getting to the site 10 minutes before kickoff, because we want to be in the tunnel even as the players are just filtering in," Rosenfeld said.
Sports Business LOS ANGELES — During the first timeout, a few minutes into Wednesday's game between the Los Angeles Clippers and the Oklahoma City Thunder at Staples Center here, Steven A. Ballmer looked up from his courtside seat at the fans still filtering in.
The Spurs Never Shy Away from Teaching Moments With so many new players filtering in and through the Spurs' rotation this season, San Antonio has been a place where hard lessons are learned and mistakes are corrected almost as soon as they're made.
He was sitting on the edge of our bed, his profile illuminated by light filtering in from the Brooklyn street lamp outside our window, and he kept trying to take his shoes off but he was just tipping over and crashing to the floor.
The first condition is trivially easy and is just a matter of having an ECU connected to the bus that has no filtering in place, such that it receives every message on the network and can determine based on this what the next message's ID will be.
The imaginative, mischievous structure is like something out of "Alice in Wonderland" or Willy Wonka's chocolate factory: Colorful, playful shapes and glittering bits of glass are engaged in a spectacular dialogue with sensual curved woods in a way that seems to perfectly capture the light filtering in from the Passeig de Gràcia.
"Our findings raise the question of whether mandatory state-funded Internet filtering in schools should still be regarded as a cost-effective intervention, while also providing a clear rationale for investigation of other preventative methods, such as age verification tools, or educational strategies to support responsible behavior online and promote resilience," the authors wrote.
Song, Jonghyuk, Sangho Lee, and Jong Kim."Spam filtering in twitter using sender-receiver relationship." Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
Efficient Multicore Collaborative Filtering. In ACM KDD CUP workshop 2011. Most of the utilized algorithms and techniques are now part of the GraphLab Collaborative FIltering Toolkit.
Malvar earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Brasília and his master's degree at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1986, where his thesis was on "Optimal pre- and post- filtering in noisy sampled-data systems,"H. S. Malvar. Optimal pre- and post- filtering in noisy sampled-data systems.
Using visual features for anti-spam filtering. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing, Vol. III.pp. 501–504.Liu, Q., Qin, Z., Cheng, H., Wan, M., 2010.
A ban on all software and websites related to circumventing internet filtering in Russia, including VPN software, anonymizers, and instructions on how to circumvent government website blocking, was passed in 2017.
Beyond computational geometry, and apply fractional cascading in the design of data structures for fast packet filtering in internet routers. use fractional cascading as a model for data distribution and retrieval in sensor networks.
The primary engine of Iran's censorship is the content-control software SmartFilter, developed by San Jose firm Secure Computing.OpenNet Initiative (2006). "Internet Filtering in Iran in 2004–2005: A Country Study" . Retrieved December 9, 2006.
Compression and Filtering, in PNG: The Definitive Guide by Greg Roelofs. Thus, if both of these formats are options and file size is an important criterion, they should both be considered, depending on the image.
There is no indication that Internet access in the territory differs from that in internationally recognized Morocco, which was generally open."Western Sahara", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 17 April 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014. Morocco was listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas and as little or no evidence of filtering in the political area by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in August 2009.
As of 2012, one report suggests that, contrary to general opinion about the lack of BCP 38 deployment, some 80% of the Internet (by various measures) were already applying anti-spoofing packet filtering in their networks.
In October 2012 the OpenNet Initiative listed Ethiopia as engaged in pervasive Internet filtering in the political area, selective filtering in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas, and there is no evidence of filtering in the social area, and by ONI in October 2012.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012 and "Country Profiles", the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa Blocked content was found to be blocked through the use of forged TCP RST (reset) packets, a method that is not transparent to users. Ethiopia remains a highly restrictive environment in which to express political dissent online. The government of Ethiopia has long filtered critical and oppositional political content.
Example of signal filtering. In this configuration, the inductor blocks AC current, while allowing DC current to pass. decouples DC current, while allowing AC current to pass. Inductors are used extensively in analog circuits and signal processing.
Armenia is listed as engaged in substantial filtering in the political area and selective filtering in the social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in November 2010."ONI Country Profile: Armenia", OpenNet Initiative, 17 November 2010 Access to the Internet in Armenia is largely unfettered, although evidence of second and third-generation filtering is mounting. Armenia's political climate is volatile and largely unpredictable. In times of political unrest, the government has not hesitated to put in place restrictions on the Internet as a means to curtail public protest and discontent.
In this situations frequency discrimination filtering does not work since the noise and useful signal are indistinguishable and where AVT excels. To achieve filtering in such conditions there are several methods/algorithms available which are briefly described below.
Item-item collaborative filtering had less error than user-user collaborative filtering. In addition, its less-dynamic model was computed less often and stored in a smaller matrix, so item-item system performance was better than user-user systems.
They prepare their own colours. White colour is made from the conch- shells by powdering, boiling and filtering in a very hazardous process. It requires a lot of patience. But this process gives brilliance and premanence to the hue.
3196-3024,See publication hereWan Mohd Yaakob Wan Bejuri, Mohd Murtadha Mohamad, Raja Zahilah Raja Mohd Radzi, Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh (2019). An Improved Resampling Scheme for Particle Filtering in Inertial Navigation System. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11432, pp.
For journalists working in Latin America, death threats are commonplace. Because of threats from local drug cartels or other gangs and individuals, many journalists practice self-censorship, including many in Colombia who avoid reporting on corruption, drug trafficking, or violence by armed groups because of such threats."ONI: Regional Overview: Latin America", OpenNet Initiative Colombia was classified as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the social area with little or no evidence of filtering in the political, conflict/security, or Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative in 2011.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 20 September 2013.
It is most commonly implemented for pre- or post- filtering, in a separate step than ceramic filtering, in either case being implemented prior to the addition of chemical disinfectants used to control bacteria or viruses that filters cannot remove. Activated charcoal can remove chlorine from treated water, removing any residual protection remaining in the water protecting against pathogens, and should not, in general, be used without careful thought after chemical disinfection treatments in portable water purification processing. Ceramic/Carbon Core filters with a 0.5 µm or smaller pore size are excellent for removing bacteria and cysts while also removing chemicals.
Internet filtering in Indonesia was deemed 'substantial' in the social arena, 'selective' in the political and internet tools arenas, and there was no evidence of filtering in the conflict/security arena by the OpenNet Initiative in 2011 based on testing done during 2009 and 2010. Testing also showed that Internet filtering in Indonesia is unsystematic and inconsistent, illustrated by the differences found in the level of filtering between ISPs."Indonesia country profile", Access Contested, Ronald Deibert, et al., MIT Press and OpenNet Initiative, November 2011 Indonesia was rated "partly free" in Freedom on the Net 2015 with a score of 42, midway between the end of the "free" range at 30 and the start of the "not free" range at 60."Country Report: Indonesia", Freedom on the Net 2015, Freedom House, April 2015 Although the government of Indonesia holds a positive view about the internet as a means for economic development, it has become increasingly concerned over the impact of access to information.
White colour is made from the conch-shells by powdering, boiling and filtering in a very hazardous process. It requires a lot of patience. But this process gives brilliance and premanence to the hue. 'Hingula', a mineral colour, is used for red.
It is important to note that choosing other wavelets, levels, and thresholding strategies can result in different types of filtering. In this example, white Gaussian noise was chosen to be removed. Although, with different thresholding, it could just as easily have been amplified.
In February 2007 Austrian authorities were able to uncover a "child-pornography ring" involving seventy- seven countries, based on a report by a man working for a Vienna-based Internet file-hosting service."Internet Filtering in Europe 2006-2007", OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
In June, Eyad Qunaibi, an Islamic preacher, was arrested after posting Facebook comments criticizing the liberal lifestyle of a segment of the Jordanian society. Jordan is listed as engaged in selective internet filtering in the political area and as showing no evidence of filtering in the social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in August 2009. Internet censorship in Jordan is relatively light, with filtering selectively applied to only a small number of sites. However, media laws and regulations encourage some measure of self-censorship in cyberspace, and citizens have reportedly been questioned and arrested for Web content they have authored.
