The variety makes defining "Mastodon culture" nearly impossible; it depends on what instance you call home, and which instances yours federates with.
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The HLA rules describe the responsibilities of federations and the federates that join. # Federations shall have an HLA federation object model (FOM), documented in accordance with the HLA object model template (OMT). # In a federation, all representation of objects in the FOM shall be in the federates, not in the run-time infrastructure (RTI). # During a federation execution, all exchange of FOM data among federates shall occur via the RTI.
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Another challenge is availability and timeout. As the number of federates (federated sources) grows, the likelihood of one or more slow or offline federates becomes high. The federated search must decide when to consider a federate offline, or wait for a slow response. Response times will be dictated by the slowest federate of the bunch.
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The Fédération Spéléologique Européenne / European Speleological Federation (FSE) is the European organisation which federates the national caving federations/associations in Europe.
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Ofis ar Brezhoneg: bilingue Besides bilingual schools, the Breton language is also taught in some schools and universities. The association Sked federates all Breton cultural activities.
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Charles Hedrich's expeditions and adventures are part of Respectons la Terre association, which federates sports adventurers and carries out awareness-raising activities on the ground with, in particular, young people from Seine-Saint-Denis.
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OW2 is an independent non-profit organization dedicated to developing open source code infrastructure for middleware enterprise information systems. OW2 federates IT vendors and users, universities, and research centers from Europe, Asia, and the Americas, representing thousands of IT professionals.
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After the Battle of Waterloo, he retreated behind the Loire river and attempted to obtain a military commission again, attempting the raise battalions of Federates in Ain with the help of prefect Jean-Jacques Baude, but he had to retire again.
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The federation was founded in 1998 to coordinate and present at the European level the research of members of national and European neuroscience societies. It succeeded the European Neuroscience Association. FENS federates 44 member societies and 5 associate member societies, representing around 23,000 scientists.
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To carry out its multidisciplinary missions, the Observatoire de Grenoble federates : 6 research units (ISTerre, IPAG, IGE, LEGI, LECA, Irstea Grenoble), 5 associated research teams (FAME/ESRF, CEN/CNRM, Environnements/PACTE, SigmaPhy/Gipsa-Lab, LAME/LIPhy) and 2 joint service units (UMS OSUG, SAJF).
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The European University of Brittany (French Université européenne de Bretagne), located in Rennes, France, was a center for higher education, academic research and doctoral studies located over multiple campuses in the Academie de Rennes. It includes a doctoral college that federates university institutes, engineering schools and research centres.
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Another challenge is robust query. Federated search may have to restrict itself to the minimal set of query capabilities that are common to all federates. E.g. if Google supports negation and quoted phrases, but science.gov does not, it will be impossible for the federated search to support negated, quoted phrases.
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In the 4th century CE, the tribe's dwelling places were in Transjordan and they served as foederati (federates) of the Byzantine Empire.Shahid, p. 544. They were among the Arab foederati, including the Banu Kalb, Judham, Bali, and Lakhm, that fought the Muslim Arabs at the Battle of Mu'tah in 629.Shahid, p.
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In the year 412, the limitanei (permanently stationed border guards) of Cyrenaica needed help to resist attacks by the Austuriani group of Mauri. The Eastern Empire (at that time under regents for the young Emperor Theodosius II) sent a squadron of Unigardi barbarians. Synesius of Cyrene praised these barbarian federates and requested more.
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Roman conquest brought with it a significant Romanization of the region. During the Dominate period, 'barbarian' federates were settled on Macedonian soil at times; such as the Sarmatians settled by Constantine (330s AD)Peter Heather, Goths and Romans 332–489. p. 129 or the (10 year) settlement of Alaric's Goths.Macedonia in Late Antiquity p. 551.
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Flavius Aetius ( ; ; c. 391 – 454), also Aëtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. He was an able military commander and the most influential man in the Western Roman Empire for two decades (433454). He managed policy in regard to the attacks of barbarian federates settled throughout the Western Roman Empire.
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The European Commission runs microfinance programmes (loans under €25 000) for self-employed people and businesses with fewer than 10 employees. European seed capital is available, but typically is limited to a 50% share. European SMEs can often benefit from the Eureka programme, which federates SMEs and research organisations, such as universities. Government programmes are often tied to political initiatives.Greentrustwind.co.
