Pero practices both needle felting and wet felting processes to create her work.
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In "Wet Felting Florals," the artist Crystal Gregory will teach children wet felting, a technique that uses sudsy water and tufts of wool roving to make compressed pieces of felt.
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The difference being that needle felting consists of puncturing the surface of the wool with a notched needle in order to tangle the fibers into a form, and wet felting requires hot water to help agitate the wool.
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Using natural wool and a combination of felting techniques, Misz Ajdacki makes a living creating unique sculptures.
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Furthermore, it can be felted around other non-felting materials, so there is a possibility of using the wool like a glue.
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After rekindling his childhood interest in fiber arts, Ajdacki says he approached felting by experimenting with processes rather than seeking out formal instruction.
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Balancing a bucolic family life with a prolific crafting practice, Oksana Pero utilizes felting, sewing, and embroidery processes to create endearing soft sculptures.
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They find their way swiftly to a large mixer to be coated in white adhesive, dumped and raked artfully into racks before felting.
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The NYBG window is similarly dynamic, with soft sculptures, embroidery, felting, and other fiber art by Burke & Pryde, all representing different flora specimens.
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Though alternative options, like a hydrochloride-based felting process, were introduced by then, it took a while for the mercury trend to retire.
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So, at the suggestion a friend, she tried needle felting wool and discovered that she loved working with a portable material that requires very little equipment.
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The charming-yet-demonic costume came to life via the hands of Brooklyn-based artist Rae Swon, who works meticulously with needle felting to render mythical, nostalgic art garments.
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Although he didn't formally study fiber art processes, like needle felting or other techniques involving fabric or yarn, Ajdacki did gain experience working with fibers at an early age.
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The roof of the coop is sturdy, but if you plan to leave it in full sunlight be aware that the felting will need some attention every year or so.
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I like to push the boundary of the traditional textile," she adds, "and through our experimentation with wool and the felting process we have found that we can create three-dimensionality.
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Since I've known her, Gemma has been doing a million different projects — whether it's painting a mural on the wall of her apartment or doing some insane felting project or making costumes.
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Erethism mercurialis, a neurological disorder that affects the entire central nervous system, comes from mercury poisoning; English felt-hatmakers used mercury in the "felting" of hats, exposing them to the chemical's vapor.
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As sharp instruments penetrated the fragile surface of her eyelids, reshaping them from a single lid to form a creased, double lid, Weijue Wang remembers likening the sensation to someone felting on her skin.
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Technically Cappy doesn't have any visible seams, but short of felting and shaping the bulk of the hat in all one piece this is probably as close as most of us could reasonably get.
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EVFAC also offers professional development opportunities alongside facility and equipment rentals, where any member of the community can rent out the EVFAC facility, gaining access to looms, a full dye kitchen, sewing facility, wet-felting machine, and the library.
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The cotton candy sculptures that dominate Boobroom are deceptively precious—that is, until Wang draws parallels between the frenetic, subjectively violent, and stabby process of needlepoint felting and the hidden physical and psychological violence involved in her own plastic surgery and surgeries she has felt pressured to undergo.
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Felting generally comes under two main areas, dry felting or wet felting. Wet felting occurs when water and a lubricant (soap) are applied to the wool which is then agitated until the fibers mix and bond together. Some natural felting can occur on the animals back. Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair/fur: it is crimped and elastic.
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Example with Nuno felting - by Elena Kihlman Example of what can be achieved with Nuno felting - Spring 2012 Collection Jacket by Eve Anders Fashion.jpg 200px Nuno felting is a fabric felting technique developed by Polly Stirling, a fiber artist from New South Wales, Australia, around 1992. The name is derived from the Japanese word "nuno" meaning cloth.Ziek, B. (2004).
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As felting grew in importance to a society, so, too, did the knowledge about techniques and approaches. Amateur or community felting obviously continued in many communities at the same time that felting specialists and felting centers began to develop. However, the importance of felting to community life can be seen in the fact that, in many Central Asian communities, felt production, is directed by a leader who oversees the process as a ritual that includes prayers—words and actions to bring good luck to the process. Successfully completing the creation of felt (certainly large felt pieces) is reason for celebration, feasting, and the sharing of traditional stories.
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Needle felting can also be used to create realistic 3 dimensional animals. A wire armature can be created to help the process and provide support, around which a needle felted body and coat can be added. The art of needle felting is becoming very popular worldwide. More recently, needle-felting or embellishment machines have become popular for art or craft felters.
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Karakul is a relatively coarse fiber used for outer garments, carpets and for felting.
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Angora wool is commonly used in apparel such as sweaters and suitings, knitting yarn, and felting.
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The nuno felting process is particularly suitable for creating lightweight fabrics used to make clothing. The use of silk or other stable fabric in the felt creates fabric that will not stretch out of shape. Fabrics such as nylon, muslin, or other open weaves can be used as the felting background, resulting in a wide range of textural effects and colours. Nuno Felted Jacket by Elynn Bernstein / A Mano StudiosNuno felting creates an extremely versatile fabric.
