Additionally in 2016, the region has fully settled the equalisation back-payment for 2014 (PLN182.1m) and has no further equalisation payment liabilities.
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Extensive equalisation systems and an ambitious solidarity pact compensate for financial disparities.
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The new draft has also softened the wording on the equalisation tax.
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Equalisation of the IDRs is unlikely in view of MidCo1's structural subordination.
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Also, it is a net contributor to the municipalities' equalisation fund (EUR370m in 35303).
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They had also accumulated claims equalisation reserves of 13% of total assets by end-2014.
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In addition, under Solvency 2 the equalisation reserve is treated as equity in the statutory solvency calculation.
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The company declined to say whether the application of the equalisation policy to redundancy payments would save money.
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The equalisation is driven by its integration within its parent bank and the benefits derived from parent support.
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The rating equalisation also takes into account EFGInt's role as holding company and the absence of double leverage.
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The plan resembles a French proposal on an equalisation tax that was supported by several big EU states.
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Additionally, stronger explicit support from the sovereign could result in an equalisation of the rating with the sovereign.
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This would likely result in an equalisation of MIF's ratings with its parent's national ratings, based on Fitch criteria.
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Brand-sharing and a history of providing financial support are also key attributes for the equalisation of the ratings.
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The equalisation of the ratings also takes into account EFGInt's role as holding company and the absence of double leverage.
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CAR's net profit before allocation to the equalisation reserve returned to positive levels at EUR15.5 million (negative EUR20.7 million in 2015).
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On the other hand, increased explicit and implicit parental support could lead to equalisation of the ratings of COAM and Dong Yin.
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And its policy of "equalisation" gives provincial and local governments the means to maintain public services at a uniform level across the country.
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CAR reported a net loss before allocation to the equalisation reserve of EUR21m in 2015 compared with a net profit of EUR23m in 2014.
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An adverse change in an important institutional feature (solidarity principle, equalisation system, liquidity exchange mechanism) would result in a review of the Laender's ratings.
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An adverse change of an important institutional feature (solidarity principle, equalisation system, liquidity exchange mechanism) would result in a review of the Laender's ratings.
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Some equalisation occurs under the system of intergovernmental transfers established more than 10 years ago, and more recently tax-sharing mechanisms have been introduced.
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Adverse changes to any important institutional features (solidarity principle, equalisation system, liquidity exchange mechanism) would result in a review of the German Laender ratings.
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The equalisation with the sovereign rating reflects the policy roles of the two banks, government support of the banks' funding and majority state ownership.
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An adverse change of an important institutional feature (solidarity principle, equalisation system, liquidity exchange mechanism) would result in a review of the German Laender ratings.
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The stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system underpins the regional states' IDRs, which are equalised with those of the German sovereign (AAA/Stable).
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Strong Optus-Singtel Link: The strong linkage between Optus and Singtel leads to an equalisation of Optus's rating with Singtel's standalone credit profile of 'A'.
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We therefore see an extremely high probability that UBS AG would support it if needed, leading to the equalisation of their IDRs and debt ratings.
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Nevertheless, significant improvement of COAMI's strategic importance, or increased explicit and implicit parental support could lead to equalisation of the ratings of COAM and COAMI.
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Much of the anger focuses on "equalisation", a transfer from rich provinces to poorer ones, mainly Quebec, that is supposed to even out social spending.
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The region's equalisation payments will amount to PLN318m in 2016 and account for about 20% of operating expenditure, compared with 37% on average in 2012-2014.
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More formalised support from PAT, such as a full guarantee on all financial liabilities, could trigger an upgrade of TS's ratings, leading to rating equalisation with PAT.
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During the provincial election campaign in May, Mr Kenney promised to hold a referendum on equalisation if the federal government did not expand the Trans Mountain pipeline.
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"There's a trend towards equalisation and investors don't always get allocated more bonds because they're being more upfront on giving colour to the banks," said another syndicate banker.
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Our assessment of the creditworthiness of Bavaria is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links Bavaria's creditworthiness to that of Germany (AAA/Stable).
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Our assessment of Bavaria's creditworthiness is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links Bavaria's creditworthiness to that of the German sovereign (AAA/Stable).
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The Petroleum Equalisation Fund would be created to "ensure efficient distribution of petroleum products throughout the federation" and also "collect and provide funding for infrastructural development throughout the federation".
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Our assessment of Saarland's creditworthiness is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links Saarland's creditworthiness to that of the German sovereign (AAA/Stable).
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More formalised support from the province, such as an explicit guarantee on all financial liabilities, could trigger a positive action on PDT's ratings, leading to a rating equalisation with PAT.
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An upgrade could be triggered if greater certainty on the extent and timeliness of potential liquidity support from the City of Paris could justify an equalisation of the two entities' IDRs.
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The equalisation policy means Shell incurs higher costs when an employee goes on assignment to a higher tax jurisdiction and receives a saving when one moves to a lower tax jurisdiction.
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An equalisation of TFS's ratings with those of Turkcell is unlikely unless TFS's role in the Turkcell group strengthens and achieves a longer track record of operations and of support from Turkcell.
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The equalisation of the SRs and SRFs between the parents and subsidiaries for Nomura and Daiwa is based on the consolidated supervision by Japanese authorities under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act.
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Our assessment of the creditworthiness of the State of Saarland is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links Saarland's creditworthiness to that of Germany (AAA/Stable).
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MUMBAI, Nov 29 (Reuters) - The government increased subsidy on interest rates charged to small exporters under a so-called interest equalisation scheme, the Reserve Bank of India said on Thursday, to boost exports.
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Yunnan's Healthy Creditworthiness: Yunnan Province has a healthy budget underpinned by strong central government support via China's robust fiscal equalisation system, where less developed regions receive government transfers sourced from more developed areas.
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France has openly called for an "equalisation tax" on the turnover of digital companies, aimed at leveling up the amount of tax they pay on their earnings compared with other types of companies.
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An ownership equalisation put option granted to Vodafone by joint venture partner, Aditya Birla Group, following a three-year lock-up period, would realise cash proceeds at the Vodafone Group level of USD1.3bn.
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Our assessment of the creditworthiness of the State of BW is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links State of BW's creditworthiness to that of Germany (AAA/Stable).
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Starting today, India has started an equalisation levy, popularly known as the "Google Tax", to tax payments made by Indian establishments for online advertising on international companies such as Google, Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo.
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Our assessment of the State of BW's creditworthiness is underpinned by the stability of Germany's solidarity and financial equalisation system, which links the State of BW's creditworthiness to that of the German sovereign (AAA/Stable).
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A note of the Estonian presidency included in the text said that "views of delegations remain divided (..) in particular on the reference to an equalisation levy" with some states calling for it to be deleted.
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The former reality TV star's ascent is a repudiation of everything this movement has stood for since at least the 1930s: strong and competent government, social equalisation and harnessing capitalism to serve the common good.
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Recovery prospects for unsecured bondholders could improve, and lead to equalisation of the senior unsecured rating with the IDR, if the proportion of priority debt in the funding structure decreases below 2x EBITDA on a sustained basis.
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KEY RATING DRIVERS IDRS AND SUPPORT RATING The equalisation of the ratings reflects Akros's role in the BPM group as a provider of specialised financial services to the group's core clients, and in certain instances to the parent.
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Its capital position provides a strong buffer against adverse reserve developments, particularly in view of its low underwriting leverage with net written premiums/adjusted shareholders' surplus (including shareholders' fund and claims equalisation reserve) of around 1x from 2011-9M15.
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In an example cited in one Shell presentation, an employee entitled to 100,000 pounds ($129,410) severance, who faces a marginal tax rate of 13 percent and has spent half their career abroad, would receive 68,500 pounds after tax and equalisation.
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His total package, including pension and tax equalisation, was 5.576 million euros, down from 24.198 million euros in the previous year, mainly due to a significant fall in van Beurden's pension which was positively affected in 2014 by promotion to chief executive.
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This is one of the assumptions underpinning Fitch's equalisation of FS's IDRs with Italy's and the non-subordination to operating subsidiaries as nearly 60% of the group's debt is on the balance sheet of the holding, which has a small, unconsolidated income stream.
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Despite Naples being exposed to the national government's spending cuts, the city benefits from state support, such as equalisation transfers (EUR350 million in 2016, or nearly 13% of operating revenue), to offset its weaker-than-national average fiscal capacity and funding for large projects.
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While Naples is a contributor to Italy's consolidation efforts to balance the national accounts, the city benefits from support, such as equalisation transfers (EUR320m in 2015, or about 25% of forecasted revenue) from the central government to offset its weaker-than-national average fiscal capacity.
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Despite Naples being exposed to the national government's spending cuts, the city benefits from the state support, such as equalisation transfers (EUR350m in 2016, or nearly 30% of operating revenue) to offset its weaker-than-national average fiscal capacity, and funding for large projects.
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KEY RATING DRIVERS IDRS, SR AND SENIOR DEBT The upgrade of PB's SR and the equalisation of its IDRs and senior debt ratings with those of DB reflect our view that PB will regain its former status as a core business under DB's revised strategy.
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The initiative, launched by Bruno Le Maire, French finance minister, and set to be presented to all 28 EU finance ministers next week, would overhaul national tax codes to include an "equalisation tax" for tech companies that would collect levies based on national turnover.
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The equalisation of BOIG's VR and IDRs with BOI's reflects the continued absence of double leverage at the holding company level and no material restrictions to the transfer of capital and liquidity across the group, subject to the operating companies meeting regulatory capital and liquidity requirements.
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Despite the national government contributions to finance unexpected events or large projects, the city is exposed to the national policy of trimming its deficit and debt, by means of revenue curtailments or spending review, as Milan remains a net payer to municipalities' equalisation fund (about EUR143m in 2015).
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Wesfarmers does not have the scale or geographical diversification of global peer Carrefour SA (BBB+/Stable), but its better margins, due in part to the success of its high-margin Bunnings business, leading position in the stable Australian market and historically better credit metrics, leads to the equalisation of both entities' ratings.
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KEY RATING DRIVERS IDRS, SUPPORT RATING (SR) AND SENIOR DEBT PROGRAMME RATINGS PB's SR of '1' and the equalisation of the bank's IDRs and senior debt ratings with those of DB reflect our view that PB is a core business under DB's revised strategy, which results in an extremely high probability of support from DB, if needed.
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Equalisation of the IDRs is unlikely in view of MidCo1's structural subordination, but a weakening of implied interest coverage within MidCo1, for instance as a result of diminishing net income at JHL or any other restrictions on JHL's dividend upstream capacity, could widen their notching and so be negative for MidCo13's Long-Term IDR.
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PBTR could be downgraded in case of a downgrade of PB, and the Outlook could be revised back to Stable in case of a similar action on PB. At the same time, PBTR's rating may be affirmed at its current level even in case of a downgrade of PB, if either (i) a longer track record of support and integration in Fitch's view warrants an equalisation of parent and subsidiary ratings, considering also the lower (B category) rating level; or (ii) PBRT's standalone profile strengthens to an extent that it is broadly in line with that of its parent.
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Australia is believed to be the first federation to have introduced a formal system of horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) which was introduced in 1933 to compensate States which have a lower capacity to raise revenue. Many federations use fiscal equalisation to reduce the inequalities in the fiscal capacities of sub- national governments arising from the differences in their geography, demography, natural endowments and economies. However the level of equalisation sought varies. In Australia, the objective is full equalisation.
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This equalisation effect has also been seen in other types of insurance for individuals, such as life insurance.
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Weight equalisation is also used on certain high-performance classes to ensure that comparative levels of performance are attained.
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He opposed furthering gay rights legislation, including the equalisation of the age of consent, and also supported the passage of Section 28.
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Age of consent equalisation laws were achieved via the Law Reform (Gender, Sexuality and De Facto Relationships) Act 2003, which went into effect in March 2004.
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Some divers need to pinch the nostrils closed as part of their equalisation technique, and this must be allowed for in the design of the mask skirt.
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The CS1x employs various arpeggiator presets and effects such as reverb, chorus (including flanging and celeste) and "variation" (a combination of reverbs, delays, modulation effects and equalisation).
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Thus, the transfer system can promote efficiency in the public sector and can level the field for intergovernmental competition. The discussion of horizontal fiscal imbalance and equalisation was of particular importance in the drafting of the new Iraqi constitution. It was a sticking point for the drafting process—with the oil rich regions seeking to minimise the reallocation of revenue while other regions sought to maximise equalisation payments.
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Nine minutes later, live television broadcast of the approach was initiated. The TM-5 docked with the Mir in 19:55 and began pressure equalisation in 20:12.
