SpaceX hasn't been able to catch any of its fairings yet, and it won't be catching any fairings this time, either.
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The primary reason SpaceX wants to recover these fairings is financial: It can shave another $6 million or so off the cost of its launches by re-using previously flown fairings.
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Today, SpaceX had planned to catch both fairings using the ships Mr. Tree and Ms. Chief, which would have attempted to snag the fairings in giant nets about 45 minutes after launch.
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And we'd like to fly Starlink missions exclusively with resued fairings.
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SpaceX's rocket fairings costs about $6 million, CEO Elon Musk has said.
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Being able to recover fairings is another step toward cheaper, multi-use rockets.
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Reusing the fairings on future launches is key to SpaceX's cost saving goals.
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Fairings represent about 10% of the cost of a rocket, the company has said.
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On Sunday workers had looked at the inlet, exhaust, cowlings, and fairings, Southwest said.
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After all, fairings are expensive: A SpaceX fairing runs about $6 million, according to CNBC.
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After SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets reach space, the fairings break in half and fall to Earth.
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The company plans to catch the parachuting fairings in a large net attached to a ship.
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They're working now on getting the payloads, getting the fairings, getting other parts, that's a big help.
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This is a big deal for SpaceX because it likely makes reusing the fairings much more feasible.
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It was delayed from an initial date of February 18 to check upgraded fairings on the vehicle.
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SpaceX has been on a quest to catch its fairings for the last year and a half.
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Southwest said in an email that on Sunday workers had looked at the inlet, exhaust, cowlings, and fairings.
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The styling is aerodynamic, including fairings over the front wheels, which project out from the chassis for stability.
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If you can rescue the fairings instead of just throwing them away, that can be some big money savings.
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SpaceX even made the net bigger on the Ms. Tree to make it easier for the boat to catch fairings.
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Now that SpaceX can land its first stage boosters, it has turned its attention to recovering fairings in similar manner.
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Now, the company seems poised to start regularly catching fairings with the same frequency at which it lands its rockets.
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Rocket fairings, which shield satellites during launch but detach after reaching space, are typically left to plummet into a watery grave.
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With a Falcon 9 rocket coming with a price tag starting at $62 million, that means fairings cost about $6 million.
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Right now, even the Falcon-class rockets that SpaceX builds, despite having reusable fairings and 16-story boosters, are not fully reusable.
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We turned again to the handheld radio, an intense circle focused on disembodied voices reporting maximum thrust, transonic speeds, stage separation, jettisoned fairings.
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Now, SpaceX has two vessels — named Ms. Tree and Ms. Chief — which will work in tandem to catch both fairings after today's mission.
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Saving another $6 million by being able to consistently recapture and re-fly fairings would be a significantly positive bump for the bottom line.
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SpaceX's high-speed recovery boat Mr. Steven took to the seas this time around with a larger net in the hopes of recovering the fairings.
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SpaceX has been trying to catch its rockets' fairings for months now, but it hasn't been able to snag one out of the sky yet.
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After the second launch, Musk said in a tweet that SpaceX is getting closer to recovering the rocket fairings for further re-use as well.
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But up until now, none of SpaceX's fairings have been able to stick the target, though the company has been able to recover many from the ocean.
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A side effect of this was that the wheel fairings on the old front wing would often come loose or even get knocked all the way off.
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Even though this is the first time the boat caught a fairing half, SpaceX has been able to fish the fairings out of the water on close misses.
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Another potential first will be a successful catch of the capsule's two half-shell fairings in a large net propped up by a marine vessel named Mr. Steven.
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The Earth is quite literally enveloped in a cloud of cosmic flotsam that ranges from naturally occurring particles of space dust to the jettisoned fairings from rocket launches past.
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In the first two seasons, Formula E cars had rather typical-looking front bodywork, with one wing close to the ground and aerodynamic fairings in front of each wheel.
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Unlike the fairings used on previous Falcon 9 launches, the one used today has a guidance system and thrusters to help guide it to the boat on the ocean.
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Fairings represent about 10 percent of the cost of a rocket, the company has said, with each Falcon 9 launch coming with a price tag starting at $62 million.
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If it can reduce or eliminate that by reusing fairings as often as possible, that's a big savings and a key ingredient towards SpaceX's broader goals of efficient, reusable rockets.
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Meanwhile, the company is also making moves to save the rocket fairings (the nose cones) that surround the payloads at the top of the rocket, which easily cost millions of dollars.
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SpaceX recently retrofitted a boat with massive metal arms with the intent of catching the fairings before they splash down in the ocean — "like a catcher's mitt," Musk said this week.
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Aerodynamic fairings outside the elevator will reduce the noise of air rushing past, while air pressure will be adjusted progressively during the ride, supposedly to help mitigate that clogged ear feeling.
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There's another reason SpaceX wants to catch these fairings and recover them in good order: Doing so could potentially prove out the viability of a similary recover system for Crew Dragon.
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SpaceX has caught three fairings successfully so far, so there's still a ways to go before it can do so as reliably as it now recovers Falcon 9 first-stage boosters.
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SpaceX is in the process of testing a similar system to recover the fairings (large protective covers) it uses to enclose cargo during its existing Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches.
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So far Mr. Steven has been unsuccessful in its attempts to snag the fairings, but SpaceX gathers data from each attempt, and will ideally make a successful catch in the near future.
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No word on whether SpaceX caught or attempted to catch the fairings that covered the payload during launch — we may hear about this later, depending on whether it's a success or not.
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Mr. Steven, which has been based on the West Coast, will soon make the journey to the East Coast where it will attempt to catch the falling fairings of SpaceX's Florida-based missions.
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Following the launch, SpaceX will attempt to recover the Falcon 9 rocket and nose cone by landing the rocket on a drone ship and using parachutes to slow down fairings before they hit the Atlantic.
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The company has been working to catch the fairing halves in a net strung above the decks of two boats, using parachutes and onboard guidance systems to slowly fly the fairings back into the nets.
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To that end, SpaceX is also attempting to recover and reuse the payload fairings—the protective nose cone that shields the rocket's cargo as it travels through the atmosphere—with the help of a new West Coast based recovery vehicle dubbed Mr. Steven.
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As a side note, it's interesting to watch the relationship between payload weight and booster requirements within the store; the only option that could suit the maximum weight ended up being five solid booster rockets, each with short five-meter-long fairings.
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The robotic version of Dream Chaser features foldable wings so the spaceship can fit inside standard 5-meter payload fairings, used by United Launch Alliance's Atlas 1003 rocket, the baseline vehicle for the cargo resupply missions, as well as Arianespace's Ariane booster.
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The attempt to catch the fairings was not successful — SpaceX said on Twitter that both halves missed the waiting boats "narrowly," but added that recovery teams will still seek to pull them from the ocean and see about re-using them on future missions.
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It has attempted 12 catches so far, and has also recovered fairings by retrieving them intact from the ocean after a water landing, although that process is more difficult and costly, so it's really hoping to improve the success rate of the net-based catches.
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See, the GO Searcher isn't just a giant mitt like the boats that are intended to catch falling fairings; they not only have to collect a large, heavy capsule from the surface of the water but accommodate (and potentially administer medical aid to) anyone on board.
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Getting it up there took five space agencies representing 26 different countries, each chipping in billions of dollars to fund thousands of rumple-clothed engineers who pulled countless all-nighters to design and build the component parts, load them into payload fairings, and launch them into low Earth orbit.
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CEO Elon Musk has said that the company is basically throwing away $6 million every time it loses one of these fairings to a hard ocean landing, and so SpaceX has been working on a way to recover the parts – just like it recovers boosters via controlled descent.
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Photo: NASANASA has found its loss of two 92-foot Taurus rockets—as well as the climate-monitoring satellites they were carrying—in 2009 and 193 was due to a supplier that falsified test data about frangible joints that were supposed to split and release the rockets' fairings, according to Quartz.
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But the reality is that this is a company moving rapidly in a lot of different directions—building the world's largest operational rocket (Falcon Heavy), perfecting first stage reuse, launching more rockets than any other company, trying to recover payload fairings, and building an unprecedented, next-generation vehicle called Starship.
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The hollow carbon wings are 24 meters tall and have an area of 101 square meters * Key differences include the structure of the wing, "fairings", which improve aerodynamics and limit drag, the size and shape of the curved foil blades and the hydraulic systems * The boats are sailed by a crew of six and steered with high-tech steering wheels.
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Part of the collection of china fairings held by Tudor House and Garden in Southampton Authors generally classify fairings into seven categories based on their general value and rarity. Category A contains the most common fairings, and the categories go up through B, C, D, E, F and finally X for the rarest and most valuable fairings. Books on fairings sometimes assign price ranges to these categories, but these are relied on less and less as time goes by. After all, when fairings are traded the price agreed upon depends on how keenly each party wants the trade.
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A tailsock using lycra fabric and small aluminium tubes adds very little weight. Front and rear fairings have been shown to be beneficial for long wheelbase bikes, but front fairings are less beneficial for short wheelbase bikes. Front fairings and bodysocks have the advantage of blocking wind and rain on cool days, and a bodysock can help block the sun on bright days.
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The fairings are equipped with a steerable parachute and fall towards a ship equipped with a big net. Intact fairings could be recovered from the ocean starting in 2017, with landings in the net from 2019 on.
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A third record comes from a successful splashdown of the payload fairings.
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The engine installation includes a large pointed spinner and long, bulbous cylinder head/exhaust fairings.
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Norris, Guy and Jens Flottau. "Life extension", Aviation Week & Space Technology, July 7, 2014, pp. 21-2. Other improvements include revised fairings next to the tail and wing-to-body-fairings. The chevrons on the trailing edge of the GEnx-2B nacelle were made thinner.
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To further increase range the fuel tank's capacity was increased from 15 liters to 18.5 liters. The front brakes were updated from axial mounted brake calipers to radial mounted brake calipers. Along mechanical updates the 2007 model received an updated dashboard, headlight, headlight fairings, tank fairings and tank shape.
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Some riders fit their bikes with aerodynamic devices called fairings. These can reduce aerodynamic drag and help keep the rider warmer and drier in cold and wet weather. Fairings are also available for upright bikes, but are much less common. Fully enclosed bikes and trikes are considered velomobiles.
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Early streamlining was often unsuccessful resulting in instability. Handlebar fairings, such as those on Harley-Davidson Tourers, sometimes upset the balance of a motorcycle, inducing wobble. Originally the fairings were cowlings put around the front of the bike, increasing its frontal area. Gradually they became an integral part of the design.
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Minor differences include the removal of the "T509" decal on the rear quarter panel and the addition of a header cross-over pipe. Small fairings referred to as "Bikini Fairings" were popular on these bikes, as well as other aftermarket accessories that wouldn't normally be of use to a fully faired sport bike.
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Its 2004 model had carbon fiber fairings. The 749 was replaced by the Ducati 848 for the 2008 model year.
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" Boeing. Retrieved: 15 July 2011. In order to give the Growler more stable flight for the electronic warfare mission, Boeing changed the leading edge fairings and wing fold hinge fairings, and added wing fences and aileron "tripper strips".Croft, John. "EA-18G “Growler”: New platform and capabilities set to un-level the SEAD playing field.
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"Fairings" was originally the common name for edible souvenirs sold at fairs around England. Although at Bartholomew Fair in Smithfield, fairings of gingerbread were sold from 1126 to 1800, fairings would vary throughout the country — in the northern counties a traditional fairing would be decorated "paste eggs" at Easter. The Cornish version included the spiced ginger biscuit which became famous in Victorian times. The complete fairing from Cornwall would include the ginger biscuit, along with almond and caraway comfits (colloquially "lambs' tails" - actually sugar-coated almonds and caraway seeds), crystallised angelica and macaroons.
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Modern fairings increase the frontal area at most by 5% compared to a naked machine. Fairings may carry headlights, instruments, and other items. If the fairing is mounted on the frame, placing other equipment on the fairing reduces the weight and rotational inertia of the steering assembly, improving the handling. The BMW R100RS, produced from 1976 to 1984, was the first mass- market sport touring motorcycle to be offered with a full fairing as standard, and marked the beginning of wider adoption of fairings on sports and touring types of motorcycles.
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Suzuki SV650s with OEM half-fairing & rear-fairing, plus aftermarket bellypan Half fairings usually feature a windscreen and extend below the handlebars, possibly as far down as the sides of the cylinder block, but generally do not cover the sides of the crankcase or gearbox. Aftermarket kits – 'lowers' – are available to extend some half fairings into full fairings. Due to the popularity of these kits, some motorcycle manufacturers have started to supply their own full fairing conversion kits and even offer their half faired models new with a full factory-fitted kit.
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The categories are still retained as a convenient way of classifying fairings but are no longer relied upon for setting prices.
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The payload capacity increase was mainly due to battery advancements. The increased payload capacity allows offset of mass added by recovery technology. In addition, more payload mass could be flown on interplanetary missions and others when Electron is expended. Rocket Lab also announced expanded fairings with a diameter, larger than the standard long and in diameter fairings.
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The high windscreen and handlebar width of a touring fairing protect the upright rider from the worst of this, and the windscreen is functional. Full fairings can also provide protection to the engine and chassis in the event of a crash where the fairings, rather than the engine covers and/or frame, slide on the road.
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Many people brought picnics which they ate in the centre of the carriageway. At that time, the construction specifications had included cosmetic fairings to the tops of the support piers. These completely enclosed the roller bearings upon which the elevated roadway sits. However, the first time these bearings were serviced, the fairings were removed and never replaced.
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The undercarriage was fixed and conventional with mainwhels on oleo struts, enclosed in aerofoil section trouser fairings, and a skid under the tail.
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Small fairings had been mounted on two of the show models at the US dealer show in Las Vegas. These Honda-designed fairings were to be manufactured in the US by the Vetter Fairing Company and sold as Hondaline accessories; but they never went into production after the molds were accidentally destroyed. Consequently, the Gold Wing was born into the world naked, lacking saddlebags and having no place for luggage, without even a windshield. This created a golden opportunity for accessory manufacturers, who quickly offered a range of fairings and luggage accessories, particularly the Craig Vetter Windjammer series.
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Payload fairings have usually been either burned up in the atmosphere or destroyed upon impacting the ocean, but one company began to retrieve them after the mid-2010s. On March 30, 2017, SpaceX successfully retrieved a fairing intact for the first time in history. For a second time on June 25, 2019, SpaceX was able to catch a fairing from the Falcon Heavy STP-2 launch. After this, SpaceX began reusing its fairings, which are manufactured at a cost of per orbital launch; its CEO, Elon Musk, stated that retrieving the fairings before they touch sea water "makes refurbishment easier".
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By this time, SpaceX was also regularly reflying recovered fairings on launches, usually on their own flights where Starlink satellites are the primary or only payload. however, successful net landings were not yet routine, with less than half of the fairings of the previous three months being caught in the nets, but most still recovered anyway after a soft landing in the ocean.
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The engine cover, canopy, engine exhaust shroud, wing-root fairings, and wheel-well fairings were constructed of fiberglass. The YO-3 has retractable tailwheel-type landing gear. The YO-3A was powered by an air-cooled, six-cylinder, horizontally opposed, fuel-injected, Continental Model No. IO-360D engine. The engine is coupled to a slow-turning propeller through a belt pulley-drive system.
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The Sesquiwing featured a quick change motor mount to accommodate a Curtiss C-6 or Curtiss OX-5 engine, and wheel fairings for speed.
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The wheels were enclosed in fairings, and there was a castering tail wheel. Steering on the ground was controlled through hand-operated differential brakes.
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Dallas Spirit was a high- wing monoplane with conventional landing gear. The dual wingstruts featured large airfoil shaped fairings. It was painted green and silver.
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There was a small fin with a curved-topped, straight-edged balanced rudder which extended down to the keel between the elevators. It had conventional, split axle, fixed landing gear with a track. The axles and drag struts were hinged from the same pylon used by the lower wing bracing wires. Struts joined the wheels, enclosed in fairings, to shock absorbers within the wing root aircraft fairings.
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SpaceX payload fairing before the launch of thumb During the first six decades of spaceflight, payload fairings were expended by atmospheric reentry and allowed to drop into the ocean as debris/flotsam. In 2018, SpaceX began flight test experiments with fairings descending from sub-orbital trajectories above the atmosphere on its Falcon 9 rockets. As a part of the SES-10 mission in March 2017, SpaceX successfully performed a controlled landing of the payload fairing into the ocean for the first time. SpaceX was able to recover the fairing half from the water after it landed, aided by attitude-control thrusters and a steerable parachute, gently on water. At the SES-10 news conference, the company announced its intent to land the fairings on a dry flexible structure, jokingly described by Elon Musk as a "floating bouncy castle", with the goal of reusing the fairings.
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The WB-1 was a high-winged monoplane with conventional landing gear and all-wood construction. The landing gear fairings were constructed to extend into wheel pants.
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In addition to the Gyron engine of earlier proposals, the proposed fighter was to be equipped with a pair of de Havilland Spectre rocket engines that were mounted in fairings on the rear fuselage.Wood 1975, p. 83. The high-test peroxide (HTP) fuel for the rocket engines was stored in tanks held in underwing fairings and within the wing's leading edge, separate from the turbojet engine's fuel storage.
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Its all wood wings were built with multicellular construction around two parallel spars and the surfaces sanded and lacquered to reduce friction drag. In plan the wings were straight tapered, mostly on the trailing edge, with oblique tips. The ailerons were near triangular, reaching to the wing tips; there were no flaps. Aluminium fairings blended the wing roots into the fuselage; similar fairings were used at the elevator roots.
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Vetter designed wind-cheating fairings co- ordinated with hard luggage in complementary colors. These were later produced with factory decals and fitted before delivery as a factory option.
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It has flown both with and without wheel and leg fairings. The tailwheel is steerable. The Speedtwin has flown at three Farnborough Airshows, in 1994, 1996 and 2012.
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R60/2 with Avon full fairing and Craven top case The Madison (WI) BMW club in 1970, with many Wixom fairings Safety bar installed on a 1967 BMW R60/2 BMW motorcycles of the 1960s were noted as long-distance touring motorcycles. However, none came standard with fairings or luggage; these items were provided by aftermarket vendors. Fairings included the Wixom Ranger handlebar-mounted fairing made in Illinois, and Avon. There were numerous manufacturers of saddle bags and top cases for BMW twins in the 1960s including Wixom, British-made Craven, and leather saddlebags imported by Butler and Smith, who also offered several styles of luggage carriers for mounting behinds the passenger saddle.
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Conta & Böhme matchholder and striker, around 1900 A china fairing is a small porcelain ornament, often incorporating figures, ranging from about three inches (7.5 cm) to about five inches (12.5 cm) in height, and depicting a variety of scenes, humorous, political or domestic. The ornament almost always incorporates a base and many fairings have a caption describing the scene or making some point inscribed on that base. Although the majority of fairings are simply decorative, they were occasionally made in the form of pinboxes, matchstrikers or holders for watches or small mirrors. Some fairings were made in pairs, for example, "Grandpapa - Grandma", two separate statuettes of a small boy and girl, each dressed in adults' clothing.
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Taylor, p.38. the car had bicycle front wheels and dropped front axle, a very pointed nose, and an engine cover with broad, wedge-like fairings over the exhaust pipes, ahead of the rear tires; the fairings sloped steeply from track level to the top of the tires.Taylor, p.38. In theory, the wedge body offered an aerodynamic advantage, decreasing turbulent airflow over the rear wheels, as well as increasing downforce;Taylor, p.
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As with any antique, the value of a fairing depends on its condition - they are particularly delicate and damage of any sort can seriously reduce their value - and, in the case of fairings that are paired, whether they are offered singly or with their partners. Most fairings were manufactured in Germany by Conta and Boehme. This company developed a mass production method that no other company could match, thereby achieving an advantage over other firms.
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Its mainwheels were on faired, cranked axles hinged from the central fuselage underside, braced by drag struts hinged further aft; these members were enclosed in balsa and fabric airfoil fairings. Short, vertical oleo legs were attached to the bottom of the outer engine mountings. The wheels had independent Bendix brakes and were almost entirely enclosed in large dural tube, fabric covered fairings. A small tailwheel was mounted on a rubber- sprung pylon.
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Empty weight was only more, as the wheel fairings had been removed. Overall weight was 2,300 kg. Top speed was 430 km/h at 5,300 meters, only 8 km/h less.
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On top and below the wing it consists of small rounded edge to reduce the surface and such friction drag. At the leading and trailing edge it consists of much larger taper and smooths out the pressure differences: High pressure at the leading and trailing edge, low pressure on top of the wing and around the fuselage. The flap tracks canoe fairings on a Boeing 747 ; Wing tips : Wing tips are often formed as complex shapes to reduce vortex generation and so also drag, especially at low speed. ; Wheels on fixed gear aircraft : Wheel fairings are often called "wheel pants", "speed fairings" in North America or "wheel spats" or "trousers", in the United Kingdom, the latter enclosing both the wheel and landing gear leg.
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In June 2019, following the third Falcon Heavy launch, the first successful fairing catch was made. Images posted to Twitter hours after launch showed one half of the fairing nestled in the net of the recovery vessel GO Ms. Tree. By late 2020, payload fairings were being regularly recovered by SpaceX, with SpaceX dispatching two custom-modified recovery ships—Ms. Tree and Ms. Chief—to collect the fairings on most launches from their Florida launch site.
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The standard engine is the Rotax 582. Optional equipment includes agricultural spray gear, strut fairings and tundra tires. First flown in 1990, 78 were reported flying in 2004. Also marketed as the T-Bird Cargo. ;Golden Circle Air T-Bird Tandem TBT06 :Two seats in tandem configuration. The standard engine is the Rotax 582. Optional equipment includes agricultural spray gear, strut fairings and tundra tires. First flew in 1992 and there were 21 reported flying in 1998.
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Oerlikon Space supplies the payload fairings for the Ariane 5 launcher. Switzerland Space Agency, the Swiss Space Office, has been involved in various space technologies and programs. In addition it was one of the 10 founders of the European Space Agency in 1975 and is the seventh largest contributor to the ESA budget. In the private sector, several companies are implicated in the space industry such as RUAG Space (payload fairings) or Maxon Motors (mars rovers).
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The airframe is mainly stretched, machined and chemically milled aluminium, with CFRP for moving parts, GFRP for fairings and sidewalls, kevlar for leading edges and Nomex honeycomb-CFRP/GFRP sandwiches for floors.
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Later, the cab corner vents were also updated. The interior received minor revisions as well, and chassis fairings were improved for greater fuel efficiency. This model was marketed as the Argosy Evolution.
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Damage such as cracked housings, torn or dislodged mouthpieces, damaged exhaust fairings, can cause gas flow problems or leaks, or can make the regulator uncomfortable to use or difficult to breathe from.
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The boat was shipwrecked during the second leg of the race. He managed Team New Zealand's fairings program in the 2013 America's Cup and their wing programme in the 2017 America's Cup.
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Small outrigger struts retracted aft into underwing fairings set at mid-span. On the ground the Yak-1000 had a pronounced nose-high attitude, and the single nosewheel was steerable.Gordon, et al., pp.
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Vesco also designed aftermarket motorcycle accessories including extended range gas tanks for offroad motorcycles sold through Don Vesco Products, which also had a line of motorcycle fairings called "Rabid Transit" designed by Guzzetta.
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The FAS is mounted at the rear of the intake fairings. The design of the FAS is complicated by the linkages required between the actuator in the fairing and the body-mounted fins.
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Atlas V payload fairings are available in two diameters, depending on satellite requirements. The diameter fairing, originally designed for the Atlas II booster, comes in three different lengths: the original version and extended versions, first flown respectively on the AV-008/Astra 1KR and AV-004/Inmarsat-4 F1 missions. Fairings of up to diameter and length have been considered but were never implemented. A diameter fairing, with an internally usable diameter of , was developed and built by RUAG Space in Switzerland.
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The aircraft was composed almost entirely of wood, the limited use of metal being confined to high-stress components, such as the engine bearers and undercarriage, and to complex curved fairings such as the engine cowlings and wing root fairings. The sheet metal parts comprised a lightweight magnesium-aluminium alloy. Manually-actuated split flaps were fitted beneath the wing's inboard rear sections and lower fuselage, while the Frise ailerons were mass-balanced by lead strips within the aileron's leading edges.NACA 1935, p. 4.
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China fairings are so named because they were given away as prizes at fairs in the Victorian era, in much the same way that we would win a coconut at a fair today, although some were manufactured simply for sale. They first started appearing in the middle of the nineteenth century and remained popular until the start of the First World War. Genuine fairings are now keenly sought by serious collectors. In the United Kingdom they can range in price from a few pounds for the more common ones (such as "Last in bed to put out the light") to several hundred pounds for the rarer ones, the most keenly sought being the five fairings the Vienna series (uncaptioned, but characterised by a gold band around the base).
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For example, many participants place the handlebars in the upper position for better control, change the front and/or rear sprockets to improve acceleration, change the exhaust system, and eliminate fairings to reduce weight.
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E stands for "export". ;Tu-142MZ: The last production variant of the "Bear F", with new NK-12MP engines and a new avionics suite. Can be distinguished from other Tu-142s by its chin fairings.
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The Robin, a workmanlike cabin monoplane, had a wooden wing and steel tubing fuselage. The cabin accommodated three persons; two passengers were seated side-by-side behind the pilot. Early Robins were distinguished by large flat fairings over the parallel diagonal wing bracing struts; the fairings were abandoned on later versions, having been found to be ineffective in creating lift. The original landing gear had bungee rubber cord shock absorbers, later replaced by an oleo-pneumatic system; a number of Robins had twin floats added.
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Craig Vetter posing with his 1981 streamliner at AMA Motorcycle Museum in Pickerington, OH, in July 2016 Craig Vetter (born July 28, 1942 in Selma, Alabama) is an American entrepreneur and motorcycle designer. His work was acknowledged when in 1999 he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame. His Vetter Fairing Company created aftermarket motorcycle fairings in the 1970s before manufacturers themselves included fairings on their products. The product has been cited as once being so ubiquitous that the term "Windjammer" was interchangeable with "fairing".
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In October 2018, at least two fairing recovery tests were performed, involving Mr. Steven and a helicopter, which would drop a fairing half from the height of about 3300 meters. The actual outcome of the tests is unclear. In April 2019, during the second Falcon Heavy mission, recovery boat Go Searcher fished the fairing halves out of the sea and it was announced the fairings would be used on a Starlink mission. These fairings were reused in a Starlink mission on 11 November 2019.
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The inlet and the nozzle in combination lead to an isotropic speed reduction around the cooling fins and due to the speed-squared law to a reduction in cooling drag. ; Fin and rudder tip fairings: Fin and rudder tip fairings reduce drag at low angles of attack, but also reduce the stall angle, so the fairing of control surface tips depends on the application.Molland, Anthony F. and Turnock, Stephen R.:"Marine Rudders and Control Surfaces: Principles, Data, Design and Applications" 1st Edition, section 5.3.2.11. Butterworth- Heineman, 2007.
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The company is one of five major Japanese companies contracted to build parts for Boeing's 777X aircraft, specifically the fairings that connect the wings to the fuselage. ShinMaywa also produces wing spars for the Boeing 787.
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Combined assembly of PSLV fourth stage, payload fairings and enclosed IRNSS-1H spacecraft within it weighed between 2675 to 3480 kg and re-entered Earth's atmosphere around 19:23 UTC on 2 March 2019 over Vanuatu.
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The aircraft had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with a track. Messier oleo strut landing legs were mounted on the wing spar. Legs, mainwheels and the steerable tailwheel, also on an oleo strut, were enclosed in fairings.
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The RS125 was revised again in 1999 with more rounded and bulbous fairings, five spoke rims and a single air duct on the driver's right hand side. The lip on the headlight unit is increased in size.
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42 Basic structure of the Sportsman is wood, with a low-wing cantilever monoplane configuration. The surface is covered with fibreglass. A fixed nosewheel undercarriage with wheel fairings is used. The cabin employs a large bubble canopy.
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Gunston and Gordon 2005, p. 10. The AIR-7 was repaired after the accident, fitted with strengthened aileron hinges and modified undercarriage fairings. So modified, it set a new national speed record of on 25 September 1933.
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The mounting struts were tubes of chrome molybdenum steel, enclosed in alloy fairings for corrosion protection. They placed the engine forward of the wing leading edge and the two blade propeller well forward of the pilot's windscreen.
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The fuselage halves came with Nomex honeycomb cores and a special film adhesive to bond the halves together. The main wing spars supplied used S-glass roving spar caps that had been molded in metal molds. The kits also included many molded parts, including the seat pan, canopy pre-mounted in its frame, turtledeck, fuselage bulkheads, wing root fairings, wheel fairings, wingtips and the foam cores used in the wings and the canard. The initial engine was the Zenoah G-25, but this was changed to a Robin engine and then later the Cuyuna 215.
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The leading edge was almost unswept and the tips rounded. The wing had positive dihedral outboard of the engines. The trailing edges carried short span, tabbed ailerons and split flaps which reached past the lower engine fairings to the wing roots. The twin engines were mounted forward of the leading edge with the propeller shaft in the wing plane; the mainwheels of the conventional undercarriage retracted backwards into the extended underwing engine fairings. The FC.20 had a twin tail, with elliptically shaped endplate vertical surfaces almost equally divided vertically between fin and rudder.
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During the 1800s, the biscuits became a treat that young men from the middle or lower classes would buy as a treat for their sweetheart. Previously, the spices required to create the biscuits were exclusive to the wealthy classes, who used them to make cakes. A number of manufacturers started making ginger biscuits called "fairings" all over England. One example of this was in Grasmere, where the gingerbread sold as fairings was so popular that William Wordsworth's sister Dorothy wrote in one of her journals that she and her brother both craved them.
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410 The Z.1012 was powered by three inverted air-cooled inline engines, one mounted in the nose and the other two in long fairings on the wings. There were two engine options, either the 90 kW (120 hp) Alfa-Romeo 110, a four-cylinder unit, or its six-cylinder relative, the 138 kW (185 hp) Alfa-Romeo 115. The more powerful engines raised the top speed by 48 km/h (30 mph) . The main undercarriage units retracted into the engine fairings but the tail wheel was fixed.
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Navy Department. Bureau of Aeronautics, 1955. p. 4-15 The cowlings and the fairings are similar, as both streamline airflow, except that cowlings are usually removable (to permit engine inspections and repairs), whereas fairings are bolted in place. Aviation Machinist's Mates' Manual. Navy Department. Bureau of Aeronautics, 1955. p. 4-15 Engine-facing sides of the cowling must be made of metal. Aviation Machinist's Mates' Manual. Navy Department. Bureau of Aeronautics, 1955. p. 4-15 On jets, they are used as an air intake for jet engines. Cowlings may also be used for decorative purposes.
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In addition, there is a large window in the forward cockpit floor. There is a fixed, conventional undercarriage, with the mainwheels under glass fibre fairings on cantilever sprung steel legs. Hydraulic disc brakes are fitted. The tailwheel is steerable.
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The A 210 has a fixed tricycle undercarriage. Its mainwheels are fitted with hydraulic brakes and mounted on spring steel legs from the fuselage. The nosewheel has rubber suspension and is steerable; speed fairings are fitted on all wheels.
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Its rectangular plan, all-moving elevator has a central trim tab. The Gull has tricyle gear with its mainwheels on arched, cantilever carbon fibre, faired legs. The nose leg is similarly faired. All three wheels are semi-enclosed in fairings.
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Each mainwheel was mounted on a steel tube leg hinged on the lower fuselage longeron. Together with an oleo strut, each leg was enclosed in a fairing; the wheels also had fairings and were fitted with brakes. The tailskid was steerable.
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The Kometa-Standard had a 110° butterfly tail, its plywood and fabric covered surfaces terminating, like the wings, in little salmon fairings. Its undercarriage was a fixed monowheel, fitted with a brake and assisted by a forward, rubber sprung skid.
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La Mouette had a steel tube tailskid undercarriage with a track of . The mainwheels, enclosed by fairings were on a split axle from the fuselage centre, joined through rubber shock absorbers to faired-in V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons.
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279 Only the control surfaces and the trailing edge of the wing behind the rear spar were fabric covered. The wing also carried trailing edge split flaps. The undercarriage was enclosed in trouser fairings and a cabin top could be fitted.
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In AustraliaSuzuki Australia and New Zealand,Suzuki New Zealand the Suzuki GSX650 is available in an "FU" model to comply with the LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) requirements. This is achieved by shipping a modified ECM (Engine Control Module) that has most of the upper band of available engine revs mapped to lower power output. The model typically is identifiable by the graphic on the fairings blending less abruptly than the F counterpart, i.e.; the blue and white default colour scheme are feathered together to give seamlessness whereas the F model fairings are deliberately sharp lines achieving a sportier look.
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In the United Kingdom, later models of the Handley Page Victor, a strategic bomber operated by the Royal Air Force, was also furnished with the feature, which was sometimes referred to as "speed pods". However, modern jet aircraft harness supercritical airfoils, which decrease wave drag significantly. Further optimization can be achieved through careful design of wing body fairings, engine nacelles, flap track fairings, and wingtip fuel tanks. Due to the prevalence of supercritical airfoils, other design features with the sole purpose of minimising wave drag (such as the anti-shock bodies on the Convair 990) are rare in modern aircraft.
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While developments had been made in this fallow period by Paul Rinkowski and others, the modern recumbent movement was given a boost in 1969 when the Ground Hugger by Robert Riley was featured in Popular Mechanics. There was also the work of Chester Kyle and particularly David Gordon Wilson of MIT, two Americans who opposed the UCI restrictions and continued to work on fairings and recumbents. In 1974, they also nucleated the International Human Power speed Championship in Long Beach, California, from which the IHPVA grew. Kyle and his students had been experimenting with fairings for upright bicycles, also banned by the UCI.
