1000 Sentences With "early nineteenth century"

Indeed, Florida itself was Spanish until the early nineteenth century.

Our Montaigne was invented only in the early nineteenth century.

The early nineteenth century saw the rise of nationalism in German-speaking countries.

As a political term, "liberal" was rare, by contrast, in early nineteenth-century America.

"Before the early nineteenth century, the average child was the dead child," Sealander writes.

Women's suffrage—the famed "first wave" of American feminism—grew out of the abolition movement of the early nineteenth century.

The American boxing obsession began in the early nineteenth century with the 1816 fight between Jacob Hyer and Tom Beasley.

For French liberals in the early nineteenth century, it was a defense against the excesses of Jacobins and ultra-monarchists.

The movie, which Cimino also wrote, is loosely based on, and named after, two infamous early-nineteenth-century Irish bandits.

Kentridge has transplanted "Wozzeck" from the early-nineteenth-century setting of Berg's libretto to the period of the First World War.

In the early nineteenth century, trade was a common language between China and Britain despite the great differences in their national cultures.

By the early nineteenth century, these previously impossible voyages—impossible at least to Europeans—included the Northwest Passage and the interior of Africa.

I know who Albert Gallatin is and I understand the roles of early nineteenth century war hawks like Henry Clay and John Calhoun.

Flowers in particular became the great thing in the early nineteenth century, in part because of the influence of Napoleon's wife Josephine Bonaparte.

The late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century constituted Britain's Golden Age of Boxing, where the sport became both a "science" and a manly art.

This bold début novel uses magic realism to reimagine the founding of Liberia, during the early nineteenth century, through the lives of three supernaturally gifted people.

Even after the abolition of slavery in the early nineteenth century, indentured labour and racist policies continued to blight the British governance of the West Indies.

This history focusses on the role Native American and African slave and indentured laborers played in building Detroit from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.

In the early nineteenth century, statistical methods started being applied to human beings, and were used to determine, for example, the chest size of the average Scot.

The height of this effort came with an explosion of publications in the early nineteenth century written by and for flâneurs, happenstance and idle wanderers of the streets.

He defied early-nineteenth-century anti-vaxxers by introducing Edward Jenner's "kine-pock" inoculation to New York City, initially by administering it to one of his own children.

"From the early nineteenth century onwards, many Hindu music scholars in North India have denounced Muslim musicians, and blamed them for the alleged 'degeneration' of classical music," he said.

The town of around 1,000 residents was named after the Panacea Mineral Springs and "was world renowned in the early nineteenth century for its healing waters" its official website proclaims.

Indeed, he belongs to a distinguished line of European writers, from Giacomo Leopardi, in the early nineteenth century, to Samuel Beckett, in the twentieth, for whom nullity was a muse.

When white settlers arrived in the early nineteenth century, the region was a dense tangle of swamps, and thickets of wetland forest remained through the middle of the twentieth century.

Barack's characteristic pose (I beg indulgence to use the couple's first names, for convenience) rather undercut Wiley's signature manner of investing contemporary subjects with neo-early-nineteenth-century, Napoleonic grandeur.

There's a musical called Rags about Jewish immigrants to New York City's Lower East Side in the early nineteenth century in which one of the characters works in the garment industry.

Things began to change, at least at a symbolic level, once politicians in the early nineteenth century realized the potential of appealing to poor and working-class whites for their votes.

In the early nineteenth century, there were no more Egyptian dynasties, Greek city-states, or Roman emperors; but there were still Jews, practicing the same religion that their ancestors had, millennia earlier.

The early-nineteenth-century idea of solitary confinement as a means of rehabilitation had long been abandoned; now it was simply viewed as an effective way to maintain control over unruly inmates.

The Invisible Girl of the early nineteenth century was a communication illusion where participants could ask questions to a suspended balloon, and through the use of speaking trumpets, a female voice would respond.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in the early nineteenth century, had supposed that when an antelope strained its neck to reach a tree its efforts were somehow passed down and its progeny evolved into giraffes.

In the early nineteenth century, a more sophisticated version of the stocking frame became the focus of the Luddites' rage; in towns like Liversedge and Middleton, in northern England, textile mills were looted.

In this sense, all fiction — and this has been roughly true since the early nineteenth century, when the burgeoningly popular, still somewhat novel novel form, was declaimed as a woman's art — is chick lit.

Athens has repeatedly called for the permanent return of the 2,500-year-old sculptures that Britain's Lord Elgin removed from the Acropolis temple in the early nineteenth century, when Greece was under Ottoman Turkish rule.

It made cannonballs for the Duke of Wellington's armies that fought in the Napoleonic wars of the early nineteenth century and went on to produce Spitfire fighters that took to the skies in the Second World War.

In the early nineteenth century, revolutions against Madrid broke up the Viceroyalty into independent republics, and part of the pathos of "Zama" is that the political entity that Don Diego serves will hardly outlast his abbreviated life.

An especially powerful projection was that aimed at the neo-classical facade of City Hall (a structure, it should be remembered, that was built using slave labor in the early nineteenth century on stolen Native American land).

These are sensationally unwise, with the young bard (Jon Kortajarena) and the young Juliana (Alice Aufray) making gooey eyes at each other and displaying that soulful ardor available only to well-bred residents of the early nineteenth century.

Spiritualism was fermented in the heady brew that flooded the "burned-over district" of upstate New York in the early nineteenth century, when a series of religious revivals known as the Second Great Awakening would radically alter American religion.

There were two major forms of the modern language: demotic, which is the people's language, and Katharevousa, puristic Greek, which was devised by some intellectual Greeks in the early nineteenth century to yoke the modern language to its glorious past.

Across the screens, a zoo tour guide recounts the initial recording of the black and white Malayan tapir by a Chinese painter in the early nineteenth century at the request of William Farquhar, a commander of the British East India Company.

In the Napoleonic era of a fictional early-nineteenth-century England, magic, once such an integral part of everyday life in Britain, has mysteriously gone dormant — or so it seems — until very different magicians bring it back, to everyone's surprise and discomfort!

The slaves who did fight in the of English pugilism, especially in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, may have had more opportunity to change their circumstances, but the United States, even in the North, was not the ideal place for them to showcase their talents.

Amid the cultural turmoil of late-nineteenth-century Europe—driven, most powerfully, by the revolutionary operas of Richard Wagner—Johannes Brahms continued to explore the early-nineteenth-century musical genres perfected by Beethoven: the symphony, the sonata, and the concerto, forms in which the composer used craftsmanship to transform pure emotion into musical structure.

It took nearly a century for the "factory system" to dominate the British economy, helped along by egregious abuses of labor: Its growth depended both on enslaved people in the Americas, who by the early nineteenth century produced 2000 percent of the cotton that Britain's factories processed, and on the exploitation of England's rural, poor, orphan, and criminal populations, forced into the mills by the collective power of private industry and the state.

In a narrow dining room, a farmhouse table stands under an enormous gilt mirror from the early nineteenth century; when I went to the apartment, Michele told me that the mirror had been deaccessioned from the Palazzo Pamphili, which was built for Pope Innocent X. In Michele's bedroom, concealed behind panelled doors, is a large walk-in closet—the kind of place a child might explore if he or she wanted to escape Narnia, rather than clamber into it.

The Bains Vigier on an early nineteenth century color plate.

Rail transport in India began in the early nineteenth century.

Electric motors have a long history going back to the early nineteenth century.

The chalumeau was often included in music dictionaries until the early nineteenth century.

Thomas Oliver was a Tyneside poet/songwriter from the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century.

William Vesey Munnings was Chief Justice of the Bahamas in the early nineteenth-century.

R. Charlton, who lived in the early nineteenth century, was a Tyneside poet/songwriter.

Even then, these beliefs were not accepted in mainstream science until the early nineteenth century.

Thunderbolt Gibbons, was the moniker of a Whiteboys captain in Ireland in the early nineteenth century.

The first known use of needle threaders in Europe was in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century.

In the early nineteenth century the area became a well-known place for booksellers to peddle their wares.

Exhibits include an early medieval brooch and duelling pistols used by Daniel O'Connell in the early nineteenth century.

His book on thuggees, titled Thuggee: Banditry and the British in early nineteenth-century India, was published in 2007 and was short-listed for the History Today Book of the Year Award in 2008.Thuggee : banditry and the British in early nineteenth-century India. Stanford Libraries. Retrieved 13 December 2019.

In the Royal Navy of the early nineteenth century, promotion from captain to admiral was based solely on seniority.

John Morrison was a Tyneside songwriter from the early nineteenth century. His most famous song is possibly "Canny Sheels".

Lemay was named after Francois Lemai, who operated a ferry boat across the Meramec River in the early nineteenth century.

Temple shipbuilders was a family business in North East England during the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century.

He owned the Friendship estate in Demerara, British Guiana, that included over 300 slaves in the early nineteenth century,Friendship.

Thuggee: Banditry and the British in early nineteenth-century India (2007), is a book authored by Kim A. Wagner and published by Palgrave Macmillan, which was short-listed for the History Today Book of the Year Award in 2008.Thuggee : banditry and the British in early nineteenth-century India. Stanford Libraries. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

The hamlet includes the main structure of an early nineteenth century tower mill, which is now part of a house. The track to Balne Lodge and Balne Hall crosses the River Went at Topham Ferry bridge, a single-arched brick structure built in the early nineteenth century and little altered, although in poor condition.

The island was formerly home to the endemic Ascension crake, but the species has been extinct since the early nineteenth century.

Minard Lafever (1798–1854) was an American architect of churches and houses in the United States in the early nineteenth century.

Briefadel can be contrasted with Uradel, whose nobility predates issuance of letters patent. The term dates to the early nineteenth century.

Elijah Parish (November 7, 1762– October 15, 1825) was a New England clergyman of the early nineteenth century. Parish was a native of Lebanon, Connecticut. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1785. In the early nineteenth century he was a leading opponent of the Jeffersonian Republican Party and brought issues of slavery into his political discourse.

William Henry Leigh (1781-1818) was a merchant, slave trader and former colonial official in Sierra Leone during the early nineteenth century.

Abolition of slavery in Seychelles was a gradual process that became increasingly powerful in the early nineteenth century and finalized in 1835.

During the early nineteenth century, the Jamaican-born activists William Davidson and Robert Wedderburn were drawn to the politics of Thomas Spence.

Physical evidence suggests it was applied in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century, perhaps by Martha and her second husband Michael Wentworth.

The British performer Peter Katin and also the Belgian pianist Jos Van Immerseel have recorded them on a period (early- nineteenth-century) instrument.

The modern street pattern of Kennington was formed by the early nineteenth century. The village had become a semi-rural suburb with grand terraced houses. In the early nineteenth century, Kennington Common was a place of ill-repute. Various attempts were made by the Grand Surrey Canal to purchase the land to build a canal basin, but all of these failed.

There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton, Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone. The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott, whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel. He had a major worldwide influence. His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland.

Yarmouth: DeLorme, 2004, 81. . it has changed little since its construction in the early nineteenth century, and it has been designated a historic site.

Fortin, Early Nineteenth Century Attitudes Toward Women and Their Roles. Unlike many girls at that time, Hickok learned to read and write.Varnell, 5-7.

The Ramailes Yeshiva was an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva in Šnipiškės, Vilnius, Lithuania. It was established in the early nineteenth century, most likely in 1815.

R. Lewis Smith and H. Simpson. Early Nineteenth century sealers' refuges on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 74 (1987). pp.

They resided in very clear streams. It is believed that their demise began with the deforestation and land cultivation of the early nineteenth century.

T Kennedy was a Tyneside songwriter from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. His most famous song is possibly "Geordie's Letter Frae Callerforney ".

Mountmellick embroidery or Mountmellick work is a floral whitework embroidery originating in the town of Mountmellick in County Laois, Ireland, in the early nineteenth century.

Dunama Lefiami was the Mai (sultan) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, located in what is now Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad during the early nineteenth century.

The beliefs and morals of the Moravian Church led to its reputation as a prestigious parochial school in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century America.

Written by Andrew Smith, this story was submitted to the production office around 1983 and was to have been set in early Nineteenth century Japan.

Also seen was an early Nineteenth Century, New England birch tilt-top candlestand in red wash with spider legs, spade feet and forged nail construction.

Low parapets with Scotch coping. Appraisal- An elegant single arch bridge of robust construction, that is an excellent example of early nineteenth century civil engineering. The road network was considerably expanded in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and this bridge is a reminder of the materials, technology, and skills that were used for engineering projects at the time. According to the website www.glangevlin.

The lower reaches supported a thriving shipbuilding industry from the early nineteenth century onwards, and although on a smaller scale, was still doing so in 2000.

Figaro in London was an English comic paper of the early nineteenth century. Founded as a weekly on 10 December 1831, it ran until 31 December 1838.

Many of his fellow officers later became prominent geographers of the early nineteenth century, although Bartholomew died while still on the service, after falling ill with tuberculosis.

Of his later novels, the best known are The Magi (1889) and The Great Rosicrucian (1890), dealing with mystics of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

The house was seen as a prime example of local history, as it remained a living example of early nineteenth-century industry and agriculture in the township.

Yanquetruz (or Llanquetruz) (died 1838) was a famous Ranquel warrior who fought the Europeans in the pampas of what is now Argentina in the early nineteenth century.

The Stationery Office. It is not thought to have inhabited Wales at this time: in Ireland it appears to have died out in the early nineteenth century.

The body of work he produced during his travels comprises a significant documentary record of the effects of European contact and colonisation during the early nineteenth century.

In the early nineteenth century timber became the dominant staple commodity. Timber for the domestic market had long been a small industry in the colonies, but it was changes in Europe in the early nineteenth century that created a large export market. Great Britain had exhausted its supplies of quality timber by the start of the eighteenth century. The great oaks that had built the Royal Navy were all but gone.

In the early nineteenth century, Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins built his plantation on the Flint River near Roberta. This was also a trading post and the Creek Agency.

A heavily edited and abbreviated translation was made in the early nineteenth century by Vans Kennedy.Kennedy, Vans. Researches into the Nature and Affinity of Ancient and Hindu Mythology.

Udriku is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, northeastern Estonia, where the Udriku manor, a national architectural monument built in the early nineteenth century, is situated.

The movement's nativist approach to theology and church polity imparted a unique flavor to the movement, placing them distinctly on the fringe of early nineteenth-century North American spirituality.

Formerly, this style was sometimes used by an enlisted seaman when addressing the captain of a ship, though this practice has not been common since the early Nineteenth Century.

Samuel Cabot Jr. (December 21, 1784 – September 11, 1863) was an American businessman in the early-nineteenth-century China Trade, a member of the wealthy and prominent Cabot family.

Byron is a historical play by the British writer Alicia Ramsey, which was first performed in 1908. It depicts the life of the early nineteenth-century writer Lord Byron.

St Anne's House is a grade II listed building in East End Road, East Finchley, London. The house was built in the early nineteenth century with mid century additions.

Caferoglu, A. Karabağ Türkmenleri ve Şirvanlılar. 1959; p. 178 In addition, in the early nineteenth century, several Sunni families from Shirvan, particularly from Agsu,Azerbaycan'dan Amasya'ya Ziyaret . Amasyanin Sesi.

Willem Huydecoper (November 1788 – 22 February 1826) was an important Euro- African merchant, politician, and diplomat on the Dutch Gold Coast in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Belle assemblée: or, Court and fashionable magazine vol. 7 (1828), p. 291; Google Books.Desmond Gregory, Brute New World: the rediscovery of Latin America in the early nineteenth century (1992), p.

The history of trams, streetcars or trolleys began in early nineteenth century. It can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used.

447 In contrast, the Copernican view was not accepted in mainstream China until the early nineteenth century, with the Protestant missionaries such as Joseph Edkins, Alex Wylie, and John Fryer.

Jürgen Luh (born 1963) is a German historian and exhibition curator. He specialises in the history of Prussia and Germany from the Peace of Westphalia to the early nineteenth century.

The state of the region in the early nineteenth century is illustrated in Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem, Scene in Kattiawar, based on the print shown below (Travellers and Escort, 1830).

Book review: "The Idea of the English Landscape Painter: Genius as Alibi in the Early Nineteenth Century." Eighteenth-Century Studies 32, no. 3 (1999): 409-410. (accessed March 13, 2016).

William Allen (29 August 1770 - 30 September 1843) was an English scientist and philanthropist who opposed slavery and engaged in schemes of social and penal improvement in early nineteenth-century England.

William Fernandes was a Luso-African in the Pongo River area of Guinea in the early nineteenth century. In the 1750s William Settel Fernandes married the daughter of a Baga leader.

In the early nineteenth century the house belonged to Robert Middleton Biddulph from whose family the Merrys obtained the property.Richards Peter. "The History Of Northfield" page 15-16. Northfield Library 1986.

Richardson's Theatre or Richardson's Show was a travelling fairground theatre founded in 1798 by John Richardson (1766–1836), which performed in London and the surrounding area in the early nineteenth century.

The Aria di sorbetto, or "sorbet aria", was a convention of Italian opera in the early nineteenth century. It comprised a short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera.

Several websites say "This country song could date back to the time when waggons replaced packhorses". Most versions refer to the arrival of steam :"The world's turned topsy-turvy lads and things, is run by steam" A date in the early nineteenth century therefore seems much more sensible than the eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century only the rich could afford to travel long distances. Most people would rarely travel more than a few miles from their house.

1 (January 1974): 57. As Richard B. Woodward has noted, the range of her activities reflects the education and artistic training common to upper-class American women during the early nineteenth century.

Adolf Martin Schlesinger Adolf Martin Schlesinger (4 October 1769 – 11 October 1838) was a German music publisher whose firm became one of the most influential in Berlin in the early nineteenth century.

Joseph Ireland (c.1780–1841) was an English architect who designed Roman Catholic Church buildings in the early nineteenth century. He specialized in Romanesque revival architecture and worked with Joseph John Scoles.

Amable Tastu and Mme. Émile de Girardin. Duchambge chose texts that were often pastoral and expressed love sentiments typical of the early-nineteenth century. The music is strophic and usually without refrains.

The history of trams, streetcars or trolley systems, began in the early nineteenth century. It can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used.

Tin was discovered at Mount Bischoff in 1871 by James "Philosopher" Smith. The mountain was named in the early nineteenth century after the Chairman of the Van Diemen's Land Company James Bischoff.

According to Twigg, Spanish Hill was "looted" by Moorehead, and his finds likely sold to collectors. In addition, the area was heavily scoured by relic collectors approximately since the early nineteenth-century.

Liedtke 2011, p. 57 Although the temple had existed since at least the seventeenth century, its distinctive prang (spires) were built in the early nineteenth century during the reign of King Rama II.

Somerstown is an inner city residential district of Portsmouth that was first founded in the early nineteenth century on land owned by a Mr. Somers, in whose name the district is now named.

Epaphroditus Champion (April 6, 1756 – December 22, 1834) was a late- eighteenth-century and early-nineteenth-century war veteran, politician and land owner from Connecticut. He served as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

The Lawn is an early nineteenth century Greek revival building on Union Road, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, to the west of Lincoln Cathedral. The complex features a walled garden and children's play area.

Exceptions were the Santo Domingo mint, which did strike maravedíes in the sixteenth century and the Caracas mint which issued fraction of real copper coins in the early nineteenth century to facilitate commerce.

The museum is filled with images of Brighton in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century when the fishing industry was based in both town and beach. Following conflicts with fashionable Brighton in the early nineteenth century the fishery was confined to the beach. The museum illustrates the evolution of the beach and arches and also the types of fishing boat worked off Brighton beach. A scale model of the classic Brighton hog-boat is displayed at the back of the museum.

Cattai is also home to a historic rural public primary school that was founded in 1886. The suburb was originally home to the Darug Indigenous Australians before being settled in the early nineteenth century.

St Bridget's was substantially altered in the seventeenth century, but by the early nineteenth century, had become unsafe. The roof was lost in 1830, and a new church was built half a mile inland.

Captain Edmund Moubray Lyons (27 October 1819 – 23 June 1855) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served during the early nineteenth century, and was mortally wounded while commanding in the Crimean War.

Aljamiado scrolls were circulated amongst the Moriscos. Historians came to know about Aljamiado literature only in the early nineteenth century. Some of the Aljamiado scrolls are kept in the Spanish National Library in Madrid.

The community was settled in the early nineteenth century and the Stillwater Baptist Church, from which the name was taken, was organized in 1837. The Baptist post office opened in 1917 and closed in 1974.

Compiled by Alexey Postnikov. Provisional draft, September 1994, Newberry Library. Chicago, 1994. The Emergence of the Russian Topographical Service and Cartography as seen through Manuals and Instructions: the Eighteenth – early Nineteenth Century (up to 1812).

Since the arrival of Swiss missionaries from Basel in the early nineteenth century, Christian Akan scholars have tended to 'Akanize' the Roman calendar rather than observe, analyse and explain the Akan calendar based on Adaduanan.

The Caledonian Canal connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William in Scotland. The canal was constructed in the early nineteenth century by Scottish engineer Thomas Telford.

Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft (born 29 October 1791, United States, died 16 May 1828, Cuba) was a North American botanist, naturalist, botanical illustrator, and women's rights advocate, active in colonial Cuba in the early nineteenth century.

Merrivlle House and environs have state significance because of the rarity of the early-mid nineteenth century fabric found there. The place and its landscape contribute to documenting an evolving Australian identity and rural life-style. Both the early nineteenth century kitchen/dairy and the mid-nineteenth century Merriville House are largely intact, although modified, and both are rare and very good examples of Colonial Georgian and Victorian Georgian architecture. The garden and drive, too, are likely to reflect early nineteenth century planning and boundaries.

Kriz's first book was The idea of the English landscape painter: Genius as alibi in the early nineteenth century. Writing in Eighteenth-Century Studies, Ann Bermingham described the book as "an illuminating analysis of the place that landscape painting and landscape painters held within the evolving nationalistic discourse of aesthetics in the early nineteenth century" which explained how, "spurred by nationalist sentiments provoked by the Napoleonic wars, the English configuration of artistic "genius" was formulated in opposition to the French school of painting."Ann Bermingham.

Trentham Mausoleum, Stone Road, Trentham, built 1807-8 to a design by Tatham. Charles Heathcote Tatham (8 February 1772 in Westminster, London – 10 April 1842 in London), was an English architect of the early nineteenth century.

The results of a 2001 archeological assessment indicate that if any archaeological deposits relating to the early nineteenth century use of the site survive, then they are likely to be of high historical and archaeological significance.

The Dark Days Club is a 2016 historical fiction novel by Alison Goodman. The book is first of the Lady Helen series. The story is set in early nineteenth century London. The series is a Regency romance.

Ramrod Key is an island in the lower Florida Keys. Originally named Roberts Island, Ramrod Key was renamed for a ship named Ramrod, which was wrecked on a reef south of there in the early nineteenth century.

Booker (1940). Historical Notes: Jamaica, Vermont. Brattleboro, Vermont: E.L. Hildreth & Co., Inc. Jamaica, Vermont (1895) by Theodore Robinson Like many Vermont communities, the town's economy prospered with the introduction of Merino sheep in the early nineteenth century.

Located on top of a hill, this chapel was built in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. The chapel was built in a plain architectural style, and is made from granite. Its exterior is extremely simple.

Sheremetev's love for theatre was exhibited by his long-term relationship with Kovalyova as well as the high professional quality of his theatre. By the early nineteenth century, there 170 serf theatres varying greatly in size and quality.

Diego Aráoz Valderrama (1771–1840) was an Argentine soldier who was governor of Tucumán Province several times in the early nineteenth century during a time of political chaos and internecine struggle among the ruling elite of the province.

In these stories, Silverberg ironically reexamined traditional themes of science fiction.Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day. Ed. E. F. Bleiler. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982. 505-511.

Faidherbe had established permanent relations with one Kunta fragment in the early nineteenth century. Faidherbe attracted a number of Kunta clerics and merchants, he signed a treaty of peace and commerce with one of their representatives from Timbuktu.

Royal Veteran Battalions were British Army units of the early nineteenth century that were made up of men no longer fit for front-line service. They had been previously termed "invalid battalions" but this was deemed derogatory and changed.

Ernest Anthony Smith (25 December 1924 - 27 November 1998) was an English historian who specialised in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century British political history.Stephen Taylor, 'Obituary: E. A. Smith', The Independent (21 January 1999), retrieved 12 January 2020.

Elliot Coues, Vol. 2, (1895) Harper, New York Rocheport became a permanent settlement in the early nineteenth century. Rocheport is a French name meaning "rocky port". The Moses U. Payne House is a historic structured located just outside Rocheport.

Stauber, Rose. "Delaware County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 25, 2015. Few Native Americans lived in the area until the early nineteenth century, when the federal government began relocating tribes from the Eastern United States.

The area was frequented by early nineteenth century English and American sealers operating from nearby Blythe Bay. British mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1991 and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009. Named after the Bulgarian scholar Presbyter Cosmas (10th century AD).

A number of other tribes and clans were allied to the Tiyaha: The Shallaliyin (1,000); The Bani 'Uqba living around Beersheba; The Qatatiwa also arriving in the Negev in the early nineteenth century; The Qalazin (200) and the Badinat (350).

Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1991: 424. Fern was straightforward when she wrote of subjects such as men's economic and social victimization of women.Reuben, Paul P. "Early Nineteenth Century: Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) ". PAL: Perspective in American Literature.

James Grant (1772 – 11 November 1833) was a Scottish born British Royal Navy officer and navigator in the early nineteenth century. He served in Australia in 1800-1801 and was the first to map parts of the south coast of Australia.

The house is surrounded by gardens that date from at least the early nineteenth century. There are remains of a nineteenth- century Japanese garden and a walled kitchen garden. An icehouse was installed under the lawn, this has been filled in.

Dipogon lignosus has been widely cultivated outside of South Africa from as far back as the early nineteenth century. Areas where it has been used in horticulture include Europe, Madeira, Azores, Sri Lanka, Australia, California and temperate regions of South America.

The earliest mention of the soufflé is attributed to French master cook Vincent La Chapelle, in the early eighteenth century. The development and popularization of the soufflé is usually traced to French chef Marie-Antoine Carême in the early nineteenth century.

Considering his brief life, Hauff was an extraordinarily prolific writer. The freshness and originality of his talent, his inventiveness, and his genial humour have won him a high place among the southern German prose writers of the early nineteenth century.

West Kingsdown Windmill is a Grade II listed smock mill in West Kingsdown, Kent, England, that was built in the early nineteenth century at Farningham and moved to West Kingsdown in 1880. It is the survivor of a pair of windmills.

Worman cites Waterland, Works, viii, p 81. In the early nineteenth century, the German theologian Julius Wegscheider defined pantheism as the belief that God and the world established by God are one and the same.Worman cites Wegscheider, Inst 57, p 250.