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The Act also affects state pensions. A significant change was the phasing in of equalisation of state pension ages for men and women over a ten-year period.
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BUPA Ireland entered the private medical insurance market in Ireland in 1997 ending the Vhi Healthcare monopoly which had existed for almost 40 years following the opening of the health insurance market in Ireland in 1994. In December 2006, BUPA Ireland announced that it would be leaving the Irish market as the High Court had left the Risk Equalisation scheme unchallenged. BUPA Ireland argued it could not afford to make a cash transfer to Vhi Healthcare as required under the Risk Equalisation Scheme. In February 2007 the QUINN group acquired BUPA Ireland and renamed it QUINN-healthcare.Quinn Group announces 500 Fermoy jobs RTÉ News, 17 April 2007Irish Supreme Court rules in favour of BUPA in risk equalisation case against the Government Finfacts Ireland, 16 July 2008 As a new insurer, QUINN-healthcare was exempt from the Risk Equalisation payments for three years which was the normal concession granted to any new market entrant.
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Wine equalisation tax (WET) is a tax imposed on wine made, imported, or sold by wholesale in Australia. It is applied at 29% of the wholesale value of wine.
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He wrote a number of important works for brass and electronics including Equalisation (1980) for Equale Brass and Echoes (1990) . His last completed work was La marche (1993), a brass quintet (; ).
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It is likely that incorporation of the less affluent Turks and Caicos would result in the islands siphoning funds from equalisation payments from other less wealthy provinces, reducing their chances of supporting this method.
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Amongst others are impedance matching networks, time-delay networks, directional couplers, and equalisation. In the 2000s, network synthesis began to be applied to mechanical systems as well as electrical, notably in Formula One racing.
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Audient also produces a number of microphone preamplifier and audio signal processing units, such as the Black Series (compression, equalisation, word clock generation and analogue to digital conversion) and the ASP008 and MiCO microphone preamplifiers.
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The Blaze was originally built by Ian Howlett and John Caig, and marketed by Topper International from 1996. At the outset the Blaze incorporated equalisation with lighter weight helms being allowed wider rack widths but carrying compensating lead weights. After a few years the class membership voted to abandon equalisation. In 2000 an active class association ran a sail development program to produce a more responsive sail, dropping some of the excessive leech of the original that proved 'difficult' in any real breeze for many helms.
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In 1992, Sony released the NT memo recording system, which employs a small cassette for digital recording. Micro and mini cassettes. Microcassettes equalisation time constant: Type I (Ferric) at 200μs and Type IV (Metal) at 120μs.
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Equalization payments are cash payments made in some federal systems of government from the federal government to subnational governments with the objective of offsetting differences in available revenue or in the cost of providing services. Many federations use fiscal equalisation to reduce the inequalities in the fiscal capacities of sub-national governments arising from the differences in their geography, demography, natural endowments and economies. The level of equalisation sought can vary, however. The payments are generally calculated based on the magnitude of the subnational "fiscal gap": essentially the difference between fiscal need and fiscal capacity.
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The freight equalisation concept made "essential" items available at same prices throughout the country. These items included coal, steel and cement among many others. The idea was to achieve promote balanced regional development of industries throughout the country.
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Audient's flagship analogue console is the ASP8024 Heritage Edition. This desk can come with a DAW control platform, the DLC. The configuration of the desk is fully customizable and can have up to 60 channels, all complete with equalisation.
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In Australia, the horizontal fiscal imbalance arises because of the mismatch between the tax revenues and government expenses for the various state and territorial governments. This imbalance is addressed by a horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) policy overseen by the Commonwealth Grants Commission.
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For example a cubic room would exhibit three resonances at the same frequency. Equalisation of the sound system to compensate for the uneven frequency response caused by room resonances is of very limited use as the equalisation only works for one specific listening position and will actually cause the response to be worse in other listening positions. Also large bass boosts by sound system EQ can severely reduce the headroom in the sound system itself. Some vendors are currently providing elaborate room tuning equipment which requires precision microphones, extensive data collection, and uses computerised electronic filtering to implement the necessary compensation for the rooms modes.
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Only 2579 students (2.2% of the relevant age groups) were enrolled as first-year students in local university degree programmes in 1980.Lee, Siu-yau(2015). Massification without equalisation: the politics of higher education, graduate employment and social mobility in Hong Kong. Journal of Education and Work.
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A salary cap (known as the Total Player Payments or TPP) is also in place as part of the league's equalisation policy; this is $9,130,000 for the 2013 season with a salary floor of $8,673,500 except for the Gold Coast, whose salary cap will be $9,630,000 with a salary floor of $9,171,500, and Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $9,987,000 with a floor of $9,530,500. As part of the AFL's enhanced equalisation policies, in 2014 the league announced an increase of the TPP for the 2015 and 2016 seasons. TPP increases an additional $150,000 per club in 2015 above previously contracted amounts, increasing from $9.92m to $10.07m in 2015 and $10.22m to $10.37m in 2016.The AFL's equalisation changes explained () The salary cap was set at $1.25 million for 1987–1989 as per VFL agreement, with the salary floor set at 90% of the cap or $1.125 million; the salary floor was increased to 92.5% of the cap in 2001, and 95% of the cap for 2013 due to increased revenues.
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20-21 And many international negotiation experts and peace practitioners note the importance of non-violent confrontation and the equalisation of power, before effective negotiation and dialogue between parties can take place.Docherty, J. (2005). The little book of strategic negotiation: Negotiating during turbulent times. Intercourse: Good Books, p.
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The legal basis of the Stability Council is set out in Article 109a of the Basic Law. Its work is also governed by provisions in a number of other laws, including the Stability Council Act, the Consolidation Assistance Act, the Financial Equalisation Act and the Budgetary Principles Act.
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Over the years the Laser 4000 events have given the fleet a reputation as competitive but friendly, with the day's racing followed by lively evening socials. The equalisation system coupled with relatively low sheet loads mean that a good variety of people are able to sail the boat.
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First order B-format can be manipulated in various ways to change the contents of an auditory scene. Well known manipulations include "rotation" and "dominance" (moving sources towards or away from a particular direction).Dave G. Malham, Spatial Heading Mechanisms and Sound Reproduction 1998, retrieved 2014-01-24 Additionally, linear time-invariant signal processing such as equalisation can be applied to B-format without disrupting sound directions, as long as it applied to all component channels equally. More recent developments in Higher Order Ambisonics enable a wide range of manipulations including rotation, reflection, movement, 3D reverb, upmixing from legacy formats such as 5.1 or first order, visualisation and directionally-dependent masking and equalisation.
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Abolition of rotten boroughs (rough equalisation of electoral districts). Apart from annual Parliaments, but it took time. The effect was to give ordinary citizens a direct say in how the country was governed. Wakley was one of many campaigners; his influence was greater than most because he was now inside Parliament.
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The bridged T topology is used for delay equalisation, particularly the differential delay between two landlines being used for stereophonic sound broadcasts. This application requires that the filter has a linear phase response with frequency (i.e., constant group delay) over a wide bandwidth and is the reason for choosing this topology.
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L. Beranek, Acoustics, 2nd Ed. 1986. The enclosure or driver must have a small leak so internal and external pressures can equalise over time, to compensate for barometric pressure or altitude; the porous nature of paper cones, or an imperfectly sealed enclosure, is normally sufficient to provide this slow pressure equalisation.
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The technicians in charge complained bitterly that the tape was defective, possibly due to copies made without using the correct noise- reduction equalisation, though they had taken no steps to obtain a better copy. Stockhausen also considered it possible that the inputs to the sound- mixing board may have been over-driven (; ).
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7, No. 3, July 1928, (pp 438-534) and in long runs of coaxial cable for television installations.Rounds P.W. and Larkin G.L., “Equalisation of Cables for Local Television Transmission”, BSTJ, July 1955, (pp.713-738) An example, showing the design procedure for a simple equaliser, is given in the section on synthesis, later.
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Even after the removal of the policy in the early 1990s, these states could not catch up with the more industrialised states. In 1996, the Commerce & Industry minister of West Bengal complained that "the removal of the freight equalisation and licensing policies cannot compensate for the ill that has already been done".
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Conversely, heavier crews will carry fewer weights, but must sail with narrower racks. Thus each team's total weight and leverage is equalised. The Laser 4000 equalisation system accommodates helms and crews weighing from 59–94 kg (130-207 lbs) each. Beyond that range the traditional wind strength advantages and disadvantages come into play.
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Impulse response analysis is a major facet of radar, ultrasound imaging, and many areas of digital signal processing. An interesting example would be broadband internet connections. DSL/Broadband services use adaptive equalisation techniques to help compensate for signal distortion and interference introduced by the copper phone lines used to deliver the service.
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The U.S. opted to absorb a delay and built its ships with larger guns.Friedman, pp. 270–71 When comparing the British 14-inch gun to the heavier guns mounted on contemporary foreign battleships, the thicker armour of the British battleships tended to result in an equalisation of the relative penetrating power of respective shells.
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The Metropolitan Poor Act 1867 established a metropolitan poor rate to be collected across the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works. The London (Equalisation of Rates) Act 1894 provided that richer parishes in what was now the County of London would subsidise the poor rate of the less wealthy that had higher expenditure.
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A growing number of portable media players are including audio processing chips that allow digital effects like 3D audio effects, dynamic range compression and equalisation of the frequency response. Some devices adjust loudness based on Fletcher–Munson curves. Some media players are used with Noise-cancelling headphones that use Active noise reduction to remove background noise.
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EMI's Abbey Road Studios (pictured in 2005). Most of the sessions for Revolver took place in the complex's intimate Studio 3. The group's willingness to experiment was also evident in their dedication to finding or inventing sounds that captured the heightened perception they experienced through hallucinogenic drugs. The album made liberal use of compression and tonal equalisation.
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With the Baron Samedi, Voodoo Amps proudly presents the ultimate high gain dual channel amp. A 5-stage preamp offers a wide variety of available tones. An extensive equalisation circuit across two channels further enhances the flexibility of this amp. The Witchdoctor is available in 50wt and 100wt head configurations, as well as a 10wt 1x12 combo.
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This pedal is a parametric equalizer. Equalization or equalisation is the process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal. The most well known use of equalization is in sound recording and reproduction but there are many other applications in electronics and telecommunications. The circuit or equipment used to achieve equalization is called an equalizer.
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A recent paper by Peter Craven et al.P G Craven, M J Law, and C Travis, Microphone arrays using tangential velocity sensors , Ambisonics Symposium, Graz 2009 (subsequently patented) describes the use of bi-directional capsules for higher order microphones to reduce the extremity of the equalisation involved. No microphones have yet been made using this idea.
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Many feminist academics expressed a preference for the work/life balance on offer to women in pre-1990 East Germany, but in any case, as equalisation between the two halves of the country came about during the 1990s, there was no shortage of research topics for the academic staff and students in the Women's studies departments.
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There was no equalisation of the earth masses, which meant that about 16 million cubic metres of earth was deposited at 24 landfill sites. Near Masserberg. for example, 1.8 million cubic metres was dumped covering an area of 54.8 hectares, with a maximum height of 27 metres. The permanent surface requirements of the new line are around 435 hectares.
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When valve amplifiers were the norm, user-adjustable "tone controls" (a simple two-band non-graphic equaliser) and electronic filters were used to allow the listener to change frequency response according to taste and room acoustics; this has become uncommon. Some modern equipment uses graphic equalisers, but valve preamplifiers tend not to supply these facilities (except for RIAA and similar equalisation needed for vinyl and shellac discs). Modern signal sources, unlike vinyl discs, supply line level signals without need for equalisation. It is common to drive valve power amps directly from such source, using passive volume and input source switching integrated into the amplifier, or with a minimalist "line level" control amplifier which is little more than passive volume and switching, plus a buffer amplifier stage to drive the interconnects.
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Stanford University Press. Ward helped establish an organisation for working and teaching among the poor. She also worked as an educator in the residential settlement movements she founded. Mary Ward's declared aim was "equalisation" in society, and she established educational settlements first at Marchmont Hall and later at what is now called Mary Ward House on Tavistock Place in Bloomsbury.
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Natural mode is characterised by subjective effect of balance of different frequency sounds, regardless of level of distortion, appearing in the reproduction device. It is also regardless of personal user's ability to perceive specific sound frequencies (excluding obvious hearing loss). The natural effect is obtained due to special sound processing algorithm (i.e. "formula of subjective equalisation of frequency- response function").