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Wooden rolling pin used during the wet felting process In the wet felting process, hot water is applied to layers of animal hairs, while repeated agitation and compression causes the fibers to hook together or weave together into a single piece of fabric. Wrapping the properly arranged fiber in a sturdy, textured material, such as a bamboo mat or burlap, will speed up the felting process. The felted material may be finished by fulling. Only certain types of fiber can be wet felted successfully.
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Needle felting is a technique used to add decoration to a knitted or felted piece, where raw roving is applied using a very sharp barbed felting needle by repeatedly piercing the roving and background together. Once washed in hot water, the appliqued decoration is fused with the background. Felted knitting can be cut with scissors without concern about fraying.
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There is an alternative theory that the fibers wind around each other during felting. Plant fibers and synthetic fibers will not wet felt. In order to make multi-colored designs, felters conduct a two-step process in which they create pre-felts of specialized colors—these semi-completed sheets of colored felt can then be cut with a sharp implement (knife or scissors) and the distinctive colors placed next to each other as in making a mosaic. The felting process is then resumed and the edges of the fabric attach to each other as the felting process is completed.
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Bita Ghezelayagh (born 1966) is an Italian-born artist who lives and works in Tehran and London. Best known for her sculptural, felting work.
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Felting of wool occurs upon hammering or other mechanical agitation because the microscopic barbs on the surface of wool fibres hook together, somewhat like Velcro.
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Stirling is commonly associated with the development of nuno felting, a key technique for contemporary art felting An international infrastructure emerged to support this widening circle of felting enthusiasts that included many kinds of entrepreneurs from those who raised sheep to those who did bulk preparation of fibers. New organizations to support felters sprang up, as well as conferences, and books devoted to guiding new comers. There is now an International Feltmakers Association with headquarters in the UK, which publishes its own journal, Felt Matters. Annual gatherings such as Felters Fling or Felter's Rendezvous, among others, provide special opportunities for newcomers and experienced felters to interact around the topic.
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Acknowledging that these seven states of matter are different densities shows how the intrinsic properties of the matter have changed, and they are actually different substances. Anaximenes supports this conclusion by his explanation using the concept of felting. Felting is a technological model used to explain condensation, in which wool turns into felt and has new properties. Just as how wind is compressed into clouds in Anaximenes's theory.
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The kawaii style of needle felting was made popular by the Japanese culture. Kawaii means cute in Japanese and to felt in the kawaii style just means to make the object cute. Most kawaii needle felt sculptures have small, minimal detail, faces and are brightly colored. They are more cute and playful compared to the more traditional needle felt which is more rustic and earthy.“Everything You Need to Know to Start Needle Felting.” Wunderlabel, 22 Aug.
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2017, wunderlabel.com/blog/everything-need-know-start-needle-felting. Ikuyo Fujita（藤田育代 Fujita Ikuyo）is a Japanese artist who works primarily in needle felt painting and mogol (pipe cleaner) art.
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This cup fungus has a shallow, somewhat uneven cup and a short stem. The upper surface is yellow, often tinged with reddish-orange, and the underside is covered by a dense felting of white hairs.
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Entrelac fabric is often felted to create the illusion of an intarsia argyle pattern; the felting flattens the entrelac texture but leaves the different-colored squares, as if the object were knitted in different colors.
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Jori Johnson, an American working in Japan, even demonstrated the integration of felt with lacquer work. Andrea Grahame and Lisa Klakulak have used the unique features of felt and its shrinkage in the production of jewelry and sculptural pieces. Mehmet Girgic, trained in traditional Turkish felting techniques was named one of Turkey's seven Living Treasures in 2010 by UNESCO and the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Working with American Teresa May O'Brien, he has produced work that crosses approaches to felting with ancient practices.
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If the fleece gets agitated, it will become felt, and then spinning is impossible. Felting, when done on purpose (with needles, chemicals, or simply rubbing the fibres against each other), can be used to create garments.
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Felting was an invention that allowed for the creation of a textile from fleece that had been sorted, combed, laid out in thin sheets that were then rolled or agitated with other friction until the tiny barbules on the fiber twisted and connected. This process created a smooth connected textile that could be cut, sewn or used in other ways. Evidence of felting was found in burial vaults in Siberia of the 7th or 8th century B.C. Weaving, however, has been the dominant way to produce clothes. In some cultures, weaving forms demonstrate social status.
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In Turkey, craft guilds called "ahi" came into being, and these groups were responsible for registering members and protecting the knowledge of felting. In Istanbul at one time, there were 1,000 felters working in 400 workshops registered in this ahi.
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Plica neuropathica, also known as felted hair, is a curling, looping, intertwisting, and felting or matting of the hair in localized areas of the scalp.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
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Washing would fade any artificial dyes that had been used, and laundering would diminish the natural weather-proof qualities of wool. Analysis of textile fragments from burial artefacts has indicated the absence of felting, which shows the lack of frequent washing.
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Needle felting process to create small animal figurines Needle felting is a method of creating felted objects without using water. The special needles used to make 3D sculpture, jewelry, adornments and 2D art have notches along the shaft of the needle that catch fibers and tangle them with other fibers to produce felt. These notches are sometimes erroneously called "barbs", but barbs are protrusions (like barbed wire) and would be too difficult to thrust into the wool and nearly impossible to pull out. There are many sizes and types of notched needles for different uses while working.
