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60 Sentences With "excrescences"

How to use excrescences in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "excrescences" and check conjugation/comparative form for "excrescences". Mastering all the usages of "excrescences" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Various external forces coincided to make Kuma's flirtation with monumental excrescences an abortive one.
"You're talking about excrescences," she said with a laugh, using a word more likely to apply to tumors or warts than to appealing detailing.
She and van Herpen dropped to their knees at the dancer's feet and began seizing the dress in handfuls, molding it like clay and squeezing it into folds and excrescences.
Their stories were sharp glimpses of a hidden truth, and he liked that; by contrast, a novel was a sprawling thing, full of byways and excrescences from which the exit was unclear.
Aged flesh is so fertile, grows excrescences: papules, papillomas, skin tags, moles that have to be checked yearly; yet the hair thins out, underarm and pubic, as if the soil had changed to one that no longer supports the verdant shrubbery, but instead nourishes an astonishing variety of wild mushrooms — beautiful, if you have an eye.
Mossy fibers form multiple synapses with the elaborate dendritic spines of CA3 pyramidal cells in the stratum lucidum of the hippocampus. These complex spines are known as "thorny excrescences." Thorny excrescences also cover the proximal dendrites of mossy cells in the hilus. Hilar thorny excrescences are more dense and complex than those in CA3.
Males have enlarged non-projecting prepollex (the "spikethumb") but not nuptial excrescences.
Differential diagnoses include: rheumatic valvular disease, atrial myxoma, degenerative valvular disease, infective endocarditis, vasculitis, cholesterol emboli syndrome, fibroelastoma, and Lambl's excrescences.
Arthroleptides species have distinct tympana and no external vocal sacs. Males have femoral glands, and in the breeding state, spiny nuptial excrescences. Tadpoles live on wet rocks out of water.
This plant also has uses in traditional medicine; like many other species of genus EuphorbiaLletereses its toxic white and sticky sap has been used to treat skin excrescences, like cancers, tumors, and warts, since ancient times.
This bush also has uses in traditional medicine; like many other species of genus EuphorbiaLletereses its toxic white and sticky sap has been used to treat skin excrescences, like cancers, tumors, and warts since ancient times.
The cheilocystidium and pleurocystidia (cystidia found on the edge and face, respectively, of a gill) are similar, club-shaped to spindle-shaped or egg-shaped, and have apices that are often covered with a resinous secretion.Smith, p.119–21. The hyphae that comprise the cap cuticle are up to 3.5 µm wide, clamped, and covered with cylindrical excrescences that measure 2–9 by 1–3 µm. The hyphae of the cortical layer of the stem are up to 4.5 µm wide, clamped, and densely covered with simple to somewhat branched, cylindrical to inflated excrescences that are up to 20 by 5 µm.
The Baopuzi "Genie's Pharmacopoeia" chapter tells Daoist adepts how to go into the mountains and gather supernatural, invisible shizhi "rock mushrooms/excrescences". > Whenever excrescences are encountered, an initiating and an exorcising > amulet are placed over them, then they can no longer conceal or transform > themselves. Then patiently await the lucky day on which you will offer a > sacrifice of wine and dried meat, and then pluck them with a prayer on your > lips, always approaching from the east using Yü's Pace and with your vital > breaths well retained. (tr. Ware 1966:179-180) > Yü' s Pace: Advance left foot, then pass it with the right.
Abdomen covered with white feathery waxy excrescences. The frons is longitudinally convex, genae anteriorly rotundate, neither frons nor genae produced in the middle. Ocelli distinct. Antennae: segments of the peduncle elongate, first extending considerably beyond the lateral margins of the genae, second about one-fifth longer than the first.
There are several species of Mycena that have a basal disc similar to M. stylobates. Mycena mucor is usually smaller than M. stylobates, and grows on fallen, decaying leaves of oak. It has different cheilocystidia, with very slender excrescences. Also, the margin of the basal disc is not ciliate like M. stylobates.
Cutaneous horns are the only examples of horns growing on people. Cases of people growing horns have been historically described, sometimes with mythical status. Researchers have not however discovered photographic evidence of the phenomenon. (Literature Reviews) There are human cadaveric specimens that show outgrowings, but these are instead classified as osteomas or other excrescences.