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107, 114S. Schama, p. 611Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac (1862?) Histoire des Girondins et des Massacres de Septembre, p. ? The identity of the "septembriseurs" is unknown, but a large number of them were undoubtedly Parisian national guards and provincial federates who remained in the city since their arrival in July. By 6 September, half the prison population of Paris had been summarily executed.
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This tradition holds that Bahra' had five sons Ahwad, Qasit, Abada, Qasr and Adi, all of whose progeny became large clans of the tribe. There are scant records of the Bahra' tribe in the pre-Islamic era, but it is apparent that they were part of the Ghassanid-led Arab tribal federates of the Byzantine Empire in the Syrian Desert.Shahid 2002, p.118.
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Ontologies (rules) can be added to map results to common forms using that technology. Another challenge is sorting and scoring results. Each web resource has its own notion of relevance score, and may support some sorted results orders. Relevance varies greatly among "federates" in the search, so knowing how to interleave results to show the most relevant is difficult or impossible.
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Hunnic dominance in Central and Eastern Europe was broken as a result of the battle. It is hard to reconstruct the exact course of events, but by the early 460s the Hunnic Empire was dissolved with the Gepids, Rugii, Heruli, Suebi, and Ostrogoths achieving independenceThe Cambridge Ancient History, vol 14, p. 18. . and eventually becoming federates of the Eastern Roman Empire.Wolfram 1990, p.260.
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The CAL federates 7 regional branches and coordinates 28 secularist associations. The CAL's regional branches are organised by province, with the exception of Hainaut that has two (Mons and Charleroi) and Brussels (which is not a province). Each local establishment chooses privileged areas of application and defines its organisation according to its environment, its audiences and goals to achieve. The CAL's Flemish equivalent is deMens.nu.
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In simulation, run-time infrastructure (RTI) is a middleware that is required when implementing the High Level Architecture (HLA). RTI is the fundamental component of HLA. It provides a set of software services that are necessary to support federates to coordinate their operations and data exchange during a runtime execution. In other sense, it is the implementation of the HLA interface specification but is not itself part of specification.
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Le Volontaire de 1792, public statue in Remiremont The term "fédérés" (sometimes translated to English as "federates") most commonly refers to the troops who volunteered for the French National Guard in the summer of 1792 during the French Revolution. The fédérés of 1792 effected a transformation of the Guard from a constitutional monarchist force into a republican revolutionary force. "Fédérés" has several other closely related meanings, also discussed in this article.
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The RTI services are defined in the HLA Interface Specification. They are grouped into seven service groups. In addition to these services, the Management Object Model (MOM) provides services that makes it possible to inspect and adjust the state of the federation programmatically. Most RTIs consist of a Central RTI Component (CRC), which is an executable and Local RTI Components (LRCs), which are libraries that are used by the federates.
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Therefore, the development, testing and performance test environments must include installation and configuration for many sub-systems to allow safe, secure testing. Another challenge within an enterprise is HA/DR (high- availability and disaster recovery). For the overall federated system to be HA/DR, every sub-system must be HA/DR. Similarly, performance modeling and capacity planning for the federated system requires modeling, planning and sometimes expansion of all federates.
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In the fifth century Bagaudae are noted initially in the Loire valley and Brittany, circa AD 409-17,L'Huillier 2005:290. fighting various armies sent against them by the last seriously effective Western Roman general, Flavius Aëtius. Aetius used federates such as the Alans under their king Goar to try and suppress a Bacaudic revolt in Armorica. St Germanus got mercy for the Bagaudae but they later revolted again under a leader called Tibatto.
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The combined forces of the federates would have been far greater in number than Aetius' own Roman army, which had become much smaller by this time. Assuming that the Hunnic and Germanic forces were roughly the same size as the Roman and federate army, those involved in the battle could be in excess of 100,000 combatants in total. This excludes the inevitable servants and camp followers who usually escape mention in the primary sources.
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He ordered his troops to ignore them and to attack the powerful Alans and Visigoths instead. It was a sad commentary on the force that had once dominated Europe, the Mediterranean and much of the Middle East. It is true that at Châlons, the Roman infantry contributed to the victory by seizing part of the battlefield's high ground. Nevertheless, its day had already passed in favour of the mass levies of the barbarian federates.