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Postgate, pp. 216–220 In addition to meeting the costs of its own obligations, the council was required to levy precepts to pay for services provided by bodies such as the London County Council and the Metropolitan Police.Shepherd 2002, p. 194 Lansbury had long argued that a degree of rates equalisation across London was necessary, to share costs more fairly.
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He published forty journal papers on electroacoustics, network theory, testing methods and sound and vision broadcasting. Some of his papers, notably on loudspeakers, television testing and coaxial cable equalisation, have become accepted internationally as references on these topics, including origination of the Thiele/Small parameters for measuring and designing loudspeakers, and the Total Difference- Frequency Distortion measurement of audio transmission and recording.
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In its original formulation, Ambisonics assumed plane-wave sources for reproduction, which implies speakers that are infinitely far away. This assumption will lead to a pronounced bass boost for speaker rigs of small diameter, which increases with Ambisonic order. The cause is the very same proximity effect that occurs with directional microphones. Therefore, appropriate near-field compensation (bass equalisation) is beneficial.
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The liberal minority cabinet, led by Cort van der Linden sought to resolve two important issues in Dutch politics: the conflict over the equalisation of payment for religious schools and universal suffrage. In the constitution change of 1917 both items were resolved. The ARP was given equal payment for religious schools, but it had to accept women's suffrage and proportional representation.
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For Baudrillard this is the natural result of an ethic of unity in which actually agonistic opposites are taken to be essentially the same. For example, Baudrillard contends that moral universalism (human rights, equality) is equated with globalization, which is not concerned with immutable values but with mediums of exchange and equalisation such as the global market and mass media.
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Australia introduced a formal system of horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) in 1933 to compensate states/territories which have a lower capacity to raise revenue. The objective is full equalisation which means that, after HFE, each of the six states, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory would have the capacity to provide services and the associated infrastructure at the same standard, if each state/territory made the same effort to raise revenue from its own sources and operated at the same level of efficiency. Currently the funds distributed to achieve HFE are the revenues raised from the Goods and Services Tax (GST), currently about AUD 50 bn a year. The distribution of GST required to achieve HFE is decided by the Federal Treasurer each year, on the basis of advice provided by the Commonwealth Grants Commission (CGC).
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The Hunter Sports Group Porsche 997 GT3 Cup was the first of the Class B cars in eighth grid position. The Clearwater Racing Ferrari was forced to carry addition weight during the race as, in a form of parity equalisation, any car undercutting a 2:08 lap time in any pre-race session was levied with a 50 kg penalty.Baird unconcerned by weight penalty, www.speedcafe.
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Electricity storage facilities were fully exempted from grid charges and are to be supported by a special research program. Industry privileges under the special equalisation scheme were extended to include more companies and the tariff reductions further improved. The eligibility requirements were lowered from 10GWh/a to 1GWh/a and the electricity expenses threshold in terms of gross value added lowered from 15% to 14%.
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The Antithesis () is a conflict between Christian democratic, confessional parties, united in the Coalition and Liberal parties, united in the Concentration between 1888 and 1918. The conflict concerned the equalisation of payment for religious schools. The realisation of this necessitated a constitutional revision, which needed the support of two-thirds of both houses of parliament. Both political parties held about fifty per cent of the MPs, however.
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Digital domain parametric equalisation An audio filter is a frequency dependent amplifier circuit, working in the audio frequency range, 0 Hz to beyond 20 kHz. Audio filters can amplify (boost), pass or attenuate (cut) some frequency ranges. Many types of filters exist for different audio applications including hi-fi stereo systems, musical synthesizers, sound effects, sound reinforcement systems, instrument amplifiers and virtual reality systems.
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This statute laid out the goals of the association including the reduction of discrimination and violence, the equalisation of the homosexual age of consent with heterosexual age of consent, decriminalisation, an end to treating homosexuality as a disease, the introduction of sexual education in schools including homosexuality and bisexuality as normal sexual preferences, an end to patriarchal domination in society, revision of family legislation, etc.
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Marriage Equality survey from 2017. Advertising in Australian media frequently used the phrase "Australia said yes" in response to the survey result. By the late 2000s and early 2010s, support for LGBT rights in Australia generally grew, and a number of significant legal achievements were made. Nationwide equalisation with respect to the age of consent laws was achieved when Queensland amended the law in 2016.
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Climbing slings A sling or runner is an item of climbing equipment consisting of a tied or sewn loop of webbing that can be wrapped around sections of rock, hitched (tied) to other pieces of equipment or even tied directly to a tensioned line using a prusik knot, for anchor extension (to reduce rope drag and for other purposes), equalisation, or climbing the rope.
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In particular, it is intended to facilitate arrivals and departures at events in the RheinEnergieStadion. The single-track S-Bahn line was duplicated over a length of 1.6 km between Buir and Sindorf to allow the equalisation of S-Bahn frequencies between Düren and Cologne. At night, the S13 runs beyond Horrem to Aachen and back. This gives the region a better connection to Cologne/Bonn Airport.
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He was a member of the Defence Select Committee and was the Lib Dem Spokesperson for Heritage. He was a member of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee between 2005–2008. In 2005 he proposed amendments to the Water Bill to create a water charge equalisation scheme to reduce the very high costs of water in the South West. This proposal is being considered by the Government following the Walker Report.
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This was the same place of election as the abolished Eastern division. In 1868 the same two MPs who had sat for East Norfolk before its end were re-elected from this constituency. Under the provisions of the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, single member constituencies became the norm and greater equalisation in electorate occurred. In Norfolk the three, two member, county divisions were changed to six single member seats.
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One snorkel brings in new air to the boat, while the other takes exhaust fumes from the engines. The ventilation system is designed so the fresh air spreads through the boat. Engine compartment on , twin V16 diesel engines The generators are cooled by an internal fan on the shaft which circulates air through a filter and water-cooled heat exchanger within the casing. A grill allows pressure equalisation inside and out.
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The worn out Class 2'2'T30 tub tenders were mainly given new tubs. Other reconstruction measures included the installation of axle box tightening wedges and the replacement of the Krauss-Helmholtz bogies. Despite often expressed views to the contrary, the valves were not replaced or rebuilt as part of the reconstruction. The 52.80 had standard piston valves with Winterthur pressure equalisation and hence poor riding qualities when running light.
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Equalisation is ensured by the sizes of the plungers. Automatic adjustment is made by the action of a friction ring fitted in a recess in the plunger of the operating system. The front brakes are operated by a quick-thread screw formed by steel balls in grooves. The leading shoe in each wheel is arranged to come on slightly earlier and to release a shade before the other.
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In practice, however, workers move in large numbers from one country to another. Today, labour migration is truly a global phenomenon. And, with the reduction in transport and communication costs, capital has become increasingly mobile and frequently moves from one country to another. Moreover, the neoclassical assumption that factors are trapped at the national level has no theoretical basis and the assumption of factor price equalisation cannot justify international immobility.
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Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected President. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.
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They are now also used in satellite communications systems. The need for frequency-independent delay in satellite applications led to more research into the waveguide incarnation of cross- coupled filters. Previously, satellite communications systems used a separate component for delay equalisation. The additional degrees of freedom obtained from cross-coupled filters held out the possibility of designing a flat delay into a filter without compromising other performance parameters.
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Australian Lesbian & Gay Archives, pg.2. Unsurprisingly therefore, Petersen proved to be a staunch supporter of the bill introduced by Premier Neville Wran, the 'Crimes (Amendment) Act 1984', which decriminalised homosexual acts in NSW. During the debate he not only defended the bill but also pressed his previous support for the equalisation of the age of consent, which was his one criticism as it was not included (it would not be equalised until 2003).
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In Zamyatin, similarly, the equalisation of noses is earnestly proposed. Jerome has anyone with an overactive imagination subjected to a levelling-down operation—something of central importance in We. There is a shared depiction by both Jerome and Zamyatin that individual and, by extension, familial love is a disruptive and humanizing force. Jerome's works were translated in Russia three times before 1917. Jerome's Three Men in a Boat is a set book in Russian schools.
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A Christian socialist, Pollard took a conservative line on questions of personal morality: he was a member of the all party anti- abortion group, and was one of a handful of Labour MPs to oppose the equalisation of the age of consent. As an MP, he appeared on former BBC day time chat show Kilroy, contributing to topics such as the problem of personal debt, with comments including "Surely the banks have some sort of responsibility?".
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It was only later, when Zobel considered the simulation and equalisation of telephone transmission lines, that he gave the lattice configuration more attention.Zobel O.J., "Distortion Correction in Electrical Circuits with Constant Resistance Recurrent Networks", BSTJ, Vol. 7, No. 3, July 1928, (pp. 438–534) (The telephone transmission lines of the time had a balanced-pair configuration with a nominal characteristic impedance of 600 ohms,Green E.I., "The Transmission Characteristics of Open-Wire Telephone Lines", BSTJ Vol.
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Moreover, he was the chief of staff in the Italian Ministry for Employment. He later advocated the formation of the Party of European Socialists. He was appointed to the first European Commission in December 1960 (or February 1961) as the successor to Giuseppe Petrilli in the Hallstein Commission and was responsible for the Social Affairs portfolio, in addition to overseas states and territories. He supported the equalisation of work and social rights between the EEC states.
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It also discusses the British government's use of the equalisation of the sugar duties Acts in the 1840s to sever their responsibilities to buy sugar from the British West Indians colonies, and to buy sugar on the open market from Cuba and Brazil, where it was cheaper.Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (London: Andre Deutsch, 1964). In support of the Williams thesis, David Ryden presented evidence to show that by the early nineteenth century there was an emerging crisis of profitability.
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Electricity pricing was set by the SECV, which set different tariffs for towns of different size, dependent on the costs of providing the electricity supply. Country interests argued that this was unfair to rural consumers, and in June 1928 a conference of rural and regional councils demanded the government equalise tariffs, but this was rejected by the Labor Government. Equalisation of tariffs was not brought in until 1965, and it was due to the SECV itself rather than a response to political pressures.
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Teams can choose to run the NGTC turbocharged engine or the Naturally Aspirated engines. The phased transition from S2000 to NGTC means that the organising body, TOCA, will maintain a performance equalisation between the two chassis specifications. They achieved this by monitoring the turbo boost pressures of all cars throughout the season, adjusting the pressure levels after every two rounds to maintain performance parity between all cars. The amount the turbo was adjusted was determined via a mathematical calculation based on race performance.
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Years of competitive racing have proved the system to be effective with all sizes of crews winning in all wind strengths. Several other racing dinghy classes have adopted a similar equalisation systems. As with many modern racing dinghies, the Laser 4000 is one-design, meaning that strict rules govern the modification of the boat, its sailing and equipment. This is to prevent an expensive competition of "modification racing", where only those who could afford the latest gadgets would stand a chance of winning.
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In 1933 district football was introduced to provide community support and player equalisation. This meant that players had to live within a certain distance of their club. Accordingly, Brisbane was divided into Eastern Suburbs (incorporating Coorparoo and Wynnum), Southern Suburbs (incorporating Carltons), Western Suburbs, Northern Suburbs (incorporating Past Grammars), Fortitude Valley and Past Brothers (whose players had to prove that they had attended a Christian Brothers school). In 1934, the University Amateur Rugby League Club folded and disappeared from the competition.
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The 1990 AFL draft was the 5th annual draft of Australian rules footballers to the 14 clubs in the Australian Football League. It consisted of the national draft held at the end of the 1990 season, the pre-season draft, held before 1991 AFL season and a mid-season draft. Clubs receive picks based on the reverse of the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season. This was introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries.
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The Irish Government announced on 27 May 2010 that the company was to be privatised within the next three years. Spokespeople from the Department of Health stated that they did not expect premiums to increase or the loss of any jobs at the 800 strong company. The state expected to invest large sums of money to allow the company gain a solvency ratio in line with regulations and other insurance companies. This coincided with new health risk equalisation measures which were to be rolled out from 2012.
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After his retirement, Huchzermeyer studied musicology at the Faculty of Cultural Studies at the University of Paderborn receiving a : Magister Artium 2008, doctorate in Musicology 2011. His main focus is the History of Protestant church music of East Prussia from 1800 to 1945, equalisation of Protestant church music and elimination of Jewish-Christian church musicians from their posts during the Nazi era, music and cultural history of Berlin and Pomerania in the 19th century, local music and cultural history of the Westphalian-Lower Saxony region.