"The Genie's Pharmacopia" (仙藥, tr. Ware 1966: 179) categorizes zhi (芝 "a legendary numinous mushroom; Ganoderma; excrescence"), "There are five types of excrescences: rock [石芝], wood [木芝], herb [草芝], flesh [肉芝], and the tiny [菌芝, jun 菌 means "mushroom; fungus; bacterium; germ"]", and each of them has 120 species.
The bark is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. The roots are large, deep, and spreading. The twigs are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible.
Proponents argued that it should be possible to freely question and criticise Islam, opponents claimed the campaign was amongst other things 'hateful', and said the extremist excrescences of Islam were unfairly equated with the religion as a whole. Besides the CEMB, a new initiative for ex-Muslims, Faith to Faithless, was launched by Imtiaz Shams and Aliyah Saleem in early 2015.
The fingers are long and have vestigial webbing whereas the toes are moderately webbed. The dorsum is bronze brown or leaf green and has scattered, distinct black flecks, mostly on the lateral surfaces of the body. The eyes are bronze with black reticulations. Adult males have prepollex that is ossified, enlarged, and blunt (the "spikethumb"), and bears small nuptial excrescences.
From there it spread by the first century CE as far as the lands of the Morini in Belgic Gaul. Regardless of why it may have been introduced, the tree had medicinal uses from early times. PlinyXXIV.29 details 25 remedies using preparation from the bark, leaves and excrescences of plane. Pliny prescribes it for burns, bites, stings, frostbite and infections.
Snoods are just one of the caruncles (small, fleshy excrescences) that can be found on turkeys. While fighting, commercial turkeys often peck and pull at the snood, causing damage and bleeding. This often leads to further injurious pecking by other turkeys and sometimes results in cannibalism. To prevent this, some farmers cut off the snood when the chick is young, a process known as desnooding.
Dissected terminal bud showing ligulate excresences. The midge induces stunted and distorted rosettesHancy, Page 88 in the host by inhibiting the elongation of the shoot; the rosette is formed from many (8 to 40 or more) slightly thickened and deformed leaves with reduced petioles. Many of the leaves have small green or red ligulate excrescences or projections. The midge larvae are of an orange-red colour.
Males in reproduction lack cornified nuptial excrescences . Scalloped skin folds are present on the outer edges of the feet, forearms and hands. The skin on the back is weakly tuberculated and that of the belly is granular. Color in life The back varies from greyish-bronze to greenish-bronze and has a black, dark brown, or reddish mottle that generally includes dorsolaterally olive-green areas.
It blooms from August to January and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescence are composed of spherical flowerheads that are densely pack with 65 to 75 golden coloured flowers. The crustceous seed pods that form after flowering have a narrowly oblong shape with a length of and a width of and are roughened by brown excrescences. The oblong to widely elliptic seeds inside have a length of .
The Chinese term zhī (芝) commonly means "fungi; mushroom", best exemplified by the medicinal Lingzhi mushroom, but in Daoism it referred to a class of supernatural plant, animal, and mineral substances that were said to confer instantaneous xian immortality when ingested. In the absence of a semantically better English word, scholars have translated the wide-ranging meaning of zhi as "excrescences", "exudations", and "cryptogams".
Fabrizio Pregadio notes, "The term zhi, which has no equivalent in Western languages, refers to a variety of supermundane substances often described as plants, fungi, or 'excrescences'." Zhi occurs in other Chinese plant names, such as (; "sesame" or "seed"), and was anciently used a phonetic loan character for (; "Angelica iris"). Chinese differentiates Ganoderma species into (; "red mushroom") G. lingzhi, and (; "purple mushroom") Ganoderma sinense. Lingzhi has several synonyms.
The hallmark of Schnyder corneal dystrophy is the accumulation of crystals within the corneal stroma which cause corneal clouding typically in a ring-shaped fashion. Posterior corneal dystrophies - Fuchs corneal dystrophy presents during the fifth or sixth decade of life. The characteristic clinical findings are excrescences on a thickened Descemet membrane (cornea guttae), generalized corneal edema and decreased visual acuity. In advanced cases, abnormalities are found in the all layers of the cornea.
Its body is spirally coiled and darkly coloured (due to eel blood inside the nematode's intestine). It is fusiform, tapering to both ends; anterior end of the body is bottle-shaped, while the posterior end is narrowed and conical. The epicuticle is finely wrinkled, with a network structure, forming an irregular fine transparent coating. The cuticle of the anterior and posterior parts of its body bear several papilla-like excrescences of a fibrous structured.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1910:478–508. A shift to the understanding of FCED as primarily a disease of the corneal endothelium resulted after a number of observations in the 1920s. Crystal-like features of the endothelium were noted by Kraupa in 1920, who suggested that the epithelial changes were dependent on the endothelium. Using a slit lamp, Vogt described the excrescences associated with FCD as drop-like in appearance in 1921.