From 1918 to 1944 (except for the Soviet period, from 1940 to 1941) the parish church belonged to the Romanian Orthodox Church. Since 1948 the cathedral was placed under state protection as a monument of architecture of the early nineteenth century.

Trecynon is a village near Aberdare situated in the Cynon Valley, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It dates from the early nineteenth century and its developed as a result of the opening of the Aberdare Ironworks at Llwydcoed in 1800.

Richardson, 126. Mary Shelley also refused to embrace the visual sensationalism of early nineteenth-century theatre, focusing instead on "scenes of heightened emotion".Pascoe, 185–86. Scholars have disputed whether or not Mary Shelley intended her play to be staged.

However, in early nineteenth century, the success of the Funlani jihad made Yauri a tributary state of Gwandu.Salamone, Frank A., Gods and goods in Africa: persistence and change in ethnic and religious identity in Yauri Emirate, North-Western State, Nigeria.

The title page Codice Chimalpopoca is accompanied by the date 1849 and a note explaining that the name was given it by Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, in honor of a Mexican scholar of the early nineteenth century, Faustino Galicia Chimalpopoca.

In Medieval Europe, early forms of mime such as mummer plays and later dumbshows evolved. In early nineteenth- century Paris, Jean-Gaspard Deburau solidified the many attributes that have come to be known in modern times—the silent figure in whiteface.

Reed Mill is a tower mill in Kingston, Kent, England that was built in the early nineteenth century and worked until 1915, after which the mill was derelict. In 2010–11 the mill was converted and extended to form residential accommodation.

The Legal Adviser to the Home Office is a senior government lawyer and the chief legal adviser to the Home Office. The office was formally established in 1933, but older offices with similar functions date back to the early nineteenth century.

Antonio López de Santa Anna, who dominated Mexico in the first half of the nineteenth century. Since Spanish American independence in the early nineteenth century, the region has been noted for its number of caudillos and the duration of their rule. The early nineteenth century is sometimes called "The Age of Caudillos," with Juan Manuel de Rosas, dictator of Argentina,Lynch, John (1981) Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1829–1852. and his contemporary in Mexico, Antonio López de Santa Anna,Fowler, Will (2007) Santa Anna of Mexico, esp. Part 2, "The Making of a Caudillo".

The wooden figure was made on the island of Rarotonga in the late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. After Captain James Cook's first sighting of the archipelago in 1773, Europeans began to visit the Cook Islands in the early nineteenth century as part of the colonisation of territories in the Pacific. This went hand-in-hand with mass conversion of the population to Christianity. At that time British missionaries were very active in the area and this idol was probably given up to the London Missionary Society after 1827, when they set up a mission on Rarotonga.

Although the oldest surviving buildings date back to the early nineteenth century, "many of the riverside sites retain an integrity which can be traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries." The opening of the West India Docks (in 1802) and the City Canal (in 1805) cut off Coldharbour from the rest of the riverside road, with traffic being diverted to a newly built Bridge Road (later New Road, now Preston's Road) in 1817. Evidence of land reclamation, probably related to the digging of the docks and canals in the early nineteenth century, was identified by an archaeological survey.No author. 1995.

Topham is a rural hamlet on the River Went, alongside a dismantled railway. Also, because of its situation on the river; it is liable to flooding. It is located at approximately , at an elevation of around 5 metres above sea level. The main structure of an early nineteenth century tower mill, which is now part of a house forms part of the hamlet, and the track to Balne Lodge and Balne Hall crosses the River Went at Topham Ferry bridge, a single-arched brick structure built in the early nineteenth century and little altered, although in poor condition.

The city is known for its well-preserved French colonial architecture that dates back from the early nineteenth century and has little changed. The town has been tentatively accepted as a World Heritage site. It sustained damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

William Henry Leigh died in 1818 at the Isles de Los at the age of 37 years old. Leigh left a will in which he provided for his several children which was disputed in the English courts in the early nineteenth century.

White Mughals is a 2002 history book by William Dalrymple. It is Dalrymple's fifth major book, and tells the true story of a love affair that took place in early nineteenth century Hyderabad between James Achilles Kirkpatrick and Khair-un-Nissa Begum.

As Arabic numerals and the zero came into use, "pen reckoning" gradually displaced "counter casting" as the common accounting method. Jetons for calculation were commonly used in Europe from about 1200 to 1700, and remained in occasional use into the early nineteenth century.

In the late-eighteenth century, several shipyards operated at Saltcoats, producing some sixty to seventy ships. The leading shipbuilder was William Ritchie, but in 1790 he moved his business to Belfast. By the early-nineteenth century, the town had stopped producing ships.

John Smith Barry, younger son of The 4th Earl of Barrymore.Cokayne, Vol. XII, p. 16 The family was noted for eccentricity and in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century many of its members had nicknames such as Hellgate, Dalegate, Cripplegate, Newgate and Billingsgate.

The film is set at the Russian imperial post at Fort Ross in California in the early Nineteenth Century. A visiting American army officer becomes romantically involved with an aristocratic woman whose criminal husband is being held as a prisoner at the Fort.

The castle was rebuilt in the early nineteenth century, but fell under the bombings of the First World War in 1917. The village had a large Jewish community at the end of the nineteenth century and bore the nickname of Little Switzerland.

It is considered an historically significant example of public architecture in Rhinecliff. In the early nineteenth century, it served as a center for education and culture within the area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 9, 1987.

Robert Bresson used Part I as the basis for his last film, L'Argent (1983), transposing the action from early nineteenth century tsarist Russia to capitalistic, present-day France.Moravia, A. (1998). L'Argent. In J. Quandt (Ed.), Robert Bresson. Toronto: Cinematheque Ontario Monographs, p.

His treatise on Physics (Fizika) and New Testament translation were written in the Slavoserbian vernacular and not the Serbo-Slavonic language of the chancellery and private correspondences of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Stojković was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir.

Dürer has never fallen from critical favour, and there have been significant revivals of interest in his works in Germany in the Dürer Renaissance of about 1570 to 1630, in the early nineteenth century, and in German nationalism from 1870 to 1945.

Until the early nineteenth century, the town was called Arcis-le-Poussart or simply Pousard. The name Arcis comes from the Latin word "arx", meaning "fortified place"; and the nickname Ponsart refers to a former local knight from Arcy, Ponsard. Église Notre-Dame.

One of his sons, Gershom, married in 1796 (Catherine Barbara Graves). They had three sons before he died in 1801 at Chester. Two of his sons, David (born 1797) and Nathan (born 1798) settled in Tancook Island during the early nineteenth century.

The Cross St. Apollonia. This cross, made of wrought iron, dates from the early nineteenth century. It appears on the surveys of 1844 but its origin is unknown. It is located at the entrance of the village on the side towards Le Mans ().

1785 that affected the Karamajong. However, for communities then resident in what is present-day Kenya many disaster narratives relate the start with the Aoyate, an acute meteorological drought that affected much of East and Southern Africa in the early nineteenth century.

Ships in service with the Hellenic Navy currently include frigates of the Hydra and Elli classes. In the late twentieth century the navy also used Knox- class frigates. Going back to the early nineteenth century, sailing ships such as the Hellas were in service.

Many surviving bridges in mid-Cork are originally constructed of stone, arched in shape, and late eighteenth or early nineteenth century in date, and often contain semi-circular arches and pointed breakwaters. Aghabullogue Bridge, however, would appear to be of a later construction date.

Swim Coots Mill was built in the early nineteenth century. It was marked on the 1838 Ordnance Survey map. The mill was working until at least the 1930s but was derelict by 1978. The mill has since been conserved, with the tower roofed over.

William Brown (birth name unknown) was a Black woman who joined the Royal Navy under a man's name in the early nineteenth century. It is undisputed that she was a sailor of HMS Queen Charlotte, but historians have reached varying conclusions about her service record.

He was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in an elaborately carved tomb-chest, which was mostly destroyed in the early nineteenth century. Fragments of it have been identified by Zehava Jacoby in the possession of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

The reconstruction of the plot, including the doubt, is from Pearson. Cf. the Suda, under "Sophocles"; Walter Burkert, Greek Religion, 1985:281 "the Kabeiroi and Samothrace". One traditional etymology is from kēdeuein "to take charge, to care for", and early nineteenth century scholars agreed.

In the early nineteenth century the double beat valve was known as the Cornish Valve, a synonym that persisted until the early 20th century. The Cornish valve gear, as used on early beam engines, was invented by Murdock, an assistant of James Watt, in 1820.

The congregation had its roots in Friar Lane Baptist Church, which it outgrew by the early nineteenth century. It commissioned a new building on George Street which opened in 1815. It was built to designs by the architect Edward Staveley.The Buildings of England: Nottinghamshire.

Tighe was a first- generation American, born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Frederick Wells Williams, A History of the Class of Seventy-Nine, Yale College, pg. 437 (1906). His grandfather, an Episcopalian missionary, had emigrated there from Northern Ireland in the early nineteenth century.

Bassedewitz, also called Passadewitz, Bassarowitz or Passarowitz, is a 4-player game first recorded in the early nineteenth century and still played as a family game in parts of German-speaking Europe. It is a member of the trick avoidance group of playing cards.

Many surviving bridges in mid-Cork are originally constructed of stone, arched in shape, and late eighteenth or early nineteenth century in date. Typical features include semi-circular arches and pointed breakwaters. Earlier bridges are often narrower, although some were widened at a later stage.

The pipe organ was installed in the early nineteenth century and remains the grandest in Calcutta. It was manufactured by William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd. in England. This company was famous for manufacturing of pipe organs for movie theaters in the silent era.

The Riddle–Friend House is a historic residence in Wyoming, Ohio. Constructed in the early nineteenth century, it has been home to some of the area's earliest residents, and it has been named a historic site as a rare survivor of the city's earliest years.

The 2nd Regiment of Light Dragoons was a unit of the U.S. Army in the early nineteenth century. It was first activated in 1812. The regiment was consolidated with the 1st Regiment of Light Dragoons on May 12, 1814, forming the Regiment of Light Dragoons.

Bloomfield was born August 8, 1906 Westmount, Quebec near Montreal, a city in which his Jewish family had roots since the early nineteenth century. He had a brother, Bernard, and three sisters, Dorothy, Florence, and Myrtle. On February 16, 1969, he married Justine Adelaide Stern.

In Egypt it was abolished by Muhammad Ali as part of his centralization efforts in the early nineteenth century. The holder of an Iltizam was a mültezim (ملتزم). Iltizam was typically an annual agreement; malikâne, developed as a replacement for Iltizam, was for life.

Ballymena Academy (founded 1828) is a mixed gender grammar school located in the market town of Ballymena in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It was founded in the early nineteenth century as a small provincial school for children in the town and surrounding agricultural hinterland.

The square was reformed again in the early nineteenth century; withdraw the steps of the palace, now ended in the side streets of the building, and enabled again the passage of cars by the then called Calle de las 7 Cruces (now Garcia Moreno).

Stoffel Muller (1776 – 3 August 1833) was a Dutchman who led a small Protestant sect in the early nineteenth century. Known as the Zwijndrechtse nieuwlichters, the sect was later said to have had a communist ideology; it resisted civil government and held property commonly.

John O'C. Ross, William Stewart, Sealing Captain, Trader and Speculator, Aranda (A.C.T), Roebuck Society, 1987, p.100; Anne-Marie Whitaker, “From Norfolk Island to Foveaux Strait: Joseph Foveaux’s Role in the Expansion of Whaling and Sealing in Early Nineteenth Century Australasia”, The Great Circle, vol.

Pablo José Calvillo (1763 – April 6, 1816) served as a parish priest in northern Nueva Galicia in the early nineteenth century, and led a number of the indigenous inhabitants of the Colotlán region in open rebellion against the Spanish during the Mexican War of Independence.

Arch ring of regular ashlar voussoirs, with rubble-stone spandrels. Rubble-stone parallel wing walls and parapets of even length. Low parapets with Scotch coping. Appraisal- An elegant single arch bridge of robust construction, that is an excellent example of early nineteenth century civil engineering.

A History of Early Catholic Education in Wentworth - St Ignatius School 1911/ 1989 The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. St Ignatius School is of particular education value in allowing school students experience the type of materials used in education in the early nineteenth century. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The properties rare in the unique design of the small schoolhouse and the development of a unique social and historical background beginning in the early nineteenth century.

The Pro-Cathedral owes its origins to the Penal Laws which restricted Catholicism (and other non-Church of Ireland faiths) until the early nineteenth century. For centuries, Roman Catholics could not celebrate Mass or the sacraments in public and were subject to severe penalties (hence the word penal). While these laws ebbed and flowed in terms of the severity with which they were applied, Catholic churches if they were built at all, were built down narrow, difficult to find roadways. By the early nineteenth century, many of the Penal Laws had either been repealed or were no longer enforced; an unsuccessful attempt had already been made to grant Catholic Emancipation.

The church is medieval in origin, of Old Red Sandstone. The tower may be "no earlier than the early nineteenth century." The church was lightly restored in the nineteenth century including work by John Pollard Seddon. The interior has a fifteenth-century barrel roof and contemporary fittings.

The house has walls of sandstone brick and stone foundations, later standstone, on verandah paving. The site of the mid- nineteenth century Merriville House is almost certainly the site of the early nineteenth century Bradley House. One intact building from this phase stands behind the present house.

See Warren Anderson and David DeLaura. Other major figures include Swinburne, Pater, Wilde, and Symonds.See especially Linda Dowling. In the early nineteenth century, during the Greek War of Independence, many foreign parties--including prominent Englishmen such as Lord Byron--offered zealous support for the Greek cause.

Aristotle's Masterpiece was a sex manual which published first in 1684 and became very popular in England. It was still being sold in the early twentieth century and was probably the most widely reprinted book on a medical subject in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Discovery of the personal effects of Françoise Jamin, founder in the early nineteenth century of the Institute of the Daughters of Saint-Cœur de Marie, told the story of Providence. The chancel and chapel are a unique in the region, with murals of the nineteenth century.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—ratified on December 6, 1865—abolished slavery in the United States. The northern states had outlawed slavery in their territory in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century, though their industrial economies relied on raw materials produced by slaves.

There were Christian Methodist missionaries in this area from the early nineteenth century. In 1855 Shenge was chosen as the site for a mission station by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. This was founded by Daniel Kumler Flickinger, and subsequently developed by Joseph Gomer.

Means (2006), pp. 1–3Gopnik (2005) More specifically, it was a model for the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century novels called the contes philosophiques. This genre, of which Voltaire was one of the founders, included previous works of his such as Zadig and Micromegas.McGhee (1943), pp.

Artwork published in the 1870s in a historical Parisian fashion magazine. Schematic depiction of Garnerin's first parachute used in the Parc Monceau descent of 22 October 1797. Illustration dates from the early nineteenth century. Garnerin releases the balloon and descends with the help of a parachute, 1797.

Espostoa nana These candle-like cacti are covered with spines and white hair. Only the older specimens can divide. In adulthood, a cephalium sometimes appears, similar to the Mexican genus Cephalocereus. They were discovered by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland in the early nineteenth century.

Interest in Eckhart's works was revived in the early nineteenth century, especially by German Romantics and Idealist philosophers.McGinn, Eckhart, p.1. Franz Pfeiffer's publication in 1857 of Eckhart's German sermons and treatises added greatly to this interest.This was in the second volume of his Deutsche Mystiker (Stuttgart).

Lucy Newlyn (born 1956) is a poet and academic. She is Emeritus Fellow in English at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, having retired as professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Oxford in 2016. Newlyn is a specialist in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century poetry.

William Alexander Madocks was the founder of the planned settlement of Tremadog in the early nineteenth century. Peniel Chapel was one of the first buildings to be constructed for the settlement. Construction was started in 1808–09. It was completed enough to open on 18 February 1810.

Sayyid Insha Allah Khan Insha' (), (c. 1756-1817) was an Urdu poet in the courts of Lucknow and Delhi in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. A multi-talented polyglot, he was the author of the first grammar of the Urdu language, Darya-e-Latafat.

240x240px Maria Ann Chalon (2 September 1797 – 8 April 1877) was a British painter of miniatures. She was Portrait Paintress to his Royal Highness, the Duke of York, and is considered one of the most talented and successful female British miniaturists of the early nineteenth century.

The developing Bahnhofsviertel, 1893. The unbuilt area shows the grounds of the western stations of five years previously. The new street network is already finished. The area between the Frankfurt city wall and field of the gallows had hardly been constructed by the early nineteenth century.

It later became the seat of the Anglican bishop and was reconsecrated as the Cathedral Church of St. James in 1830. The church remained under the direction of John Strachan for most of the early nineteenth century. He was buried on the cathedral grounds in 1867.

From the early nineteenth century many of the species in this group of plants were put into a very broadly defined family, Liliaceae sensu lato or s.l. (lily family). These classification systems are still found in many books and other sources. Within the monocots the Liliaceae s.l.

In terms of agriculture, the Landes is known for its large pine forest which is the raw material for a timber and resin industries in the region. The forest was planted in the early nineteenth century to prevent erosion of the region's sandy soil by the sea.

Sir Charles Cunningham KCH (1755 – 11 March 1834) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He saw action during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, eventually rising to the rank of Rear-Admiral.

Priory Press Limited. p. 183 "Many other experienced scientists insist that Priore, who has no medical qualifications, is hoodwinking the medical profession as surely as did Elisha Perkins with his Metallic Tractors in the early nineteenth century."Brabyn, Howard. (1971). An a Priori Case for Investigation.

Ross, William Stewart, Sealing Captain, Trader and Speculator, Aranda (A.C.T), Roebuck Society, 1987, pp.97–117; Anne-Marie Whitaker, "From Norfolk Island to Foveaux Strait: Joseph Foveaux’s Role in the Expansion of Whaling and Sealing in Early Nineteenth Century Australasia", The Great Circle, vol.26, no.

The roots and tops of "swedes" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for livestock. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a hopper), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field.

Although several synagogues and churches were built in the Egyptian Revival style in the early nineteenth century, only a few are known to survive, they include the Downtown Presbyterian Church, Nashville, the First Presbyterian Church, New York, the Old Synagogue at Canterbury, England and the Launceston Synagogue.

John Ernest Cookson is an historian specialising in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century British history. He was Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Canterbury. He was appointed to Canterbury in 1968 and retired in January 2007.Profile at The University of Canterbury website.

The National Library of Chile () is the national library of Chile. It is located on the Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins in Santiago, in a building completed in 1925, though its history reaches to the early nineteenth century before it was relocated to its current home.

Sir William MacMahon, 1st Baronet (1776–1837) was an Irish judge of the early nineteenth century. He was a member of a Limerick family which became politically prominent through their personal influence with the Prince Regent. He was the first of the McMahon Baronets of Dublin.

In his Shanties from the Seven Seas Hugill says that this was originally a shore ballad sung by street singers in Ireland in the early nineteenth century. Later it became a popular music hall number.Mudcat The Scottish Student's Song Book gives the author as "J. B. Geoghegan".

Ripple Windmill is a Grade II listed smock mill in Ringwould, Kent, England, that was built in Drellingore and moved to Ringwould in the early nineteenth century. Having been stripped of machinery and used as a television mast, it is now under restoration as a working windmill.

By the early nineteenth century, the policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside.W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.

Louis- Sébastien Mercier, Tableau de Paris (Amsterdam, 1782), vol. 1, p. 74f. He described a wide variety of crowds in the city of Paris. An early nineteenth- century observer of the city (V-J Etienne de Jouy) described badauderie as the one ineffable trait of the Parisian character.

Unusually, the floor is painted with the family arms and crest. The date of the floor is not known for certain but the early nineteenth century has been suggested.Marsden, 16. One of the three large canvasses by Melchior d'Hondecoeter in the room named after him at Belton House.

Sometimes they took the form of a flat disk. The naming of each of these items was regionally specific and the specific meaning of word changed over time. Clothes washing in the early nineteenth century rarely used soap, "bucking" with lye instead. It was a communal event, and infrequent.

Today, the hamlet of Fort Hunter is the location of the Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site. It includes the remains of the Schoharie Crossing, a navigable aqueduct over the creek, and part of a lock from the early nineteenth-century development of the Erie Canal along the Mohawk River.

4, No. 3 (Autumn 2003), pp. 65–79, at p. 68. Published by: British Art Journal A bust of Lee by Nollekens had already appeared in The Rockingham Mausoleum.N. B. Penny, The Whig Cult of Fox in Early Nineteenth-Century Sculpture, Past & Present No. 70 (February 1976), pp.

Cacopsylla pyricola, commonly known as the pear sucker, is a true bug in the family Psyllidae and is a pest of pear trees (Pyrus). It originated in Europe, was introduced to the United States in the early nineteenth century and spread across the country in the next century.

The western wing was added during the mid eighteenth century. The eastern wings which form the rest of the present building were added in the early nineteenth century. The house is constructed of hammer-dressed sandstone, with a slate roof. There are four storeys including the attic and basement.

Butler, Octavia E. "An Interview with Octavia E. Butler." Charles H. Rowell. Callaloo 20.1 (1997): 47–66. .Pfeiffer, John R. "Butler, Octavia Estelle (b. 1947)." in Richard Bleiler (ed.), Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day, 2nd edn.

Which shows that people continually lived and died on the property for thousands of years. Some of these Native American groups made contact with the first European explorers and settlers to conduct trade. By the early- nineteenth century, native peoples had all but disappeared from what is now Kentucky.

He is rumoured to have written another novel, Emir Umar's Slave Girl set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of Emir Umar, khan of Kokand, and his son, Matali. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the NKVD after Qodiriy's arrest.

Painecura 2012, pp. 27–28. Mapuche silver finery was also subject to changes in fashion albeit designs associated with philosophical and spiritual concepts have not undergone major changes. In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century Mapuche silversmithing activity and artistic diversity reached it climax.Painecura 2012, p. 30.

The Massina Empire (Var.: Maasina or Macina: also: Dina of Massina, Sise Jihad state, and Caliphate of Hamdullahi) was an early nineteenth-century Fulbe Jihad state centered in the Inner Niger Delta area of what is now the Mopti and Ségou Regions of Mali. Its capital was at Hamdullahi.

The Moulin de Grouville or Moulin de Beauvoir is an early nineteenth century tower mill of five storeys. During World War Two it was converted into an artillery observation tower by the Germans. It is now a house conversion and is listed on the Jersey Register of Historic Buildings.

The first settlers in the region were cedar cutters in the early nineteenth century, followed by graziers in 1812. Charles Throsby established a stockman's hut in the area in 1815. The first land grants were made in 1816. In 1830, a military barracks was constructed near the harbour.

As expressed in the title of the painting, J.M.W. Turner found interest in Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe's book, Theory of Colours also known as Zur Farbenlehre, published in 1810.Finley, Gerald. The Deluge Pictures: Reflections on Goethe, J.M.W. Turner and Early Nineteenth-Century Science. Deutscher Kunstrerlag GmbH Munchen Berlin.

Depositions mentioning some of these activities were not published and were returned to the participants (this notably happened to Paul Revere).Fischer, pp. 327-328 Paintings portrayed the Lexington fight as an unjustified slaughter. The issue of which side was to blame grew during the early nineteenth century.

The wing section has a large picture window that was originally a door, and a smaller window. The foundation of the upright has a front section made of small, rounded cobbles laid in courses, exemplifying early nineteenth- century cobblestone construction most commonly seen in central and western New York.

Poetism was a significant direction in avant-garde Czech literature during the 1920s, albeit the term is sometimes used generally to refer to Czech avant-garde art of that period, except its practice in Pictorial Poems which were invented by approximately fifteen over sixty members of Devětsil, it did not become a true movement in visual art. The arouse of Czech poetism was in a special historical setting. In the early nineteenth century after almost two centuries when either the written language or oral language was mostly Latin and German, the Czechs finally regained their written language in the early nineteenth century. The new grammar was not based on spoken language of the day.

Ross, William Stewart, Sealing Captain, Trader and Speculator, Aranda (A.C.T), Roebuck Society, 1987, pp.97-117; Anne-Marie Whitaker, “From Norfolk Island to Foveaux Strait: Joseph Foveaux’s Role in the Expansion of Whaling and Sealing in Early Nineteenth Century Australasia”, The Great Circle, vol.26, no.1, 2004, pp.51-59.

Originally published by Penguin, London, 1979. St Johnston Presbyterian Church, located on the Derry Road, is the other main structure within the village. Parts of this church, or kirk, may date back to around 1724. However, most of the present neo-Gothic structure was built in the early nineteenth century.

Literary nonsense, as opposed to the folk forms of nonsense that have always existed in written history, was only first written for children in the early nineteenth century. It was popularized by Edward Lear and then later by Lewis Carroll. Today literary nonsense enjoys a shared audience of adults and children.

Coleridge's letters to Tulk are a source for his developed thoughts on a system of nature.Trevor H. Levere, Poetry Realized in Nature: Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Early Nineteenth-Century Science (2002), p. 98; Google Books. In 1818 Tulk involved Coleridge in his political agitation, leading up to the Cotton Mills, etc.

Historic ceramics from the early nineteenth century through the recent past include fine earthenwares and coarse earthenwares or crockery. Prehistoric use of the site started when Early Archaic hunter-gatherers used the site for short periods and during limited seasons. This continued into the Early Woodland period (ca. 800 BC).

Also locally significant under Criterion C for its important collection of domestic and commercial architecture, the district boasts examples of the Federal (and early nineteenth century Virginia vernacular), early twentieth century commercial, Art Deco, Colonial Revival, and modern styles. The district displays substantial integrity of location, material, association, design, and workmanship.

The concept has been applied to those who would find precursors of Darwin in the early nineteenth century,"I do not wish to make overly much of this point, as "precursoritis" is the bane of historiography." Stephen Jay Gould, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Pr., 2002), p. 138.

Baggot Street () is a street in Dublin, Ireland. It is named after Baggotrath, the manor granted to Robert Bagod in the 13th century. He built Baggotrath Castle, which was partly destroyed during the Battle of Rathmines and demolished in the early nineteenth century. The street was called Baggot Street in 1773.

Burns, 314-319 By this time the powerful Osage of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century were a beleaguered people, but in one sense they had the last laugh. They sold their old lands for a good price and huge pools of petroleum were found on their new lands in Oklahoma.

Charles Etienne Boniface (2 February 1787 – 10 December 1853) was an early nineteenth century music teacher, playwright, journalist and polyglot who was born in France, but who spent his adult life in Southern Africa. His writings and compositions are amongst the earliest publications of what was then the Cape Colony.

European settlers, initially the Bell family, lived on the islands from the early nineteenth century, growing food for the whalers, and remained until 1937. One of the Bell daughters, Bessie Dyke, recounted the family's experience to writer Elsie K. Morton who published their story in 1957 as, Crusoes of Sunday Island.