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Oil, gas, electricity became natural competitors to coal and also broke cartel powers. Furthermore, with the move to oil, the Community failed to define a proper energy policy. The Euratom treaty was largely stifled by de Gaulle and the European governments refused the suggestion of an Energy Community involving electricity and other vectors that was suggested at Messina in 1955. In a time of high inflation and monetary instability ECSC also fell short of ensuring an upward equalisation of pay of workers within the market.
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The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is a fund of Her Majesty's Treasury in the United Kingdom. It holds the country's reserves of foreign currencies, gold, and special drawing rights (SDR) held at the International Monetary Fund. It was set up to provide funding which if necessary can be used to manage the exchange value of pound sterling on international markets. The EEA was established by Neville Chamberlain's budget of 19 April 1932 following the pound's exit from the gold exchange standard the previous September.
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The equalisation of heresy and magics is the subject of Castro's short commentary on the "Malleus Maleficarum" with the title De impia sortilegarum, Maleficarum, & Lamiarum haeresi, earumque punitione Opvscvlvm (Lyon 1568). He held that magics as a sort of heresy should be punished by death by fire. The pact with the demons, which is against Catholic faith, should clearly be explored. Castro's chief work in criminal law, however, may be his last publication, De potestate legis poenalis libri duo (Salamanca 1550, Reprint Madrid 1961).
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Sutherland v United Kingdom originated as a complaint by Mr Euan Sutherland to the European Commission of Human Rights that the fixing of the minimum age for lawful homosexual activities at 18 rather than 16, as for heterosexual activities, violated his right to respect for private life under Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The complaint was first filed on 8 June 1994 and ultimately led to the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual and heterosexual acts.
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Flassbeck views a currency union primarily as an "inflation community".„Arbeitnehmer werden doppelt bestraft“, Salzburger Nachrichten, 17 June 2011 This means that all member countries of a monetary union had to show the same price change rate. That could only be achieved by equalisation of growth of unit labour costs, with the aim to maintain the price competitiveness of all countries and to avoid high current account surpluses as well as deficits. As consequence for the eurozone he requests that all euro states had to comply with the Central Bank's target inflation rate.
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This painting, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump by Joseph Wright of Derby, 1768, depicts an experiment performed by Robert Boyle in 1660. A change in pressure may have immediate effect on the ears and sinuses, causing pain and leading to congestion, edema, hemorrhaging, and temporary to permanent hearing impairment. These effects have been familiar to breathhold divers since antiquity and are avoided by equalisation techniques. Reduction of ambient pressure during ascent can cause overpressure injury to internal gas spaces if not allowed to freely equalise.
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The circuitry provides equalisation in both high and low frequency sections. The 13-element crossover includes an inductor for the treble section with seven positions that allows adjustment to match level of mid to treble sensitivities. The design also specifies high quality screened air-gap inductors and film capacitors. David Prakel in Hi-Fi Answers suggests it was a costlier speaker to build than imagined because tight specifications meant a high failure rate in production – the BBC had specified "the finest, most expensive ingredients and representing an investment of hours of skilled labour".
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Generic corrective lenses are available off the shelf for some two-window masks, and custom lenses can be bonded onto masks that have a single front window or two windows. As a diver descends, they must periodically exhale through their nose to equalise the internal pressure of the mask with that of the surrounding water. Swimming goggles are not suitable for diving because they only cover the eyes and thus do not allow for equalisation. Failure to equalise the pressure inside the mask may lead to a form of barotrauma known as mask squeeze.
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In 1996, the Commerce & Industry Minister of West Bengal complained that "the removal of the freight equalisation and licensing policies cannot compensate for the ill that has already been done". National laws permit a private/public limited company to raise loans internally and externally to its capacity. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 limits state borrowing even when they have not defaulted/faced a financial emergency. The employees' salary and pension expenditure of many state governments exceed their total revenue, without the President declaring a financial emergency.
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This is achieved by a crew weight equalisation system consisting of removable wings. The wings may not be used if the trapezing crew weighs more than 78kg (to equalise righting moment) and must be used if the combined helm and crew weight is less than 135kg (to equalise weight in the boat). If neither of these mandatory rules apply the crew may choose whether or not to use wings but may not change this decision during a race series. Around 700 boats have been built with sail numbers starting at 501.
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Cowen demonstrated his political ambition early, protesting the Peterloo Massacre in 1819 and becoming an early member of the Anti-Corn Law League, as well as the National Political Union. He was elected Liberal MP with radical principles for Newcastle-upon-Tyne at the 1865 general election. While in Parliament, he advocated Church of England disestablishment and game law abolition, shorter parliamentary terms, and redistribution and equalisation of the franchise between counties and boroughs. He also refused to support Irish coercion and aided in the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty with France.
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The international directory of the trade union movement New York : Facts on File, [1978] By 1954, it claimed 1,084,116 members. The union campaigned with other organisations for improved pay and working conditions, and in the 1970s it achieved equalisation of welfare and social security with industrial workers, and for workers not to be laid off without just cause. Employment in the sector gradually declined, and by 1987, it had only 348,621 members. In 1988, it merged with the Italian Federation of Sugar, Food Industry and Tobacco Workers, to form the Italian Federation of Agroindustrial Workers.
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A network isolator can be constructed to provide one or both required MOPPs. In the case where only a single MOPP is present in a system, a second measure of protection for the medical device must be made. This can be achieved, for example, by installing a fixed, low-resistance earthing cable, bar, or strap, referred to as a potential equalisation conductor. Conformation to the requirements of applicable standards and guidelines, in particular the IEC 60601-1 standard, involves manufacturers themselves declaring CE compliance and/or gaining certification from an approved independent testing laboratory.
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Over the next two decades, the recordings were licensed to several record companies, resulting in numerous releases with varying track selections. In 1979, Pickwick Records performed some additional audio filtering and equalisation of the songs on the Lingasong US version, and released it over two volumes as First Live Recordings; the set included the song "Hully Gully" that was mistakenly credited to The Beatles,Weiner (1992), p. 139. but was actually performed by Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers, another act on the Star-Club bill.Winn (2008), p. 23.
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The staccato delivery, harsh tone and rising inflection of the Dalek voice were initially developed by two voice actors, Peter Hawkins and David Graham, who varied the pitch and speed of the lines according to the emotion needed. Their voices were further processed electronically by Brian Hodgson at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. The sound-processing devices used have varied over the decades. In 1963 Hodgson and his colleagues used equalisation to boost the mid-range of the actor's voice, then subjected it to ring modulation with a 30 Hz sine wave.
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In addition, there is a handful of geometric problems (including problems about volumes of irregular solids). The Bakhshali manuscript also "employs a decimal place value system with a dot for zero." Many of its problems are of a category known as 'equalisation problems' that lead to systems of linear equations. One example from Fragment III-5-3v is the following: The prose commentary accompanying the example solves the problem by converting it to three (under-determined) equations in four unknowns and assuming that the prices are all integers.
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She sat on the boards of large corporations such as NatWest and Marks and Spencer. In later life she was known for her staunch opposition to gay rights. She worked to try to stop legislation going through that would allow unmarried couples (including gay men and women) to adopt children, and also led campaigns in the House of Lords to prevent equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual men with that of heterosexuals, and also fought the repeal of Section 28. She was ultimately defeated on all counts.
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That new piece of GST legislation mirrors similar rules governing the supply of digital services introduced in the European Union (EU) in January 2015 on the taxation of digital goods. The general taxation of digital goods and services has become more common internationally since the OECD released its long-awaited BEPS report in October 2015. Action 1 of the report deals with the taxation of the digital economy. The report provided guidelines and recommendations for such taxes be they in the form of value-added tax, GST, equalisation levy, or withholding tax.
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The RS800 has a weight equalisation system with extendable racks and lead weights, making the boat accommodating for both male and female sailors.Boat Facts It is a twin trapeze boat and the jib is self- tacking and the spinnaker is designed with low loads on the sheets. In 2007 a new deck layout was adopted, removing the stepped side in favour of more open design to encourage easier 'run - through'. In 2013 the class approved a new sail plan with the introduction of a square topped mainsail to modernise the boat.
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It represented a former section of the Ulster Unionist Party which opposed the official economic policy; in particular, the lack of urgency in dealing with unemployment and housing shortages. It proposed the maintenance of the union with the rest of the United Kingdom, the equalisation of taxation with the rest of the UK (which would have increased government revenues), and the use of this to tackle unemployment and provide housing with cheap rents. It also proposed to adopt the programme of the Ulster Farmers Union.John F. Harbinson, The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882-1973, p.
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The leading Bissel bogie and the first two pairs of coupled wheels were equalising in one group, while the remaining three pairs of coupled wheels were equalised with the trailing bogie, on each side (not cross-connected); thus three groups. As is usual, cross equalisation (LHS to RHS) was provided between the leading Bissel bogie and leading coupled wheels. Instead of pins, case-hardened cotters were provided for fulcrums of the bearing spring equalisinging beams. The proportion of balanced reciprocating parts was only 6% which reduced the hammer blow on the rails to per wheel at .
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Dr. Peterside was elected to serve in the House of Representatives from 2011 to May 2015 representing Andoni-Opobo-Nkoro Federal Constituency of Nigeria. As member of the house, he was appointed chairman, House Committee on Petroleum Resources (Downstream) where he had the privilege to oversight strategic National Oil and Gas establishments such as Petroleum Equalisation Fund, Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency, Pipelines and Products Marketing Company. He co- over sighted Petroleum Technology Development Fund. He led other legislators to sponsor and champion the Petroleum Industry Bill as chairman of the technical Committee of the House of Representatives.
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The bench headed by the then country's Chief Justice and the country's current Chief Justice as at 1 January 2016, in delivering their unanimous judgement on 27 April 2011 which further strengthened the order given earlier on 14 October 2009, issued landmark orders having the potential to reverse these adverse trends and reap over 30 rich dividends for the country and its people - disabled and non-disabled alike. This has been recognised in Sri Lanka as a significant achievement towards equalisation of opportunities, 'not simply' but the hard way, by the dis-abled for the dis- abled.
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Before the Pensions Act 1995, the state pension age had been 60 for women, and 65 for men. The Act changed this so that the women's pension age would be made equal with men, but that the transition should only be phased in from 2010 to 2020.Pensions Act 1995 s 126 and Sch 4 In 2006, a cross party Parliamentary report again recommended equalisation of ages on the basis of equal treatment of both sexes. It also recommended a rise in the state pension age for both men and women to 68 between 2024 and 2046.
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Australia also has a horizontal fiscal imbalance, which arises because state and territory governments have different abilities to raise revenue from their tax bases and because their respective costs of providing public services differ. This imbalance is addressed by a horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) policy overseen by the Commonwealth Grants Commission. When the Commonwealth transfers funds to states and territories, it does not give each State a fixed amount or an amount proportional to the state's population relative to other states. Rather, it uses a formula to disburse funds to states on a needs-basis and its ability to raise its own revenue.
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When Nesmith released "Wichita Train" on CD, he recorded the album onto digital from a phonograph. As he explained in the liner notes, the album was intended to be played on vinyl, and this, therefore, was an attempt to capture the album's true essence. (It is more likely that the master tapes could not be located. Hence the need to remix from the multitrack tapes for the later release.) Unfortunately, this means that it sounds as if the CD still has the vinyl's RIAA equalisation (low frequencies cut and high frequencies boosted) which makes the sound harsh and over-bright.
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A simple summary of this theory is when the prices of the output goods are equalized between countries as they move to free trade, then the prices of the factors (capital and labor) will also be equalized between countries. Whichever factor receives the lowest price before two countries integrate economically and effectively become one market will therefore tend to become more expensive relative to other factors in the economy, while those with the highest price will tend to become cheaper.Samuelson, P. A. (1948). "International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices", Economic Journal, June, pp. 163-184.
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Freight equalisation policy was adopted by the government of India to facilitate the equal growth of industry all over the country. This meant a factory could be set up anywhere in India and the transportation of minerals would be subsidised by the central government. The policy was introduced in 1952, and remained in force until 1993. The policy hurt the economic prospects of the mineral-rich states like Bihar (including present-day Jharkhand), West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh (including present-day Chhattisgarh) and Odisha, since it weakened the incentives for private capital to establish production facilities in these areas.
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It quickly became apparent that they had asphyxiated. The fault was traced to a breathing ventilation valve, located between the orbital module and the descent module, that had been jolted open as the descent module separated from the service module, 12 minutes and 3 seconds after retrofire. The two were held together by explosive bolts designed to fire sequentially; in fact, they had fired simultaneously. The explosive force of the simultaneous bolt firing caused the internal mechanism of the pressure equalisation valve to loosen a seal that was usually discarded later and which normally allowed for automatic adjustment of the cabin pressure.