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Amanita muscaria growing through the volva, the remnant felted tissue forming spots on the surface Most fungal tissue is filamentous; its very nature predisposes it to grow into tangles that lend themselves to felting. Whereas vascular plants seldom have cells that grow into forms that can form massive tangles, fungi hardly can form tissues at all except by tangling and felting their hyphal filaments. Practically every mass of mushroom tissue, including cords and membranes, is formed of anastomosed and felted hyphae. The picturesque spots on the caps of Amanita muscaria consist of felted patches of remnant tissue from the volva.
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The yarn tail was wrapped around just below the cast off stitches to gather them, leaving the little lump commonly, but inexactly, referred to as a button. The doubled brim was formed by picking up stitches inside the body of the cap, and worked down to the original cast on. The cast on loops were picked up, and a 3 needle bindoff worked to finish and join the inner brim to the outer cap, ending with a little loop. Patterns that attempt a stitch for stitch reproduction sometimes result in a cap that is slightly too narrow, after felting, due to the different felting characteristics of modern knitting yarn.
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Fur robes were blankets of sewn-together, native-tanned, beaver pelts. The pelts were called castor gras in French and "coat beaver" in English, and were soon recognized by the newly developed felt-hat making industry as particularly useful for felting. Some historians, seeking to explain the term castor gras, have assumed that coat beaver was rich in human oils from having been worn so long (much of the top-hair was worn away through usage, exposing the valuable under-wool), and that this is what made it attractive to the hatters. This seems unlikely, since grease interferes with the felting of wool, rather than enhancing it.
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Each hat was made weatherproof by felting, a process which reduced its size. The distance from the centre to the hem in this example varies between 5 and . Description of cap at Genvieve.net, accessed 28 February 2012 Similar caps are now produced for historical reenactment organisations.
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Quilting as an art form was popularized in the 1970s and 80s. Other fiber art techniques are knitting, rug hooking, felting, braiding or plaiting, macrame, lace making, flocking (texture) and more. There are a wide variety of dye techniques. Sometimes cyanotype and heliographic (sun printing) are used.
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In 1966 the heating system was completely replaced by a gas-fired boiler and radiators. Also in 1966 the old slates were removed from the roof, and rafters, felting and new slates supplied: The work continued into 1967. The Vestry roof needed all new timbers and slates.
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The wool is medium to fine with excellent crimp and fibre length, a Bradford count of 54-56 and a micron count of 27 making it popular for spinning and felting. Zwartbles are known for being docile, friendly, easy lambing, prolific, milky and being excellent mothers.
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A textile or cloth is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread). Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting.
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Many types of textiles use knots to repair damage. Macramé, one kind of textile, is generated exclusively through the use of knotting, instead of knits, crochets, weaves or felting. Macramé can produce self-supporting three-dimensional textile structures, as well as flat work, and is often used ornamentally or decoratively.
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The pupa measures 7–8 mm in length and around 3 mm in width. The adult deathwatch beetle is cylindrical measuring on average long. The head is largely concealed by a brown thoracic shield. The shield and elytra are dark brown or reddish-brown, with a patchy felting of yellowish-grey short hairs.
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Shrdak carpets (Turkmenistan) use a form of this method wherein two pieces of contrasting color are cut out with the same pattern, the cut-outs are then switched, fitting one into the other, which makes a sharply defined and colorful patterned piece. In order to strengthen the joints of a mosaic style felt, feltmakers often add a backing layer of fleece that is felted along with the other components. Feltmakers can differ in their orientation to this added layer—where some will lay it on top of the design before felting and others will place the design on top of the strengthening layer. The process of felting was adapted to the lifestyles of the different cultures in which it flourished.
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Polwarth wool is well regarded for its application in woolcraft. The longer staple length, up to 130mm, makes it easy for handspinning and felting. Millspun yarns made solely of Polwarth wool are commercially available. Polwarth sheep were developed with white wool; however, natural black, brown, grey wool flocks have expanded the popularity of Polwarth wool for craft.
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The fibre is normally blended with wool to give the yarn elasticity, as Angora fibre is not naturally elastic. The blend decreases the softness and halo as well as the price of the finished object. Commercial knitting yarns typically use 30–50% angora, in order to produce some halo, warmth, and softness without the side effects of excessive felting.
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Anna Torma (born 1952) is a Hungarian-Canadian fibre artist. Born in Tarnaörs, Hungary she immigrated to Canada in 1988. She specializes in large-scale hand embroideries, and her work draws upon multiple artistic and textile techniques, including appliqué, felting, photo transfer, collage, and quilting. She appropriates visual imagery from multiple sources, including anatomical drawings, folk art, and her children's drawings.
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Amulet bags before (on left) and after felting in a washing machine. Since the beads fall to the back of the stitches, tapestry crocheted fabric can have beads on one side and colorful motifs on the other. A hook with a handle makes it easier to crochet tight stitches. Maya man from San Juan Atitán, Guatemala, tapestry crochets a shoulder bag.