M. arcangeliana is commonly known as the angel's bonnet, or the late-season bonnet. Within the genus Mycena, it is found in the section Filipedes, on account of the cheilocystidia covered with evenly spaced, short cylindrical excrescences, and its size and occurrence on wood. It can be separated from the other members of the section on account of a cap with yellowish to olive shades, gills with pinkish hints and stems with vaguely violet colouration.
The text lists six kinds of rouzhi "flesh excrescences" that will give one the invulnerability and longevity associated with Daoist xian. Here are two examples. > The ten-thousand-year-old hoptoad is said to have horns on its head, while > under its chin there is a double-tiered figure 8 written in red. It must be > captured at noon on the fifth day of the fifth moon and dried in the shade > for a hundred days.
The building was completed in 1962 and initial reception was mixed. Criticism was aimed at the building's visibility from the Botanic Gardens, with some local residents starting an association to oppose further high rises along the park front. Sales were slow at first and, although it later developed waiting lists, this is thought to have negatively affected the relationship between Boyd and his client. The artist and critic Arnold Shore criticised the two lift towers as: "monstrous excrescences".
"Like all good Anglo-Saxons, I knew nothing about the fungal world and felt that the less I knew about those putrid, treacherous excrescences the better."Wasson 1957, p. 113. The incident sparked Wasson's interest in mushrooms, leading to subsequent contributions to the field of ethnomycology. In 1952, English poet Robert Graves sent the Wassons a letter containing a journal article quoting American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes discussing the ritual use of mushrooms by Mesoamericans in the 16th century.
Forty years later, two editors added to the realism and local colour: > Since nothing binds Cyrano to the humble lodgings of the Rue du Faubourg > Saint-Jacques to which the uncertainties of fate condemned his family, he > gives himself over entirely to Paris, to its streets and, according to the > words of one of his close friends, "to its excrescences" (à ses verrues).It > seems that the author here means Charles Sorel, whose biographer, Émile Roy, > wrote in 1891 that he knew Paris particularly well and "described it all, > even the 'excrescences'". But the expression is an invention of the 19th > century and appears nowhere in the works of Sorel. He drinks, diligently > frequents the Rue Glatigny, called Val d'amour, because of the women who > sell pleasure there, gambles, roams the sleeping city to frighten the > bourgeois or forge signs, provokes the watch, gets into debt and links > himself with that literary Bohemia which centered around Tristan L'Hermite > and Saint-Amant and cultivated the memory of Théophile and his impious > lyricism.
At times there is a small second generation in August. They frequent pine forests and plantations and are most active in hot sunshine at midday and in the afternoon. The larvae primarily feed on Pinus sylvestris, but have also been recorded on Pinus strobus, Picea excelsa and Juniperus communis. The larvae live in resinous nodules and excrescences on the bark of the trunk and branches of the host plant, and also in galls and mines of other Tortricidae and Pyralidae species.
Ptelea trifoliata is a small tree, or often a shrub of a few spreading stems, growing to around tall with a broad crown. The bark is reddish brown to gray brown, with short horizontal lenticels (warty corky ridges), becoming slightly scaly, The plant has an unpleasant odor and bitter taste. Branchlets are dark reddish brown, shining, covered with small excrescences. The twigs are slender to moderately stout, brown with deep U-shaped leaf scars, and with short, light brown, fuzzy buds.
A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular podarium). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1893 as part of the work Descriptions of new Australian plants, with occasional other annotations (continued) as published in The Victorian Naturalist. It was reclassified as Racosperma rossei by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. It resembles and is thought to be closely related to Acacia glutinosissima and Acacia handonis found in Queensland has the same type of excrescences on the seed pod.
The stem canker (Nectria galligena) produces depressed areas with concentric bark rings that develop on the trunk and branches. Affected trees are sometimes eliminated through breakage or competition and sometimes live to reach merchantable size with cull section at the canker. No special control measures are required, but cankered trees should be harvested in stand improvement operations. A gall- forming fungus species of Phomopsis can produce warty excrescences ranging from small twig galls to very large trunk burls on northern hickories and oaks.