In September 2009 the OpenNet Initiative found little or no evidence of Internet filtering in all four areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) for which it tests. Though Uganda has made great technological strides in recent years, the country still faces a number of challenges in obtaining affordable, reliable Internet bandwidth. This, rather than a formal government-sponsored filtering regime, is the major obstacle to Internet access. Just prior to the presidential elections in February 2006, the Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) blocked the anti-government Web site RadioKatwe in the only internationally reported case of Internet filtering in Uganda to that date.
Italy is listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the social area and no evidence of filtering was found in the political, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative in December 2010."ONI Country Profile: Italy", OpenNet Initiative, 15 December 2010 Access to almost seven thousand websites is filtered in the country.Osservatorio sulla censura di Internet in Italia Filtering in Italy is applied against child pornography, gambling, and some P2P web sites. Starting in February 2009, The Pirate Bay website and IP address are unreachable from Italy,The Pirate Bay To Be Censored in Italy, Again blocked directly by Internet service providers.
The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence and the government generally respects these prohibitions. In 2004, the police in Spain arrested ninety people in an operation against the distribution of child pornography."Internet Filtering in Europe 2006-2007", OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
Listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the political and social areas and as little or no evidence of filtering in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in December 2010."ONI Country Profile: Kyrgyzstan", OpenNet Initiative, 18 December 2010 Access to the Internet in Kyrgyzstan has deteriorated as heightened political tensions have led to more frequent instances of second- and third-generation controls. The government has become more sensitive to the Internet's influence on domestic politics and enacted laws that increase its authority to regulate the sector. Liberalization of the telecommunications market in Kyrgyzstan has made the Internet affordable for the majority of the population.
Laos is included in the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) Regional Overview for Asia (2009). ONI found no evidence of Internet filtering in the political, social, conflict/security, and tools areas based on testing performed in 2011.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 20 September 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
In this way, soft zoning is similar to the computing concept of security through obscurity. In contrast, hard zoning restricts actual communication across a fabric. This requires efficient hardware implementation (frame filtering) in the fabric switches, but is much more secure. That stated, modern switches will employ hard zoning when you implement soft.
Listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the political and conflict/security areas and as no evidence of filtering in the social and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in November 2010."ONI Country Profile: Georgia", OpenNet Initiative, November 2010 Access to Internet content in Georgia is largely unrestricted as the legal constitutional framework, developed after the 2003 Rose Revolution, established a series of provisions that should, in theory, curtail any attempts by the state to censor the Internet. At the same time, these legal instruments have not been sufficient to prevent limited filtering on corporate and educational networks. Georgia's dependence on international connectivity makes it vulnerable to upstream filtering, evident in the March 2008 blocking of YouTube by Turk Telecom.
Listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the political and conflict/security areas and as no evidence of filtering in the social and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in November 2010."ONI Country Profile: Georgia", OpenNet Initiative, November 2010 Access to Internet content in Georgia is largely unrestricted as the legal constitutional framework, developed after the 2003 Rose Revolution, established a series of provisions that should, in theory, curtail any attempts by the state to censor the Internet. At the same time, these legal instruments have not been sufficient to prevent limited filtering on corporate and educational networks. Georgia’s dependence on international connectivity makes it vulnerable to upstream filtering, evident in the March 2008 blocking of YouTube by Turk Telecom.
However, hackers use the same technique to maneuver around network permissions without revealing their identity. Some networks use MAC filtering in order to prevent unwanted access. Hackers can use MAC spoofing to get access to a particular network and do some damage. Hackers' MAC spoofing pushes the responsibility for any illegal activity onto authentic users.
Laos is included in the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) Regional Overview for Asia (2009)."ONI Regional Overview: Asia", OpenNet Initiative, June 2009. ONI found no evidence of Internet filtering in the political, social, conflict/security, and tools areas based on testing performed in 2011."Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", OpenNet Initiative, 20 September 2013.
This is sometimes called the bed of nails. Pulse-Doppler signal processing includes frequency filtering in the detection process. The space between each transmit pulse is divided into range cells or range gates. Each cell is filtered independently much like the process used by a spectrum analyzer to produce the display showing different frequencies.
On the morning of 29 April 2017, Turkey Blocks broke news of the nationwide block of all language editions of the Wikipedia online encyclopedia. The alert, cited widely by international media and Turkish national broadcaster TRT, described a scheme of "filtering [...] in addition to DNS spoofing" applied by service providers to restrict access to the popular website.
To allow for disambiguation, Twing.com is utilizing interface concepts such as Faceted Search and Filtering in the Search Engine Result Pages, (SERPs). These are advanced search methods that attempt to assist users with their information foraging efforts by keeping them on an information scent trail. Category filters, based on the directory taxonomy, are one of the filtering methods available.
Government-mandated Internet censorship is nonexistent due to the house of representatives speaking out against filtering on multiple occasions, although there have been proposals to filter child pornography and the Netherlands, like many countries, is grappling with how to prevent or control copyright infringement on the Internet. Internet filtering in the Netherlands is not classified by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI).
This research > has been covered in news media around the world, including the front page of > The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Globe and Mail, and the Jakarta > Post. Following the 2011 publication of "Behind Blue Coat: Investigations of > Commercial Filtering in Syria and Burma", Blue Coat Systems officially > announced that it would no longer provide "support, updates. or other > services" to software in Syria.
Unlike most digital cameras, there is no IR or UV filtering in front of the image sensor. This results in a wide spectral response of approximately 1000 nm to 380 nm (infrared to ultraviolet). Suitable external bandpass filters are required to photograph in IR or UV wavelengths. Infrared filters are readily available at low cost from many sources, but ultraviolet filters – and suitable lenses – can be expensive.
Currently, devices combining different sensors are being developed, e.g. attitude and heading reference system. Because the navigation error is mainly influenced by the numerical integration of angular rates and accelerations, the Pressure Reference System was developed to use one numerical integration of the angular rate measurements. Estimation theory in general and Kalman filtering in particular,Applied Optimal Estimation, Arthur Gelb (Editor), M.I.T. Press, 1974.
In 2011 the OpenNet Initiative reported no evidence of Internet filtering in all areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) for which it tests."Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", OpenNet Initiative, 20 September 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013. There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without appropriate legal authority.
In mid-2012 Pakistanis had relatively free access to a wide range of content, including most sexual, political, social, and religious sites on the Internet. The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the conflict/security area, and as selective in the political, social, and Internet tools areas in August 2012."ONI Country Profile: Pakistan" , OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
There is also an approach specialised for texture mapping called mipmapping, which works by creating lower resolution, pre-filtered versions of the texture map. When rendering the image, the appropriate-resolution mipmap is chosen and hence the texture pixels (texels) are already filtered when they arrive on the screen. Mipmapping is generally combined with various forms of texture filtering in order to improve the final result.
In 1998, a United States federal district court in Virginia ruled (Loudoun v. Board of Trustees of the Loudoun County Library) that the imposition of mandatory filtering in a public library violates the First Amendment. In 1996 the US Congress passed the Communications Decency Act, banning indecency on the Internet. Civil liberties groups challenged the law under the First Amendment, and in 1997 the Supreme Court ruled in their favor.
This effort was suspended in 2004, and no further action has been taken since."Social Filtering", Internet Filtering in Europe 2006-2007, OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 29 October 2013. In December 2002 a local Swiss magistrate ordered several Swiss ISPs to block access to three Web sites hosted in the United States that were strongly critical of Swiss courts, and to modify their DNS-servers to block the domain appel-au-people.org.
Additionally, if the converter loads the input with sharp load edges, the converter can emit RF noise from the supplying power lines. This should be prevented with proper filtering in the input stage of the converter. ;Output noise :The output of an ideal DC-to-DC converter is a flat, constant output voltage. However, real converters produce a DC output upon which is superimposed some level of electrical noise.