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Felting is the hand-knitters' term for fulling, a technique for joining knitted or woven animal-yarn fibres. The finished product is put in hot water and agitated until it starts to shrink. The end result typically has a felt-like appearance but has reduced dimensions. Bags, mittens, vests, socks, slippers and hats are just a few items that can be felted.
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Adult beetles are between in length and are a dark brown or blackish colour. The prothorax is squarish and has spines and two to four teeth at the front. The elytra (wing- covers) are a rufous brown colour and covered with a felting of yellowish bristles. The entrance to the galleries in which the larvae develop is about in diameter.
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The fibre can be dyed at any time, but is often dyed before carding or after the yarn has been spun. Wool may be spun before or after washing, although excessive amounts of lanolin may make spinning difficult, especially when using a drop-spindle. Careless washing may cause felting. When done prior to spinning, this often leads to unusable wool fibre.
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The relative amounts of kemp to wool vary from breed to breed and make some fleeces more desirable for spinning, felting, or carding into batts for quilts or other insulating products, including the famous tweed cloth of Scotland. Wool fibers readily absorb moisture, but are not hollow. Wool can absorb almost one-third of its own weight in water.Wool Facts . Aussiesheepandwool.com.au.
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More recently, soap has been used. The second function of fulling was to thicken cloth by matting the fibres together to give it strength and increase waterproofing (felting). This was vital in the case of woollens, made from carding wool, but not for worsted materials made from combing wool. After this stage, water was used to rinse out the foul-smelling liquor used during cleansing.
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After the Civil War, Weld returned home to misfortune. In 1867, his father died suddenly, prompting his uncle William Fletcher Weld to erect Harvard's Weld Hall in his honor. Soon after, a felting mill in which he had inherited about $14,000 failed. He made a new start by borrowing $25,000 from friends to buy a cotton mill that was connected with the first venture.
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Petersen, Marcus (1914), The fur traders, and fur bearing animals, Buffalo : Hammond Press, p. 291 Marshall calculated that the value of the skin in proportion to the carcass was greater than that of the sheep and ox. Its fur is primarily used for felting or hats. It is also dyed or clipped, and sold as imitations of more valuable furbearers, such as fur seal.
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Flower close-up It is an evergreen, creeping off-shoot, perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of growth of 15 to 30 (rarely to 45) centimeters. It is overall densely hairy. The leaves are up to 30 millimetres long and linear to lanceolate, which are covered with silky, silvery, frizzy and entangled hairs, forming like whitish felting. The inflorescences consist of up to 15 flowers.
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Third quality is the buttocks and legs and any other areas that easily felt and are of shorter length. Fourth quality is totally unsalvageable, and consists of the larger felted bits or stained fibre. Third and fourth quality are perfect for cutting up for birds to use in lining their nests. With daily brushing, felting of the fibre can be avoided, increasing the usable portion of fibre.
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Naturally hornless, the Ryeland was the major breed used in the development of the poll gene in the Poll Dorset in Australia. The wool resists felting. The staple length is generally 8 cm to 10 cm, with a fibre diameter of 25 to 28 microns.Preparation of Australian Wool Clips, Code of Practice 2010–2012, Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX), 2010 The fleece on average weighs 2 kg to 3 kg.
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They are bred largely for their long Angora wool, which may be removed by shearing, combing, or plucking (gently pulling loose wool.) Angoras are bred mainly for their wool because it is silky and soft. They have a humorous appearance, as they oddly resemble a fur ball. Most are calm and docile but should be handled carefully. Grooming is necessary to prevent the fiber from matting and felting on the rabbit.
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While this results in slightly lower quality fleece, as the guard hairs are included, it does take less time and results in more fleece. Also, not all breeds of Angora moult, and if the rabbit does not naturally moult, it cannot be plucked. German Angoras do not moult. The rabbits must be groomed at least once or twice a week to prevent the fur from matting and felting.
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Allen Johnson, circa 1910 Allen Johnson (1870–1931) was an American historian, teacher, biographer, and editor, most notably of the Dictionary of American Biography. Johnson was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, where his father, Moses Allen Johnson (whose ancestor came to Massachusetts in 1630) worked for the Lowell Felting Mills. His mother was Elmira Shattuck. Johnson was the valedictorian of his high school in 1888, and then attended Amherst College, graduating in 1892.
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"Profiles of 15 of the world's major plant and animal fibres", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy, 2009. A healthy adult Angora's wool will grow approximately per month. Regular grooming is necessary to prevent the fiber from matting and felting on the rabbit, which causes discomfort and can lead to pain and even infection. Angora wool is harvested (plucked or shorn) every three to four months throughout the year.
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Of these types, wool is generally favored for knitting, chiefly owing to its superior elasticity, warmth and (sometimes) felting. It is also common to blend different fibers in the yarn, e.g., 85% alpaca and 15% silk. Even within a type of fiber, there can be great variety in the length and thickness of the fibers; for example, Merino wool and Egyptian cotton are favored because they produce exceptionally long, thin (fine) fibers for their type.
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It has vendors selling a full spectrum of sheep and wool related items including fiber, yarns, spinning wheels, knitting supplies, sheep cheese, lanolin, lamb burgers, vet supplies and breeding stock. It offers the only fleece competition in the state as well as hosting felting, skein and photo competitions.Detroit Lakes Tribune Its educational component includes fiber related and sheep raising classes. Demonstrations include sheep shearing, dog herding, linen-making and a natural fibers fashion show.