Of the species of Marginatae associated with willow, five (I. salicis-herbaceae, I. substellata, I. praetervisa, I. salicis and I. mixtilis) can be readily distinguished from I. saliceticola as their spores feature distinct, strongly protruding excrescences. In addition, they are found in vastly different habitats: I. mixtilis and I. praetervisa favour willow only in montane habitats, while I. salicis-herbaceae and I. substellata grow exclusively in montane habitats. I. salicis is rare in Nordic countries, and is typically collected from dunes.
The tibiotarsal articulation reaches the tympanum or the > eye. Skin smooth above, granular beneath; a strong tuberculated fold from > the eye to the shoulder. Green above; a dark, lateral streak, light-edged > above, ending in two or three deep black spots, separated or confluent on > the groin, which is bright yellow; sides of thighs with deep black spots on > a bright yellow ground; two outer fingers and two outer toes green; beneath > whitish, immaculate. Male with an external subgular vocal sac and black > nuptial excrescences on the thumb.
The word aigrette is used to describe several things with a similar shape. It is the name given to a type of deep-fried fritter made of batter in an elongated shape.See The Marshall Cavendish handbook of Good Cooking. By analogy the word is used in various sciences for feathery excrescences of like appearance, as for the tufts on the heads of insects, the feathery down of the dandelion, the luminous rays at the end of electrified bodies, or the luminous rays—seen in solar eclipses—diverging from the moon's edge.
A gall can contain the cynipid wasp as the host that made the gall; up to five species of inquilines (Ceroptres clavicornis, Synergus gallaepomiformis, S. pallidipennis, S. reinhardi and S. umbraculus) eating the hosts food; as well as up to thirteen parasitoid species (Eurytoma brunniventris, Sycophila biguttata, S. variegata, Megastigmus dorsalis, M. stigmatizans, Torymus geranii, T. auratus, Caenacis lauta, Hobbya stenonota, Mesopolobus amaenus, M. fasciiventris, M. sericeus, Eupelmus urozonus) living on the host, inquilines and each other.A Checklist of British Species. Many old galls bear numerous dark brown excrescences, due to the fungus Phoma gallorum.
The fruit is roundish-oblong, black, shining, slightly angled when young, becoming even as it approaches maturity; seeds 5, curved, much compressed, about three-eights of an inch in length, black, or dark-brown, intensely hard. Fruits take a year to mature, and as they begin to ripen to black, birds are attracted to them. The entire plant is more or less resinous, and the dark-brown bark has numerous warty excrescences and is easily wounded, producing large callosities as it heals. The wood is white and brittle.
Upon Webster's death in 1843, the unsold books and all rights to the copyright and name "Webster" were purchased by brothers George and Charles Merriam, who then hired Webster's son-in-law Chauncey A. Goodrich, a professor at Yale College, to oversee revisions. Goodrich's New and Revised Edition appeared on 24 September 1847, and a Revised and Enlarged edition in 1848, which added a section of illustrations indexed to the text. His revisions remained close to Webster's work, but removed what later editors referred to as his "excrescences".
" Description of Rhinophis microlepis after Beddome (1864: 179): "Scales of the body small, in 15 rows; of the anterior portion of the trunk in 17, of the neck in 19. Caudal disk oblong, orbicular, one-half the length of the tail, covered with excrescences, which are confluent into streaks; subcaudals 10; anal bifid; head-plates as in R. sanguineus, but rostral less sharp. Colour of the body greyish black, with indistinct dull yellowish white mottlings; belly yellowish white, with dark mottlings; tail beneath yellowish, with a broad black spot. Abdominals very small, 199.
Wartlike load casts in Hettangian arkoses from the northern Aquitaine Basin Load casts form on the underside of the overlying denser layer (sands, coarse sands, or gravels), which is superimposed on a less-dense hydroplastic layer (muds, silts or finer sands). The casts take on the form of slight bulges, swellings, deep or rounded sacks, knobby excrescences or highly irregular protuberances. In profile, they appear as a row of flattened, lobe-shaped masses of similar size, shape, and spacing bulging into the lower layer. Between the lobes penetrate flame-like fingers or diapir-like shapes from the underlying less-dense layer.
He notes, "This is, perhaps, the Byssus, a clothstuff woven up to the present time by the Mediterranean coast, especially in Southern Italy, from the thread-like excrescences of several sea-shells, (especially Pinna nobilis)."Tr. Bretschneider 1871, p. 24 The early 6th century CE Shuyiji ("Records of Strange Things") mentions silk woven by Jiaoren, "jiao-dragon people", which Edward H. Schafer identifies as sea silk. > In the midst of the South Sea are the houses of the kău people who dwell in > the water like fish, but have not given up weaving at the loom.