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Instead, it followed a different route of devolution due to the reinstitution of the medieval charters, and is thus known as a "chartered community", as opposed to an "autonomous community". Both the Basque Country and Navarre are considered "communities of chartered regime", meaning they have fiscal autonomy: they collect their own taxes and send a prearranged amount to the central government. The other communities are considered to be of a "common regime"; currently, they administer their own taxes only partially. The taxes collected from "common regime" communities are administered centrally and distributed among them all to achieve fiscal equalisation.
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At Helbert, Wegg, & Co., Bolton started and managed a successful foreign exchange dealing department. After the Bank of England had abandoned the gold standard in 1931, the bank sought out Bolton for his expertise in this industry. In 1933, Bolton joined the Bank of England, where he was largely responsible for the market management of sterling exchange rate, using the resources of the Exchange Equalisation Account created by Neville Chamberlain the previous year. During the late 1930s, Bolton was involved with classified preparations for a structure of wartime exchange control plans, which were implemented when the war broke out in 1939.
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Nevertheless, there have been widespread misgivings about the effects of international trade upon wage earners in developed countries. Samuelson's factor price equalisation theorem indicates that, if productivity were the same in both countries, the effect of trade would be to bring about equality in wage rates. As noted above, that theorem is sometimes taken to mean that trade between an industrialised country and a developing country would lower the wages of the unskilled in the industrialised country. However, it is unreasonable to assume that productivity would be the same in a low-wage developing country as in a high-wage developed country.
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"Tibetan Yak- Music" was recorded on a 12-string guitar with unconventional tuning accompanied by what Phillips described as "graphics" from Williamson who created vocal-like effects at the end of the piece, and changed the graphic equalisation on the guitar track so it changes in timbre multiple times. Phillips described the track as "virtually improvised". It originated from sessions with Harry Williamson in early 1976 that were scheduled for a television soundtrack based on Tarka the Otter. "Lullaby–Old Father Time" is performed on four guitars: one acoustic 12-string, two acoustic 6-strings, and one electric guitar.
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The predecessor of the ministry, the Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences was founded in 1918, as it became autonomous from the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations. It was founded as a result of the resolution of the school struggle, the conflict about the equalisation of the finance for religious and public schools. During the German occupation the ministry was renamed Department for Education, Sciences and Cultural Conservation and a separate Department for Propaganda and Arts. In 1965 the department for arts was integrated into the new Ministry of Culture, Recreation and Social Work.
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The Health Insurance Authority () is the regulatory body for private health insurance in Ireland. The Authority's remit is to monitor and research health insurance generally; operate the risk equalisation scheme; advise the Minister on health insurance generally; monitor the operation of other relevant regulations as prescribed and safeguard the interests of current and future health insurance consumers. The Authority was established on 1 February 2001 in accordance with the terms of the Health Insurance Act, 1994 by Micheál Martin TD, then the Minister for Health and Children. The Members were appointed following consultation with relevant industry, professional and consumer rights representatives.
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The goods and services tax (GST) is a value-added tax introduced in Australia in 2000, which is collected by the Australian Tax Office. The revenue is then redistributed to the states and territories via the Commonwealth Grants Commission process. In essence, this is Australia's program of horizontal fiscal equalisation. Whilst the rate is currently set at 10%, there are many domestically consumed items that are effectively zero- rated (GST-free) such as fresh food, education, and health services, certain medical products, as well as exemptions for Government charges and fees that are themselves in the nature of taxes.
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By 2013, the figure had risen to €20.4 billion.German Energy Blog Some More Figures on German EEG Renewables Generation, Revenues, Surcharge, Payments, and the Special Equalisation Scheme The tariffs are lowered every year to encourage more efficient production of renewable energy. By 2014, the EEG surcharge – which pays for the additional costs through feed-in tariffs – had increased to 6.24 ¢/kWh.German Energy Blog German Renewables Surcharge Increases by 19% to 6.24 ¢/kWh in 2014 As of July 2014, the regular reductions (degressions) were 1.5% per year for electricity from onshore wind and 1% per month for electricity from photovoltaics.
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Equalisation can change the character of a recording noticeably. As EQ decisions are a matter of taste to some degree, they are often the subject of criticism. Mastering engineers such as Steve Hoffman have noted that using flat EQ on a mastering allows listeners to adjust the EQ on their equipment to their own preference, but mastering a release with a certain EQ means that it may not be possible to get a recording to sound right on high- end equipment. Additionally, from an artistic point of view, original mastering involved the original artist, remastering often does not.
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During his stewardship as Minister of Social Services, Karunaratne initiated action to enhance public assistance and introduced rehabilitation programmes for the handicapped. He also steered a bill in parliament to register all voluntary social service organisations in Sri Lanka, as he was convinced of the vital role these organisations had to play in the field of social service. Karunaratne was known for breaking down barriers of separatism—prejudice, exclusiveness of caste, race, and creed had long been the bane of Sri Lankan society. He maintained focus on extending educational opportunities and the equalisation of opportunity to regenerate the social structure of Sri Lanka.
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In 1953 the Nanango butter factory started producing butter milk powder, and a brick annex was added to the northern end of the factory to house the roller-drying plant. Butter consumption per capita in Australia dropped from to between 1957 and 1972, and Britain joining the European Economic Community provided another blow to prices. Irregular seasonal conditions and a lack of profits led many dairy farmers to drop out of the industry, and by 1975 the factory had 66 suppliers left. 1977 witnessed the end of the butter and cheese price equalisation scheme, and in May of that year butter production ended at Nanango.
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The business activity statement (BAS) is a form submitted to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) by registered business entities to report their tax obligations, including GST, pay as you go withholding (PAYGW), pay as you go instalments (PAYGI), fringe benefits tax (FBT), wine equalisation tax (WET) and luxury car tax (LCT). PAYGW is sometimes known as "Income Tax Withholding (ITW)," PAYGI is sometimes known as "Income Tax Instalments (ITI)". The ATO forwards to each registered business before the end of each reporting period a BAS tailor-made for the business entity. The BAS may be delivered to the business as a paper form, electronically or via the business’s registered tax agent.
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In July and August 2006, she issued three orders exempting two new community nursing units, to be built at St. Mary's Hospital in the Phoenix Park, from the usual legal requirement of planning permission, despite the Park being a designated and protected national monument. The Department of Health said the decision was made because of what it called the department's "emergency response to the accident and emergency crisis at the time", although the nursing units, in use since 2008, are mainly for geriatric care. The same year, in her capacity as Minister for Health, Mary Harney introduced risk equalisation into the Irish healthcare market. This was hugely resisted by BUPA.
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Socialism was introduced into the Middle East in the form of populist policies designed to galvanize the working class into overthrowing colonial powers and their domestic allies. These policies were held by authoritarian states interested in the rapid industrialisation and social equalisation of Arab nations and often were characterised by redistributive or protectionist economic policies, lower class mobilization, charismatic leaders and promises to improve national living standards. Those states were progressive in terms of the colonial development that had occurred thus far. They allowed important political and economic gains to be made by workers, encouraged land redistribution, unseated oligarchical political powers and implemented import-substituting industrialisation development strategies.
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With Marx, working time is not based on a free decision of households, but the outcome of a class struggle between workers and capitalists, the former trying to decrease, the latter to increase working time. Further, all this does not take account of effects of the accumulation process. With Marx, there is a tendency of equalisation of rate of profit in the accumulation process, which leads to prices of production. If the price of a commodity is above its price of production, then capitalists in that sector earn a super profit (a rate of profit above the average rate of profit of the economy as a whole).
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The Dictator is never seen, but his voice is broadcast to his subjects regularly, instructing them on the laws and morals of his society. His rule is enforced by Inspectors, who have the power to fine people for minor infringements or report them to the higher ministries for further punishment. A young woman named Jael 97, who has been reported to the Ministry of Facial Justice for being "facially over privileged" and causing discontent among other women, approaches the Equalisation (Faces) Centre to have a synthetic "Beta" face fitted so that she will blend in with the community. At the urging of a friend, however, she decides to put this off.
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He was naval aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan after the Battle of the Alma on 20 September 1854 in the Crimean War. Maxse retired from the Royal Navy in 1867, but failed in his attempts to get elected to Parliament in 1868 and 1874. Maxse was active in various causes including the Charity Organisation Society, John Stuart Mill's Land Tenure Reform Association, the National Education League and the Eastern Question Association, founded to campaign against the atrocities of the Ottoman Empire during the Bulgarian April Uprising of 1876. He also founded the Electoral Reform Association which campaigned for the equalisation of parliamentary constituencies.
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He vocally opposed the equalisation of the age of consent for gay couples in December 2001, revealing that he had been sexually abused by a man as a thirteen-year-old. He was one of seven MPs to storm out of the chamber in protest at the passage of a motion opposing the Iraq War in March 2003. Edwards faced another strong challenge from the National Party at the 2005 election, with a new National candidate in Geraldton radio host and former ABC TV weatherman Grant Woodhams. The result was not known until eleven days after the election, but Woodhams emerged successful, defeating Edwards by 292 votes.
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In the 1995 New Year Honours she was awarded an OBE, followed in 2008 by a CBE. Hurst has spoken at international, national and local conferences and seminars on the Disability Movement and equalisation of opportunities, Human Rights, Policy and Social Development, Bioethics and Disability, Independent Living, legislation, especially anti-discrimination, media images of disability, housing, access and transportation. She has been interviewed on local and national media and written articles in mainstream and disability press on disability rights issues. In the last few years her concentration has been on disablism, including bio-ethical concerns, such as genetics, genetic screening and the right to life.
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A long-running problem in dinghy racing is that light sailors are faster in light winds due to their lesser displacement and heavier sailors gain speed in stronger winds due to their increased righting moment. In the early 90s Laser addressed this problem with their equalisation system for both the Laser 5000 and Laser 4000. When racing one of these boats, lightweight crews are required to carry up to 4 lead weights in their boat (securely fastened in the centre). To compensate for their lack of capsize- preventing leverage, they are also allowed to extend the boat's rack outwards, effectively making the boat wider.
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Around the ARP the separate Protestant society began to grow: many Protestant schools were founded, a Protestant university (the Free University was founded in 1880), and a paper (De Standaard). In 1886 Kuyper broke free from the liberal Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlands-Hervormde Kerk) to found the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands in 1892 (in Dutch: Gereformeerde Kerken Nederland). The ARP had one practical political goal: equalisation of payment between public and religious schools. It had one political strategy: the Antithesis between religious and non-religious parties, which meant that he sought to break the cooperation between liberals and Catholics and to create an alliance between Catholics and Protestants.
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The Members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole and are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only held accountable by their electorate. The minimum legal number of members of the Bundestag () is 598; however due to the system of overhang and equalisation seats the current 19th Bundestag has a total of 709 members, making it the largest Bundestag to date. The Bundestag is elected every four years by German citizens over the age of 18. Elections use a mixed-member proportional representation system which combines first-past-the-post elected seats with a proportional party list.
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It was intended to have equalised performance of the powerplants, in terms of both power and torque like in the GT3 racing. But the equalisation was not successful as the teams that used Toyota engine which was tuned by Piedrafita had a lack of power in comparison with Mercedes and Volkswagen engines. The situation led to the withdrawal of the teams after the first round and switching to the Mercedes and Volkswagen engine prior round at Spa. Team Motopark driver Marino Sato won the title after the first race at Barcelona, having won eight races, including series of six wins in row in Spa, Hungaroring and Spielberg.
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The first crew launched later in the Soyuz 10 mission, but they ran into troubles while docking and were unable to enter the station; the Soyuz 10 mission was aborted and the crew returned safely to Earth. A replacement crew launched in Soyuz 11 and remained on board for 23 days. This was the first time in the history of spaceflight that a space station had been crewed, and a new record time was set in space. This success was, however, short-lived when the crew was killed during reentry, as a pressure-equalisation valve in the Soyuz 11 reentry capsule had opened prematurely, causing the crew to asphyxiate.
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Over the years Australia has developed an increasingly comprehensive system of horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) aimed at ensuring that all jurisdictions have the same fiscal capacity in relation to their needs. Since 1933, a statutory agency of the Commonwealth government, the Commonwealth Grants Commission, has been responsible for determining the way transfers are distributed among the States and Territories to accomplish this goal. Since 2000, the net revenue of the GST, a national value-added tax, has been distributed as general purpose payments according to a strict levelling formula determined by the Grants Commission. Discontent with this arrangement led to a review inquiry in 2012.