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Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have greater bulk than other textiles, and they hold air, which causes the fabric to retain heat. Wool has a high specific thermal resistance, so it impedes heat transfer in general. This effect has benefited desert peoples, as Bedouins and Tuaregs use wool clothes for insulation. Felting of wool occurs upon hammering or other mechanical agitation as the microscopic barbs on the surface of wool fibers hook together.
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The result is a tighter and more dense material that is up to 50% smaller in all directions compared to the pre-felted fabric. Boiled wool is warm, durable, and resistant to water and wind. The general process of felting can be used to process non-woven fibers into pieces of felt used in industry, medical applications, and for crafts and costumes. This can be performed using a variety of fibers, including wool blends, rayon, polyester, and acrylic.
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Ligovsky pond () is artificial lake existing in Ligovo, suburb of Saint Petersburg (Russia) in 1716–1941. Ligovo watermill on a postcard from 1900 In 1703, Peter I had been based the city of Saint Petersburg and this area became capital suburb. In 1710s emperor has taken part in destiny of settlement - it has enjoined to block the Dudergofka river in 1715. On a dam the watermill which specialised on flour-grinding and felting works has been constructed.
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It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–3 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, oval-elliptic, 3–7 cm long, with an acute apex and a serrated margin; they are green on both sides, without the white felting found on most whitebeams. The flowers are pink, with five forward-pointing petals 5–7 mm long; they are produced in corymbs 3–4 cm diameter. The fruit is an oval red pome 10–13 mm diameter.
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One of the most significant development of the Medieval era was the development of economies where water and wind power were more significant than animal and human muscle power. Most water and wind power was used for milling grain. Water power was also used for blowing air in blast furnace, pulping rags for paper making and for felting wool. The Domesday Book recorded 5,624 water mills in Great Britain in 1086, being about one per thirty families.
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St Mary Magdalene church (2000) The church at Lundwood, St. Mary Magdalene, also featured on the Channel 4 hit documentary Priest Idol, which featured an American priest, Father James McCaskill, as he attempted to get the local population back into the rundown church. This was largely a success as his congregation multiplied fourfold. It received a blow when a fire broke out in the church hall as workmen replaced roof felting. The fire destroyed the roof of the hall and gutted the interior.
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Arikeh Aryaei hall in Amol Amol long history has ancestors because of intellectuals and local and national events. depending on the culture of the people some of the ancient ceremony of Mazandaran Islamic traditions mingled, Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Wool, felting, felt hat production and mat weaving are part of the Amoli culture. Varf Chal, Locho Wrestling, Palm and Tiregan named Damavand National Day are local events held each year.
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She is known, in particular, for the unique kinds of hybrid or nuno felts she creates through combining a variety of materials with wool. These combined fibers include silk, linen, and chiffons, as well as fibers from animals such as yak or camel. Her felting process is also distinguished by the multiple stages of reworking required for achieving certain effects. One of her early major assignments involved working on the fabrics for the Jedi costumes in Star Wars Episode 1.
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The felt frontier: I: Polly Stirling: Contemporary feltmaker. Surface Design Journal, 28(4), 35-38 The technique bonds loose fibre, usually wool, into a sheer fabric such as silk gauze, creating a lightweight felt. The fibres can completely cover the background fabric, or they may be used as a decorative design that allows the backing fabric to show. Nuno felting often incorporates several layers of loose fibres combined to build up colour, texture, and/or design elements in the finished fabric.
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Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. (Weft or woof is an old English word meaning "that which is woven".) The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth.
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Anaximenes theory of change reported that air is the source of everything; there is a set of elements or basic stuffs: (i) fire, (ii) air, (iii) wind, (iv) cloud, (v) water, (vi) earth, (vii) stones, which are ordered by their relative density; and the condensation process is analogous to the action of felting. Anaximenes is usually viewed as the inventor of Material Monism, the theory by which there is only one substance (in this case air) of which all other stuffs are mere modifications or states.
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The word textile is from Latin texere which means "to weave", "to braid" or "to construct". The simplest textile art is felting, in which animal fibers are matted together using heat and moisture. Most textile arts begin with twisting or spinning and plying fibers to make yarn (called thread when it is very fine and rope when it is very heavy). The yarn is then knotted, looped, braided, or woven to make flexible fabric or cloth, and cloth can be used to make clothing and soft furnishings.
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Most types of fleece, such as those taken from the alpaca or the Merino sheep, can be put through the wet felting process. One may also use mohair (goat), angora (rabbit), or hair from rodents such as beavers and muskrats. These types of fiber are covered in tiny scales, similar to the scales found on a strand of human hair. Heat, motion, and moisture of the fleece causes the scales to open, while agitating them causes them to latch onto each other, creating felt.
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Russian valenki Valenki (; sg valenok ()) are traditional Russian winter footwear, essentially felt boots: the name valenok literally means "made by felting". Valenki are made of wool felt. They are not water-resistant, and are often worn with galoshes to keep water out and protect the soles from wear and tear. Valenki were once the footwear of choice for many Russians, but in the second half of the 20th century they lost most of their appeal in cities, due to their association with rustic dress.