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Honda Gold Wing The most prominent of the plastic or fibreglass shells covering parts of the motorcycle is the "fairing". In practice, this may blend almost seamlessly with engine panels or wheel covers/mudguards (which in some cases will be painted or plated metal). These systems act to protect the rider from some or all of the weather, may improve aerodynamics (reducing drag), and are an important styling element. Modern fairings, mostly designed specifically for each motorcycle and fitted as original equipment by the manufacturer, have eliminated the aerodynamic and structural failings of early add-on fairings.
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A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the Skyrider Hazard 12 and Hazard 15. A fuel tank is optional. A basic version of the aircraft, powered by the Rotax 503 engine and without fairings is also offered.
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The cockpit fairing is made from fiberglass. Its span wing is supported by "V" lift struts and jury struts and features elliptical winglets. The controls are conventional and feature full-span ailerons. The landing gear has bungee suspension and optional main wheel fairings.
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There is a fixed, conventional undercarriage with main wheels fitted with mechanical brakes, enclosed in speed fairings and mounted on wire braced, faired, light-alloy legs. The tail wheel is mounted on a long, shallowly inclined leg which reaches back to the elevator trailing edge.
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Its wheels were independently mounted, with axles at the vertices of V-struts hinged to the central lower fuselage and oleo strut shock absorbers from the axles to the upper fuselage. The wheels, apart, were fitted with brakes and fairings. Its tailwheel was steerable.
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Quarter and half fairings are often paired with a belly pan below the engine for diverting air flow away from under the engine to reduce aerodynamic lift, as well as cosmetic reasons. Some track day or racing rules require belly pans to catch leaked fluids.
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Each mainwheel was mounted on a V-strut hinged on the lower fuselage frame with a single, shock absorbing oleo landing leg to the upper frame. Undercarriage legs and struts were enclosed in dural fairings. There was a steel-shod, castoring, rubber cord sprung tailskid.
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Clayton Folkerts designed the "Mono Special" while working for the Mono- Aircraft Corporation. It was later renamed the SK-1.Sport Aviation, September 1958 The aircraft was a strut-braced mid-winged conventional geared aircraft with a slender tapered tail and undersized wheels and fairings.
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PADME could launch on a Medium-lift class launch vehicle. The spacecraft would fit within all Atlas V, Delta IV, and Falcon 9 launch vehicle fairings. If selected, PADME would have been launched in August 2020 and reached Mars seven months later, by March 2021.
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Wings were of traditional construction and covered by fabric. Ailerons were of a tapered design with corrugated aluminum covering. The Pratt & Whitney R-1340 nine-cylinder radial engine was uncowled and sported prominent cooling fairings behind each cylinder which were later removed in service.
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"Sikorsky Innovations Introduces X2 Technology™ Light Tactical Helicopter Simulator" Sikorsky PR The fly-by-wire system is provided by Honeywell, the rotor by Eagle Aviation Technologies, anti-vibration technology from Moog Inc, and propeller by Aero Composites. The rotor hub can have 10-20 times the drag of the blade.Harris, Franklin D. "Rotor Performance at High Advance Ratio: Theory versus Test " page 119 NASA/CR—2008–215370, October 2008. Accessed: 13 April 2014. Sikorsky intended to test hub fairings to reduce drag by 40%, and test flew fairings on the hubs themselves but not the central hub fairing ("aero sail") in between the hubs.
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One significant aircraft was the An-24T 'Troyanda' which was built new, for the development of sonobuoy and infra-red detection systems. As well as equipment inside the cabin, sensors could be mounted in large teardrop fairings either side of the lower forward fuselage, and extra equipment could be carried in extended wing centre-section fairings. ;An-24TV (Transportnyy V – transport V) :The export cargo version of the An-24T. ;An-24USh (Uchebno-Shturmanskiy (samolyot) – Navigator training aircraft) : Seven An-24Bs were converted to An-24USh navigator/air traffic controller trainers with five training stations and four standard rows of seats for trainees in waiting.
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Each pair of the inverted V struts of the Pawnee, for example, is assisted by a pair of vertical support struts. From early times these lift struts have been streamlined, often by enclosing metal load bearing members in shaped casings. The Farman F.190, for example, had its high wings joined to the lower fuselage by parallel duralumin tubes enclosed in streamlined spruce fairings and the Westland Lysander used extruded I section beams of light alloy, onto which were screwed a fore and aft pair of duralumin fairings. Later aircraft have had streamlined struts formed directly from shaped metal, like the extruded light alloy struts of the Auster AOP.
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The Siemens trains have a stainless steel body, and were seen in a number of different liveries in their early years, owing to the changes in ownership that have occurred while the trains were entering service. The trains were originally delivered with M>Train blue and green stripes on the side, and the M>Train 'swirl' on the front fairing. Later deliveries entering service in bare metal on the sides, and white front fairings with a green and yellow striped bar. On entering Connex Melbourne ownership, blue and yellow stripes were progressively added to the side of all trains, and front fairings were repainted yellow with the blue Connex logo.
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The wing carries full span flaperons, later replaced with conventional ailerons and flaps. It has a horn- balanced rudder. The cabin seats two in side-by-side configuration. Its tricycle landing gear has cantilever spring main legs and a cantilever nose leg, with wheels in fairings.
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The cabin and cabin doors are wider than on earlier Tecnam high-wing aircraft. Its fixed tricycle undercarriage has spring cantilever main legs and a castoring, non-steerable nosewheel on a compressed rubber suspension. Ground steering is achieved by differential braking. All wheels have speed fairings.
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The bike has a tubular steel trellis frame partly visible despite the fairings. Upgraded again in 2019, they are equipped with an electric throttle that can read adjustments down to tenths of mrad. Other electronic features such as "silent charging" and heated hand grips were also added.
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The wheels were enclosed in fairings and equipped with brakes. Its tailskid, which protruded from the extreme fuselage tail, also had an oleo shock absorber. The Courier could also be flown as a floatplane after replacing the main gear with a pair of Edo single-stepped floats.
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Air Ministry 1946, pp. 8, 41–43. The Hispano Mk.II cannons were now belt fed from box magazines allowing for 120 rpg (the "Chattellerault" system). The fairings over the Hispano barrels were shorter and there was usually a short rubber stub covering the outer cannon port.
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It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage, with mainwheels spring mounted from the fuselage and a castoring nosewheel. The landing gear is fabricated from Zicral alloy bars to provide adequate suspension. Wheel fairings may be fitted.Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 47.
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The internal space housed both the main undercarriage and a total of four fuel tanks without any bulges or fairings in the wing, while four spars provided for significant structural strength. The sizable horn-balanced ailerons and inboard elevators gave the Delta 2 a high level of manoeuvrability.
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The cockpit, placed over the wing, is covered with a single piece, starboard hinged canopy. Like the Votec 351, the 321 has a conventional undercarriage. The mainwheels are mounted on curved, sprung cantilever legs and enclosed by long fairings. It has a steerable tailwheel on a long cantilever.
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The XR 400M was introduced in 2005, and whilst having a similar engine to the XR 400R, the exhaust diameter is smaller and has a slightly lower power output. It was sold as a factory motard, with road wheels and tyres, electric start, and updated faux radiator fairings.
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There were teardrop fairings on the wingtips used for compressed air that would be fed to the engine to improve the flight ceiling. Flight endurance improved from the 40 minutes of the La-17 to 60 minutes. As with the La-17, the La-17M bellied in to land.
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JF-Y10 is an unmanned helicopter developed by JFC, and it is in conventional helicopter layout with a pair of skids as landing gear. JF-Y10 is the larger cousin of the smaller JF-D10, but unlike its smaller cousin, JF-Y10 does not have any aerodynamic fuselage fairings.
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Soaring, the journal of the Soaring Society of America, described the SGM 2–37 as: "Very versatile, very promising, very expensive". The publication's review noted that the $70,000 base price did not include a feathering propeller, gyro instruments, wheel fairings, long range fuel tanks or other optional extras.
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The C.580 had conventional landing gear with a track of . Its balloon-tyred mainwheels, under large fairings, were attached by short vertical oleo struts to the wing spars. The tailskid had a case-hardened steel shoe on a rubber block fixed to a pair of welded steel shells.
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Of special note was the Mi-10R (R - recordnyy- record) record breaking helicopter, converted from a production machine, with the undercarriage of a Mi-6 fitted with fairings and spats, as well as a tail bumper to reduce the risk of damage to the rear fuselage on landing.
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Suzuki confirmed in August 2007 the Suzuki Stratosphere would enter production, although expected release date, initial model year, initial pricing, and specific list of changes from the original prototype shown in Tokyo were not released, aside from the fact that it would retain the six-cylinder narrow-bore engine. Given Suzuki's experience with the B-King, it was likely that the Stratosphere would appear, at least visually, very similar to the prototype, although the aluminum fairings were apt to be replaced by ABS fairings, and many of the specialty electronics (GPS, HUD, etc.) were unlikely to see production. According to media sources, the Stratosphere was to enter production as a 2009 model.
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Menestrels have been powered by a variety of engines, mostly variants of the Volkswagen flat-4 engine. Early versions of these were entirely air-cooled, but more recently the cylinder heads have been water- cooled. Some early Menestrels with air-cooled engines have exposed cylinder heads for cooling but more have semi-cylindrical, bulged fairings to enclose them. The water-cooled engines used in the Menestrel II have cowlings which enclose the whole engine without additional fairings, with an air intake behind the propeller. The first HN 433 Menestrel had a 22 kW (30 hp) 1.3 L engine; later HN 433s have had engines in the 22-37 kW (30-50 hp) power range.
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As a means of reducing interference drag between the wing and the fuselage, the use of fairings (often referred to as "wing fillets") became commonplace during the first half of the twentieth century; the use of wing root fairings has been credited with achieving more favourable flight characteristics at both high and low speeds. Furthermore, various other innovations and approaches have been developed to influence/control airflow in the vicinity of the wing root to achieve more favourable performance. Various calculating methods for designed an optimal wing root of an aircraft have been devised. Fatigue has been recognised as a critical life-limiting factor associated with the wing root, which will eventually lead to catastrophic failure if not monitored.
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The fixed, tailwheel undercarriage had split axles hinged to the bottom of the fuselage, with the wheels and main legs enclosed in narrow, wide chord fairings. After the successful record flight of March 1931 described below, the aircraft returned to the factory at Bourget to be modified for further record attempts. The wing area was increased by a 2 m (79 in) span extension, the wheel fairings were refined and, most noticeably, the chin radiator was removed and replaced with ones in the wing leading edges. The engine was replaced by a similar but geared down version, the Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr, driving a three blade propeller, which was later replaced by one with four blades.
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The ATR 42 has a straight wing with a wing aspect ratio, and a retractable landing gear in fairings under the fuselage, with wheel sides visible in flight. The ATR 42 is a straight high wing airliner with twin turboprops and a T-tail, certified in the transport category, and powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120s. It has deicing boots to fly in icing conditions and a retractable landing gear in fairings under the fuselage, with wheel sides visible in flight. It has no Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), but can still be autonomous in ground operations, as it has a propeller brake on the starboard engine, allowing to keep the engine running to provide power on ground.
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The RS125 Tuono was introduced in 1999 as a semi naked version of the RS125. Production ran until 2005 and was subsequently dropped from the line- up. The Tuono was essentially an RS125 with the middle and lower portions of the fairings absent and a handlebar fitted on the top yoke.
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The main wheels were on V-struts from the lower fuselage longrons, with vertical shock-absorbing landing legs joining the forward wing struts at the engine mountings. At some date between March 1928 and February 1930 the struts and legs were enclosed in aircraft fairings and the wheels semi-enclosed.
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The R.16 had large diameter wheels, independently mounted and fitted with brakes that could be use for steering, enclosed under large fairings. Each wheel was on a cranked steel half axle from the lower fuselage with a trailing recoil strut and a vertical oleo leg to the engine mounting.
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The D.14 had conventional, fixed landing gear. A pair of V-struts, splayed slightly outwards, were attached to the lower fuselage longerons and supported a rigid axle, with the mainwheels apart. The forward components of the V-struts were telescopic, with shock absorbers and coil springs inside their streamlined fairings.
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A modern racing classic-category motorcycle with a Peel-type fairing having enclosed handlebar ends The Peel Engineering Company was a manufacturing company based in Peel on the west coast of the Isle of Man that primarily made fibreglass boats through its subsidiary company West Marine Ltd. and fairings for motorcycles.
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Apart from its variable incidence tailplane, mounted at mid-height on the fuselage, the empennage was conventional, with a rounded fin and rudder. It had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with both landing legs and wheels in aircraft fairings. The SFCA Lignel 46 first flew on 13 August 1947. Two were completed.
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Standards usually do not come with fairings or windscreens, or if they have them, they are relatively small. Standard is often a synonym for naked, a term that was used in reference to 1950s road racing bikes.TT '78 A Motor Cycle News special, EMAP publication, 1978. Hailwood's homecoming, pp.57-61.
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All wheels are on cantilever spring legs and enclosed by fairings. The nosewheel leg is horizontal and the wheel casters. The Sigma can also be configured as a floatplane, the floats attached with a complex of struts. A MVEN K-600-00 ballistic recovery parachute is standard on Russian aircraft.
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In addition, armament was increased with two forward firing wz. 36 machine guns mounted in offset fairings to clear the radial engine. Up to 700 kg of bombs could be carried under the wings, like the PZL.23. A common option was 24 x 12.5 kg bombs (300 kg in total).
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The main wheels are housed in streamlined fairings. The fuselage and tail are constructed of chromoly steel welded tube, with the forward fuselage skinned in aluminum and the rear fuselage and tail covered in fabric. The wing structure is Sitka spruce wood and fabric covered. The engine cowling is fiberglass.
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Unlike the Eagle, the Cupid had a fixed undercarriage with cantilever legs that were enclosed in fairings which partly covered the wheels. Its wings folded for storage. Partly because of the fixed undercarriage, the Cupid was about 13 mph slower than the Eagle on the same power. It was fully aerobatic.
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In 1998, Cagiva added a naked equivalent to the Mito Evo, named the Planet which bears some resemblance to the Ducati Monster. The Planet, unlike the Aprilia Tuono, has been given all new fairings including a fuel tank which can hinge upwards allowing access for space to store an open face helmet.
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Kevin Schwantz makes it six poles in a row, and John Kocinski makes his 500 debut. The first turns go to Eddie Lawson, Wayne Rainey and Schwantz. Christian Sarron watches from fourth as the three ahead scrape fairings. The quartet get well clear, but wet patches begin to appear on the track.
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There were covers attached to the inner side of the forks, acting as aircraft fairings when retraction was complete. The Lignel 20 first flew on 15 April 1937. Two were built. During 1937 the second of these was re-engined with a more powerful Régnier R-161 which increased its maximum speed to .
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The main legs retracted into extensions of the engine fairings beyond the wing trailing edge. Little detail about the stabilization system is recorded. It is known that the horizontal tail surfaces were hinged to allow the dihedral to change and that such motions were coupled to lift-changing flaps. Together, these stabilized pitch.
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The cantilever, trapezoidal tailplane was mounted near mid-fuselage and bore straight-tapered elevators. The largely rounded vertical tail included an unbalanced rudder. The Model A's landing gear was fixed, with a track of . The legs were wing-mounted and enclosed in strongly-tapered, trouser type fairings, with the wheels in spats.
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The company designed and manufactures the Black Brant series of sounding and research rockets. Magellan (Bristol) now produces aircraft sub-assemblies and engine components for all the major aerospace companies. Some examples include but are not limited to: #Boeing 767 heat pan, Boeing 737 composite panels and Boeing 747 wing to Body Fairings #General Electric F101 engine thruster door #Airbus A330 & Airbus A380 aft engine plugs #De Havilland Canada DASH 8 engine nacelles, fairings, etc. #DHC Dash 8 Tailcone & APU Support #Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D, PW545, PW307, PW306 engine components #M1 Abrams AGT1500 tank engine housing #AgustaWestland EH101 lower fuselage and composite engine & transmission cowlings #F-35 Lightning II JSF Vertical Guide box for Rolls-Royce Lift Fan module and composite panels for fuselage.
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During the first phase, a general clean-up of the airframe was performed to reduce drag. New aerodynamic fairings were developed using fiberglass honeycomb sandwich for the rear fuselage, a cambered vertical stabilizer was developed which, in cruise flight, aerodynamically unloaded the tail rotor. The skid landing gear also had streamlined fairings applied to it and the rotor mast was replaced by a mast that could be tilted in-flight. Bell 533 with jet engines added The reconfigured helicopter was first tested in the NASA Ames Research Center wind tunnel, which confirmed that the modifications had significantly reduced the aircraft's drag. The 533 made its maiden flight on 10 August 1962 at Bell's Fort Worth, Texas headquarters utilizing the two-bladed UH-1B rotor.
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As well as having most of the standard Mk V features this version had several important changes over the earlier Mk V, most of which were first tested on the Mk III. These included the re-stressed and strengthened fuselage structure and the new windscreen design, which was also used on some Vb Spitfires. The Vc also introduced the Type C or "Universal" wing along with the revised main undercarriage; the tops of these wings featured large, bulged fairings to provide clearance for the ammunition feed motors of two Hispano cannon. Because two cannon were seldom fitted, these fairings were later reduced in size to more streamlined shapes."Spitfire: Simply Superb part three" 1985, pp. 184–185.Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 151.
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It is limited to the parish of Truro to provide assistance to residents in need who use coal as the primary source of heat. The company moved to a larger factory in 1988, but ran into financial difficulties during the 2000s and it was bought by Proper Cornish, a pasty manufacturer, which focused the company's production on the Cornish fairings and a couple of other lines. Cornish foods are an essential element in the county's touristic appeal, with a survey by South West tourism showing food as one of the top three reasons people visit Cornwall. During an interview where he was launching a new line of biscuits, celebrity chef Rick Stein explained that he associated fairings with his childhood.
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A full fairing is a large front- mounted fairing, and should not be confused with cabin motorcycle or streamliner motorcycle fairings which fully or partially enclose the entire motorcycle. Full fairings cover both upper and lower portions of the motorcycle, as distinct from a half fairing, which only has an upper section, and leaves the lower half of the motorcycle exposed. The fairing on a race or sport bike is meant as an aerodynamic aid, so the windscreen is rarely looked through. If the rider is sitting up at speed he will be buffeted by his rapid progress through the air and act as a parachute, slowing the bike, while if the rider lies flat on the tank behind the windscreen he generates much less aerodynamic drag.
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The 50 kg (110 lb) thrust Tsander OR-2 engines were to have been mounted either side of the central nacelle in small over-wing fairings, with large liquid-oxygen and gasoline tanks mounted forward of the engines' combustion chambers. The rocket engines were successfully bench run in , but were never installed in the aircraft.
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The visual updates to the S1000RR were also vast, with the asymmetric headlights being swapped (high beam left, low beam right), a softer nose and all new colorways. The muffler was changed to a larger can, while the fairings became more aerodynamically advanced adding vents and slips to allow for better stability at high speed.
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The wing-mounted engines and bicycle- type main landing gear (supplemented by outrigger wheels in fairings near the wingtips) were widely spaced, allowing most of the fuselage to be used for fuel and equipment. It was primarily subsonic, although Mach 1 could be exceeded at high altitude. Total production of all Yak-28s was 1,180.
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Its single-seat cockpit is covered by a two-piece, rearward sliding canopy; there is a small luggage space behind the seat. The undercarriage is of the tailwheel type with the mainwheels on spring steel cantilever legs. These wheels have hydraulic brakes and are enclosed in long glass fibre fairings. The tailwheel is steerable.
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Parafoils see wide use in a variety of windsports such as kite flying, powered parachutes, paragliding, kitesurfing, speed flying, wingsuit flying and skydiving. The world's largest kite is a parafoil-variant. Today, SpaceX uses steerable Parafoils to recover the Fairings of their Falcon 9 Rocket on two ships, GO Ms. Tree and GO Ms. Chief.
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Fluid is also thoroughly distributed from the slinger-ring on the propeller and from the windshield spraybar. Secondary fairings or structures such as lift struts can also be protected. Engine inlets may be protected, as well. The fluid is pumped from a tank by an electrically-driven metering pump through a microfilter to proportioning units.
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The Stomo 3 had a tailskid undercarriage with a track of , its vertical, bungee-damped main legs mounted on the wing centre section spar, close to the junction with the outer panels. The legs and much of the wheels were enclosed in fairings and a long, cantilever tailskid kept the rudder clear of the ground.
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The wingspan was shortened from the standard 32 ft to 23 ft, a 125 h.p. Warner Scarab was installed and fairings and wheel spats added. Maximum speed increased from 150 mph to 220 mph. Seven of the Specials were built by Monocoupe and three further aircraft were modified to a similar standard by homebuilders.
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The elevator was supported by tailplane extensions beyond the shroud, similar to that of the fin. Structurally, the shroud was a glass-fibre shell surrounding an aluminium spar and filled with polyurethane foam. The control surfaces were conventionally constructed from aluminium sheet. The XBD-2 had a fixed tricycle undercarriage, with wheels enclosed in fairings.
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The resulting aircraft, which was designed by a team led by Ed Heinemann resembled a scaled-down Northrop Delta. It was a low-winged monoplane, of all-metal stressed skin construction. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with its main gear fitted with streamlining trouser fairings. The pilot sat in an enclosed cockpit with a sliding canopy.
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The Su-30MKI is a highly integrated twin-finned aircraft. The airframe is constructed of titanium and high-strength aluminium alloys. The engine intake ramps and nacelles are fitted with trouser fairings to provide a continuous streamlined profile between the nacelles and the tail beams. The fins and horizontal tail consoles are attached to tail beams.
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The American Wil Schuemann pioneered several performance-enhancing modifications to the type, including a re-profiled wing, converting the airfoil to a Wortmann section, various fairings, a new canopy and a reshaped fuselage nose. Aircraft incorporating these changes are informally known as 'Schümanised' Libelles.Rogers, Bennett: 1974 Sailplane Directory, Soaring Magazine, page 52. Soaring Society of America, August 1974.
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This involved an almost circular unit in front of the engine, with the propeller shaft emerging through it, above the centre. As a result, the profile of the nose was considerably altered, appearing less streamlined. At about the same time, the 260 regained its wheel fairings. It first flew in this form on 4 October 1933.
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The conventional fixed undercarriage has mainwheels with low pressure tyes on faired V-struts and half axles hinged on an underside cabane. The main unit is rubber sprung; the tail skid is spring steel. Some Holidays have had wheel fairings, others not. The prototype Holiday first flew powered by a 56 kW (75 hp) Régnier 4D.
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The Votec 252T has a cabin over the wing, with baggage space behind the seat, under a single piece canopy. It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage with fuselage mounted cantilever legs and with speed fairings on all wheels. The nosewheel casters; there is a small tailskid for rudder protection. The first prototype flew on 26 June 2009.
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Cornish clotted cream has Protected Geographical Status under EU law, and cannot be made anywhere else. Its principal manufacturer is A. E. Rodda & Son of Scorrier. Local cakes and desserts include Saffron cake, Cornish heavy (hevva) cake, Cornish fairings biscuits, figgy 'obbin, Cream tea and whortleberry pie.Mason, Laura; Brown, Catherine (1999) From Bath Chaps to Bara Brith.
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Streamlined fairings on the trailing edges of the wings that could house large quantities of defensive chaff/flares were also new additions.Butler and Buttler 2009, pp. 44, 47. While trials were conducted with terrain-following radar and a side scan mode for the bombing and navigation radar, neither of these functions were integrated into the operational fleet.
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The slender wings required the use of a carbon reinforced main spar for structural feasibility. The horizontal stabiliser is a spareless carbon sandwich shell. The full-span flaperons are divided into six segments and built as aramid / foam sandwiches allowing a very light and rigid construction. Fairings on the upper wing surface accommodate the tall flaperon bellcranks.
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The new aircraft was, in effect, a twin-engined, scaled-down version of the four- engined DH.86 Express. It shared many common features with the earlier DH.86 Express, including its tapered wings, streamlined fairings and fuselage, as well as the same Gipsy Six engines. However, the DH.89 demonstrated none of the operational vices of the Express.
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The convertible's necessary dynamic rigidity is provided by additional side reinforcements and a cross brace in front of the engine. Passenger safety is ensured by a strengthened windscreen frame and roll bars. The 360 Spider displays a curvilinear waistline. The fairings imply the start of a roof, and stable roll bars are embedded in these elevations.
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Retrieved on 27 August 2012.Caroline Davies. The Guardian:Wordsworth's village bakers fight over their gingerbread. Retrieved on 27 August 2012. By the early 19th century, Grasmere gingerbread was being sold as fairings and as a popular seller in its own right. Poet Dorothy Wordsworth wrote in 1803 that she and her brother William craved the gingerbread.
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One reportedly flew home after losing of main rotor blade to a tree. HMR-161 reported 90% aircraft availability. UH-19B at the Milestones of Flight Museum, Fox Field, Lancaster, California Fairings for transmission and tail rotor driveshaft have been removed; note later-style downward-inclined tailboom. Sikorsky UH-19 at the Canadian Museum of Flight 1988.
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Midway down the body were two small wings to provide downforce and ensure stability - these wings were inspired by the wings of Opel's famous rocket cars from 1928. The heavily streamlined twin- tailed body (forming the fairings for each pair of tandem rear wheels) achieved a drag coefficient of 0.18, an astonishingly low figure for any vehicle.
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The CR-3 was a mid-wing radial engined taildragger racer with manual retractable landing gear and a tail skid. The propeller was from a clipped wing Monocoupe racer #14. The tail surface was designed to be neutral, without downforce in flight. The elevators experienced significant vibration in test flights without the wing root fairings installed.
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The wing consists of two cantilever sections attached to a central torsion box, forming a single unit with the fuselage. The air brakes are housed in fairings at the tip of each wing. Each wing has five hardpoints for weapons carriage, with the attachment points mounted on load-bearing ribs and spars.Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 77.
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In 2011, Hero Honda launched the Splendor Pro with changes in body fairings, self-start features, alloy wheels and other improvements. Hero Honda was changed into Hero Motocorp. In 2014, Hero Motocorp launched a new model 'Splendor iSmart'. After the separation of Hero group and Honda motor company, the Splendor is now manufactured by Hero Motocorp.
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The Model 15-P was a two-passenger "flying wing" or tailless design. It featured a rearmounted Ford V-8 driving a tractor propeller with a driveshaft The fuselage was steel tube with an aluminum covering and the wings were fabric-covered. The landing gear was fully faired with large landing lights mounted in the fairings.
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C. F. Taylor is a company that grew into a large international aeronautical fabrications business, later part of British Aerospace. It was born in a shed of the Buckler premises in Heath Hill Road shortly after World War II. Metal craftsman C. F. Taylor single-handedly produced aluminium racing fairings for motorcycles and bodies for early Buckler cars.
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Extending flaps often run on guide tracks. Where these run outside the wing structure they may be faired in to streamline them and protect them from damage. Some flap track fairings are designed to act as anti-shock bodies, which reduce drag caused by local sonic shock waves where the airflow becomes transonic at high speeds.
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The Road Kings have a "retro cruiser" appearance and are equipped with a large clear windshield. Road Kings are reminiscent of big-twin models from the 1940s and 1950s. Electra Glides can be identified by their full front fairings. Most Electra Glides sport a fork-mounted fairing referred to as the "Batwing" due to its unmistakable shape.
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A motorcycle with sliders protecting the fork, the handle bar ends, and the frame Various kinds of sliders, called frame sliders, frame protectors, fairing protectors, or crash bobbins, are attached to motorcycles with the intention of minimizing damage to the bike's fairings, frame, engine, and other parts, in the event of a crash, or an accidental tip over. They are made of plastics, such as Delrin, acetal, or nylon, or sometimes aluminum. Frame sliders are usually located and installed on the engine bolts on both sides of the fairings. Front or rear axle sliders, also called fork sliders and swing-arm spool sliders provide some potential damage reduction for the suspension components, wheels, and other parts by making contact with the ground before the rest of the bike.
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The extra wheel significantly improves cornering stability and can also improve luggage capacity. As of 2017 there are not many four-wheel velomobiles with highly aerodynamic fairings, but there are a few, and some riders report speeds are close to three-wheel velomobiles with highly aerodynamic fairings. Two-wheel "streamliner" configurations can have much less aerodynamic drag: wheels are hard to make aerodynamic; each wheel entry/exit to the fairing adds drag; and velomobiles with two front wheels are necessarily wider or longer than the rider, while two-wheel streamliners can be barely wider than the rider. A common way to describe aerodynamic drag is "CdA"; in one comparison of racing cycles, there were several two-wheel streamliners with less than half the CdA drag of the best three-wheeler.
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The Nu.D.38 was powered by two 160 hp (120 kW) Bramo Sh 14-A4 radial engines, mounted to the main wing spar on steel frames. It had a fixed, conventional undercarriage. A main shock absorber leg was attached to each of the steel engine frames, braced rearwards by a short auxiliary strut. Legs and wheels were enclosed in fairings.
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The Rafale had a fixed wide track, tailskid undercarriage. Its wheels were on vertical, slender aerofoil section legs from the wings and were largely enclosed within magnesium alloy fairings. The date of the first flight is not certain but it was certainly flying by 7 June 1934, possibly for the first time. Another six examples built were registered soon after.
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Two of the three Renard Type 120 , five-cylinder radial engines were mounted on frames below the wing within the bracing struts. They had long electron metal fairings behind them which contained oil tanks but their cylinder heads were exposed. The fuel tanks were contained within the wings. The third engine was in the nose of the fuselage under a metal cowling.
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The rectangular tail-plane and elevator was on top of them, with oval vertical tails acting as end-plates; the fins had ply covered wooden frames and the rudders had fabric covered steel frames. Its tricycle gear was fixed, all units with bungee cord shock absorbers. Both legs and wheels were enclosed in streamlined fairings. The nosewheel was steerable via the rudder pedals.
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Jackson 1988, p. 152.London 2003, p. 215. In November 1945, Shorts flew a further refined conversion of one of BOAC's Sunderlands from their Rochester works, with revised low-drag fairings on the aircraft's nose and tail, and a refurbished interior, which was known as the Sandringham. All the Sandringhams were civil conversions of former Royal Air Force Coastal Command Short Sunderlands.
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The fin has a curved top which merges into a full, rounded rudder. The AS-57 has a fixed conventional undercarriage; some have had wheel fairings, others not. There is a small tailwheel. Various engines have been fitted; the one remaining active aircraft has a 78 kW (105 hp) Walter Minor 4-III but another had a Regnier 67 kW (90 hp) 4E.
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Captain D. V. Peyton-Ward suggested on 8 September all convoy escorting aircraft should be armed with DCs.Hendrie 2006, p.48. The DC was modified for use with nose and tail fairings for safe usage, in case the aircraft had to ditch, the DC would not explode. It had a hydrostatic pistol which meant it would explode at or more.
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Design work on the Viper began in 2004, with the first flight on 1 November 2006 and market introduction in 2008. It is intended for touring, training and glider towing. The Viper is constructed mostly of metal, with aluminium skinning, using CNC machining. Composite materials are used for the tips of the flying surfaces, the fuselage upper decking, engine cowling and wheel fairings.
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The prototype was built in 1993 by Anton Quanz with Horst Fischer building the engine installation and electrical system. The ULF 2 first flew in October 1993. The ULF 2 is predominantly constructed from northern pine or Douglas fir, with spruce and birch plywood and covered with doped aircraft fabric. The engine cowling, wing tips and fairings are made from fibreglass.
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The VVRL-lOO reactor was fitted in the bomb bay of the aircraft, requiring aerodynamic fairings over the top and bottom. From 1961 to 1969, the Tu-95LAL completed over 40 research flights.From the television/DVD documentary, Planes That Never Flew: The Atomic Plane, Discovery Channel Europe and Alba Communications Ltd. 2003] Most of these were made with the reactor shut down.
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These had wings of smaller span – in compared with ) – and much reduced wing area ( compared with ) and wheel fairings, both modifications aimed at improved cross-country performance. The first of these was delivered in May 1933 but failed to get a Certificate of Airworthiness until refitted with full area wings in 1934; the second was returned to Redwing II standard before its sale.
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Similar methods were used in the tail structure. The fuselage was a monocoque structure of longerons and hoops, covered in three-ply. The fuselage was flat sided but deep and carefully made upper and lower fairings produced its overall rounded look. The high quality and lightness of the woodworking was remarked upon; Pandar had built his reputation and fortune in the furniture trade.
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The Centaur upper stage is powered by one or two US RL10 engine(s) manufactured by Aerojet Rocketdyne and burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. AJ-60A strap-on solid rocket boosters (SRBs) are used in some configurations and will be replaced by GEM-63 SRBs in the near future. The standard payload fairings are in diameter with various lengths.
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The tank, seat, fairings were redesigned, and the instrument cluster was now dominated by a large white faced Veglia tachometer. An extensive technical re-design saw 80 changes from the Mk II model. Revised cylinder heads and barrels had a squared-off cooling-fin design. Pushrods were moved further from the bore centre, allowing for future increases in cylinder capacity.
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This was used successfully on the later Apollo 6 and Apollo 13 flights (both Saturn V rockets). Also on this flight, the dummy second stage was outfitted with the aerodynamic design of the real second stage. This included vent ducts, fairings and dummy camera pods. The rocket also flew with antennae designed for the Block II version of the rocket.
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This is known as the area rule. On subsonic aircraft such as jet airliners, this can be achieved by the addition of smooth pods on the trailing edges of the wings. These pods are known as anti-shock bodies, Küchemann Carrots, or flap track fairings, as they enclose the mechanisms for deploying the wing flaps. ; Spinner : To cover and streamline the propeller hub.