Initially one other compartment was an algal cultivator, and the other two 'phytotrons' for growing wheat or vegetables. The plants growing in the two 'phytotrons' contributed approximately 25% of the air filtering in the compound. Later the algal cultivator was converted into a third phytotron. A level of light comparable to sunlight was supplied in each of the 4 compartments by 20 kW xenon lamps, cooled by water jackets.
There is no OpenNet Initiative country profile for Croatia, but it is shown as little or no evidence of Internet filtering in all areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) on the ONI global Internet filtering maps."Global Internet Filtering Maps", OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 28 September 2011. The constitution and law generally provide for freedom of speech and the press; however, growing economic pressures lead journalists to practice self-censorship.
Sonja Kangas, Collaborative Filtering and Recommendation Systems [Electronic resource] Finland: VTT Information Technology, 2002 The participant should be inclined to share perceptions with people who have similar preferences. Suggestions are then provided to the participant based on their predicted preferences. Psychographic filtering differs from collaborative filtering in that it classifies similar people into a specific psychographic profile where predictions of preferences are based upon that psychographic profile type.
In August 2009 no evidence of filtering was found by ONI in all areas. The Orthodox Jewish parties in Israel came up with an internet filtering law, only making pornographic Internet site access permissive for users who identify themselves as adults and request not to be subject to filtering. In February 2008 the law passed in its first of three votes required, however, the government's law committee declined it.
Shirky calls this mass amateurization of filtering a forced move. He uses the Portland Pattern Repository, which introduced the wiki concept that inspired Wikipedia, as an example of this new marriage of mass content creation and mass filtering. In 2010 Shirky published Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age which expands on themes introduced in Here Comes Everybody. The book follows concepts he introduced in a Web 2.
Bahrain has been connected to the internet since 1995, and made it readily available to its citizens. The country's domain suffix is '.bh'. A 2004 study showed a liberal filtering system is used in Bahrain, one which can be easily bypassed, however more recent events have shown more sophisticated and pervasive filtering. In January 2009, Bahrain has started blocking a vastly increased number of sites through the Information Affairs Authority (IAA).
In 2006 Reporters Without Borders (RWB) removed Libya from their list of Internet enemies after a fact-finding visit found no evidence of Internet censorship.List of the 13 Internet enemies Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 11 July 2006. The OpenNet Initiative’s 2007–2008 technical test results contradicted that conclusion, however. In 2009 ONI classified Internet filtering in Libya as selective in the political area and as no evidence in social, conflict/security, and Internet tools.
" The Guardian reviewed it as "a beautifully realized debut. Using synth oozes, phased and echoed guitars and pianos and chilled beats, his wonderful tunes drift from calm to eerie power like a restless sea. It will delight any lovers of beautiful music." DJ Magazine gave it 4/5 stars, and stated "Piano, guitar strings and slow beats blend like the clouds at sunset (or an opiate smoothy) filtering in and out like elegantly wasted beauty.
In 2005, authorities arrested 40 people in a raid on a local Internet café because an e-mail insulting Mugabe was sent from the location. The OpenNet Initiative conducted testing on Zimbabwean ISP CABSAS in September 2008 and found no evidence of filtering. In 2017 it was announced that a new Board Of Censors headed by Home Affairs Minister Ignatius Chombo will be commissioned to tackle the spread of information in the digital age.
Typically, one candidate key is chosen as the primary key. Other candidate keys become alternate keys, each of which may have a unique constraint assigned to it in order to prevent duplicates (a duplicate entry is not valid in a unique column).Alternate key - Oracle FAQ Alternate keys may be used like the primary key when doing a single-table select or when filtering in a where clause, but are not typically used to join multiple tables.
Microprocessor-controlled appliances, anything with a clock signal, and switching voltage regulators all make some kind of noise, at the repetition frequency and at harmonics. In most countries, government agencies regulate how much leakage is tolerated. This prevents leakage from cable television systems, for example, from interfering with radio communications between aircraft and control towers. Because it costs money to filter out noise, there is always a balance struck between regulatory compliance and perfect filtering in these devices.
The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010. In late 2010 Pakistanis enjoyed unimpeded access to most sexual, political, social, and religious content on the Internet. Although the Pakistani government does not employ a sophisticated blocking system, a limitation which has led to collateral blocks on entire domains such as Blogspot.com and YouTube.
Microaneurysms and hemorrhages are red lesions that appear dark after application of green channel filtering. In contrast, exudates, which appear yellow in normal image, are transformed into bright white spots after green filtering. This technique is mostly used according to the 2014 review, with appearance in 27 out of 40 published articles in the past three years. In addition, green channel filtering can be used to detect center of optic disc in conjunction with double-windowing system.
The suit was settled in March, 2011, and once again included an agreement that the defendant would implement digital fingerprint filtering. In July 2011, Pink Visual filed suit against Motherless.com, alleging copyright infringement in connection with 19 Pink Visual works, as well as unfair competition for its failure to abide by the adult industries’ age verification and record keeping requirements. Motherless won the case, with the judge ruling they were entitled to the DMCA's safe- harbor provisions.
President Karzai denied these were instructions, saying they were merely guidelines and a request for media cooperation. Restricted activities included the publication or broadcasting of exaggerated reports against national unity or peace; decrees, statements and interviews of armed organizations and terrorist groups; and even the proscription against news on terrorism serving as the lead story. OpenNet Initiative testing found no evidence of filtering in Afghanistan, although testing was not as extensive there as it was in some other countries.
New categories for policy settings include power management, device installations, security settings, Internet Explorer settings, and printer settings, among others. Group Policy settings also need to be used, to enable two way communication filtering in the Windows Firewall, which by default enables only incoming data filtering. Printer settings can be used to install printers based on the network location. Whenever the user connects to a different network, the available printers are updated for the new network.
The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) classified Mauritania as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the political area and found no evidence of filtering in the social, security/conflict, and Internet tools areas in 2009.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012, the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, OttawaDue to legal concerns the OpenNet Initiative does not check for filtering of child pornography and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship. There is no individual ONI country profile for Mauritania, but it is included in the ONI regional overview for the Middle East and North Africa."ONI Regional Overview: Middle East and North Africa", OpenNet Initiative, August 2009 There were no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitored email or Internet chat rooms in 2010.
Filtering in the context of large eddy simulation (LES) is a mathematical operation intended to remove a range of small scales from the solution to the Navier-Stokes equations. Because the principal difficulty in simulating turbulent flows comes from the wide range of length and time scales, this operation makes turbulent flow simulation cheaper by reducing the range of scales that must be resolved. The LES filter operation is low-pass, meaning it filters out the scales associated with high frequencies.
He acknowledged that filtering can cause delays for all Internet users, and that those who are determined to get around any filter will find a way to do so. Later in July of the same year, it was reported that the Department of Internal Affairs had plans to introduce Internet filtering in New Zealand. The project, using Swedish software, cost $150,000. February 2010 saw the first meeting of the Independent Reference Group, who are tasked with overseeing the responsible implementation of the DCEFS.
The selective censorship of Web sites and blogs since > 2003, made even more disjointed by the non-uniform responses of Internet > service providers (ISPs), has inspired a clamor of opposition. Clearly > government regulation and implementation of filtering are still evolving. … > Amidst widespread speculation in the media and blogosphere about the state > of filtering in India, the sites actually blocked indicate that while the > filtering system in place yields inconsistent results, it nevertheless > continues to be aligned with and driven by government efforts.
The Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) (, Hai'at al- Ittisalat wa Tiqniyyat al-Ma`lumat) is the Saudi communications authority. It was first established under the name of Saudi Communications Commission in accordance with the decision of the Council of Ministers. The name was changed after the Commission was assigned new tasks related to information technology. Since October 2006, CITC has been handling the DNS structure and filtering in Saudi Arabia in the place of KACST (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology).