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A dryer ball Dryer balls are sets of balls, made out of either wool or plastic, the manufacturers of which claim that they help soften fabrics without chemicals in a tumble clothes dryer. Many companies manufacture wool dryer balls, and it is fairly simple for a person to make wool dryer balls by felting wool yarn. A Popular Mechanics article published in 2009 was unable to find any beneficial effects from the use of plastic Dryer Balls. This conclusion was reached by drying clothes with and without the Dryer Balls.
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The Connecticut segment of the river is polluted with mercury levels far beyond background levels, starting at the confluence with the Still River. The hat manufacturing industry of Danbury, Connecticut, which operated from the 19th to the mid-20th century, was the source of most of this mercury pollution, from mercury nitrate used in the felting process. In the 21st century, the mercury remains in the river sediment and flows downstream, especially during storm events. High mercury levels are measured in the sediment at the outflow delta of the Housatonic River into Long Island Sound.
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Plants used for fibers include cotton, flax (for linen), bamboo, ramie, hemp, jute, nettle, raffia, yucca, coconut husk, banana trees, soy and corn. Rayon and acetate fibers are also produced from cellulose mainly derived from trees. Common synthetic fibers include acrylics, polyesters such as dacron and ingeo, nylon and other polyamides, and olefins such as polypropylene. Of these types, wool is generally favored for crochet, chiefly owing to its superior elasticity, warmth and (sometimes) felting; however, wool is generally less convenient to clean and some people are allergic to it.
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The school's goal is not only to develop each child's intellect but to ensure that they will engage themselves in the world with an open heart. Working with the hands is one of the ways to develop the neurological passageways that establish the foundation of thinking. Conscious development and training of the hands using diverse mediums such as copper work, stained glass, beeswax, woodwork, blacksmithing, and felting, leads to enhanced cognition and understanding for the students. Another hallmark is the integration of an artistic component into every academic subject, even history, math and science.
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Karen Hampton is an American fiber artist who creates works of art intended to hang on a wall, and "wearable art" including scarves and jackets. Hampton develops her own fabrics using various surface design techniques that include batik (stamping with copper tjap stamps), rozome, silk-screening, breakdown screen printing, discharging and over dyeing, and felting. She also produces fabric using a "snow" dying technique and produces digital/quilted art pieces. In addition to quilting Hampton uses a variety of sewing techniques to produce wall hangings, such as Korean pojagi patchwork.
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Epstein has long been respected as a knitter and designer, and has been quoted as saying, "I will support anything that promotes knitting." Since 1999, she has published a series of technical books on knitting, focusing on applique ornaments and borders of knitted garments, which are renowned for their creativity. More recently, she has begun to explore other areas of knitting, such as felting. Epstein has also authored popular books on making knitted or crocheted clothes for Barbie dolls, as well as sundry projects for the home, such as afghan blankets and Christmas stockings.
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The blades are ovate to elliptic and up to long, shiny dark green above and pale green below with a felting of pale hairs on the leaf stalk and the midrib. The leaf margin is entire or lightly toothed and the tip acute or acuminate. Male and female flowers are found on separate trees; they are small, yellowish-white and hairy, male flowers being in a group in the axil of a leaf, and female flowers being solitary. The fruits are fleshy, hairy, spherical drupes up to in diameter, ripening to a yellow or orange-red colour.
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Nationally recognized as one of the premier craft organizations in the country alongside schools like Penland, Arrowmont and Lillstreet, Craft Alliance is dedicated to the study of traditional craft mediums within contemporary contexts. Craft Alliance offers annual exhibition programming with a focus on contemporary craft; classes and workshops in ceramic art, metal-smithing, fibers (weaving, felting, etc.), 3D fabrication (3D printing, laser cutting, CNC), graphics (3D modeling, graphic design), and woodturning; artist residencies, free community programs for area families and local schools; and a gallery shop. With an annual operating budget of $1.8 million, Craft Alliance serves more than 50,000 people every year.
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Over time these makers became known for the beautiful abstract patterns they used that were derived from plant, animal, and other symbolic designs. From Siberia and Mongolia, feltmaking spread across the areas held by the Turkic-Mongolian tribes. Sheep and camel herds were central to the wealth and lifestyle of these tribes, both of which were critical to producing the fibers needed for felting. As nomads travelling frequently and living on fairly treeless plains, felt provided housing (yurts, tents, etc.), insulation, floor coverings, and inside walling, as well as many household necessities from bedding and coverings to clothing.
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Needle felting is used in industrial processes as well as in individual crafting. Needles used for crafting are often very thin needles, sometimes fitted in holders that allow the user to utilize 2 or more needles at one time to sculpt wool objects and shapes. The single thin needles are used for detail and the multiple needles that are paired together are used for larger areas or to form the base of the project. At any point in time a variety of fiber colors may be added for detail and individuality, using needles to incorporate them into the project.