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It is in this context that Napoleon I landed in France on March 1, 1815. With an army initially reduced, it federates the discontented and walks across the country1. The king, who sees the opportunity to get rid of himself, cannot stop him, but more of the troops join him. Louis XVIII leaves Paris on March 19, and the regime falls the next day, at the arrival of Napoleon at the Tuileries.
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So, while Stilicho was busy fighting an invasion of Vandals and Alans in Rhaetia and Noricum, Alaric led his people into an invasion of Italy in 401, reaching it in November without encountering much resistance. The Goths captured a few unnamed cities and besieged the Western Roman capital Mediolanum. Stilicho, now with Alan and Vandal federates in his army, relieved the siege, forcing a crossing at the Adda river. Alaric retreated to Pollentia.
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One thing led to another to create a spiral. The policy of substituting mercenaries who were paid in gold which should have gone to support the professional standing army and accommodation to their presence spelled the doom of the Western Empire. The federates, operating from within the boundaries of the Empire, eventually became the new landlords, as there was no professional Roman army to subdue them. Ancient authors bitterly comment on this series of policy mistakes.
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The Suebi were another Germanic tribe in the west of the peninsula; some sources said that they became established as federates of the Roman Empire in the old Northwestern Roman province of Gallaecia. But they were largely independent and raided neighboring provinces to expand their political control over ever-larger portions of the southwest after the Vandals and Alans left. They created a totally independent Suebic Kingdom. In 447 AC they converted to Roman Catholicism under King Rechila.
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In 1998, executives at Michelin made the decision to host an event that would showcase technological research into "clean vehicles" and allow them to be assessed in real operating conditions. "Bibendum" is the name used in France for the iconic figure known in English language countries simply as "The Michelin Man". In June 2017, Michelin Challenge Bibendum has become Movin'On. The first edition was held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and federates the worlds of mobility and innovation, public authorities and NGOs.
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Carrier clouds encompass data centers at different network tiers and wide area networks that connect multiple data centers to each other as well as to the cloud users. Links between data centers are used, for instance, for failover, overflow, backup, and geographic diversity. Carrier clouds can be set up as public, private, or hybrid clouds. The carrier cloud federates these cloud entities, using a single management system to orchestrate, manage, and monitor data center and network resources as a single system.
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The Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France (formerly Université Lille Nord de France) is a French Groups of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) spread over multiple campuses and centered in Lille (North - Hauts-de-France). It includes a European Doctoral College and federates universities, engineering schools and research centers. With more than one hundred thousand students, it is one of the largest university federations in France. The University of Lille, with nearly 70,000 students, is the main component.
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The Church of Christ in the Congo or CCC (in French, Église du Christ au Congo or ECC), is a union of 62 Protestant denominations, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Within the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it is often simply referred to as the Protestant Church, as it federates the vast majority of the Protestants in that country. It is a member of the Fellowship of Christian Councils and Churches in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa.
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Following the death of Attila, various Germanic and other tribes sought their independence from his empire. They allied under the command of Ardaric, the Gepid king, and defeated the Huns and supporting forces at the Battle of Nedao in 454 CE. While the role of the Ostragoths in that battle is unclear, it resulted in their independence as well. After the Battle of Nedao, the newly freed tribes jockeyed for supremacy in Pannonia for the next fifteen years, most eventually becoming federates of the Eastern Roman Empire.
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St. Sergius in Resafa, which the Bahra' tribe were in charge of protecting as tribal federates of the Byzantine Empire The general consensus is that the Bahra' belonged to the Quda'a, an Arab tribal confederation with Yemenite roots, though a minority of sources place them as part of another Yemenite tribal grouping, the Banu Judham.Bosworth, p. 938. According to Arab genealogical tradition, as chronicled by Ibn Abd Rabbih (d. 960), the tribe’s progenitor was a certain Bahra' ibn Amr ibn al-Haf ibn Quda’a.Ibn Rabbihi, p. 276.
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The RPR FOM is a Federation Object Model (FOM) for the High-Level Architecture designed to organize the PDUs of DIS into an HLA object class and interaction class hierarchy. It has been developed as the SISO standard SISO-STD-001. The purpose is to support transition of legacy DIS systems to the HLA, to enhance a priori interoperability among RPR FOM users and to support newly developed federates with similar requirements. The most recent version is RPR FOM version 2.0 that corresponds to DIS version 6.