Sometime in the early nineteenth century, a storm washed away one of the legs leaving it much as it is today, although erosion continues. By 1992 a 40-metre (130 ft) crack had appeared in the top of the south face, leaving a large overhanging section that will eventually collapse.

In 1821, Buel, then 43, surprised many of his acquaintances by announcing that he was leaving his profitable printing business to pursue his long-standing interest in the cause of agricultural reform.Carman, Harry J. "Jesse Buel, Early Nineteenth-Century Agricultural Reformer." Agricultural History, Vol. 17, No. 1 (January 1943), p. 2.

His 1995 book, Golden Age of Danish Art reviews early nineteenth-century art. He was Chairman of the New Carlsberg Foundation Board until the end of 2013. He is also an adjunct professor of art history at the Aarhus University. He was awarded the Ingenio et Arti gold medal in 2013.

Monique: Louis Onwaskannha was born in 1760, and died in 1810. He married Dorothee Kariwaienhne. He was a Huron from Lorette, Manitoba who moved to Kahnawake in the early nineteenth century. Nicholas-Nicolas: Tekanatokin became Nicholas. It appears in the 1901 census:Francois-Xavier _Nicolas_ , 46 years old, Louise, 44, wife.

The Hadamard family hailed from Koblenz, and spread to Metz and then settled, in the early nineteenth century, in Paris. David Hadamard, Lucie's father, was a diamond merchant in Paris. The couple organized many receptions. In one of them, Lucie met Alfred Dreyfus, a classmate of her cousin Paul Hadamard.

"...Ballou was a lecturer for temperance and the American Anti-Slavery Society, as well as president of the pacifist and Christian anarchist New England Non-Resistance Society." Calhoun, Craig. The Roots of Radicalism: Tradition, the Public Sphere, and Early Nineteenth-Century Social Movements. University of Chicago Press, 2012 (p. 372).

Over 300 chambered tombs have been recorded in Britain. An excellent example of a chambered long barrow is West Kennet Long Barrow in Wiltshire. The Grey Mare and her Colts burial monument was partially excavated in the early nineteenth century. It was found to contain human bones and several pottery fragments.

The term dope entered the English language in the early nineteenth century, originally referring to viscous liquids, particularly sauces or gravy.Dave Wilton, "dope", Wordorigins.org (5 January 2009). It has been used to refer to opiates since at least 1888, and this usage arose because opium, when prepared for smoking, is viscous.

Portrait of Bao Shichen Bao Shichen (; 1775—1855) was a calligrapher and reformist scholar in the early nineteenth century. Under the Qing administration, Bao made numerous important suggestions regarding the areas of military affairs, laws and politics, the grain tribute system, the salt monopoly, and the improvement of agricultural practice.

In a review in Foreign Affairs, Eliot A. Cohen wrote, "Despite some graceful writing and pointed observations, A History of Warfare fails to live up to the title's promise or the author's reputation". Cohen described it as "a vendetta against a liberal German soldier-theorist of the early nineteenth century [Clausewitz]".

Warren Farm, Stewkley is a 1.5 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Stewkley in Buckinghamshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site. This site was first described in the early nineteenth century. It is the most northern exposure of the Jurassic Portlandian basin, and is important for palaeographic reconstruction.

Fantasy fiction developed out of fairy tales in the nineteenth century. Early nineteenth century scholarship in folklore led to fantasy fiction dominating Victorian children's literature. The genre diverged into the two subgenres, high and low fantasy, after the Edwardian era. Low fantasy itself diverged into further subgenres in the twentieth century.

Classical economists believed that service work, no matter how honourable, was 'unproductive'. Scholars have long debated the nature of services. Some of the earliest attempts to define services focused on what makes them different from goods. Late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century definitions highlighted the nature of ownership and wealth creation.

Huntsman was born in Charlotte County, Virginia, on February 11, 1786. He came to Knox County, Tennessee, in 1809, where he settled for about three years. It was here that he studied law under John Williams, one of Knoxville's most prominent attorneys in the early nineteenth century and later a United States Senator.

Nakamura Dōseki (中村道碩, 1582–1630) was a Japanese professional Go player. Tradition counts him as the founder of the Inoue house. This was in fact a retrospective inclusion, essentially a fabrication of the early nineteenth century by Inoue Gennan Inseki. It accounts for the name Inoue Nakamura Dōseki sometimes given.

The first collection of poems under Lady Manners' own name was published in 1790, and their author was described as having "claims ... to the praise of harmony of verse and purity of sentiment ... not exceeded by those of any among her fair contemporaries". Her poetry was popular during the early nineteenth century.

Those wars threw off colonial rule and left a power vacuum in the early nineteenth century. Caudillos were very influential in the history of Spanish America and have a legacy that has influenced political movements in the modern era.Lynch, p. 437. The term is often used pejoratively by critics of a regime.

The development that solidified the characteristic style of the modern Australian pub was the introduction of the American-style bar counter in the early nineteenth century. Customers began to sit apart from the publicans, the atmosphere became commercial rather than home-like and the pub became a distinctly public, Australian male-dominated establishment.

Regardless of its weaknesses as a fighting weapon, according to Robson, a nearly identical sword was carried by the Army Corps of Engineers in the early nineteenth century and in turn similar swords were adopted by the United States Army in 1840 for foot officers and (with a simpler, unhinged guard) for NCOs.

Recipes for mayonnaise date back to the early nineteenth century. In 1815, Louis Eustache Ude wrote: > No 58.—Mayonnaise. Take three spoonfuls of Allemande, six ditto of aspic, > and two of oil. Add a little tarragon vinegar, that has not boiled, some > pepper and salt, and minced ravigotte, or merely some parsley.

She became a student of the poet Chen Wenshu. She was one of a number of early nineteenth-century women poets who wrote about the novel Dream of the Red Chamber.Ellen Widmer, The Beauty and the Book: Women and Fiction in Nineteenth-Century China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University East Asia Center, 2006.

Bourbon was not officially named until September 1778 and for the first part of his racing career, including the St. Leger win, was known as Mr. Sotheron's b.c. by Le Sang. Bourbon does not appear as a sire in the General Stud Book compiled by the Weatherby family in the early nineteenth century.

Verulam House is located in Verulam Road, St Albans on the northwestern side between Church Crescent and Britton Avenue opposite College Street. It has previously been referred to as Diocesan House and also known as the Bishop's Palace. It is of early nineteenth-century origin and is a Grade II Listed Building.

The Morassutti family is an Italian family, originally from Friuli Venezia Giula, that has been active in the wholesaler and retail hardware trade since the early nineteenth century. They are mostly known for having started one of the few distribution chain of hardware and household articles during the thirties of the twentieth century.

The Lot Hathaway House is a historic residence near East Claridon in the Connecticut Western Reserve region of the U.S. state of Ohio. Constructed in the early nineteenth century for a transplanted New Englander, the house mixes two of the period's prominent architectural styles, and it has been named a historic site.

Ravenswood was first settled in the early nineteenth century as a small farming area. The first official valuation of properties in the district took place in 1858. For some years after the arrival of the pioneers, there was only one road to Launceston across a ford at St. Leonards. There were no bridges.

St Ailbe's Cross in Emly. In Emly, there is a Catholic church dedicated to St Ailbe which dates to the late nineteenth century. An ancient and weathered Celtic cross in its churchyard is known as "St Ailbe's Cross". The early nineteenth-century church of St Ailbe is now used as the village hall.

He published a Latin-Greek lexicon and edited many classical authors, including an edition of Curtius Rufus owned by Thomas Jefferson. He died in Leiden. Cornelis Schrevel. The Lexicon ran to scores of editions in half-a-dozen languages, to the early nineteenth century; an expansion of 1663 was edited by Joseph Hill.

1815; second build c. 1855), administrative home of the Cumberland Nail & Iron Works that established Bridgeton's industrial prowess in the early nineteenth century. The first Cumberland National Bank building (1816), which was only the second bank chartered in New Jersey, is now part of the Bridgeton Library.Cumberland Bank Building, New Jersey Historic Trust.

The Grey Mare and her Colts is a megalithic chambered long barrow located near Abbotsbury in Dorset, England. It was built during the Early and Middle Neolithic periods (3400-2400 BC). The tomb was partially excavated in the early nineteenth century, and was found to contain human bones and several pottery fragments.

The film is set in the early nineteenth century. Ricardo (Frank Sinatra) is the son of a robber known as the Kissing Bandit. He however is a shy, Boston-bred young man who does not know how to sit on a horse. He falls for the daughter of the Spanish Governor of California.

He wrote several songs for London's pleasure gardens, the most famous of which is Lass with the Delicate Air (1762). A moderately prolific composer, Arne wrote nine operas and collaborated on at least 15 others. His most successful opera, Cymon (1767), enjoyed several revivals during his lifetime and into the early nineteenth century.

Kabardia () was a historical region in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and a somewhat ‘feudal’ social structure. It existed as a political community from the fifteenth century or earlier until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century.

238Larson (1976) p. 20 Judge Green continued to add to his real estate holdings throughout the early nineteenth century. Early road map showing Dauphin Borough and surrounding mountains The surrounding township is called Middle Paxton, part of the former Paxton Township of Lancaster County prior to the creation of Dauphin County in 1785.

The ingredients of punch include expensive spirits, too expensive for ordinary people . This has led to the suggestion that the song would be sung by smugglers. This might place it in the late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. It might also explain the dead man at the bottom of the sea.

This building has also confusingly come to be known as Canonbury House. In the early nineteenth century Washington Irving, creator of Rip Van Winkle, hoped to be inspired by Goldsmith's muse and engaged his roomreputedly the Spencer Roomat the tower, which he referred to as "Canonbury Castle". He remained only a few days.

Perdo Lascuráin was born in 1858 in the Rancho la Romita (now Colonia Roma) in Mexico City. He was the son of Francisco Lascuráin Icaza and Ana Paredes Cortés. His family was wealthy and very religious. His family was of Basque origin by maternal line, established in Mexico in the early nineteenth century.

Oare mill was built in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. It was marked on the 1819-42 Ordnance Survey map and Greenwood's map of 1821. The mill was working until June 1919. There was a steam engine, the boiler of which once exploded and damaged the Mill Cottages and Windmill Inn.

Wood writes, "by the standards of the early nineteenth century America possessed the most popular electoral politics in the world."Wood, 2009, p. 302. The egalitarianism of the age extended beyond voting rights, as the practice of indentured servitude declined and traditional hierarchies in employment and education were challenged.Wood, 2009, pp. 344–348.

Neighbors gathered, exchanged and created songs and dances. This is a part of the roots of the modern intertribal powwow. Another common instrument is the courting flute. Shape-note or sacred harp singing developed in the early nineteenth century as a way for itinerant singing instructors to teach church songs in rural communities.

Golfers play at the course of the Mount Macedon Golf Club on Mount Macedon Road. An annual tennis tournament was held in January in Mount Macedon for a period in the 1930s. Fox hunting in the surrounding forest was popular in the early nineteenth century, although native animals were frequently encountered and killed.

"The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia". Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2001. Page 39 There were even laws that required estate owners to help serfs in time of famine, which included grain to be kept in reserve. These policies failed to aid famines in the early nineteenth century due to estate owner negligence.

In the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth century, the Chinese-born merchant Khouw Tjoen and his son, Luitenant Khouw Tian Sek, began to acquire a great deal of land along the Molenvliet, then still a semi-rural suburb of Batavia. Fortunately for the Luitenant, the southwards urban expansion of Batavia in the early nineteenth century meant that '[t]his [area]...increased so enormously in value that without further effort on...[his] part he was changed from a comparatively well-to-do into an exceedingly wealthy man.' His descendants - the Khouw family of Tamboen, headed in the late colonial era by Khouw Kim An, last Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia - remained among the largest landowners in the Molenvliet area until the mid-twentieth century.

With Cleveland House, Surry Hills, it is one of few surviving examples of Colonial Georgian residential development of this scale and type in the locality. Durham Hall has historical significance as the early nineteenth century residence of a colonialborn Sydney gentleman, and demonstrates the social status of Surry Hills at the time. It is historically linked, through its shared original ownership and proximity, to more modest Colonial Georgian dwellings at 203-205 and 197 201 Albion Street, Surry Hills. Durham Hall has strong historical association with George Hill (1802-1883), a significant figure in early nineteenth century Sydney history, who was responsible for the building of the house in as his family home, and who resided there with his family until his death in 1883.

Modern restaurants date to back to eighteenth century France. By the early nineteenth century, they had been introduced in America. In the late 1800s, restaurants began using theming to differentiate themselves from increasing competition. In the 1890s, at least three different elaborately themed nightclubs were operating in Paris, using themes of death, hell, and heaven.

As at 29 June 2000, the property was in excellent condition following the 1988-89 restorations. The integrity of the property remains as no significant renovations have changed the original structure from that of the design in the early nineteenth century. The properties intactness adds to its recognition and overall social and historical significance.

In 1889, Daniel B. Landes bought the land at the public auction of the estate of Clifton Sutherland.Albemarle County Deed Book 102, p. 366:1889 The property continued to be conveyed to various owners over the years. The Crossroads Tavern is an early nineteenth century two- to three-story, three bay, double pile brick structure.

Houstoun died at his home, White Bluff, just outside Savannah on July 20, 1796. Houston County in central Georgia was named for him. The variation in spelling is typical of early nineteenth century orthography. John Houstoun pronounced his name "HOUSE-ton" and that pronunciation has been adopted in the locales named in his honor.

Eliot (1905), giving an 'account of the British East African Protectorate', stated that the inhabitants of the Lumbwa region "are closely allied to the Nandi, and speak almost the same language.". The Kipsigis traditions recorded by Orchadson concur on a united identity, and also give the early nineteenth century as the date of fragmentation.

The church contains two large altar-screens (reredos) by the renowned santero Pedro Antonio Fresquis. One screen is dated 1821, and there are other fine examples of early nineteenth- century santero art in the church.Cash, Marie Romero, Built of earth and song : churches of northern New Mexico, photography by Jack Parsons. Red Crane Books, 1993.

Between locks 7 and 8 there is an early nineteenth-century bridge, resting on stone supports. The piers and parapets are made of brick, and the structure is grade II listed. Beside lock 9 is a cast iron milepost, dating from the same period, indicating that it is to Braunston, which is also listed.

During the early nineteenth century, an English Jargon, known as Beach-La-Mar, developed and spread through the Western Pacific as a language used among traders (Lingua franca) associated with the whaling industry at the end of the 18th century, the sandalwood trade of the 1830s, and the bêche-de-mer trade of the 1850s.

The wait was a long one, and the Newcastle group of Fenwick, Charles William Bigge, Thomas Headlam and James Losh tired of Grey's tentative approach, by the 1810s.Peter Brett, Political Dinners in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain: Platform, Meeting Place and Battleground, History Vol. 81, No. 264 (October 1996), pp. 527–552, at p. 537.

The first Irish colony was in St Giles in the Fields and Seven Dials. By the early nineteenth century Irish communities existed in Whitechapel, Saffron Hill, Poplar and Southwark, and especially in Marylebone. Typical occupations were hawking and costermongering. Henry Mayhew estimated in the 1850s that around 10,000 Irish men and women were so employed.

The same year, on her birthday, she married Tamworth lawyer Samuel Pipe-Wolferstan. She published nothing further until after his death in 1820. At some time in the early nineteenth century, she taught schoolchildren in Tamworth, including her niece, another Elizabeth Jervis. Agatha was translated into French, and, later, into Dutch, from the French edition.

Haiti's peasantry constituted approximately 75 percent of the total population. Unlike peasants in much of Latin America, most of Haiti's peasants had owned land since the early nineteenth century. Land was the most valuable rural commodity, and peasant families went to great lengths to retain it and to increase their holdings.Smucker, Glenn R. "Peasants".

Despite the Russian Empire conquering what is now Azerbaijan in the early nineteenth century and its incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1920, the Azeri population did not tend to leave its traditional areas of settlement until the second half of the twentieth century.History of Russian–Azerbaijani Relations – Migration Issues. Vestnik Kavkaza. 6 August 2013.

The Twa Cummeris illustrated by Walter Geikie in the early nineteenth century. (British Museum). The Twa Cummeris, also rendered as The Twa Cumeris is a short humorous poem in Scots written at an unknown date by William Dunbar (born 1459 or 1460)W. Mackay Mackenzie, The Poems of William Dunbar, The Mercat Press, 1990.

Admirals Beach was first settled in the early nineteenth century by a French admiral. In 1864 there were three families living there. By 1911 it had a Post Office and a population of 39. The community grew over the years until a large population came from Great Colinet Island during the resettlement programme of 1956.

Lafone had never even visited the islands. The only remaining signs of this venture are the ruins at Hope Place and the stone corral at Darwin. In 1859, the town of Darwin was founded. Although used for sheep farming since the early nineteenth century, East Falkland was dominated by cattle farming until the 1850s.

John Clute has characterized Dickson as a "gregarious, engaging, genial, successful man of letters", who had not been an introvert.John Clute: Gordon R. Dickson (1923–). In: Richard Bleiler (ed.): Science Fiction Writers. Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York 1982, p.

The community was one of the four early nineteenth century settlements in the jurisdiction of the town. It has previously been known as "Shawangunk," "Crawford," and "Bloomfield." Another community named "Crawford" is located to the northwest in bordering Ulster County. This hamlet was an early terminus for a short line railroad, the Middletown & Crawford Railroad.

Edward Lane's careful observation of urban Egypt in the early nineteenth century suggests that the same regime of frequent divorce and rare polygamy was still applicable in these last days of traditional society. In the early 20th century, some villages in western Java and the Malay peninsula had divorce rates as high as 70%.

Schrauwers similarly examines a situation where paper money was introduced for the first time, in early nineteenth century Ontario, Canada. Paper money, or bank notes, were not a store of wealth; they were an I.O.U., a "promisory note," a fetish of debt. Banks in the era had limited capital. They didn't loan that capital.

Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote about Proserpine in his poem Prometheus Unbound. Proserpine is a verse drama in blank verse by Mary Shelley which includes two lyric poems by Percy Shelley. In the early nineteenth century, lyric poetry was associated with male poets, and quotidian poetry (i.e., the poetry of the everyday) with female poets.

Until the early nineteenth century it was known as Toadmoor, from the Derbyshire dialect "t'owd moor"Farmer. A, (2015) Derwent Valley Mills Through Time, Stroud: Amberley Publishing (the old moor) with no more than a few artisans' cottages. The southerly half of the present village is still shown as such on the Ordnance Survey's maps.

The architect Mathurin Crucy organised its removal when the chapel of the Carmelites was destroyed. It was dismantled and hidden. It was later restored to completion, and finally found a place at the cathedral in the early nineteenth century. Bones believed to be those of Arthur III, Duke of Brittany were also reinterred within it.

Kenneth Macaulay (1792-1829) was a merchant and colonial official in British Sierra Leone during the early nineteenth century. Macaulay served as Acting- Governor of Sierra Leone and was appointed as a member of His Majesty's Colonial Council. He was a second cousin of Zachary Macaulay, the abolitionist and member of the Clapham Sect.

The early hospital buildings reflect the high standard of architectural design and construction in the colonial period while the later buildings, resulting from the continuous construction program from the early nineteenth century, reflect the various approaches to hospital design philosophy, as well as the impact of the successive colonial and government architects on hospital design.

Joseph Huglmann (also Josef Hügelmann) (1768, Vienna - ?) was a composer active in Vienna in the early nineteenth century. He wrote a variation (op. 3, 1801), and the Bibliothek der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien had three piano compositions by his hand. Among his compositions is variation number 15 for Part II of the Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

They established their own churches and charitable societies. The immigration of many Irish Catholics during the early nineteenth-century brought about a pastoral problem. No anglophone parishes existed in Québec at the time and few preachers could minister to the immigrants' spiritual needs. The Irish Quebecers successfully demanded the creation of English-speaking parishes.

Reed mill was built in the early nineteenth century. It was marked on the 1858-72 Ordnance Survey map. The mill was working until 28 March 1915 when it was tailwinded and the cap and sails were blown off. The fantail was inoperative at the time as a new gear was being cast for it.

Didlington Park Lakes is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Didlington in Norfolk. These three artificial lakes probably date to the early nineteenth century. They are an important breeding site for wildfowl, including gadwal, teal, mallard, shoveler, tufted duck and great crested grebe. The site is private land with no public access.

It is considered one of the most exclusive areas of South Shields. A number of houses which were historically in the village are not considered to be part of the modern-day Westoe Village. The semi-detached early-nineteenth century houses of Westoe Terrace have been absorbed into the late Victorian terrace of Dean Road.

The rufous-headed hornbill is among the most threatened hornbills. Early nineteenth century drawing of the Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Indonesia. Most species' casques are very light, containing much airspace. However, the helmeted hornbill has a solid casque made of a material called hornbill ivory, which is greatly valued as a carving material in China and [Japan].

In the early nineteenth century, lyric poetry was associated with male poets and quotidian poetry (i.e., the poetry of the everyday) with female poets. The division of labour in Midas reflects this trend: Percy contributed the two lyric poems in the drama while Mary's play contains the kind of detail found in the poetry of other women.Richardson, 124-25.

The marriage is said to have been unhappy, though little is known. The couple moved to London in the early nineteenth century. She became acquainted with Thomas Moore, an early admirer of her writing, and others interested in literature. Although she had written since girlhood, she published nothing until Psyche (1805), a six-canto allegorical poem in Spenserian stanzas.

Transitional fonts exhibit a marked increase in the variation of stroke weight and a more horizontal serif compared to Old Style. Slab serif designs have particularly large serifs, and date to the early nineteenth century. The earliest slab serif font, Antique, later renamed Egyptian, was first shown in 1815 by the English typefounder Vincent Figgins.Carter, Day, and Meggs.

In the early nineteenth century the brewery produced only two beverages: beer and Bavarian malt, both top-fermenting. Bavarian malt with a classical composition, saturated color was brown, sweet, calorie and low-hopped. The standard was the dark weak niskoekstraktowe, that was only for immediate consumption. Prince Jan Henryk XI rebuilt the brewery 1861, he introduced a steam engine.

The Thibouville family is from La Couture-Boussey (Eure, France). From the early nineteenth century, its members would create about two dozen musical instruments brands with the name Thibouville.The most famous is Thibouville-Lamy. Jean-Baptiste Thibouville, born May 4, 1832, in La Couture-Boussey, was the inheritor of the brand Thibouville-Herouard (his parents' names) founded in 1842.

The journal covers the periods from Early Humanism (the fourteenth century) to the late Enlightenment (the early nineteenth century). It prints source texts in their original languages without restrictions. However, introduction and footnotes must be written in English, although they may be in French for French sources. The journal also accepts studies based on neglected printed sources.

The Crown and Thistle Inn was a public house in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It was in the historic Agincourt Square neighbourhood. Prior to its conversion to a public house, the building served as the premises of an apothecary. During the early nineteenth century, the Crown and Thistle Inn briefly housed one of the earliest Masonic Lodges in Monmouthshire.

In the early nineteenth century, the vaulted ceiling was painted in a "dark sapphire" color spangled with "glistening" gold stars. The walls were painted in naive Trompe-l'œil style to resemble a Classical masonry building. Polish Jewish communities were routinely denied permission to build in masonry.Rachel Wischnitzer, The Architecture of the European Synagogue, JPS, Philadelphia, 1964, p.

They often desire to legitimize their rule.Hamill, "Caudillismo, Caudillo", p. 38. Many caudillos brought order to their areas of control, but also resorted to violence with their armed supporters to achieve it. The early nineteenth century has been considered the "Age of Caudillos," but authoritarian regimes existed in the twentieth century as well, with caudillismo casting a long shadow.

The cities of Varanasi and Allahabad too were in the British empire since the early nineteenth century, and the cities of Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow were added in 1836 to form the "North-Western Provinces". There is huge population of Bengalis in Bengali Mohal and Golaghat. Abhijeet Bhattacharya, a popular singer of Bengali origin belongs to Kanpur.

Community libraries began to flourish in the early nineteenth century. The western United States opened to expansion and further exploration, and people wanted services and opportunities to move with them. In New York, Melvil Dewey had "initiated a program of traveling libraries- collections of one hundred books sent to communities without public libraries."Murray, S. A. (2012).

Klein examines paper tools, models and experiments in terms of their impact on scientific reasoning and practice in early-nineteenth-century organic chemistry in her book Experiments, models, paper tools (2003). She is credited with identifying the "invisible turning point" of a "quiet revolution" which shifted chemistry's foundation from natural history, medicine and pharmacy to carbon chemistry.

The free blacks and Indian slaves, Black Seminoles, living near St. Augustine fled to Havana, Cuba, to avoid coming under US control. Some Seminole also abandoned their settlements and moved further south. Hundreds of Black Seminoles and fugitive slaves escaped in the early nineteenth century from Cape Florida to The Bahamas, where they settled on Andros Island.Mulroy, Kevin.

Thomas Plesters is a Belgian former rower from Gent near Brussels. He was stroke of the winning Thames Challenge Cup eight in 2001. After Oscar de Somville of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand in the early nineteenth century, he was the most important Belgian (stroke) of that club in the late 20th and early 21st century.

During the early nineteenth century exile in Corfu, the Souliote population was usually registered in official Corfiot documents as Albanesi or Suliotti, as Arvanites in onomastic catalogs for foreigners and as Alvanites (Αλβανήτες) in a divorce document by the wife of Markos Botsaris. "Αλβανήτες", d.m.th., shqiptare i identifikon edhe Eleni Karakicu, bashkëshortja e pare e Marko Boçarit.

He arrived in Surat in the year 1792 and established himself as a trader before moving to Kolkata. In 1805, his nephew Moses Simon Duek Ha Cohen arrived in Kolkata. He married his eldest daughter Lunah. In the early nineteenth century the Baghdadi Jews began to settle in large numbers in Kolkata, thus outnumbering the Jews from Aleppo.

After the Catholic missionaries were banished from Ethiopia, Fremona was eventually abandoned; the details are unknown. The Ethiopian historian Richard Pankhurst cites a taxation report from 1697 that mentions Fremona under its old name Maigoga.Richard K.P. Pankhurst, History of vol. 1 Ethiopian Towns: From the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), p. 71.

Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/23209537 Hewahewa's dialogue with the missionaries also persuaded the powerful chiefess Kapiʻolani to adopt the Christian faith. Though the decline of the Hawaiian religion had decreased Hewahewa's influence as a spiritualist, he remained important in the Hawaiian Kingdom into the 1830s.Ralston, C. (1985). Early nineteenth century Polynesian millennial cults and the case of Hawai‘i.