Such policies are particularly pronounced with regard to anonymity on the Internet. The OpenNet Initiative classifies Internet censorship in South Korea as pervasive in the conflict/security area, as selective in the social area, and found no evidence of filtering in the political and Internet tools areas. In 2011 South Korea was included on Reporters Without Borders list of countries Under Surveillance. This designation persisted in 2012, where the report suggests South Korea's censorship is similar to those of Russia and Egypt.
This continues for as long as two scanlines, which is ample time for glitch-free, arbitrary sample output. It is however more CPU-intensive than the 4-bit volume register DAC trick described above. Because the filtering in a SID chip is applied after the waveform generators, samples produced this way can be filtered normally. The original manual for the SID mentions that if several waveforms are enabled at the same time, the result will be a binary AND between them.
Excess Geophysics. FREQUENCY FILTERING in practice Intermodulation distortion in multi-driver loudspeakers can be greatly reduced with the use of active crossover, though it significantly increases system cost and complexity. ; Noise : The level of unwanted noise generated by the system itself, or by interference from external sources added to the signal. Hum usually refers to noise only at power line frequencies (as opposed to broadband white noise), which is introduced through induction of power line signals into the inputs of gain stages.
More complicated forms involve using a weighted average. The weighting can be used to enhance or suppress various periodic behavior and there is very extensive analysis of what weightings to use in the literature on filtering. In digital signal processing the term "moving average" is used even when the sum of the weights is not 1.0 (so the output series is a scaled version of the averages). The reason for this is that the analyst is usually interested only in the trend or the periodic behavior.
The Changes is a Chicago rock band formed in March 2002. Their music has been described as filtering in the new wave end of rock, with its dreamy jangle and jazzy rhythms. The band's members are Darren Spitzer (vocals/guitar/keys), Rob Kallick (bass guitar/keys), David Rothblatt (lead guitar/keys/vocals) and Jonny Basofin (drums and bells/keys). Their debut album Today Is Tonight was released on September 26, 2006 on Drama Club Records in the United States and Kitchenware Records in Europe.
Slope One is a family of algorithms used for collaborative filtering, introduced in a 2005 paper by Daniel Lemire and Anna Maclachlan.Daniel Lemire, Anna Maclachlan, Slope One Predictors for Online Rating-Based Collaborative Filtering, In SIAM Data Mining (SDM'05), Newport Beach, California, April 21–23, 2005. Arguably, it is the simplest form of non-trivial item-based collaborative filtering based on ratings. Their simplicity makes it especially easy to implement them efficiently while their accuracy is often on par with more complicated and computationally expensive algorithms.
Some ISPs are using a voluntary child pornography censorship list administered by the police. The list has been criticised because it has contained legal adult content, that little has been done to actually shut down the illegal websites and, as the list is secret, it can be used for any censorship. More recently, a government-sponsored report has considered establishing similar filtering in order to curb online gambling. Also, there are legally binding court orders to block The Pirate Bay issued to all major ISPs.
Trying to leave, they find that they cannot fly or swim away from the island due to a magical barrier in place around it, which also nullifies magic. Left with a boat building kit by the mysterious dog, they try various means of constructing a boat, which fail. The dog is not the only other being on the island, but they are unable to determine who it could be. Thorn figures out that the barrier spell is selective, filtering in certain things while blocking out others.
Many applications require a measure of "similarity" between objects. One obvious example is the "find-similar-document" query, on traditional text corpora or the World-Wide Web. More generally, a similarity measure can be used to cluster objects, such as for collaborative filtering in a recommender system, in which “similar” users and items are grouped based on the users’ preferences. Various aspects of objects can be used to determine similarity, usually depending on the domain and the appropriate definition of similarity for that domain.
This content can be blocked without a court order by the office of the Prosecutor General. In July 2017, Vladimir Putin signed a bill, which took effect 1 November 2017, which bans all software and websites related to circumventing internet filtering in Russia, including anonymizers and Virtual private network (VPN) services which do not implement the blacklist, and instructional material on how to do so. A number of individual instances of censorship were taken by Russian citizens to the European Court of Human Rights (Vladimir Kharitonov v. Russia, OOO Flavus and Others v.
The company owns a 4.5% stake in Sharecare, a healthcare content platform. Using data from Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu, Remark created the AI-driven KanKan Social Credit Score for the Social Credit System. The company's facial recognition system is used for content filtering in Guizhou, China, to monitor face mask compliance in 200 restaurants in Shanghai, to count students in schools in China, and by 7-Eleven in Thailand. The company has been controversial for its ties to a blacklisted Chinese company and the gambling debts of its CEO.
Harvey Wiggins of Dallas, Texas founded Spectrum Scientific in 1983. In the early days of Spectrum Scientific, design and manufacturing was conducted solely by Wiggins with backing and most funding being provided by Don Woodward at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School and the National Institutes of Health. In 1988, the original Multichannel Data Acquisition system (abbreviated as MAP or "Harvey box") was developed and uses hardware filtering of data signals. The replacement for the MAP, the Omniplex system, was released in 2009 and replaces the hardware filtering components with filtering in software.
The Swiss Internet User Group and the Swiss Network Operators Group protested that the blocks could easily be bypassed and that the move was contrary to the Swiss constitution, which guarantees "the right to receive information freely, to gather it from generally accessible sources and to disseminate it" to every person. Nonetheless, there was strong enforcement, as the directors of noncompliant ISPs were asked to appear personally in court, failing which they faced charges of disobedience."Nationalistic Filtering", Internet Filtering in Europe 2006-2007, OpenNet Initiative. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
The Cuban internet is among the most tightly controlled in the world. Cuba has been listed as an "Internet Enemy" by Reporters Without Borders since the list was created in 2006."Internet Enemies: Cuba" , Reporters Without Borders, March 2011 The level of Internet filtering in Cuba is not categorized by the OpenNet Initiative due to lack of data."ONI Country Profile: Cuba", OpenNet Initiative, May 2007 Most internet access in the country is provided via public wifi hotspots in certain areas in city centers, managed by the government telecommunication company ETECSA.
Voltage distortion is not a problem in its own right, since consumers do not connect directly to the DC terminals of the system, so the main design criterion for the DC filters is to ensure that the harmonic currents flowing in the DC lines do not induce interference in nearby open-wire telephone lines.DC side harmonics and filtering in HVDC transmission systems, CIGRÉ Technical Brochure No. 092, 1995. With the rise in digital mobile telecommunication systems, which are much less susceptible to interference, DC filters are becoming less important for HVDC systems.
One pair supplies bias current, a second monitors the array voltage with an oscilloscope, and the third pair delivers the array voltage to the calibration system. All of the wires pass through multiple levels of RFI filtering in a box at the top of the Dewar. The box, the filters, and the Dewar itself form a shield that protects the Josephson array from electromagnetic interference that could cause step transitions. Microwave power is delivered through a waveguide consisting of a 12 mm diameter tube with WR-12 launching horns on each end.
Internet users in Pakistan are prompted to this message when accessing blocked websites. Internet censorship in Pakistan is government control of information sent and received using the Internet in Pakistan. Pakistan made global headlines in 2010 for blocking Facebook and other Web sites in response to a contest popularized on the social networking site to draw images of the Prophet Mohammad. In general, Internet filtering in Pakistan remains both inconsistent and intermittent, with filtering primarily targeted at content deemed to be a threat to national security and at religious content considered blasphemous.
A variant of the MMC, proposed by one manufacturer, involves connecting multiple IGBTs in series in each of the two switches that make up the submodule. This gives an output voltage waveform with fewer, larger, steps than the conventional MMC arrangement. This arrangement is referred to as the Cascaded Two Level (CTL) converter. Functionally it is exactly equivalent to the conventional half-bridge MMC in every respect except for the harmonic performance, which is slightly inferior – although still claimed to be good enough to avoid the need for filtering in most instances.