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The reliance on bands of barbarian federates by the government instead of their own regular regiments caused problems for Orestes. In 476, these federal tribes demanded that they be given a third of the land, much like the federal tribes in Gaul. Orestes refused their demand which caused the federal tribes to rebel and to appoint a Scirian officer named Odoacer as their king. There is some debate about the position of Odoacer with modern scholars describing him as being part of the Roman military establishment.
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The terms of the Ghassanids' tribute was, according to Ibn Habib, one dinar, a dinar and a half, and two dinars, for each Ghassanid tribesman, depending on their status.Shahid, p. 288. The killings of Dawud, Ziyad and Sabit, the Salihids' decreased strength after the 468 Vandalic campaign, and the assaults by the powerful Kindites and Ghassanids of Arabia toward the end of the 5th century, all led to the Salihids' weakened status by 502, when the Ghassanids formally became the dominant Arab federates of Byzantium.
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The Eastern army set out towards the west from Constantinople in May 394. The re-galvanized legions were bolstered by numerous barbarian auxiliaries including over 20,000 Visigoth federates and additional forces from Syria. Theodosius himself led the army; among his commanders were his own generals Stilicho and Timasius, the Visigoth chieftain Alaric, and a Caucasian Iberian named Bacurios Hiberios. Their advance through Pannonia until the Julian Alps was unopposed, and Theodosius and his officers must have had suspicions about what lay ahead when they discovered that the eastern ends of the mountain passes were undefended.
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The reception where visitors enter is the original ticket office from a railway station in the village of La Granada. In 1972, MOROP, an association that federates national associations of railroad and model railroad enthusiasts, held their nineteenth congress in Barcelona.Associació d'Amics del Ferrocarril de Barcelona The antique locomotives displayed at the congress were stored in the facilities that would later house the museum. In 1981, the centenary of the commercial rail line between Barcelona and Vilanova, the creation of a Railway Museum in the old engine shed was proposed.
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After Gunderic's death in 428, Gaiseric became king of the Vandals, continuing the hostilities begun by his brother. To this end, he sought ways of increasing the power and wealth of his people, who then resided in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica in southern Hispania. The Vandals had suffered greatly from attacks from the more numerous Visigothic federates, and not long after taking power, Gaiseric decided to leave Hispania to this rival Germanic tribe. In fact, he seems to have started building a Vandal fleet even before he became king.
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From the sixth century, large numbers of Slavs, Avars and Bulgars invaded the Balkan provinces of the East Roman Empire. Prior to Roman times, the Balkans had already consisted of a large culturally and ethnically mixed population. The 'ancient' inhabitants, generically referred to as Ancient Greeks, Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, were split into many smaller tribes who had different customs and even languages. The picture was mixed further in Roman times, when Roman colonists were settled the Balkan cities, as well as Germanic, Celtic and Sarmatian federates in the countryside.
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Then they threatened to break the treaty, which they did, spreading the onslaught "from sea to sea". # This war, which Higham called the "War of the Saxon Federates", ended some 20–30 years later, shortly after the siege at Mons Badonicus, and some 40 years before Gildas was born. # A peace existed with the Saxons, who returned to their eastern home, which Gildas called a lugubre divortium barbarorum—a grievous divorce from the barbarians. The "divorce settlement", Higham in particular has argued, was a worse treaty from the British viewpoint.
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Early in the history of the Roman Republic, foederati were the tribes that were bound by a treaty (foedus ) to come to the defense of Rome but which were neither Roman colonies nor a beneficiaries of Roman citizenship (civitas). The Latini tribe were considered blood allies, but the rest were federates or socii. The friction between these treaty obligations without the corresponding benefits of Romanity led to the Social War between the Romans, with a few close allies, and the disaffected socii. A law of 90 BC (Lex Julia) offered Roman citizenship to the federate states that accepted the terms.
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The immediate and long-term effects of the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields are somewhat disputed. Attila returned to invade the Western Roman Empire in 452, which was more successful than his invasion of Gaul. After a 3-month siege of Aquileia, arranged by Aetius in the hopes it would use up his whole campaigning season, Attila razed the city and ravaged the Po Valley. Aetius, without aid from the federates in Gaul and without the military capacity to stop Attila on his own, sent an embassy consisting of Pope Leo I, Trygetius, and Gennadius Avienus to broker a treaty with Attila.