The chemical reaction exhibited between wine and copper to produce verdigris may be related to wine's own oxidation process. Another method, used in the early nineteenth century, had to do with reacting copper sulfate solution with solutions of lead, barium, or calcium acetate. Their sulfates are insoluble, forming precipitates and leaving the copper acetate in solution.

"Daniel O'Connell: The Champion of Liberty" poster published in Pennsylvania, 1847. The Catholic Association was an Irish Roman Catholic political organisation set up by Daniel O'Connell in the early nineteenth century to campaign for Catholic emancipation within Great Britain. It was one of the first mass-membership political movements in Europe. It organized large-scale public protests in Ireland.

However, recent studies show that the sandy roadsides can link habitats and create refuges for the beetles. This leads to greater survival and reproduction in the ground beetle population. It is in farmers’ interests for these beetles to continue surviving and reproducing successfully. B. cephalotes have been recognized as useful to farmers since the early nineteenth century.

Images of England, accessed 12 September 2009 The name "Whitechapel" came into use in the early nineteenth century, named after the church. It was originally a part of Goosnargh ecclesiastical parish, but acquired independent parish status in 1846. The village primary school originated in 1705, within the church, acquiring its own building in 1810.Dewhurst, p.

Dozens of lay preachers, divinity students and English preachers were sent to the region. In the early nineteenth century a variety of organisations were formed to support evangelism to the region. From the late eighteenth century the Industrial Revolution led to a rapid urbanisation of Scottish society. This created alarm amongst the Christians of the new Middle Class.

In 1921 she married Enrico Terni (1876-1960), a banker from a wealthy Jewish family of Italian origin who had settled in Alexandria, Egypt in the early nineteenth century. Enrico was a musician and a composer. Cialente's only daughter, Lionella (called Lili), was born in 1923. Although based in Alexandria the family would spend long holidays in Italy.

Paradise was settled in the early nineteenth century when it was known as Stom's Landing, for Leonard Stom who founded the ferry there.Muhlenberg County Court Order Book 1 Pages 26-50 KyGenWeb It may have once been named Monterey. The origin of its final name of Paradise is not known.Kentucky Atlas & Gazetteer The University of Kentucky.

A prominent local hill, known as Carriganurra, features a large concrete cross at its summit. This cross was erected by local residents in 1950 to celebrate the Holy Year. The Church of the Assumption is an early nineteenth century Roman Catholic church in Slieverue village. The only church in the parish, it was renovated in the early 1990s.

Although this text is heavily dependent upon Passio sancti Eadmundi for its depiction of Edmund's death, it appears to be the first source to meld the martyrdom with the legend of Ragnarr loðbrók. Appledore and Northam. In the early nineteenth century, it was imagined that this spot may have marked the site of Ubba's demise.Stevenson, WH (1904) pp.

At first, all members of the House of Lords could hear appeals. The role of lay members of the House in judicial sittings faded in the early nineteenth century. Soon, only "Law Lords"--the Lord Chancellor and Lords who held judicial office--came to hear appeals. The last time that lay members voted on a case was in 1834.

The painting was displayed at the Fogg Museum in 1930 as part of an exhibition of eighteenth and early nineteenth century English artists. The painting is currently part of the British Painting and Decorative Art collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, a gift of Jane Taft Ingalls on the occasion of the Museum's Seventy-Fifth Anniversary in 1995.

However, all these disparate elements fuse organically into a masterpiece of early nineteenth-century Irish architecture. The most notable architectural addition to Ballyfin after the time of the Morrisons was a glass Conservatory by Richard Turner (1798–1881) added at some point after 1855 and accessed through a concealed door in a bookcase in the Library.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. The differing construction techniques utilised for the various buildings and ruins are good representative examples of other similar vernacular structures from the early nineteenth century and reflect the "make do" nature of the early settlers.

West Kingsdown Windmill was built in the early nineteenth century at Chimham's Farm, Farningham. It was marked on the 1819–20 Ordnance Survey map, Greenwoods map of 1821 and the Farningham Tithe Map of 1840. In 1880, it was moved to West Kingsdown, joining a post mill that was already there. The post mill burnt down in May 1909.

On Clapham Common, not far from the western end of the High Street, is Holy Trinity Church, which was associated with the Clapham Sect in the early nineteenth century. The Clapham Sect, whose members included William Wilberforce, helped campaign for the abolition of the slave trade and was instrumental in the introduction of the Slave Trade Act 1807.

The manor remained in the Coke family for several generations, and Thomas Coke, created Baron Lovel in 1728, abandoned Minster Lovell Hall in 1747. Large parts of the buildings were dismantled.Taylor (1958), p. 29. By the early nineteenth century the ruins of Minster Lovell Hall were thought to have been the buildings of an alien priory.

Sombor is a town of rich cultural tradition: the Roman Catholic church and the Franciscan Monastery from the 18th century, the Perish House originating from the early nineteenth century, the iconostasis of the Big and Small Orthodox church in Stapar are protected monuments registered as cultural heritage, which bear witness to the long history of this town.

During the early nineteenth century, however, the expansion of the East India Company's rule in India led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816), which resulted in Nepal's defeat. Under the Treaty of Sugauli, the kingdom retained its independence, but in exchange for territorial concessions marking the rivers Mechi and Mahakali as the boundary of Nepalese territories.

The "Menudo Gitano" (also called Andalusian tripe) is a dish prepared from tripe in Andalusian cuisine, this dish uses chickpeas in its preparation. It is a winter dish, served hot and traditionally in a clay pot. This recipe is already mentioned by Juan de Altamira in his book "The Newest Kitchen Art", in the early nineteenth century.

Diplomatic relations between the Regency of Tunis and the United Kingdom began in 1662, with the signing of a peace treaty. The first consulate building was erected in the seventeenth century. It was replaced by a second, in European style, in the early nineteenth century. The building on Victory Square was erected in 1914, in a Moorish revival style.

The Our Lady of Refuge Cathedral () Also Matamoros Cathedral Is the main Catholic temple in the city of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Is the headquarters of the Diocese of Matamoros. It was built in the 19th century, and is located in the historical center of the city. The work was initiated by Father Nicolás Ballí in the early nineteenth century.

The Whitelaw Reid House is a historic residence near the village of Cedarville in Greene County, Ohio, United States. Built in the early nineteenth century, it was home to a prominent American journalist, and it has been named a historic site. The Reid House is a weatherboarded structure with a tiled roof., Ohio Historical Society, 2007.

The entire family moved to the Mersey region in 1845. Thomas Johnson eventually became wealthy and purchased in the modern locality of Latrobe where he founded Sherwood Hall beside the Mersey and Railton Road. Dolly Dalrymple often managed his estates during his absence. Her life story was very uncommon for an Aboriginal woman in the early nineteenth century.

Hutt attended the London School of Economics (LSE) where he earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree under the "leading influence" of Edwin Cannan. After his 1924 graduation from LSE, Hutt worked for a publisher until 1927. It was during this period that Hutt wrote his first published essay, entitled "The Factory System of the Early Nineteenth Century" (1926).

The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims. 2013. p. 133. Current day Greeks refer to their language as ελληνικά or Greek, an appellation that replaced the previous term Romeiika during the early nineteenth century. In Turkey standard modern Greek is referred to as Yunanca, whereas the ancient Greek language is called Eski Yunanca or Grekçe. According to Heath W. Lowry'sProfessor.

Only in the early nineteenth century, a pool was reserved (walled and gated with a door) to representatives of the hospice Savigné-l'Évêque, owner of the adjoining land. A second was filled by a landslide. This left only one pool for about 500 people. Work was carried out in 1814 to transform the second fountain basin.

According to Richard Pankhurst, Adwa derives its name from Adi Awa (or Wa), "village of the Awa". The Awa are a tribe that was mentioned in the anonymous Monumentum Adulitanum that once stood at Adulis.Richard K.P. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns: From the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 192.

In Spain, during the early nineteenth century, Don Jose Lizarabengoa arrives in Seville to begin service as a corporal in the Spanish dragoons. He meets Carmen, a gypsy, who steals his watch, and becomes obsessed with her. Carmen slashes the face of a peasant woman who insults her. Jose is ordered to arrest Carmen but allows her to escape.

A covered well was found near the cashel in the early nineteenth century. Interior view of Grianan of Aileach View from Grianan of Aileach George Petrie first surveyed the Grianán of Aileach in the 1830s. At this time the cashel was nothing more than a mere ruin. He gives a description of the hill and the monument.

In the early nineteenth century, Safra Frères et Cie., the family's first financial institution, was founded within the Ottoman Empire in Aleppo, Syria. Further economic expansions prompted the family to open new branches in Beirut, followed by Istanbul and Alexandria. In the early 1900s, Beirut was chosen as headquarters of the newly founded Bank Jacob Safra.

George Pearson and Sons became the leading silk weavers here in the early nineteenth century. Britain was again at war with France between 1793 and 1815 so weaving prospered. A good employed weaver could earn eighteen shillings a week, and a self-employed weaver up to £3. but he would have the costs of maintaining his apprentices.

She first appeared as a child in Philadelphia at the Chestnut Street Theatre. Several early nineteenth century American composers and publishers dedicated works to her. Moreover, her performance of works was used to advertise sheet music. For example, the cover pages of several compositions by James P. Aykroyd—published by George E. Blake—advertise that Mrs.

The history of Braidwood, New South Wales in Australia dates back to the early nineteenth century. The historic nature of the town has been recognised with the listing of the entire town on the former Register of the National Estate on 21 October 1980 and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 3 April 2006.

Allen was first settled in the early nineteenth century. The first post office was named "Mouth of Beaver" and was established on August 21, 1854 (Thomas P. Johns, postmaster). The town began to develop rapidly after the establishment of a Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad station. The station was interchangeably known as "Beaver Creek" and "Beaver Creek Junction".

Collegiate teaching was based on the classics (Latin, philosophy, ancient history, theology) until the early nineteenth century. There were few if any institutions of higher learning offering studies in engineering or science before 1800. Institutions such as the Royal Society did much to promote scientific learning, including public lectures. In England, there were also itinerant lecturers offering their service, typically for a fee.

Houses were first thought of as historic rather than just old or interesting, during the early nineteenth century. Government protection was first given during the late nineteenth century. Historic homes are often eligible for special grant awards for preservation. What makes a historic home significant is often its architecture or its significance to the culture or history of the area.

Roy's use of scientific advancements and accurate mathematical formulas paved the way for modern geodesic surveying. His tenure and his work are the dividing line between older, approximate mappings and newer, highly accurate ones in Britain. He is cited repeatedly in early nineteenth century mathematics textbooks for his use of spherical trigonometry in surveying. A Course of Mathematics, Spherical Trigonometry, for example.

Liszt gained renown in Europe during the early nineteenth century for his prodigious virtuosic skill as a pianist.Searle, New Grove, 11:29. A prolific composer, Liszt was one of the most prominent representatives of the New German School (). He left behind an extensive and diverse body of work which influenced his forward-looking contemporaries and anticipated 20th-century ideas and trends.

In Stave 2 of A Christmas Carol, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes Scrooge to revisit his youthful days in Fezziwig's world located at the cusp of the Industrial Revolution. Dickens used Fezziwig to represent a set of communal values and a way of life which was quickly being swept away in the economic turmoil of the early nineteenth century.

Harriet McIlquham, "The Enfranchisement of Women: An Ancient Right, a Modern Need" (Women's Emancipation Union 1892). She also wrote a series of essays on the history of feminism for the Westminster Review.Harriett McIlquham, "Early Writers on the Woman Question" Westminster Review (September 1902): 312-320.Harriett McIlquham, "Women's Suffrage in the Early Nineteenth Century" Westminster Review (February 1903): 539-551.

Thus, it is reasonably certain that some ancestor of the Pomponii was indeed named Pompo, although the claim that he was the son of Numa may well be a later addition.Michael Grant, Roman Myths, pp. 123, 139. An alternative explanation suggested during the early nineteenth century, was that the name might be derived from an Etruscan root, Pumpu or Pumpili.

The history of feminism in Mexico can be divided chronologically into a number of periods, with issues. For the conquest and colonial eras, some figures have been re-evaluated in the modern era and can be considered part of the history of feminism in Mexico. At independence in the early nineteenth century, there were demands that women be defined as citizens.

By the time Europeans began to explore the area in the early nineteenth century, the Northern Paiute people were well established in the Harney Basin. Hudson's Bay Company fur trappers were the first Europeans to visit the Harney Basin. Peter Skene Ogden passed along the north shore of Malheur Lake in 1826. Other fur trapping expeditions followed in the 1830s.

George Silver was a Scottish agricultural innovator,George Robertson, A general view of Kincardineshire or the Mearns (1810) in Kincardineshire, who flourished in the early nineteenth century. Silver was born in Netherley. He was the son of Alexander Silver, who made his fortune with the East India Trading Company. Alexander Silver built the Netherley House mansion in Netherley and died there in 1797.

It was built in seventeenth century and then had the name Corral del Príncipe. On the west side of the plaza, a luxury hotel (now ME Madrid Reina Victoria) was built in the early nineteenth century. The hotel achieved fame for being the favorite among the most popular bullfighters. For example, the regular guest Manolete always reserved room number 220 in superstition .

Plaque marking former site of the Anchor Brewery. The Anchor Brewery was a brewery in Park Street, Southwark, London, England. Established in 1616, by the early nineteenth century it was the largest brewery in the world. From 1781 it was operated by Barclay Perkins & Co, who in 1955 merged with the Courage Brewery, which already owned the nearby Anchor Brewhouse.

Cucurbita have been used in various cultures as folk remedies. Pumpkins have been used by Native Americans to treat intestinal worms and urinary ailments. This Native American remedy was adopted by American doctors in the early nineteenth century as an anthelmintic for the expulsion of worms. In southeastern Europe, seeds of C. pepo were used to treat irritable bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Commodore Lawrence Kearny (30 November 1789 – 29 November 1868) was an officer in the United States Navy during the early nineteenth century. In the early 1840s he began negotiations with China which opened that country to U.S. trade and pointed the way toward the American Open Door Policy a half century later. He was Mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey in 1848.

Adopted around 1916, the name “Canton Neilson” (Neilson Township) honors John Neilson (1776-1848). For his work in public life, he contributed greatly to the development of the region since the early nineteenth century. Originally from Scotland, he came to live with his brother Samuel in Quebec City, who was acquired from the Quebec Gazette. In 1793, John inherited the newspaper and printing.

Wives assisted their missionary husbands in most of his roles. Advocates stopped short of calling for the end of specified gender roles, but they stressed the interconnectedness of the public and private spheres and spoke out against perceptions of women as weak and house-bound.Clare Midgley, "Can Women Be Missionaries? Envisioning female agency in the early nineteenth- century British Empire".

Camus, in historic literature, was a Scandinavian general dispatched to engage the Scots in battle, reportedly in the early eleventh century AD.John Carrie. 1881 The legendary engagement was called the Battle of Barry, and was first alluded to by Boece.Hector Boece. 1527 The historical nature of Camus and the Battle of Barry was called into doubt in the early nineteenth century.

There are two dwellings on the site. The mill house, where the miller's family would have lived, was built around 1910. Rubble-built, with two storeys, it features an elegant staircase with cast iron balusters, indicative of the relative wealth of the owner. There is also a cottage, the oldest remaining building on the site, dating from the early nineteenth century.

In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, universities dug up African-American bodies to autopsy, and some doctors would snatch people off the streets to examine. African-Americans have been experimented on and exploited for centuries. The Tuskegee syphilis study experimented on vulnerable men in the South who had syphilis. They kept treatment from these men to see what would happen.

The word muffin is thought to be Low German muffen meaning "little cakes". In the past, muffins were sold door to door by hawkers in England as a snack bread before most houses were provided with ovens in the early nineteenth century, giving rise to the traditional English nursery rhyme "The Muffin Man", which dates from 1820 at the latest.

Egyptienne, a slab serif face based on the Clarendon model. A sample of the typeface Rockwell, a slab serif face based on the geometric model. A sample of the typeface Courier, a slab serif face based on strike-on typewriting faces. Slab serif lettering and typefaces appeared rapidly in the early nineteenth century, having little in common with previous letterforms.

388"John Gow - The Orkney Pirate" Orkneyjar. Retrieved 11 Mar 2012. In the early nineteenth century the kelp industry provided significant employment on some of the Orkney islands, but when the market collapsed between 1830 and 1832 it caused considerable hardship. North Ronaldsay was especially hard-hit and several families were allowed to resettle from there to develop land at Westside on Eday.

Her name is derived from Mrs Grundy, a name that has been used to refer to a prudish woman since the early nineteenth century. Before she became a teacher, she worked at a pickle-packing plant. During World War II, she served with the WACs, outranking Mr. Weatherbee. Despite occasional grumblings from her students, they seem to genuinely like and admire her.

The people had a matrilineal kinship system: property and position were passed through the maternal line. Nearly 40 when he became chief, Micanopy soon began acquiring large amounts of land and cattle. As was common practice among elite Seminole, he hired more than 100 fugitive slaves to work his estates during the early nineteenth century. He encouraged intermarriage between the Seminole and blacks.

The lords of the manor are listed as the canons of St Mary (the church's dedication was changed to St Peter after this date), with the tenant- in-chief being Samson, William the Conqueror's personal chaplain.Mander, G.P. (1960) A History Of Wolverhampton to the Early Nineteenth Century. Wolverhampton Corporation. Page 19 Wolverhampton at this date is a large settlement of fifty households.

The church dates from 1835 by the architect A. F. Livesay, and was built on the site of a ruined medieval chapel.The Buildings of England, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Nikolaus Pevsner Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described the church as 'the finest early nineteenth century church on the Island'.The Buildings of England, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight.

At the end of the eighteenth century, the Roman Catholic community in Colchester consisted of exiles from the French Revolution. In the early nineteenth century Irish Catholic soldiers were stationed in the town. In 1814, a French priest, Fr Amand Benard, served the community and the local garrison. In 1831, a building was provided for the local Catholic community near North Hill.

Crossed by the river Neilson, this particular township includes lakes Aaron and Picard. This township is located in the extension of the lordship Saint-Gabriel and fief Hubert. Adopted around 1916, the name Neilson Township honors John Neilson (1776–1848). For his work in public life, he contributed greatly to the development of the region since the early nineteenth century.

During the early nineteenth century it served as a model for liberal constitutions of several Mediterranean and Latin American nations. It served as the model for the Norwegian Constitution of 1814, the Portuguese Constitution of 1822 and the Mexican one of 1824, and was implemented with minor modifications in various Italian states by the Carbonari during their revolt of 1820 and 1821.

Merrick was an active promoter of the Anti-Masonic Party. The party developed in the early nineteenth century, opposing political leaders who were members of secretive Masonic brotherhoods. Masonic members held political views on the role of the government and how the country should expand. The Anti-Masonic Party opposed those views as moving away from the original founding fathers intent.

They were joined by the Salvation Army, the Open and the Exclusive Brethren. A strand of evangelicalism developed in the Scottish Episcopal Church in the early nineteenth century, leading a group in Edinburgh to form a separate English Episcopal congregation. A major emphasis of evangelical Protestantism were organised missions. In the eighteenth century the focus had been the Highlands and Islands.

A New System of Domestic Cookery was the dominant cookery book of the early nineteenth century, outselling all other works. There were sixty-seven editions between 1806 and 1846, and it sold over half a million copies in Rundell's lifetime. New editions were released into the 1880s. In America, there were fifteen editions between 1807 and 1844, and thirty-seven in total.

Olga Spessiva; Swan Lake Costume in the twentieth century During the early nineteenth century, close-fitting body costumes, floral crowns, corsages and jewels were used. Ideals of Romanticism were reflected through female movements. Costumes became much tighter as corsets started to come into use, to show off the curves on a ballerina. Jewels and bedazzled costumes became much more popular.

It is likely that land clearance and agricultural activities as well as some building works took place during this period and during the subsequent of occupation. It was incorporated into a larger holding of 1500 acres known as Peninsula Farm in the early nineteenth century. On 1 January 1810, Governor Lachlan Macquarie replaced Governor Bligh. Under Macquarie's influence the colony prospered.

Dr. Henry R. Watson studied and practiced medicine with his father in the early nineteenth century, and set up his own practice around 1851. In 1882, he purchased the property this house sits on. A previous house was already located here, but in 1883 Watson hired builder Henry Rentchler to construct this house. He raised sheep on the surrounding farm.

Scoil Mhuire was established in 1933 initially as a female post-primary school under the patronage of the Sisters of Mercy. The sisters had already purchased Rockfort House, a large detached country house and land. This house was of early nineteenth-century date that was the seat of the Stewart\Stuart family. This site remains the location of Scoil Mhuire to date.

The Levi Anderson House is a historic house in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio, United States. Located along Anderson Station Road west of the city of Chillicothe, it is a fine example of the Greek Revival farmhouses of early nineteenth-century rural Ross County.Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 2. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 1211-1212.

The Bass and Flinders Centre has a collection of historical boats including a replica of the 1798 sloop Norfolk. The Watch House in Macquarie street built in 1843 was the town gaol. The building was refurbished and reopened in 2004 as a gallery and local history museum. It features a scale model of the town as it was in the early nineteenth century.

Near the Dog and Duck on Hoppers Road are some old terraced houses built around 1770. Number 106A Vicars Moor Lane is a distinctive private residence that retains the façade of a chapel. To the east on the same road are a number of residences that were probably built around the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. The station c.1875.

Scriptural geologists were a heterogeneous group of writers in the early nineteenth century, who claimed "the primacy of literalistic biblical exegesis" and a short Young Earth time-scale. Their views were marginalised and ignored by the scientific community of their time. They generally lacked any background in geology, and had little influence even in church circles. Many of them quoted obsolete geological writings.

It was originally located on Haulbowline Island in Cork Harbour. In the early nineteenth century, it transferred to Cove, subsequently named Queenstown, now Cobh. It is currently located in Crosshaven, near Cork City. By the mid 19th century membership was keenly sought after, due to the club's popularity, and club records show that many candidates were disappointed at not getting membership.

The Native Americans regarded him as someone who had been touched by the Great Spirit, and even hostile tribes left him strictly alone. He cared very deeply about animals, including insects. Henry Howe visited all the counties in Ohio in the early nineteenth century and collected several stories from the 1830s, when Johnny Appleseed was still alive:Howe, Henry (1903). Richland County.

A revival of interest in Old Norse religion occurred amid the romanticist movement of the nineteenth century, during which it inspired a range of artworks. It also attracted the interest of political figures, and was used by a range of right-wing and nationalist groups. Academic research into the subject began in the early nineteenth century, initially influenced by the pervasive romanticist sentiment.

Animus originated from Latin, where it was used to describe ideas such as the rational soul, life, mind, mental powers, courage or desire. In the early nineteenth century, animus was used to mean "temper" and was typically used in a hostile sense. In 1923, it began being used as a term in Jungian psychology to describe the masculine side of women.

Rush continued to condemn gambling as immoral, because "it tyrannises the people beyond their control, reducing them to poverty and wretchedness. The mind is deeply contaminated, and sentiments, the most hostile to its final peace and happiness, are harbored and indulged."J. Thomas Jable, "Aspects of Moral Reform in Early Nineteenth-Century Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 102.3 (1978): 344-363.

Barber (1999), pp.40–42 From the mid to late eighteenth century, as the industrial revolution took hold, there was a massive expansion in the economic development of south Wales. Iron-making flourished in emerging towns and settlements, notably at Merthyr Tydfil, Tredegar, and Blaenavon. By the early nineteenth century, south Wales was the most important centre of iron production in the world.

Crossed by the river Neilson, this particular canton includes lakes Aaron and Picard. This township is located in the extension of the lordship Saint-Gabriel and fief Hubert. Adopted around 1916, the name Neilson Township honors John Neilson (1776-1848) for his work in public life. He contributed greatly to the development of the region since the early nineteenth century.

Due to the extreme distance from the Spanish government in Mexico City, the missionaries often traded illegally with the closer French traders in Natchitoches, Louisiana. The mission was abandoned in 1773. Anglo-American settlement began in the early nineteenth century and led to the establishment of San Augustine, Texas. The town grew up about half a mile from the mission location.

In the era of the Dutch East India Company, Malang was a base for the Trunojoyo resistance (1674-1680) against the Company-assisted Mataram. In the early nineteenth century, the government was headed by the Governor-General. The first Malang Regent was Raden Tumenggung Notodiningrat. He was elected by the Dutch government by resolution of the Governor-General on May 9, 1820.

Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York 1982, p. 345 He served in the United States Army, from 1943 to 1946, and received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota, in 1948. From 1948 through 1950 he attended the University of Minnesota for graduate work.

Yancey's Tavern was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. From 2004 to 2006, Rann Vaulx restored the site for the citizens of Sullivan County and Tennessee. The house was furnished with reproductions of furniture from the late eighteenth century. A cupboard, blanket chest, and dining room table from the early nineteenth century are also presently displayed.

In the early nineteenth century, captured pirates were executed immediately. The resolution thus gave the Mexican Army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians.Scott (2000), p. 71. Santa Anna personally led the bulk of his troops inland to San Antonio de Béxar and ordered General José de Urrea to lead 550 troops along the Atascocita Road toward Goliad.

In 1791 Ustlabinsk was established in Circassia at the junction of the Kuban and Laba Rivers. By 1793 25000 Cossacks were settled along the Mozdok line. In the early nineteenth century a plague struck the north Caucasus which lasted until the 1830s. It is estimated that Kabardia lost 90% of its population, falling from 200,000 in 1790 to 30,000 in 1830.

Among the most famous massacres of the early nineteenth century were the Pinjarra massacre, the Myall Creek massacre, and the Rufus River massacre. Famous Aboriginal men who resisted British colonisation in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries include Pemulwuy and Yagan, and many others went unrecorded. In Tasmania, the "Black War" was fought in the first half of the nineteenth century.

And all the little ducks > went, 'Quack, quack, quack'. Iona and Peter Opie note records of a separate rhyme referring to the Crane fly recorded from about 1780, which they suggest may have been amalgamated with this rhyme in the early nineteenth century: > Old father Long-Legs Can't say his prayers: take him by the left leg, And > throw him downstairs.

Historically, Albaston was closely connected with the nearby mine at Drakewalls. The success of the Drakewalls mine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century led to the growth of the village of Albaston, including the construction of a Methodist chapel and several shops, dwellings and businesses. A brewery, Edward Bowhay & Brothers, was established by 1877; this brewery had ceased operation by 1930.

The Kashmiri Muslims (Khache) trace their arrival in Lhasa to the Muslim saint of Patna, Khair ud-Din, contemporary with the 5th Dalai Lama.John Bray, 'Trader, Middleman or Spy? The Dilemmas of a Kashmiri Muslim in Early Nineteenth-Century Tibet,' in Anna Akasoy, Charles Burnett, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.)Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011, pp.