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All were fitted with the larger, pointed tip rudder. The last 45 or so Mk XIIs, were based on Mk VIIIs with two wing fuel tanks, each containing a maximum fuel load of 14 gal, and featured the larger horn balances, retractable tailwheel and undercarriage legs with torque-links, "dished" leg fairings and the stronger Dunlop AH10019 four spoke wheels.
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The fin and tailplane were broadly straight-edged, carrying curved elevators and rudder. The latter extended to the keel and worked in a cut-out between the elevators. The Comet's landing gear was of the fixed, tailwheel type, with cantilever oleo strut legs from the lower fuselage frame providing a track of . Legs and wheels were enclosed in generous fairings.
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This gives some photographs of the type the appearance of the earlier Nieuport 11. The wing area (14.4 m²) was a little less than the famous 15 m² of the Nieuport - the gap between the wings was reduced slightly, and the interplane struts were of steel tube, with broad wooden fairings, in place of the tape wrapped wooden struts of the original.
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At the rear the tail was conventional, with a near-triangular fin and deep, rounded rudder and a tailplane mounted near the top of the fuselage. The elevators had a cut-out for rudder movement. The SF-1's landing gear had independent legs with their struts enclosed in streamlined fairings and braced with streamlined tie-rods. Wheel track was .
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Fairings, mirrors, pillion seats & rear footpegs etc. were all binned (removed) in favour of lightness and handling ability. Under-seat exhausts, dual headlights and the widest sport tyres were de-rigueur. Actor Huggy Leaver is credited with being inspired to build such customized motorcycles in this style and there was a proliferation of 'ratted' streetfighters in London around the late 1980s.
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The D.332 was an all-metal cantilever low-wing monoplane. The pilot and co-pilot were seated side by side in a cabin located forward of the wing leading edge. A radio operator station was located behind the pilots, and it had a passenger cabin for eight passengers. The landing gear had trouser-type fairings on the main gear legs.
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264 The example shown in the image was completed in 1948 and had streamlined nose and tail fairings and windows inserted in the rear fuselage. It served United Airlines before being sold to Mexico. It was purchased by the Confederate Air Force and restored to wartime markings for air display purposes before being lost in a fatal crash in 1995.
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Steering is via a 2:1 ratio system of pulleys that reduce the force required and increase control authority. The lack of pivoting control bars allows cockpit fairings to be fitted. On the ground the aircraft has lever- controlled nosewheel steering. The aircraft is factory supplied in the form of an assembly kit that requires 20–30 hours to complete.
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Its fixed, self-sprung steel cantilever tricycle undercarriage is attached to the fuselage. All wheels have speed fairings. In early production aircraft, access to the cabin was via the top hinged, upward opening canopy, but later examples have forward hinged doors reaching down almost to the wing. The doors contain a framed window, though the total cabin transparency is noticeably reduced.
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Initially based on the largest 242t MTOW A330, Airbus is studying an improvement to MTOW for the A330neo, which would match the figure originally given for the Airbus A350-800 before it was sidelined in favor of the A330neo. This would give the -900 a range to better compete with the 787-9’s Since the fan is enlarged from , the nacelles are mounted higher, necessitating extensive CFD analysis to avoid supersonic shock wave interference drag, as is the first slat's dog-tooth. The wing twist and belly fairings are tweaked to approach the lowest drag elliptical span-wise pressure distribution changed by the larger sharklets, like the flap track fairings shape to lower form drag. On the -800 at FL400, cruise fuel flow at Mach 0.82 and low weight is per hour at a higher weight and Mach 0.83.
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The sports fairings were recognisable for their styling with integral 'blisters' enclosing the handlebar-ends and rider's hands, and were available for racing, named Mountain Mile, with a similar sports-style for road use incorporating a distinctive, large rectangular Cibié headlamp, named Peel 707. A different design was for touring, aptly named TT Tourer.Motor Cycle, 23 September 1965, Advert p.18 Peel Race-Bred Fairings. TT Tourer, 707 Sports, Mountain Mile Sports, 351 Dallow Road Luton Beds. Accessed and added 2014-10-26Motor Sport Magazine archive, October 1976, p. 54 A visit to Cibié Retrieved 26 October 2014 A red Peel Trident and a blue Peel P50 The company built an experimental hovercraft design in 1961 powered by a 500 cc Triumph engine. In 1965, Peels arranged for all fairing production to be transferred under licence to Mike Ivory of Luton, Bedfordshire, England.
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The R-22S "vizes" Június-18 was another one-off Június-18 variant, first flown in the spring of 1954. Two water tanks were built into the wings, which were entirely ply- covered and with shorter span ailerons. "Almond" tip fairings were added in 1955. The fuselage was unchanged apart from a small, dorsal fin root fairing, a more strongly curved rudder and a cantilever tailplane.
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Lake and Dorr 2000, pp. 138–139. The jets, like those on most other piston/jet hybrids, burned gasoline instead of jet fuel which eliminated the need for separate fuel tanks. A tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with the nosewheel retracting forwards. The single-wheel main legs retracted into coverless fairings in the wings, so that the sides of the wheels could be seen even when retracted.
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Honda CBR600F3 The CBR600F3 is the third generation of the CBR600F series. It replaced the F2, and was produced from 1995 to 1998. It had a modified engine, ram-air intake and cartridge forks. The 1997 and 1998 models also came with a deeper oil pan, sleeker tail fairings, seat and taillight, and a revised engine head netting about a gain over 1995–1996 models.
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Flaps were added to the lower wings. The undercarriage V-struts were replaced with glass fibre faired cantilever legs, with fairings enclosing all three wheels. These changes increased the empty weight to 451 kg (995 lb). By about 1979 the Citröen engines of both the AS-37A and AS-37B had been replaced with more powerful 75 kW (100 hp) Porsche 2 flat-fours.
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The company had 135 employees as of April 2016 and is the largest manufacturer in Vashon, Washington. It is locally referred to as "The Bone Factory." PRL has capabilities in (R&D;) prototypes, short run production, and rapid prototyping. It is the manufacturer for Seaglider fairings, wings and rudders; Seaglider is an underwater glider autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by the University of Washington.
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The resulting A-17 was equipped with perforated flaps, and had fixed landing gear with partial fairings. It was fitted with an internal fuselage bomb bay that carried fragmentation bombs and well as external bomb racks. Northrop developed new landing gear, this time completely retractable, producing the A-17A variant. This version was again purchased by the Army Air Corps, who placed orders for 129 aircraft.
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The sides were birch ply, reinforced nearer the water with teak. Upper and rear parts were fabric covered. Stability on the water was provided by a pair of unstepped floats under the wing, held a little beyond the central section on mountings within completely enclosing fairings. The vertical tail was metal- framed and fabric covered, with an in-flight adjustable, triangular fin and rectangular balanced rudder.
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These improvements included a front air dam, roof fairings over the pantograph openings, membranes to cover the space between the cars, and a flush-mounted windshield. Over 600 sensors were fitted on various parts of both the engines and the cars. The train set ran with larger wheels with a diameter of 1092 mm instead of 920 mm, to limit the rotational speed of the powertrain.
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These magnesium parts were anodized gold for consistency with the name 'Oro' (Italian for gold). All painted parts, such as fairings, seat cover, front mudguard, fuel tank and air box are made of carbon fibre. Using these materials the weight was kept under 181 kg (400 lb) (later beaten by the F4 Veltro). The Showa fork specially made for MV Agusta has fast-detach axle clamps.
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Both were low wing cantilever monoplanes with flat sided fuselages and long dorsal headrest fairings. They also shared similar elliptical vertical tails and fixed tail skid undercarriages, with each main wheel on a single leg and enclosed in a fairing. However, the G-23 was significantly larger, with a 25% greater span and 50% more wing area. The extra seat meant it was also longer.
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The ailerons were steel framed and fabric covered. Between them and the engines were Schrenk type landing flaps. The 85/95 hp (63/71 kW) Walter Minor four cylinder inverted in line engines were cantilevered from the rear spar on steel frames, with fairings both above and below the wings. The flat sided fuselage was built on a steel tube framework, narrowing to the rear.
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The Honda Bravo is a four-stroke underbone class motorcycle designed and manufactured in the Philippines. The frame and engine of the Honda Bravo is the same as the Honda Wave 100 of Thailand, and they differ only in the plastic body fairings. This motorcycle is related to the Honda XRM, which is also designed and manufactured in the Philippines. It uses an aluminum engine.
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The Féré F.3 lands on a fixed, conventional undercarriage with rubber block shock absorbers on the cantilever main legs. The mainwheels are enclosed in fairings and have brakes; the leaf spring-mounted tailwheel is steerable. The Féré F.3 first flew in March 1981. Although plans were offered for other builders, it seems that the prototype F-PYJF was the only one completed.
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Fairings at the top of a lift nacelle in the open position During February 1962, the formal launch of the Do 31 programme occurred with the issuing of a development contract from the West German government.Dow 2009, p. 233. By the start of 1964, Dornier had started building a pair of prototype aircraft; their manufacture was largely performed at the company's Oberpfaffenhofen plant.Hoffert, Fritz.
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Each additional SRB adds an average of $6.8 million to the cost of the rocket. Customers can also choose to purchase larger payload fairings or additional launch service options. NASA and Air Force launch costs are often higher than equivalent commercial missions due to additional government accounting, analysis, processing, and mission assurance requirements, which can add $30–$80 million to the cost of a launch.
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On each side a V-form pair of tubular struts within aerofoil fairings braced the lower fuselage to the wing. The trailing edge of the mainplane had a long fillet reaching almost to the curved leading edge of the broad tailplane; mounted at mid-fuselage, this had strong inboard sweep, decreasing outwards. It carried horn-balanced elevators. The fin was smaller, with a rounded, balanced rudder.
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The outer panels were readily detachable for transport. The wide track undercarriage had a single vertical long travel leg on each side to the main spar, with a small bracing strut forward. The first two of the three Doves built had their wheels enclosed in spats, with unfaired legs, but the third used trouser fairings. The fuselage was a rectangular plywood covered structure, slender in plan.
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Grey 1972, p. 303c The T-840 was powered by two 420 hp (313 kW) Wright R-975 9-cylinder radial engines, mounted well forward and above the wing leading edge and enclosed in wide chord NACA cowlings. Behind them, fairings extended almost to the trailing edge of the wing. Between the fuselage and engines the wings had steel tube frames and were aluminium covered.
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The airframe is mainly of metal construction. being primarily of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy with riveted skin. Components such as wingtips and fairings are made from glass-reinforced plastic. The fuselage is a semi-monocoque with vertical bulkheads and frames joined by longerons running the length of the fuselage. The wings are of a strut-braced design and have a 1 degree dihedral angle.
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NSU Rennmax 250 cc Delphin, the original instance of the name Dolphin This was called so because, in early models, the front wheel mudguard streamlined with the rising windshield part of the fairing resembled the dolphin's snout from the side view. Further developments on this design became the norm after dustbin fairings were banned.Motor Cycle 24 September 1964, p.582 On the Four Winds by 'Nitor'.
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Moore built the SS-1 over a period of just under three years, completing it in 1966, with assistance from his wife and son. The SS-1 is of predominantly aluminium construction, with the wing partly covered with sheet aluminium and partly with doped aircraft fabric covering. The aircraft also has some fiberglass fairings. The entire aircraft is flush riveted, except the aft fuselage.
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The top of the hull was rounded, with a single-seat open cockpit near the nose. The wings had steel spars and were mounted on the top of the fuselage, with pairs of bracing struts to the chines. The wings carried full-span ailerons which could be drooped together, flap-like, for landing. There were stabilising floats near the wingtips in trouser-like fairings.
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RUAG Space is a segment of the Swiss technology group RUAG, with locations in Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the USA and Austria. The company began in the late 1970s as a subcontractor of Oerlikon Contraves (later named Oerlikon Space) carrying out final assembly of payload fairings for Ariane rockets. These activities took place at Emmen, Switzerland. Over the years RUAG Space has expanded primarily through acquisitions.
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The cockpit seats two in side-by-side configuration under a one- piece bubble canopy, lever hinged from the rear; behind the seat backs there is luggage space. Until 2008, all Fascinations had a retractable tricycle undercarriage. The main wheels, mounted from the fuselage on cantilever spring legs, retract electrically outward into the wing and the nosewheel retracts rearwards. The fixed wheel option has wheel fairings.
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The frame and swingarm were updated, but the main changes from its predecessor lay in the design. The aluminum frame was now painted flat black, fairings were more round, and integrated turn signals were used (euro model). The exhaust was now centrally under the seat (a configuration commonly referred to as an undertail exhaust). Most of these changes were mirrored in the 599 cc ZX-6RR.
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The Sparrow has a fixed tricycle undercarriage; all three wheels have speed fairings and the main wheels have faired legs under the wings, raked back from the forward ends of the booms. The Sparrow first flew on 24 August 2010 and production started in 2012.Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 88. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015.
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The pilot's open cockpit was midway between the trailing edge of the wing and the tail, with long fairings ahead and behind him. The pilot could monitor his patient's condition in flight as the partition between them was transparent. In contrast to the rest of the fuselage, the rear sides were rapidly detachable leatherette panels. The tail unit was conventional, with trapezoidal horizontal and vertical surfaces.
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The fuselage is a monocoque construction, tapering strongly to the rear. The cockpit seats four in two rows with dual controls in front, covered by a forward-hinged, single-piece canopy. There are two side windows for the rear seat passengers. The M212 has a fixed tricycle undercarriage, the mainwheels mounted on forward-leaning cantilever legs in narrow chord fairings, attached to the fuselage.
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Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003. . A 206L-3 LongRanger was modified to serve as the 407 demonstrator. The demonstrator used hardware for the 407 and added molded fairings to represent the 407's wider fuselage then under development. The demonstrator was first flown on April 21, 1994, and the 407 program was publicly announced at the Heli-Expo in Las Vegas, Nevada, in January 1995.
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The Dodge styling department wanted to make changes to the Charger Daytona as soon as they saw it, but was told by Bob McCurry to back off; he wanted function over finesse. The Charger Daytona introduced to the public had a fiberglass nose without real headlamps and a wing without streamlined fairings. The media and public loved the car, but were mystified by the reverse scoops on the front fenders.
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There are various types of off-road motorcycles, also known as dirt bikes, specially designed for off- road events. Compared to road-going motorcycles, off-road machines are simpler and lighter, having long suspension travel, high ground clearance, and rugged construction with little bodywork and no fairings for less damage in spills. Wheels (usually 21" front, 18" rear) have knobby tires, often clamped to the rim with a rim lock.
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1968 BSA Fleetstar A less sporty version, the B25FS Fleetstar, was introduced in 1969 to appeal to fleet customers such as the police. The compression ratio was reduced to 8.5:1, which dropped power output down to 21 bhp (16 kW). The machine had painted, valance mudguards and a more conventional steel tank. Various accessories such as fairings, leg-guards and panniers could be fitted dependent on the purchaser's requirements.
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The Formula One class, which at the time was the pinnacle of the race, would be removed altogether. Another category included in the race is the Naked class (for motorcycles without fairings - similar to the streetfighter bikes). At the event's peak during the 1980s, the race attracted in excess of 130,000 spectators while presently it attracts a crowd around 85,000. The record attendance figure is 160,000 in 1990.
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A number of problems with the undercarriage led to it being locked down and covered with 'trouser' fairings. The aircraft set a new record for the flight from Cape Town to England of 6 days, 8 hours and 27 minutes in November 1936. A small production line was started at Yate, Gloucestershire and the production version was designated the Heck 2C. The production aircraft were three-seaters with fixed spatted undercarriages.
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The first stage of Apollo 8 Saturn V being erected in the VAB on February 1, 1968. Engine fairings and fins not yet installed. The S-IC was built by the Boeing Company at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, where the Space Shuttle external tanks would later be built by Lockheed Martin. Most of its mass at launch was propellant: RP-1 fuel with liquid oxygen as the oxidizer.
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Its fixed surfaces were plywood-covered; the elevators and rudders were fabric- covered with mass and aerodynamically balances. The rudders had trim tabs. The NC.510 had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with vertical, oleo shock absorber legs attached to the forward wing spar just inside the engines, braced with a strut to the rear spar. Legs and wheels were enclosed in fairings, and there was a sprung tail skid.
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Each float was mounted on two steel struts, enclosed in dural sheet fairings. The forward strut was joined at the side of the engine mounting and the rear one met its opposite partner on the fuselage underside centre-line. Diagonal struts from the feet of the forward struts on the float joined the top of the rear struts to provide cross-bracing and two horizontal struts connected the floats together.
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The Kometa-Standard was the second glider designed by Pavlov and Panchovsky, a fully aerobatic Standard Class aircraft of almost entirely wooden construction, though with fabric covered control surfaces. The wings, straight tapered in plan and set at mid-wing position, were single spar structures with leading edge plywood covered D-boxes. They had 4° of dihedral. There were salmon type fairings, tapering, slender, streamlined bodies, at the tips.
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M.S.325 C3 No. 01 (Works no. 4120) was flown for the first time by company Chief Test Pilot Michael Détroyat early in 1933 from the factory site at Villacoublay. The first test results were not satisfactory as tail buffeting was encountered leading to modifications that included lowering the tailplane and adding wing root fairings. Although testing proceeded, the M.S.325 continued to be hampered by handling problems.
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The vertical tail shape was also changed and the rudder tab was replaced by a metal trim strip adjustable only on the ground. New, stiffer undercarriage struts were introduced, along with larger diameter wheels. The retraction mechanism was changed from hydraulic to electrically powered, which became a hallmark of later Focke-Wulf aircraft system designs, and new strut door fairings of a simplified design were fitted to the legs.
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Construction was as per standard Fokker practice, with the wing being made almost entirely of wood with two main spars and light ribs covered in thin sheets of plywood. The fuselage was built up from welded steel tubes, largely cross-braced with wires. Fairings, the floor and an internal bulkhead separating the pilot from the cabin were wood. A triangular-shaped door gave the pilot access to the cabin.
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Following typical Fairchild construction, the fuselage and empennage were made of fabric-covered welded steel tubing while the main wings were a combination of spruce spars and stainless steel ribs, also fabric covered. The "stub" wings were of heavy steel construction. The retractable undercarriage (a first for a Canadian designed aircraft) also featured streamlined fairings when the aircraft was equipped with skis.Molson and Taylor 1982, p. 324–325.
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The Interceptor sported racing bike fairings that shaped the future for modern sport bikes. The tank was 5.8 gallons and was shaped to keep the rider's legs tucked in to eliminate air drag. The new front fairing replaced the cafe racer headlight with an aerodynamic fiberglass fairing to push the air over the rider's helmet. The lower cowl produced down force to push the 551 pound bike to the road.
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The combination of these elements helps maintain structural integrity and chassis rigidity. Braking systems combine higher performance brake pads and multi-piston calipers that clamp onto oversized vented rotors. Suspension systems are advanced in terms of adjustments and materials for increased stability and durability. Most sport bikes have fairings, often completely enclosing the engine, and windscreens that effectively deflect the air at very high speeds, or at least reduce overall drag.
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Electric resistance spot and seam welding are used to join secondary structures, such as fairings, engine cowls, and doublers, to bulkheads and skins. Difficulties in quality control have resulted in low utilization of electric resistance welding for primary structure. Ultrasonic welding offers some economic and quality-control advantages for production joining, particularly for thin sheet. However, the method has not yet been developed extensively in the aerospace industry.
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The top of the Duolever suspension The BMW K1300S is a motorcycle introduced in October 2008. It replaced the outgoing K1200S which had been in production since September 2004. The K1300S features an increase in engine capacity of 136cc over the K1200S, an increase in power to 175 hp (130 kW), newly styled fairings and a new exhaust system. Motorcyclist tested a quarter mile time of 10.62 sec.
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The engine mountings were steel tube structures supported by the longerons; the engine cowlings were most prominent above the wings. The main legs of the track landing gear, with fairings mounted on the front of, them retracted rearwards into the cowlings. The undercarriage was completed with an oleo mounted, steerable tailwheel. There were fuel tanks in the central section of the wings between both the engines and the longerons.
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2008 Honda CBR125R In 2007, the CBR125R received some major changes. This model got different front fairings to resemble the look of the CBR600RR as well as colour changes to the swingarm and front telescopic fork which are now black. Engine changes included the implementation of PGM-FI fuel injection system, IACV (Idle Air Control Valve) which operates alongside the PGM-FI, and HECS3 oxygen sensor to comply with EURO3 standards.
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Midnight Sun VI came 3rd at the American Solar Challenge and 15th in the World Solar Challenge. It was also one of the most reliable models. Midnight Sun VII finished 3rd in the 2003 American Solar Challenge and earned the Award for Technical Innovation for the use of adaptable fairings, which enhanced sailing performance. The car later set a world record for its journey through the United States and Canada.
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The wings were braced by a single "N"-strut and an inverted "V"-strut on each side. Additional auxiliary tail surfaces were mounted on the aircraft's fin, above the main tailplane, which acted as trim tabs. The aircraft was powered by a Curtiss D12 water-cooled V12 engine driving a two- bladed propeller and cooled by radiators located in fairings in the lower wing-roots.Bowers 1971, pp. 48–49.
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Velomobiles with fairings that are mainly for weather protection can use a more upright seating position. This tends to improve both the ability to see and be seen. However, to retain stability against tipping (both cornering and cross-winds), the wheel track needs to be wider than a comparable velomobile with a low seating position. In turn, this may make the velomobile quite a bit wider than a conventional cycle.
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A Handlebar fairing, also called headlight fairing or headlamp fairing, is not fixed to the main chassis as with other types of fairings, which do not move. A handlebar fairing complete with screen is like an expanded and extended nacelle. It is attached only to the forks or yokes, encompassing the headlight and instruments, and varying portions of the handlebars, and moves with them as the bars are turned.
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Tecnam P92 Taildragger ;P92-JS: An upgraded version of the P92-J with Rotax 912S. Changes include shortened wings, metal flaps, redesigned engine cowling and fairings. ;P92-LY: As P92 JS but with Lycoming YO-233-B2A engine instead of Rotax ;P92 Echo: Available with Rotax 912UL or Rotax 912ULS engine. Tecnam P92 Sea-Sky ;P92 Sea-Sky: Amphibian version of the P92 Echo, with conventional floats equipped with retractable wheels.
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The timed runs are completed during the All American Soap Box Derby race week. The open rules of the Ultimate speed Challenge have led to a variety of interesting car designs., Winning times have improved as wheel technology has advanced and the integration between the cars and wheels has improved via the use of wheel fairings. Wheels play a key role in a car's success in the race.
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All the tail surfaces had wooden structures and the control surfaces were unbalanced. The T-2 had fixed, conventional landing gear with a track of about . The wheels were on cranked, steel split axles mounted on the fuselage central underside and enclosed in wooden streamlined fairings. The outer axle ends moved in slots at the ends of wooden V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons, restrained by rubber chord shock-absorbers.
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Air Force NB-52A, "The High and Mighty One" (serial 52-0003), and NB-52B, "The Challenger" (serial 52-0008, a.k.a. Balls 8) served as carrier planes for all X-15 flights. Release took place at an altitude of about and a speed of about . The X-15 fuselage was long and cylindrical, with rear fairings that flattened its appearance, and thick, dorsal and ventral wedge-fin stabilizers.
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A single aircraft was ordered in 1935, together with a Fokker Super Universal built by Nakajima. Powered by a 298 kW (400 hp) Mitsubishi A5 engine, it differed from the military version in having a glazed canopy over the rear cockpit (which accommodated a crew of two), an open forward pilot's cockpit, and spat-type main wheel fairings. It was delivered in March 1936 and registered J-AARA.
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Both models have a new tail design based on the aerodynamic shape and systems of the G650's tail. The airframe is primarily composed of high-strength aluminum alloys with limited use of steel and titanium alloys. The horizontal stabilizer, fairings, main landing gear doors, rudder and elevators, radome, rear pressure bulkhead and winglets are composite materials. The semi-monocoque fuselage structure is made of stressed skin, frame and longeron.
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The P-51A-NA modified with skis In early 1944, the first P-51A-1-NA, 43-6003. was fitted and tested with a lightweight retractable ski kit replacing the wheels. This conversion was made in response to a perceived requirement for aircraft that would operate away from prepared airstrips. The main oleo leg fairings were retained, but the main wheel doors and tail wheel doors were removed for the tests.
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The Romanian Naval Forces ordered three IAR 330 Puma Naval helicopters, with the last one being commissioned in December 2008. The helicopters are in a similar configuration to those of the Romanian Air Force, including the SOCAT upgrade package; the Navy Pumas also have flotation gear fitted under the nose and main undercarriage fairings. They are currently operated from Navy frigates for search and rescue, medevac and maritime surveillance missions.
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Both the rudder and the elevator were statically and aerodynamically balanced. The undercarriage was of a split-type configuration, being oleo-sprung and equipped with Dunlop-built wheels. The wheels, which were housed within streamlined fairings, were fitted with brakes; for conducting operations under winter conditions, skis could also be fitted to the undercarriage. According to reports from pilots who flew the B-534, it possessed excellent handling characteristics for the era.
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This configuration allows the rocket to fly on a shallower path to orbit, meaning horizontal velocity is emphasized over vertical velocity. This in turn reduces the maximum G-forces endured by the crew and allows for a safe abort at any time during the launch. The standard payload fairings are in diameter with varying lengths. The dual- engine variant of the Centaur has flown more than 100 times on Atlast variant rockets.
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Narrow chord ailerons entirely occupied the trailing edges. The fuselage of the MS.300 was a rectangular section girder constructed of dural in the forward part containing the engine and cockpits, but wooden aft. Fairings produced a more rounded section, its surface metal in the front but fabric behind. The MS.300 had a Salmson 9P nine-cylinder radial engine in the nose, whereas the MS.301 had a five- cylinder, Lorraine 5Pa radial.
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These frames, enclosed in streamlined fairings apart, were also braced the upper fuselage longerons with shorter N-struts and with inverted V-struts to the central fuselage underside. Short, inverted V-struts attached the wing centre section to the upper fuselage. There were no wing bracing wires. The fuselage of the Mureaux was built around four duralumin tube longerons, with easily repaired connections to tubular diagonals and with removable panels covering the forward part.
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Taylor, John W.R.: Jane's Pocket Book Light Aircraft Revised Edition, page 171. Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, 1982. In 1977, Piper upgraded the Warrior to 160 hp (119 kW) PA-28-161, changing its name to Cherokee Warrior II. This aircraft had slightly improved aerodynamic wheel fairings introduced in 1978. Later models of the Warrior II, manufactured after July 1982, incorporated a gross weight increase to 2,440 pounds, giving a useful load over 900 pounds.
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All props have been stripped and prepared for painting plus the tail wheel assembly and main landing gear have been cleaned and repainted. Restoration of peripheral equipment such as bombs and bomb carts is also nearing completion. In addition to the structural repairs in the radio compartment and tail gunner position, numerous repairs have been made to the horizontal and vertical stabilizers and related fairings. The vertical stabilizer is ready for remounting.
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This had the function of allowing a pair of satellites, one placed on top of the other; several different SPELDA nose fairings could be installed, including normal and extended models. The SPELDA was considerably lighter than its predecessor; the guidance system also used much more accurate ring laser gyroscopes. According to aviation author Brian Harvey, the advances present in the design of the Ariane 4 represented a conservative and evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, philosophy.
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Its tapered tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage, braced by two struts on each side to the lower fuselage, and carried narrow, full-span elevators. It had a fixed undercarriage with its main wheels on V-struts hinged from the lower fuselage and on vertical shock absorbing oleo struts to the engine mountings. The wheels were under large fairings; under the tail the D.430 had a long, leaf spring tail-skid.
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Cagiva Mito SP525 In 2005, at the EICMA motorcycle show, Cagiva launched a limited production tuned competition version of the Mito known as the SP525. This is something of a homage to the Cagiva GP500 (C594) racing bike. Front and rear fairings were modified to look more like the C594, eight-spoke forged aluminium wheels were added, while speedometer, lights and mirrors were removed to reduce the overall weight. The bike is not road-legal.
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The engine was enclosed by a NACA long chord engine cowling. Behind the engine the fuselage was flat sided, though with rounded decking both forward and aft of the two open cockpits, the forward one under the trailing edge cut-out and the other close behind. Fairings ahead of each gave protection from the slipstream and dual controls were fitted. Both fin and tailplane were essentially triangular and carried balanced control surfaces.
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It features EFIS avionics, its fuselage is 11 inches (27 cm) shorter than the Citation I's, but has a lowered center aisle for increased cabin height. The CitationJet retains the inside diameter, circular cross-section fuselage of the original 1971 Citation 500, a semi-monocoque construction of conventional aluminum alloys assembled with rivets, fasteners and adhesive bonding. Composite materials save weight in non-load-bearing components including fairings and the nose radome.
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The K3 was a complete rethink of the design. The braced wing was replaced with a cantilever wing of larger span. The fuselage was changed to oval and stretched for two extra passengers and the tailskid was replaced with a tailwheel and the main units were enclosed in fairings. The four engines were in the same tandem arrangement as the K2, but located lower on the fuselage and changed to Walter Castor radial engines.
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The CFM Shadow is a two-seat ultralight of pod and boom layout, either factory or home-built from kits. It is a high wing aircraft, with a short fuselage constructed of Fibrelam with a fibreglass nose cone and plywood sides, seating two in tandem in an enclosed cockpit. Dual control can be fitted and was standard on later models. The fuselage carries a tricycle undercarriage, with a castoring nosewheel; wheel fairings are an option.
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The undercarriage is fixed, with streamlined main legs and wheels in long fairings. The roller tailwheel is tucked into the rear corner of the fuselage behind the rudder. The cockpit is enclosed with a small, single-piece, perspex canopy. The first aircraft were powered by 85 hp (63 kW) Continental C-85 horizontally opposed engines but more recently at least four have used the 100 hp (75 kW) Continental O-200-A.
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Entered service in April 1943. Some modified with dorsal and ventral guns replaced by wooden fairings as Do 217 N-1/U1, conversion with Schräge Musik arrangement of four upward- firing 20 mm MG 151s as Do 217 N-1/U3. About 240 built. The Do 217 N-2 was a new build equivalent of Do 217 N-1/U1; some were fitted with two or four cannon in Schräge Musik installation.
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The first IAR 330 NAVAL helicopter was officially unveiled at Ghimbav on 30 January 2007. The Romanian Naval Forces ordered three of this variant. The helicopter is in a similar configuration to the Romanian Air Force variant, including the SOCAT upgrade package; the Navy aircraft also have flotation gear fitted under the nose and main undercarriage fairings. They are operated from Navy frigates for search and rescue, medevac and maritime surveillance missions.
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The stern was strengthened at critical points, new bulwark fairings were added, and an H-bitt was installed through which cabling is threaded to keep it centered during towing operations. Also installed was a hydraulic towing winch, referred to as a double-drum waterfall winch, holding or more of wire rope on each drum. One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing. Liberty Star carrying the DeepWorker 2000 submersible.
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Under licence from Hamilton Standard de Havilland Propellers produced cold-air units for most types of civil and military aircraft. Used in conjunction with a heat exchanger, the units reduced the temperature of compressor-bleed air by more than 300 °C. The use of epoxy resin/glass fibre- reinforced plastics for airscrew spinners, blade root fairings and other components were also developed extensively by de Havilland Propellers Ltd. at their Stevenage plant.
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Fairings are available for the front and rear of the vehicle. Some riders also use a "bodysock," a fabric (usually lycra) covering which connects the front fairing and the rear fairing, enclosing the rider for even less drag. Socks can also be run from a front fairing to an "A" shaped framework on the back of the seat. Or a "tailsock" can run from the back of the seat to the "A" shaped framework.
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They will often have three or four oversized fairings in a tower-like way in and an abundance of lights. In America it is common to hear Kaido Racers referred to as "Bosozoku", though this is not the case. They can often seem similar and can be seen on highways together in Japan, though they are two different things. More extreme "silhouette style" Kaido Racers often take inspiration from old race cars of the 80s.
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The main wheels were fitted with brakes. The first flight, without Townend ring, spats or undercarriage fairings, was on 27 November 1934. Several modifications followed, including the abandonment of the forward- sliding front cockpit hood, extension of the rudder and mass-balancing of the elevators. Trials with full military load and with the Pegasus IM3 replaced by a more powerful IIIM3 followed at RAF Martlesham Heath in the G.4/31 trials.
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The NiD 37 had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with its mainwheels, streamlined with partial (45°) aluminium fairings, mounted on faired V-struts. These had short forward projections to carry the foreplane at axle height. The NiD 37 first appeared in public at the Paris Air Show in December 1922, though it had not then flown. It carried twin Vickers machine guns mounted in the nose in front of the cockpit and over the engine.
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The gear had a track of and was often entirely contained within vertical trouser fairings. The prototype aircraft was fitted with a , five cylinder Walter NZ 70 radial engine in a rounded nose, with its cylinder heads exposed for cooling. Behind the engine the fuselage, all wood like the wings, was rectangular in section and built around four longerons with plywood surfacing; the upper surface was subdivided longitudinally into a ridge with two sloping faces.
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On aircraft, fairings are commonly found on: ; Belly fairing : Also called a "ventral fairing", it is located on the underside of the fuselage between the main wings. It can also cover additional cargo storage or fuel tanks. ; Cockpit fairing : Also called a "cockpit pod", it protects the crew on ultralight trikes. Commonly made from fiberglass, it may also incorporate a windshield.Cliche, Andre: Ultralight Aircraft Shopper's Guide 8th Edition, page C-17. Cybair Limited Publishing, 2001.
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After her husband died, Peter Knight, who ran a cartoon syndication agency, became her "toyboy". They would go out together dancing or to the opera or theatre. They dined by romantic candlelight twice a week but never lived together and he died in 2015. Besides press cuttings, she also collected curios including Adam Buck tea sets, cat paintings by Louis Wain, Georgian salt cellars and knife rests, Meissen porcelain, Staffordshire figures and Victorian china fairings.