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The equalisation connection is needed when the pressure at the sensing position differs from the pressure at the valve output. A thermal expansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve (often abbreviated as TEV, TXV, or TX valve) is a component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the vapor leaving the evaporator. Although often described as a "thermostatic" valve, an expansion valve does not regulate temperature, the temperature of the evaporator will vary with the evaporation pressure. The superheat is the excess temperature of the vapor above its boiling point at the evaporating pressure.
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A pressure equalisation valve in the descent module of the Soyuz opened prematurely when the three modules of the spacecraft separated, suffocating all three. Salyut 1 was moved to a higher orbit between July and August 1971 to ensure that it would not be destroyed prematurely through orbital decay. In the meantime, Soyuz capsules were being substantially re- designed to allow pressure suits to be worn during launch, docking maneuvers, and re-entry. However, Salyut 1 ran out of supplies before the Soyuz redesign effort was concluded, and it was decided to fire the engines for the last time on 11 October 1971, to lower its orbit and ensure prompt destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean.
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Equalisation during ascent is automatic as excess air inside the mask easily leaks out past the seal. A wide range of viewport shapes and internal volumes are available, and each design will generally fit some shapes of face better than others. A good comfortable fit and a reliable seal around the edges of the rubber skirt is important to the correct function of the mask. GOST 20568:1975 compliant Russian and Ukrainian diving masks Nine national and international standards relating to diving masks are known to exist: British standard BS 4532:1969 (amended 1977); USSR and CIS standard GOST 20568:1975 (Active); German standard DIN 7877:1980; Polish Industry Standard BN-82/8444-17.01 (Active).
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The stated intention of the under-occupancy penalty policy is to reduce these costs and to ease housing shortages and overcrowding. A similar policy was enacted over a decade beforehand in private-sector housing, as the Local Housing Allowance, without attracting controversy, and this policy essentially represents an equalisation of treatment of benefit claimants, regardless of whether they live in private tenancies or social housing. The reforms formed one part of the 2010–2015 Coalition Government's wide-ranging welfare-reform agenda which included the introduction of Universal Credit, the introduction of a cap on the total size of the welfare bill (see welfare cap), reform of Council Tax and reform of disability benefits (see Personal Independence Payment).
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The 500L uses shock absorbers (marketed as Koni Frequency Selective Damping (FSD) Technology) designed to filter out high-frequency suspension inputs from uneven road surfaces while maintaining ride control mechanically rather than electronically. The 500L's sunroof is 10.8 sf, the largest in its class. An optional Beats Audio system which claims a total power of 520 watts with two 80 watt mid-woofer speakers low in the front door panels, two 40 watt speakers high in the front door panels, two 60 watt speakers in the rear door panels, an 80+80 watt subwoofer in the rear cargo area and an amplifier with DSP and 8 channels and a built-in advanced equalisation algorithm.
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Since the introduction by the League of equalisation policies of a salary cap and draft in 1987,NAB AFL Draft every team currently competing in the Australian Football League (except for , which has not yet qualified for a finals series) has qualified for a grand final. This has had a significant impact on the spread of premierships: since 1990, thirteen clubs have won a premiership, compared with only five clubs between 1967 and 1989. and have won the most VFL/AFL premierships, with a total of 16 each. Of the teams currently competing in the Australian Football League, only , Gold Coast and (three of the competition's four newest clubs) are yet to win a premiership.
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An exception to this standard were mechanical storytelling dolls from the 1980s (e.g. Teddy Ruxpin) which used the Type IV metal configuration cassette shell but had normal Type I voice grade tape inside. These toys used the Type IV notches to detect that a specially coded tape had been inserted, where the audio of the story is stored on the left channel and various cue tones to tell the doll's servos how and when to move along with the story on the right channel. Most pre-recorded chrome cassettes require 120 µs equalisation and are treated as Type I (with notches as Type I ferric cassettes), to ensure compatibility with budget equipment.
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Pensions Act 2014 s 26 In May 2019, a challenge in the High Court failed to reverse decisions to accelerate the equalisation of the pension ages on the ground that not enough notice was given.R (Delve) v Secretary of State for Work And Pensions [2019] EWHC 2552 The Conservative Party in its 2019 Manifesto has said it will not change the rules, while the Labour Party had committed to compensating women who were unfairly affected by the changes in the pension age.'General election 2019: What is Labour offering to Waspi women?' (25 November 2019) BBC, "Labour's Angela Rayner told BBC News: "The government failed the women who were born in the 1950s.
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As they leave the surface, the divers will start equalising the pressure in their middle ears to prevent barotrauma, and will add air to their dry-suits, if using them, to prevent squeeze. Air may be added to the BCD as needed to control rate of descent. They may stop at a pre-arranged depth to do a final equipment check for air leaks. Equalisation will continue as needed all the way down, and depth must be monitored using a depth gauge or dive computer so that they can inflate their BCDs to neutral buoyancy in time to stop before colliding with the bottom, or overshooting the planned depth if diving a wall or steep slope.
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Riley views the message as a precursor to the "I'd love to turn you on" theme of "A Day in the Life" and, aided by the band's performance, optimistic in tone as Lennon "sings for the unsung, the people who have shut themselves off from life". Heavy equalisation was applied to the electric guitar parts through a series of faders, giving them a treble-rich texture that, as with the harmony vocals, recalls the Byrds' sound. In Prendergast's description, the track "burst[s] forth with all the gusto of newly discovered psychedelia", as Lennon's lead vocal "luxuriates in an opiated haze of production and Harrison's Fender Stratocaster solo fuzzes with all the right hallucinatory sparkle".
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These included the county council, the city corporation, the Metropolitan Asylums Board, the metropolitan borough councils, boards of guardians, assessment committees, boards of managers of school districts, a sick asylum district management board, an insurance committee and an old age pensions committee. There were also four statutory bodies that exercised powers over a wider area of which the county formed a part, namely the Metropolitan Water Board, the Port of London Authority, the Thames Conservancy Board and the Lee Conservancy Board. The powers and duties of the authorities and the financial relations between them were described as "complicated in many respects". Within the county itself there were three different mechanisms of rates equalisation as well as overlapping powers.
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Above first-order, it is no longer possible to obtain Ambisonic components directly with single microphone capsules. Instead, higher-order difference signals are derived from several spatially distributed (usually omnidirectional) capsules using very sophisticated digital signal processing.Peter Plessas, Rigid Sphere Microphone Arrays for Spatial Recording and Holography, Diploma thesis in Electrical Engineering - Audio Engineering, Graz 2009 The em32 Eigenmike is a commercially available 32-channel, ambisonic microphone array. Due to the aggressive equalisation necessary, the timbral and noise performance of higher-order arrays is not currently comparable to traditional high-quality recording microphones, and the resulting B-format is increasingly band-limited towards higher orders, raising issues of up- and downwards compatibility.
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The government, citing the lack of unanimity of the commission, declined to implement its report. The government responded to a strike by the Yorkshire miners in July 1919 by planning measures to maintain the mines during the strike. In April 1921 the miners went on strike, seeking equalisation of wages between coalfields, but the unity of the triple alliance collapsed, leaving the miners to fight on until hunger drove them back to work on Black Friday, leaving the employers (who had come together in the Mining Association) in control. There was a small concession to the miners of a temporary subsidy of £10M, but their average pay fell by 30% during 1921.
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With liability for local taxation assessed on the basis of a 'rateable value' deriving from rents, Poplar Borough Council had to set a much higher rate in order to produce the same amount as produced by low rates in a wealthy borough. In addition to the precept for Poplar Poor Law Union, Poplar ratepayers were also charged precepts to pay for the London County Council, Metropolitan Police, Metropolitan Asylums Board and the Metropolitan Water Board. There was a small fund which attempted to correct for the different rate products but Poplar called for complete equalisation of the rates so that the same rate brought in the same income both to Poplar and to a wealthier West London borough.
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In the international trade context for which it was devised it means that trade lowers the real wage of the scarce factor of production, and protection from trade raises it. Another corollary of the H–O theorem is Samuelson's factor price equalisation theorem which states that as trade between countries tends to equalise their product prices, it tends also to equalise the prices paid to their factors of production. Those theories have sometimes been taken to mean that trade between an industrialised country and a developing country would lower the wages of the unskilled in the industrialised country. (But, as noted below, that conclusion depends upon the unlikely assumption that productivity is the same in the two countries).
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Swelling from ebullism can be reduced by containment in a flight suit which are necessary to prevent ebullism above 19 km. During the Space Shuttle program astronauts wore a fitted elastic garment called a Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS) which prevented ebullism at pressures as low as 2 kPa (15 mm Hg). The only humans known to have died of exposure to vacuum in space are the three crew-members of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft; Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski, and Viktor Patsayev. During preparations for re-entry from orbit on June 30, 1971, a pressure-equalisation valve in the spacecraft's descent module unexpectedly opened at an altitude of , causing rapid depressurisation and the subsequent death of the entire crew.
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Utility pockets on the suit's thighs were intended to hold survival gear, such as a folding knife, a pistol and other items. A pressure gauge was fitted on the left sleeve and a pressure equalisation valve on the chest. The Strizh spacesuit and the Buran ejection seat were tested during the ascent of a Soyuz booster in a series of five Progress launches (Progress 38 through 42) during 1988-1990. The Strizh pressure suit, like its United States Air Force counterpart (itself based on the X-15 and Gemini space suit and now used as part of NASA's Advanced Crew Escape Suit), is still in use for all Russian high-altitude aircraft that lack pressurized cabins.
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The S6 respirator provided protection to the face, eyes, lung and throat of the wearer against all known chemical agents of that time. The S6 features an innovative air seal around the inside of the face piece to improve the fit and comfort of the mask; a tap inside the nose cup was to allow the equalisation of pressure inside the air seal, in different climatic conditions. The wearer's natural body heat would then warm the trapped air to inflate the air seal, thus getting a better seal around the face. A left-handed version put the filter canister on the right which allowed left-handed wearers to be shoulder, aim and fired their rifle as usual.
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In 1994 the Supreme Court ruled that the Governments Risk Equalisation specifications were incompatible with the Health Insurance Act 1994 and must be set aside. But the Health Insurance (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill December 2008 proposed a new scheme of levies on all health insurance members to be used to fund a new system of tax credits for those over 50 who have private medical insurance.Private health insurance Private Medical Insurance in Ireland, a short summary; Citizens Information Board, 24 June 2010 In late 2009, the future of the entity came into question, as its holder, the QUINN group, fell into administration, and was looking to sell off its insurance assets in the UK and Ireland.
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Where old disc recordings are considered to be of artistic or historic interest, from before the era of tape or where no tape master exists, archivists play back the disc on suitable equipment and record the result, typically onto a digital format, which can be copied and manipulated to remove analog flaws without any further damage to the source recording. For example, Nimbus Records uses a specially built horn record player to transfer 78s. Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer. However, for accurate transfer, professional archivists carefully choose the correct stylus shape and diameter, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.
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The Commonwealth Grants Commission is an independent statutory Australian body that advises the Australian Government on financial assistance to the states and territories of Australia under section 96 of the Australian Constitution. The Commission was established in July 1933 by the Lyons Government during the Great Depression to provide impartial advice on the distribution of federal government grants to the states. The Commission now operates under the Commonwealth Grants Commission Act 1973, and is responsible for measuring the relative fiscal capacity of each state and territory. The Commission now recommends how the revenues raised from the goods and services tax (GST) should be distributed to each state and territory to achieve horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE), a central feature of the Australian federation.
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This page is a complete chronological listing of VFL/AFL premiers. The Australian Football League (AFL), known as the Victorian Football League (VFL) until 1990, is the elite national competition in men's Australian rules football. The inaugural premiership was awarded as a result of a round-robin finals system; this format was replaced after the first season, and a grand final has been held every season since 1898 to determine the premiers, with the exception of 1924 when a modified round-robin system was used. The formation of a national competition, beginning in 1987, has resulted in the league attempting to develop "an even and stable competition" through a range of equalisation policies, such as a salary cap and draft (introduced in 1985 and 1986 respectively).
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In principle, the loudspeaker signals are derived by using a linear combination of the Ambisonic component signals, where each signal is dependent on the actual position of the speaker in relation to the center of an imaginary sphere the surface of which passes through all available speakers. In practice, slightly irregular distances of the speakers may be compensated with delay. True Ambisonics decoding however requires spatial equalisation of the signals to account for the differences in the high- and low-frequency sound localisation mechanisms in human hearing.Eric Benjamin, Richard Lee, and Aaron Heller: Localization in Horizontal-Only Ambisonic Systems, 121st AES Convention, San Francisco 2006 A further refinement accounts for the distance of the listener from the loudspeakers (near-field compensation).