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Arther Ferrill notes that, aside from the Battle of Qarqar (Karkar), this was the first significant conflict that involved large alliances on both sides. No single nation dominated either side; rather, two alliances met and fought in surprising coordination for the time. Meghan McEvoy, also, indicates that Aetius' successful construction and utilization of the federates in Gaul was a testament to his diplomatic and administrative skills, as well as to the influence of his military success. Ferrill writes: Even Hyun Jin Kim, who argues for a Hunnish victory, thinks that the battle had a major outcome on the future of Roman Gaul.
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Windows Explorer in Windows 7 supports file libraries that aggregate content from various locations – including shared folders on networked systems if the shared folder has been indexed by the host system – and present them in a unified view. The libraries hide the actual location the file is stored in. Searching in a library automatically federates the query to the remote systems, in addition to searching on the local system, so that files on the remote systems are also searched. Unlike search folders, Libraries are backed by a physical location which allows files to be saved in the Libraries.
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Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 supports libraries, virtual folders described in a `.library-ms` file that aggregates content from various locations – including shared folders on networked systems if the shared folder has been indexed by the host system – and present them in a unified view. Searching in a library automatically federates the query to the remote systems, in addition to searching on the local system, so that files on the remote systems are also searched. Unlike search folders, Libraries are backed by a physical location which allows files to be saved in the libraries.
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After his studies in agronomy, he embarked on a "world tour of hope", in order to encounter those who are truly changing the world. The book published from this experience became a best-seller, convincing him that positive information deserves to be shared. After several years of strategic consulting and change management for Arthur-Andersen (now Bearingpoint), he started his social enterprise (Sparknews) to source innovative solutions, showcase them in the media and connect them with the corporate world. Impact Journalism Day is one of Sparknews' project, which federates 50 leading international newsrooms and reaches 120 million readers.
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The Grenoble Observatory for Sciences of the Universe (OSUG) () is an observatory of the sciences of the Universe(OSU) attached to CNRS-INSU and a school of the Grenoble Alpes University. The Observatories of Earth Sciences and Astronomy (OSU, in French) are dedicated to observation, research, training, and public outreach. The Observatory of Grenoble (OSUG) engages in scientific studies related to all aspects of the Universe, the Earth and environmental systems. The OSUG federates 1100 personals in 6 research Units, 5 Associated Research Teams and 2 joint service units federated, mostly located on the Saint-Martin d'Hères Campus near Grenoble.
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Sky Watch, also known as Sky Watch Civil Air Patrol (SWCAP), is a volunteer civil aviation organisation founded in 2000 in the United Kingdom in Yorkshire. The program federates efforts of small aircraft and microlight pilots to assist air traffic control and emergency services by providing search and rescue and air-sea rescue resources when called upon. It has over 200 members and is the "largest charitable air observation organisations in Europe". While similar in function to the United States Civil Air Patrol, Sky Watch is considerably younger and does not have the same degree of integration with the air force.
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However, after the War of the Saxon Federates, if there were acts of genocide, mass exodus, or mass slavery, Gildas did not seem to know about them. Gildas, in discussing the holy shrines, mentioned that the spiritual life of Britain had suffered, because of the partition (divortium), of the country, which was preventing the citizens (cives) from worshipping at the shrines of the martyrs. Control had been ceded to the Saxons, even control of access to such shrines. The church was now 'tributary', her sons had 'embraced dung' and the nobility had lost their authority to govern.
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In 405 Radagaisus, the king of one of the Gothic tribes north of the Danube, led a combined force of Goths, Alans, Sueves, and Vandals across the Danube and the Alps and into Italy. This disrupted Stilicho's plans to re-take Illyricum from the Eastern Empire with the help of Alaric. Stilicho, scraping together a force of c. 20,000 men (thirty numeri of Roman troops with supporting units of federates of Alans and Huns) through a variety of desperate methods, including efforts to enroll slaves in the army in exchange for their freedom, at Ticinum (Pavia) led this force at the beginning of the campaigning season in 406 against Radagaisus .