The road then begins to climb uphill towards the suburb of Taroona where it becomes the Channel Highway. The road is allocated route code B68. Sandy Bay Road was first established as a track in the colonial period, early in the nineteenth century. Early nineteenth century diagrams and art clearly show the track following along the western shore of the river heading south.

The Aberdare Ironworks were established at Llwydcoed in the early nineteenth century and in 1823 were taken over by Rowland Fothergill. Owenrship later passed to his nephew, Richard. Eight public houses were open in Llwydcoed at this time. They were The Earl Grey, Fox and Hounds, Red Cow, Corner House, The Mason's, Miner's Arms, the Dynevor Arms and the Croes Bychan.

The Plymouth Brethren Christian Church (PBCC) is an influential Christian sect lead by Australian businessman Bruce Hales. The group has its origins in Exclusive Brethren, a Plymouth Brethren group , itself a branch of the Open Brethren. The PBCC was established in the early nineteenth century. At this time many Christians were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the Anglican Church with its forms and customs.

Much of the population of the Wessel Islands was decimated by smallpox, introduced from Makassar, during the 1790s. By the early nineteenth century, many of the Yolngnu clans had been wiped out. During WW2, a string of observational outposts were set up along the Wessel Islands. A minesweeper, the Patricia Cam was sunk by a Japanese float plane on 22 January 1943.

Catherine A. Brekus, "Harriet Livermore, the Pilgrim Stranger: Female Preaching and Biblical Feminism in Early-Nineteenth-Century America", Church History 65:3 (1996), 394. Her changing and increasingly radical beliefs increasingly ostracised her from mainstream Christianity and even from fringe groups such as the Millerites and Mormons. # Elizabeth F. Hoxie, "Harriet Livermore: 'Vixen and Devotee'", The New England Quarterly, 18:1. (1945), 40.

Venezuela claims most of Guyana west of the Essequibo River, in a dispute which dates back to the early nineteenth century and which saw the Venezuela Crisis of 1895. It also has a maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela. The country also has an active maritime boundary dispute with Dominica over the Isla Aves archipelago located in the Caribbean.

Published in Cahill, "Paintings Done for Women," p.26. Cahill also discusses and published the painting in Pictures for Use and Pleasure, pp.23-25. It is also available at Minneapolis Institute of Arts It bears an important colophon by the early nineteenth century woman poet Zhou Qi.Ellen Widmer translates the colophon in The Beauty and the Book, pp. 298–99.

The first known discovery of a possible stegosaurian was probably made in the early nineteenth century in England. It consisted of a lower jaw fragment and was in 1848 named Regnosaurus. In 1845, in the area of the present state of South Africa, remains were discovered that much later would be named Paranthodon. In 1874, other remains from England were named Craterosaurus.

Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2015. pp. 17–28. The principal sealer ‘settlements’ on the island were situated on Byers Peninsula near Nikopol Point, Sealer Hill, Negro Hill, Rish Point, Sparadok Point, Lair Point and Varadero Point, as well as at Cape Shirreff and Elephant Point.R. Lewis Smith and H. Simpson. Early Nineteenth century sealers' refuges on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands.

Thomas Burch (1778–1849) was an early nineteenth-century Methodist circuit rider in the United States and Canada. Burch was born on 30 August 1778, in Tyrone County, Ireland, to Thomas and Eleanor Burch. He was their eldest son. Burch's parents raised him in the Church of England. Burch converted to Methodism in 1801, after hearing sermons by Gideon Ousley.

In the early nineteenth century state legislatures identified a need to develop a system to catalog their state legal materials. In 1816, Pennsylvania formed the first state library followed the next year by Ohio. Within twelve years, 24 states had established similar institution. The role of these libraries rapidly expanded to include state and local records, federal documents and general reference materials.

His argument that light consists of waves now known as the Huygens–Fresnel principle, two centuries later became instrumental in the understanding of wave–particle duality. The interference experiments of Thomas Young vindicated Huygens' s wave theory in 1801.Buchwald, Jed Z. (1989). The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, p.

During the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington, D.C., nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions. After the 1830s, the number of petition cases gradually declined and the number of attorneys in the cities increased. But from 1800 to 1830, most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case.

According to some contemporary sources, the migrations of their ancestors were entirely unknown to the Karankawa of the early nineteenth century. However, the linguist Herbert Landar argues that based on linguistic evidence, the Karankawa language and people originated from a Carib subgroup. The Carib subgroup to which the Karankawa people belong remains to be discovered. Their exact migratory path northward is equally indistinct.

"I Know Where I'm Going" is a traditional Scottish (some sources say Irish) ballad about a wealthy love struck young woman pining for her "bonnie" lover Johnny who some say has a bad reputation.Digital Tradition Folk Music Database: link It has been noted since the early nineteenth century. It is Roud number 5701. In some versions the lover is said to be 'black'.

Dunure Castle and headland The first buildings in the lower Dunure village were erected in the early nineteenth century, not long after improvements to the local harbour in 1811. Kennedy Hall dates from 1881 and Dunure House from around 1800. Limekilns are a common feature of small harbours and Dunure has a fine specimen at the village play park.Love, Dane (2003).

The road network was considerably expanded in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and this bridge is a reminder of the materials, technology, and skills that were used for engineering projects at the time. According to the website www.glangevlin.com- it derives its name from a widow woman, Nellie Carthy, who had two sons. She owned a sheebeen and sold "poteen".

Terrace houses were an urban residential building type that came to Australia from England in the early nineteenth century. Essentially narrow fronted adjoining houses, terraces were built as dwellings for people across the classes, as was reflected in their respective forms, scales, materials and settings. While fairly common in mid-to-late 19th century suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne, terraces were always fewer in number in Brisbane.

When the First World War was over, De Meulemeester quit flying and joined the family brewery. Called 'The Eagle', the brewery was in existence since at least 1553 and was owned by the De Meulemeester family since the early nineteenth century. The owners, André's father Victor and uncle Alphonse, died both in 1927. The following year the brewery merged with another brewery in Ghent, called 'Belgica'.

Widening and the removal of its houses was completed in > 1763, but it remained relatively narrow and needed continual and expensive > repairs. In the early nineteenth century it was decided to replace the > bridge with a new construction. New London Bridge was opened in 1831 and > survived until it was replaced in 1972. It was then transported and > reconstructed in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.

Tension between the society and the college flourished in the early nineteenth century, with the auditor being called before the provost in 1810. In 1812 the provost, Dr Thomas Elrington, objected vehemently to the question ‘Was Brutus justifiable in putting Julius Caesar to death?’. After a number of members were removed at the request of the college board, the society left the college in 1815.

The Scottish national drama that emerged in the early nineteenth century was largely historical in nature and based around a core of adaptations of Scott's Waverley novels. The existing repertoire of Scottish-themed plays included Shakespeare's Macbeth (c. 1605), Friedrich Schiller's Maria Stuart (1800), John Home's Douglas (1756) and Ramsay's The Gentle Shepherd (1725), with the last two being the most popular plays among amateur groups.

For whatever reason, Purcell chose to purchase ceramics typical of the prosperous town house of the early nineteenth century Cape, and not necessarily of the original collection. One ceramic piece of major importance was bought in 1913 for £53. It is a bottle shaped vase, enamelled in famille rose with sprays of fruiting peach, bearing the Ch'ien Lung seal mark and of the period.

By the early nineteenth century the Ashanti had consolidated the large parts of the middle region under their rule and began to plan for a full-scale invasion of the Fante Confederacy. In 1806 the Ashanti-Fante War began. The British felt unable to intervene and acknowledge Ashanti control of the region. The British continued to work with the Fante to curtail the Ashanti.

West Union Presbyterian Church is a historic congregation of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) in the village of West Union on the southern edge of Ohio. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century, it worships in an early nineteenth-century building constructed by a future governor of Kentucky, and it counted among its earliest members a governor of Ohio. The building has been named a historic site.

Batería Urrutia. Batería Urrutia. Batería de Urrutia is a battery located in San Fernando in the Province of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain. It is part of the whole defensive system of bastions and batteries that protected the southern entrance of Islote de Sancti Petri in the early nineteenth century along with the Castillo de Sancti Petri and two batteries, Batería de Aspiroz and Batería de San Genís.

William Tennent (the church and area's namesake) served as pastor at the church for over 40 years. Tennent was also the center of a historic community of African Americans dating back to the early nineteenth century. The location of Tennent is located at the modern intersection of County Route 522 and Tennent Road (CR 3) and is near the limits of Monmouth Battlefield State Park.

Mechanicsburg United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist congregation in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Founded in the early nineteenth century, it is the oldest church in the village, and as such it has played a part in the histories of other Mechanicsburg churches. Its fifth and present church, a Gothic Revival-style structure erected in the 1890s, has been named a historic site.

Burial of less affluent people in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century often occurred in wall vaults that were in established cemeteries. Their families paid a rent for this. If the family failed to pay the rent, the corpse would be removed from the wall vault. The Locust Grove Cemetery No. 1 opened as a potter's field in 1859 in the uptown section of New Orleans.

Painted wooden vault at Grandtully Chapel Apart from William Dundas' letter of 1593, there are no contemporary references to this type of decoration. Most examples were concealed behind later interiors or neglected in buildings which became lower status accommodation. In the early nineteenth century antiquarian interest was kindled by discovery during the demolition of buildings in Edinburgh and Dundee. Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe and Rev.

Aperture control gained more significance, and adjustable stops became a standard lens feature. The iris diaphragm made its appearance as an adjustable lens stop in the 1880s, and it became the standard adjustable stop about 1900. The iris diaphragm had been common in early nineteenth century cameras obscura, and Niépce used one in at least one of his experimental cameras.Kraszna-Krausz, p 136, 454.

Mariana Starke (1761/2–1838) was an English author. She is best known for her ground-breaking travel guide of France and Italy which served as an essential companion for British travellers to the Continent in the early nineteenth century. She also wrote plays and poetry early in her career but was discouraged by harsh reviews. She was unmarried but sometimes referred to as Mrs. Starke.

The sources of the origin of this folk music are found in the early nineteenth century. During the British rule, the trend of migrating from rural areas to the metros had increased. Such workers had to stay away from their families for long periods of time for their livelihood. The lament of separation from both the motherland and spouse led to the birth of Biraha.

T Moor was a Tyneside singer/songwriter. The only song attributed to his name is "The Skipper’s Dream". The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the early nineteenth century caused a shortage of labour, which in turn led to an influx of Irish families into England. This caused a certain amount of resentment, particularly in many places due to the families being of Roman Catholic religion.

An upstream weir and additional arch were likely built to accommodate a mill race feeding Clonmoyle Mill to the south. The weir and mill race are both depicted on the 1901 surveyed OS Map. Many surviving bridges in mid-Cork are originally constructed of stone, arched in shape, and late eighteenth or early nineteenth century in date. Typical features include semi-circular arches and pointed breakwaters.

The villa was built by the Sant Cassia family in the early nineteenth century as a honeymoon retreat, in the limits of Mġarr in Malta, although commercial sources claim that it dates back to 1675. The building's owner, Francis Sant Cassia, was murdered there on 27 October 1988, and the family sold it a year later, in 1989. It is now used as a wedding venue.

Punched star chart of the Sidney Hall's punched star chart of the constellation Auriga.Sidney Hall (1788?–1831) was a British engraver and cartographer well known and popular for his early nineteenth century atlases containing maps of the United Kingdom and of the ancient world reproduced from Hall's engravings. Hall made engravings for a number of international atlases at a time when cartography and atlases were very popular.

Many cities, especially those in cold climates and with large European populations, have built municipal conservatories to display tropical plants and hold flower displays. This type of conservatory was popular in the early nineteenth century, and by the end of the century people were also giving them a social use (e.g., tea parties). Conservatory architecture varies from typical Victorian glasshouses to modern styles, such as geodesic domes.

Evron was born in Jerusalem. He attended Herzliya Hebrew High School and Hebrew University. Evron's family had lived in Palestine since the early nineteenth century; he is the great- grandson of Yoel Moshe Salomon, one of the founders of Petah Tikva. He was a member of Lehi and the Canaanite movement early in his life and remains critical of Zionism and supportive of some of Canaanism's tenets.

In Byrne, T. E., Chemung County, New York History 1890-1975 (pp. 208-219). Elmira, NY: Chemung County Historical Society, Inc. The Heller family is credited with building the first sawmill in 1830, only two years after settling. In the early nineteenth-century, many other people, including Silas Breese, A. Schoonover, Benjamin Smith, Israel Boyer, and David, Joel, and Israel Heller settled on Breesport land.

The Mosher Farmstead is located at 1016 Sherwood Road in Aurora, New York. The farm was established in 1887 when it was purchased by E.W. Mosher, and remains in the Mosher family today. It is significant as a largely intact example of a late eighteenth/early nineteenth century farm. Various buildings on the farm, especially the large U-shaped barn, are also significant architecturally.

William Tankerville Chamberlain (25 June 175112 May 1802) was an Irish judge of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He was highly praised by his contemporaries for his ability and integrity, but his reputation has suffered as a result of his conduct as a judge at the trial for treason of William Orr, which is widely regarded as a grave miscarriage of justice.

October > 12 1537.Burke, p. 411 No trace of the Abbey now remains in its former location. There was still at least one arch standing in the early nineteenth century but much of the stonework is thought to have been used in the building of local mills, the present church (arch over entrance), and the Main Guard in nearby Clonmel (columns and associated elements).

Using techniques of the genre of alternative history, Clarke creates events and characters that would have been out of place in the early nineteenth century. She also explores the "silencing" of under- represented groups: women, people of colour, and poor whites.Elizabeth Hoiem, "The Fantasy of Talking Back: Susanna Clarke's Historical Present in Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell" , Strange Horizons (27 October 2008). Retrieved 26 February 2009.

130-138 Cumberland Street remains as evidence of the density and character of the early nineteenth century subdivisions in The Rocks. The site commenced as a speculative venture in its initial form as a row of tenements in 1822, replaced in 1834. These single-storey terraces were then replaced by the current buildings: Nos. 136-138 Cumberland Street in -82, No. 130 in , and Nos.

Tansey is an honorary member of The Physiological Society. In 2015, at the centenary of women's membership of the Physiological Society, Tansey received the Paton prize and presented her prize lecture entitled Maude, Nettie, Ghetel and George, a study of some women married to early nineteenth century Physiological Society members. In 2017 she was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine.

The Gaon once started on a trip to the Land of Israel, but for unknown reasons did not get beyond Germany. (In the early nineteenth century, three groups of his students, known as Perushim, did manage the trip, settling mostly in Safed and Jerusalem). While at Königsberg he wrote to his family a famous letter that was published under the title Alim li-Terufah, Minsk, 1836.

The Colony of Peel Island was the first permanent settlement in the archipelago. Peel Island was settled in the early nineteenth century by speakers of eighteen European and Austronesian languages, including American English and Hawaiian. This resulted in a pidgin English that became a symbol of island identity. It creolized among second- and third-generation speakers as thousands of Japanese speakers settled the islands.

This is a typical example of an early nineteenth century engine, it comprises a vertical double acting steam cylinder coupled via an rocking beam to a double acting air cylinder. The beam is made of cast iron; it is long and weighs . The steam cylinder is in diameter and has a stroke of . It was designed to run at between 12 and 16 strokes per minute.

It is typically attributed to Robert Mills, a prominent American neo-classical architect and acquaintance of John Brockenbrough. The home, typical of Richmond's finer early nineteenth-century dwellings, was two stories tall with a slate flat roof. The principal floor featured a parlor, drawing room and dining room, while the bedrooms were upstairs. A kitchen and servants’ residence were located in an adjoining outbuilding.

During the early nineteenth century, national elites used ethno-linguistic principles to differentiate between "Bulgarian" and "Greek" identity into the Rum millet. Bulgarians wanted to create their own schools in a common modern literary standard.Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , p. 134. In the Balkans, Bulgarian education stimulated nationalist sentiments in the middle of the 19th century.

A few hundred refugees had left in the early nineteenth century from Cape Florida to go to the then-British colony for sanctuary from American enslavement.Goggin, The Seminole Negroes of Andros Island, pp. 201–6, Mulroy, 26. After banning its participation in the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, in 1818 Britain held that slaves brought to the Bahamas from outside the British West Indies would be manumitted.

The Colonial Society of Massachusetts is a US non-profit educational foundation, founded in 1892, and established for the study of the history of Massachusetts. The period of study is from its settlement through the early nineteenth century. It is a member of the New England Regional Fellowship Consortium. Its headquarters, located at 87 Mount Vernon Street on Boston's Beacon Hill, are closed to the public.

Around 1800 the copper mines on the Lubudi river were part of the Lunda Empire. The people delivered copper to the Emperor ("Mwant Yav") as tribute, but also sold copper bars in exchange for food such as dried fish and manioc flour. In the early nineteenth century the villagers on the upper Lubudi were subject to the Mushima chief, an ally of the king of Samba.

Madame Garnerin (Christoph Haller von Hallerstein, c. 1803) Citoyenne Henri accompanies Garnerin on a highly publicised and controversial flight on 8 July, 1798 Schematic depiction of Garnerin's first parachute used in the Parc Monceau descent of 22 October, 1797. Illustration dates from the early nineteenth century. Parachute of André-Jacques Garnerin Garnerin releases the balloon and descends with the help of a parachute, 1797.

74-77 In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside.W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.

Sockburn is a village and former civil parish to the south of Darlington in County Durham, England. It is situated at the apex of a meander of the River Tees, known locally as the Sockburn Peninsula. Today, all that remains of the village is an early nineteenth-century mansion, a ruined church and a farmhouse built in the late eighteenth century. Sockburn was once a larger parish.

Louis-Sébastien Lenormand jumps from the tower of the Montpellier observatory, 1783. Illustration from the late 19th century. The first use of a frameless parachute, by André Garnerin in 1797 Schematic depiction of Garnerin's parachute, from an early nineteenth-century illustration. The modern parachute was invented in the late 18th century by Louis-Sébastien Lenormand in France, who made the first recorded public jump in 1783.

A section of the clapboard has been removed at one corner to expose a reconstruction of the brick nogging used as insulation. The interior walls were stuccoed between the upright supports of the H-bents. A kitchen was added at a right angle to the house probably in the late 1790s. In the early nineteenth century a porch with four columns was also added.

In her youth she served as lady-in- waiting to Sophie of Württemberg. In 1871, she married William Edward Hartpole Lecky, an Irish historian, essayist, political theorist, and provost of Trinity College Dublin. She endowed the Lecky Chair of History at Trinity College, Dublin in her husband's honour. Her husband's mother, Isabella Wilmot, was the niece of early nineteenth-century travellers Martha and Katherine Wilmot.

In equestrianism, a variant called a shadbelly is still worn in certain disciplines in its eighteenth-century role as daytime formalwear. It is basically a form of dress coat which is closer in cut to the early nineteenth-century style worn by Beau Brummel than to the modern version worn with evening formal dress. The male version of the shadbelly is often called a "weaselbelly".

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Mazatlán was a native fishing village located north of Cerro de la Aduana. In 1821, it was declared the first port of Mazatlán on Mexico's Pacific coast. Jurisdictionally, Mazatlán remained dependent on the sub-delegation of San Sebastian, unaffected by the divisions between the states of Sonora and Sinaloa. In 1824, they got together to form the Western State.

By Charles J. Borges. 1996. In 1877 the local chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of Flight (Nossa Senhora da Fuga). Cunchelim became more involved with the outside world in early nineteenth century with the creation of a school with a chair of Latin at Mapusa. This institution was to pave the way for better education and therefore job prospects in British India (especially Bombay).

Whitneyville is a neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the town of Hamden, Connecticut. It started in the early nineteenth century as a factory town for workers in Eli Whitney's gun factory. Around the turn of the twentieth century, it evolved into a trolley suburb of New Haven. Today it is primarily residential, with a mixture of single-family homes and small apartment and condominium buildings.

In the early nineteenth century, after being dislodged from Meitrabak, Manipur princes made Cachar a springboard for the reconquest of the territory. In 1819, three Manipuri princes occupied Cachar Kingdom and drove King Govinda Chandra out to Sylhet in present Bangladesh. The kingdom of Cachar, divided between Govinda Chandra and Chaurajit in 1818, was repartitioned after the flight of Govind Chandra among the three Meitrabak princes.

Fairview is an area of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. Situated between the town centre and Pittville, it is largely residential. There are a couple of businesses, including a local builders merchant and Cheltenham builder's merchant, George Bence, and a branch of Machinemart. According to maps in Cheltenham library, Fairview was part of an expansion of the town onto former farmland in the early nineteenth century.

The last organized tribes of the Nogai in Russian sources were dispersed with the Russian construction of zaseka bulwarks in the Don and Volga regions in the 17th-18th centuries, which separated the cattle breeding populations from their summer pastures. Another part of the Nogai were deported from the Budjak steppes after Russian conquest of Western Ukraine and Moldova in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Prior to the arrival of white settlers, the area had been used as a soapstone quarry by the Narragansett natives. The first white settlers were farmers. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, settlers built dwellings intended for temporary stays, though later, attracted by the country atmosphere, they adopted permanent residence. In the early nineteenth century, the proximity of the Woonasquatucket River allowed the area to begin industrialization.

The story takes place on Seneca Lake in Central New York in the early nineteenth century. On Seneca Lake could be heard loud explosions which observers labeled "The Lake Gun." The source is unknown but the Native Americans consider it the voice of the Manitou, their god. There is also the "Wandering Jew," a tree trunk that floats on the lake blown by winds and currents.

The latter had more adherents overall, but were plagued by subsequent splintering. The only division the Hicksites experienced was when a small group of upper-class and reform-minded Progressive Friends of Longwood, Pennsylvania, emerged in the 1840s; they maintained a precarious position for about a century.Doherty, Robert W. (1967). The Hicksite Separation A Sociological Analysis of Religious Schism in Early Nineteenth Century America.

Wild Seed represents and comments on the history of plantation slavery in the United States. Scenes in the novel depict the capture and sale of Africans; the character of European slave traders; the Middle Passage; and plantation life in the Americas.Pfeiffer, John R. "Butler, Octavia Estelle (b. 1947)." In Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day.

The country has over twenty volcanoes, although only two, San Miguel and Izalco, have been active in recent years. From the early nineteenth century to the mid-1950s, Izalco erupted with a regularity that earned it the name "Lighthouse of the Pacific." Its brilliant flares were clearly visible for great distances at sea, and at night its glowing lava turned it into a brilliant luminous cone.

Y'all arose as a contraction of you-all. The term first appeared in the Southern United States in the early nineteenth century,Crystal, David. The Story of English in 100 Words. 2011. p. 190. though it was probably uncommon, its usage not accelerating until the twentieth century.Devlin, Thomas Moore (2019). "The Rise Of Y’all And The Quest For A Second-Person Plural Pronoun". Babbel.

Beginning in the early nineteenth century, European-American settlers began to encroach on this territory, pushing the Muscogee out during Indian Removal in the 1830s. The Muscogee were forced to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. This area was developed by European-American settlers and their African-American enslaved workers for cotton plantations. Agriculture was critical to the economy into the 20th century.

In the capital and other Spanish cities in New Spain (and later after independence in 1821), there was a population of léperos,Richard Warren, "Lépero" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 3, p. 404. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.Torcuarto S. Di Tella, "The Dangerous Classes in Early Nineteenth-Century Mexico," Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 5, no 1 (1973)79–105.

The Makah in the early nineteenth century inhabited Cape Flattery, Washington. According to the Lewis and Clark expedition, they then numbered some 2,000. The Makah are the southernmost of the Wakashan linguistic group, and the only member of this family living within the current boundaries of the United States. Other bands are First Nations peoples on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

Francesco Aliani (9 April 1762 – 28 May 1812) was an Italian cellist. He was a major figure in the musical life of Piacenza in the early nineteenth century. He was born at Piacenza. He for a time studied the violin under his father, who was first violin in the orchestra, but afterwards devoted studied under Giuseppe Rovelli of Bergamo, then in service to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma.

Ruse surveys the attitude to progress throughout the history of biology, exploring the connections between the idea of progress and the belief that evolution is progressive (orthogenesis). He argues that from early nineteenth century speculation, Charles Darwin came to suggest that natural selection drove species to "a higher stage of perfection",Ruse, p. 151, quoting a letter from Darwin to Hooker. jumping from relative to absolute progress.

Admiral Sir John Sutton, (c.1758 - 8 August 1825) was a Royal Navy officer of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century who is best known for his service as captain of the ship of the line HMS Egmont during the French Revolutionary Wars, serving with the Mediterranean Fleet in several prominent engagements. He later served as a judge at the controversial Gambier court- martial in 1809.

You enter the Venice Palace through a lowered arch with on top the family crest of Capone. On the left of it there is the eighteenth-century open stairway with three arches. The canopy is in iron and glass and back in the early nineteenth century. A particular relevance has the garden, where you can find the little chapel called Mary's cave (grotta della Madonnina).

Dormers were added to the roof about 1830, and have been retained in the restoration that began in 1987. The summer kitchen, about 20 feet south of the 1760 addition, was built in the early nineteenth century. It is constructed of red sandstone, but is now painted white. It has 2 stories plus a large basement and includes another walk-in fireplace on its first floor.

From the early nineteenth century until the mid-20th century, Katharevousa, a form of Greek, was used for literary purposes. In later years, Katharevousa was used only for official and formal purposes (such as politics, letters, official documents, and newscasting) while Dhimotiki, ‘demotic’ or popular Greek, was the daily language. This created a diglossic situation until in 1976 Dhimotiki was made the official language.

In the early nineteenth century, Thomas Foley (VII) used John Nash to design the enormous North and South porticos. The final transformation of the mansion was undertaken by Samuel Daukes for the Wards in the mid-nineteenth century. This saw the encasement of the mansion's central block and wings with Bath Stone and the creation of lavish interiors in a revival French Renaissance style.

Nicholas Tuite MacCarthy (May 1769 – 3 May 1833) was a renowned Jesuit preacher in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century France. He was known also as the Abbé de Lévignac. He was of noble birth, being a member of the MacCarthy Reagh family of Springhouse, Bansha, Co. Tipperary in Ireland who were Princes of Carbery and who subsequently became Counts of Toulouse in France.

The river is navigable for small boats to approximately 10m below the dam site. A series of axe grinding groves at the northern extent of the site demonstrates the use of the site by the Dharawal Aboriginal people. There is a mixture of industrial remains on the site. A substantial rock cut channel and other rock work exhibit pick marks indicating construction in the early nineteenth century.

Lieutenant-General William Anne Villettes, (20 August 175413 July 1808) was a senior officer of the British Army during the early nineteenth century. His career saw service in the Mediterranean, particularly during the Invasion of Corsica in 1794 and at the Malta Protectorate after British occupation in 1800. He died in 1808 while serving as military commander in British Jamaica and is buried at Half Way Tree.