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Teams exceeding the cap are required to pay "salary equalisation" (effectively a luxury tax) equal to the amount above the cap. Additionally, players' values for purposes of the cap are not based on their publicised salaries, but are instead determined by an NBL panel. Also, the points system in place for the previous 13 seasons was scrapped; in its place, a salary cap provision was added requiring that all teams have at least one group of five players with a collective cap value of no more than A$400,000. Second, the Marquee Player rule was modified with regard to "non-restricted" players; the cap charge for a qualifying player who fills the marquee player slot is now $150,000, regardless of his actual salary.
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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), in which pressurised oxygen is inhaled inside a hyperbaric chamber, has been studied under the theory that improving oxygen availability to damaged brain cells can reactivate some of them to function normally. HBOT results in no significant difference from that of pressurised room air, however, and some children undergoing HBOT may experience adverse events such as seizures and the need for ear pressure equalisation tubes. Patterning is a controversial form of alternative therapy for people with CP. The method is promoted by The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP), a Philadelphia nonprofit organisation, but has been criticised by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Conductive education (CE) was developed in Hungary from 1945 based on the work of András Pető.
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In 1925, the district auditor surcharged the councillors for Poplar Borough Council's policies of more generous pay for council workers, and equal pay for women workers. The surcharge was challenged by judicial review in the courts and, eventually, in Roberts v Hopwood the House of Lords ruled that the increased pay was unlawful, and upheld the surcharge. Despite the equalisation of rates, the dispute regarding the monies paid for outdoor relief would continue for some years until the abolition of the poor law unions. Under the Local Government Act 1929, the responsibility for the provision of outdoor relief transferred from the Poplar Poor Law Union to the London Council Council, and thereby the financial burden was spread across the entire County of London.
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Redox flow batteries, and to a lesser extent hybrid flow batteries, have the advantages of flexible layout (due to separation of the power and energy components), long cycle life (because there are no solid-to-solid phase transitions), quick response times, no need for "equalisation" charging (the overcharging of a battery to ensure all cells have an equal charge) and no harmful emissions. Some types also offer easy state-of-charge determination (through voltage dependence on charge), low maintenance and tolerance to overcharge/overdischarge. They are safe and typically do not contain flammable electrolytes and due to the reason that electrolytes can be stored away from the power stack. These technical merits make redox flow batteries a well-suited option for large-scale energy storage.
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When the competition was known as the Victorian Football League (VFL), the league introduced the first incarnation of a draft system in 1981, where teams had two selections each of interstate players determined by reverse finishing position order. The draft was introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries at the time, which in combination with declining attendances threatened to derail the league. It was also a result of the failure of country zoning, introduced in 1967, which had led to a systematic inequality whereby the clubs with the best zones, like Carlton and Hawthorn, could dominate over clubs with poorer zones like Melbourne. In 1986, the first of the modern VFL Drafts was held.
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Passage of the Tour de France along the Grande Rue during Stage 20 of the 2012 Tour de France, on 22 July Sèvres hosts the French Federation of Sport Blowgun (France Sport Blowgun Association), founded in 2004 by Stéphane Jouanneau (Blowgun Long-Distance Vice World Champion). The Sèvres Football Club senior team is currently coached by Alexandre Matejic, a former professional footballer, and winner of the with Toulouse FC. Operating in the departmental divisions, Sèvres FC just missed reaching the 4th round of the Coupe de France 2008-2009. Indeed, playing against Red Star (then in CFA) at the Fountains Stadium, Sèvres FC opened the score in the 7th minute through Thomas Millet. The score remained at 1-0 for seventy-five minutes, until the equalisation by Demba Diagouraga, for the team from Saint-Ouen.
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A series of mergers eventually led to the formation of the Christian Historical Union (CHU) in 1908. After the Coalition won a majority in the 1901 general election, Kuyper came to lead a cabinet including ARP and Catholic ministers, while De Savornin Lohman's group stayed out of the government but provided confidence and supply support. Schaepman's vision of a united Catholic party became a reality on 15 October 1904, a year after his death, when local Catholic electoral caucuses united to form the national General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses. In 1913 a liberal cabinet was formed which sought to address all the major political issues of the time in the Pacification of 1917, which involved the extension of suffrage, the implementation of proportional representation, and equalisation of school finance.
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In the House of Lords, he opposed compulsory sex education in schools, the 1990 Embryology bill and along with many peers of his generation, felt homophobia was not just acceptable but enshrined in the teachings of his religion. A devout Roman Catholic, during debates in the Lords on the equalisation of the age of consent in 2000, he compared homosexuality to child abuse and attacked the Blair government for threatening to impose the will of the House of Commons on the Lords by way of the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949: "[]he one thing I cannot come to terms with is the concept that homosexuality must be equated with heterosexuality and that homosexual couples must be equated with married couples." He married Julia (Sheila) Murphy in 1944. His wife was Irish, originally from County Kerry.
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The incident prompted Cabinet Secretary Robin Butler to warn Channel 4 head Michael Grade against any further calls for fear that state secrets could be inadvertently leaked. In his later years as an MP, Body clearly distanced himself from an increasingly economic-rationalist and internationalist Tory party by associating himself with a number of environmentalist groups who disapproved of large national or free trade groupings and supported smaller, more "natural" and "organic" communities. He has been associated with such long-standing figures of the green movement such as Edward Goldsmith, John Seymour, and John Papworth. Unlike the vast majority of Conservative MPs, Body voted in favour of the equalisation of sexuality activity to apply equally to homosexuals from the age of 16, and also supported the legalisation of cannabis.
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In working on the three-track Hollywood Bowl concert tapes, Martin discovered quite a challenge. The first difficulty was finding a working three-track machine with which to play them. Once he found one, he discovered that the machine overheated when it was running, melting the magnetic tape. Martin and recording engineer Geoff Emerick came up with the solution of blowing air from a vacuum cleaner to keep the tape deck cool whilst the recordings were transferred to 16-track tape for filtering, equalisation, editing, and mixing. Although the original album sleeve says that the recordings were all made on 23 August 1964 and 30 August 1965, "Ticket to Ride" and "Help!" were recorded on 29 August 1965, and "Dizzy Miss Lizzy" is a composite using parts from both nights in 1965.
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The draft was run in conjunction to the existing zone system. Players from West Australian Football League and the new West Coast Eagles were excluded from the 1986 draft, with the Eagles able to recruit up to 35 West Australian players with no more than 6 players from any single WAFL club. The other new club for the 1987 VFL season, the Brisbane Bears, received 6 concessionary picks before the other clubs and exclusive access to all Queensland based players. Since then, the rules associated with priority picks, zone allocations, the father–son rule, mid-year, pre-season and rookie drafts, expansion clubs concessions and trading of players and picks have been frequently changed, but the basic premise of draft being an equalisation measure to assist the poorer performed teams has remained.
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Full equalisation means that, after HFE, each of the six states, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory would have the capacity to provide services and the associated infrastructure at the same standard, if each state or territory made the same effort to raise revenue from its own sources and operated at the same level of efficiency. Currently the funds distributed to achieve HFE are the revenues raised from the Goods and Services Tax (GST), currently about AUD50bn a year. The distribution of GST required to achieve HFE is decided by the Federal Treasurer each year, on the basis of advice provided by the Commonwealth Grants Commission (CGC). Achieving HFE does not mean that the states and territories are directed how to raise revenue or how to spend their funds.
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In this way, the resulting mixset is brought about through a symbiotic relationship between audience and DJ.Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey by Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton Studio DJs have the luxury of spending more time on their mix, which often leads to productions that could never be realized in real-time. Traditional DJ mixing with vinyl required the DJ sync tracks tempo and the modify each tracks volume and equalisation to create a smooth blend. DJs can use a mixer's crossfader to switch between tracks or use the volume control for each source with the crossfader permanently positioned in the middle. Mixing is usually done through the use of headphones and a monitor speaker or foldback as basic aids.
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The bill instructed the boundary commissions to undertake the Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies before 2014, which would have involved a significant redistribution of seats between the four parts of the UK and the near-equalisation of constituency sizes by registered electorate. In accordance with this, the Boundary Commissions began a full revision of constituency boundaries with an instruction to reduce the number of constituencies to 600 and to recommend constituencies which are no more than 5% above or below the standard size. However, in August 2012, Liberal Democrats party leader Nick Clegg announced that his party would oppose the implementation of the new constituency boundaries as a reaction to the failure of the government to enact House of Lords reform. In January 2013, the Government lost a vote on this timetable, which effectively ended the entire process.
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Reinerts claims poor country's concentrating their production on industries with diminishing returns to scale will lead them to become more inefficient the more they invest while the opposite thing will happen to the rich countries with their primarily increasing returns to scale industries. This, he argues, is why following Ricardian Economics, mainly his theory of comparative advantage, will, instead of leading to the factor price equalisation neo-liberals profess, in fact usher poor countries into "specialising in being poor and inefficient".Reinert, Erik S. 'Diminishing Returns and Economic Sustainability; The Dilemma of Resource-based Economies under a Free Trade Regime. Paul Krugman, however, takes use of increasing returns to scale in his New Trade Theory to explain the success of the industrialised countries, but leaves out diminishing returns to scale explaining the misery of the Third World.
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These figures compared unfavourably with BCal and British Airways, whose issued share capital stood at £12 million and £100 million respectively.as per the relevant 1978 Interavia edition As long ago as June 1971, when Skytrain was first announced, it was revealed that Laker Airways had net assets of £1.68 million and tax equalisation reserves of £450,000. Although this amounted to over £2 million, it could not disguise the fact that Laker Airways was a financial minnow compared with most of the established flag carriers and BCal. The weak financial position was underlined by the fact that 90 percent of the share capital was held by Sir Freddie and the remainder by Joan Laker, a former spouse, while Laker Airways was a subsidiary of Laker Airways (Leasing), which in turn was a subsidiary of Jersey-incorporated Laker Airways (International).
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The straight line nature of the Silverstone National circuit suited the cars with greater top speed, which meant that MG KX Momentum Racing and Jason Plato once again led the way in qualifying, taking Plato's pole tally this season to five. It was a very different story though for Honda Yuasa Racing Team and Pirtek Racing with their Honda Civics after the latest round of performance equalisation (based on the car's previous results and lap times) left the cars with reduced turbo pressure. This left Matt Neal starting in tenth place whilst championship leader Gordon Shedden could only manage 19th with maximum championship ballast. Elsewhere on the grid, Dave Newsham, Rob Austin and Will Bratt had their fastest times disallowed after race stewards deemed the drivers guilty of exceeding the track limits and gaining an advantage.
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In Australia tax-free shopping is called the Tourist Refund Scheme (TRS) which allows overseas visitors and Australian residents to claim a refund of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Wine equalisation tax (WET) paid on certain goods bought in Australia within 60 days of leaving Australia, and then taken out of Australia in carry-on bags or worn. The refund is available on goods purchased in the 60 days before leaving Australia, purchases from any single business (even on separate invoices) must total $300 (GST inclusive) or more, the traveller must have an original tax invoice for the goods, the goods may require to be verified by an officer at the Customs and Border Protection Client Services counter.Tourist Refund Scheme Claims for a tax refund can be made at the TRS counter in an international airport or the cruiseliner terminal of some Australian seaports.
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Pictured in 2009 wearing a remake of her Union Jack dress from the 1997 Brit Awards, the dress became synonymous with girl power Although regularly uttered by all five Spice Girls, the phrase “girl power” was most closely associated with Halliwell, and was often accompanied with a peace sign. In a Christmas 1996 interview with The Spectator magazine, Halliwell spoke of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as being an inspiration for their girl power ideology. In a 2019 interview with Harper's Bazaar, she said, “For me, if you look it up, it means equalisation between the sexes. It means everybody, whether you’re a man, woman or something in between. Forget about labels, it’s about embracing everyone’s individuality and giving them the opportunity and gender equality and pushing that forward.” Halliwell's association with girl power (and her friendship with George Michael) was spoofed in the BBC comedy series Rock Profile.