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France planned to launch F-11, on which Europa-2 launched off into the sky. However, thanks to the static discharge from the fairings travelling down to the third stage sequencer and inertial navigation computer, they cause it to hang and malfunction; signalling the range safety officer to destroy it. The launch of F12 was postponed whilst a project review was carried out, which led to the decision to abandon the Europa design.
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Tractors tailored to use in fruit orchards typically have features suited to passing under tree branches with impunity. These include a lower overall profile; reduced tree-branch-snagging risk (via underslung exhaust pipes rather than smoke-stack-style exhaust, and large sheetmetal cowlings and fairings that allow branches to deflect and slide off rather than catch); spark arrestors on the exhaust tips; and often wire cages to protect the operator from snags.
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These include lightened control surfaces and refined wing root fairings. It also has engine cooling and lubrication changes to allow glider towing without overheating (Mk III remained a project). The Acrostar prototype D-EMKB remained active until at least June 2009. The third Acrostar, F-AZJF, previously HB-MSA was undergoing restoration in early 2010 and EC-CBS has been on display in the Museo de Aeronautica Y Astronautica, Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.
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Then the Italian firms dropped a bombshell by announcing they would pull out of racing at the conclusion of the 1957 season, citing escalating costs and dwindling motorcycle sales. MV Agusta initially went along with the pull out before reconsidering. The firm would go on to claim 17 consecutive 500cc crowns. 1957 would also mark a new era in other respects with the banning of the dustbin fairings due to their dangerous instability in crosswinds.
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The Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) (Delta 9450) was similar to the Medium+ (5,2), but used four GEM-60s instead of two, enabling it to lift 6,882 kg to GTO. To encapsulate the satellite payload, a variety of different payload fairings were available. A stretched Delta III 4 meter diameter composite payload fairing was used on 4 meter Medium versions, while an enlarged, 5 meter diameter composite fairing was used on 5 meter Medium versions.
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The CM400C was produced only in 1981 making it one of the more rare model types. The Honda CM series all generally resembled the older-style flat-seat bikes from the 1960s and 1970s, with the exception of a slightly raised passenger area seat and small plastic fairings for the battery and electrical. These are "standard" style motorcycles but do have some elements of the cruiser (stepped seat, increased fork angle, extra chrome).
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Splendor is the successor of the Hero Honda CD100 and the Hero Honda Sleek, both inspired by the Honda CB250RS series of the 1980s. In 2004, Hero Honda launched the upgraded version of the Splendor, the Splendor+. This version features multi-reflector headlight, tail light and turn signal lights, and new graphics. In 2007, Hero Honda launched the Splendor plus with changes in body fairings and including alloy wheels and other improvements.
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ISSN 1368-485X The company has had commercial success with their designs, which include a mast-mounted vibration dampening system. The enclosed cabin AutoGyro Cavalon and AutoGyro Calidus are noted for their very aerodynamically clean fuselage fairings. The open cockpit AutoGyro MT-03 is described as a "market leader" and is sold in the UK as the modified RotorSport UK MT-03. The AutoGyro MTOsport is a development version of the MT-03.
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The RS125 was given completely new fairing styling similar to the RSV 1000R. The most notable features are the angular fairings, two headlight units, digital gauge and multispoke Marchesini-styled rims. The bike's brakes have also been upgraded, featuring a radial four-piston brake caliper and braided brake lines. In 2008, the bike's electronics were changed from Nippon- Denso to Piaggio/EFI Technology electronics, most notably the new ECU to meet the more stringent EURO3 Emissions standards.
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The Ki-9 was introduced to service as the Army Type 95-1 Medium Grade Trainer Model A under the former aircraft naming nomenclature system. The first version had a complex split-axle landing gear with fairings over the top of the wheels. In 1939 this was modified and simplified, the fuselage slightly shortened and total weight reduced. The resulting Army Type 95-1 Model B or Ki-9-kai had improved maneuverability and flight characteristics.
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The flaps can be set to 0, +4, +45 and +70 °. The basic structure of the SCH-1 is aluminium with some fiberglass fairings. The leading edge wing ribs are made from dense Styrofoam cut with a bandsaw, with the ribs aft of the spar fabricated from cold-formed sheet aluminum. The fuselage was constructed by bending the outside skin onto a jig and then riveting the bulkheads and stringers to the skin from the inside.
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Only three ships were built in this group, S-1, S-2 and S-3, using partially German-supplied machinery. The boats were of semi-double hull type, with riveted pressure hull and welded light hull sections in the superstructure and extremities for improved seaworthiness. The sail was medium-sized and oval in plane, to reduce water drag. It housed the conning tower, the bridge, periscope fairings and a 45 mm (1.77 in) anti- aircraft gun.
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Two wing fences were fitted on the upper surface of each wing. The horizontal stabilizer was midway down the rear fuselage and two air brakes were fitted on its underside. The cockpit canopy was faired into the spine that ran the length of the top of the fuselage. The tandem landing gear had a single wheel on the forward unit and twin wheels on the main unit with outrigger struts that retracted aft into wingtip fairings.
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Due to this, the bike was dubbed the first street legal racer. In its five years of production the model underwent three major changes: Mk1 (1983-1984): 45-46 hp and 38 Nm torque. Very first bikes had a single brake disc on the front. Mk2 (1985): Revised front fairings, mudguard and colour scheme and a slightly shorter wheelbase (from 1385 mm to 1360 mm) Mk3 (1986-1987): Introduction of Suzuki's AEC system (Automatic Exhaust Control).
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The carriage comes with brakes, full suspension and a cockpit fairing, but is also available in nanotrike form without the fairings. A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the BB Microlight BB-03 Trya and the US-made 40% double surface Manta RST. The Manta RST comes in four sizes, graded by wing area: , , and . In the United States the aircraft is imported by Manta Aircraft and fitted with the Manta RST wing.
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Enclosed within fairings that reached back to the trailing edges, its track was . A small tailskid was fitted on the fuselage below the tailplane's leading edge. The Couzinet 10 was flown for the first time on 7 May 1928 by Maurice Drouhin. Further flights demonstrated well-coordinated controls and the ability to maintain altitude with the outer engine speeds reduced to 500 rpm and the central one at 1,500 rpm, compared with a maximum 1,900 rpm.
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The H.28 had conventional, fixed, tailskid landing gear. Its mainwheels, half enclosed by individual semi-circular fairings, were on a single axle and rubber cord shock absorbers enclosed within a streamlined fairing mounted on the lower fuselage longerons by N-form struts and reinforced by the wing bracing struts. The undercarriage track was . The date of the H.28's first flight is not known but by mid-May 1926 its development programme was underway at Villacoublay.
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Two streamlined pylons joined the wings to the box, above and below, carrying the fuselage at mid gap. For the aerodynamic investigations, the untapered part of the fuselage could be contained in circular fairings of different diameters; originally a range of five sizes was planned, but to reduce cost only the smallest () and largest () were flown. Since the diameter of the Jupiter was about , the cylinder heads were well exposed with the smaller fairing and enclosed by the larger.
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Construction of K5054 started in December 1934, with modifications incorporated as construction continued. One major change was to the Merlin engine's cooling system, with the adoption of ethylene glycol coolant together with a ducted radiator based on the work of Frederick Meredith at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough.McKinstry 2007, p. 54. The first flight took place on 5 March 1936.McKinstry 2007, p. 60. K5054 was unpainted and the undercarriage had no fairings fitted and was fixed down.
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After the first few flights K5054 was returned to the factory, reappearing about 10 days later with an overall gloss pale blue-grey finish. The engine cowlings had been altered and the angled fin tip had become straight topped with the rudder balance correspondingly reduced in size. Undercarriage fairings had now been fitted to the legs. An improved propeller was fitted and, with performance at last satisfactory, the machine was handed over to the RAF for service trials.
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A dismantled Hippie fits into a 5 m × 1.10 m × 0.66 m (16 ft 5 × 3 ft 7 in × 2 ft 0 in) container. The wings of the Hippie are high set with noticeable positive dihedral. They are unswept, with constant chord and have small end-plate fairings at the tips. They are built from glass and carbon reinforced plastics, with plastic skins and braced to the lower fuselage with a single strut on each side.
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The company is also involved in the joint international development and production of turbofan engines for passenger aircraft such as the V2500, the RB211/Trent, the PW4000 and the CF34. Kawasaki also works for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It was responsible for the development and production of the payload fairings, payload attach fittings (PAF) and the construction of the launch complex for the H-II rocket. KHI continues to provide services for the H-IIA rocket.
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The "R" had a full fairing and single headlight. The "Z" model was semi fared (side fairings and belly pan) and had 2 round headlights. The "K" and "P" both had a single round headlight and bar risers to give a more upright riding position. All designations had a single piece seat for rider and pillion, 3 spoke cast wheels, an aluminum frame with steel rear subframe, and a conventional dual-sided aluminum swing arm with single shock.
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The angle of incidence of the tailplane was in-flight adjustable for trim and its elevators were balanced. The vertical tail was rounded and reached down to the keel, operating in a small elevator cut-out. The Descamp's landing gear had mainwheels mounted under the wings at the meeting point of the inner and outer interplane struts, providing a wide track. There was no cross-axle; instead the wheels were mounted on rubber shock absorbers within trouser fairings.
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The landing gear was of the double axle type; the shock absorber was connected to the side member of the wing at the stiffening strut of the same. The wheels were equipped with aerodynamic fairings and used medium pressure tires with expanding brakes. The tail pad was sprung, with a swiveling wheel. The cabin was dual-controlled, with side-by-side seats, and the glazed hood was connected to the rear with the median section of the wing.
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Each had a pointed spinner and fairings behind the engine. The later Types 21 and 22 had more powerful radials, the five-cylinder, Walter Vega I and the seven-cylinder, Salmson 7Ac respectively. The fuselage was a ply-skinned semi-monocoque structure with close-spaced frames and stringers. It narrowed aft and the upper part rose upward to form a narrow vertical edge which formed the very broad fin; the fuselage underside curved upwards in parallel.
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There are long span, short chord slotted flaps inboard, mid-chord airbrakes and tips finished with small "salmon" fairings. Both designs have plywood skinned fuselages, though that of the 901 is longer in the nose where the cockpit has an extended, single piece canopy. The first two 901s built retained the curved vertical tail of the 900 but the third had a straight topped shape with a rudder that was straight edged except at the heel.
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It has a wing of straight tapered planform, terminated with small "salmon" fairings at the squared-off wingtips. The major structural component is the main spar plus nose D-box unit, skinned with a plastic foam-filled ("Klegecel") sandwich with ply outer layers. Ribs, ailerons and Schempp-Hirth airbrakes are attached to this torsion box. The whole upper wing surface and outboard lower surface is ply, supported by an internal Klegecell lining, with fabric below, aft of the spar.
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The Ducati 1198 is a sport bike made by Ducati from 2009 to 2011. For the 2011 model year there were two models: the 1198 and 1198SP (replacing the 1198S). The 1198 shared design elements with its predecessor 1098, but has more power and torque, redesigned wheels, lighter headlights, traction control, and lighter fairings (on the S model), and a few minor paint changes. One carryover from its 998 heritage is the distinctive single-sided swingarm.
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The Volvo VN (also known as the Volvo VNL) is a heavy duty truck produced by the Swedish vehicle manufacturer Volvo Trucks. Initially developed in North America, it was introduced in 1996 as the second generation Volvo Class 8 tractor. For the 2004 model year the third generation model was introduced with a revised hood, headlamps, fairings and interior, the VN was officially renamed as the VNL. Other models included the VNM (until 2017) and the VNR (from 2017).
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Modifications from SEV-1XP to production P-35 standard included partial instead of complete mainwheel fairings and seven degrees of dihedral to the outer wing panels.Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 11. The first production P-35 was delivered to the USAAC in May 1937, preceded by a company owned pre- production aircraft and demonstrator, the AP-1. Only 76 P-35s were built, delivery being completed in August 1938, with the 77th aircraft finished as the prototype XP-41.
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The Mercury engine was enclosed in a long-chord cowling. One advantage of the cranked wing was that it reduced the length of the undercarriage, making retraction easier. The main wheels of the Type 133 retracted fully into bath-type fairings under the wings; this was done hydraulically, using a handpump. Two of the four machine guns were fitted in the wing just outboard of the undercarriage fairing, the other two being on either side of the nose.
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The shape of the engine inlets were long rectangular slots in the first prototype, whereas production Valiants had oval or "spectacle" shaped inlets designed to pass greater airflow for the more powerful engines that were installed. The jet exhausts emerged from fairings above the trailing edge of the wings. For required takeoff performance from short tropical dispersal bases,Bombers of the West, Bill Gunston 1973, , p.50 a jettisonable rocket booster engines pack was developed for the Valiant.
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The tailplane had curved, swept leading edges and carried split elevators with a cut-out for rudder movement. The fin was almost triangular, with a slightly convex leading edge; it carried a pointed rudder on a vertical hinge extending to the bottom of the fuselage. The smooth, oval section fuselage was ply and fabric covered, tapering towards the tail. The pilot sat low down in a small open cockpit with narrow streamlined dorsal fairings in front and behind.
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The Hyosung GT250 is part of Hyosung's GT series. It shares many parts with its larger displacement siblings and it came in two flavours: GT250 (Comet) (naked bike) and GT250R (sports bike). The GT250 Comet came out in 2004, with the "Commet" suffix being dropped for the newly fuel injected 2010 model. The GT250R came out at the same time and although it seems it never officially had the "Comet" suffix, early fairings do seem to have Comet stickers.
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The captions on these fairings often indicate a cynical attitude to marriage, for example "When a man is married his troubles begin" on a fairing showing a man nursing a crying baby. Another shows a man cowering from his wife with the caption "Home from the club he fears the storm." Many, on the other hand, are simply charming, for example "God Save the Queen" (a family gathered round a piano) or "Which is prettiest?" (three beautiful little girls).
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The HJ-1 was evaluated by the United States Army as the YH-32, and the United States Navy as the XHOE-1. In 1957 two YH-32s were modified as the YH-32A for trials as armed helicopters. All the fibreglass cockpit fairings were removed and the tail was modified. The tests were successful in proving the viability of the helicopter as a weapons platform, but due to marginal performance, no further conversions or orders were placed.
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As well as the early cockpit and undercarriage, the V-0 first prototype had unusual airbrakes, formed by rotating the wing strut fairings through 90°. This system, introduced to expedite rigging, was found unsatisfactory and was abandoned in favour of spoilers. The second prototype, the V-1, initially had a two-wheel undercarriage, later altered by the replacement of the front wheel by an extended noseskid (V-1a). The V-2 and V-3 introduced the rear bench seat.
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Its undercarriage was fixed and conventional, with a track of . A single axle was held on two V-struts from the lower fuselage, with rubber chord shock absorbers. The V-struts had ply fairings and the axle was enclosed within a small lift-giving aerofoil. When first tested, the Cykacz was reluctant to take-off, partly because the Tomtit engine was unreliable and had to be kept below the high output shaft speeds for which the propeller was designed.
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The Bashan 125R is a 125cc 4-stroke, sport bike and commuter type motorcycle manufactured by Bashan Motorcycle Manufacturing Co.Ltd in Chongqing, a major city in southwestern mainland China. Chongqing is the third largest centre of motor vehicle production and the largest for motorcycles. Using the same frame as the Honda CBR125R and CBR150, the Bashan 125R has interchangeable parts with its Honda counterparts, making it possible to mount aftermarket fairings and accessories from the CBR125/150.
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On the ArabSat-6A mission on April 11, 2019, SpaceX used the recovery boats GO Searcher and GO Navigator to recover both fairing halves quickly after they landed in the sea; Musk declared the recovery successful and reused the fairings in a later Starlink mission. SpaceX used the same recovery method in May 2019 on another Starlink launch. A first successful fairing catch was made as part of the STP-2 mission on June 25, 2019.
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First flown in December 1999, the Breezer is the first product of what, until 2006 when Breezer Aircraft gmbh was formed, was named the Aerostyle Ultraleicht Flugzeuge; it is therefore often known as the Aerostyle Breezer. It is a conventionally laid out low wing ultralight, seating two side by side. It is largely constructed of riveted aluminium, with composites only used for non-structural fairings and the undercarriage. The wings have constant chord and slightly upturned trailing edge tips.
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Curtiss P-40 Warhawks In the 1942 John Wayne film Flying Tigers, real Curtiss P-40 Warhawks are featured. The New York Times critic called the P-40s "the true stars" of the film. Republic Studios also built replicas for the film due to material shortages during the war. These can be identified by the fairings hiding the cylinder heads of the automotive V-8 engines installed in them, and the lack of elevators on the horizontal stabilizer.
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There were ailerons on all wings. The propeller shafts were mounted in the middle wing within small fairings and placed as close to the fuselage as the two-bladed, 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) propellers would permit. One advantage of the triplane layout was that each propeller shaft could be symmetrically braced with a pair of X-shaped struts to the upper and lower wings. One set of Xs joined the forward spars and the other the rear.
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The Bristol 450, seen just after its record-breaking runs in late 1953. The revised front end styling, with deep headlamp fairings is clearly seen, as is the innovative hub/rim wheel construction. The bodywork of the Bristol 450 was very advanced for the early 1950s. As a division of an aircraft manufacturer the Bristol design team had access to the company wind tunnel and the car was designed to be as aerodynamically efficient as possible.
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The ship was originally built in 2014 for SeaTran as a platform supply vessel to support fast crew transport operations. The vessel was named Mr. Steven after Steven Miguez, the father of SeaTran CEO Blake J. Miguez. The vessel subsequently was chartered by SpaceX for an experimental program to provide surface marine "catch and recovery" operations for a test program attempting to bring the large Falcon 9 launch vehicle satellite fairingsseparated at high speed and high altitudethrough atmospheric reentry and parachute descent to the ocean surface in a controlled way, and then recover them for evaluation and potential reuse. Since satellite fairings are traditionally expended into the ocean, the fairings used for these tests were somewhat modified test articles. As part of that effort, Mr. Steven was fitted in July 2018 with four large arms which support an elevated horizontal net, similar to a giant trampoline or trapeze net. In July 2018, Mr. Steven was upgraded and refitted with a much larger net with an area of , four times the original net size.
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The company announced intent to land the fairings eventually on a dry flexible structure, jokingly described by Musk as a "floating bouncy-castle", with the aim of full fairing reuse. With successive tests and refinements on several flights, intact fairing recovery was stated as an objective for 2017, with reflight of a recovered fairing planned in 2018. The "bouncy castle" idea was superseded by a net strung between large arms of a fast platform supply vessel named Mr. Steven (now GO Ms. Tree).
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They were wooden structures, with pairs of spruce box spars and plywood skinning. Narrow-chord ailerons filled the entire trailing edges; the inner parts could also be lowered as camber-changing flaps. On each side a pair of parallel tubular struts from the lower fuselage longeron braced the wing spars. The rear struts, the longer of the two, were aluminium inside wooden streamlined metal fairings; the forward struts, which formed part of the landing gear, were steel and metal-faired.
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It first flew on 3 February 1928, turning in a respectable performance and garnering Boeing a contract for 73 more. F3Bs served as fighter-bombers for some four years with the squadrons VF-2B aboard , VB-2B aboard (later VF-6B), and VB-1B on , during which period some were fitted with Townend rings and others with streamlined wheel fairings. The aircraft remained in first-line service to 1932 and were then retained as "hacks" (command and staff transports) for several more years.
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The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and US light-sport aircraft rules. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by- side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft is made with riveted and bonded aluminum sheet semi-monocoque construction, with a welded steel cockpit cage. The engine cowling and fairings are made from composites, with the cockpit doors fashioned from carbon-fibre.
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Each aircraft would carry four such pods, two on either side, one each in front and behind the two spars. The cylinders were mated to aerodynamic fairings while being prepared on the ground, depending on whether they were going to be on the front or rear of the wing. The wing itself had a "plug" section that locked on onto the pods. When combined on the wing the result was a single streamlined pod about long, about the same length as a 707.
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In the inner part of the wing the webs were also wooden but the outer parts had duralumin webs which were glued to the flanges. The wing were covered with a double plywood layer to optimize finish and small "salmon" fairings were placed at the tips. Split Frise-type ailerons filled the outer third of the trailing edge. Inboard there were laps intended as airbrakes instead of the more usual spoilers, which allowed two water ballast tanks to be placed in the wings.
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A Westland Lysander IIIA preserved at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center ;Lysander Mk.I :Powered by one 890 hp (664 kW) Bristol Mercury XII radial piston engine. Two forward-firing 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns in wheel fairings and one pintle-mounted 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis or Vickers K machine gun in rear cockpit. Optional spat-mounted stub wings carried 500 lb (227 kg) of bombs. Four 20 lb (9 kg) bombs could be carried under rear fuselage.
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Four landing legs extended from fairings on the fuselage sides, retracting to a point about even with the "active" portion of the engine area. Four clusters of small maneuvering engines were located between the legs, about half-way from front to back along the fuselage. A series of six smaller tanks arranged in the gaps between the LOX and LH2 tanks fed the maneuvering engines. SASSTO delivered of cargo to a orbit when launched due east from the Kennedy Space Center.
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The booms supporting the tail were steel, again fabric covered and mounted on the underside of the wing where they were at their deepest. At the forward end they merged into the fairings and mountings of the two outer engines, 300 hp (225 kW) Lorraine Algol radials. A third Algol was mounted centrally, on top of the wing and displaced longitudinally so the airscrew discs overlapped. Rearwards, the booms became more slender and carried the steel framed, fabric covered empennage.
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The XT3D failed to meet the Navy's requirements and after tests was returned to Douglas. It was modified with a more powerful Pratt & Whitney XR-1830-54 radial, and wheel fairings and the two rear cockpits were enclosed. Re-designated XT3D-2, it still failed to pass Navy trials and was not ordered into production. The prototype was used by the Navy for the next ten years for general purpose use until it was relegated as an instructional airframe in 1941.
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Speed skiers wear dense foam fairings on their lower legs and aerodynamic helmets to increase streamlining. Their ski suits are made from air-tight latex or have a polyurethane coating to reduce wind resistance, with only a minimal (but mandatory) back protector to give some protection in the case of a crash. The special skis used must be long and at most wide with a maximum weight of for the pair. Ski boots are attached to the skis by bindings.
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Cornish fairings are sweet and spicy ginger biscuits, made with standard biscuit ingredients such as flour, caster sugar and butter, together with mixed spice, ginger, cinnamon and golden syrup. They are roughly circular and brittle similar to gingerbread. They are created by mixing the dry ingredients with butter, until the mixture resembles bread crumbs, then adding the sugar and syrup before forming the biscuits and baking high in the oven, followed by a period at the bottom of the oven.
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Spectrum of aircraft design concepts. From left to right: conventional airliner (Boeing 757), blended wing body (B-1 Lancer), flying wing with bulged fairings (B-2 Spirit), and almost clean flying wing (Northrop YB-49). The BWB form minimises the total wetted area - the surface area of the aircraft skin, thus reducing skin drag to a minimum. It also creates a thickening of the wing root area, allowing a more efficient structure and reduced weight compared to a conventional craft.
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Though the MN-A and the Maillet 20 had much in common, one obvious difference was in the landing gear. Both designs had mainwheels on vertical legs from the outer part of the wing inner section but the earlier model also had diagonal V-struts from axles to lower fuselage, whereas those of the Maillet 20 were cantilevers, without struttage. The legs had Messier oleo shock absorbers and mounted the wheels in forks. Both legs and wheels were enclosed in fairings.
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The A design appears not to have been put into production. Disc wheels and wheel fairings have since been used in Land speed record attempts, early motor racing, armoured cars, aviation, motorcycle speedway, wheelchair racing, icetrack cycling, velomobiles and bicycle racing, particularly track cycling, track bikes and time trials. Hick's wheel design was used on a number of Great Western Railway engines including what may have been the world's first streamlined locomotive; an experimental prototype, nicknamed Grasshoper, driven by Brunel at , c.1847.
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Its wooden framed, two spar, rectangular plan wings had the same airfoil section along the span; the upper and lower planes had the same span and chord. They formed an unstaggered, interplane gap, two bay structure braced with two parallel pairs of vertical interplane struts on each side. These struts had wooden box cores and were enclosed in duralumin sheet, airfoil section fairings. The E-5 had a span centre section without dihedral and outer sections with about 2° of dihedral.
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An emergency flotation system was originally installed in the stub wing fairings of the main landing gear; however, it was found to be impractical and possibly impede emergency egress, and thus was subsequently removed. Five YSH-60B Seahawk LAMPS III prototypes were ordered. The first YSH-60B flight occurred on 12 December 1979. The first production SH-60B made its first flight on 11 February 1983. The SH-60B entered operational service in 1984 with first operational deployment in 1985.
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In response, Mitsubishi submitted a design based on their unsuccessful 7-shi entry, the 3MT10. However, instead of the bulky Rolls-Royce Buzzard V-12, a less powerful but lighter experimental Mitsubishi 8-Shi radial engine was fitted.Despite having an expected power rating of , substantially less than the of the Buzzard, the much reduced weight enabled the designer Hajime Matsuhara to substantially reduce the total weight of the aircraft by . Weight-saving measures included introducing aluminium wings and removing the wheel fairings.
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During the 1980s Chris had a motor cycle shop in Earl Shilton,Motorcycle News, 3 November 1982, p.25 Super Mart advertising Chris Vincent M/C, High Street, Earl Shilton, Leicester, LE9 7DH. " the 100% Yamaha Centre". Yamaha LC250/350 Belly Pans, matching fairings available. Retrieved 24 April 2014 Leicestershire where he still lives Birmingham History.Retrieved 3 September 2013 His sons Max (born 1969) and Jason (born 1972) were both established as solo motorcycle road- racers by the 1990 season.
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Major suppliers will be picked among 169 companies by the end of 2018, as detailed design should be completed and a joint engineering center in Moscow with a branch in Shanghai will oversee development, employing around 100 engineers from both countries. Comac's will be in charge of the fuselage sections, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, wing fairings, nose cone and landing gear; UAC will develop the composite wing, wing flap systems, engine pylons and main landing gear, with Chinese manufacture if it is cheaper.
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Baker and Eichstadt also wrote, in 2005: :The ISS utilizes the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) as the primary payload and experiment accommodations structure in all US operated modules. Transferring ISPRs onto and off the ISS requires passage through the hatch only found at the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) berthing locations. The diameter of the CBM combined with ISPR proportions typically drives cargo vehicle diameters to sizes only accommodated by 5 m payload fairings launched on Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles (EELV).
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KSAS converted Wackett C/N 299 to become the first KS-3 Cropmaster, and it had its first flight on 29 November 1957. All KS-3 airframes were converted from war-surplus Wackett airframes. The changes included reducing the wing and tail-plane incidence, covering the fixed leading-edge slots, removing the rounded wing- tip fairings, adding a 13 cubic foot (400 litre) aluminium chemical hopper in place of the rear seat and modifying the control routes around the hopper outlet.
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The engines were mounted ahead of the leading edges in long fairings that also housed the main landing gear. The oil radiators were nearby in the leading edges of the outer wing panels which tapered strongly to semi-elliptical tips and had about 5° dihedral. Their fuselages were oval in cross-section and tapered rearwards to pointed extremities. Each had a glazed or semi-glazed nose and a cockpit, under raised, multi-part glazing, placed ahead of the leading edge.
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Aviation Week said the helicopter appeared to be a significantly modified MH-60 Black Hawk. Serial numbers found at the scene were consistent with an MH-60 built in 2009. Its performance during the operation confirmed that a stealth helicopter could evade detection in a militarily sensitive, densely populated area. Photos showed that the Black Hawk's tail had stealth-configured shapes on the boom and the fairings, swept stabilizers and a "hubcap" over the noise-reducing five- or six-blade tail rotor.
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The SR-1 Snoshoo features a cantilever mid-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing covered in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer fairings ahead of the wing and doped aircraft fabric aft. Its span wing is made from Sitka spruce wood, has no flaps and has a wing area of . The cockpit width is .
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The Albert A-20 had a cantilever, one-piece, thick section, high wing with a convex leading edge and a straight, unswept trailing edge, similar to the wings of the Albert TE.1 and Albert A-10. Narrow-chord ailerons occupied all the trailing edge. The wing structure included multiple spruce and plywood box-spars and variable thickness ply skin. It was powered by two wing-mounted Walter NZ 60 five- cylinder radial engines with their mountings enclosed in streamlined aluminium fairings.
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In August 1977, Richard B. Russell was fitted with a large housing attached to her hull just aft of her sail, containing a tethered antenna buoy that was under development. The housing, called a "bustle" (and particularly the "Russell bustle"), gave her a unique profile and her nickname became "Dickey "B"." Later submarine classes would have their antenna buoy housings built into their hull fairings. One point of interest about the fitting of the bustle came about as it was being installed.
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The Road Glide and Road Glide Ultra Classic have a frame-mounted fairing, referred to as the "Sharknose". The Sharknose includes a unique, dual front headlight. Touring models are distinguishable by their large saddlebags, rear coil-over air suspension and are the only models to offer full fairings with radios and CBs. All touring models use the same frame, first introduced with a Shovelhead motor in 1980, and carried forward with only modest upgrades until 2009, when it was extensively redesigned.
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This section refers to recumbent bicycles without additional aerodynamic enclosures. Amongst the various racing associations that host racing events for such bicycles, these are called Stock Recumbents or Unfaired Recumbents. The hour record for recumbent bicycles without aerodynamic fairings, set by Francis Faure in 1933, was broken in 2007 by Sean Costin, who covered 48.80 km (28.46 mi) on the 382m outdoor concrete velodrome in Northbrook, Illinois. Costin then rode 47.89 km (29.76 mi) on the 250m indoor wooden velodrome at the ADT Event Center in California.
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From 1980 to 1985 Vetter turned his attention to attaining increased fuel economy by way of streamlined fairings, sponsoring the Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge where contestants were able to enter their own original design concepts. After a 25-year break, the contest resumed from 2011 with revised Vetter Fuel Challenge rules allowing for alternative fuel categories and requiring street usability including goods-carrying capability."Crossing America side by side in the Vetter Fuel Economy Challenges" , Craig Vetter's official website. Retrieved 2013-05-27.
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The Shearwater is an amphibious light aeroplane of mainly fibreglass construction. Seating for four is provided in an enclosed cabin, above and behind which is mounted a pusher powerplant. To accommodate the propellor, the rear fuselage is cut down with an indented vee shaped upper profile, which blends smoothly into a V-tail. The planing hull is stabilised in the water by wingtip floats, while a wheeled undercarriage is hinged on either side of the hull and retracts upward and backwards into the wing root attachment fairings.
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One of the major modifications made during the rebuild involved installing a more powerful Wright R-3350 (from a Douglas Skyraider) in place of the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine that is standard for a Bearcat. A Douglas DC-7 propeller and cowl were used and Shelton bought the landing gear fairings and doors from the wreck of Bob Kucera's Bearcat. Bill Fornoff loaned him a left wing panel and Gunter Balz supplied a rudder. The windshield and canopy were supplied by Edward T. Maloney.
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The design was based on the HeS 30 not only to make parts more readily available as well as to make direct comparisons between the two easier. The main changes were to reduce the compression ratio of the compressor to about 2:1 (from 2.8:1), and add the new combustion chambers. The new chambers were considerably larger than the originals, forcing a reduction in the number from ten to six burners. The valve stems projected forward into streamlined fairings in the intake area behind the compressor.
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Although these modifications reduced the numbers of Typhoons being lost due to tail assembly failure, towards the end of the Typhoon's life there were more tail failures, this time caused by a change to the undercarriage latch mechanism in late 1944; in high-speed flight the undercarriage fairings were pulled into the slipstream, creating an uneven airflow over the elevators and rudder resulting in tailplane and then rear fuselage structural failure. In total 25 aircraft were lost and 23 pilots killed due to tail failures.
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A single, experimental 4-4-4, classified as S 2/6, was built for the Royal Bavarian State Railway Company in 1906 by the firm of J.A. Maffei. It was successful in an experimental sense but was too light to haul passenger trains of useful capacity. It was fast, attaining on test, and was semi-streamlined with a pointed nosecone and fairings around the cylinders, stack and dome, and slanted-back cab windows. It inspired the later Bavarian S 3/6 4-6-2 "Pacifics".
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The cabin seats the pilot and three passengers in two side-by-side rows, accessed by three doors. Its fixed tricycle undercarriage has spring cantilever main legs and a castoring nosewheel. All wheels have speed fairings. The P2010 was first seen in public at AERO Friedrichshafen 2011 and first flew on 12 April 2012. The company initially planned to have US FAR Part 23 certification completed by November 2012 and said it would refund deposits if the aircraft was not certified by the end of 2014.
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The fixed main landing gear had mainwheels on a single axle, with shock absorbers within a streamlined housing that joined the landing legs. The legs were also enclosed in fairings. The exact date of the de Monge's first flight is not known but was before mid-July 1921, when Bernard de Romanet flew it at Orly. Development flights continued into September without reported problems, but on 23 September de Romanet flew it as a monoplane, with the lower wings removed, for the first time.
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The fairings behind them extended around the wings and beyond as booms; at their rear, rectangular fixed tailplanes linked the booms to the fuselage. A straight tapered fin and rudder with trim tabs was mounted at the end of each boom with a constant chord, round tipped main tailplane mounted on top of them, carrying a one- piece elevator. The wings were mid-mounted and strongly tapered with slightly swept leading edges and marked curvature on the trailing edges. They were fitted with tabbed ailerons and flaps.