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The plant is fairly poisonous, so it is not much browsed, though some caterpillars will eat its succulent leaves. Accordingly, its need for protection does not change much at any time of the year, and some leaves will survive for several years, retaining their felting throughout. In Cephalocereus senilis (old man cactus) radial spines grow into a tangled coating of spectacular white hair that conceal both the green tissue and the formidable sharp central spines beneath. It is only marginally felted, but forms a powerful simultaneous protection against intense radiation, wind, frost, and herbivores of various sizes.
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Chinchilla fur coat, exhibited at the 1900 Exposition Universelle, Paris Humanity has long used animal skins for clothing, as the leather is durable and the fur provides extra insulation. The native people of North America made much use of beaver pelts, tanning and sewing them together to make robes. Europeans appreciated the quality of these and the North American fur trade developed and became of prime importance to early settlers. In Europe, the soft underfur known as "beaver wool" was found to be ideal for felting and was made into beaver hats and trimming for clothing.
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Later, the coypu took over as a cheaper source of fur for felting and was farmed extensively in America and Europe; however, fashions changed, new materials became available and this area of the animal fur industry declined. The chinchilla has a soft and silky coat and the demand for its fur was so high that it was nearly wiped out in the wild before farming took over as the main source of pelts. The quills and guardhairs of porcupines are used for traditional decorative clothing. For example, their guardhairs are used in the creation of the Native American "porky roach" headdress.
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Carnage accepts submissions from GMs, or game masters, volunteering to host sessions of games across the tabletop genres. Typical fare includes board games of the Eurogame and Amerigame varieties, collectible card games like Magic: the Gathering and Legend of the 5 Rings, boffer and dialogue-driven LARPs, miniatures in fantastic and historical milieux, and role-playing games, including ongoing campaigns in living worlds and standalone adventures. Recently Carnage has started including learn-to events such as introduction classes and miniature painting and game creation seminars. Carnage also offers a number of non- gaming events such are "sip'n paints", needle felting and a steam punk fashion show.
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A 1984 Winnipeg Art Gallery exhibition of Dyck's work featured several hundred jars of buttons prepared and cooked using different culinary techniques. Dyck was trained to crochet in the Salish style by a weaver in Prince Albert, Manitoba. After accidentally felting some of her woven work, she began to design felt sculptures, such as Close Knit ((1975‑1981)), Skirt Issue (1981) and Forest (1975‑1981), as well as sculptures that combined felt art with found objects, such as 23 Suitcases (1981). Dyck is best known for her work with honeybees, which began in 1989 when she rented beehives, and is described by her as a collaboration.
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Europeans also used the name kurdaitcha (or kadaitcha) to refer to a distinctive type of oval feathered shoes, apparently worn by the kurdaitcha (man). The Indigenous names for these shoes are interlinia in northern Australia and intathurta in the south. The soles are made of emu feathers, and the uppers of human hair or animal fur. Most of the early European descriptions state that human blood was used as the principal binding agent; however Kim Akerman noted that although human blood might indeed have been used to charge the shoes with magical power, it is likely felting was actually the main method used to bind the parts together.
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After inviting tenders, the plaintiff, Norwich CC, engaged a contractor The contractor was Bush Builders (Norwich) Ltd to build an extension to their swimming pool complex.Legalmax case report Clause 20A in the contract declared that the works were at the sole risk of Norwich CC, as regards loss or damage by fire; and that Norwich CC would arrange adequate insurance cover against those risks. Presumably Norwich CC wanted to ensure that the insurance was "in their own hands", and it also meant that the contractors could exclude insurance costings from their tender. The contractor engaged a sub-contractor to carry out felting work on the new roof.
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Making coir rope in Kerala, India All parts of the canoe are connected by thin coir ropes Red coir is used in floor mats and doormats, brushes, mattresses, floor tiles and sacking. A small amount is also made into twine. Pads of curled brown coir fibre, made by needle-felting (a machine technique that mats the fibres together), are shaped and cut to fill mattresses and for use in erosion control on river banks and hillsides. A major proportion of brown coir pads are sprayed with rubber latex which bonds the fibres together (rubberised coir) to be used as upholstery padding for the automobile industry in Europe.
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The extensions included the construction of a custom designed Factory area to house facilities for a range of heritage trades. Several additional galleries were added at this point, some of which house a range of temporary exhibits. One and two-day workshops in heritage trades including blacksmithing, silversmithing, stonemasonry, millinery, leather crafting, felting, glass art, calligraphy, leather plaiting, and creative bookmaking are conducted throughout the year. The Museum now houses over 50 horse-drawn vehicles, including sturdy drays and farm wagons, that tell the story of European settlement on the Darling Downs, while sulkies and buggies demonstrate transportation imported to Australia during the 1880s.
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The fishermen traded metal items for beaver robes made of sewn-together, native-tanned, beaver pelts. They used the robes to keep warm on the long, cold return voyages across the Atlantic. These castor gras in French became prized by European hat makers in the second half of the 16th century, as they converted the pelts to fur felt. The discovery of the superior felting qualities of beaver fur, along with the rapidly increasing popularity of beaver felt hats in fashion, transformed the incidental trading of fishermen in the sixteenth century into a growing trade in the French and later English territories in the next century.