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Farmers' markets, are physical retail markets featuring foods sold directly by farmers to consumers. Community-supported agriculture (CSA), network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms, with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits of food production. The URGENCI network federates initiatives of CSA from all over the world. Gruppi di acquisto solidale (GAS) Italian networks initiated by consumers that link up to farmers to organize alternative food provision AMAP (French Associations pour le maintien d'une agriculture paysanne) support peasant and organic agriculture through direct links between farmers and consumers Food hubs aggregate, distribute and market food from farmers to consumers.
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Perhaps after an initial defeat, Peter came to terms with the enemy and now used Magyar groups as his allies against Serbia. Various Magyar clans and chieftains appear to have begun to settle in what was still Bulgarian territory north of the Danube, where they may have become Bulgarian federates, enjoying independence from the Árpád dynasty. This arrangement paved the way for the eventual loss of the region to the Magyars, although that happened over the half-century following Peter's death. Peter apparently allowed these groups to cross Bulgaria and raid Byzantine territories in Thrace and Macedonia, perhaps as an underhanded reaction against Byzantine support for the Serbian rebellion.
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University headquarters in downtown Besançon The University of Franche-Comté (UFC) is a pluridisciplinary public French university located in Besançon, Franche-Comté, with decentralized campuses in Belfort, Montbéliard, Vesoul and Lons-le-Saunier. It is a founding member of the community of universities and institutions University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté (COMUE UBFC), headquartered in Besançon and which federates universities and other higher learning institutes in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. With 28 research labs, 667 PhD students and 788 research professors in 2016–2017, the University of Franche-Comté is well represented in the research community. It collaborates with many organizations (University Hospital of Besançon, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, etc.).
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In 452, while Attila was raiding Italy, then a part of the Western Roman Empire, Marcian launched expeditions across the Danube into the Great Hungarian Plain, defeating the Huns in their own heartland. This action, accompanied by the famine and plague that broke out in northern Italy, allowed the Western Roman Empire to bribe Attila into retreating from the Italian peninsula. After Attila's death in 453, Marcian took advantage of the resulting fragmentation of the Hunnic confederation by settling Germanic tribes within Roman lands as ("federates" providing military service in exchange for benefits). Marcian also convened the Council of Chalcedon, which declared that Jesus had two "natures": divine and human.
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The Center now federates the three networks mentioned above (the Chromatiques whiteheadiennes, the Whitehead Psychology Nexus, and the European William James Project) and provides an institutional base for two new activities: first, the publication of a scholarly book series appearing under the label Les Éditions Chromatika (Chromatika Editions) and, second, the opening in Brussels of Belgium's first philosophical counseling service or "philosophical praxis."Centre de philosophie pratique "Chromatiques whiteheadiennes." See also "The Chromatiques whiteheadiennes Centre for Philosophical Practice," Process Perspectives , 30:1 (Summer 2007), pp. 17-18. Since 2007, he has been a member of the "Contemporary Ontological Visions" network of the Institute for Philosophical Research of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
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Logo TV France International TV France International is the organization in charge of promoting French audiovisual programming around the world. It brings together the whole range of audiovisual programme exporters. It facilitates sales and coproduction by organising its own events and also through its presence at key events in the sector around the world. It carries out constant monitoring of international markets, keeps its members informed and federates their actions. TV France International owes its dynamism to the high level of involvement of its members and the support of its main partners: the Centre national du cinéma et de l’image animée (CNC), the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, and the Procirep..
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The National Trust of Australia, officially the Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT), is the Australian national peak body for community-based, non- government non-profit organisations committed to promoting and conserving Australia's indigenous, natural and historic heritage. Incorporated in 1965, it federates the eight autonomous National Trusts in each Australian state and internal self-governing territory, providing them with a national secretariat and a national and international presence. Collectively, the constituent National Trusts own or manage over 300 heritage places (the majority held in perpetuity), and manage a volunteer workforce of 7,000 while also employing about 350 people nationwide. Around visitors experience the properties and their collections in Australia each year.
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The Bahra' (; Bahrāʾ) were an Arab tribe that inhabited the middle Euphrates valley around Rusafa during the late Byzantine era and later the Homs region of central Syria during the Islamic era. After converting to Christianity and becoming part of the Ghassanid-led tribal federates of the Byzantines in the late 6th century, the Bahra' were tasked with guarding the trade center and Arab Christian holy city of al-Rusafa. They were part of Byzantine–Arab coalitions against the nascent Arab Muslims in 629, 633 and 634 before ultimately converting to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Syria. In the following centuries they mostly inhabited central Syria, lending their name to the area's Jabal Bahra' range.