Cuba has been listed as an "Internet Enemy" by Reporters Without Borders since the list was created in 2006. The level of Internet filtering in Cuba is not categorized by the OpenNet Initiative due to lack of data."ONI Country Profile: Cuba", OpenNet Initiative, May 2007 The mobile internet in Cuba being provided by ETECSA, Cuba's telecommunications company, is mostly uncensored. However, a few sites funded by the U.S. government are blocked, including a few sites that are outspoken critics of the Cuban government lobbying for systematic change.
A filter funnel is a laboratory funnel used for separating solids from liquids via the laboratory process of filtering. In order to achieve this, a cone-like shaped piece of filter paper is usually folded into a cone and placed within the funnel. The suspension of solid and liquid is then poured through the funnel. The solid particles are too large to pass through the filter paper and are left on the paper, while the much smaller liquid molecules pass through the paper to a vessel positioned below the funnel, producing a filtrate.
Other psychosocial studies involving astronauts and cosmonauts have been conducted. In one, an analysis of speech patterns as well as subjective attitudes and personal values were measured in both on-orbit space crews and people working in space analog environments. The researchers found that, over time, these isolated groups showed decreases in the scope and content of their communications and a filtering in what they said to outside personnel, which was termed psychological closing. Crew members interacted less with some mission control personnel than others, perceiving them as opponents.
Internet users in Pakistan are prompted with this message when accessing blocked websites. The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010. In late 2010 Pakistanis enjoyed generally unimpeded access to most sexual, political, social, and religious content on the Internet. Although the Pakistani government does not employ a sophisticated blocking system, a limitation which has led to collateral blocks on entire domains such as Blogspot.
Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1994. The topic of Ibn Dawud's affections has been the topic of much discussion, as his confession of such feelings is unique among Muslim theologians even up to the present era. The setting of his death has been perhaps the most vividly described piece of his biography. During his final moments, Ibn Dawud lied on a bed between the light filtering in through the grated window and the empty space of the floor as a blind nightingale sang in a gilded cage nearby; he was described as weary with regrets, yet also serene in his last moments.
In the December 27, 2007 edition of CCTV's daily newscast, Xinwen Lianbo, a primary school student described a pop-up she had seen on a website as being "very erotic, [and] very violent" (很黄很暴力) as part of an appeal to strengthen the already strict web filtering in the People's Republic of China. The statement quickly became a meme on Chinese web forums, primarily due to the nature and context of the comment, and that other parodies took advantage of the fact that huáng (黄), the Mandarin character for "erotic", can also refer to the color yellow.
Diagram showing the relationship between various approaches to modelling extreme mass ratio inspirals. Although the strongest gravitational wave from EMRIs may easily be distinguished from the instrumental noise of the gravitational wave detector, most signals will be deeply buried in the instrumental noise. However, since an EMRI will go through many cycles of gravitational waves (~105) before making the plunge into the central supermassive black hole, it should still be possible to extract the signal using matched filtering. In this process, the observed signal is compared with a template of the expected signal, amplifying components that are similar to the theoretical template.
Internet Enemies , Reporters Without Borders (Paris), March > 12, 2012 The OpenNet Initiative has tested for Internet filtering in 74 > countries and found that 42 of them—including both authoritarian and > democratic regimes—implement some level of filtering. The Citizen Lab > continued this research area through the Internet Censorship Lab (ICLab), a > project aimed at developing new systems and methods for measuring Internet > censorship. It was a collaborative effort between the Citizen Lab, Professor > Phillipa Gill's group at Stony Brook University's Department of Computer > Science, and Professor Nick Feamster's Network Operations and Internet > Security Group at Princeton University.
This can enable the use of filtering in real-time systems. Another usage of Schmidt–Kalman is when residual biases are unobservable; that is, the effect of the bias cannot be separated out from the measurement. In this case, Schmidt–Kalman is a robust way to not try and estimate the value of the bias, but only keep track of the effect of the bias on the true error distribution. For use in non-linear systems, the observation and state transition models may be linearized around the current mean and covariance estimate in a method analogous to the extended Kalman filter.
On the du network, users who try to access a blocked web page are redirected to du's block page. Internet filtering in the UAE was listed as pervasive in the social and Internet tools areas, as substantial in the political area, and as selective in the conflict/security area by the OpenNet Initiative in August 2009.ONI Country Profile: United Arab Emiates, OpenNet Initiative, 7 August 2009 The UAE has been listed as "Under Surveillance" by Reporters Without Borders since 2008.Internet Enemies , Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2012 The United Arab Emirates censors the Internet using Secure Computing's solution.
The Pakistani Constitution limits Censorship in Pakistan, but allows "reasonable restrictions in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of Pakistan or public order or morality". Press freedom in Pakistan is limited by official censorship that restricts critical reporting and by the high level of violence against journalists. The armed forces, the judiciary, and religion are topics that frequently attract the government's attention. The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010.
Mango (Multi-Image Analysis GUI) is a non-commercial software for viewing, editing and analyzing volumetric medical images. Mango is written in Java, and distributed freely in precompiled versions for Linux, Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. It supports NIFTI , ANALYZE, NEMA and DICOM formats and is able to load and save 2D, 3D and 4D images. Mango provides tools for creation and editing of regions of interest (ROI) within the images, surface rendering, image stacking (overlaying), filtering in space domain and histogram analysis, among other functions that can be used in neuroimaging analysis for scientific (non-clinical) purposes.
The contract, signed by all but three of the mine owners, was for at least two full-size engines to be installed at Santa Rosa. The company would provide the capital to buy and transport the steam engines and to install them over a pit dug down to below the Yanacancha socavón. Water filtering in from the surrounding pits would be pumped up to the socavón, allowing silver to be extracted from the lower levels. The company would get 15% of the ore from the Yanacancha and Yauricocha mines, 20% of ore from the other mines, and 50% of the ore from the drainage pit.
It also permits, but does not require, the California Highway Patrol, in consultation with government and interest groups, to establish educational guidelines about lane splitting, essentially giving the CHP permission to bring back the FAQ and advice on lane splitting they published, then rescinded after one person complained, in 2009. Sport Rider magazine predicted that "issues are almost certain" due to the law's ambiguity as to what is and is not legal. Cycle World said that while it, "is a step in the right direction, the AB 51 Bill doesn't actually do much to clear anything up." Utah legalized lane filtering in 2019 and went into effect on May 14, 2019.
Since > 2013, Citizen Lab has hosted the Summer Institute on Monitoring Internet > Openness and Rights as an annual research workshop at the Munk School of > Global Affairs, University of Toronto. It brings together researchers and > practitioners from academia, civil society, and the private sector who are > working on Internet openness, security, and rights. Collaborations formed at > CLSI workshops have led to publication of high impact reports on Internet > filtering in Zambia, a security audit of child monitoring apps in South > Korea, and an analysis of the "Great Cannon", an attack tool in China used > for large scale distributed-denial of service attacks against Github and > GreatFire.org.
In electronics, signal conditioning is the manipulation of an analog signal in such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing. In an analog-to-digital converter application, signal conditioning includes voltage or current limiting and anti-aliasing filtering. In control engineering applications, it is common to have a sensing stage (which consists of a sensor), a signal conditioning stage (where usually amplification of the signal is done) and a processing stage (often carried out by an ADC and a micro-controller). Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are commonly employed to carry out the amplification of the signal in the signal conditioning stage.
There are three families of electrolytic capacitor: aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, and niobium electrolytic capacitors. The large capacitance of electrolytic capacitors makes them particularly suitable for passing or bypassing low- frequency signals, and for storing large amounts of energy. They are widely used for decoupling or noise filtering in power supplies and DC link circuits for variable-frequency drives, for coupling signals between amplifier stages, and storing energy as in a flashlamp. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized components due to their asymmetrical construction and must be operated with a higher voltage (ie, more positive) on the anode than on the cathode at all times.