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The effect of the milling process is to draw the yarns much closer together than could be achieved in the loom and allow the individual fibres of the wool to bind together in a felting process, which results in a dense, blind face cloth with a stiff drape which is highly weather-resistant, hard wearing and capable of taking a cut edge without the need for being hemmed. It was made in several parts of England at the end of the medieval period. The raw material was short staple wool, carded and spun into yarn and then woven on a broad loom to produce cloth 1.75 yards wide. It was then fulled, usually in a fulling mill.
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Eugene Textile Center (ETC) is a studio and a regional source of fiber arts materials, equipment, and lessons in weaving, spinning, dyeing, and felting. Founded by Suzie Liles and Marilyn Robert in 2008 in Eugene, Oregon, USA, ETC offers classes and studio space for weaving and surface design, as well as meeting space for the Eugene Weavers' Guild. The Center also maintains a gallery showing rotating exhibits of fiber arts. The Arts and Business Alliance of Eugene, a project supported by the Oregon Arts Commission and the National Endowment for the Arts, described ETC in 2013 as "the only combination studio/retail outlet/educational center of its kind in the Pacific Northwest".
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Rich and intricate art quilts reflect her local environment and incorporate imagery drawn from her studies of botany, wildlife, historic architecture, and the Susquehanna River. She employs surface design techniques including cyanotype, mono printing, digital image transfer, and needle felting as the basis for works that also incorporate hand painted fabrics, hand and machine stitching, and beadwork. She was one of the first group of artists involved in the fiber art postcard phenomenon and was interviewed about this topic for the "Quilters' S.O.S. - Save Our Stories" project for The Alliance For American Quilts.The Alliance For American Quilts - Quilters' S.O.S Save Our Stories project The transcription and photographs are archived by the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress.
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In this part of the exhibition we can see a boiler used for dyeing wool and yarn, cylinder fulling mill for coarse textile, two power gig-mills (one with metal needles, the other with thistle) hand shears, and automatic shearing machine, and finally a textile folding machine. This exhibition is completed by laboratory devices, the collections of various shuttles, a catalogue of sample textiles produced in Bielsko and Biała (1928–1940), lithographies presenting local factories (ca.1870), as well as paintings and graphic arts connected with textile industry. The Museum also presents many machines used to produce hats: cone carding machine, felting machines, hammer fulling mill, dyeing apparatus, drawing frame, sand press and others.
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Before use, hanks are wound into balls in which the yarn emerges from the center, making crocheting easier by preventing the yarn from becoming easily tangled. The winding process may be performed by hand or done with a ballwinder and swift. A yarn's usefulness is judged by several factors, such as its loft (its ability to trap air), its resilience (elasticity under tension), its washability and colorfastness, its hand (its feel, particularly softness vs. scratchiness), its durability against abrasion, its resistance to pilling, its hairiness (fuzziness), its tendency to twist or untwist, its overall weight and drape, its blocking and felting qualities, its comfort (breathability, moisture absorption, wicking properties) and its appearance, which includes its color, sheen, smoothness and ornamental features.
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This transformation may be done by hand, or with a device known as a ballwinder. When knitting, some knitters enclose their balls in jars to keep them clean and untangled with other yarns; the free yarn passes through a small hole in the jar-lid. A yarn's usefulness for a knitting project is judged by several factors, such as its loft (its ability to trap air), its resilience (elasticity under tension), its washability and colorfastness, its hand (its feel, particularly softness vs. scratchiness), its durability against abrasion, its resistance to pilling, its hairiness (fuzziness), its tendency to twist or untwist, its overall weight and drape, its blocking and felting qualities, its comfort (breathability, moisture absorption, wicking properties) and of course its look, which includes its color, sheen, smoothness and ornamental features.
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Textile market on the sidewalks of Karachi, Pakistan Magnified view of a plain or tabby weave textile Fabric shop in canal town Mukalla, Yemen Late antique textile, Egyptian, now in the Dumbarton Oaks collection Condé Nast wearing a silk Fortuny tea gown Traditional tablecloth, Maramureș, Romania A textile is a flexible material made by creating an interlocking network of yarns or threads, which are produced by spinning raw fibres (from either natural or synthetic sources) into long and twisted lengths. Textiles are then formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting , tatting, felting, or braiding these yarns together. The related words "fabric" and "cloth" and "material" are often used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage.
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The U.S. bearing industry by this point was a $1 billion business, having tripled in size since World War II. As a leading producer of a broad line of anti- friction bearings, including needle, ball, roller, and specialty bearings, Torrington had benefited immeasurably from the prolific growth of the bearing industry, while the company's host of other products buttressed its financial performance. In addition to bearings, Torrington's eight domestic plants were devoted to the manufacture of nuts, screws, bolts, metal specialties, spokes and nipples, drill bits, surgeon needles, hooking and felting needles, swaging machines, and a special purpose sewing machine, lending a diversity to the company's business lines that insulated it from cyclical economic conditions to a large extent. Beyond U.S. borders, the Torrington empire comprised manufacturing facilities in England, Canada, Germany, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, and in Japan, giving the company a sizeable presence in key international markets. The domestic and international operations created a solid manufacturing entity that flourished during the 1960s. Sales, which stood at $33.6 million in 1950, totaled $67.5 million in 1960, then shot upward to $93.4 million in 1965.
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