France artilleryman's uniform, 1916 In the French Army collar patches were used on tunics and greatcoats from the early nineteenth century onwards. Usually in contrasting collars to the collar itself, they came to carry a regimental number or specialist insignia. With the adoption of a new light-beige dress uniform for all ranks in the 1980s, the practice of wearing coloured collar patches was discontinued.

2, p. 181 was commonly held by 16th and 17th-century Anglican theologians. It was characteristic of 17th century thought to "insist on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, but to profess agnosticism concerning the manner of the presence". It remained "the dominant theological position in the Church of England until the Oxford Movement in the early nineteenth century, with varying degrees of emphasis".

Shalom Goldman, God's Sacred Tongue: Hebrew & the American Imagination (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 187. Also see Shalom Goldman, "James/Joshua Seixas (1802–1874): Jewish Apostasy and Christian Hebraism in Early Nineteenth-Century America", Jewish History 7:1 (1993), 65–88. He also studied for a time under Convers Francis, who later preached at Parker's ordination.Gura, Philip F. American Transcendentalism: A History.

Benjamin H. Sumner, bought the property, now 432 acres, in 1948. Because of its unusual plan and chimney placement, Fox Haven is one of the more interesting examples of the two-story brick houses constructed in western North Carolina in the early nineteenth century. The house, which is in excellent condition, is distinguished by the well-executed Federal details of its entrance and lunettes.

Since the restoration of the Society of Jesus in the early nineteenth-century, French-speaking Jesuits ministered to the Franco-Ontarian population of Sudbury. In the 1960s, the Jesuits had to change their ministries. The creation of Laurentian University in 1960 led to the French-speaking Jesuits in Sudbury to move away from higher education. They handed over Sacred Heart College to the newly created university.

Mendoza moved to Barinas from Caracas in late 1796, where he married Juana Mendez Mendoza Briceño. He was widowed shortly after, and in the early nineteenth century, he remarried Maria Regina Montilla of Pumar, a relation of Jose Ignacio of Pumar. He had been widowed a second time by 1810. On 14 August 1811, Mendoza married for the third time to Gertrudis Buroz Tovar.

The famous anarchist Buenaventura Durruti died during the fighting on 20 November 1936. Members of the International Brigades recall building barricades of books. According to the young volunteer John Sommerfield, volumes of Hindu metaphysics and German philosophy of the early nineteenth century in the Philosophy building were "totally bulletproof." Another volunteer recalled that the main weapons were not guns but hand grenades and dynamite.

The largest of the ponds on the Jasień river is that in the Księży Młyn district. Historical sources date the existence of the pond back to the early sixteenth century.Jędruszkiewicz and Moniewski 2015, p. 42. Enlarged in the early nineteenth century to boost hydropower production, the pond had an area of 5 ha, but by the end of the century its function was only recreational.

The Louvre, newly filled with booty seized by Napoleon in his campaigns in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy, provided French artists of the early nineteenth century with an unprecedented opportunity to study, compare, and copy masterworks from antiquity and from the entire history of European painting.Tinterow, Gary; Conisbee, Philip, et al. (1999). Portraits by Ingres: Image of an Epoch. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.

Illustration to 1893 edition of Waverley, by Walter Scott The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott (1771–1832). Having begun as a ballad collector and poet, his first prose work, Waverley in 1814, often called the first historical novel, launched a highly successful career as a novelist.K. S. Whetter, Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), , p. 28.

The Statue of Tara is a gilt-bronze sculpture of the Tara that dates from the 7th-8th century AD in Sri Lanka. Looted from the last King of Kandy when the British annexed Kandy in the early nineteenth century, it was given to the British Museum in 1830 by the former British Governor of Ceylon (as Sri Lanka was then known), Robert Brownrigg.

John Barrell on Cader Idris, Wales. Cover of the paperback edition of The dark side of the landscape featuring Door of a Village Inn (cropped) by George Morland. John Charles Barrell, FBA, FEA, (born February 1943) is a British scholar of eighteenth and early nineteenth century studies. He has been a lecturer in the Department of Literature at Essex and in the Faculty of English at Cambridge.

Zandberg is a village in the north of the Netherlands, partly located in the Groningen municipality of Westerwolde and partly in the Drenthe municipality of Borger-Odoorn. The village was created in the early nineteenth century as a settlement in the peat colonies. The first residents came from the neighboring part of Germany. Zandberg is therefore one of the Catholic enclaves in the Northern Netherlands.

A mill has been recorded on the site since 1289. A windmill was marked on John Norden's map dated 1607, John Speed's map dated 1611, Joan Blaeu's map dated 1645 and John Ogilby's map dated 1675. The Chalton mill was built in the early nineteenth century. In the 1950s it was threatened with demolition but a preservation order was placed on the mill by the local council.

Campino was born in La Serena, Santiago in 1794 and died on October 26, 1874. He was a Chilean military officer who participated in the process that led to the independence of that country in the early nineteenth century . His parents were Captain Don Andres Fernandez de Campino y Erazo and Magdalena Salamanca y Messía. In 1821, he married Dona Ignacia Landa de los Rios.

The film is set in the early nineteenth century, when the Tyrol was under foreign occupation. The Tyrolean folk hero Andreas Hofer hides in the village of St Leonhardt, whose residents are preparing to stage their annual Passion Play. The film focuses on Raffl, a young farmhand cast in the role of Judas. Raffl gradually loses the ability to distinguish between role and reality.

Although religious laws existed prohibiting same-sex love and relationships, expressions were common in both Orthodox Christian and Islamic society.Peter Drucker, “Byron and Ottoman Love: Orientalism, Europeanization and Same-Sex Sexualities in the early nineteenth- century Levant,” Journal of European Studies 42 (2012) 145Dror Ze’evi, “Hiding Sexuality: The Disappearance of Sexual Discourse in the Late Ottoman Middle East,” The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice 49 (2005) 43 The primary expression of same-sex love for Orthodox Christians were brotherhood unions known as "Pobratimstvo" (Adelphopoiesis).Nik Jovčić-Sas, 2018, "The Tradition of Homophobia: Responses to Same-Sex Relationships in Serbian Orthodoxy from the Nineteenth century to the Present day," In: Chapman, Mark, Janes, Dominic. "New Approaches in History and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire" London: Palgrave Macmillan, 55-77p The early nineteenth century saw a time of relative turmoil for Serbia, with sporadic periods of stability.

When the lodge was damaged by fire, the members of the Hell Fire Club relocated down the hill to the nearby Stewards House for a brief period. This building also has a reputation for being haunted, most notably by a massive black cat. Adjacent to the Stewards House are the remains of Killakee Estate. A large Victorian house was built here in the early nineteenth century by Luke White.

Period examples include Bodoni, Didot, and Walbaum. Computer Modern is a popular contemporary example. The very popular Century is a softened version of the same basic design, with reduced contrast. Didone typefaces achieved dominance of printing in the early nineteenth-century printing before declining in popularity in the second half of the century and especially in the twentieth as new designs and revivals of old-style faces emerged.

Solo or Sans Prendre and probably originated from an attempt to play Tapp Tarock with a standard pack of, initially, Württemberg pattern cards. It is one of a family of similar games that include Bavarian Tarock, the Austrian games of Bauerntarock and Dobbm, and the American game of Frog. Although probably first played in the early nineteenth century, the game of Tapp is still a local pastime in its native Württemberg.

Mast from the trees supplied nourishment to both people and wildlife. In 1906 a fungus from China was introduced that killed 3.5 billion trees with a devastating effect on those who had come to depend on it. In 1938, The New Castle district had an estimated 15,000 – 20,000 cords of dead chestnut. Between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, industrial woodcutting supplied charcoal firing for iron making.

Needler Hall, to the right part of the original house can be seen, to the left is the wing constructed . The oldest part of Needler Hall was formerly known as Northfields House and was built soon after 1780, it was extended with the construction of a south-facing wing around 1820.Bamford, p. 54. The house served as a private asylum for the insane in the early nineteenth century.

The Gill–Morris Farm is a historic farmstead near the city of Circleville in Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. Established in the early nineteenth century, it has been named a historic site. In 1798, U.S. President John Adams appointed a Mr. Winship the Registrar of Lands in the south-central portion of the Northwest Territory. Winship acquired an area of within this region, which he divided among three of his sons.

The RIC presided over a marked decline in general crime around the country. The unstable rural unrest of the early nineteenth century characterised by secret organisations and unlawful armed assembly was effectively controlled. Policing generally became a routine of controlling misdemeanours such as moonshine distilling, public drunkenness, minor theft, and wilful property crimes. A Land War broke out in the 1879–82 Depression period, causing some general unrest.

Highland Loch Landscape by Alexander Nasmyth The effect of Romanticism can also be seen in the works of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century artists including Henry Raeburn (1756–1823), Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840) and John Knox (1778–1845). Raeburn was the most significant artist of the period to pursue his entire career in Scotland, born in Edinburgh and returning there after a trip to Italy in 1786.

Fire Island is a barrier island off the southern shore of Long Island in New York state. In 1869, the Long Island Rail Road expanded to nearby Patchogue, initiating settlement on Fire Island. Ferries were built to accommodate visitors, and by the early nineteenth century, Fire Island hosted several resorts, including Cherry Grove. By the late 1920s, the island was a popular and welcoming destination for the LGBT community.

The Saracen Army outside Paris, 730–32, in an early-nineteenth- century depiction by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Between 718 and 732, Charles secured his power through a series of victories. Having unified the Franks under his banner, Charles was determined to punish the Saxons who had invaded Austrasia. Therefore, late in 718, he laid waste their country to the banks of the Weser, the Lippe, and the Ruhr.

" Scott adds, "Early nineteenth-century opera... is not merely the antithesis of reality, it also requires highly stylized acting. Callas had the perfect face for it. Her big features matched its grandiloquence and spoke volumes from a distance." In regard to Callas's physical acting style, Nicola Rescigno states, "Maria had a way of even transforming her body for the exigencies of a role, which is a great triumph.

Later the capital was returned to Washington. As the state's population center shifted to the north and east with more settlers entering the area, the legislature voted to move the capital to the more centrally located city of Jackson in 1822. In 1830 the population of Natchez was 2,789. Throughout the course of the early nineteenth century, Natchez was the center of economic activity for the young state.

In the early nineteenth century, itinerant artists would stencil walls in exchange for room and board. These artists would cut patterns from thin wood or heavy paper and use them to decorate walls and furniture. Stencil House’s parlor, dining room, and entrance hall exhibit a variety of stenciled patterns, including a grape leaf border, vases of flowers, and patriotic eagles, while Dutton House’s rooms and hallways reflect their original stenciled patterns.

The Normande originated in Normandy in the early nineteenth century. It resulted from cross-breeding of local dairy breeds including the Augeronne, the Cauchoise and the Cotentine (all now extinct) with animals of the Durham breed (later known as the Shorthorn), which were imported from England from 1836 onwards. The French population of the Alderney breed was also absorbed into the Normande. A herd-book was started in 1883.

The original southern doorway was less important and similar in style, but with chamfered jambs. The northern end of the east wall abuts the north range with a straight joint, while the joint of the north range with the west wall is obscured by plaster. The doorway in the east wall has been rebuilt in brick. The west wall of the hall is castellated and probably early nineteenth century.

"Waves" maki-e panel by Shibata Zeshin, from the Khalili Collection of Japanese Art Early nineteenth-century economic hardship decreased the demand for gold- or silver-decorated lacquerwares. The Meiji era saw a renewed interest in lacquer as artists developed new designs and experimented with new textures and finishes. Foremost among these was Shibata Zeshin, who has been called "Japan's greatest lacquerer".Earle, Joe, "Zeshin Redux", Orientations, Vol.

In 1280 he bought the lands which were then called the Rath, and were subsequently called Baggotrath or Baggotstrath. He built Baggotrath Castle, which passed from the Bagods to the Fitzwilliam family. It was severely damaged during the English Civil War, allowed to fall into ruin by its owners, and demolished in the early nineteenth century. The family name is commemorated in Baggot Street and nearby Baggotrath Place.

A boxing match in 1914 between Freddie Welsh and Joe Rivers in Vernon, California In the early nineteenth century, there were no standard weight classes. In 1823, the Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue said the limit for a "light weight" was 12 stone (168 lb, 76.2 kg) while Sportsman's Slang the same year gave 11 stone (154 lb, 69.9 kg) as the limit.Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "light weight".

Charing Mill was built in the early nineteenth century. It was marked on the 1819-43 Ordnance Survey map and also on Greenwood's 1821 map of Kent. It was working until 1891, when the business was transferred to Field Watermill, although two new common sails had been erected on the mill by Holman's of Canterbury the year before. The sails were removed in 1917 after being damaged in a gale.

The overall collection includes quilts made from the early nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, representing a wide range of quilting styles, techniques, purposes and functions. Users can browse for quilts based on their time period, location of origin, style, purpose, or by the collection in which they are now housed, or search for specific quilts by a variety of metadata, including pattern, quilter and identification number.

These boats brought goods and passengers to and from Richmond and points beyond. Long a dream of early Virginians such as George Washington, who was a surveyor early in his career, the canal was never completed as envisioned. In the batteaux era, Milton was the head of navigation on the river. By the early nineteenth century, horse-drawn canal boats were traveling all the way upstream to Charlottesville.

Foresythe was born and died in London. His father was a West African barrister of Sierra Leone Creole descent and his mother was an Englishwoman of German descent. The Foresythe family descended from Charles Foresythe, a Sierra Leonean colonial official who settled in Lagos, Nigeria in the 1860s. Charles Foresythe was born in the early nineteenth century to a European army captain and a mother from Tasso Island, Sierra Leone.

The San Andreas Fault is a northwest-striking transform fault that accommodates motion between the Pacific and North American Plates. The Mendocino Triple Junction is an area of high seismicity, and marks its northern extremity at the Gorda Plate, which is subducting beneath the North American Plate. Three moderate events in the San Francisco Bay Area occurred on or near the San Andreas Fault in the early nineteenth-century.

Coton is a village in Shropshire. It lies near the road from Whitchurch to Wem, about one mile southeast of Hollinwood. Coton Hall, once home to Viscount Hill, is an important English heritage site. In the early nineteenth century it belonged to Admiral George Bowen but it subsequently passed to the Honyman baronets after Admiral Bowen's youngest daughter, Elizabeth Essex Bowen, married the Scottish baronet Sir Ord John Honyman.

1494–1575) is an important figure who wrote in modern Dutch. The Reformation appeared in Dutch literature in a collection of Psalm translations in 1540 and in a 1566 New Testament translation in Dutch. The best-known of all Dutch writers is the Catholic playwright and poet Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679). During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Low Countries had gone through major political upheaval.

An example of M16, ISO metric screw thread Standardization of screw threads has evolved since the early nineteenth century to facilitate compatibility between different manufacturers and users. The standardization process is still ongoing; in particular there are still (otherwise identical) competing metric and inch-sized thread standards widely used.ISO/TC/ 1 Business Plan, 2007-03-05, Version 1.3. Table 3: The market share of each screw thread, p. 7.

The simple, wooden church is typical of those built in the early nineteenth- century. The structure maintains its original appearance, with only modest changes in appearance due to the additions. The Raisin Valley Friends Meetinghouse is a single story clapboarded structure with simple corner boards, a thin classical cornice with returns, and a gable roof. An entrances is located at one end of the church, protected by a porch.

D.A. Brading, The First America, Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 510-511 Jovellanos's recommendations were not implemented in Spain, but did influence thinking about agrarian land reform in the viceroyalty of New Spain by Bishop Manuel Abad y Queipo in the early nineteenth century before its independence in 1821. In turn, his writings influenced Alexander von Humboldt's thinking and writing on land issues in Mexico.Brading, The First America, p. 565.

In its beginnings, the brewery produced three kinds of beer: mailings, yeast and tableware. Only the high quality beer was intended for sale, and the other two were a beer allowance drunk mainly by brewers and their families. In the early nineteenth century the brewery produced only two beverages: beer and Bavarian malt, both top-fermenting. Bavarian malt with a classical composition, saturated color was brown, sweet, and low-hopped.

Trifolium alexandrinum (Egyptian clover, berseem clover) is an annual clover cultivated mostly in irrigated sub-tropical regions, and used as leguminous crop. It is an important winter crop in Egypt, where it may have been cultivated since ancient times, and was introduced into northern India in the early nineteenth century. It is also grown in the United States and Europe. The plant reaches tall with erect or ascending stems.

In 1466, Elizabeth le Brun married Robert Barnewall, 1st Baron of Trimlestown. The Irish Civil Survey of 1654-56 recorded that the estate consisted of around 500 acres. It remained in the hands of the Trimlestown family until the early nineteenth century when parts were sold off. The surgeon Solomon Richards acquired land in the area of the estate known as Roebuck Grove from Baron Trimlestown in 1812.

Armadillo de los Infante is a town and municipality in San Luis Potosí in central Mexico. The name of the town is in honor of the Infante family, owners of the first printing company there, in the early nineteenth century. It is located at the center of the state and approximately 61 kilometers from the city of San Luis Potosí. The municipality is semi-warm climate with warm summer rains.

Smith Hill or Smithhill is an early nineteenth-century house situated about 1.5 km east of Elphin, County Roscommon, in Ardnagowan. It is believed that the poet, playwright and novelist Oliver Goldsmith may have been born in an earlier house on the site while his mother, Ann Goldsmith (née Jones), was visiting her parents, the Rev. Oliver Jones and wife. It was later the seat of the Rev.

The settlement's present appearance dates from the early nineteenth century. Thomas Bateman rebuilt the entire village in the 1820s, incorporating the mullioned windows of earlier buildings to retain something of its traditional appearance. The small parish church also dates from this period, and Bateman rebuilt Middleton Hall as his own residence. Bateman's grandson, the archaeologist also named Thomas Bateman, lived in the village, and built Lomberdale Hall as his residence.

Cardigan is an ancient borough which had its own municipal council from the early nineteenth century. In 1889, Cardiganshire County Council was formed although the former county town was rarely the venue for its meetings. Levi James, one of the town's two inaugural county councillors, was immediately made an alderman and became the second chairman of the council. Cardigan is a significant regional administrative centre for West Wales.

Many Minangkabau people worked as intermediary traders for the Srivijaya empire, the Sultanate of Aceh and the Sultanate of Malacca. Minangkabau merchants built trading posts along the west coast of Sumatra from Meulaboh to Bengkulu. During the latter part of the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, Minangkabau businesspeople developed a flourishing trade in gambier, coffee, and textiles. This led to conflicts with both local rulers and the Dutch.

The community was settled in the early nineteenth century primarily by people of French descent,McIntosh, W.H. The History of Darke County, Ohio: Containing A History of the County; its Cities, Towns, etc.; General and Local Statistics; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men; History of the Northwest Territory; History of Ohio; Map of Darke County; Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc., etc. Chicago: W.H. Beers, 1880, 416.

From 1639 onward, the Dutch had been the only western power allowed to trade in Japan. By the early nineteenth century other western powers also attempted to gain access to Japan. On 8 July 1853 the American Commodore Perry visited Japan for the first time, and threatened to use force if Japan would not open up to trade. Shortly after, Japan asked the Netherlands for ships to counter the threat.

In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century the revival entered a second wave, known in the US as the Second Great Awakening. The early revival had mainly spread in the Central Belt, but the second revival became increasingly important in the Highlands and Islands. It was reflected in events like the Kilsyth Revival in 1839,M. Lynch, Scotland: a New History (London: Pimlico, 1992), , p. 401.

The area was settled in the early nineteenth century by Irish, Scottish and English immigrants. To the east of Stonehaven are Grande Anse and Caraquet, which were settled by Acadians. Industry in Stonehaven in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries included quarrying of sandstone for grindstones by the Read Stone Company, family farming, inshore fishing, and lobster canning. With the depletion of cod stocks, fishing is largely confined to lobster.

They stand four storeys high and cover over 5600 square feet. Designed by George Basevi in the early nineteenth century, they were built by Charles James Freake between 1844 and 1845. At the end of the century, 1 Sydney Place changed from a residential to a commercial building. Until its acquisition by an interior designer company in 2017, the building had been home to a branch of HSBC bank.

Coutts sponsorship focuses on causes and organisations that share the Coutts values and traditions. In the early nineteenth century, Thomas Coutts became a shareholder of the Royal Opera House. Today, Coutts sponsors productions at the theatre, such as the 2013 production of La rondine. Since May 2011, Coutts has also been the principal sponsor of the Royal Court Theatre, the UK's leading new writing theatre based in Sloane Square.

This intra-tribal Tui Kaba conflict led to the 1832 usurpation and seven year banishment of Tanoa. Since European contact in the early nineteenth century the position of Bauan war lord had gained significant power along Fiji’s eastern coast and windward islands. Sibling vasu rivalry was rife for the title of Vunivalu. Tanoa it seems had set up a rival chiefdom to his brother Naulivou’s Bauan chiefdom in Lasakau.

Tradition also states that a buffalo led the Emperor Fasilides to a pool beside the Angereb, where an "old and venerable hermit" told the Emperor he would locate his capital there. Fasilides had the pool filled in and built his castle on that same site.Richard K.P. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns: From the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 117.

In the early nineteenth century, Pierre-Gabriel Dumenge owned some lands in La Croix-Rousse. He yielded to the city of Lyon some of them which were necessary to align the street. In 1812, on a two-acre field, he built an estate called Clos Dumenge, which provided building-workshops specially designed for weavers (the canuts). They are particularly bright and high in order to house the looms.

As for the uses the Church put this ten percent of the agrarian output subject to it, it has been argued that rather being spent on "unproductive" activities that the Church had a greater liquidity that could be translated into credit for enterprises.Coatsworth, Obstacles to Economic Growth, p. 90. Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral. The Catholic Church was a major economic force during the colonial era and early nineteenth century.

A view of Ternate occupied by the regiment in the early nineteenth century The regiment next took part in expedition to the Dutch East Indies seeing action at the capture of Amboyna in February 1796 and its recapture in February 1810, the capture of Ternate in April 1801 and its recapture in August 1810 and the capture of Banda in March 1796 and its recapture in August 1810.

In the early nineteenth century, Oak Hill matured into a vigorous industrial hamlet with highly productive mills and many fashionable homes. The establishment of the first settlement in Durham is credited to three men, Lucas DeWitt, John Plank, and Hendrick Plank. These pioneers established homes at what was then called DeWittsburg, now Oak Hill. The American Revolution forced the pioneers to temporarily abandon their homes until the end of the war.

The Codfish Musket is a children's historical novel by Agnes Hewes. Set in the early nineteenth century, the action ranges from Boston and Washington to the western frontier in a tale of gun theft and trading.[The Newbery Companion by John Thomas Gillespie and Corinne J. Naden, p. 87 The novel, illustrated by Armstrong Sperry was first published in 1936 and was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1937.

It was constructed on public lands, under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Long participating in the Masons, a fraternal organization that expanded in the early nineteenth century, in 1808 Putnam was elected the first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons of Ohio. Mound Cemetery, Marietta, Ohio Putnam died on May 4, 1824. He was buried at Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio.

Her paternal grandfather was John Cornelius, Oneida chief and brother of Jacob Cornelius, chief of the Orchard faction of Oneidas.Thomas Henry Ryan, History of Outagamie County, Wisconsin, (hereinafter "Thomas Henry Ryan"), Part 15, 1911, p.1059-1061. Her maternal grandfather was Chief Daniel Bread, who helped find land for his people after the Oneidas were forcibly removed from New York State to Wisconsin in the early nineteenth century.

In the early nineteenth century, Quakers in North Carolina used trusts to free slaves. At the time, North Carolina had adopted laws restricting the ability of slaveowners to free their slaves. To get around these laws individual Quakers began entrusting their slaves to their church. The Quaker organization held on to the slaves in conditions of virtual freedom, until it could obtain the legal freedom of the slave.

Lithography (invented by Alois Senefelder in1798 and made public in 1818) allowed for more textual variety and accuracy. This is because the artist could now draw directly on the printing plate itself. New techniques developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries revolutionized book illustrations and put new resources at the disposal of artists and designers. In the early nineteenth century, the photogravure process allowed for photographs to be reproduced in books.

Kenya is a country that has been considered to be extremely multilingual since the early nineteenth century. There are many different estimates for the ranges of indigenous languages, which is also difficult because many have not been “codified”.(Abdulaziz 1982; Whiteley, 1974) As noted when stating statistics with the Development Of The Language in Education Policy there were only 8 indigenous languages that had a textbook produced as late as 1949.

A. D. Harvey, Britain in the early nineteenth century (B T Batsford Ltd, 1978), p. 125. William Hazlitt, a political opponent of Burke, regarded him as amongst his three favourite writers (the others being Junius and Rousseau) and made it "a test of the sense and candour of any one belonging to the opposite party, whether he allowed Burke to be a great man".Lock, Burke's Reflections, p. 175.

A picture of the Orange Order headquarters in New York City during the 1871 riot. Participation in the Orange Institution was not as large in the United States as it was in Canada. In the early nineteenth century, the post-Revolutionary republican spirit of the new United States attracted exiled Protestant United Irishmen such as Wolfe Tone and others.Kerby A. Millar, Emigrants and Exiles, Oxford University Press, USA (1988), pg 186.

Bennabi was born in Constantine, Algeria in 1905. Educated in Paris and Algiers in engineering, he later based himself in Cairo, where he spent much of his time working extensively in the fields of history, philosophy and sociology. In 1963, after returning to Algeria, he witnessed modern scientific inventions and technological creations unfold before his eyes. This spurred him to reflect on the question of culture in the early nineteenth century.

According to Harry Golombek, "Odds-giving reached its heyday in the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century."Harry Golombek, Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess, Crown Publishers, 1977, p. 218. Indeed, it was so prevalent in the 18th century that Philidor (1726–1795) played the vast majority of his games at odds. About fifteen percent of the known games of Paul Morphy (1837–1884) are games in which he gave odds.

Women were arrested less frequently than men, but they were still about a quarter of total arrests. Women were arrested for violence, mainly violence against other women.Scardaville, "Crime and the Urban Poor", p. 162. An early nineteenth-century lithograph by Claudio Linati shows two Indian women fighting, each with a baby on her back.Claudio Linati, Costumes civils, militaires et religieux du Mexique’, "Dispute de deux Indiennes", plate 14.

In 1790 Changbhakar zamindari or estate was carved out of Korea State. After the Anglo-Maratha war in the early nineteenth century, Changbhakar became a tributary state of British India. Changbhakar estate was recognized as a state in 1819 and was placed under the Chota Nagpur Tributary States in 1821. In October 1905, it was transferred and brought under the control of the Commissioner of Chhattisgarh division of Central Provinces.