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The Sachs MadAss is an underbone motorcycle available in a or assembled in Malaysia and manufactured in China and distributed by German automotive company Sachs Motorcycles since 2004. The engine is based on the popular horizontal one cylinder originally used in Honda mopeds and small motorcycles from the late 1960s. It incorporates the fuel tank into the frame and has no external bodywork or fairings. It has a stainless steel under-seat exhaust, a four-speed manual gearbox or automatic transmission and dual hydraulic disc brake.
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Specifically, it counteracts and breaks up drag-generating shock waves that are generally produced by the flow of air as it moves towards the trailing edge of the wing, reducing negative buffeting tendencies and increasing aerodynamic efficiency. Testing determined that such devices resulted in a significant drop in wave drag across various wing configurations. In addition to its traditional wave drag minimising function, anti-shock bodies can also serve a dual purpose as undercarriage bogie fairings, or for housing equipment such as chaff dispensers.
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The Solairus was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . The aircraft design features a strut-braced topless hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel fairings and a single engine in pusher configuration. The aircraft wing is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth.
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The earliest Su-24 had a box-like rear fuselage, which was soon changed in production to a rear exhaust shroud more closely shaped around the engines in order to reduce drag. The revised aircraft also gained three side-by-side antenna fairings in the nose, a repositioned braking chute, and a new ram-air inlet at the base of the tail fin. The revised aircraft were dubbed "Fencer-B" by NATO, but did not merit a new Soviet designation. An Su-24 in flight (2009).
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Clouds of smoke around the 323rd Delta rocket on launch pad 17B ATK produces Graphite Epoxy Motors (GEM) and largest composite fairings for the Delta II rocket as a subcontractor for the United Launch Alliance. As of June 2014, ATK has produced 987 solid rocket boosters for Delta II missions. These strap-on boosters, known as GEM-40s, add 434,000 pounds to the Delta II's maximum thrust. The GEM-40s can be used in groups of three, four, and nine depending on the weight of the payload.
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The two 1,125 hp (840 kW) Hispano-Suiza 14Aa engines were conventionally mounted on the forward wing spar with long- chord cowlings, driving variable-pitch propellers of opposite handedness. The engine fairings extended further rearwards below the wing than above to house the retracted undercarriage legs with their single wheels. The tailplane and elevator narrowed only slightly, ending with vertical surfaces that extended only upwards, unlike the typical endplate fins of the period which also reached below the tailplane. Both rudders and elevators had trim tabs.
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105 utilised the fuselage, tail unit and engines from Miles Aerovan Mk.4 G-AOJF, fitted with a Hurel designed span 20.5:1 aspect ratio wing of NACA laminar flow sections, supported on aerofoil section lifting struts. The wings were fitted with double-slotted flaps actuated by Miles electric actuators from the original Aerovan. Roll control was by differential ailerons and inter- connected upper-surface spoilers. With no room for fuel in the slender wings, fuel tanks were fitted in the vertical undercarriage strut fairings.
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At the end of that year he retired at the age of 46. His victory in Argentina made him the oldest rider to have won a Grand Prix motorcycle race in any class, a record that stands to this day. Wheeler continued to develop the long-outdated Moto Guzzi (which ceased production around 1953) all through his career, using home built streamlined 'dustbin' and 'dolphin' fairings and along with Ken Sprayson at Reynolds tubing (Reynolds Tubes Co LtdMotorcycle Sport, August 1969, p.314 Frames Unlimited.
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Flight testing led to production variants with conventional tails. The Lom 55 and three of its five production variants had a wingspan of but the Lom 58 and 58/I were Standard Class gliders with spans. The final variant, the Lom 58/II, had a span laminar flow wing. The wood and fabric Libelle had a two-piece, mid-mounted, single spar wing of trapezoidal plan out to slightly blunted tips, apart from those of the two Standard class variants which ended in salmon tip fairings.
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Below these, steeply angled stabilizing floats were attached close to the lower wing underside with short struts. To minimise hangar space, the outer wings could be folded back alongside the hull. The Hy.479 was powered by a pair of Gnome & Rhône 9A Jupiter nine-cylinder radial engines strut-mounted midway between the wings immediately below the end of the upper centre-section, placing them as close together as the propellers allowed. The engines were uncowled, though their accessories were placed behind them under conical fairings.
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A Moto Guzzi Ambassador sidecar rig with a crash bar. Crash bars aim to protect motorcycle engines and body panels and are believed to protect the rider. The Hurt Report (1981) found that "Crash bars are not an effective injury countermeasure; the reduction of injury to the ankle-foot is balanced by increase of injury to the thigh-upper leg, knee, and lower leg". They are less popular now than they used to be; vulnerable engines and fairings are sometimes protected by frame sliders instead.
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On the wings the plywood was stress bearing. Camber changing gear linked the neutral position of the ailerons and the angle of incidence of the tailplane; the ailerons maintained their normal opposing deflections for lateral control. The fixed, conventional undercarriage took advantage of the inverted gull wing by placing the main legs at the lowest points of the wings, keeping the legs short and the track wide. Shallow, full chord fairings enclosed the legs and part of the mainwheels, which had rubber shock absorbers and brakes.
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These slots and wing-root fairings fitted to the forward fuselage and leading edge of the radiator intakes, stopped some of the vibration experienced, but did not cure the tailplane buffeting.Thirsk 2006, pp. 28–29. In February 1941, buffeting was eliminated by incorporating triangular fillets on the trailing edge of the wings and lengthening the nacelles, the trailing edge of which curved up to fair into the fillet some behind the wing's trailing edge; this meant the flaps had to be divided into inboard and outboard sections.
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The velomobile fairing adds weight compared to standard upright cycles or unfaired recumbent cycles. For a given terrain, the added weight demands lower gearing and makes the velomobile slower climbing hills than its unfaired counterpart. Some velomobile fairings are mainly for weather protection. However, if the velomobile fairing is substantially streamlined, then improved aerodynamics means the speeds on flats and down hills may be substantially higher than its unfaired counterpart, and often enough faster to make up for the slower climbing due to weight.
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A month after the first flight, the existence of the P.1040 was revealed to the general public.Mason 1966, p. 5. Early flight trials encountered aerodynamically-related teething problems, such as airframe vibrations and tail buffeting, which led to a redesign of the rear jet pipe fairings and the addition of a bullet-shaped anti-shock body on the tail. Other minor issues were addressed, including high stick forces and windsceen distortion; VP401 needed long take-off runs which were attributed to the "low-thrust" Nene 1.
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The system had been experimentally flown in other aircraft, but these were all biplanes, and the condensers and collector tank for the condensed water were all mounted in the upper wing. In the Type 224 the collector tanks were in the undercarriage fairings, and, as the condensed water was nearly at boiling point, it was liable to turn to steam under any slight change of pressure; this frequently occurred in the water pumps and would cause them to stop working.Price 1986, pp. 12–13.
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The Pobjoy drove a two-bladed propeller. The main wheels, which were provided with brakes, were mounted at the end of the wing centre section, each between pairs of compression legs. Pairs of cross braced struts, joining the legs a little way above the axle and hinged at top and bottom, rotated to retract the wheels rearwards. As on the Streak, the retracted wheels protruded to give some protection in a wheels up landing, but on the Kite there were small fairings ahead of them.
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The Shershen' is a development of the company's earlier Retro. It is a kit built tandem seat single bay biplane; the prototype, Shershen'-3 and -14 have V-form interplane struts, their forward members in broad chord fairings, but the Shershen'-2 has more slender, N-form struts. All have diagonal flying wire bracing and an upper wing 8° of quarter-chord sweep, with an unswept lower wing. The -2 is rigged with 3° of dihedral (aircraft) on the upper wing and 2.33° on the lower one.
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Despite good results from flight testing, the I-215 lost out in production orders to the newer generation of swept-winged fighters.Gordon & Kommissarov 2014, pp. 410–11, 414–16, 422 A second I-215 was built to an order from OKB-1 as the I-215D (dooblyor, second prototype), to evaluate the bicycle or tandem landing gear configuration. It used wider-diameter paired wheels in a tandem arrangement that retracted into the fuselage, along with small outrigger wheels under the engine nacelles which retracted into fairings.
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The fuselage was constructed using chrome-moly steel tubing covered with doped cotton fabric and the wings and empennage were constructed of spruce and mahogany plywood box spars and plywood ribs and skins, also covered with fabric. The use of aluminum, which was in critically short supply and more urgently needed for other aircraft, was limited to the engine cowling, tail cone, framework for the ailerons, rudder and elevator and the landing gear fairings. The L-5 was powered by a six-cylinder 190 horsepower Lycoming O-435 engine.
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Despite the use of a new engine, XRE0 was using the old RGV500 Gamma Chassis, which was later criticized as a big mistake by many MotoGP analysts. Using the chassis and fairings that were previously made for the two-stroke RGV500 engine, XRE0 was hampered by many stability issues. The use of RGV500 Tyre spec was another mistake. Despite all of that, XRE0 was able to taste its first podium (2nd place) on the opening round at Suzuka and got third place at Rio in the same year.
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The undercarriage was altered into a similar form to that of the AS-37B though without the wheel fairings. This version was renamed the Starck-Nickel SN.01. The SN.01 was active until at least 1998 but is now (2012) a museum display item, see below; the third airframe (the second AS-37B) also survives in a museum (Muséum Régional de l'Air, Angers) but is not on public display. Though plans for 23 aircraft had been sold by 1980, it seems only one more, the second AS-37B, was completed.
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It is also capable of performing short takeoffs while maintaining the speed and comfort levels normally associated with larger jetliners. Challengers can be identified visually from their peers by their distinctive double slotted hinged flap arrangement, where the fairings can be seen below the wings, a configuration that was much more common on commercial airliners. The Challenger's wing has been referred to as being a modified NACA symmetrical aerofoil. Akin to other supercritical wings, it features a rounded leading edge, an inverted camber, a blunt trailing edge and scalloping of the underside.
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The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The ST-4 Aztek features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants, a small tailskid and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing with fairings made from fibreglass and its flying surfaces are covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing mounts flaps and has a wing area of .
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Electron is designed to launch a payload to a Sun-synchronous orbit, suitable for CubeSats and other small payloads. In October 2018 Rocket Lab opened a factory large enough to produce more than 50 rockets per year according to the company. Customers may choose to encapsulate their spacecraft in payload fairings provided by the company, which can be easily attached to the rocket shortly before launch. The starting price for delivering payloads to orbit is about $7.5 million per launch, which offers the only dedicated service at this price point.
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1995 Cagiva Mito Evolution I In 1994 the bike was restyled by Massimo Tamburini with similar lines to the then new Ducati 916, a design he also penned. The similarity is particularly visible in the front and rear fairings. The Evo I is identified by the 3 spoke rims and the 7 speed gearbox, grey lower panels, solid colours on the tail section. The Evo II is identified by the 6 spoke rims and the 6 speed gearbox, solid colour lower panels, white area on the tail section.
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The tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and its angle of incidence could be adjusted in flight; it was braced on each side at the apex of a V-strut from the lower fuselage. The Potez 51 had fixed landing gear, with mainwheels on cranked axles and drag struts from the lower fuselage; near vertical shock absorbing legs were attached to the forward wing struts, reinforced at their tops by struts inwards to the upper fuselage. The wheels were enclosed in semi-circular fairings. There was a short tailskid.
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The Grunau 9 was a German single seat trainer glider, one of the first of a group that later became known as primary gliders. It was developed by Edmund Schneider from Alexander Lippisch's Djävlar Anamma (, ) via the Espenlaub primary. The Grunau 9 was produced in numbers and was sold widely.In front of the Werfthalle GrunauAfter crash landing Grunau 9 with streamlined fairings The core of the flat frame fuselage was formed with a horizontal beam about long, to which two other converging struts were attached, making overall a vertical A-frame.
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Supermarine Aircraft is not related to the original British Supermarine company, although the owners of the Supermarine marque have given their permission for the name to be used. The first production model was named the Spitfire Mk25 and was a 75% scale replica of the original Supermarine Spitfire design. The stressed skin structure consists of 2024 aluminium alloy skins, formers and longerons with some fibre-glass mouldings for parts such as fairings and air scoops. The design features electrically-operated retractable undercarriage, with differential braking to the main wheels, and landing flaps.
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The Knight was a conventional looking low-wing monoplane, with a fixed tailwheel landing gear, the main legs housed in trouser fairings and powered by a nose-mounted 90 hp (67 kW) Blackburn Cirrus Minor piston engine. It had an enclosed cabin with side-by-side seating for two. It had an unusual wing construction which used four spars and interspars instead of ribs. Though the wing was made of wood throughout, with a stressed plywood skin, the purpose of its novel construction was to explore methods suitable for later use with plastic materials.
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" Flight International, 10 January 1996. In 1996, it was announced that PZL had developed an improved version of the aircraft, known as the PZL-104MA Wilga 2000. The Wilga 2000 family benefitted from various improvements, it adopted an American Lycoming O-540 engine, capable of generating a maximum of 225 kW (300 hp), along with an AlliedSignal-Bendix avionics suite and a new wing, the latter of which offered increased fuel capacity and endurance, as well with aerodynamic refinements, such as fairings around the undercarriage."PZL-Okecie lifts Wilga.
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The primary mission of the Defiant was the destruction of incoming enemy bombers. The principal armament of the aircraft is its powered dorsal turret, equipped with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns. The fuselage was fitted with aerodynamic fairings that helped mitigate the drag of the turret; they were pneumatically powered and could be lowered into the fuselage so that the turret could rotate freely. The Brownings were electrically fired and insulated cut-off points in the turret ring prevented the guns firing when they were pointing at the propeller disc or tailplane.
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It was sturdier, the proliferation of bracing wires were testimony to this. Constructed of metal, possibly steel tubing as opposed to bamboo in his earlier aeroplanes, although James Manson claims the tubing was duralumin. Its wings were of conventional design; the bracing struts were fitted with streamlined aerofoil shaped fairings, made from aluminium or wood and covered in fabric, canvas according to Manson, which was sewn into place by himself. Watson's big No.3 was powered by a British Anzani 45 hp six cylinder two-row radial engine.
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Both horizontal and vertical surfaces were strongly tapered, particularly on the leading edges, with a broad tailplane and fin but with small, inset elevators and rudder. The Aviméta 88 had independent bungee-sprung wheels on legs enclosed in tapered trouser fairings attached to the lower longerons at the bottom of the wing struts. The Aviméta 88 was on show at the December 1926 Paris Aero Salon. It may not have flown by that date, and rather little is known about its later history, though it gave a "pretty impressive" display at Villacoublay in September 1927.
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The G-15 had a fixed, wide track tail skid undercarriage, with its vertical, wing-mounted main legs in trouser type fairings which widened to form spats enclosing the wheels. The G-15 was built at the glider works in Moscow in 1934. Both its design and performance were praised but, like most of Gribovsky's designs, it was not put into production. The sole example is known to have made a successful forced landing after an engine failure during a 1935 flight near Moscow, but it is not known if it flew again.
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The machines were built at the Cagiva Research Center in San Marino. These are considered by to be the most race-oriented F4's made. The Veltro Strada is equipped with a full complement of carbon fibre (fairings, tail, airbox, mud guards, fenders, air ducts, heat shield) and magnesium frame plates. In addition to the parts found on the Veltro Strada, the Veltro Pista is equipped with an oversized radiator, carbon fibre fuel tank, and a magnesium triple clamp and swinging arm, which brings the weight down to 350lb (159 kg).
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The ZRX1100 and the later ZRX1200 were styled like 1980s muscle bikes, which were large bikes with large engines. They were also considered Universal Japanese Motorcycles. The Suzuki Bandit 1200 has been credited with leading this niche, taking a large-displacement from an early air/oil-cooled engined race replica sport bike and detuning the engine for greater low-rpm torque and easier riding, replacing the aluminum frame with steel, and leaving off the full fairings, lowering cost while losing road racing focus in favor of all-around street sport riding.
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They had laminar flow profiles and were tetrahedral in plan out to small salmon tip fairings. Each wing carried a two part aileron and three part flap, all sandwich-cored metal structures. Its all-metal, semi-monocoque fuselage was slender, with a maximum cross-sectional area of 0.36 m2 This was achieved by giving the pilot a strongly reclined position under a two-piece canopy that occupied almost all the fuselage forward of the wing leading edge. Unusually, the cockpit was equipped with oxygen for high altitude flight.
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Though it was not seriously damaged in the landing, its designers decided to convert the M.N.3 into a two-seater, designated the M.N.4. Partly because they were busy working on their final joint design, the Medwecki and Nowakowski M.N.5, and partly because of the closure of Samolot, the conversion was not completed until 1932. The main improvement was replacement of the Anzani engine by a Cirrus III upright four- cylinder, air-cooled inline. In addition, the front cockpit and the wing strut fairings were removed.
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F700GS The F800GS was refreshed for the 2013 model year, and the F700GS replaced the F650GS. Changes for 2013 included: power increase of and on the F700 compared to the F650; standard ABS on all models and twin disc brakes on the F700; introduction of optional Electronic Suspension Adjustment (ESA) and Automatic Stability Control (F800 only); new generation handlebar switches and controls; updated instrument dials and standard fuel/temperature gauges; smoke grey turn indicators and rear LED light; new front fairings and paint finishes; and lowered suspension available for the first time on F800.
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The fins could be rotated from the cockpit and locked to cope with the asymmetry. The lower part of the fuselage was built on the same four longerons as in the Bourges, giving it a rectangular look, but the upper part was built up with fairings so that the fuselage entirely filled the gap between the wings. Needing no gunner's position, the nose of the Atlantic was rounded off. Above it and in front of the wings the pilot's cockpit was, unusually for its day enclosed with a canopy, giving him an excellent protected view.
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The 2014 S1000RR saw some more minor updates and the first race- ABS as standard. The handlebars were also slightly modified, as well as some very minor changes to the fairings. The HP4 variant was sold for the second year with no major changes; available at extra cost was a premium package which included HP carbon engine spoiler and trim, HP folding clutch and brake levers, HP adjustable rider footrests, standard forged wheels finished in Racing Blue Metallic, a decal kit, heated grips, a pillion rider kit and an anti-theft alarm.
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The stern was strengthened at critical points, new bulwark fairings were added, and an H-bitt was installed through which cabling is threaded to keep it centered during towing operations. Also installed was a hydraulic towing winch, referred to as a double-drum waterfall winch, holding or more of wire rope on each drum. One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing. Freedom Star had been used to support scientific research operations including research for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and several universities.
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Chesterfield was a sponsor of Max Biaggi's Aprilia RSV 250 from the 1994 to the 1996 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season in the 250cc World Championship. The livery of the bike was totally black with the mark on the side fairings. In the same years, Aprilia adopted the same livery in the series production of its RS road bikes (in the 50, 125 and 250 cylinder sizes). The success was so great that even today Italians are used to say "La Chesterfield" to refer to the Aprilia RS models of those years.
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The wings were braced with steel V-struts, individually enclosed in wooden fairings, from the two wing spars to a framework under the fuselage where their vertices were transversely joined by a horizontal steel bar. The Invincible was designed to accept two engines of significantly different power and cost. These were the LeBlond 90-7D, a seven-cylinder radial engine or the Curtiss Challenger, a six-cylinder, two row radial. The Challenger-powered version could carry four, one more than that with the Leblond engine, but cost $7,800 rather than $5,500.
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The rudder alone was horn balanced. The pilot's cockpit, placed at the wing trailing edge was enclosed and neatly glazed for its day with a single piece Perspex windscreen and separate cover. The Hobby was fitted with flaps and a retractable undercarriage, both hydraulically operated. The main undercarriage legs were mounted almost at mid-span, giving the Hobby a wide track, and when retracted the wheels were completely enclosed by a combination of fairings on the undercarriage legs and separate fairing which filled in the remaining semicircular gap.
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The D.H.86 was initially styled the Express or Express Air Liner, although the name was soon discontinued. The D.H.86 was conceptually a four-engined enlargement of the successful de Havilland Dragon, but of more streamlined appearance with tapered wings and extensive use of metal fairings around struts and undercarriage. The most powerful engine made by de Havilland, the new 200 hp (149 kW) Gipsy Six, was selected. For long-range work the aircraft was to carry a single pilot in the streamlined nose, with a wireless operator behind.
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The first prototype was basically the P.6 with a more powerful Bristol Jupiter VII F engine. Due to the use of a supercharger, it had better performance at higher altitudes. The prototype P.7/I was first flown in October 1930 by Bolesław Orliński. Initially, engine cylinders had individual cylinder clearance fairings. After some changes, most noticeably adding a wide Townend ring to the engine and making the tail slimmer, the second prototype P.7/II, built in autumn 1931, was accepted for production with the designation P.7a.
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It quickly became apparent that the British production lines of the S.VII had lower quality standards than their French counterparts, resulting in aircraft with degraded performances and handling. Poor fabric sewing, fragile tailskids and radiators of insufficient effectiveness plagued the British SPADs. Photographic evidence shows that a number of British SPADs had the cylinder banks fairings, or even the entire upper engine cowling, cut out to compensate for the ill-functioning radiators. Most British S.VIIs were used for training purposes, front line units being equipped with French-built models.
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The 2015 Ducati Multistrada 1200 was redesigned with new fairings and the Desmodromic Variable Timing (DVT) motor using hydraulically actuated adjusters to vary timing thru 90° of camshaft rotation. The new motor has a claimed and torque and 8% better fuel mileage as well as a longer maintenance schedule (18,600 miles for valve adjustments). There is a new 5-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measuring pitch, roll and yaw to enhance ABS (cornering ABS), DTC and Skyhook. It also enables Ducati Wheelie Control (DWC), and cornering lights that activate at over and 7° lean angle.
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In 1957, owing to personal intervention by injured Gilera works rider Geoff Duke, McIntyre was offered a ride on the four cylinder Gileras for the Isle of Man TT. Race week began with the Junior TT. He broke the lap record with a and his race average was . In celebration of the Golden Jubilee, the Senior was run over eight laps, a race of . The Gileras had pannier fuel tanks built into the side of the fairings to carry extra fuel. The extra fuel weight didn't stop him from making a first lap.
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Adolf Galland flew a U7 in the spring of 1943. The A-4/U8 was the Jabo-Rei (Jagdbomber Reichweite, long-range fighter-bomber), adding a 300 L (80 US gal) drop tank under each wing, on VTr-Ju 87 racks with duralumin fairings produced by Weserflug, and a centerline bomb rack. The outer wing- mounted 20 mm MG FF/M cannon and the cowling-mounted 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 were removed to save weight. The A-4/U8 served as the model for the Fw 190 G-1.
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Neither wing was directly fuselage mounted but instead held off by pairs of N-form struts on each side. Those joining the lower wing to the low-mid fuselage were longer than those of the cabane and the lower forward component was itself a close pair. Both upper and lower wings had the common cut-outs to improve the pilot's vision but the H.31 had a forward, full chord slot between the upper wings as well. The Salmson engine was close cowled with fairings over each cylinder and drove a two blade propeller.
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Bōsōzoku style traditionally involves boilersuits similar to those of manual laborers or leather military jackets with baggy pants, and tall boots. This uniform became known as the tokkō-fuku (特攻服, "special attack clothing") and is often adorned with kanji slogans. Typical accessories to this uniform are hachimaki, surgical masks, and patches displaying the Japanese Imperial Flag. Bōsōzoku members are known for taking a Japanese Road Bike and adding modifications such as over-sized fairings, lifted handle bars shifted inwards, large seat backs, extravagant paint jobs, and modified mufflers.
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Honda Gold Wing GL1800 touring motorcycle Although any motorcycle can be equipped and used for touring, touring motorcycles are specifically designed to excel at covering long distances. They have large- displacement engines, fairings and screens that offer good weather and wind protection, large-capacity fuel tanks for long ranges between fill-ups, and a relaxed, upright seating position. Passenger accommodation is excellent and expansive luggage space is the norm for this class. Such bikes can have wet weights of and top fully loaded with a rider, passenger and gear.
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These fairings are a trade-off in advantages, as they increase the frontal and surface area, but also provide a smooth surface, a faired nose and tail for laminar flow, in an attempt to reduce the turbulence created by the round wheel and its associated gear legs and brakes. They also have the important function of preventing mud and stones from being thrown upwards against the wings or fuselage, or into the propeller on a pusher craft.Bingelis, Tony: Sportplane Construction Techniques, pages 125-130. Experimental Aircraft Association Aviation Foundation, 1986.
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The pilot and observer/gunner sat close together in separate open cockpits, with the pilot directly under the upper wings. Despite transparent panels built into the upper wings, the pilot's view was very poor.Bruce 1969, pp. 118–120. The F.B.24C was similar to the Hispano- Suiza powered aircraft, but was slightly larger and heavier, and was powered by a 275 hp (205 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 8Bd water-cooled V8, with the cylinder blocks being enclosed in bulky fairings that protruded from the upper corners of the cowling, further restricting the pilot's view.
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Unable to incorporate full front fairings over the front wheels to reduce drag. The limiting factor is that the wheels are so close to the side of the vehicle, that when turning to pass the figure eight test, the apex of the wheel almost leaves the shadow cast by the car. It might be possible to still incorporate a full fairing, but it would be hard to interface it nicely with the shell. For the future, the suggestion is designing the fairing with the shell and molding them together, or as two separate parts.
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A G-II (N10123, cn 107) had tip tanks added containing ground mapping radar, along with fairings on the wing undersurface and a centerline pod. This aircraft operated as the Calgis Geosar and formerly owned by Earthdata Aviation, Fugro, and sold 2017. The aircraft is still in service as of April, 2018.'GeoSAR: Geographic Synthetic Aperture Radar' Retrieved 28 June 2011. A G-II (N105TB, cn 31) had underwing pylons and various fuselage appendages added to enable it to operate as a sensor testbed for MIT Lincoln Labs.
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In December 2007, TerraCycle acquired FastBack Systems, a recumbent cycling hydration system and frame pack manufacturer out of Fort Collins, Colorado. Mike Vogl, the founder of FastBack, said in a press release: "We’ve grown quickly, and the demands of the business require increasing time and resources." TerraCycle has continued producing the lines of packs and bags, expanded the line to include other products and begun selling the FastBack line in Europe. In December 2009, TerraCycle acquired WindWrap, a maker of fairings for recumbent cycles based in Eureka, California.
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The M.11 Whitney Straight was designed by F.G. Miles of Philips and Powis as the result of collaboration with Whitney Straight, a Grand Prix motor racing driver, aviator and businessman. The aim was to provide comfortable accommodation for pilot, passenger and luggage in an enclosed 'side-by-side' cockpit. It was a low-wing monoplane, with fixed main undercarriage in aerodynamic fairings plus a fixed tailwheel. Construction was mainly of wood, with spruce frames and three-ply birch covering, and the wings had vacuum-operated split flaps.
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Developed at the Curtiss-Wright St. Louis factory, the CW-22 was developed from the CW-19 via the single-seat CW-21 light fighter-interceptor. The prototype first flew in 1940. With less power and performance than the CW-21, the two-seat, low-wing, all-metal CW-A22 had retractable tailwheel landing gear, with the main gear retracting rearward into underwing fairings. The CW-22 was seen as either a civilian sport or training monoplane or suitable as a combat trainer, reconnaissance and general-purpose aircraft for military use.
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The Spitfire had detachable wing tips which were secured by two mounting points at the end of each main wing assembly. When the Spitfire took on a role as a high-altitude fighter (Marks VI and VII and some early Mk VIIIs), the standard wing tips were replaced by extended, "pointed" tips which increased the wingspan from to .Price 1982, p. 147. The other wing-tip variation, used by several Spitfire variants, was the "clipped" wing; the standard wing tips were replaced by wooden fairings which reduced the span by .
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On most aircraft, use of titanium was limited by the costs involved; it was generally used only in components exposed to the highest temperatures, such as exhaust fairings and the leading edges of wings. On the SR-71, titanium was used for 85% of the structure, with much of the rest polymer composite materials.Merlin, Peter W. "Design and Development of the Blackbird: Challenges and Lessons Learned". American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics To control costs, Lockheed used a more easily worked titanium alloy which softened at a lower temperature.
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The S-37 was a two bay sesquiplane using parallel interplane struts and bracing wires. Based on the S-35 its construction was very similar, an all metal fuselage and main wing made of Duralumin and covered with fabric. The empennage featured a triple tail with the rudders placed in the slipstream of each engine and a center vertical stabilizer that was adjustable from a lever in the cockpit. The first S-37 was initially powered by Gnome-Rhône 9A Jupiter engines with the main fuel tanks located in the fairings behind each engine.
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Following the technical success of the T.37 Skylark, the concept was expanded with the introduction of the T.41 Skylark 2. The use of laminar-flow sections was continued but the section at the tips was changed to NACA4415 to reduce the tendency to tip-stall. The Skylark 2 was very similar in shape to its predecessor but had a smooth-skinned rounded fuselage and a wing of greater span and area. Composite materials were introduced in the Skylark 2, with the nose cone, wingtips and various small fairings made from polyester resin glassfibre.
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The company became a supplier for cargo loading systems, ducts and manifolds, as well as additional fuel tanks and fairings. On January 1, 1997 the Speyer plant was officially handed over to the remaining 523 employees, and the name of the first Speyer aircraft plant, Pfalz-Flugzeugwerke was again selected. After one year (on January 22, 1998), the Mannheimer Morgen reported of a: 'fantastic morale among the emploees at PFW.' There was no question about personnel cuts and, in the meantime, the number of employees had even been reinforced with temporary workers.
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NSU produced the most advanced design, but after the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing. Moto Guzzi produced competitive race machines, and until the end of 1957 had a succession of victories. The following year, 1958, full enclosure fairings were banned from racing by the FIM in the light of the safety concerns. From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular worldwide, partly as a result of East German MZs Walter Kaaden's engine work in the 1950s.
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All the initial flights had the hook secured in a fixed position, but when the hook was stowed and later raised, the resulting buffeting added to the difficulty in attempting a hookup. To address the problem, small aerodynamic fairings were added to the hook well that reduced the buffeting when the hook was extended and retracted.O'Leary 1974, p. 40. When testing resumed, on the 18 March 1949 test flight, Schoch continued to have difficulty in hooking up, striking and damaging the trapeze's nose-stabilizing section, before resorting to another emergency belly landing.
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GPz750 without lower fairings The Kawasaki GPz750 was a sport bike introduced by Kawasaki in 1982. It was more than a warmed-over KZ750, as it was improved in many areas, focusing on high-performance. Changes started at the front, with tapered bearings in the steering head instead of the KZ750's ball bearings, and the upper triple clamp was changed also, giving the GPz solid aluminum clip-on handle grips instead of the traditional handlebar. A bikini fairing almost identical to the one on the GPz550 was added too.
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Harley-Davidson Road Glide touring motorcycle. A touring motorcycle is a type of motorcycle designed for touring. Although almost any motorcycle can be used for this purpose, manufacturers have developed specific models designed to address the particular needs of these riders. Touring motorcycles commonly have large displacement fairings and windshields that offer a high degree of weather and wind protection, large-capacity fuel tanks for long ranges between fill-ups, engines with a great deal of low-end horsepower, and a more relaxed, upright seating position than sport bikes.
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The sterns were strengthened at critical points, new bulwark fairings were added, and an H-bitt was installed through which cabling is threaded to keep it centered during towing operations. A hydraulic towing winch was also installed, referred to as a double-drum waterfall winch, holding 2,000 feet or more of wire rope on each drum. One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing. The ships have also occasionally been used to support scientific research operations including research for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and several universities.
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The USAF began the EELV program in 1994, following many years of government-funded studies into improved systems and architecture. The intent was to replace legacy vehicles, including Delta II, Atlas II, and Titan IV. EELVs were to reduce costs by being based on standardized fairings, liquid core vehicles, upper stages, and solid rocket boosters. A Standard Payload Interface bus was also proposed as a way to save money and improve efficiency. Reducing the cost of launches and ensuring national access to space were the two main goals of the USAF space launch/EELV program.
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RUAG Space manufactures payload fairings for a number of launchers, including Arianespace's Ariane and Vega rockets, United Launch Alliance's Atlas 5 500 series, and for ULA's forthcoming Vulcan launcher. A payload fairing consists of a sandwich- structure, with a core of aluminum honeycomb and topcoat of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Cured in the autoclave at 50 to 250°C, it is lined with a cork plating and painted with its final lacquer. A payload fairing protects the payload during launch from damage caused by the enormous noise, vibration and aerodynamic pressure.
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The Merlin was designed by F.G. Miles of Philips and Powis, as a result of collaboration with G. Birkett of Birkett Air Service Ltd, and Tata Sons Ltd of India. It was based on the three-seat and four-seat versions of the M.3 Falcon, but with wider fuselage and consequent increased wing span. It was a low-wing monoplane, with fixed main undercarriage in trouser fairings plus a fixed tailwheel. Construction was mainly of wood, with spruce frames and three-ply birch covering, and the wings had hydraulically operated split flaps.
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All versions of the Couzinet 100 had fixed, tailwheel landing gear. When the Couzinet 100, powered by Salmson 9 ADb radials made its first flight it had mainwheels in trouser fairings and relied on low pressure tyres to absorb landing shocks. One flight was enough to see its return to the factory, where a more conventional three strut arrangement was installed. The Couzinet 101 had similar gear, each wheel with a near-vertical oleo strut to the forward spar in the inner wing and a cranked axle and drag strut from the lower fuselage.
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At booster burnout, the missile having reached a speed of over , the boosters and counterweight were ejected and the main rockets fired. Like many early missiles of the era, the Stooge was boosted to the approximate altitude of the attacker and then flown onto an intercept course. Flares located in fairings on the wing tips provided a bright source for the operator to track visually. After launch the missile levelled off and a simple gyroscope-controlled autopilot, located in the forwards portion of the fuselage, kept the Stooge flying in a straight line.