In August 2009 the OpenNet Initiative found no evidence of Internet filtering in Iraq in all four of the areas for which they test (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools)."ONI Country Profile: Iraq", OpenNet Initiative, 10 August 2009 There are no overt government restrictions on access to the Internet or official acknowledgement that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without judicial oversight. NGOs report that the government could and was widely believed to monitor e‑mail, chat rooms, and social media sites through local Internet service providers."Iraq", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 April 2013.
Twenty-four hours after Ping was launched to the public, reports of the service being flooded with spam were published. The fraudsters would create an iTunes profile and post links to a number of online scams, including ones that promised "free iPhones" or "free iPads" in exchange for filling out online surveys. For the most part, these suspicious links were being posted in the comments sections of popular artists on Ping, such as Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and U2, all of whom were among the recommended accounts listed on the Ping homepage. Security vendor Sophos expressed bemusement that Apple had allegedly set up no spam or URL filtering in Ping, leaving the service open to spam commenting.
There is heavy road traffic on Lower Gardiner Street as it is also part of Dublin City Council's Inner Orbital Route with traffic creating a bottleneck as it comes down Gardiner Street as well as filtering in from Talbot Street at this point. Middle and Upper Gardiner Street are separated from the lower street by the west side of Mountjoy Square. On Upper Gardiner Street is located Saint Francis Xavier Church, a notable stone Classical building dating from 1829 and with a connection to the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins, Blessed John Sullivan SJ, is interred in the church. Gardiner Street has another notable poetic connection by way of featuring in Patrick Kavanagh's poem "Memory of My Father".
Under Hassan II, the Institute of Sociology () run by Abdelkebir Khatibi was dissolved in 1970. In 1973, the humanities at government-controlled universities were Arabized, in which the Istiqlal leader Allal al-Fassi played a major role, and curricula were substantially changed. Arabization was instrumentalized to suppress critical thought, a move which Dr. Susan Gilson Miller described as a "crude and obvious attempt to foster a more conservative atmosphere within academia and to dampen enthusiasm for the radicalizing influences filtering in from Europe." The Minister of Education Azzeddine Laraki, following a report conducted by a committee of four Egyptians including two from al-Azhar University, replaced sociology with Islamic thought in 1983.
Since the content seen by individual social media users is influenced by algorithms that produce filter bubbles, users of social media platforms are more susceptible to confirmation bias, and may be exposed to biased, misleading information. Social sorting and other unintentional discriminatory practices are also anticipated as a result of personalized filtering. In light of the 2016 U.S. presidential election scholars have likewise expressed concerns about the effect of filter bubbles on democracy and democratic processes, as well as the rise of "ideological media". These scholars fear that users will be unable to "[think] beyond [their] narrow self-interest" as filter bubbles create personalized social feeds, isolating them from diverse points of view and their surrounding communities.
ILLIAC IV Processing Unit on display in Computer History Museum. When the machine first arrived, it could not be made to work. It suffered from all sorts of problems from cracking PCBs, to bad resistors, to the packaging of the TI ICs being highly sensitive to humidity. These issues were slowly addressed, and by the summer of 1973 the first programs were able to be run on the system although the results were highly questionable. Starting in June 1975, a concerted four-month effort began that required, among other changes, replacing 110,000 resistors, rewiring parts to fix propagation delay issues, improving filtering in the power supplies, and a further reduction in clock speed to 13 MHz.
There are no reports of specific Internet surveillance in Qatar, but a report by Reporters Without Borders said that Qtel “has the means to spy on messages sent through the other ISPs.” A U.S. State Department Human Rights report said that the government of Qatar censors the Internet through a proxy server that monitors and blocks Web sites, e-mail, and chat rooms through the state-owned ISP. Qatar is one of the most connected countries in the Arab region, but Internet use is heavily censored. Internet filtering in Qatar is pervasive in the social and Internet tools areas and selective in political and conflict/security areas according to a report by the OpenNet Initiative in August 2009.
Listed by the OpenNet Initiative as no evidence of Internet filtering in all four areas for which they test (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) in October 2009."ONI Country Profiles", Research section at the OpenNet Initiative web site, a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa. There are few government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Although the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech, including for members of the press, the government sometimes restricts these rights in practice.
In theory CDMA, TDMA and FDMA have exactly the same spectral efficiency, but, in practice, each has its own challenges – power control in the case of CDMA, timing in the case of TDMA, and frequency generation/filtering in the case of FDMA. TDMA systems must carefully synchronize the transmission times of all the users to ensure that they are received in the correct time slot and do not cause interference. Since this cannot be perfectly controlled in a mobile environment, each time slot must have a guard time, which reduces the probability that users will interfere, but decreases the spectral efficiency. Similarly, FDMA systems must use a guard band between adjacent channels, due to the unpredictable Doppler shift of the signal spectrum because of user mobility.
Several books critical of religion have been banned in India or in parts of India as a precautionary measure to prevent riots or other form of violence. India was the second country in the world to ban The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie. The book Understanding Islam through Hadis by Ram Swarup was also banned. India is listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas and no evidence of filtering was found in the political and social areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in May 2007. ONI states that: > As a stable democracy with strong protections for press freedom, India’s > experiments with Internet filtering have been brought into the fold of > public discourse.
This is because in MIP mapping each MIP level is isotropic, so a 256 × 256 texture is downsized to a 128 × 128 image, then a 64 × 64 image and so on, so resolution halves on each axis simultaneously, so a MIP map texture probe to an image will always sample an image that is of equal frequency in each axis. Thus, when sampling to avoid aliasing on a high-frequency axis, the other texture axes will be similarly downsampled and therefore potentially blurred. With MIP map anisotropic filtering, in addition to downsampling to 128 × 128, images are also sampled to 256 × 128 and 32 × 128 etc. These anisotropically downsampled images can be probed when the texture-mapped image frequency is different for each texture axis.
An Arabic Wikipedia article regarding evolution blocked in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia directs all international Internet traffic through a proxy farm located in King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology. A content filter is implemented there, based on software by Secure Computing. Since October 2006, the Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) has been handling the DNS structure and filtering in Saudi Arabia in the place of KACST. Additionally, a number of sites are blocked according to two lists maintained by the Internet Services Unit (ISU): one containing "immoral" (mostly pornographic or supportive of LGBT-rights) sites and sites promoting Shia Ideology, the others based on directions from a security committee run by the Ministry of Information (including sites critical of the Saudi government).
However, border protocols like PPPoE will reduce this. Path MTU Discovery exposes the difference between the MTU seen by Ethernet end-nodes and the Path MTU Unfortunately, increasing numbers of networks drop ICMP traffic (for example, to prevent denial-of-service attacks), which prevents path MTU discovery from working. , Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery, describes a Path MTU Discovery technique which responds more robustly to ICMP filtering. In an IP network, the path from the source address to the destination address may change in response to various events (load-balancing, congestion, outages, etc.) and this could result in the path MTU changing (sometimes repeatedly) during a transmission, which may introduce further packet drops before the host finds a new reliable MTU.
A 2014 report describes the "Rules for Cafe Operators", which includes making all computer screens visible to the operator and reporting any content critical of the government, or visiting sensitive political websites. Other reports describe attempts by Ethiopia's sole Internet Service Provider (ISP), Ethio telecom, to restrict the use of tools to anonymize web browsing and circumvent Internet filtering. In May 2012, developers of the Internet anonymizer software project Tor reported that the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) / Ethio telecom had begun using deep packet inspection (DPI) to block access to the Tor service. On 22 June 2018, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's government ordered the unblocking of over 200 websites as part of reforms that also saw banned TV channels restored and several political prisoners set free.
The OpenNet Initiative found little or no evidence of filtering in 2011.Open Network Initiative Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet, 8 November 2011"Bangladesh Country Profile", OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2012 By 2020 a very large list of websites ranging from gaming websites to pornographic websites to gambling websites to social websites like Reddit are blocked in Bangladesh and the list is increasing each and every day. Although Internet access in Bangladesh is not restricted by a national level filtering regime, the state has intervened to block Web sites for hosting anti-Islamic content and content deemed subversive. Internet content is regulated by existing legal frameworks that restrict material deemed defamatory or offensive, as well as content that might challenge law and order.