Mainland Southeast Asia (or the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. The term Indochina (originally Indo-China) was coined in the early nineteenth century.

Mount Healthy windmill Mount Healthy windmill is a ruined windmill on the north side of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. It was formerly used during the plantation era of the Territory to crush sugar cane. After the collapse of the sugar economy in the early nineteenth century the windmill fell into disuse and became a ruin. It crushed cane for the sugar mill and rum distillery in nearby Brewer's Bay.

Routh's theorem gives the area of the triangle formed by three cevians in the case that they are not concurrent. Ceva's theorem can be obtained from it by setting the area equal to zero and solving. The analogue of the theorem for general polygons in the plane has been known since the early nineteenth century. The theorem has also been generalized to triangles on other surfaces of constant curvature.

Studies of historical geology and paleobotany have shown that the flora and fauna of the Eastern Forest Region remained essentially unchanged for thousands of years. This began to change after the arrival of European- American settlers in the early nineteenth century. They removed trees for timber and to open land for subsistence farming and commercial farming. The cave is populated by both the brown bat and northern long ear bat.

John Astor studied at Columbia College, graduating in 1839, and the University of Göttingen, following which he went to Harvard Law School, graduating in 1842. He practiced law for a year, to qualify for assisting in the management of his family's immense estate, one half of which later descended to him. It was based on his paternal grandfather's achieving a monopoly in the lucrative fur trade in the early nineteenth century.

Montague Ainslie (28 April 1792 – 1 February 1884) was an English forester and businessman whose interests included the iron ore company Harrison Ainslie. Ainslie was educated at Hawkshead Grammar School and at Sedbergh School. In the early nineteenth century, he inherited the Grizedale Estate from his parents, Henry Ainslie and Agnes Ford. In 1841 he converted Ford Lodge into a larger residence which became known as Grizedale New Hall.

James Epstein, Understanding the Cap of Liberty: Symbolic Practice and Social Conflict in Early Nineteenth-Century England, Past & Present No. 122 (Feb. 1989), pp. 75–118, at p. 110. Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of The Past and Present Society Ethelston defended William Robert Hay in the Manchester Gazette on 25 September 1819, complaining of the ad hominem attacks made on all those who opposed reformers.

Hacienda La Sauceda, colonial style, built by the Jesuits in the seventeenth century. Parish Canatlán colonial style, built in the eighteenth century and rebuilt twice, the first in the early nineteenth century and the second in 1914. Helmet Guatimapé hacienda and church in ruins, colonial style, the eighteenth century, municipal presidency in 1934 and school J. Guadalupe Aguilera, colonial, with adaptations carried out at the beginning of this century.

In the early nineteenth century some developments led to an urgent need for a dry dock in the Dutch East Indies. The size and length of ships made them ever more vulnerable to some of the undesired effects of careening. The practice of coppering ships made them more economical, but careening was very bad for the copper sheathing. Therefore the required regular inspection could only be done in a dry dock.

During the early nineteenth century, the 'Gunwharf' supplied the fleet with a "grand arsenal" of cannons, mortars, bombs, and ordnance. Although gunpowder was not provided due to safety concerns, it could be obtained at Priddy's Hard (near Gosport). An armoury sold small arms to soldiers, and the stone frigate also had blacksmith and carpenter shops for armourers. It was run by three officers: a viz (storekeeper), a clerk, and a foreman.

The firm of Messrs. Bean and Johnson altered it in the early nineteenth century, after which silk and lace thread was produced. A small community was established around the mill, with cottages for some of the workers, of whom there were 70 in 1838, a general store, a public house and a mission hall. Willow for making baskets was grown in osier beds, and hops were also cultivated.

In approximately 1745 Richard Ford built a new home in Grizedale known as Ford Lodge situated 250 yards east of the old hall. His great-grandson Montague Ainslie who inherited Grizedale estate in the early nineteenth century turned his family's country cottage into a larger residence in 1841, which became known as Grizedale New Hall. It was pulled down around 1904 to make way for a large country house.

In vocal music the term voce faringea (Italian pronunciation: [ˈvotʃe farinˈdʒɛa]; also: pharyngeal voice) describes a historical singing practice developed and used especially by the bel canto tenors of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century to extend the upper range of the voice by modifying the falsetto, which is typically heard as a weak or feminine sound, into a vocal quality that is more tenoral and powerful.

Macaulay was appointed as a managing agent of Macaulay and Babington, the largest European mercantile firm in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Kenneth Macaulay served in several positions of influence in the Colony of Sierra Leone during the early nineteenth century. He was appointed as a Member of the Colonial Council of Sierra Leone, and was hence styled as 'Honourable Macaulay'. Macaulay was also appointed as Acting-Governor of Sierra Leone.

The name Brehon's Chair was given to the monument in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century when all such monuments were being ascribed to the Druids.Fourwinds, p. 153. Excavations carried out in the area during the construction of the M50 motorway revealed cooking areas and hut sites as well as a food vessel inserted as a secondary burial. Located nearby was a similar monument which was destroyed in 1876.

Date accessed: 13 June 2012. From 1720 the owner of the Manor was Baron Onslow, whose title was elevated to an Earldom from a Barony in the early nineteenth century and who were frequent MPs for Guildford. Lilac Cottage, co- listed with New Inn Farmhouse, a 17th-century building on London Road with modern extensions and Pimms Row are the listed buildings in the area, with two more in Abbotswood.

In the early nineteenth century, skiing simply started off as a way for people to move from one point to another, especially, in snowy winter months with limited mobility. The first persons who used skis were trappers, miners and mountain dwellers.Salt Lake Tribune, Jan. 15. 1992 In mining towns such as Alta, which on average received five-hundred inches on snow per year, skis were an essential means of transportation.

The Pfarr Log House is a log cabin located near the village of Milford in rural Clermont County, Ohio, United States. Built in the early nineteenth century, it provides a pivotal representation of the area's earliest built environment, and it has been named a historic site. Although primarily a log building, the house rests on a stone foundation; the roof is metal,, Ohio Historical Society, 2007. Accessed 2014-02-09.

Significant acquisitions have greatly increased the Museum's collection of British eighteenth and early nineteenth-century paintings and miniatures. In 1955 the Museum received ten pictures from the bequest of Ernest E Cook, grandson of the travel entrepreneur Thomas Cook. These included works by Gainsborough, Stubbs and Turner. Mid-eighteenth century portraits of the Sargent family by Allan Ramsay came with the bequest of Sir Orme Sargent in 1962.

As the frontier moved north, Deerfield became another colonial town with an unquiet early history. In 1753 Greenfield was set off and incorporated. During the early nineteenth century, Deerfield's role in agricultural production of the Northeast declined. It was overtaken by the rapid development of the Midwestern United States into the nation's breadbasket, with transportation to eastern markets and New York City enhanced by construction of the Erie Canal.

The Defense of Baltimore - Assembling of the Troops, painted by Thomas Ruckle c1814 or 1815. The Battle of North Point, Lithograph based on the original painting by Thomas Ruckle c1814 or 1815. Thomas Ruckle (1776-1853) was a house painter and sign painter in early nineteenth-century Baltimore, Maryland, and an amateur painter. He is best known for his paintings The Battle of North Point, and The Defense of Baltimore.

The mill in 2008 In 1291 a water powered pump was at work here, draining the marshland between Lingfield and Edenbridge. The present corn mill building dates to the early nineteenth century, but incorporates parts of an older structure. The cast iron low breastshot waterwheel drove three pairs of stones. The mill last ground by water sometime before the First World War, and was working by electricity into the 1970s.

Other changes were made in 1959, when a small storm porch was added inside the main entrance. The chapel is now Grade II listed. A garden formerly laid outside the chapel, but this was removed in 1929, when the road was widened. At the same time, the early nineteenth century village stocks were then moved to lie in front of the building, and these are now also Grade II listed.

St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church in Hanover, Indiana. Late nineteenth or early twentieth-century view of St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church in Hanover, Indiana. Although the Hanover was largely founded by Presbyterians, people of other religious persuasions soon began moving into the area. In the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains as a whole, Baptists and Methodists largely outnumbered Presbyterians during the early nineteenth century.

Santa Maria in Brera was a church in Milan, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It was built by the Humiliati between 1180 and 1229, given a marble façade and Gothic portal by Giovanni di Balduccio in the fourteenth century, and deconsecrated and partly demolished under Napoleonic rule in the early nineteenth century. The Napoleonic rooms of the Pinacoteca di Brera occupy the upper floor of what was the nave.

First Unitarian Church is a historic congregation of the Unitarian Universalist Association in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Founded in the early nineteenth century, it survived a series of division and reunifications in the nineteenth century. Among the people who have worshipped in its historic church building on the city's northern side are many members of the Taft family, including William Howard Taft, the President of the United States.

The Manchester Guardian was founded in 1821, and in 1823 Taylor gave up his partnership with Shuttleworth, dealing in cotton, twist and weft, to become its full-time editor. In 1824 the Circle took control of the Manchester Gazette, with Prentice becoming its editor. In 1828 Prentice and the Circle's vehicle shifted to the Manchester Times.Michael J. Turner, Before the Manchester School: Economic Theory in Early Nineteenth- Century Manchester, History Vol.

Although religious laws existed prohibiting same-sex love and relationships, expressions were common in both Orthodox Christian and Islamic society.Pre gotovo 200 godina Srbija je iz budžeta plaćala mlade gejeve da budu ljubavnici TurcimaPeter Drucker, "Byron and Ottoman Love: Orientalism, Europeanization and Same-Sex Sexualities in the early nineteenth-century Levant," Journal of European Studies 42 (2012) 145Dror Ze’evi, "Hiding Sexuality: The Disappearance of Sexual Discourse in the Late Ottoman Middle East," The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice 49 (2005) 43 The primary expression of same-sex love for Orthodox Christians were brotherhood unions known as "Pobratimstvo" (Adelphopoiesis).Nik Jovčić-Sas, 2018, "The Tradition of Homophobia: Responses to Same-Sex Relationships in Serbian Orthodoxy from the Nineteenth century to the Present day," In: Chapman, Mark, Janes, Dominic. "New Approaches in History and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire" London: Palgrave Macmillan, 55-77p The early nineteenth century saw a time of relative turmoil for Serbia, with sporadic periods of stability.

The decline of Aleppo which was followed by the decline of Venice itself in the early 19th century saw a brand of the Belilios family establish itself in Basra to take advantage of the booming ocean trade with British India and then now intermarried with the leading families of the older Ladino speaking elite of Aleppo such as the Lanyado family move onwards to Calcutta and Singapore. By the early nineteenth century the Belilios no longer operated as a united family and those established in the Far East were more modest merchants. This brought the Belilios family from being dominant players in the Western Sepahrdic world to outsiders in the flourishing Baghdadi Jewish diaspora, with who they intermarried including with the Gubbay and Judah families that were prominent in Calcutta. By the early nineteenth century the Belilios family established in the Far East has assimilated to Baghdadi Jewish culture and were primarily Arabic and English speaking.

The word "offside" comes from a military term for a man trapped behind enemy lines, where he is said to be "off the strength of his side". Offside rules date back to codes of football developed at English public schools in the early nineteenth century. These offside rules were often much stricter than in modern games. In some of them, a player was "off his side" if he were standing in front of the ball.

Jagannath Temple in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, was built by king of Barkagarh Jagannathpur Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo, in 1691. Completed on December 25, 1691, it is located about 10 km from the main town. The temple is on top of a small hillock. An early nineteenth century photograph of the Jagannath temple of Ranchi Similar to the famous Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha, this temple is built in the same architectural style, although smaller.

The final lock on this section is Mans Bridge Lock, shortly after the modern crossing by the M27 motorway. The cut then rejoins the main river, and passes under the A27 road. The current bridge was constructed in 1975, and replaced a bailey bridge erected during the Second World War. Just below it is a single arched stone bridge dating from the early nineteenth century, which was the original course of the road.

Grand Hotel (Calcutta) in 1903s The site where the hotel now stands was first developed at No. 13 Chowringhee Road as the private residence of a Colonel Grand in the early nineteenth century. The house was converted into a boarding house by Mrs. Annie Monk who later expanded her business to include Numbers 14, 15 and 17. 16 Chowringhee was occupied by a theatre owned and managed by Arathoon Stephen, an Armenian from Isfahan.

These were largely conventional Palladian style houses that incorporated some external features of the Scots baronial style.I. D. Whyte and K. A. Whyte, The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1800 (London: Taylor & Francis, 1991), , p. 100. Important for the adoption of the revival in the early nineteenth century was Abbotsford House, the residence of Walter Scott. Re-built for him from 1816, it became a model for the modern revival of the baronial style.

Some items are brought to the policy agenda by events that simply demand immediate attention. Faced with struggling farmers and hungry children, the federal government began providing funding in 1935 to purchase farm products to provide school lunches. The National School Lunch Program did exactly resemble what many had hoped it would. In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century the science of nutrition was struggling to find its place in American culture.

Serafino Raffaele Minich or Serafin Rafael Minić (December 8, 1808 – May 29, 1883) was a Croatian-Italian mathematician. Minić was born in Venice. His father, a sea captain from Prčanj, settled in the early nineteenth century in Venice where Minić has spent his entire life. After receiving a degree in mathematics at the University of Padua, in 1830 he started working at the University as an assistant, and since 1842 as a lecturer.

Kingswood Warren is a battlemented gothic mansion to the south of the village, much enlarged in the early nineteenth century by the architect T.R. Knowles for its owner Thomas Alcock M.P. From 1948 until 2010 it was used to house the BBC's Research and Development department.Kingswood Warren Octagon Developments completed the purchase of Kingswood Warren on 1 March 2010 and it gives its name to the garden estate of south Upper Kingswood.

Crossroads Church of Christ in 1967 The ICoC has its roots in a movement that reaches back to the period of the Second Great Awakening (1790–1870) of early nineteenth-century America. Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell are credited with what is today known as the Stone-Campbell or Restoration Movement. There are a number of branches of the Restoration movement and the ICoC was formed from within the Churches of Christ.Stanback, C. Foster.

Publications include the Works of John Wilson, edited by P. J. Ferrier (12 volumes, Edinburgh, 1855–59); the Noctes Ambrosianœ, edited by R. S. Mackenzie (five volumes, New York, 1854); a Memoir by his daughter, M. W. Gordon (two volumes, Edinburgh, 1862); and for a good estimate, G. Saintsbury, in Essays in English Literature (London, 1890); and C. T. Winchester, "John Wilson," in Group of English Essayists of the Early Nineteenth Century (New York, 1910).

The Tobagonian economy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was completely dependent on slavery, both for plantation and domestic labour. Slaves also provided labour as artisans, on fishing boats and merchant ships, and helped man the island's defensive fortifications. Sugar production dominated the island's economy, and more than 90% of the enslaved population was employed on the sugar estates. The remainder were employed in Scarborough or Plymouth, largely as domestic servants.

Upton (born 1930), part of the old parish of Upton-cum-Chalvey (in the south of the modern Borough), was an original ward which has existed in some form continuously since 1930. In the early nineteenth century Upton was a village about a mile and a half south-east of the hamlet of Slough. It is a three-seat ward. Upton was the most Conservative area of Slough until demographic change made Labour competitive.

Volterra still lacked a proper indoor performance stage in the early nineteenth century. In 1816 a group of citizens, including cavaliere Bartolommeo Falchi, cavaliere Mario Maffei, Luigi Ducci, Francesco Cinci, and Luigi Campani, commissioned the architect Luigi Campani (an architect of the Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany). The theater was erected on the site of the palazzo belonging to Marchesi Incontri. Work began in 1816 and the theater was inaugurated in 1820.

In the early nineteenth century, farmers in Gieten had to take their corn to Eext, Gasselte or Annerveen to be ground. In 1805, two builders from Oosterhesselen who had been restoring the church at Gieten proposed that a windmill should be built. Although there were many supporters there were also a lot of objectors to the plan. Among the objectors were Messrs Braams, Hiddingh and Grevelink, millers at Eext, Gasselte and Annerveen respectively.

Juxtaposed white, green, yellow and red pigments. The drops of water running down the bodies of the damned are painted in a manner seldom seen up to and including the early nineteenth century. Four different, unmixed pigments, in discretely applied quantities comprise the image of one drop and its shadow. White is used for highlighting, strokes of yellow and green respectively denote the length of the drop, and the shadow is red.

Florida Keys wreckers Cooley maintained friendly relations and trade with the Seminole Indians in the area. In the early nineteenth century, Creek Indians had moved from Alabama and joined the Seminoles. In 1835, white settlers killed Creek chief Alibama and burned his hut in a dispute. As Justice of the Peace, Cooley jailed the settlers, but they were released due to insufficient evidence after a hearing at the Monroe County Court in Key West.

This is list of the Bible translations to Chinese language. Bible translations into Chinese began with unpublished manuscripts by individual Roman Catholic priests in the sixteenth century and individual Protestant missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The first complete translation to be published was that of Joshua Marshman in 1813, followed by that of Robert Morrison in 1823. A group of Protestant missionaries in Hong Kong in 1843 started a collaborative translation.

The Transfiguration of the Lord ChurchTransfiguration of the Lord Church () It is a Catholic church in Tver, belonging to the Archdiocese of the Mother of God in Moscow in the Russian Federation, built between 1994 and 2002. The Catholic parish of Tver existed since the early nineteenth century. In 1864, a larger room with bodies, a presbytery and a church was built vast library. The church was confiscated in 1920 and disjointed library.

In biological classification, a species inquirenda is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English- language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term taxon inquirendum is broader in meaning and refers to an incompletely defined taxon of which the taxonomic validity is uncertain or disputed by different experts or is impossible to identify the taxon. Further characterization is required.

Historically, the land that Center Line came to occupy was swamp and wilderness until the early nineteenth century. As land became scarce, French, German, Belgian, and Irish immigrants began clearing the forests and draining the swamps. Center Line was known as Kunrod's Corner during the mid-nineteenth century. The theory is that the French named it Center Line because it was the middle of three Potowatomi trails from Fort Detroit to northern trading posts.

An early nineteenth century Japanese loom with several heddles which the weaver controls with her foot A loom from the back, in the process of warping, showing a shaft of threaded heddles. Within wire heddles there is a large variety in quality. Heddles should have a smooth eye, with no sharp edges to either catch or fray (and thus weaken) the warp. The warp must be able to slide through the heddle without impairment.

Historical events of the early nineteenth century were responsible for perpetuating fears of xenophobia. The novel was written shortly after a major slave revolt in Saint- Domingue. The presence of this subverted power relationship in the novel paired with the demonic description of the Moorish character reflects a fear of future slave revolts. "Zofloya was written during a period of intense anxiety about slave revolt, especially the cataclysmic rebellion in Saint- Domingue".

In 1701 the canal was deepened and widened to allow the passage of ocean-going ships. At the same time the number of locks on the canal was reduced to one. Floodgates were also fitted to the canal entrance. These improvements led to the canal being highly successful until demand for access declined with the end of the wool trade in the early nineteenth century and later with the rise of the railways.

At the Dissolution Henry VIII gave the abbey to Sir Thomas Leigh, who pulled off the roof and sold it and anything else he could and reduced the church to a ruin. Ownership passed through many secular hands, in which it still remains. Much of the cloister buildings remain either incorporated into Calder Abbey House, now a largely early-nineteenth century structure that is still a private residence,Grade 1 listed. Overhead views .

He was the author of the extremely popular song at the time called "The Noodle", possibly his only song. In the early nineteenth century various volunteer forces were formed, among them the "Newcastle Volunteer Corps of Yeomanry". Many people considered that they were there to protect the "rich and privileged" and not the country against invasion. The populace showed their feelings by giving them the nickname "The Noodles" and the name seemed to stick.

James O’Connell established himself at Killarney (County Kerry, Ireland) in the early nineteenth century, leasing lands from the Herbert family of Muckross House.Connell NUI Galway - Landed Estates Database - (Estate) O'Connell On 29 October 1869 he was created a "Baronet of Lakeview and of Ballybeggan". In 1870 Sir James O’Connell built "Lakeview House", replacing an earlier house called "Lakeville". It was built in 1740 and located in the southern end of the townland of "Maulagh".

A 'backslanted' italic Didone typeface, made for display use by the Figgins foundry of London. The typeface is an example of the increasingly attention-grabbing, bold and dramatic fonts becoming popular in British display typography in the early nineteenth century. Left-leaning italics are now rare in Latin script, where they are mostly used for the occasional attention-grabbing effect. They were once more common, however, being used for example in legal documents.

The idea for La Recouvrance was originally conceived in 1990. She was modeled on the plans for Iris, which was designed by the French naval engineer Hubert in 1817. Originally, there had been five vessels built from Iris design, and these ships were employed in the early nineteenth century as courier vessels for the Navy. Eventually, their role was expanded to include surveillance and protection of merchant shipping off the African and West Indian coasts.

Ordnance Survey, 1:25,000 map Continuing eastwards, it is crossed by the A639 road, which follows the course of a Roman road at this point. The bridge is called Standing Flat bridge, and is just to the north of Thorpe Audlin. The next crossing is the B6474 as it enters Wentbridge. The grade II listed bridge has two arches, made of rockfaced magnesian limestone and sandstone ashlar blocks, and is probably early nineteenth century.

Upon his return to the university, Kheraskov immediately undertook several ambitious projects. In December 1778, he established a boarding school for young noblemen. The boarding school produced some of the most prominent Russian literary figures of the early nineteenth-century, such as Vasily Zhukovsky, Mikhail Lermontov, and Fyodor Tyutchev. In 1779, Kheraskov leased the university printing house to Nikolay Novikov for a period of ten years, which allowed him to greatly increase his publishing activity.

While in most sources Sachiel presides over Thursday, others do assign him to Monday or Friday. All associate him with the planet Jupiter; as such, in new age angel lore he can be invoked for matters involving money, finance, law, politics, and religion.Archangel Sachiel His sigil appears in Francis Barrett's The Magus, an early nineteenth century compendium of occult lore. It also appears in the 16th century treatise, The Complete Book of Magic Science.

During the British East India Company's rule in India in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, it was initially fairly common for British officers and soldiers to take local Indian wives and have Eurasian children. Many European women were barred from being with native men. Even so, there were still many Indian sepoy men who took European wives. Interracial marriages between European men and Indian women were very common during early colonial times.

"Upland Lao society". In Savada. The Lao Sung are the most recent migrants to Laos, having arrived from the north in a series of migrations beginning in the early nineteenth century. Hmong entered northwestern Vietnam from China prior to 1800, and early settlements in northeastern Laos were reported around the turn of the nineteenth century. Pioneering settlements gradually extended westward, crossing the Mekong around 1890 and reaching Tak in northern Thailand around 1930.

The Shūishū was an expansion of Fujiwara no Kintō's earlier anthology, the , compiled between 996 and 999. Until the early nineteenth century, it was mistakenly believed that the Shūishō was a selection of the best poems from the Shūishū, and so the former was more highly regarded.Keene 1999 : 284 The Shūi Wakashū is the first imperial anthology to include ,Cranston 1993 : 421 or waka composed by two poets - the earliest form of renga recorded.

Pearl Harbor in the 1880s. During the early nineteenth century, Pearl Harbor was not used for large ships due to its shallow entrance. The interest of United States in the Hawaiian Islands grew as a result of its whaling, shipping and trading activity in the Pacific. As early as 1820, an "Agent of the United States for Commerce and Seamen" was appointed to look after American business in the Port of Honolulu.

The author's credibility was challenged as soon as the book first appeared. Detractors accused Foxe of dealing falsely with the evidence, of misusing documents, and of telling partial truths. In every case that he could clarify, Foxe corrected errors in the second edition and third and fourth, final version (for him). In the early nineteenth century the charges were taken up again by a number of authors, most importantly Samuel Roffey Maitland.

Kiliwa willow baskets at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City Information about the cultural practices of the pre-contact Kiliwa comes from a variety of sources. These include accounts of early explorers, such as Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo and Sebastián Vizcaíno; from late eighteenth and early nineteenth century observers, such as Luis Sales and José Longinos Martínez; and from twentieth century ethnographers, including Peveril Meigs, William D. Hohenthal, and Jesús Ángel Ochoa Zazueta.

In the British and European context, theatrical troupes ("playing companies") were all-male, with the female parts undertaken by boy players. A variety of historical figures are known to have cross-dressed to varying degrees. Many women found they had to disguise themselves as men in order to participate in the wider world. For example, Margaret King cross-dressed in the early nineteenth century to attend medical school, as none would accept female students.

During the early nineteenth century there were frequent Navajo raids into Mexican territory and attacks on traders using the Santa Fe Trail, and counter-raids by the Mexicans, often for the purpose of slavery. In 1804 the Navajos made attacks on the Spanish military post at Cebolletta, and on nearby settlements. They were trying to recover their grazing land at the foot of Mount Taylor, their sacred Turquoise Mountain. In 1805 the Spanish Lt. Col.

The Cabo Noval Gardens (formerly the Orchard of the Prioress), in the East Plaza. The smaller building in the middle of the photograph is the Royal Monastery of the Incarnation. The Gardens of the Prioress were destroyed in the early nineteenth century. The Gardens (or Orchard) of the Prioress were the result of a redesign of the grounds to the north and west of the Royal Alcázar, at the start of the seventeenth century.

Haqqi was born on January 7, 1905 in the Cairo neighborhood of Zainab to a middle-class Turkish Muslim family. His ancestors had emigrated from Turkey to Greece, and one of the sons of that family, Ibrahim Haqqi (d. 1890), Yahya's grandfather, moved to Egypt in the early nineteenth century. Ibrahim Haqqi worked in Damietta for a period of time, and had three sons: Muhammad Ibrahim (Yahya's father), Mahmoud Taher, and Kamal.

The original owner of the land on which the Blenheim estate is currently located was Captain Rezin Samuel Willcoxon, a veteran of the War of 1812 who, in the early nineteenth century, began to accumulate much land in what is present-day Fairfax, Virginia. At one point, Willcoxon owned over one-thousand acres of land in the area. Rezin married his first wife, Elizabeth DeNeale, in 1805. The couple would have ten children.

Mark Twain includes an amusing account of the city in his More Tramps Abroad, chapter 53-56 (Chatto and Windus, 1898).Murray's 'A Handbook for Travellers in India Burma and Ceylon, 1924, page 66. Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem, Benares, (1831) represents the very negative view of the English in the early Nineteenth Century towards all the trappings of religious practice found in the city at that time. This probably derives from a Protestant outlook.

The east window which depicts St George; Louis Comfort Tiffany St Peter's Church was built in the early nineteenth century on the site of a medieval church. Built into the east gable are three Class I Pictish symbol stones and a Class III Pictish cross. The present church dates from 1808, however the first St Peter's church was referred to as early as 1178. The church displays some Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass windows.