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Contemporary commentators regarded the mounting of the upright four cylinder ADC Cirrus I engine as particularly neatly done, in a U-shaped extension of the monocoque which initially left the top of the engine exposed. This engine was changed for an Cirrus II in January 1928. The fuel tank was immediately behind the fire wall, high enough to gravity feed the carburettor. There was a direct reading fuel gauge above the tank, just in front of the forward cockpit, enclosed a in variety of fairings over the Mussel's lifetime.
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At the rear the empennage was conventional, with a cropped triangular tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage and braced from below on each side by an inverted V-strut, allowing its incidence to be varied in flight. Its elevators were separate and balanced. The Potez 50 had an almost triangular fin and a rounded, unbalanced rudder which reached to the keel. The undercarriage was fixed with the mainwheels under aircraft fairings and on split axles centrally mounted on a transverse V-strut from the central lower fuselage.
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Some captions are politically inspired, such as "English neutrality 1870 Attending the sick and the wounded", commemorating the fact that Britain did not become involved in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. Others are moralistic e.g. "Seeing him home" showing a drunk being escorted home by a spirit and the grim reaper, both dressed as undertakers. Occasionally fairings descend into the downright rude, such as "The early bird catches the worm", in which a goose pecks at what it thinks is a worm, only to cause pain to a young lad who is relieving himself.
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A pair of parallel aluminium struts inside streamlined spruce fairings took lift and drag loads to the lower fuselage longerons. There were additional vertical struts, small ones as on the F.190 but more sturdy ones under the outboard engines. The empennage of the F.280 was also similar to that of the F.190, with a double strutted rectangular tailplane carrying separate elevators, with a rudder cut-out between them. This deep rudder, tabbed and horn balanced was likewise square edged, mounted on a very wide chord, shallow, straight edged fin.
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Some sources give the engine as a Salmson 9 Nc, which was probably fitted to the first ground test article. The tail rotors were mounted above the end of the boom on shafts at right angles to it and to each other, so that the rotor planes were leaning inwards at 45° to the vertical. At least one image shows the drive shafts within slender fairings but several others show them bare. The SE-3110 landed on small wheels mounted on cantilever legs on each side and a long, forward-pointing, sprung skid.
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The fighter's nine cylinder Gnome-Rhône 9Kbrs radial engine was neatly enclosed within a short cowling and drove a variable-pitch propeller, a novelty at the time. The Wib 313's fixed, conventional undercarriage was wide track, the mainwheels enclosed in fairings and attached to the wings by vertical, faired legs which were cross braced to the central fuselage underside. There was a small tailskid. A 7.7 mm (0.303 in) unsynchronised Darne machine gun in a shallow fairing was mounted outboard of each undercarriage leg, firing outside the propeller arc.
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To produce the 767, Boeing formed a network of subcontractors which included domestic suppliers and international contributions from Italy's Aeritalia and Japan's CTDC. The wings and cabin floor were produced in-house, while Aeritalia provided control surfaces, Boeing Vertol made the leading edge for the wings, and Boeing Wichita produced the forward fuselage. The CTDC provided multiple assemblies through its constituent companies, namely Fuji Heavy Industries (wing fairings and gear doors), Kawasaki Heavy Industries (center fuselage), and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (rear fuselage, doors, and tail). Components were integrated during final assembly at the Everett factory.
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The 767 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit featuring a single fin and rudder. The wings are swept at 31.5 degrees and optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.8 (). Each wing features a supercritical airfoil cross-section and is equipped with six- panel leading edge slats, single- and double-slotted flaps, inboard and outboard ailerons, and six spoilers. The airframe further incorporates Carbon- fiber-reinforced polymer composite material wing surfaces, Kevlar fairings and access panels, plus improved aluminum alloys, which together reduce overall weight by versus preceding aircraft.
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Powered by a 180 hp Lycoming O-360-AIA four cylinder engine, the SC1 cruised at 160 mph and had a range of 740 miles fully loaded. The fuselage was of all-metal construction, apart from the fibreglass engine cowling. The wing was also all-metal apart from fibreglass tip fairings, and featured fowler-type flaps on the inner sections and slotted NACA flaps on the outer sections. The outer wing sections were designed to be removable for storage, as well as being capable of carrying wing-tip tanks.
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Due to the diminutive size of the machines, and the origins of MiniMoto racing, Pocketbikes have been informally and inaccurately referred to as Minibikes. While the machines share certain attributes, Pocketbikes are more akin to Sport bikes than Minibikes, and are wholly their own machine by construct. The differences include frame manufacture and material, fairings, controls, engine placement and overall design. The misconception is likely due to two factors; The introduction of Pocketbikes into North America as inexpensive models not recognized for there intended competitive purpose, and being seen as toys rather than unique vehicles.
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After poor results from the NV-1, Nikitin designed a new sporting aircraft built entirely from wood, with plywood skinned wings and a fuselage built using shpon (layers of birch ply glued over a mold/template). The NV-2 had a retractable tailskid undercarriage, with the main gears retracting backwards into fairings on the underside of the cantilever monoplane. Nikitin secured funding for the NV-2 from Osoaviakhim (Society for assistance to the aviation and chemical industries), and the aircraft was built at OKB-30. Flight testing revealed excellent performance and flying qualities.
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A special edition was also available in 87' with a black/gold paint scheme. In 1988 the GSX-R received a new aluminium frame which increased the weight and new fairings with a lower wheelbase once again to create a more stable and better handling bike. The model also got slingshot carburetors, polished stainless steel silencers, curved radiator, Tokico 4-cylinder front brake calipers and a rear hugger mudguard. The new 4 into 2 exhaust was designed to create more midrange torque but this had only a marginal effect on the engines power.
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On the SES-10 mission, one of the fairing halves performed a controlled atmospheric reentry and splashdown using thrusters and a steerable parachute; fairings are eventually slated to land on a floating "bouncy castle" structure. SpaceX began re-flight of previously launched booster stages in 2017. The first re-flight was accomplished in March 2017, nearly a year after the booster's maiden flight; the second was in June 2017, only five months after its maiden flight. Both were successful, and both insurers and launch service customers are readily supporting the newly emerging market in launch services provided by multiple-use boosters.
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The Bernard 200 T was powered by a de Havilland Gipsy III inverted four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine, driving a two-blade propeller, housed under a latched dural cowling which opened like a car bonnet. Its fixed tailwheel undercarriage had aerodynamically clean, cantilever main legs, each built from a single, tapered girder with fairings added to its leading and trailing edges. These legs were mounted on the fuselage immediately behind the front doors and at window-sill height, with pneumatic dampers inside the cabin behind the front seats; this arrangement led to the low fuselage and easy access.
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Ilslaunch, 4 April 2005. It is also contracted by Space Systems Loral to transport satellites from Palo Alto, CA to the Arianespace spaceport in Kourou, French GuianaSpace Systems/Loral Delivers World'S Largest Satellite To Launch Base and by SpaceX to transport payload fairings between their factory in Hawthorne, California and Cape Canaveral. Airbus Transport International, a subsidiary of Airbus, has selected a Russian cargo company, Polet Airlines, as "designated carrier" to the company. Polet expects its three An-124-100s will transport astronautic equipment manufactured by EADS, which is Airbus' parent company, and components of the Airbus A380 superjumbo.
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The Skorpion was soon recognised as a Government- approved programme, which was viewed as a close step towards receiving state funding to support its development. By late 1992, PZL Okecie was displaying a fullscale mock-up of the Skorpion. By this point, it has been redesigned for a second time with the engines now mounted inside fairings in the wing while other features, such as fly-by-wire and stealth characteristics, had also been incorporated. Aspects of the Skorpion were viewed as being relatively advanced elements for a company who had previously specialised in the production of agricultural and utility aircraft.
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Orbital's space launch vehicles are considered the industry standard for boosting small payloads to orbit. The Pegasus rocket is launched from the company's L-1011 carrier aircraft, Stargazer and has proven to be the industry's small space launch workhorse, having conducted 40 missions from six different launch sites worldwide since 1990. The Minotaur ground-launched rockets combine Pegasus upper stages with either government-supplied or commercially available first-stage rocket motors to boost larger payloads to orbit. Minotaur IV combines decommissioned Peacekeeper rocket motors with proven Orbital avionics and fairings to provide increased lifting capacity for government-sponsored payloads.
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These essentially identical aircraft differed mainly in undercarriage design; the PA-33 had fully cantilevered oleo-pneumatic undercarriage legs and the PA-34 had strut mounted split axles with oleo-pneumatic shock-absorbers attached to the top fuselage longerons. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube with fabric covering and light alloy fairings. The 3-bladed folding rotor was mounted on a braced bi- pod with legs fore and aft of the front cockpit. The tail unit consisted of a very wide chord fin and rudder with a strut supported tail-plane sporting up- turned wing-tips.
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The XA-8 won a competition against the General Aviation/Fokker XA-7, after which 13 service test aircraft were ordered (five as YA-8s and eight as Y1A-8s). After the completion of testing, 11 of these aircraft were redesignated A-8. The A-8 was the first Curtiss machine of all-metal low-wing monoplane configuration with advanced features such as automatic leading edge slats and trailing-edge flaps. Four forward-firing .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns were mounted in the wheel fairings, and an additional weapon of the same calibre was fitted in the observer's cockpit for rear defense.
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The outer panels carried fabric-covered, long span, aerodynamically balanced ailerons and a pair of DFS-type spoilers which extended above and below the wing were mounted on the centre section rear spar. The fuselage of the Peak 100 had a welded steel tube structure, fabric covered apart from glass fibre nose and centre section fairings. Details of the steel structure were designed by Aviation and Engineering Projects Ltd and the wide, forward-sliding, one-piece canopy was made by English Electric. The original nose was very blunt and rounded; the flat-sided fuselage tapered towards the tail.
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The resulting aircraft was a carefully streamlined two-seat tractor low-wing monoplane of mixed construction. Its fuselage was built of welded mild steel tubing, with dural panelling forward of the cockpit and fabric covering aft, and accommodated the pilot and passenger in tandem under an enclosed canopy. The wood and fabric wing was braced with cables and overwing steel struts to the fuselage, enabling a thinner wing to be used. The aircraft was fitted with a fixed conventional landing gear, with the mainwheels enclosed in trouser fairings to reduce drag, with a sprung metal tailskid.
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For 2008, Cagiva added the Mito SP525 road bike (not to be confused with the racing SP525 above) alongside the Mito Evo II. In terms of looks, the new bike inherits some stylistic traits from the competition SP525, essentially similar front and rear fairings. On a technical level, the bike retains much the same rolling chassis as the Evo and the engine is still a 125 cc two-stroke, but has had several changes, notably a new Electronic Carburetion System (developed in conjunction with Dell'Orto) governing both fuel-air, oil-mix and ignition, allowing it to pass tougher Euro 3 emissions regulations.
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Rage also directed the group's music video for previous single "Wouldn't You". The music video begins with the "N-Dubz" logo appearing onscreen. The group is then shown arriving at the (Battersea) London Heliport in an atmosphere of stormy weather. Dappy arrives in a personalized helicopter also with the N-Dubz logo on, Fazer arrives on a 2004 Yamaha R1 with race fairings, and Tulisa arrives in a white Lamborghini Gallardo SE. The three members then come together as a group and start performing the song at the Heliport in front of the modes of the transport they came in.
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The Ranger was a development of the Aermacchi AL-60, which itself was based upon the Lockheed Model 60. NWI established its reputation as an aircraft overhauler and maintenance facility, but decided to enter the aircraft manufacturing business by buying the rights to the AL-60 in 1968. The aircraft featured a strut- braced high-wing, a six to eight seat enclosed cabin and optional fixed tricycle landing gear, conventional landing gear, floats or skis and a single engine in tractor configuration. The Ranger differed from the AL-60 in having main landing gear leg fairings and Hoerner wing tips.
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The car was fitted with the standard Saab grille for the period, but did not feature the miniature "turbo emblem." The SPG suspension was not fitted, and aside from the SPG body fairings and dash emblem, the SIS is identical to a standard 1988 900 Turbo Convertible in the black/grey color combination. The cars were sold, one to each dealer, however some dealers used the opportunity to trade their SiS convertible with other dealers in an effort to get other car models (specifically the 9000CD) for sale. Contrary to popular belief, the SIS was not given to the dealers for free.
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Lawson, who came out of 1989 without a race crash, begins the season with a DNF and a broken left ankle. Rainey has a large gap, and Gardner and Schwantz are scraping fairings for second. Last lap and Rainey has an untouchable lead, and Gardner goes slightly wide heading towards the chicane, but manages to hold Schwantz off; as they flick it right and then left, Schwantz touches Gardner's back tire and drops his bike. Because it happened at such a low speed, Schwantz is able to get back on quickly and still cross the line in third place.
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The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit that is wide, under an acrylic plastic articulated lift-up bubble canopy. It has fixed optionally tricycle landing gear or conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft is predominately made from vacuum-bagged, post- cured carbon fibre composites, with E-glass used for non-structural parts, including the engine cowling, aircraft fairings, wing and tail tips. The structure is 10% anodized aluminum and cadmium-plated steel, with the landing gear legs made from steel.
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Each axle end was supported by three steel struts, two from the forward wing spar and one from the rear; the forward pair were elastically sprung within the wing. The undercarriage struts, as well as those mounting the engines, were designed to be faired-in but the few known photographs of the Ca.66, unlike the three-views, do not show fairings in place. The Ca.66 carried ten bombs on a rack controlled by the co-pilot. The front gunner had a machine gun on a flexible mount, as did the dorsal gunner who also had a rearward, downward firing gun.
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Balanced ailerons were fitted to the upper wing only and extended beyond the wing trailing edge. The engines drove four-bladed propellers, rotating in opposite directions to cancel the torque and were enclosed in armoured nacelles, mounted between the wings on tubular steel struts. The nacelles had a long tapered fairing to reduce drag; to clear the wing rigging wires when the wings were folded, the rear portions of the fairings were hinged to fold inward. Construction of the fuselage and flying surfaces was primarily of spruce, with much reduction in weight by extensive use of hollow section members.
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The outer two .303 machine guns were also moved closer together than in "A" or "B" type wings, which is one of the primary visual aids to distinguishing an original "B" type from later universal wing "B types", along with the second pair of cannon ports, which are visible even though typically no weapons are fitted in the second cannon bay. In this case, the empty port is usually closed off with a rubber plug. The cannon mounts were also moved further back in the wing, so the barrel fairings of the cannon are shorter than on an original "B" Spitfire.
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Empirical results indicate that a faired tailbox can increase speed on a low short wheelbase bike by around 5-10%, but this has not been validated formally. The design of the fairing is important: a long, sealed fairing gives best compensation for the added weight; for road riding a tailbox may well not repay the weight penalty. The most exotic machines have lightweight full-body fairings, tested in wind tunnels, but these are not practical for street use. Indeed, the riders of many of these bikes must be taped in, and the bike launched by handlers on the outside.
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Compared to the original DR.400, the DR.500 has a larger engine cowling and a larger bubble- like canopy like that on the R3000 or X4, making the cabin 40cm longer, 10cm wider at the shoulders and providing 5cm more headroom. Like the Jodel D140, it has five seatbelts. The DR.500 has a new instrument panel, finished in grey and beige, and leather seats as standard; electric trim and electrically- operated flaps are also standard. The wing is slightly thicker than that on the DR.400, and it benefits from new, more streamlined wheel fairings.
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It was a single-seat, all-metal cantilever low-wing monoplane with retractable tailwheel landing gear, where the mainwheels retracted rearwards into fairings under the wing. The fuselage was a semi-monocoque structure that tapered sharply behind the pilot's cockpit. It was powered by a Wright R-1820-G5 nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine. It was designed to carry various combinations of two or machine guns, mounted in the nose and synchronized to fire through the propeller, while no armor or fuel tank protection was fitted in order to save weight and hence improve performance.
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The strangers fixing the ATDA's shroud looked at the dangling straps, wondered what to do with them, and taped them under the small fairings that protected the explosive bolts. After the launch, the Douglas engineer, with the help of Lockheed, set up a backup fairing and demonstrated the problem to McDonnell personnel and to George Mueller, NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight administrator. The crew then did some planned rendezvous practice that involved them moving away from the ATDA by firing their thrusters and then practicing approaching from below the target. They then got some much needed food and rest.
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Their final versions were a single-chain design named the 'Vélorizontal', the final model using a 'Cyclo' four-speed gear. After the UCI decision, Faure continued to race, and consistently beat upright bicycles with the Velocar. In 1938, Faure and Mochet's son, Georges, began adding fairings to the Velocar in hopes of bettering the world record of one hour for a bicycle with aerodynamic components. On 5 March 1938, Faure rode a faired Velocar 50.537 kilometers in an hour and became the first cyclist to travel more than 50 kilometers in an hour without the aid of a pace vehicle.
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A Cornish fairing is a type of traditional ginger biscuit commonly found in Cornwall, United Kingdom. "Fairing" was originally a term for an edible treat sold at fairs around the country, though over time the name has become associated with ginger biscuits or gingerbread, which were given as a treat to children or by men to their sweethearts. In Cornwall, fairings contained ginger and became famous around the country when a Cornish manufacturer started selling them by mail order in 1886. The same manufacturer still makes them and the company has recently teamed up with celebrity chef Rick Stein to make biscuits.
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A 1962 AJS 7R 350cc race bike, with features often imitated by café racers BSA Gold Star 500 café racer In addition to light weight, a tuned engine and minimalist bodywork, the café racer typically features distinctive ergonomics. Dropped bars that are low, narrow handlebars (called "clip-ons") – enabled the rider to "tuck in", reducing wind resistance and improving control. Along with the rearward located seat, the posture often required rearsets, or rear-set footrests and foot controls, again typical of racing motorcycles of the era. Distinctive half or full race- style fairings were sometimes mounted to the forks or frame.
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The Vespa GTS range is a scooter currently manufactured by Piaggio under the Vespa brand. GTS stands for Granturismo Sport, while the 250ie is the displacement and electronic fuel injection. The GTS 250ie is a development of the design direction, and restyled, from the Vespa GT200. Along with the engine changes are digital gauges, a tachometer, chrome fender-crest, chrome horn grill, restyled rear fairings/taillight, chrome foldable rack, redesigned centerstand, non-painted front suspension cover, and a restyled seat. Where the GT200 used the Piaggio 'Leader' engine, the GTS models use variations of the new architecture of the 'Quasar' engine.
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It was stiffened before the twelfth flight, but that only partially cured the problem. The first aircraft crashed, killing the pilot, during a demonstration in front of high-ranking officials on 11 July when the attachment lugs of the wing leading edge fairings failed and they hit the horizontal stabilizers. The remaining two prototypes began flight testing the following month, but preparations for the 7 November parade commemorating the October Revolution delayed the start of the State acceptance trials until 17 December. Meanwhile, the horizontal stabilizer of the second prototype disintegrated during flight, but the pilot was able to land the aircraft safely.
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A preserved Fiat CR.42 The Fiat CR.42 was a robust and relatively clean single-seat biplane fighter aircraft; in spite of the biplane configuration of the aircraft, it was a modern, "sleek-looking" design, based around a strong steel and alloy structure. The CR.42 was furnished with fixed main landing gear, the legs of which were attached to the underside of the lower wing stubs; both the legs wheels were enclosed within streamlined fairings for aerodynamic reasons. The upper wing was larger than its lower wing, a configuration known as a sesquiplane.Sgarlato 2005, .
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YF-102A with pinched fuselage, narrower canopy and redesigned intakes To solve the problem and save the F-102, Convair embarked on a major redesign, incorporating the recently discovered area rule, while at the same time simplifying production and maintenance. The redesign entailed lengthening the fuselage by 11 ft (3.35 m), being "pinched" at the midsection (dubbed the "Coke Bottle configuration"), with two large fairings on either side of the engine nozzle, with revised intakes and a new, narrower canopy. A more powerful model of the J57 was fitted, and the aircraft structure was lightened.Gunston 1957, pp. 513–514.
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The Vautour was designed by Georges Abrial of the Institut Aérotechnique de Saint-Cyr and built by Louis Peyret. Each wing, joined to a centre-section on top of the fuselage with light dihedral, had a rectangular plan apart from an angled tip and carried a broad chord aileron which filled about 60% of the span. They were of mixed construction with two rectangular section dural spars and plywood ribs. Each wing was braced with a pair of parallel struts, dural tubes enclosed in streamlined, wooden fairings, between the lower fuselage longerons and the wing spars just inside the ailerons.
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Each Delta IV launch vehicle is based on a Common Booster Core (CBC) powered by a Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne RS-68 engine and a Delta Cryogenic Second Stage (DCSS) powered by an RL10. Delta IV Heavy is distinguished by two additional CBCs and always flies with a 5 m DCSS and payload fairing, while Delta IV Medium flew with two or four SRBs on a single CBC. The DCSS had 4 m diameter and 5 m diameter versions, with matching diameter payload fairings. Delta IV CBCs and DCSSs are integrated horizontally before being transported to the launchpad.
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The Midget was powered by an air-cooled 32 hp (24 kW) Bristol Cherub on a steel tube mounting and cowled with its cylinders protruding. Each mainwheel of the conventional undercarriage was located on a V-form pair of struts joined to the lower longeron at the base of the lift struts, the rear member passing through the lower wing. The two wheels and bungee shock absorbers were mounted on a single axle with an inverted V-strut from its ends to the fuselage central girder. All the undercarriage struts, like the wing struts, were of steel with balsa fairings.
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There was a baggage and freight hold under the cabin. The wings had trailing edge flaps that reduced the landing speed by ten percent (Wagner p. 267). Professor Junkers originally requested the G 31 have landing gear that would retract into the wings. After extensive wind tunnel experiments Ernst Zindel, the leader of the design team, persuaded Professor Junkers that the gain in speed provided by reduced air resistance, would not outweigh the increased weight, cost and complexity of either retractable landing gear or simple wheel fairings. The tailskid incorporated a roller, to avoid damage to grass airfields(Wagner p. 262–263).
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2009 Ducati Streetfighter A streetfighter is a sport bike that is customized by removing the fairing, and making other changes that result in an overall more aggressive look. Beyond simply removing fairings, specific changes that exemplify the streetfighter look are a pair of large, round headlights, tall, upright handlebars such as those on a motocross bike, and short, loud, lightweight silencers. Streetfighters is also the name of a UK motorcycle magazine.Streetfighters, WorldCat, Later streetfighters used custom-built frames intended to overcome the weakness of the tubular steel frames of the early 4-cylinder superbikes of the 1970s and 1980s.
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In the early 1930s, A.G. Watson, CME of the SAR at the time, endeavoured to improve some of the older locomotive classes in various ways. The Class 5B were fitted with superheating, piston valves and a redesigned smokebox arrangement which resulted in an exhaust which has been described as "positively startling" when the regulator was opened up. At the same time, their running boards were raised clear of the coupled wheels. This modification made the as-built wheel fairings on the running boards unnecessary and resulted in a locomotive with a North American rather than a British appearance.
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He placed the two motors as close together as possible to reduce yaw when one failed. The Lazair was one of the first ultralights to incorporate twin engines, greatly improving the reliability and safety of this class of aircraft. The Lazair was thus built from standard aircraft materials, but it had many innovative design features for an ultralight, including the aerofoil, winglets, inverted-V tail and ruddervators, transparent film covered flying surfaces and twin engines. Later models incorporated many refinements and options including; twin seating in tandem, more powerful engines, fuselage fairings and a conventional control stick pivot position.
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The bomb bay doors were removed and the ends of the bay were covered with fairings. Upkeep was suspended on pivoted, vee-shaped struts which sprang apart when the bomb-release button was pressed. A drive belt and pulley to rotate the bomb at 500 rpm was mounted on the starboard strut and driven by a hydraulic motor housed in the forward fairing. The mid-upper turret was removed and a more bulbous bomb aimer's blister was fitted. The first adapted aircraft arrived at Scampton on 8 April.. On 28 March, Gibson made his first flight to explore the low-flying requirement.
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Equipped with wheel brakes and two MAC 1934 machine guns mounted in the wings, outside the propeller arc. ;D.372: Follow-on version, not equipped with wheel brakes, powered by Gnome-Rhône 14Kfs Mistral Major engines. Two machine guns were mounted in the engine cowling, synchronised to fire through the propeller arc, and two more were mounted in the wings, outside the propeller arc, some had an armament of two cannon in under-wing fairings instead. At least 14 were built for the Lithuanian Air Force, which were very quickly transferred to the Spanish Republican Air Force, alongside some D.371s.
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In 1931, work began on a replacement for Stinson's SM-8 Junior four-seat light aircraft. The new design, the Model R, while based on the SM-8, had a shorter fuselage and a revised cabin. While the aircraft's undercarriage retained the basic tailwheel undercarriage layout of the SM-8, the split-axle mainwheels of the earlier aircraft were replaced by a semi- cantilever design, in which the mainwheels and shock-absorber units were enclosed in streamlined fairings attached to a short stub wing, which was also used to carry wing bracing struts.Aviation March 1932 p.148.
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Other aerodynamic design features include a stepped engine undercover and rear wheel fairings to channel airflow around the tires. The coefficient of drag figure remains at 0.28, falling to 0.27 for the hybrid version (which makes it the most aerodynamic car built in Australia). The sports-oriented model, known as the "SE" in North America and "Sportivo" in Australasia, was developed by Toyota Australia. It features a black "honeycomb" grille, black-tinted head and fog lamps, rear lip spoiler, body kit appendages, and a lower ride height coupled with wider and larger 17-inch diameter wheels.
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It was intended as the first of a range of similar Emsco aircraft, differing in having one or two engines. The Challenger's wing was built in two parts, both rectangular in plan out to semi-elliptical tips, which met on top of the fuselage and were mounted with 1.5° dihedral. They had wooden structures built around two box spars and were fabric covered. Parallel struts from beyond mid- span braced the spars to the lower fuselage longerons and the rear struts were also braced near their midpoints to the upper longerons; all struts were enclosed in wide, airfoil section fairings.
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Vector-H was designed to launch a payload to a Sun- synchronous orbit, suitable for CubeSats and other small payloads. The cost would have been less than , a price point that the company hoped will allow it to attract one hundred launches per year. Customers could have choose to encapsulate their spacecraft in payload fairings provided by the company, which could be easily attached to the rocket shortly before launch, in several different configurations, such as fitting CubeSats dispensers or multiple satellites in a single fairing. Vector would have used on-site payload integration for the early launches.
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The Skylark is a pusher- style design with a single Volkswagen air-cooled engine above and behind the fully enclosed cockpit. The cockpit seats two occupants in side-by-side configuration, with a large Plexiglas canopy curving around both occupants. The tail is a twin-boom arrangement attached at the trailing edge of the wings, allowing clearance for the pusher propeller above and within the booms. The landing gear is a tricycle arrangement with the nose gear positioned at the foremost point of the nose and the two main gear semi-recessed into teardrop-shaped fairings on the lower sides.
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A single lift strut on each side braces the wing to the mid-lower fuselage. The underside of the pod is formed into a single step hull, equipped with a water rudder. The Laté 225 has an unusual tricycle undercarriage; the nosewheel retracts conventionally but the mainwheels, housed in fairings and fuselage mounted on cantilever legs, hinge upwards for landings on water, when they act as lateral stabilisers. The Laté 225 was originally powered by an 18 kW, (24 hp) flat-twin two stroke engine but this was soon replaced by a 20 kW (30 hp) KFM 107er.
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When the undercarriage was retracted, the main gear skis were housed in the space in the lower engine compartment made available by the removal of the fuselage .50 in (12.7 mm) Brownings from the P-51As. The entire installation added to the aircraft weight and required that the operating pressure of the hydraulic system had to be increased from ). Flight tests showed ground handling was good, and the Mustang could take off and land in a field length of ; the maximum speed was lower, although it was thought that fairings over the retracted skis would compensate.
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Ducati Sport 1000S The 2007 Ducati Sport1000S had the front suspension of the Sport1000, while adding a retro styled fairing like the Paul Smart. The model could be equipped with Ducati original accessory lower fairings to create a late 1960s or early 1970s race bike look. The 1000S followed the Sport1000's change to a dual-shock swing arm and wet clutch, though lower handlebars were required to fit under the fairing. 2007-2008 models were available only in red with a white stripe, while in 2009 the paint scheme was changed to black with a white stripe.
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The wings featured the large rectangular fairings for the large main wheels. Small wheel well doors, originally planned for the G series, were fitted to the outer ends of the wheel bays, covering the outer wheels when retracted. These doors were often removed by front-line units. The radio equipment was the FuG 16ZY with the relocated main swept- forward radio antenna under the port wing from the G-10 being carried through as the standard for the K-series airframes. The FuG 25a Erstling IFF system, as well as the FuG 125 Hermine D/F equipment were also fitted.
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Specifications required the functioning in day, night and poor weather as well as carrying eight soldiers (the design achieved seven in practice), eight stretchers or large external loads. An emphasis was placed on survivability with a focus on redundancy, IR suppression and special shock absorbers for the crew to increase the maximum "safe" crash velocity. The design incorporated a 23 mm rotary cannon (most likely GSh-23L) for defense in the forward hemisphere and a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun (most likely Yak-B) for defense in the rear. Fuselage fairings containing fuel replaced stub wings with missiles mounted above on special hardpoints.
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After the first trial run when he established no goggles were necessary at Segrave drove the car up some planks to get it off the beach then drove it back along the main street of Daytona to its garage. A Napier Lion II engine cutaway Engine fairings removed The sponsors required a British brand name for the engine and Napier was chosen. Dunlop's tyres were not warranted safe beyond so the planned maximum of was pulled back. To minimise frontal area Irving based the shape of the nose on the racing Supermarine S.5's cowling.
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Each half-wing was braced to the lower fuselage longerons by a pair of parallel steel tubes, enclosed in streamlined fairings, they met centrally on a faired pylon forward of the cockpit. The Bożena was powered by a Anzani 2A three-cylinder radial engine mounted with its cylinders exposed for cooling in a strongly tapered nose. Its rectangular section fuselage was plywood-covered, with rounded decking behind the cockpit. The empennage was also ply-covered, with a rectangular plan tailplane and elevators mounted on top of the fuselage and a cropped triangular fin carrying a deep rectangular rudder which moved in an elevator cut-out.
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The anhedral of the wing's center- section also permitted the wing and fuselage to meet at the optimum angle for minimizing drag, without using wing root fairings. The bent wing, however, was heavier and more difficult to construct, offsetting these benefits. The Corsair's aerodynamics were an advance over those of contemporary naval fighters. The F4U was the first U.S. Navy aircraft to feature landing gear that retracted into a fully enclosed wheel well. The landing gear oleo struts—each with its own strut door enclosing it when retracted—rotated through 90° during retraction, with the wheel atop the lower end of the strut when retracted.
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This version introduced the uprated 492 kW (660 shp) Arriel 1C turboshafts, a retractable tricycle undercarriage, enlarged tail surfaces, and revised transmission, main rotor, rotor mast fairing and engine cowlings. The aircraft's initial M.T.O.W. of was later raised to . Deliveries of the production model began in 1982. ;SA 365 N1 :Incorporating many of the improvements developed for the SA 366 G1 (HH-65 Dolphin), this version introduced upgraded 526 kW (705 shp) Arriel 1C1 turboshafts, an improved 11-blade Fenestron with wider-chord blades (which reduced the AS365 N1's noise signature), movable undercarriage doors replaced by simplified fairings and a higher gross weight of .
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The tail surfaces had swept, almost straight leading edges, rounded tips and unswept trailing edges on the unbalanced control surfaces. The fuselage was built from two metal half-ovals joined vertically, with a riveted skin. The open cockpit was placed at the wing trailing edge, the fuselage tapering behind it. Each wheel of the 260's fixed, tailwheel undercarriage was mounted on a vertical, faired main leg, with a second strut behind forming a V and a third inboard to the fuselage underside. At the time of the first flight the wheels were enclosed in fairings but these had been removed by October 1932.
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The engine was demounted and replaced with a long, smooth nose, deliberately designed to be easily removable so that the engine could be reinstalled if desired. The pilot sat at the wing leading edge in a cockpit within the removable nose and there was a passenger cockpit between the two wing spars at about one third chord. The fuselage was formed from four longerons, positioned by formers and wire- braced into a rectangular section, but with rounded upper and lower fairings. Its smooth fuselage and cantilever wing, together with an empennage that had no external bracing, made it aerodynamically very clean for its time.
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The new gear had a width that was increased by . The new tubular gear was lighter, but required aerodynamic fairings to maintain the same speed and climb performance as experienced with the flat steel design. The "L" also had a plastic fairing between the dorsal fin and vertical fin to introduce a greater family resemblance to the 182's vertical fin. The 1971 model sold for US$13,425 in the 172 version and US$14,995 in the Skyhawk version. 827 172Ls were sold in 1971 and 984 in 1972. ; 1977 Cessna 172M The 172M of 1973–76 gained a drooped wing leading edge for improved low-speed handling.
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It was essentially rectangular in plan, though with rounded tips and a small central cut-out in the trailing edge to improve the pilot's field of view. The half-wings joined over the fuselage, supported on a low cabane, but parallel steel tubes, enclosed in wooden streamlined fairings and stiffened with lighter N-struts between the lower fuselage and the spars, provided the primary bracing. The four seat M.N.3 had been designed to be powered by a engine but initially all that was available was a loaned and reconditioned Anzani 6 six cylinder radial which produced . It was mounted, uncowled in the nose.
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The Apollo 11 Mobile Quarantine Facility is unloaded from a C-141 at Ellington Air Force Base, 27 July 1969. The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter is a long range strategic airlifter, designed for transporting large quantities of either cargo or passengers. It is powered by an arrangement of four TF33 turbofan engines, each capable of generating up to of thrust; these were installed in pods beneath the high-mounted swept wing. The underside accommodates the retractable tricycle landing gear, consisting of a twin-wheel nose unit and four-wheel main units, the latter of which retract forward into fairings set onto each side of fuselage.