Following World War II, residents in the region took a renewed interest in the crumbling village of Pleasant Hill. An admirer was the writer Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk at the nearby Abbey of Gethsemani. Having mentioned Pleasant Hill in his writings as early as 1949, Merton took considerable interest in the community from his first visit there in 1959 until his death in 1968. Describing his first look inside the Trustee's Office in 1959, Merton wrote in his journal to describe: > [T]he marvelous double winding stair going up to the mysterious clarity of a > dome on the roof ... quiet sunlight filtering in—a big Lebanon cedar outside > one of the windows ... All the other houses are locked up.
The association became so concerned that they formed a resolution condemning the USA PATRIOT Act, and which urged members to defend free speech and protect patrons' privacy. They urged librarians to seek legal advice before complying with a search order and advised their members to only keeping records for as long as was legally needed. Consequently, reports started filtering in that librarians were shredding records to avoid having to comply with such orders. In 2005, Library Connection, a nonprofit consortium of 27 libraries in Connecticut, known as the Connecticut Four worked with the ACLU to lift a gag order for library records, challenging the government's power under Section 505 to silence four citizens who wished to contribute to public debate on the PATRIOT Act.
Voltage sensing ELCBs have a few advantages over current sensing RCDs: 1) They are less sensitive to fault conditions, and therefore have fewer nuisance trips. (This does not mean they always do, as practical performance depends on installation details and the discrimination enhancing filtering in the ELCB.) Therefore, by electrically separating cable armour from the cable circuit protective conductor, an ELCB can be arranged to protect against cable damage only, and not trip on faults in downline installations. 2) Voltage sensing ELCBs will also trip on DC current faults to ground which a transformer interfaced RCD/RCCB is unable to sense, with similar issues with frequencies significantly above mains frequency. This may lead to ground faults on variable speed drives between the drive electronics and motor not being detected for example.
Under martial law, Thai authorities shut down some websites, Prachatai, 22 March 2014 The national constitution provides for freedom of expression and press "as regulated by law"; but, the government imposes overwhelming limitations on these rights."Thailand", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State Internet filtering in Thailand was classified as selective in the social, political, and Internet tools areas, and no evidence of filtering was found in the conflict/security area by the OpenNet Initiative in November 2011."Thailand Country Profile", Access Contested: Security, Identity, and Resistance in Asian Cyberspace, Ronald J. Deibert, John G. Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, MIT Press and the OpenNet Initiative, Nov 2011, Thailand is on Reporters Without Borders list of countries under surveillance in 2011.
Bemposta Palace (residence of King John VI): where the monarch was held incommunicado during the Abrilada In Portugal, as in Spain, the adversaries of constitutionalism were divided into two factions: a radical and a more moderate group.José Hermano Saraiva, (2007), p.284 King John depended on the moderate faction; the ministers he selected after the Vilafrancada oscillated between conciliatory paternal absolutism and a timidly moderate liberalism. Queen Carlota was the principal supporter of the radical absolutists, who favored absolutism without concessions and the repression of new ideas filtering in from Europe. She gave no quarter, and in 1823, the police revealed a conspiracy led by her and Prince Miguel (who had been promoted to the post of commander-in-chief of the Army following the events of the Vilafrancada) to force the King to abdicate.
Monitoring news transmissions, Madelyne learns that Jean Grey is alive and with Scott. She punches the computer monitor's screen, breaking it and causing electrical feedback that renders her unconscious.Uncanny X-Men #232 The Limbo demon S'ym invades Madelyne's mind during her unconscious state, and tempts her to take on the power that would make her the Goblin Queen. Believing to be dreaming, Madelyne accepts.Uncanny X-Men #234 Madelyne keeps the existence of the original X-Men as X-Factor secret from the others, filtering in only information and news showing X-Factor as an anti-mutant group. Later abducted by the Genoshans and taken to their island-nation,Uncanny X-Men #235 Madelyne is subjected to psychic torture intended to transform her into a docile slave of the state.
The college has a spacious library with a collection of books (both text and reference) in commerce as well as other disciplines. The journal section is also well looked after with an impressive range of journals, periodicals and magazines both within and beyond the conventional academic ambit. Special attention has been given to the collection of books associated with other disciplines such as literature, social studies and philosophy as well as to reading materials pertaining to the academic career of the students. The library room, a sprawling space at the farthest end of the college building, with little noise filtering in, easily doubles up as a reading room and has to its credit an adjoining chamber containing a large number of rare books of a high academic pedigree.
Since illumination and reflectance combine multiplicatively, the components are made additive by taking the logarithm of the image intensity, so that these multiplicative components of the image can be separated linearly in the frequency domain. Illumination variations can be thought of as a multiplicative noise, and can be reduced by filtering in the log domain. To make the illumination of an image more even, the high-frequency components are increased and low-frequency components are decreased, because the high- frequency components are assumed to represent mostly the reflectance in the scene (the amount of light reflected off the object in the scene), whereas the low-frequency components are assumed to represent mostly the illumination in the scene. That is, high-pass filtering is used to suppress low frequencies and amplify high frequencies, in the log-intensity domain.
Collaborative Filtering in Recommender Systems Collaborative filtering systems have many forms, but many common systems can be reduced to two steps: # Look for users who share the same rating patterns with the active user (the user whom the prediction is for). # Use the ratings from those like-minded users found in step 1 to calculate a prediction for the active user This falls under the category of user-based collaborative filtering. A specific application of this is the user-based Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Alternatively, item-based collaborative filtering (users who bought x also bought y), proceeds in an item-centric manner: # Build an item-item matrix determining relationships between pairs of items # Infer the tastes of the current user by examining the matrix and matching that user's data See, for example, the Slope One item-based collaborative filtering family.
However, the law is little used. There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without appropriate legal authority."Norway", Country reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 2012, retrieved 18 June 2013 The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) found no evidence of Internet filtering in Norway in 2009.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012, the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa There is no individual ONI country profile for Norway, but it is included in the regional overview for the Nordic Countries.
In the latter case, a "bit" refers to a user data bit; FEC overhead is always excluded. The modulation efficiency in bit/s is the gross bitrate (including any error- correcting code) divided by the bandwidth. :Example 1: A transmission technique using one kilohertz of bandwidth to transmit 1,000 bits per second has a modulation efficiency of 1 (bit/s)/Hz. :Example 2: A V.92 modem for the telephone network can transfer 56,000 bit/s downstream and 48,000 bit/s upstream over an analog telephone network. Due to filtering in the telephone exchange, the frequency range is limited to between 300 hertz and 3,400 hertz, corresponding to a bandwidth of 3,400 − 300 = 3,100 hertz. The spectral efficiency or modulation efficiency is 56,000/3,100 = 18.1 (bit/s)/Hz downstream, and 48,000/3,100 = 15.5 (bit/s)/Hz upstream.
In the early 1960s the Moroccan government began the Arabization process, in which the Istiqlal leader Allal al-Fassi played a major role. After independence, to facilitate economic growth and to increase its ties to Europe, the Moroccan government decided to strengthen its ties with France, resulting in the promotion of French. Under Hassan II, Arabization of the humanities was instrumentalized to suppress critical thought—replacing the subject of "Sociology" with "Islamic Thought," for example—in a move which Dr. Susan Gilson Miller described as a "crude and obvious attempt to foster a more conservative atmosphere within academia and to dampen enthusiasm for the radicalizing influences filtering in from Europe." By 2005 Morocco engaged in economic liberalization and privatization; Moha Ennaji, author of Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco, said that these activities, in many sectors, reinforced the usage of French.