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Additional services provide transfer of ownership, data distribution optimizations and monitoring and management of participating Federates (systems). The MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) supported by the OASIS organization. It provides a lightweight publish/subscribe reliable messaging transport protocol on top of TCP/IP suitable for communication in M2M/IoT contexts where a small code footprint is required and/or network bandwidth is at a premium. The Object Management Group's Data Distribution Service (DDS) provides message-oriented Publish/Subscribe (P/S) middleware standard that aims to enable scalable, real-time, dependable, high performance and interoperable data exchanges between publishers and subscribers.Data Distribution Service for Real-time Systems (DDS), Object Management Group, version 1.2, January 2007 The standard provides interfaces to C++, C++11, C, Ada, Java and Ruby.
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This, however, does not undermine the position of the Gallic Chronicles as a very important contemporary source, which suggests that Bede's later date for 'the arrival of the Saxons' was mistaken. In the chronicle, Britain is grouped with four other Roman territories which came under 'Germanic' dominion around the same time, the list being intended as an explanation of the end of the Roman empire in the west. The four share a similar history, as they were all given into the "power of the barbarians" by Roman authority: three were deliberately settled with Germanic federates and though the Vandals took Africa by force their dominion was confirmed by treaty. Procopius states that Brittia was settled by three nations: the Angili, Frissones, and Brittones, each ruled by its own king.
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Common to each European School, the respective Parents' Associations are responsible for overseeing the provision of school transportation, the running of canteen services and extra-curricula activities. Each Parents' Association is open to any parent or legal guardian who has a child enrolled in the Schools, and possesses a place on the Administrative Board of their respective European School. Via a body which federates all the Parents' Associations of the European Schools, InterParents, they participate in meetings of the Board of Governors of the European Schools, enabling them a voice in intergovernmental meetings which set the future direction of the organisation as a whole. Each Parents' Association is also a member of the Groupe Unitaire pour la Défense des Ecoles Européennes (GUDEE), which groups Parents’Associations, Trades- Unions and other organisations possessing an interest in the future of the European Schools together.
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The Social and Environmental Responsibility World Forum is an initiative organized by the Réseau Alliances in 1993 in partnership with private and public organizations, to encourage social and economic responsibility among businesses. The initiative was planned for four years (2007–2010), with the goal of creating a permanent cycle of continuous exchanges and communication between actors from all parts of the world. The work of the Forum was based on concrete projects and actions to formulate to generalize social and environmental responsibility throughout the world. During that period, major events were supposed to take place in Lille to bring together actors and experts in social and environmental responsibility of all nationalities, especially during the international meetings scheduled in October each year. Developed on economic leaders’ initiative, the Réseau Alliances federates and helps businesses anxious to improve their performance while being more respectful of people and the environment.
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The term "middle-range theory" does not refer to a specific theory, but is rather an approach to theory construction. Raymond Boudon defines middle-range theory as a commitment to two ideas. The first is positive, and describes what such theories should do: sociological theories, like all scientific theories, should aim to consolidate otherwise segregated hypotheses and empirical regularities; "if a 'theory' is valid, it 'explains' and in other words 'consolidates' and federates empirical regularities which on their side would appear otherwise segregated." The other is negative, and it relates to what theory cannot do: "it is hopeless and quixotic to try to determine the overarching independent variable that would operate in all social processes, or to determine the essential feature of social structure, or to find out the two, three, or four couples of concepts ... that would be sufficient to analyze all social phenomena".
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The basin continued to serve as an important route during the Roman era, connecting the Arabia Petraea province with the Arabian Peninsula. Though its strategic value emanated from its role as a gateway for trans-Arabian trade and transportation, Wadi Sirhan was also a significant source of salt. At its northern end, it was guarded by the fortress of Azraq, while its southern end was guarded by the fortress of Dumat al-Jandal. At both forts inscriptions were found indicating the presence of troops from the Bosra-based Legio III Cyrenaica. Wadi Sirhan was the home region from which the Salihids entered Syria and became the principal Arab federates of the Byzantine Empire throughout the 5th century CE. When the Salihids were succeeded by the Ghassanids at the beginning of the 6th century, Wadi Sirhan became dominated by the latter’s allies, the Banu Kalb. The Ghassanids were charged by the Byzantines with supervision over the region after Emperor Justinian dismantled the Limes Arabicus, a series of garrisoned fortifications guarding the empire’s eastern desert frontiers, .