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These were anti-shock bodies; bulged fairings that reduced wave drag at transonic speeds (see area rule), which were also used as a convenient place to house chaff dispensers.ap Rees Air Pictorial June 1972, p. 222. Handley Page proposed to build a further refined "Phase 6" Victor, with more fuel and capable of carrying up to four Skybolt (AGM-48) ballistic missiles on standing airborne patrols, but this proposal was rejected although it was agreed that some of the Victor B.2s on order would be fitted to carry two Skybolts. This plan was abandoned when the U.S. cancelled the whole Skybolt programme in 1963.
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For the first time in Germany, a cast steel locomotive frame after American practice was used. This was lighter and more slender for the same degree of strength, and contributed to the locomotive's graceful, lightweight appearance. While the locomotive was not disguised by a streamlined casing, a degree of air-smoothing was applied, with a conical smokebox front, a smoothly curved plate covering the area beneath the smokebox down to the buffer beam and out to the cylinders, and streamlined fairings around the stack and steam dome. The front of the cab was faired in to the boiler top and firebox sides in a smooth, streamlined curve.
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The combination of heavy stagger and a slender nose gave the Type 123 a slightly humpbacked appearance, with the pilot's open cockpit at the top above the centre of the lower wing and well behind the trailing edge of the upper wing. There were pairs of machine guns on either side of the engine. The undercarriage was fixed and almost completely enclosed in forward-thrusting fairings with a cross-axle between the wheels. The aircraft was powered by a Goshawk III loaned by the Air Ministry, which used condensers in the lower wing leading edge for cooling, coupled to a forward- mounted ventral condenser.
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A smaller 397 cc derivative, known as the RG400, was also developed and produced alongside the 500. This machine appeared identical to its bigger brother in every way, making use of the same frame, suspension, and gearbox. However, the main differences between the two were a reduced bore width (50mm instead of 56mm) with power output reduced to , different big end roller bearings (some roller- less), clutch disks unit, front brakes (non floating discs), silencers, and 'RG400' stickers on the fairings. The RG400 was produced and sold within Asian markets: its 397cc capacity and output fitted a restricted Japanese motorcycle driving licence of the time.
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The aircraft's distinctive shape features long, thin wings, in a flattened "W" shape, with a wingspan of , dual tailplanes, and four wheels (front and rear at each side). The rear wheels retract, but the front ones, which are steerable, are permanently deployed, with small fairings, referred to as "spats", in front. Another way to look at the overall shape is as two conventional planes, with very thin fuselages, side by side and joined together at their wingtips, with the cockpit and engines mounted at the point of joining. Although White Knight was developed for certain roles in the Tier One program, it is a very capable aircraft in its own right.
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Grumman's engineers felt that the AA-5 design had more speed potential than the original Traveler, even with its 1975 improvements, and so embarked on an aerodynamic cleanup and redesign. Changes were made to the engine cowling and baffling to reduce cooling drag, the exhaust system was redesigned, the main landing gear fairings were further improved, the ventral fin was eliminated, and the horizontal tail was enlarged to allow a larger center of gravity range. Fuel capacity was increased from the Traveler's 37 US gallons to 52 gallons, thus increasing its range. The new variant was named the AA-5A Cheetah and was introduced as a 1976 model in late 1975.
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The I-16 was of conventional monoplane layout with a Walter Sagitta supercharged air-cooled V12 engine of Czechoslovak origin, a two- bladed propeller and a low set wing with rounded wingtips. The prototype had fixed undercarriage with aerodynamic fairings, but production models were to have retractable landing gear. The cockpit seat and controls were designed as one unit - they could be assembled totally separately from the rest of the aircraft and then installed as a unit with only six bolts. While the prototype was unarmed, there were provisions for two machine guns in the fuselage, along with the ability to carry one additional gun under each wing.
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The 777-300ER was to shed by replacing the fuselage crown with tie rods and composite integration panels, similar to those used on the 787. The new flight control software was to eliminate the need for the tail skid by keeping the tail off the runway surface regardless of the extent to which pilots command the elevators. Boeing was also redesigning the inboard flap fairings to reduce drag by reducing pressure on the underside of the wing. The outboard raked wingtip was to have a divergent trailing edge, described as a "poor man's airfoil" by Boeing; this was originally developed for the McDonnell Douglas MD-12 project.
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Top speed was . From a mechanical standpoint the Junior differed from the 1750 only in engine displacement and output, while inside it lacked some features of the pricier model: namely opening quarter lights, centre console, and the three-spoke wood rimmed steering wheel, replaced by a two-spoke plastic rimmed one. From outside the Junior version could be recognised by its black-coloured lower front bumper and absence of plastic headlamp fairings. Due to the shape of its long, round tail, the Series 1 Spider is sometimes known by the nickname of "Osso di seppia" (Italian for cuttlebone) or "boat tail" to differentiate it from the "Kamm tail" Series 2.
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Sport bikes have high footpegs that position the legs closer to the body to improve ground clearance when cornering, and a long reach to the hand controls, which positions the body and center of gravity forward, above the fuel tank. The rider leans forward into the wind, the force of which can comfortably support the rider's weight at speeds near , but at lower speeds leaves too much weight on the arms and wrists, causing fatigue. Streetfighters are derived from sport bikes, originally being customized sport bikes with the fairings removed and higher handlebars replacing the low clip-on handlebars. Since the 1990s, factory streetfighters have been produced.
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Blackbird traveling downwind faster than the wind, as shown by the streamers on the vehicle and the flag on the ground, pointing in opposite directions. Blackbird with fairings to improve performance. Blackbird is an experimental land yacht, built by Rick Cavallaro and John Borton of Sportvision, sponsored by Google and Joby Energy in association with the San Jose State University aeronautics department to demonstrate that it is possible to sail directly downwind faster than the wind. In a test supervised and recognized by the North American Land Sailing Association in July 2010, Cavallaro achieved a speed of in winds: almost three times the speed of the wind.
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Twin 560 kW (750 hp) V-12 Isotta-Fraschini Delta engines were mounted well forward of the leading edge with their thrust line in the wing plane. The fairings behind engine mountings on the wing underside extended aft to near the trailing edge; the rear engine mounting also supported the forward attachment points for the rearward sloping, N-form struts to the two long, single stepped floats. The floats were laterally braced by inverted-V struts to the bottom of the fuselage. The Z.515's tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage with greater dihedral than the wing and carrying endplate fins.
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A second unpressurized cockpit was built in line with the trailing edge of the wing for the guidance system operator. The aircraft was fitted with two radars, a K-1M target illumination radar in a prominent bullet-shaped fairing above the air intakes and an aft-looking radar mounted in a cigar-shaped fairing at the top of the vertical stabilizer. This latter system was intended to test the mid-course guidance system of the launching aircraft and the guidance systems of the missile. Signals from the K-1M radar were received in small bullet-shaped fairings on the leading edges of the wings.
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Guns and bombs of an RAAF FB Mk VI The FB Mk VI, which first flew on 1 June 1942, was powered by two, single-stage two-speed, Merlin 21s or Merlin 25s, and introduced a re-stressed and reinforced "basic" wing structure capable of carrying single bombs on racks housed in streamlined fairings under each wing, or up to eight RP-3 25lb or 60 lb rockets. In addition fuel lines were added to the wings to enable single or drop tanks to be carried under each wing.Streetly 1981, p. 177. The usual fixed armament was four 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannon and four .
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The reduced wing sweep eliminates the need for inboard ailerons, yet incurs little drag penalty on short and medium length routes, during which most of the flight is spent climbing or descending. The airframe further incorporates carbon-fiber reinforced plastic wing surfaces, Kevlar fairings and access panels, plus improved aluminum alloys, which together reduce overall weight by . To distribute the aircraft's weight on the ground, the 757 has a retractable tricycle landing gear with four wheels on each main gear and two for the nose gear. The landing gear was purposely designed to be taller than the company's previous narrow-body aircraft to provide ground clearance for stretched models.
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BMW K 1200 LT at Glacier National Park Full-dress touring motorcycles are generally characterized by extremely large fairings and ample bodywork compared to other types of tourers. Hard luggage, e.g. panniers and a top box, are integrated into the design of the motorcycle which usually has a very large displacement, torquey engine with a very upright, comfortable riding position. Additionally, optional amenities for full-dress tourers might include equipment not normally offered on other motorcycles such as complete stereos (AM/FM radios with CD players or MP3 connections), satellite radio, heated seats and hand-grips, GPS navigation systems, custom windshields, integrated air compressors, and air bags.
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It combines the EuroStar fuselage with the wing and stabilizer from the Harmony. ;Harmony :Model for the US LSA market, based on the Harmony airframe, with enlarged ailerons and rudder to improve crosswind capabilities, an improved wing, winglets and tail, wider and longer cockpit, as well as refined wheel pants and other fairings. ;SportStar :Initial model ;SportStar SL :Improved model ;SportStar Max :Version for the US LSA market with a gross weight of ;SportStar RTC :SportStar RTC was developed to meet EASA VLA certification and intended for use in flight training. ;Evektor EPOS :Electric aircraft version, using the SportStar RTC fuselage and a new wing design.
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The C112 was equipped with the new 6.0-litre (5,987cc) M120 V12 engine, with peak power of and peak torque of . The body was built by the Italian coach builder Carrozzeria Coggiolo on the chassis supplied by Mercedes-Benz. The use of pop- up headlamps, a common feature on sports cars at that time was avoided as it increased drag and created aerodynamic turbulence, two fixed units with clear lenses and transparent fairings were used while the fog lamps and indicator lamps were integrated into the front bumper, made from Kevlar. An electronically controlled front spoiler was integrated into the funnel-shaped underwing inlet located under the front bumper's air-intake.
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One source describes the Commuter as a single seat aircraft, another as a one or two seater. The Commuter's empennage was conventional, with straight edged, square-tipped horizontal surfaces and a straight edged rudder with a trim tab mounted on a narrow fin with a fillet to the fuselage. There was a Lycoming O-320 air-cooled flat-four engine in the nose, driving a two-blade propeller. It had a fixed conventional undercarriage with cantilever main legs mounted on the lower fuselage and a short-legged tailwheel on the sloping underside, about halfway between the edges of the root fairings and the extreme tail.
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SAI Ambrosini 7 photo from L'Aerophile October 1939 The SAI.7 was built to compete in the IV Avioraduno del Littorio rally, which departed Rimini on 15 July 1939. As equipped for the race, the two SAI.7s were fitted with special glazed fairings extending from the canopy to the nose of the aircraft, to provide extra streamlining. The aircraft began their proving flights too late, and were disqualified from the competition, but on August 27, one of them set a new world airspeed record for a 100 km closed loop, which it completed at 403.9 km/h (252 mph) powered by a Hirth HM 508D.
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White Sands Missile Range Museum RP-76 display Following flight trials of the XKD4R target drone, developed for the United States Navy, Radioplane redesigned the aircraft into an improved version, designated RP-76, which first flew in 1959.Parsch 2003a Compared to the XKD4R, the RP-76 had redesigned wing fairings, with the vertical control fin being moved to the underside of the missile, as opposed to being on top.Parsch 2003b The RP-76 was designed to fly a pre-programmed trajectory on autopilot, with radio command guidance being optional. As with the XKD4R, control was provided by three fins located forwards on the body of the craft.
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Leading edge D-boxes were built up using sheets of Dynal glued either side of a 'Tronal' (wall board) core, cold pressed in moulds. The first H.V (later re-dubbed H.Va after two further aircraft were built) was powered by two Hirth HM 60R engines driving specially carved pusher propellers directly, without gearboxes or extension shafts. Pilot and passenger lay semi-prone in the nose under extensive plastic sheet glazing. The undercarriage of the H.V was fixed, with a nosewheel just aft of the cockpit and two mainwheels under the engines, the fairings of which formed the only fin area to impart directional stability.
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Initial prototype versions were symmetrical, but as larger superchargers were fitted, the engines required modified upper engine bearers to clear the supercharger housing, and as a result the final shape of the new cowling was asymmetrical, being enlarged on the port side where the supercharger was mounted on the DB engine. There were also special streamlined panels fitted to the forward fuselage. These so-called agglomerations could be seen in several different patterns. Because of their aerodynamically more efficient form in a side-view of DB 605AS and D -powered Bf 109 Gs and Ks, the agglomerations were barely discernible compared with the conspicuous fairings they replaced.
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Leading fairings in front of the front wheels gave no useful improvement and they were abandoned. An irreducible minimum was arrived at for the size of the cockpit because it had to be large enough for a sixteen-inch steering wheel believed to be needed to give sufficient leverage. In the end a large tail fin was adopted in case of side gusts, it located the centre of gravity an inch in front of the centre of pressure. The whole shell was shaped to exert a downward air pressure to keep the driving wheels on the ground and assist stability but a further of lead ballast was added to the tail.
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It is more common on high-performance regulators which are tuned for maximum flow and minimum work of breathing, particularly out of the water, and often reduces or resolves when the regulator is immersed and the ambient water damps the movement of the diaphragm and other moving parts. Desensitising the second stage by closing venturi assists or increasing the valve spring pressure often stops this problem. Juddering may also be caused by excessive but irregular friction of valve moving parts. Physical damage to the housing or components such as cracked housings, torn or dislodged mouthpieces, damaged exhaust fairings, can cause gas flow problems or leaks, or can make the regulator uncomfortable to use or difficult to breathe from.
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Pratt & Whitney YT-34-P-6 turboprops. ;YC-124 :Prototype rebuilt from a C-74 with a new fuselage and powered by four 3,500 hp R-4360-39 engines, it was later re-engined and redesignated YC-124A. ;YC-124A :Prototype YC-124 re-engined with four 3,800 hp R-4360-35A engines. ;C-124A :Douglas Model 1129A, production version with four 3,500 hp R-4360-20WA engines; 204 built, most retrofitted later with nose-radar and combustion heaters in wingtip fairings. ;YC-124B :Douglas Model 1182E was a turboprop variant of the C-124A with four Pratt & Whitney YT34-P-6 turboprops; originally proposed as a tanker, it was used for trials on the operation of turboprop aircraft.
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K-2-C Red Arrow The Red Arrow was designed by Omer Woodson and was a development of his Woodson M-6, a low power, low wing monoplane powered by a Detroit Cat engine. They were intended for commercial club use, including training and general flying as well as for mail-carrying, seen as an important profit-earner at the time. The early Red Arrows were externally braced mid-wing monoplane designs with , five cylinder Kinner K-5 radial engines. The Kinner-powered Red Arrows had a rectangular plan wing, braced from below with V-struts enclosed in streamlined fairings between a rearward extension of the undercarriage structure and the two wing spars.
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The locomotives turned out to be unlike any other previously seen in the Cape of Good Hope and represented several firsts on South African locomotives. They were the first to have bar frames instead of plate frames, the first to have pop-type automatic steam-release safety valves, the first with the Nathan-type feedwater injector, and the first to have the finger-bar firegrates which were later to become standard on the South African Railways (SAR). The locomotives also introduced the distinctive American appearance, with their running boards mounted above the coupled wheels, instead of lower down with fairings or splashers on the running boards to cover the tops of the wheels.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944).
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The Kenworth T600 is a model line of conventional-cab trucks that were produced by the American truck manufacturer Kenworth from 1984 to 2007. Distinguished by its aerodynamic sloped hood, the T600 was a Class 8 truck, typically sold in semitractor configuration. While aerodynamic devices (such as roof fairings) had been introduced on Class 8 trucks in the mid-1970s, the Kenworth T600 was the first American semitractor designed from the ground up with aerodynamics and fuel economy in mind. Sharing design commonality with the Kenworth W900 Class 8 semitractor, the T600 differs from its counterpart largely with its set-back front axle, hood, and lower bodywork (with the Aerocab later adopted by the W900L).
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The LS 400 further contained some 300 technological innovations to aid smooth operation and silence, including fluid-damped cabin fixtures, vibration-insulating rubber mounts, airflow fairings, and sandwich steel body panels. 1990–1992 Lexus LS 400 (UCF10R; Australia) In Japan, the launch of Lexus was complicated by Toyota's existing four domestic dealership networks at the time of its introduction. The Toyota Crown and Toyota Century were exclusive to Toyota Store locations. During the LS 400's development, local dealers' requests for a Japanese domestic market version had grown, and a right-hand-drive Toyota Celsior- badged version was introduced shortly after the LS 400's U.S. debut, and introduced 9 October 1989 and only available at Toyopet Store locations.
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Some aircraft in Germany have been fitted with a turbocharged engine, and with structural strengthening of the fuselage have been adapted to aero-tow gliders. Grob G 109B Vigilant T1 of the RAF at RIAT 2010 ;Ranger:Increased MTOW utility version with cameras in extended leading edge root fairings and provision for a ventral pannier for search and rescue equipment. ;Vigilant T1: The Vigilant T1 is the designation of the adapted Grob 109B used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) for use on Volunteer Gliding Squadrons. Modifications to the Vigilant T1 include a landing light, a higher maximum all up mass (AUM) of 908 kg and a throttle for use in the left hand seat.
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Freiberger, a design engineer at General Motors and Rose-Hulman graduate flew Ron's 1 in November 1971, it was a braced low-wing monoplane with a welded steel-tube fuselage covered with Ceconite. The two-spar wing had vee-bracing struts and was made of wood with a Ceconite covering. Ron's 1 had a fixed tailwheel type landing gear with fairings over the main wheels, the pilot and passenger sat in tandem open cockpits. Powered by a Lycoming O-320-B1B flat- four air-cooled engine driving a two-bladed metal fixed pitch propeller, Freiberger enclosed the engine in a radial-style cowling to give the aircraft a look of the early 1930s racing aircraft.
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Louis Peyret, who had unsuccessfully attempted to fly the Blériot III floatplane and had designed the Blériot VI, a tandem wing aircraft, was a friend of Louis Blériot. His post-World War I glider was a true tandem wing aircraft with two identical pairs of straight edged, constant chord high mounted wings, swept at 5°. Both also had 5° of dihedral but the front wing was mounted at a larger angle of incidence than the rear for longitudinal stability, as is the tailplane in a conventional aircraft. The wings were built up around tubular Duraluminum spars and braced with N shaped lift struts, also Duraluminum but with wooden fairings, which ran from the lower fuselage longerons to mid-span.
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The fuselage had flat sides aft of the wings and featured relatively short fairings either side of the circular engine cowling; towards the rear of the airframe, the fuselage tapered to the tail, which comprised a small fin and horn-balanced rudder arrangement. The equal-span single-bay wings were outfitted with atypically large ailerons on both the upper and lower mainplanes, a rubber bungee cord attached to the upper ailerons to return them to their standard position. At one early stage, it was known that the prototype was outfitted with a small hemispherical spinner. As the pilot was seated forward of the centre of gravity, the main fuel tank was necessarily behind the cockpit, below the oil tank.
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Othmar Ammann, a leading bridge designer and member of the Federal Works Agency Commission investigating the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, wrote: Following the incident, engineers took extra caution to incorporate aerodynamics into their designs, and wind-tunnel testing of designs was eventually made mandatory. The Bronx Whitestone Bridge, which is of similar design to the 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, was reinforced shortly after the collapse. Fourteen-foot-high (4.3 m) steel trusses were installed on both sides of the deck in 1943 to weigh down and stiffen the bridge in an effort to reduce oscillation. In 2003, the stiffening trusses were removed and aerodynamic fiberglass fairings were installed along both sides of the road deck.
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A 2013 survey of 4,424 readers of the US Consumer Reports magazine collected reliability data on 4,680 motorcycles purchased new from 2009 to 2012. The most common problem areas were accessories, brakes, electrical (including starters, charging, ignition), and fuel systems, and the types of motorcycles with the greatest problems were touring, off-road/dual sport, sport-touring, and cruisers. There were not enough sport bikes in the survey for a statistically significant conclusion, though the data hinted at reliability as good as cruisers. These results may be partially explained by accessories including such equipment as fairings, luggage, and auxiliary lighting, which are frequently added to touring, adventure touring/dual sport and sport touring bikes.
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Ambrosini SAI.207 Flight testing revealed some major shortcomings, most of which were not rectified before the Armistice in 1943; the low power and high wing loading resulted in poor climb performance; the light structure prevented more powerful cannon from being used as the recoil forces overstressed the mounting structure; the rear cylinders of the engine overheated during recovery from a dive; the light structure also led to problems, with the second prototype wing exploding during a dive recovery due to internal pressure built up, caused by the lack of internal fairings in the undercarriage bays. The wooden structure was also badly affected by rain or humidity. The pre-production batch of 12 aircraft served briefly with three squadrons.
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The 1.6 L turbo-charged engine was retained in the 2017 World Rally Car regulations, but the turbo restrictor diameter was increased from 33 mm to 36 mm, increasing the engine's power output from 310 bhp (223.7 kW) to 380 bhp (283.4 kW). Minimum vehicle weight was decreased by 25 kg. Manufacturers are also given more freedom to maximise aerodynamic performance, large brake cooling ducts in fairings forming enlarged wheel arches, and are allowed to use electronically-controlled active centre differentials, while the front and rear differentials remain mechanical. While 2011 specification World Rally Cars were allowed to compete in 2017, the new World Rally Cars were allowed for use by manufacturers' teams only.
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Five Lanier Vacuaplanes were built in the 1930s, followed by three Paraplanes from about 1948, before the Paraplane Commuter 110 which first flew in 1958. The Commuter 110 had a wing area of , large for its span, and controllable air entrance slots ("Vacua- Jets") under the lower surface near its leading edge, passing air to the upper surface for boundary layer control. Other details of the upper surface are scarce but photographs appear to show rear hinged, single-piece slats over Vacua-cells as well as narrow open channels next to the fuselage in the very long wing root fairings. Structurally, the cantilever mid wing had strongly cranked inner sections and was tapered in plan with elliptical wing tips.
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50-in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns in six power operated turrets (two dorsal, two waist, nose and tail); the B-24's ventral, retractable Sperry ball turret was omitted. Turbosuperchargers were not fitted to the Privateer's engines since maritime patrol missions were not usually flown at high altitude, improving performance and also saving weight. The navigator's astrodome was moved from its (B-24/PB4Y-1) position on the aircraft's upper nose to behind the first dorsal gun turret. Electronic countermeasure (ECM), communication and radar antennas also protruded or were enclosed in fairings at various locations on the fuselage of the Privateer, including a manually retractable AN/APS-2 radome behind the nose wheel well.
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Known as 4dl series 1 They can be identified by the separate rider and pillion seats, and it has a squared rear fairing with storage compartment under the seat accessed by a flap at the rear, upside down forks, scoops on the sides of the fairings. it is easily distinguished in comparison with the series 2 It was assembled by Belgarda in Italy from imported Japanese parts and made use of Italian components. Brembo brake system and rims, upside down Paioli forks and the crankcase manufactured by Moto Minarelli. The 4DLs can be identified by the code 3MB00 embossed on the cylinder block and 4DL at the start of the serial numbers on the crankcase and frames.
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Capt. Mario D'Agostini standing next to the rear of his CR.32, 1940 The Fiat CR.32 was a highly manoeuvrable biplane fighter aircraft; its agility was a major quality of the design. Its fuselage shared the same structure as the earlier CR.30, utilizing aluminium and steel tubes covered by duraluminium on the nose up to the cockpit, on the back, in the lower section under the tail, while a fabric covering was used on the sides and belly. According to Cattaneo, the fuselage was very robust for the time. The CR.32 was fitted with a fixed undercarriage arrangement, which incorporated two main legs, furnished with independent wheels housed within fairings and hydraulic shock absorbers; braking was achieved via a pneumatic system.
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In early spring 2013 he added two 3 kWh accessory batteries mounted as saddle bags, which increased the total capacity to 15 kWh. Realizing there are two Level 2 charging ports within reach at most charging stations, Hershner added a second J1772 socket and chargers to the motorcycle which now allowed him to charge at 14 kW instead of 7 kW. In an attempt to lower the aerodynamic drag coefficient, in May 2013, American motorcycle and fairing designer, Craig Vetter helped Hershner build a modern version of a Vetter Streamliner. The added fairings allowed Hershner’s electric motorcycle go nearly twice as far on a charge, and help span the wide gaps between charging locations in the south west desert along Interstate 10, that left him stranded before.
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It is expected however, to initially fly with less than the full complement of 28 engines, perhaps approximately 20. The Super Heavy external design changed throughout 2019/20 as the detailed design was iterated and the Raptor engines were tested and achieved higher power levels. In September 2019, a design change for the booster stage to have six fins that serve exclusively as fairings to cover the six landing legs, and four diamond-shaped welded steel grid fins to provide aerodynamic control on descent, was discussed. In August 2020, as the first build of "booster prototype 1" was to get underway, Musk noted that the leg design had been modified to just four landing legs and fins, to improve supersonic engine plume re-circulation margins.
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Further work will be needed to support Falcon Heavy and crewed launches which is expected to take at least 60 days and is currently planned to occur after Cape Canaveral LC-40 is back in operation, not earlier than October 2017. SpaceX's first crewed space missions are expected to launch in 2019 from the Kennedy LC-39A launch pad. In April 2018, SpaceX completed a draft environmental assessment for a new facility "that would include a booster processing hangar and launch control center on of KSC property" to support a faster flight rate of "Falcon rockets, including processing of landed booster stages and recovered payload fairings for reuse."SpaceX proposing expansion of Florida launch processing facilities, 11 June 2018, accessed 12 June 2018.
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834 Travelers had been produced when production of this model ceased in 1975. Grumman American AA-5 Traveler Grumman American AA-5 Traveler Grumman American AA-5A Cheetah The Grumman American AA-5A Cheetah "leaping cheetah" emblem that differentiated the AA-5A from the earlier AA-5 Traveler Grumman American AA-5B Tiger The Grumman American "Galloping Tiger" emblem adopted to differentiate the AA-5B Tiger from earlier AA-5 models A redesign of the AA-5 was undertaken in 1974 and as a result the 1975 model Traveler featured an aerodynamic cleanup of the engine cowling and main landing gear fairings. The tail section remained unchanged. As a result of these changes the 1975 Traveler had a cruise speed of .
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From late 1942, in an attempt to achieve some degree of parity with the Fw 190, some squadrons received the L.F Mark VB. This version had reduced diameter supercharger impeller blades on the Merlin for optimum performance at lower altitudes and the wing-tips were removed and replaced by short fairings to improve their rate of roll.Price 2002, pp. 139–140, 144–145. These aircraft were unofficially known by their pilots as "clipped, cropped and clapped" Spits, referring to the fact that many of these Spitfires, thus modified, had seen better days ("clapped out").Price 1997 The flight performance of an early Mk IX, which was flown against the Focke-Wulf in July 1942, was found to be closely comparable.
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Assembly of "Section 41", the nose section of the Boeing 787 Subcontracted assemblies included wing and center wing box (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan; Subaru Corporation, Japan);"Boeing's Big Dream", Fortune, May 5, 2008, p. 184. horizontal stabilizers (Alenia Aeronautica, Italy; Korea Aerospace Industries, South Korea); fuselage sections (Global Aeronautica, Italy; Boeing, North Charleston, US; Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Japan; Spirit AeroSystems, Wichita, US; Korean Air, South Korea); passenger doors (Latécoère, France); cargo doors, access doors, and crew escape door (Saab AB, Sweden); software development (HCL Enterprise India); floor beams (TAL Manufacturing Solutions Limited, India); wiring (Labinal, France); wing-tips, flap support fairings, wheel well bulkhead, and longerons (Korean Air, South Korea); landing gear (Messier-Bugatti-Dowty, UK/France);Kennedy, Bill. "Wheels up", Cutting Tool Engineering, March 2009.
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While the tail is to the one in the 2009-2012 model, it features new front and side fairings, new dash, new frame, new Showa BPF-SFF front suspension, Kawasaki Traction Control (KTRC) with three modes (sport, city and rain) as standard equipment, and Kawasaki Intelligent anti-lock Brake System (KIBS) available as option. In Showa's Big Piston Fork - Separate Function Fork (BPF-SFF) suspension, the left leg bar a bigger and stronger spring than the right one, with regulated pre-load. The right bar has bigger oil damper section, with regulated rebound and compression damping. According to the manufacturer, this asymmetric design provides a reduction of the friction inside the fork, significant mass loss and more friendly response of suspension.
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A helical strake on a chimney stack Fairings can be fitted to a structure to streamline the flow past the structure, such as on an aircraft wing. Tall metal smokestacks or other tubular structures such as antenna masts or tethered cables can be fitted with an external corkscrew fin (a strake) to deliberately introduce turbulence, so the load is less variable and resonant load frequencies have negligible amplitudes. The effectiveness of helical strakes for reducing vortex induced vibration was discovered in 1957 by Christopher Scruton and D. E. J. Walshe at the National Physics Laboratory in Great Britain.Scruton, C.; Walshe, D.E.J. (October 1957) "A means for avoiding wind-excited oscillations of structures with circular or nearly circular cross section" National Physics Laboratory (Great Britain), Aerodynamics Report 335.
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Following the success of the 2009 Honda XRE300, Yamaha introduced the Ténéré to fill the empty market niche. Virtually the same as the Lander, it differs in its adventure approach, having a 16L tank instead of 11, with larger fairings; independent chassis-mounted headlight piece with windshield and display panel (leaving the handlebar lighter); the suspension course is a 20 mm shorter in both ends; the seat is sectioned for a more comfortable longer ride to both driver and pillion; 2 headlights, both considerably brighter than Lander's; lower handlebar position; and front fenders closer to the wheel. It was available in white, black, light blue, sand, dark blue, red and grey, with varying graphics. Its design was heavily influenced by the Japanese/European XT 1200Z Super Ténéré.
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On 10 June 1959, the prototype Rallye, powered by a engine, conducted its maiden flight. On 21 November 1961, the first production versions of the aircraft, designated as the MS.880B and more powerful MS.885, received their type certification, clearing them to perform operational flights.Taylor 1976, p. 64. Thereafter, a range of improvements and alterations were progressively made upon the design as new models of the Rallye were introduced; typical advances included the adoption of more powerful engines, improved payload capability, and strengthened structure, the addition of wheel fairings, increased ground clearance for the propeller, expanded rudder and ailerons, and changes to the cockpit canopy arrangement. On 19 November 1962, Morane-Saulnier filed for bankruptcy, and in January 1963 was placed under the control of Potez, which established the (SEEMS) to manage its assets.
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Anxious to retain its position as chief supplier of observation aircraft to the USAAC, Douglas developed a proposal for a high- wing monoplane successor to the O-2. A contract was signed on January 7, 1930 for two XO-31 prototype aircraft, the first of them being flown in December of the same year. A fabric-covered gull-wing monoplane, the XO-31 had a slim corrugated dural-wrapped fuselage, similar to the Thomas-Morse O-19,"United States Military Aircraft Since 1909" by F. G. Swanborough & Peter M. Bowers (Putnam New York, ) 1964, 596 pp. carrying a tandem arrangement of open cockpits for the pilot and observer. It had one Curtiss GIV-1570-FM Conqueror V-12 engine and fixed landing gear with provision for large wheel fairings.
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Despite public statements that they would endeavor to make the Falcon 9 second-stage reusable as well, by late 2014, SpaceX determined that the mass needed for a re-entry heat shield, landing engines, and other equipment to support recovery of the second stage was at that time prohibitive, and indefinitely suspended their second-stage reusability plans for the Falcon line. However, in 2017, they indicated that they might do experimental tests on recovering one or more second-stages to learn more about reusability to inform their new, much-larger, Starship launch vehicle development process. Elon Musk announced, on 15 April 2018, that the company will be returning the second stage of a future Falcon 9 mission using "a giant party balloon". Payload fairings have survived descent and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.
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There were leading edge slats on the outer half of the wing with fabric-covered ailerons and inboard slotted flaps on the trailing edge. The undercarriage legs of the H.P.51 were longer than those of the H.P.43 because there was no anhedral wing section: the main legs went vertically to the spar just behind the engine mounting and were each braced to the fuselage with a pair of struts from top and bottom of the leg. The resulting landing gear had a wide track, with legs in streamlined fairings and the wheels in spats. The fabric-covered, tube framed fuselage was that of the H.P.43, though extended by 31 inches (787 mm) to provide the larger tail moment required by the monoplane's broader chord wings.
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James Martin, broadly responding to Specification F.5/34 for a fighter using an air-cooled engine for hot climates, designed a fighter using the simple basic structure employed and developed in his earlier MB 1. Constructed of steel tubing, the MB 2 incorporated many detailed improvements which further simplified production as well as repair and maintenance. Powered by a special Napier Dagger III HIM 24-cylinder H-type engine of 805 nominal bhp, but capable of operation at 13 lb boost to give over 1,000 hp for takeoff, driving a fixed-pitch, two-blade propeller, the MB 2 was capable of 300+ mph (480 km/h) speeds "on paper." The undercarriage was fixed but cleanly faired in two trouser-type fairings, the port one carrying the oil-cooler.
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Two major modifications were required, the first involving the standard underwing podded Allison J71 engines being removed and replaced by a pair of static thrust General Electric XJ79-GE-13 non-afterburning turbojets mounted in pods attached to the rear of the fuselage sides. Bleed air from the J79 engines was fed into a pair of underwing fairings, each of which housed a "bleed-burn" turbine which sucked the boundary layer air out through the wing slots. The X-21A test vehicles (55-0408 and 55-0410) also incorporated sophisticated laminar flow control systems built into a completely new wing of increased span and area, with a sweep reduced from 35° to 30°. The wing had a multiple series of span-wise slots (800,000 in total)Winchester 2005 p. 297.
