"The risk though will be if they aren't as dovish as expected, then we will see a big sell-off in the EM space," he added.
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"At the moment Trump's comments that he's in no rush to make a deal with China is definitely still a dominating factor for this tentative risk-off sentiment in the EM space," said Simon Harvey, FX analyst at Monex Europe.
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Letter-spacing may also refer to the insertion of fixed spaces, as was commonly done in hand-set metal type to achieve letter-spacing. This is a more mechanical method which relies less upon spacing and kerning tables resident in each typeface and accessed and used when letterspacing is applied universally. Fixed spaces include a hair space, thin space, wordspace, en-space, and em-space. An en-space is equal to half the current point size, and an em-space is the same width as the current point size.
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Both are encoded as characters in the General Punctuation code block of the Unicode character set as U+2000 EN QUAD and U+2001 EM QUAD, which are also defined to be canonically equivalent to U+2002 EN SPACE and U+2003 EM SPACE respectively.
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Some in academia consider the work to be autobiographical,Urch, Kakie. "The [EM] Space of Modernism and the Possibility of Flâneuserie: The Case of Viña Delmar and Her 'Bad Girls.'" Modernism, Gender, and Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Edited with an Introduction by Lisa Rado.
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In the early 20th century, some printers began using one and a half interword spaces (an "en quad") to separate sentences.Osgood 1919 This standard continued in use, to some extent, into the 1990s.Adams, et al. 1996. p. 24\. Adams, Faux, and Rieber say, "For most composition, the em quad is used to indent the first line of a paragraph, the en quad is used to separate sentences, and the 3-em space is placed between words." An en is half an em and a 3-em space is a third of an em, so the space between sentences would be 1.5 times the space between words.
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Early positions on typography (the "arrangement and appearance of text")American Medical Association 2007. p. 917. supported traditional spacing techniques in English publications. In 1954, Geoffrey Dowding's book, Finer Points in the Spacing and Arrangement of Type, underscored the widespread shift from a single enlarged em space to a standard word space between sentences.Dowding 1995.
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An em is a unit in the field of typography, equal to the currently specified point size. For example, one em in a 16-point typeface is 16 points. Therefore, this unit is the same for all typefaces at a given point size. The em dash (—) and em space ( ) are each one em wide.
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Multiple spaces are eliminated by default in most World Wide Web content, whether or not they are associated with sentences. There are options for preserving spacing, such as the CSS white-space property, and the tag. Twitter retains extra spaces in user input on its website. HTML also includes several other space entities which are not collapsed, such as an em space, an en space, and a non-breaking space.
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In addition to the main campus in Cha-am, the university has offices and classroom facilities at the Bangkok Academic Center on the 4th floor of the EM Space of Empire Tower in Bangkok's business district, Sathorn. Master's degree (MBA, MA International Relations and MA TESL) and undergraduate programs available at the Bangkok location include Computer Science (BS), Management (BA) with an emphasis in international business and English as a second language (ESL).
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The spacing differences between traditional typesetting and modern conventional printing standards are easily observed by comparing two different versions of the same book, from the Mabinogion: # 1894: the Badger-in-the-bag game—traditional typesetting spacing rules: a single enlarged em-space between sentences # 1999: the Badger-in-the-bag game—modern mass-production commercial printing: a single word space between sentences The 1999 example demonstrates the current convention for published work. The 1894 version demonstrates thin-spaced words but em-spaced sentences. It also demonstrates spaces around punctuation according to the rules above and equivalent to French typesetting today.
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Variations in the operational definitions of how to count the words can occur (namely, what "counts as" a word, and which words "don't count" toward the total). However, especially since the advent of widespread word processing, there is a broad consensus on these operational definitions (and hence the bottom-line integer result). The consensus is to accept the text segmentation rules generally found in most word processing software (including how word boundaries are determined, which depends on how word dividers are defined). The first trait of that definition is that a space (any of various whitespace characters, such as a "regular" word space, an em space, or a tab character) is a word divider.
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Glossary of Typesetting Terms, by Richard Eckersley, Charles Ellerston, Richard Hendel, Page 18 Compartments also held spacers, which are blocks of blank type used to separate words and fill out a line of type, such as em and en quads (quadrats, or spaces. A quadrat is a block of type whose face is lower than the printing letters so that it does not itself print.). An em space was the width of a capital letter "M" – as wide as it was high – while an en space referred to a space half the width of its height (usually the dimensions for a capital "N"). Individual letters are assembled into words and lines of text with the aid of a composing stick, and the whole assembly is tightly bound together to make up a page image called a forme, where all letter faces are exactly the same height to form a flat surface of type.
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Several characters in this block are usually not rendered with a directly visible glyph. Ten whitespace characters U+2002 through U+200B (fixed en or em, em, em, em, em, figure and punctuation space, variable thin or em and hair space, fixed zero-width space) and U+205F (math medium or em space) differ by horizontal width, while U+2000 and U+2001 (en and em quad) are effectively aliases of U+2002 and U+2003, respectively; another two, U+202F and U+2060 (ill-termed word joiner) are variants of U+2009 or U+2004 and U+200B that prohibit line-breaks. Three zero-width characters U+200B through U+200D (space, non-joiner and joiner) differ in how they affect ligation and shaping of adjacent letters. Eleven invisible characters U+200E, U+200F (left-to-right and right-to-left mark), U+202A through U+202E (embeds, pops and overrides) and U+2066 through U+2069 (isolates) control the directionality of text unless higher-level markup overrides them.
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