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Visigothic settlement and the Iberian peninsula, circa 418 Gold coin (411–450 AD) from the Kingdom of the Suebi in the Iberian peninsula From 407 to 409 AD, an alliance of Germanic Vandals, Iranian Alans and Germanic Suebi crossed the frozen Rhine and swept across modern France and into the Iberian peninsula. For their part, the Visigoths under Alaric infamously sacked Rome in 410, capturing Galla Placidia, the sister of Western Roman emperor Honorius. Ataulf (King of the Visigoths from 410 to 415) spent the next few years operating in the Gallic and Hispanic countrysides, diplomatically playing competing factions of Germanic and Roman commanders against one another to skillful effect, and taking over cities such as Narbonne and Toulouse (in 413). After he married Placidia, the Emperor Honorius enlisted him to provide Visigothic assistance in regaining nominal Roman control of Hispania from the Vandals, Alans and Suebi. In 418, Honorius rewarded his Visigothic federates under King Wallia (reigned 415–418) by giving them land in the Garonne valley of Gallia Aquitania on which to settle.
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The tribe is mentioned in a single verse of an Arabic poem from that era which has them based in Rusafa (Sergiopolis), a trading post between Syrian Palmyra and Mesopotamian Sura that also contained a shrine dedicated to St. Sergius; the latter was venerated by the Arab Christian federate tribes.Shahid 2002, pp. 118–119. The verse, recorded in the Al-Mufaddaliyyat, read: “And as for Bahra', they are a group whose place we know. They have a path around al-Rusafa that is clear.”Shahid 2002, p. 116. It is not known when the Bahra' converted to Christianity but it was most likely when they entered Byzantium’s service and allied with the Christian Ghassanid leaders of the federates in the late 6th century. Their prior paganism is noted in a pre-Islamic poem in which they mocked the “Christian swords” of the Christian Taghlib tribe. According to historian Clifford Edmund Bosworth, they converted in circa 580, after the Tanukh and Taghlib, the Bahra's tribal neighbors in the middle Euphrates.
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Europe at the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD The Visigothic Kingdom was a Western European power in the 5th to 7th centuries, created in Gaul when the Romans lost their control of the western half of their empire. For a brief period, the Visigoths controlled the strongest kingdom in Western Europe. In response to the invasion of Roman Hispania of 409 by the Vandals, Alans and Suebi, Honorius, the emperor in the West, enlisted the aid of the Visigoths to regain control of the territory. From 408 to 410 the Visigoths caused so much damage to Rome and the immediate periphery that nearly a decade later, the provinces in and around the city were only able to contribute one-seventh of their previous tax shares. In 418, Honorius rewarded his Visigothic federates by giving them land in Gallia Aquitania on which to settle after they had attacked the four tribes – Sueves, Asding and Siling Vandala and Alans – who had crossed the Rhine near Mainz the last day of 409 and eventually were invited into Spain by a Roman usurper in the Fall of 409 (the latter two tribes were devastated).
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The FFW federates its local trade unions into industry groupings called trade federations as follows: \- Trade Federation 1: Food, Agriculture and Beverage \- Trade Federation 2: Textile, Garments and Plastics \- Trade Federation 3: Chemicals, Petrochems, Pharmaceuticals \- Trade Federation 4: Metals, Semiconductors \- Trade Federation 5: Wood, Pulp and Paper and Forestry Products \- Trade Federation 6: Commercial, Financial Services \- Trade Federation 7: Communication, Transportation and Port Services \- Trade Federation 8: Other Services such as education, health, etc. As a trade union-social movement, one of its main strategies to deter the ill effects of globalization, it has also established sectoral federations to cater to the interest of all types of workers. These sectoral organizations are: \- FFW Women’s Network for women workers and community women \- Young Free Workers for the Youth, the umbrella organization of youth groups which include the Youth Organizations Against Child Labor (YO! Child) \- National Employment and Enterprise Development Association for informal workers \- Farmers \- Cooperatives Advocacies for decent work The FFW is a member of wide-ranging networks, both at the local and international levels, in furtherance of its advocacies for decent work and the implementation of core labor standards.
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