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G 520T during ground testing The G 520 is a fully composite conventional mid-wing monoplane with extremely high aspect ratio wings. Power is provided by a single turboprop Honeywell TPE 331-14F with a 4-blade Hartzell propeller, and it is equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, whose main units retract into fairings on the wings. The flexible payload-bay concept of the G 520 can accommodate multiple mission systems for both civilian and military applications and 12 payload compartments for up to 850 kg of mission equipment make the G 520 an ideal multi-role platform for a wide range of missions. The cockpit of the G 520T provides room for a pilot and a sensor operator as well as for equipment which has to be placed inside the pressurized cabin.
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The On Mark Engineering Company was involved in the maintenance and conversion of Douglas A-26 Invaders for both civil and military customers from 1954 to mid-1970s, The first conversions mainly involved the removal of military equipment and replacement with fairings and civil avionics, sealing of the bomb bay doors, soundproofing, and additional cabin windows. The original "gunner's hatch" was replaced with a larger retractable entrance door, and room for baggage was provided in the nose section. They had improved brake systems and fuel systems and uprated engines with reversible-pitch propellers. About 1957 the company had developed a major modification that replaced the "carry-through" section of the rear wing spar with a circumferential steel "ring spar" that freed the fuselage space for better passenger accommodation and cockpit access.
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Nieuport 17bis prototype in French markings. The forward rake of the front cabane struts is evident Nieuport 17bis from above showing off the square ailerons. The Nieuport 17bis designation was initially used by Nieuport for a Nieuport 11 variant that had been retrofitted with the wings and side fairings from a Nieuport 17, however this type was not produced in any numbers and the designation was reused. The Nieuport 17bis was the first of the vee strut scouts to feature a fully streamlined fuselage, with longitudinal stringers to fair out the shape. Other than the changes to the fuselage, minimal alterations were made, and unlike the later 24, 24bis and 27, the flying surfaces remained the same as used on the 17, as was much of the internal structure.
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A Bell P-39N-1 Airacobra (USAAF serial 42-9377) which was supplied by the U.S. Army Air Force to the Italian Regia Aeronautica's (Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force) 4th Stormo in the summer of 1944. In June 1944, the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force (ICAF) received 170 P-39s, most of them -Qs, and a few -Ns (15th USAAF surplus aircraft stored in Napoli-Capodichino airfield) and also at least one -L and five -Ms. The P-39 N (without the underwing fairings for 12.7 mm machine guns) had engines with about 200 hours; a little newer than the P-39Q engines with 30–150 hours. A total of 149 P-39s would be used: the P-39N for training, while newer Qs were used in the front line.
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Character size, layouts, and colour use are more strictly enforced for accurate identification and optimum visibility. However, the dimensions of the plates displaying the license number are more loosely enforced. While many vehicles display plates in regulation dimensions or are housed in dealer plate frames with standardised dimensions, some license plates are outlined to precisely fit into vastly larger recessed spaces holding the rear license plates, or appear with reduced or custom dimensions where no proper alcoves exist, as commonly practiced on the front fenders and fairings of most motorcycles and the front of sports cars. A compact version of Arial Bold is currently the typeface preferred by the Road Transport Department and is thus the most commonly used, but other easy-to-read typefaces are generally acceptable.
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Using a large concrete mold, a single half of the fuselage shell was laminated in sections with glue between each layer and then a rubber bladder was lowered into the mold and inflated with air to compress the lamination into shape against the inside of the mold. The two fuselage halves were then nailed and glued over a separately constructed rib framework. With the fuselage constructed in this fashion, the wing spar couldn't cut through the fuselage, so the single spar cantilever wing was mounted atop the aircraft. Only the engine and landing gear remained essentially unstreamlined, and on the production versions the undercarriage had teardrop shaped fairings covering the wheels, while only the earliest versions lacked NACA cowlings and had the engine cylinders exposed to the airstream.
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The reason for this is to avoid potential speed wobble under full acceleration due to the motocross style handlebars atop high machined ergal risers causing the rider to sit more upright, resulting in less weight over the front wheel. The main difference is the lack of significant bodywork (fairings). The base model Tuono (known as the Tuono Fighter in the US market for 2003 and as the RSV Tuono for the 2004-2005 models) and the high spec Tuono Factory all share the same frame-mounted bikini fairing and body covers, either in plastic for the base model or carbon fibre for the Factory models. The frame and swingarm of the 2003 Tuono (Tuono Fighter in the US market) was a light bronze color, whereas the 2004 and 2005 models sported a black frame and swingarm.
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The lift engines were mounted vertically in side-by-side pairs in a central bay so that their resultant thrust line passed close to the centre of gravity of the aircraft. These pairs of engines could be swivelled fore-and- aft to produce vectored thrust for acceleration/deceleration along the aircraft's longitudinal axis. SBAC show in 1961, showing the oleo leg fairings and the lift engine automatic inlet louvres added in mid-1960 During conventional flight, the lift engines would be shut down; before beginning the transition from horizontal to vertical flight, they would be started using compressed air from the single cruise engine. The compressed air provided the initial rotation of the engine but a pressure drop from intake to exhaust had to be present also as the compressed air alone was not adequate for reaching idle speed.
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For the first time flaps (of the split type) were fitted. The wing remained wooden but a steel framed, fabric covered fuselage was used and the fin and elevator were similarly constructed. The new fuselage construction allowed the E.117 to have cabin doors for the first time, as well as a more generous interior. It had cantilever undercarriage legs, with wheels in fairings and a tailwheel in place of the skid used by most of the E.114s and E.115, though one of the only two E.117s built flew for a time with a tricycle undercarriage, its mainlegs moved rearwards and with a faired nosewheel assembly. The E.214, which appeared in about 1936 or 1937 was essentially an E.114 with a 56 kW (75 hp) Pobjoy R seven-cylinder radial engine.
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Bōsōzoku-style customized motorcycle Bōsōzoku are known to modify their motorcycles in peculiar and showy ways, which are called Kaizōsha (改造車,"Modified Vehicles"). The general style of bōsōzoku bike modification appears to combine elements of an American chopper bike and a British café racer. Examples of modifications that are taken from these styles are raised handle bars like those on a chopper or over-sized fairings like those found on café racers (though bōsōzoku usually fit them much higher on the bike than their original position, and angled upwards at the front). A typical customized bōsōzoku bike starts off by taking an average 250-400cc Japanese road bike, adding a shugo exhaust system (multiple tube header), squeezing the handlebars inwards (known as shibori), and adding a 3 or 4-trumpet horn- sanren or yonren, respectively.
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These were single- acting, relying on the airflow to maintain them in a neutral position unless pulled downwards by using the flight controls. The interplane struts were steel tubing with wood fairings to produce a streamline section. The wings could be swung out from the pilot's position, by means of a hand-winch in the cockpit, locking being accomplished by means of a splined and threaded spigot in the forward spar, locked and unlocked by a quarter-turn in a similar manner to the breech of a field-gun. In the folded position the wings were supported by a transverse shaft mounted in front of the tailplane: this was rotated by a lever in the cockpit so that its upturned ends engaged with slots on the interplane struts in order to lock the wings in the folded position.
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Instrumentation of a Velocette Thruxton motorcycle Geoff Dodkin and L.Stevens were two well- known specialist motorcycle retailers in the London area offering mechanical upgrades and cycle customising parts backed by their own race experiences. These included nimonic valves, larger lightweight aluminium oil and fuel tanks, seats, smaller megaphone silencers and an alloy top yoke. The Avon race fairing (made by Mitchenall Brothers) was introduced in 1964 in time for the June Isle of Man TT RacesMotorcycle Mechanics, November 1964, "After their successful introduction in the Isle of Man, the new Avon fairings are on sale to the general public.... The fairing is available for Cotton Aermacchi Manx 7R and G50 machines". Accessed 2013-08-05 but the transparent, aerodynamic 'nose-cone' extending over the front race number plate area was soon 'outlawed' by the ACU, the UK motorcycle race-organisation governing body.
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It also has a fly-by-wire design as well as fairings installed aft of the engine exhausts and on the tail spine, which are likely housings for satellite communications or the BeiDou satellite navigation system. Aviation Week points out that China may had decided it was better to improve upon the proven known design of the 1970s S-70/UH-60 Black Hawk that fits PLA operational requirements than to assume developmental risks. This was consistent with the strategy that China used with the development of the Z-8 and Z-9 helicopters. The Z-20 is believed to be powered by the domestic WZ-10 turboshaft engine providing 1,800 kW (about 2,400 shp), compared to the GE T700-701D engine that produces 1,500 kW (about 2,011 shp) on the S-70/UH-60 Black Hawk.
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2014 Triumph Street Triple R Though it has its styling roots in the café racer culture of the 1950s and 1960s, the streetfighter is very much inspired by the new Japanese bikes of the late 1970s and early 1980s,Street Bikes by R Eagen 2007 possibly from young riders in the UK who couldn't afford to replace damaged fairings after repeated crashes. Later, more appropriate headlights were added, then high handlebars to aid in wheelies and other stunts. The first sighting of the streetfighter design template was seen in Bike magazine in 1983 when the editor commissioned Andy Sparrow to draw a comic strip to replace Ogri. It was titled Bloodrunners and featured dispatch riders, delivering blood and live human organs for transplant operations in which bikers rode enormous Japanese inline fours with turbos, with no extraneous parts.
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Falling sales of the Series C Vincent motorcycles during 1952 and 1953 was partly attributed to dated styling, so Philip Vincent sought to update the range and development began on what were to become the Series D machines. The main changes were redesigned frame components, resited oil tank, larger fuel tank, smaller diameter wheels, one-less rear brake drum, new design carburettors and updated electrics. Black Knight and Black Prince versions were innovative in using full enclosure and weather protection, with glass fibre panels that included leg shields and a handlebar fairing. This was not about streamlining for speed, as the fairings reduced top speed by , although the Vincent was already powerful enough for riders of the day – it was instead about the idea that the rider could travel to work in a suit rather than full motorcycle kit.
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It became slender aft. The side-by-side cockpit was set slightly into the wing leading edge and a baggage space or third seat was placed in the trailing edge. On the water, lateral stability was provided by fixed, flat bottomed floats mounted on the wing at mid-span on pairs of parallel struts. The wheeled undercarriage of the amphibian attracted contemporary notice for its neatness: the mainwheel legs were enclosed in fairings, rotated through about 180° rearwards then upwards along the fuselage sides, positioning the retracted wheels in the wing roots. The first SM.80 was originally powered by a 112 kW (150 hp) six cylinder inline engine Alfa-Romeo built Colombo S.63 engine, mounted centrally well above the wing on a parallel pair of forward leaning N-form struts, supplemented by a transverse V-shaped bracing.
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In order to extract more speed, and endow the boat with greater high speed stability, in both pitch and yaw, K7 was subtly modified in the second half of the 1950s to incorporate more effective streamlining with a blown Perspex cockpit canopy and fluting to the lower part of the main hull. In 1958, a small wedge shaped tail fin, housing an arrester parachute, modified sponson fairings, that gave a significant reduction in forward aerodynamic lift, and a fixed hydrodynamic stabilising fin, attached to the transom to aid directional stability, and exert a marginal down-force on the nose were incorporated into the design to increase the safe operating envelope of the hydroplane. Thus she reached in 1956, where an unprecedented peak speed of was achieved on the first run, in 1957, in 1958 and in 1959.
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The publication also suggests that the medium-grey color implies a mid-altitude ceiling, unlikely to exceed since a higher ceiling would normally be painted darker for best concealment. The postulated weight and ceiling parameters suggests the possible use of a General Electric TF34 engine, or a variant, in the airframe. US Army recognition drawings of the RQ-170 On the basis of the few publicly available photographs of the RQ-170, aviation expert Bill Sweetman has assessed that the UAV is equipped with an electro-optical/infrared sensor and possibly an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar mounted in its belly fairing. He has also speculated that the two undercarriage fairings over the UAV's wings may house datalinks and that the belly fairing could be designed for modular payloads, allowing the UAV to be used for strike missions and/or electronic warfare.
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Other business included MRO services to foreign Northrop F-5 fighter aircraft, repair work on AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles for the United States Air Force and production of payload fairings for the US's Atlas V launch vehicle. RUAG's Land Systems division was also had optimism in the civilian sector, performing component assembly for injection moulding machines used in compact disc production. By the end of 2001, RUAG had reached a turning point, reporting 8 per cent overall growth for that financial year despite a sustained decline in the domestic defence sector; these gains were achieved upon the international market, particularly within the civilian sector. RUAG was negatively impacted by the Great Recession that started during 2008, soon thereafter reporting a significant drop in orders from the civilian sector, particularly for aerostructures and MRO services, as well as its automotive and semiconductor interests.
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During the winter of 1926/7 Babs was fitted with yet another new body, partially enclosing the drive and rear wheels by fairings. Parry-Thomas was killed at Pendine Sands on 3 March 1927 while trying to regain his own world land speed record that had been broken just weeks earlier by Malcolm Campbell on the same beach. At the time of the accident it was thought that the right-hand chain had broken and had hit Thomas, causing a fatal head injury as the car was rolling. During the subsequent restoration of the car, it was found that this could not have been the case and that it was more likely that Thomas had been killed as a result of the injuries he sustained while the car rolled and slid along the beach at more than .
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Flight tests revealed a serious drag problem, which was addressed via the adoption of Küchemann wingtips and "beaver tail" engine nacelle fairings, as well as a redesigned basal rudder segment for greater control effectiveness; these aerodynamic refinements considerably elongated the testing process.Cole 2000, pp. 69, 74. The certification programme included visits to Nairobi, Khartoum, Rome, Kano, Aden, Salisbury and Beirut. A VC10 flew across the Atlantic to Montreal on 8 February 1964. By this point, seven of the original 12 Standards were complete and the production line was preparing for the Supers. A Certificate of Airworthiness was awarded on 23 April 1964 and the plane was introduced to regular passenger service between London and Lagos on 29 April.Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 473.Cole 2000, p. 74. By the end of 1964, all production requirements had been fulfilled; Vickers (now part of BAC) retained the prototype.
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Chis Vincent on the Norton-BSA outfit he used for 1958 in grasstrack and 1959 for road racing, just by changing the tyre tread, a low sitter achieved by 16 inch wheels instead of 19 and showing an early version of the passenger platform which endured until the late 1970s When the sidecar world championships began in 1949, they were dominated by unambiguous, orthodox outfits where a sidecar was attached to a conventional solo motorcycle. Rigidity and strength were poorly understood and pre-war machines have been described as "scaffolding on wheels". Development was based around cutting weight, providing a flat platform for the passenger, and reducing drag around the sidecar wheel and at the front of the sidecar platform. When developments in dolphin and dustbin fairings on solo machines proved successful at reducing drag, it was natural to adapt similar streamlined enclosures for the sidecar outfits.
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After the death of Stonebridge, Greeves signed Dave Bickers, who won the 1960 and 1961 250 cc championship.Greeves History Frank Conley's The company went on to win the Manx Grand Prix, the Scott Trial, the European Trials Championship and the Scottish Six Days Trial, winning gold medals in the ISDT and the ACU 250 cc Road Race. Bert Greeves also managed to sign up Bill Wilkinson, the Yorkshire trials rider who made the headlines when he won the British Experts Trail competition in 1960, the first time it had ever been won on a two-stroke motorcycle and a significant result for the Greeves factory. Greeves 250DCX Sportsman 1962 In 1963 the Greeves range still included the 25DC Sports Twin and two new models with the latest glass fibre tanks and handlebar fairings, as well as plastic mudguards. These were the 25DD 'Essex' and the 250 DCX 'Sportsman'.
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To cope with increased air turbulence at low level, the B.2 had a strengthened airframe. In particular, the wing was strengthened with the removal of the cut-outs in the wing structure into which the main wheels retracted, allowing the wing torsion box structure to be uninterrupted and giving more room for internal fuel storage; instead the main landing gear, which had four wheels instead of the two wheels of the B.1, retracted backwards into large fairings set into the rear of the wings.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 77–78. The B.2 had a lengthened fuselage with a total length of , in contrast to a length of for the Valiant B.1, with the extra length giving room for more avionics.Jones 2007, pp. 32, 36. The prototype B.2, serial number WJ954 first flew on 4 September 1953.Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 445.
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The fuselage was of monocoque construction, with one pair of guns mounted either side of the cockpit and the other pair in the 'trouser' fairings of the undercarriage. The wing was of unusual construction, having a single main spar, forward of which the condensers of the engine cooling system formed the entire leading edge of the wing, the combination of the two producing a 'D-box' spar of great torsional rigidity. Behind the main spar the wing was fabric-covered. The evaporative cooling system used by the Goshawk involved allowing the cooling water to reach a temperature greater than 100 °C without boiling by keeping it under pressure while circulating through the engine: this superheated water was then allowed to boil off by releasing the pressure, the resulting steam then being cooled in a condenser, collected as water and then recirculated through the engine.
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The second generation Honda CB900F is a standard motorcycle based on a sport bike engine but with a more upright seating position and revised engine and gearing, providing performance and comfort between a typical sport bike and a cruiser. It was called the Hornet in Europe and the 919 in North America because the trademark for the vehicle name Hornet in North America was held by Chrysler, acquired after buying AMC, maker of the AMC Hornet car. In some ways the concept dates to a 1994 design study created by American Honda's R&D; chief product evaluator Dirk Vandenberg in cooperation with Cycle World magazine, a streetfighter-like one-off custom based on the Honda CBR900RR, with the fairings removed, high, tubular handlebar, and tuning and gearing modified to boost low-end torque. Vandenberg saw a market in the "older sportbike crowd" who are seeking high performance without an awkward riding position or racetrack style bodywork.
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Payload fairings have traditionally been expendable, where they have either burned up in the atmosphere or were destroyed upon impacting the ocean. As early as mid-2015, Musk hinted that SpaceX might be working on fairing reusability, following the discovery of wreckage of an unidentified Falcon 9 launch vehicle section off the coast of The Bahamas, and was subsequently confirmed by SpaceX to be a component of a payload fairing that had washed ashore. By April 2016, SpaceX had publicly announced Falcon 9 fairing recovery as an objective. The cost of the fairing is about $6 million per launch, which accounts for approximately ten percent of the overall launch costs. In March 2017, as part of the SES-10 mission, SpaceX for the first time performed a controlled landing of the payload fairing and successfully recovered a fairing half, aided by attitude-control thrusters and a steerable parachute, helping it glide towards a gentle touchdown on water.
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1968 Groundbreaking ceremony 1969 Opening with a combined car and motorbike race 1970 First Grand Prix of Austria for Motorbikes 1971 First FIM Motorbike World Championship race 2012-2014 Touring Car World Championships 2013 First Electric Love Festival which, in 2018, brought 180,000 attendees to the track 2019 50thanniversary The race track was first opened in 1969. Lying in a narrow, alpine valley, it has a rather simple layout, with two long straights plus the sweeping and fast "Fahrerlagerkurve" ("paddock turn") at the bottom, and the narrow "Nockstein-Kehre" on the top. In spite of its simple layout, it garnered a fearsome reputation for the high speeds reached on the straights and the "Fahrerlagerkurve". Michael Doohan describes the section between 7 and 10 as his all time favorite piece of racetrack, likening it to "threading a motorcycle through the eye of a needle at 180mph whilst banging fairings with your competitors with armco barriers on each side".
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The initial order was for 300 aircraft with a Pratt & Whitney R-985-25 radial. The first aircraft was delivered to the USAAC in June 1940. Minter Field, California, 1 March 1943 Museum of Aviation at Robins AFB, Georgia The BT-13A was produced to the extent of 7,037 aircraft and differed only in the substitution of a Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 radial engine, and deletion of the landing gear fairings. 1,125 units designated BT-13B were then produced; they differed from the A model in replacing the 12v electrical system with a 24v system. Due an industry-wide demand for the Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine, a total of 1,263 units were then produced incorporating the Wright R-975-11 engine of equal power rating. They were accepted by the USAAC as BT-15. The US Navy also ordered 1,150 BT-13A models under the designation SNV-1. It also ordered another 650 units designated SNV-2, based on the BT-13B.
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The prototype H.230.01, made its first flight in June 1937. The aircraft resembled its predecessor, the H.220 fighter-bomber, but had a lightened and simplified structure. The H.230.01 was powered by two Salmson 6Af engines and its configuration included a short crew canopy faired into the upper decking of the rear fuselage and a conventional strut-braced tail unit, and the fixed main landing gear units incorporated spatted wheel fairings. During further tests it was decided to introduce considerable dihedral at the wingtips to improve stability, but the H.231.01 which followed in May 1938 had dihedral increased over the whole wing span, and the unusual wingtip arrangement of the modified H.230 was eliminated. Twin fins and rudders were introduced and the power was increased with new Salmson 6Af-02 engines. The Hanriot H.232.01 had a single fin and rudder and was equipped with twin Renault 6Q-02/03, (left and right hand propeller rotation), engines plus retractable landing gear.
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Selective use is made of titanium, composites and other corrosion-free materials. The wings are fitted with underwing stabiliser floats. The hydraulically operated retractable landing gear units all retract rearward, and each unit is twin- wheeled. A water rudder provides steering when in the water. It can operate from either a 1,800 m long runway or an area of open water not less than 2,300 m long and 2.5 m deep, with waves of up to 1.3 m high. The aircraft is powered by two, over fuselage, pylon-mounted Progress D-436TP engines. The D-436TP is a specific "maritime" corrosion-resistant version of the D-436 three shaft turbofan engine, designed especially for the Be-200 amphibian, by Ivchenko Progress ZMKB and manufactured by Motor Sich in Ukraine. These are mounted above the wingroot pods on the landing gear fairings to prevent water spraying into the engines during take-off and landing.
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The project suffered numerous delays and cost increases (due in part to the changing requirements of the RAAF and in part to the inexperience of the consortium members in designing to military requirements) and shortly after the prototype was completed at HdH's Bankstown factory the programme was cancelled at the end of 1985.Keith Meggs The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation retrieved 10 August 2007 Earlier in 1985 HdH purchased CAC, which was initially kept as a separate company but was then renamed Hawker de Havilland Victoria (HdHV) the following year. At the time of the purchase both companies were in the initial stages of producing components for the GAF-built version of the F/A-18 Hornet. HdH at Bankstown was responsible for the landing gear and major hydraulic system components including aileron, rudder and flap actuators and hydraulic fluid reservoirs; while CAC/HdHV was responsible for the wing pylons, engine access panels, aft nozzle fairings, aircraft-mounted accessory drive gearboxes and engines.
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In layout and general appearance the Type F was similar to the earlier Type D and its contemporary, the Type E. Like them, the wings of the Type F had a strongly curved leading edge and a straight but swept-back trailing edge. They were wire braced above and below with the upper wires attached to a four-strut pyramidal pylon above the cockpit and below to the undercarriage structure, which was very similar to that of the Type E. Lateral control was by wing warping; the outer 40% of each wing was relatively flexible and could be twisted by wires running from the cockpit via the pylon to kingposts at 60% span. The Type F did not have the chord extensions seen on the outer parts of the Type E's wings. The Type F had a deep rectangular cross-section fuselage, narrowing to the rear, with fairings above and below for streamlining.
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Fw 190 V5k. This is the V5 with the original small wing. The 12-blade cooling fan and redesigned undercarriage and canopy fairings are visible. ;Fw 190 V5:Fitted with the larger, more powerful 14-cylinder two-row BMW 801 radial engine. This engine introduced a pioneering example of an engine management system called the Kommandogerät (command-device) designed by BMW, who also designed the 801's forward cowling with its integral oil cooling system: the Kommandogerät functioned in effect as an electro-mechanical computer which set mixture, propeller pitch (for the constant-speed propeller), boost, and magneto timing.Spenser 1987, p. 56. ;Fw 190 V5k: (kleine Fläche — small surface) The smaller span initial variant re-designated after the longer span wing was fitted. The V5 first flew in the early spring of 1940. The weight increase with all of the modifications was substantial, about 635 kg (1,400 lb), leading to higher wing loading and a deterioration in handling.
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The main undercarriage was fixed and divided; some aircraft had wheel fairings, others did not. A fixed tailskid, or a later tailwheel, was used. Some aircraft were fitted with floats or skis instead of the main wheels. In its original configuration, designated the Ju 52/1m, the Ju 52 was a single-engined aircraft, powered by either a BMW IV or Junkers liquid-cooled V-12 engine. However, the single-engined model was deemed to been underpowered and, after seven prototypes had been completed, all subsequent Ju 52s were built with three radial engines as the Ju 52/3m (drei motoren—"three engines"). Originally powered by three Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet radial engines, later production models mainly received 574 kW (770 hp) BMW 132 engines, a licence-built refinement of the Pratt & Whitney design. Export models were also built with 447 kW (600 hp) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp and 578 kW (775 hp) Bristol Pegasus VI engines.
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The twin-wheeled nose and main gears had levered suspension and different tracks to improve rough-field performance. The kneeling undercarriage was initiated at the start of the takeoff run and gradually bled oil out of the Oleo-pneumatic strut until the required incidence of three degrees was reached just before liftoff. After takeoff the undercarriage was selected to retract which reversed the oil flow as the undercarriage retracted. All undercarriages were enclosed with fairings and doors when retracted. The bicycle undercarriage arrangement was tested on the Alekseyev I-215D. The seven-stage axial compressor Lyul'ka TR-3A (later AL-5) turbojet engines, with variable exhaust nozzles and petrol engine starters, were housed in the streamlined nacelles attached to pylons at 26% span. To boost takeoff performance, four '126-1' JATO rockets of 2,000 kg (4,410 lb)for 17s could be attached to the rear fuselage ('129-1' JATO bottles were used on the prototype). The control system of the '150' was revolutionary for its time, with irreversible, electrically signalled and electrically driven screwjacks operating the control surfaces.
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The ailerons of the early models were long, occupying about 60% of the trailing edge, and broad chord. There were flaps inboard of them, with three intermediate positions between the extreme -7° (up) and +21° deflections, though the last ten R-22Ss had no flaps. Because the wingtips of the R-22SV were not rounded but squared- off, with "almond" fairings, their Frise-type, mass-balanced, divided ailerons were shorter, less than half the span, and were also narrower to compensate for the lost wing area. The R-22 had Gôttingen spoilers mounted on to the rear of the spar but on early production R-22SVs they were replaced with spoilers of Rubik's own design, which had three horizontal close-spaced metal channels in both lower and upper brakes, each fitting within the next for compact retraction. These failed to produce the expected braking and the Gôttingen type was reintroduced in later R-22SVs and used in all later models. The ovoid-section, wooden fuselage of the original design, the R-22, was a ply covered, semi-monocoque shell formed over frames and stringers.
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The pilot was positioned within a fully enclosed air-conditioned and heated cockpit, while the observer was seated directly behind him and could descend into the ventral gondola during applicable parts of a given mission. The fixed undercarriage comprised a pair of cantilever struts and single tail skid, all of which were outfitted with pneumatic shock absorbers built by Czechoslovakian company Avia. When prepared for operating from rough or austere airfields, the streamlined fairings over the wheels would have to be removed in advance.Cynk 1966, pp. 3, 7-8. The aircraft were equipped with one of the following engines: Bristol Pegasus IIM2 normal: 570 hp (425 kW), maximum: 670 hp (500 kW) - PZL.23A; Pegasus VIII normal: 650 hp (485 kW), maximum: 720 (537 kW) - PZL.23B. Early Polish-built engines had encountered several common issues, including crankshaft fractures and reduction gears jamming; the original engine manufacturer, Bristol, had not amended the drawings and specifications provided to Poland to incorporate their latest improvements to the Pegasus, which addressed these issues. For the export market, it was outfitted with either the Gnome-Rhône 14K or Gnome-Rhône 14N-01 engines.
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The first Harrow was delivered to No. 214 Squadron RAF on 13 January 1937, with all 100 delivered by the end of the year, with five bomber squadrons of the RAF being equipped with the Harrow. The Fleet Air Arm ordered 100 Harrows but Handley Page lacked the production capacity to supply them. Despite being fitted with cabin heating by steam boilers using exhaust heat, the Harrow gained a reputation of being a cold and draughty aircraft, owing to the turret design.Mason 1994, pp. 301–302. As the delivery of more modern bombers increased, the Harrow was phased out as a frontline bomber by the end of 1939 but continued to be used as a transport. 271 Squadron was formed on 1 May 1940 with a mixture of Harrows, Bristol Bombays and impressed civil aircraft.Thetford 1957 pp. 248–9 While the other aircraft equipping 271 Squadron were replaced by Douglas Dakotas, it retained a flight of Harrows (sometimes nicknamed "Sparrows" due to their new nose fairings to give a more streamlined fuselage) as transports and ambulance aircraft until the end of the Second World War in Europe.
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The C-133 was designed to meet the requirements for the USAF's Logistic Carrier Support System SS402L for a new strategic transport. The aircraft differed considerably from the C-74 Globemaster and C-124 Globemaster IIs that had preceded it. A high-mounted wing, external blister fairings on each side for the landing gear, and rear-loading and side-loading doors ensured that access to, and the volume of, the large cargo compartment were not compromised by these structures. The cargo compartment (90 ft/27 m in length and 12 ft/3.7 m high) was pressurized, heated, and ventilated. C-133A of 436 MAW Military Airlift Command at RAF Lakenheath England in 1969 The Cargomasters went directly into production as C-133A; no prototypes were built. The first Cargomaster flew on 23 April 1956. The first C-133As were delivered to the Military Air Transport Service (MATS) in August 1957 and began flying MATS air routes throughout the world. Two C-133s established transatlantic speed records for transport aircraft on their first flights to Europe. The fleet of 50 aircraft proved itself invaluable during the Vietnam War. The Cargomaster soldiered on until the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy entered service in the early 1970s.
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The new design had numerous modifications to the wing; one change was rounding the front of the forward delta in order to eliminate the pitch-up tendency. To increase high-speed aerodynamic efficiency, the wing's thickness was reduced to 2.3%, the leading edges were made sharper, the sweep angles were changed from 80/60° to 85/62°, and substantial twist and camber were added to the forward delta; much of the rear delta was twisted upwards to allow the elevons to remain flush at Mach 3.0. In addition, wing/body fairings were added on the underside of the fuselage where the wings are located, allowing a more normally shaped nose to be used. To retain low-speed performance, the rear delta was enlarged considerably; to increase the payload, the trailing edge featured a forward sweep of 10°, extending the inner part of the wing rearward. The new nose reduced the overall length to 214 ft (65.2 m) while retaining virtually the same internal dimensions. Wingspan was identical as before, and despite the thinner wing, the increased wing area of 9,026 ft² (838.5 m²) allowed the same takeoff performance. The airplane's overall lift-to-drag ratio increased from 7.25 to 7.94.
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Only minor changes were made to the basic D-type structure: the addition of a passenger side door; the removal of the large fin behind the driver; and the removal of the divider between passenger and driver seats. In addition, changes were made for cosmetic, comfort and legal reasons: a full-width, chrome-surrounded windscreen was added; sidescreens were added to both driver and passenger doors; a rudimentary, folding, fabric roof was added for weather protection; chromed bumpers were added front and rear (a styling cue later used on the E-type); XK140 rear light clusters were mounted higher on the wings; and thin chrome strips were added to the edges of the front light fairings. On the evening of 12 February 1957, a fire broke out at the Browns Lane plant destroying nine of the twenty-five cars that had already been completed or were semi-completed. Most of the surviving 16 XKSSs were sold in the US. XKSS at the alt= In March 2016, Jaguar announced that it would be completing the original 25 car order from 1957 by building high-quality XKSS replicas to make up the remaining 9 chassis numbers of cars destroyed by the plant fire.
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Henschel was a German locomotive manufacturer. Soon after Hitler's rise to power, Henschel decided to start designing aircraft, one of the first being the Hs 123. The aircraft was designed to meet the 1933 dive bomber requirements for the reborn Luftwaffe. Both Henschel and rival Fieseler (with the Fi 98) competed for the production contract requirement, which specified a single-seat biplane dive bomber. The first prototype, the Hs 123V1, was cleared for its maiden flight on 1 April 1935; General Ernst Udet, a World War I ace, flew it on its first public demonstration flight on 8 May 1935. The first three Henschel prototypes, with the first and third powered by 485 kW (650 hp) BMW 132A-3 engines and the second by a 574 kW (770 hp) Wright Cyclone, were tested at Rechlin in August 1936.Air International August 1978, p. 73. Only the first prototype had "smooth" cowlings; from that point on, all aircraft had a tightly fitting cowling that included 18 fairings covering the engine valves. The Henschel prototypes did away with bracing wires and although they looked slightly outdated with their single faired interplane struts and cantilever main landing gear legs attached to smaller (stub) lower wings, the Hs 123 featured an all-metal construction, clean lines and superior maneuverability.
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Still going in 2010 Introduced in November 1955 and launched at the same time as the 349 cc Velocette Viper, the single- cylinder Venom was developed from the Velocette MSS and needed to compete against a new range of British twin-cylinder motorcycles. Conceived by Velocette’s Eugene Goodman and designed by Charles Udall, the Venom's 499 cc engine had a bi-metal cylinder with a cast-iron liner, high compression piston and a light alloy cylinder head. The design of the engine's high cam with short push-rods was simpler to produce than an overhead camshaft engine. Sport model with engine fairings The Venom had high quality chrome plating and was finished in black paintwork with gold pinstriping. The Sport models of the Venom and the Viper were among the first production motorcycles to have glass fibre enclosure panels from 1960. These quickly-detachable enclosures were produced for Velocette by AvonThe Classic MotorCycle, July 1996, p.27 Shaping the Future by Roy Poynting. "Engine/gearbox fairing for the so-called Sports Velocettes was not a sales success story". Accessed and added 2014-09-25 and extended from the front of the engine, level with the top of the crankcases, to the rear pillion footrests.
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