Opponents of the work handed out leaflets at the dedication of the fountain describing it as a "loathsome monstrosity", a "howling obscenity", an "obscene practical joke", "idiotic rubble", and a "pestiferous eyesore". Art critic Alfred Frankenstein of the San Francisco Chronicle responded that "its very outrageousness and extravagance are part of its challenge" and therefore, it "can't be all bad." He added that the fountain was intended to be participated in rather than just observed. An early comment by architecture critic Allan Temko, often repeated over the years, describes "technological excrescences" that had been "deposited by a giant concrete dog with square intestines".
The most generalized type was Coryphodon, representing the family Coryphodontidae, from the lower Eocene of Europe and North America, in which there were 44 teeth and no horn-like excrescences on the long skull, while the femur had a third trochanter. The canines were somewhat elongated and were followed by a short gap in each jaw, and the cheek-teeth were adapted for succulent food. The length of the body reached about six feet in some cases. In the middle Eocene formations of North America occurred the more specialized Uintatherium (or Dinoceras), typifying the family Uintatheriidae.
In a film review written for Time magazine by its editor Whittaker Chambers, he separated his views of Steinbeck's novel from Ford's film, which he liked. Chambers wrote: > But people who go to pictures for the sake of seeing pictures will see a > great one. For The Grapes of Wrath is possibly the best picture ever made > from a so-so book...Camera craft purged the picture of the editorial rash > that blotched the Steinbeck book. Cleared of excrescences, the residue is a > great human story which made thousands of people, who damned the novel's > phony conclusions, read it.
Molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region clearly separate the four species currently recognized in Volvopluteus but morphological identification can be more difficult due to the sometimes overlapping morphological variation among the species. Size of the basidiocarps, color of the pileus, spore size, presence or absence of cystidia and morphology of the cystidia are the most important characters for morphological species delimitation in the genus. Volvopluteus asiaticus stands apart from other species by the pleurocystidia provided with apical excrescences and the cheilocystidia that are predominantly lageniform. Phylogenetic relationships between Volvopluteus asiaticus and the other species of the genus as inferred from ITS data, based on the results presented by Justo et al.
This Daoist text has an unusually detailed description of only four zhi, rivaling the Baopuzi in terms of "the amount of information provided per specimen" (Steavu 2018: 366, 368). The text begins with a passage contrasting three kinds of plant-based medicinal and spiritual substances: longevity drugs, naturally growing zhi excrescences, and artificially cultivated ones. Traditional Chinese medicines, such as asparagus root (tianmen dong 天門冬), or atractylis (shanji 山蓟), can be effective in improving health and extending lifespan, but only if properly consumed every day. The varieties of numinous zhi mushrooms that grow on trees or mountains can bestow full immortality, however most need to be ingested gradually over many years before the adept achieves transcendence.
In that portion of the Elizabethan which is often considered as the Jacobean, although it was but the completer development of the former, the globular excrescences of the columns elongated themselves into equally vast and far uglier acorn-shaped supports. A good deal of inlaid work was then used, and the carving did its best to reach and render the ideas of the cinquecento. It is, indeed, styled the cinquecento period of English art, every surface being rough with arabesques of griffins, vases, rosettas, dolphins, scrolls, foliages, Cupids, and mermaids with double tails curling round them on either side. Meantime the cartouche and its straps — ligatures they were called in Italy, cuirs in France and Flanders, were still often used.
The building features one-storeyed verandahs, with skillion awnings supported on timber columns linked by a substantial scalloped valance of vertical timber boarding with decorative cut outs. At the time of the building's completion, local opinion was not in favour of its design. The local newspaper, the Maryborough Chronicle, praised the spacious dimensions of the classrooms and large lecture room, but criticised the overly small windows describing them as "jail windows" and disliked almost all aspects of the external appearance (using words such as "freak", "ponderous", "excrescences", "ugliness", "lopsided" and "promiscuousness") and suggested the overall architectural style was "Modern Chaotic", which the newspaper attributed to the amount of interference in the design process. The excellent view from the upper windows into the interior of the water closets in an outhouse building was also noted.