While the Internet in Egypt was not directly censored under the regime of President Hosni Mubarak, his regime kept watch on the most critical bloggers and regularly arrested them. Censorship at a technological level during that time was largely in the form of optional filters offered by Egyptian ISPs to block pornography; TE Data offers Internet services with content controls which eliminate "all of the Internet's indecent content that might affect your children"."Family Internet" , TE Data, accessed 12 June 2011 In August 2009 the OpenNet Initiative reported finding no evidence of Internet filtering in Egypt in any of the four areas it monitors (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools).ONI Country Profile: Egypt , OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2009 Using data and information gathered during 2010, the status of Internet freedom in Egypt was classified as "Partly Free" in Freedom on the Net 2011 by Freedom House.
The Newcastle Reservoirs Site is of local heritage significance because of the esteem in which it is held by past and present employees of the Hunter District Water Board and its successor entities. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Newcastle No. 1 Reservoir is of state heritage significance as a reference site for the Walka water supply scheme, and in yielding substantial information as to the as-yet inadequately researched development of at-source filtering in water supply design. It is also of state significance in demonstrating the manner in which NSW water supply infrastructure was influenced not only by UK practice but also by the experiences of engineer William Clark in British India, and particularly by his development and application of wrought iron ties to brick arches.
At September 2008, problems with accuracy continued, when the website of the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web W3C was briefly blacklisted as childporn by mistake.Tietokone, 27 September 2008, W3C:n sivut joutuivat Suomen sensuurilistalle (translation in slashdot) In 2008, a government-sponsored report considered establishing similar filtering in order to curb online gambling. After investigation of complaints about how the law on filtering child pornography has been implemented and the actions of the police, the vice Parliamentary Ombudsman concluded on 29 May 2009 that the police had followed the law and that most sites on the list did have material that could be classified as child pornography at the time they were investigated by the police. He also found that the law is somewhat unclear and that its effect on free speech is problematic and recommends these matters be considered when the law is overseen.
In December 2010 the OpenNet Initiative found little or no evidence of Internet filtering in all four areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) for which they test."ONI Country Profile: Ukraine", OpenNet Initiative, 21 December 2010 In its Freedom on the Net report covering the period May 2012 through April 2013, Freedom House found the Internet in Ukraine to be "largely unhindered" and rated the Internet in Ukraine as "Free" with an overall score of 28 on a scale from 0 (most free) to 100 (least free). The report said that "there is no practice of institutionalized blocking or filtering, or a regulatory framework for censorship of content online", but "there have been attempts at creating legislation which could censor or limit content" and would "present indirect threats to freedom of information online.""Ukraine", Freedom on the Net 2013, Freedom House, 30 September 2013.
Russia was found to engage in selective Internet filtering in the political and social areas and no evidence of filtering was found in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative in December 2010."ONI Country Profiles", Research section at the OpenNet Initiative web site, a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa Since at least 2015, Russia collaborates with Chinese Great Firewall security officials in implementing its data retention and filtering infrastructure. In September 2019, Roskomnadzor began installing equipment to isolate Russia, including mobile phones, from the rest of the Internet in the event the government directs such action, as required by a law taking effect in November 2019. The government's justification was to counteract potential cyber attacks from the United States, but some worried it might create an online "iron curtain".
Nevertheless, in 2010 the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) found no evidence of technical filtering in the political, social, conflict/security, or Internet tools areas. The UK openly blocks child pornography websites, for which ONI does not test."Country report: United Kingdom", OpenNet Initiative, 18 December 2010 98.6% of UK internet traffic consume a service called the child abuse image content list which uses data provided by the Internet Watch Foundation to identify pages judged to contain indecent photographs of children."IWF/BT Project CleanFeed ", Internet Watch Foundation. Retrieved 29 May 2006."How net providers stop child porn", BBC News, 7 February 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2006. When such a page is found, the system creates a "URL not found page" error rather than deliver the actual page or a warning page. In July and again in October 2011, the UK High Court ruled that BT Retail must block access to a website (newzbin.
In 2009 the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) found little or no evidence of filtering in the four areas (politics, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) for which they test.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012 and "Country Profiles", the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, OttawaDue to legal concerns the OpenNet Initiative does not check for filtering of child pornography and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship. There is no individual ONI country profile for Sweden, but it is included in the regional overview for the Nordic countries."ONI Regional Overview: Nordic Countries", OpenNet Initiative, March 2010 There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without appropriate legal authority.
Internet censorship in Burma is classified as selective in the political and Internet tools areas, as substantial in social, and as no evidence of filtering in conflict/security by the OpenNet Initiative in August 2012.OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012 and "Country Profiles", the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa"Update on information controls in Burma", Irene Poetranto, OpenNet Initiative, 23 October 2012 Burma is listed as an Internet enemy by Reporters Without Borders in 2011.Internet Enemies , Reporters Without Borders, Paris, March 2011 According to a study conducted by OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in 2005, Internet censorship was mostly confined to websites related to pro-democracy groups and those on pornography. In addition, 85% of e-mail service provider sites were blocked.
Gladney (1999), pg. 471 China fears the influence of radical Islamic thinking filtering in from central Asia, and the role of exiles in neighbouring states and in Turkey, with which Xinjiang's majority Uighur population shares linguistic ties.bbc religion and ethics ISLAM China today BBC - Religion & Ethics - Islam in China (650-present): China today at www.bbc.co.uk In 2007, anticipating the coming "Year of the Pig" in the Chinese calendar, depictions of pigs were banned from CCTV "to avoid conflicts with ethnic minorities". This is believed to refer to China's population of 20 million Muslims (to whom pigs are considered "unclean"). In response to the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting Chinese state-run media attacked Charlie Hebdo for publishing the cartoons insulting Muhammad, with the state-run Xinhua advocated limiting freedom of speech, while another state-run newspaper Global Times said the attack was "payback" for what it characterised as Western colonialism and accusing Charlie Hebdo of trying to incite a clash of civilizations.
France continues to promote freedom of the press and speech online by allowing unfiltered access to most content, apart from limited filtering of child pornography and web sites that promote terrorism, or racial violence and hatred. The French government has undertaken numerous measures to protect the rights of Internet users, including the passage of the (LCEN, Law for Trust in the Digital Economy) in 2004. However, the passage of a new copyright law threatening to ban users from the Internet upon their third violation has drawn much criticism from privacy advocates as well as the European Union (EU) parliament. In November 2010, France was classified by the OpenNet Initiative as showing no evidence of Internet filtering in any of the four areas monitored (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools)"ONI Country Profile: France", OpenNet Initiative, 26 November 2010 However, with the implementation of the "three-strikes" legislation and a law providing for the administrative filtering of the web and the defense of a "civilized" Internet, 2010 was a difficult year for Internet freedom in France.
The Venezuelan government published a statement replying to censorship allegations on Twitter and with images on Twitter, implying that it was a technical problem. Previous research conducted in 2011 by the OpenNet Initiative report said that Internet censorship in Venezuela was "non-existent"OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012 and "Country Profiles", the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa In 2012, OpenNet Initiative found no evidence of Internet filtering in the political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas.Due to legal concerns ZOpenNet Initiative does not check for filtering of child pornography and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship. Recently, OpenNet Initiative stated that actions by the Venezuelan government suggests that the government promotes self-censorship, information control and that changes in Venezuelan law may target websites in government information control efforts.
However, citizens can usually view, comment and express their opinions civilly on the internet, as long as it does not evoke anti-government movement, political coup and disrupt the social stability of the country. The OpenNet Initiative classified the level of filtering in Vietnam as pervasive in the political, as substantial in the Internet tools, and as selective in the social and conflict/security areas in 2011,OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet" , 8 November 2011 and "Country Profiles" , the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa while Reporters without Borders consider Vietnam an "internet enemy".Internet Enemies , Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2012 While the government of Vietnam claims to safeguard the country against obscene or sexually explicit content through its blocking efforts, many of the filtered sites contain no such content, but rather politically or religiously critical materials that might undermine the Communist Party and the stability of its one-party rule. Amnesty International reported many instances of Internet activists being arrested for their online activities.

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