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The borough covered the same area of the parish of Deptford St Paul, which had been separated from the neighbouring parish of Deptford St Nicholas to its north in 1730. The rateable values of the two parishes had been roughly equal when they were separated, but St Paul contained all the farmland to the south, the majority of which was built on over the next 170 years. When the Metropolitan Borough was created, consideration was given to reuniting the two parishes, but a closer equalisation of rateable value was served by uniting St Nicholas with Greenwich to the east. The growth of the London conurbation had reached Deptford by the end of the eighteenth century but it had been a large industrial town well before this time: the Royal Docks and the Victualling Yard, which provisioned the Navy, and the various private dockyards, meant it was a prosperous and cosmopolitan town.
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Australia has a formal horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) scheme, introduced in 1933, which distribute more funds to States and territories which have a lower capacity to raise revenue or have a greater cost burden, to enable each State and territory to have the capacity to provide services and the associated infrastructure at the same standard, if each made the same effort to raise revenue from its own sources and operated at the same level of efficiency. Currently, the funds distributed to achieve HFE are the revenues raised by the Commonwealth from the goods and services tax (GST), currently about AU$50bn a year. The amount collected by the Commonwealth from GST is distributed by the federal Treasurer each year on the basis of advice provided by the Commonwealth Grants Commission. Achieving HFE does not mean that the States are directed how to raise revenue or how to spend their funds.
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The tax on sugar and 29 other commodities had been abolished a year earlier.. Strachey's tax reforms continued, and he brought an end to import duties and almost complete free trade to India by 1880. In 1882 Viceroy Lord Ripon finally standardised the salt tax across most of India at a rate of two rupees per maund.. However the trans-Indus districts of India continued to be taxed at eight annas (½ rupee) per maund until 23 July 1896 and Burma maintained its reduced rate of just three annas.. The equalisation of tax cost the government 1.2 million rupees of lost revenue. The potential for salt to be smuggled from the Kohat (trans-Indus) region meant that the north-western section of the line, some 325 miles long from Layyah to Torbela, continued to be policed by the Department of Salt Revenue in Northern India until at least 1895..
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Luxembourg City Night Wikimedia Commons Social class in Luxembourg after 1945 is generally based on occupation, personal income and spending power as well as rights to social welfare rather than birth circumstances and family background. The country's demographic situation has changed considerably since 1945, where a mostly blue-collar working population gave way to mostly white- collar occupations over the second half of the twentieth century.Wey, C., La Société Luxembourgeoise 1944-1974: Une micro-société pendant les ‘trente glorieuses’, in: Forum 103 (1988), p. 16-18. Differences in consumer patterns between the white collar and blue collar workers decreased considerably between 1963 and 1977, causing a socio-economic evolution which saw a wider sphere of access for both working and middle classes to consumer goods such as cars, white goods and real estate, thus demonstrating an equalisation of social strata in terms of income and spending power.
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By incorporating thermal destratification technology into buildings, energy requirements are reduced as heating systems are no longer over-delivering in order to constantly replace the heat that rises away from the floor area, by redistributing the already heated air from the unoccupied ceiling space back down to floor level, until temperature equalisation is achieved. With regards to cooling destratification systems ensure the cooled air supplied is circulated fully and distributed evenly throughout internal environments, eliminating hot and cold spots and satisfying thermostats for longer periods of time. As a result, destratification technology has great potential for carbon emission reductions due to the reduced energy requirement, and is in turn capable of cutting costs for businesses, sometimes by up to 50%. This is supported by The Carbon Trust which recommends destratification in buildings as one of its top three methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
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In 1994 Carey voted in the House of Lords to defeat equality legislation that would have lowered the age of consent for homosexual men, from 21 years, to the same age as for heterosexuals (16 years) and again, in 1998 he voted against the equalisation of age of consent, at that time 18, to 16. Since his retirement, Carey has tolerated same-sex partnerships in secular law but continues to oppose same- sex marriage and church blessings of same-sex partnerships. In March 2006, he personally endorsed "with enthusiasm" a questionnaire to American bishops from what he described as "Lay Episcopalians who wish their Church to remain faithful to Orthodox Christianity" in relation to the controversy in that church over the ordination of an openly gay bishop. For this, he was chided by Frank Griswold, the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States, "for allowing himself to be used by others whose political ambition is to sow division".
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The society's main objectives are: #To work towards the elimination of discrimination against disabled persons; #To promote the equalisation of opportunities for disabled persons; #To take such steps as it considers appropriate with a view to encouraging good practice in the treatment of disabled persons; #Make proposals or give other advice to any Government Ministers as to any aspect of the law or a proposed change to the law; #Make proposals or give other advice to any Government agency or other public authority as to the practical application of any law; #Work towards the elimination of discrimination against - and equalise opportunities for - people with disabilities. It will also promote good practice to employers and service providers, provide advice and information and advise the Government about the implementation of the Disability discrimination act. There are no documented statistics of people with disabilities in Gibraltar. However, The GLDM can advise that there are currently 124 persons in receipt of a Disability Allowance.
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At the end of the monarchy of 1918, this question was still to be highly disputed among lawyers and led to the Bavarian law on the Wittelsbach Equalisation Fund. For, at the beginning of the 19th century, to which Ludwig had also descended, had transferred his property to the distressed state (also in accordance with the Bavarian constitution of 1818), and the state had taken over the supply of Wittelsbach. After 1918, jurists of the former royal house argued that in Bavaria a separation between state property and the house wealth of the Wittelsbachs had not yet been carried out. The resulting compromise led to the founding of the Wittelsbach compensation fund, which included the former Wittelsbach property (including the castles of Berg and Hohenschwangau, but not the castles belonging to King Ludwig II, which were retained under state ownership) and whose income since then has been sustained by members of the former Royal family.
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The techniques initially used by the Radiophonic Workshop were closely related to those used in musique concrète; new sounds for programs were created by using recordings of everyday sounds such as voices, bells or gravel as raw material for "radiophonic" manipulations. In these manipulations, audio tape could be played back at different speeds (altering a sound's pitch), reversed, cut and joined, or processed using reverb or equalisation. The most famous of the Workshop's creations using 'radiophonic' techniques include the Doctor Who theme music, which Delia Derbyshire created using a plucked string, 12 oscillators and a lot of tape manipulation; and the sound of the TARDIS (the Doctor's time machine) materialising and dematerialising, which was created by Brian Hodgson running his keys along the rusty bass strings of a broken piano, with the recording slowed down to make an even lower sound. Much of the equipment used by the Workshop in the earlier years of its operation in the late 1950s was semi-professional and was passed down from other departments, though two giant professional tape-recorders made an early centrepiece.
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In December 1989, the Parliament of Western Australia passed the Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act 1989 which decriminalised private sexual acts between two people of the same sex and went into effect in March 1990.Gay Law Reform in Australian States and territories The Act was however, one of the strictest gay law reform acts in Australia, as it made the age of consent for homosexual sex acts between males 21, whilst lowering the heterosexual age of consent to 16. The Act also created new homosexual-oriented offences under state law, including making it a crime for a person to "...promote or encourage homosexual behaviour as part of the teaching in any primary or secondary educational institutions..." or make public policy with respect to the undefined promotion of homosexual behaviour.Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act 1989 LGBT people in Western Australia achieved equalisation of consent ages in 2002 via the Acts Amendment (Gay and Lesbian Law Reform) Act 2002, which also repealed the laws with respect to promotion of homosexual behaviour in public policy and in educational institutions.
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This was the third season that cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) specification will be allowed to compete and the first season since the end of the phased transition from the Super 2000 specification which saw the organising body, TOCA, maintain a performance equalisation between the two chassis specifications. The season saw teams compete with car chassis built to either NGTC or S2000 specification although the NGTC cars had a significant performance advantage over the S2000 cars by giving NGTC cars a significant increase in the turbo boost pressures which they are allowed to run. All teams used the NGTC 2.0 litre turbocharged engine. Teams with S2000 cars were eligible for the newly introduced S2000 trophy named after the winner of the inaugural British Saloon Car Championship in 1958, Jack Sears, known as the Jack Sears Trophy, of which Sears himself awarded to the top S2000 finisher of the year – Lea Wood – at the final round at Brands Hatch based on the amount of S2000 wins (known as 'cups') over the season.
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It was possible that other states could impose a retail fee of their own; if the interstate fee was higher, this would only serve to compound the problem, while if it were lower, this additional fee would protect Victorian wholesalers from more competitive interstate wholesalers. Even if this tax were imposed in the pursuit of economic equalisation, the most it would do is to "provide some local justification for the imposition of a protectionist tax in respect of interstate goods at the later retail stage of distribution" (per majority). The judges emphasised that a tax upon retailers, in order to be consistent with section 92, must apply equally to interstate and local goods sold. Thus, the question to be asked is whether the tax is imposed "on all transactions of the relevant kind without differentiation based on the source or destination of the goods", and if the tax refers to a particular market, the material factor is the effect of the tax on transactions in that particular market.
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Skinner has voted for equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry, and has a strongly pro-choice stance on abortion. On 20 January 1989, he talked out a move to reduce the number of weeks at which an abortion can be legally performed in Britain by moving the writ for the Richmond by- election. On 7 June 1985, he talked out a bill by Enoch Powell which would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for the by-election in Brecon and Radnor. Skinner later described this as his proudest political moment. In 2000, Skinner denounced former ally Ken Livingstone, then serving as a Labour MP. Livingstone had failed to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London, and had then decided to run as an independent candidate instead, urging his supporters to help Green Party candidates get elected.
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Port Melbourne team that won its first premiership in 1897 The Borough joined the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1886 and has played in every season since then. In 1897, Port Melbourne was left out of the group of eight clubs which formed the breakaway VFL competition, despite having regularly been about the sixth- or seventh- best performing team onfield. Historian Terry Keenan theorised that the likeliest reason for Port Melbourne's exclusion was the reputation for the poor behaviour that its players and spectators had developed over the previous decade; its rivalry with and proximity to the influential South Melbourne Football Club and the fact that the club had supported the gate equalisation measures which the breakaway clubs were trying to escape were also speculated to have contributed to the decision. The club, and the suburb of Port Melbourne in general, were heavily associated with wharf labourers and the union movement. During a 1928 waterfront strike in Melbourne, a wharf labourer protesting the use of scab labour was shot by police; as a result, the club banned any police from playing with them.
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When in 1948 a new system of government equalisation grants to local authorities was introduced uniformity in rating valuation was essential and this could only be provided by a central organisation such as the VO. It was not feasible to absorb the extra rating staff and work into the hundred existing VO offices so a separate network of 268 new offices were opened with the majority of their staff being transferred from local authorities. Each local office was headed by a district valuer responsible for all of the rating and revenue work within the geographical responsibility of his office. There were regional offices each headed by a superintending valuer who was responsible for the general management of the district valuers within his region and liaison between the local offices and the Chief Valuer's Office in London. Over the years the number of offices has reduced as the rating and other functions of the VO were combined into so- called "integrated" offices and the network was slimmed down as the number of local offices were closed and by 1996 there were only 93.
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1989 1 September, equalisation status is set back for a period of three years, with the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 0527/0/1989. September 6, with the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 0560/0/1989, the status of the Faculty of Philosophy was increased to be recognised for a period of 4 years. 1990 23 November, the NTA-58 Project was inaugurated, a collaborative project between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of Belgium, with the implementation of three parties (University of Indonesia - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Parahyangan Catholic University) to hold Postgraduate education in the fields of Administrative Science and Economic Development Studies. 1993 The opening of two new faculties began in the 1993/1994 academic year, namely the Faculty of Industrial Technology with two departments (Industrial Engineering and Chemical Engineering) and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences with two majors (Mathematics and Physics). The registered status for the two new faculties was obtained through a Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 34 / D / O / 1993 dated 20 April 1993.
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Heffer was politically left-wing in his teenage years, but had abandoned his views by the time he went to university, although he admits he still has a lingering respect and affection for several past figures of the left, such as Michael Foot and Tony Benn. When Benn's wife, Caroline, died in November 2000, Heffer wrote a tribute to Benn in the Daily Mail.The Daily Mail – 24 November 2000 He now is very critical of both the European Union and New Labour. Heffer is a social and constitutional conservative. He supported the retention of Section 28, opposed the equalisation of the age of consent and the liberalisation of laws on abortion and divorce."Simon Heffer on Saturday", Heffer, Simon (2006), The Daily Telegraph, 7 January 2006, London. He opposed the removal of hereditary peers from the House of Lords in 1999,The last thing the House of Lords needs is a mass of elected members, 18 January 2011 and has also written about the decline of tie-wearing among British men. In August 2002, Heffer blamed "liberal society" for the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman. On 8 February 2006, he was guest-of-honour at the Traditional Britain Group's Annual Dinner at Simpsons-in-the-Strand.
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