It is somewhat difficult to determine the exact theological orientation of Wesel. Ullmann claims him as a "reformer before the Reformation", but, while he mastered the formal principle of Protestantism, that scripture is the sole rule of faith, it is more than doubtful that he had that experimental view of the doctrines of grace which lay at the basis of Reformation theology. He held that Christ is men's righteousness in so far as they are guided by the Holy Ghost, and the love towards God is shed abroad in their hearts, which clearly shows that he held the medieval idea that justification is an habitual grace implanted in men by the gracious act of God. He seems, however, to have protested against certain medieval ecclesiastical ideas which he held to be excrescences erroneously grafted on Christian faith and practice.
Concerning the Jiuzhuan huandan jing yaojue uniting two sections about waidan alchemical elixirs with one about zhi excrescences, Strickmann says the "juxtaposition of alchemy and occult horticulture is very suggestive", and provides two other parallels for the Daoist fusion of plants and minerals (1979: 170). The waidan alchemical langgan huadan (琅玕華丹, Elixir Efflorescence of Langgan), which is prepared through an "extraordinary amalgam" of vegetable and mineral processes, may have come into being through a conscious fusion of the two types of instructions, originally discretely mineral and vegetable, in the life of Lord Mao (1979: 136, 170). Tao Hongjing's disciple Zhou Ziliang (周子良, 497–516) was commanded by Shangqing deities to commit ritual suicide with an elixir of poisonous mushrooms and cinnabar, which in one sense, indicated the "mortal- immortal's comprehensive power over the elements" (1979: 176). The lethal ingredients in Zhou's jiuzhen yuli dan (九真玉瀝丹, Ninefold Perfected Jade-liquor Elixir) were langgezhi (琅葛芝, "the nine-stalked purple fungus") and jade- infused vermillion (1979: 159).
The third earliest source is the c. 7th or 8th century Laozi yuxia zhongzhi jing shenxian bishi (老子玉匣中種芝經神仙秘事, Scripture on Growing Mushrooms from Laozi's Jade Casket: The Secret of Divine Immortals) is the last section of the Mingjian yaojing (明鑒要經, Scripture on the Essentials of the Bright Mirror [Method]), and shares passages with another Shangqing text, the Zhong zhicao fa (種芝草法, Methods for Planting the Zhi Plants), probably dating from the late Six Dynasties (222-589) or Southern dynasties (420-589) periods (Pregadio 2008: 1273, Lu 2013: 52). The Shenxian bishi is the only text in the Daoist Canon that precisely explains the fungiculture for numinous zhi, in contrast, other canonical texts simply guide mushroom hunters in identifying and locating zhi in the wild. It contains instructions attributed to Laozi that the best zhi are those that grow above deposits of cinnabar (dansha 丹砂), gold (huangjin 黃金), laminar malachite (cengqing 曾青), and realgar (xionghuang 雄黃), and teaches how to bury these minerals in the four seasons and the four directions of a mountain in order to generate the four zhi excrescences.
The 3rd or 4th century Taishang lingbao wufu xu (太上靈寳五符序, The Array of the Five Numinous Treasure Talismans) is sometimes cited as another early source that mentions zhi numinous mushrooms—a misunderstanding that is owing to the usage of wuzhi (五芝) to mean "five plants" rather than "five excrescences". The text has a section titled Fushi wuzhi zhj jing (服食五芝之精, Ingesting the Essences of the Five Plants), meaning "plants" since they are pine-resin (weixi 威僖), sesame (huma 胡麻), fagara (jiao 椒), ginger (jiang 薑), and calamus (changpu 菖蒲), Steavu translates Five Plants and notes this as one of the unambiguous and relatively rare occasions when the term zhi should be taken more generically as "plant" rather than "(numinous) mushroom" (2018: 363). However, the Taishang lingbao wufu xu mentions an otherwise unattested text named Shenxian zhi tu (神仙芝圖, Illustrations of the Mushrooms of Divine Immortality), which scholars associate with the five lost texts listed in the Baopuzi bibliographic chapter: Muzhi tu (木芝圖, Illustrations of Wood Mushrooms), Junzhi tu (菌芝圖, Illustrations of Fungus Mushrooms), Rouzhi tu (肉芝圖, Illustrations of Flesh Mushrooms), Shizhi tu (石芝圖, Illustrations of Stone Mushrooms), and Dapo zazhi tu (大魄雜芝圖, Illustrations of the Sundry Mushrooms of the Great Whitesoul) (Lu 2013: 54, tr. Steavu 2018: 363).

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