Newport () is a suburb of the town of Launceston in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Originally a separate settlement, Newport is immediately north of the town from which it is separated by the River Kensey.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 201 Plymouth & Launceston Until the early nineteenth century, the Newport constituency elected two Members to the Unreformed House of Commons. However, the constituency was abolished as a rotten borough by the Reform Act 1832.

Small communities of criminals, fugitive slaves, and Filipinos commonly found refuge along Lake Borgne in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The settlement of Saint Malo was established, by some accounts, as early as 1763 by Filipinos who deserted Spanish ships during the Manila galleon trade. It is also possible that the community was established later into the early nineteenth century. The Manilamen settled in the marshlands of Louisiana where no Spanish officials could reach them.

Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognizes two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed).

This includes forty tunes with extensive sets of variations. Some of the tunes correspond to later versions of known smallpipe tunes; others, with a nine-note compass, must have been played either on Border pipes or on an open-ended smallpipe, like the Scottish smallpipes. Billy Purvis (1784–1853) one of the last travelling minstrel pipers of the south of Scotland and the North East of England. Playing a Union pipe early-nineteenth century.

Consular relations between Russia and what became the modern state of Brazil date back to the early nineteenth century. With the French invasion of Portugal in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars, the Portuguese Court was transferred to its colony in Brazil. The new capital of the Portuguese Empire was thereafter in Rio de Janeiro. In early July 1811 Friedrich von der Pahlen was appointed envoy to the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro.

The origins of quarrying in the Lehigh Valley are obscured by conflicting evidence, although it is safest to say that it started near the town of Slateford in the early Nineteenth Century and moved toward Bangor over a fifty-year period. By 1929, the value of slate production in Pennsylvania was approximately 5 million dollars, accounting for almost half of the 11 million dollar value of slate production for the entire United States.

The printed Heldenbuch continued to dominate discussions into the early nineteenth century. In 1796, Friedrich von Adelung published "Sieben Stücke aus dem Heldenbuch" ("Seven pieces from the Heldenbuch") in his Nachrichten von altdeutschen Gedichten, welche aus der heidelbergischen Bibliothek in die vatikanische gekommen sind. This publication was responsible for increased attention paid to manuscript Heldenbücher rather than the printed version. Ludwig Tieck examined original manuscripts and prints, in 1793 transcribing a Heldenbuch of 1577.

For similar reasons they also recommended the banning of Orange Order parades. The Apprentice Boys role in the celebrations became more important in the early nineteenth century which saw the establishment of the Apprentice Boys of Derry Club in 1814 and the No Surrender Club in 1824. New clubs were formed over the following years. In December 1861 the various clubs agreed to associate together under a governing body known as the General Committee.

"Waves" maki-e panel by Shibata Zeshin, 1888-1890 Gold- or silver-decorated lacquerwares had been popular in the Edo period, but fell out of favour in the early nineteenth-century due to economic hardship. The Meiji era saw a renewed interest in lacquer as artists developed new designs and experimented with new textures and finishes. Foremost among these was Shibata Zeshin, who has been called "Japan's greatest lacquerer".Earle, Joe, "Zeshin Redux", Orientations, Vol.

His interpretation of the nation's history adheres to the liberal tradition, viewing the colonial period like an arid and unprogressive era, having in Bernardino Rivadavia his early nineteenth century hero, and viewing Juan Manuel de Rosas as a reactionary, defender of the colonial system who was useful for the British interests.Potash, Robert A., Book Review of La Argentina se Hizo Así, The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 43, No. 3, Aug., 1963, pp. 445-446.

Leveson-Gower was born in 1758, the son of the Marquess of Stafford. In 1785 he married Elizabeth, daughter of the Earl of Sutherland. She had inherited the Earldom and its associated estates following a well-known legal case which established the unusual principle that the Earldom could pass through the female as well as the male line. In the early nineteenth century the couple initiated sweeping reforms to their estate in Sutherland.

However, in the early nineteenth century, education was not compulsory and in many families having children work was necessary due to low incomes (Samuel Slater employed children but was required to provide basic education). Children commonly did farm labour and produced goods for the household. Besides working in factories children worked in mines. Automation in the late 19th century is credited with displacing child labour, with the automatic glass bottle blowing machine (c.

It was built around the old medieval tower; though this practice was not unusual at the time, few examples still survive today. Later, the bastion would serve as the base for a windmill, a very common feature of city walls. In the early nineteenth century, an oil mill and floor factory with a 65-hp steam engine were built on the bastion. After 1874, the bastion was no longer needed as a defensive work.

The U.S. and Portugal fought together in the First Barbary War (1801-1805) against the Barbary corsairs in an effort to reduce piracy and disruption of trade on the Mediterranean Sea. Increased Portuguese immigration to the United States began in the early nineteenth century. Approximately 70 percent of these immigrants came from the Azores, with the remainder mostly coming from Madeira and Cape Verde, with very few of them coming from the Portuguese mainland.

Edward Lhuyd The manuscript was then taken to the United States, probably by Welsh settlers in the eighteenth century, and ended up in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston. At some point in the later eighteenth or early nineteenth century, several leaves were lost and damage was done to the manuscript. It was conserved, rebound and digitised in 2012-3. Digital images and transcriptions of the manuscript are available online.

In 1805, Jefferson wrote to his joiner listing the locks he required for his home. While closets received rim locks, Jefferson ordered twenty-six mortise locks for use in the principal rooms. Depictions of available mortise lock hardware, including not only lock mechanisms themselves but also escutcheon plates and door pulls, were widely available in the early nineteenth century in trade catalogues. However, the locks were still expensive and difficult to obtain at this time.

Abiel Chandler (1777–1851) was a native of New Hampshire who prospered as a commission merchant in Boston, Massachusetts during the early nineteenth century. He was the seventh of eight children born to Daniel and Sarah Chandler in Concord, New Hampshire. He attended Fryeburg Academy and later Phillips Exeter Academy. After earning of land from a family friend, Chandler realized the value of a college education and sold his land to attend Harvard.

In the XIX century the village was a small purely Bulgarian settlement, belonging to the Nevrokop kaza of the Serres sanjak. The church "St. St. Constantine and Helena" was built in the early nineteenth century. In the Ethnography of the Provinces of Adrianople, Monastir and Thessaloniki, published in Constantinople in 1878 and reflecting the statistics of the male population from 1873, Paril is listed as a village with 35 households and 130 Bulgarian inhabitants.

Roundarm bowling was first developed about 1788 by Tom Walker of the Hambledon Club but the club ordered him not to use it in matches.Major, p. 102. In the early nineteenth century, Christiana Willes helped her brother John, who played for Kent, to practice by bowling to him. The story goes that she found underarm bowling difficult in a hooped skirt, and so in around 1807, she began bowling in a roundarm style.

Within this context, the study of Ibadism entered a stage of greater profundity and sophistication, thus becoming a more attractive subject of study to researchers and specialists. The critical text editions by Abulrahman al-Salimi and Wilferd Madelung, as well as a recent annotated translation of two theological primers by Ibāḍī theologians of the late thirteenth and the early nineteenth century respectively, namely the ʿAqīda al-wahbiyya by Nāṣir b. Sālim b.

Woolley, Hannah, The Gentlewoman's Companion ..., 3rd ed. (London, England: Edward Thomas, 1682), "Pumpion pye", pp. 220–221. Pumpkin "pies" made by early American colonists were more likely to be a savory soup made and served in a pumpkin than a sweet custard in a crust. It was not until the early nineteenth century that the recipes appeared in Canadian and American cookbooks or pumpkin pie became a common addition to the Thanksgiving dinner.

Ratangarh was founded in the early nineteenth century by Rao Zokha Singh Tyagi Atri . He was a former commander (or Rao) of the northern branch of the Maratha Confederate Army, whose control ranged to the Tarai baselands of the Himalayas. After the Maratha decline that followed the Battle of Delhi, he became a mercenary-adventurer. For a period, he served as the Commanding General (Sipehsalar) of the principality of Sardhana near Meerut.

Shri Rajaram Hospital provide affordable and competent care to all sections of society "a good patient care & concern with dedication for patient and their family since early nineteenth century". Ranhera village comes under YEIDA (Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Area). Its member of the Legislative Assembly is Dhirendra Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)): Ranhera Comes Under JEWAR Constituency. According to the Indian census report published in 2014, a population of 7800 was recorded.

The Eagle Lock Company was formed by the consolidation of several early nineteenth-century enterprises. The most notable began in 1832, when an English immigrant and locksmith opened a small lock manufacturer in Watertown, Connecticut. This was one of the first American lock works. After two years, his small shop and skills were acquired by the Terryville, Connecticut firm of Lewis, McKee and Company, which was run by Eli Terry, son of the clock maker.

Until 1802 there were only six bells: then two more were added and in 1894 a further two made the total ten. In addition there is a small sanctus bell which dates from the seventeenth century. The carillon on which the chimes are played three times a day were restored in 1938 through a bequest by Alice Henton. This restoration involved a new clock to replace the previous one dating from the early nineteenth century.

However, on 14 December 1810, the seat designation was given to Charlestown, which retained the designation until 1873, when on 23 September the Jefforsonville mayor (Luther Warder) successfully campaigned for the county seat's return. From its beginning Clark County's history, culture and growth have been linked to the development of the river. Early nineteenth-century steamboats transported goods to the upper Ohio, providing opportunities for commercial and industrial growth in the county.

He was guillotined during the Reign of Terror in 1793, and the park was nationalized. left Schematic depiction of André-Jacques Garnerin's parachute used in the Parc Monceau descent of 22 October 1797. Illustration dates from the early nineteenth century. In 1797, Parc Monceau was the site of the first silk parachute jump, when André-Jacques Garnerin jumped from a Montgolfier hot air balloon, landing in the park where a large crowd was gathered.

The national nature reserve, which is administered by Natural Resources Wales, the successor body to the Countryside Council for Wales, lies within the Fforest Fawr uplands, an area set aside in Norman times for hunting and which remained Crown property until the early nineteenth century. In addition to the flora, there are relatively rare birds such as peregrine falcons, ring ouzels and ravens. Sixteen species of butterfly have been recorded in the area.

In April 1980, the Gilbert House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture, for the building is a little-modified example of worker housing from the early nineteenth century. It was one of approximately twenty Worthington locations added to the National Register together as part of a multiple property submission. The house also lies within the boundaries of the Register-listed Worthington Historic District.

When the Dutch established the colony of New Amsterdam, they brought the legend and traditions of Sinterklaas with them.Joe Wheeler & Jim Rosenthal, "St. Nicholas A Closer Look at Christmas", (Chapter 8), Nelson Reference & Electronic, 2005. Howard G. Hageman, of New Brunswick Theological Seminary, maintains that the tradition of celebrating Sinterklaas in New York existed in the early settlements of the Hudson Valley, although by the early nineteenth century had fallen by the way.

Richard McNemar (20 November 1770 – 15 September 1839) was a Presbyterian- turned-Shaker preacher, revivalist preacher, writer, and a historian of the early nineteenth century. He published the Shakers’ first printed bound book and is considered by historians as the father of Shaker literature. He started the Shaker colonies of Union Village Shaker settlement in Ohio and Shaker village of Pleasant Hill in Kentucky. He is the most prolific composer of Shaker hymns and anthems.

A Mermaid by John William Waterhouse.It has been claimed that there is a mermaid's grave in Benbecula, but the exact location is unknown. The mermaid was killed in the early nineteenth century after having been seen for a couple of days, before a teenage boy threw a rock at it, killing the entity. Accounts stated that the upper part of the creature was the size of an infant, while the bottom was like a salmon.

An essayist writes a familiar essay if speaking to a single reader, writing about both themselves, and about particular subjects. Anne Fadiman notes that "the genre's heyday was the early nineteenth century," and that its greatest exponent was Charles Lamb. She also suggests that while critical essays have more brain than the heart, and personal essays have more heart than brain, familiar essays have equal measures of both.Fadiman, At Large and At Small, xi.

During the Middle Ages, Govan was the site of a ford and later a ferry which linked the area with Partick for seasonal cattle drovers. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, textile mills and coal mining were important; in the early-nineteenth century, shipbuilding emerged as Govan's principal industry. In 1864, Govan gained burgh status, and was the fifth- largest burgh in Scotland. It was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1912.

Both the Roman Catholic church of St Bernadette and Kings Church, closed in 2015, were established in the village in the late 1900s. ;Windmill West Kingsdown Windmill is a Grade II listed smock mill that was built in the early nineteenth century at Farningham. The windmill was marked on Greenwoods map of 1821 and the Farningham Tithe Map of 1840. In 1880, it was moved to Kingsdown, where there was already a post mill.

The English Settlement is the name given to a planned settlement of some in the Illinois Territory. It was founded by Morris Birkbeck and George Flower in the early nineteenth century. In 1816 the two men chose the location, bought the land, and eventually brought over about 200 settlers from England. The chief surviving town is Albion, Illinois, although some of Birkbeck's followers joined the Owenite utopian community at New Harmony, Indiana after his death.

In 2011, a Shabbat morning service and Torah reading was led by members of the University of Kent's Jewish Society and the university's Chabad Jewish Chaplain. Although several synagogues and churches were built in the Egyptian revival style in the early nineteenth century, only a few are known to survive, they include the Hobart Synagogue in Tasmania the Downtown Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tennessee and the First Presbyterian Church (Sag Harbor), New York.

Few of these federal rowhouses remain standing today. A majority of buildings were made of wood and had a simple construction. Taylor-Whittle House (c. 1790), now occupied by the Junior League of Norfolk-Virginia Beach and the Norfolk Historical Society In the early nineteenth century, Neoclassical architectural elements began to appear in the federal style row homes, such as ionic columns in the porticoes and classic motifs over doorways and windows.

Ian Bradley was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, on Whit Sunday 1950.Daily Telegraph Book of Hymns - Studia AS - Bokhandel He grew up in the southeast of England and was educated at Tonbridge School and New College, Oxford, from which he graduated with a first-class honours degree in modern history. He remained at University of Oxford to complete a doctoral thesis on religion and politics in early nineteenth-century Britain, earning his DPhil degree.

Al-Azhar aside, contemporary higher education in the Arab world is often traced back to colonial and missionary universities established by Europe and the United States in the early nineteenth century. These institutions were few in number, and access was limited to upper-class individuals living in major cities.Mazawi, Andre Elias (2005). “Contrasting perspectives on higher education governance in the Arab states,” in Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, 20: 133-189.

Mechanics Hall is a concert hall in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was built in 1857 in the Renaissance Revival style and restored in 1977.Mechanics Hall Built as part of the early nineteenth-century worker's improvement movement, it is now a concert and performing arts venue ranked as one of the top four concert halls in North America and in the top twelve between Europe and the Americas.Mechanics Hall - History It also houses a recording studio.

University of Calcutta. The best-known kotwal in Pune during Peshwa rule was Ghashiram Kotwal, and the city's police force was admired by European visitors. The patronage of the Brahmin Peshwas resulted in Pune's expansion, with the construction of about 250 temples and bridges (including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill).Preston, Laurence W. "Shrines and neighbourhood in early nineteenth-century Pune, India." Journal of Historical Geography 28.2 (2002): 203-215.

William Henry Channing was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Channing's father, Francis Dana Channing, died when he was an infant, and responsibility for the young man's education was assumed by his uncle, William Ellery Channing, the pre-eminent Unitarian theologian of the early nineteenth century. The younger William graduated from Harvard College in 1829 and from Harvard Divinity School in 1833. He was ordained and installed over the Unitarian church in Cincinnati in 1835.

An 1888 advertisement for Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Webster's Dictionary is any of the dictionaries edited by Noah Webster in the early nineteenth century, and numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name. "Webster's" has become a genericized trademark in the U.S. for dictionaries of the English language, and is widely used in English dictionary titles. Merriam-Webster is the corporate heir to Noah Webster's original works, which are in the public domain.

The New Adventures of Vidocq (French: Les nouvelles aventures de Vidocq, German: Die Abenteuer des Monsieur Vidocq) is a historical crime television series which originally ran between 1971 and 1973.Anderson p.28 It was a co- production between France and West Germany, with shooting taking place partly at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The main character is based on the life of Eugène François Vidocq, an early nineteenth century criminal turned crime- fighter.

They do make it clear that copper was an important part of the exchange economies of Central and Southern Africa (Herbert 1984). Tswana towns of the pre-colonial period in South Africa, such as the Tlokwa capital at Marothodi near the Pilanesberg National Park, demonstrate a continuation of native copper production into the early nineteenth century. In this period, archaeological research suggests that copper production had intensified significantly to meet growing regional demands (Anderson 2009).

Like St. John's Hall, it was established by a religious body, the London Missionary Society, in 1913 and located on Hatton Road. Rev. Robert Morrison, after whom the hostel was named, came to China in the early nineteenth century. He was an early missionary of the Society and the first translator of the Bible into Chinese. After his death, his collection of books was transferred from China and stored in the old City Hall.

Born as one of fifteen children on January 16, 1875, in Parras de la Fuente, located between Torreón and Saltillo in the state of Coahuila, Gustavo Madero grew up in one of the richest families of Mexico.Heribert von Feilitzsch, In Plain Sight: Felix A. Sommerfeld, Spymaster in Mexico, 1908 to 1914, p. 84 The Madero family had settled in Northern Mexico in the early nineteenth century. Grandfather Evaristo had founded the Compañía Industrial de Parras.

Harden Beck was home to John Nicholson, The Airedale Poet, in the early nineteenth century. He was often out walking alongside the beck, looking for inspiration. He is said to have written many works beside the beck and by Goit Stock Waterfall, which he often visited in the dead of night. In 2012, as part of the Ilkley literature festival, the walk alongside Harden Beck became part of the Stanza Stones Poetry Trail.

The many water-powered factories located on its banks were largely responsible for this city's industrial prosperity in the early nineteenth century. This building is one of the few survivors of that prosperous era. The site is additionally significant as an archeological site. Not only has it been in continuous use since 1650, but documents indicate that much of the machinery and tools damaged in the 1907 fire were not removed from the steep ravine.

Moscardini, p62 On Belle Vale Road, on land adjacent to the Church of St. Stephen are the Church Cottages. Built in the late-nineteenth century the cottages were built from a combination of timber and brick in mock-Tudor style. One of their most noted features are the large diagonally set chimneys. Also on Belle Vale Road are a series of early-nineteenth century houses built from sandstone ashlar with slate roofs.

Vinegar Hill was one of the earliest neighborhoods in Charlottesville, Virginia. Located near downtown, it was bordered by West Main Street to the south, Preston Avenue to the north, and 4th street to the east. When it was first populated by African American families in the early nineteenth century, it was called "Random Row." George Toole, a local Irish-American resident, began calling it Vinegar Hill to memorialize the Battle of Vinegar Hill.

It has two storeys and an attic, with a tiled roof. A second wing was added in the early nineteenth century, which has two storeys with a slate roof. To the north of the church building is Church Cottage and the Old Post Office, which together form another L-shaped building. Church Cottage is a weatherboarded, timber-framed building dating from the fifteenth century, while the Old Post Office probably dates from the eighteenth century.

A windmill was marked on Robert Morden's map of 1695, a coastal map of Kent dated 1770 and the 1819-43 Ordnance Survey map. Ripple mill was built in the early nineteenth century at Drellingore, in the Hawkinge parish. When the mill was moved, it was sectioned by cutting the cant posts in half lengthways, and bolting them back together at the new site. One such cant post can still be seen in the mill.

However, these traditional gender-genre associations are undercut by the implicit acknowledgment of Mary Shelley as the primary author, with her journal giving the entire work its name and contributing the bulk of the text.Moskal, "Travel writing", 244. Moreover, those who see the Tour as primarily a picturesque travel narrative argue that the descriptions of Alpine scenes would have been familiar to early nineteenth-century audiences and they would not have expected a poetic climax.

The painting of Saint Charles can be dated roughly between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The analysis of the paintings of San Carlo and the Sacred Heart was conducted by Elena Sangalli. San Carlo is depicted half-length in traditional cardinal's robes, in an attitude of prayer in front of a small crucifix. The representation of the hands, foreshortened downward, suggest the major dimensions of the work, especially in the vertical direction.

From 1891 borough rate-books for the census years only have been retained. Valuations date from the 1820s and 1830s. These records were kept in the vestry halls of the several wards of the city and thus escaped the destruction by enemy action which befell the records stored in the Union offices in West Bar. Vestry minutes for several townships from the early nineteenth century have also survived, together with some highway surveyors' records.

The Netherlands was severely depleted in the early nineteenth century, after the French domination. Many families lived in the cities and in the countryside in sorrowful situations. It has been the merit of Johannes van den Bosch, he recognized this problem and that he actually took steps to try to eradicate poverty. Eventually his project suffered depletion, because he always had to borrow to keep the Colonies in state money because of the disappointing yields.

Courthouse Square Historic District, also known as Courthouse Square District, is a national historic district in Greencastle, Indiana, United States. In 1984, the historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The district includes seventy-six different contributing properties. Since the first years after Greencastle was platted in the early nineteenth century, the land included in the district has been the center of commerce and government for the area.

Today Clyst Heath is a suburb to the south east of the city of Exeter, Devon, England. An area of relatively high ground to the west of the River Clyst, it remained heathland until the early nineteenth century when it was cultivated for the first time. Two notable battles took place on the heath, in 1455 and 1549. The 1:25000 Ordnance Survey map shows the conventional symbol for both battles at grid reference SX965912.

The Gate House and Gate looking west towards the village. The Gate House and Gate looking east towards the common. The Gate House and Gate, Monken Hadley, in the London Borough of Barnet, are grade II listed buildings The house is in the Gothic style, early nineteenth century. The gates are of timber and are one of a number of white timber gates that mark the main access points to Monken Hadley Common.

Ship's boats were used for a similar purpose, carrying parties of men with combustible materials over to enemy ships, often while they were at anchor. New methods of attack were being pioneered by the early nineteenth century. The Raid on Boulogne in 1804 used fireships, but also new devices designed by Robert Fulton. By the time of the attack at the Basque Roads, fireships were being used to fire rockets as well.

He later helped finance some Indian factories as an owner.Americans in Calcutta Bazaars in the Early Nineteenth Century, Sirajul Islam, The Asiatic Society His firm was so influential that was known in Salem as "The Old East- India Company."The Rich Men of Massachusetts, Abner Forbes, Published by W. V. Spencer, Boston, Mass., 1851 As Pickman's business investments took off, he became an active financier, and owned interests in emerging industries across New England.

The site for Romney's house was the stables of Cloth Hill, "a fine mansion of 1694". The house was designed by Samuel Bunce as a two-storeyed terraced house with a timber frame, weatherboarding and a slate roof. The façade is symmetrical, with three windows and a central door, with a hood and fanlight. Romney's stables were extended in the early nineteenth century when the house was converted for use as an assembly rooms.

King was a partner in Thomas & William King, merchants of London. He was awarded compensation for the loss of slaves on the Friendship, Sarah, Good Success and Good Interest estates in British Guiana and the Union estate in Trinidad. He also received compensation as a bond creditor in respect of the Geneva estate in Dominica. He owned the Friendship estate in Demerara, British Guiana, that included over 300 slaves in the early nineteenth century,Friendship.

Philanthropic coal owners provided decent accommodation for miners from the early nineteenth century. Earl Fitzwilliam, a paternalistic colliery owner provided houses near his coal pits in Elsecar near Barnsley that were "...of a class superior in size and arrangement, and in conveniences attached, to those of working classes." They had four rooms and a pantry, and outside a small garden and pig sty. Others were established by Edward Akroyd at Copley between 1849 and 1853 and Ackroyden 1861-63.

He has edited the most faithful edition of the complete works of authors such as José de Espronceda and the Duque de Rivas. He has also written about Lista and Quintana and the work of Spanish progressive liberals from the early nineteenth century to the end of the period of Romanticism. He has studied the poetic thought of Juan Ramón, Octavio Paz and José Bergamin. He has also dedicated numerous studies to the works of Cervantes.

In the early nineteenth century, settlers from Orange founded Orange, Ohio, then part of Connecticut's Western Reserve. On August 18, 2005 the Orange Little League Girls softball team lost the championship game of the Little League Softball World Series to a team from McLean, Virginia. On March 15–17, 2009, Orange hosted the 2009 ConnJam, a Boy Scout event in which over 3,000 Boy Scouts from the Connecticut Yankee Council attended events and camped over the weekend.

Hutchesons' Hall Hutchesons' Hall is an early nineteenth-century building in Ingram Street, in the centre of Glasgow, Scotland. It is owned and maintained by the Rusk Company and National Trust for Scotland, and is a category A listed building. The current building was constructed, as Hutchesons' Hospital, between 1802 and 1805 to a design by the Scottish architect David Hamilton. This building was to replace an earlier hospital of 1641, situated in the city's Trongate.

Wright proved to be a good administrator. She survived the exit of disaffected young men in the 1790s and sustained “petticoat government” for 25 years.Jean Humez, “Weary of Petticoat Government”: The Specter of Female Rule in Early Nineteenth-Century Shaker Politics,” Communal Societies 11 (1991): 1-17. Her long tenure as the Ministry’s leader meant that she had ample opportunity to establish the principles of gender equality, and her leadership set an example for equality of the sexes.

Richard Watts (died 24 March 1844) was an early nineteenth-century English printer, located in Crown Court, Temple Bar, London. His work is identified under the signature R. Watts. Watts was the printer for the University of Cambridge from 1802 until 1809, (a switch to stenotype was made by the school in 1804). He left Cambridge in 1809 and set up a printing workshop in Broxbourne, subsequently setting up the Oriental Type-Foundry on Temple Bar, London, in 1816.

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians online. The grandson of theatre manager Barthélemy Hus-Desforges, he came from a long line of entertainers, the Hus family, and his grandmother was a Courtenay. After he finished his studies at the Conservatoire de Paris with Benoit Tranquille Berbiguier, he began as a cellist in various orchestras. In the early nineteenth century, he was conductor at St. Petersburg, returned to Paris, then taught in Metz from 1819 to 1822.

This principle became one of Darwin's chief pieces of evidence that biological evolution was real. Georges Cuvier came to believe that most if not all the animal fossils he examined were remains of extinct species. This led Cuvier to become an active proponent of the geological school of thought called catastrophism. Near the end of his 1796 paper on living and fossil elephants he said: Interest in fossils, and geology more generally, expanded during the early nineteenth century.

Stereoscopic view (prior 1879) The lake was originally spelled Coguagiack, a Native American term referring to the "undulating" prairie surrounding the lake. This was an area that was home for the Potawatomi tribe and Goguac Lake was said to be a gathering place for them from time to time. Since being settled by the English in the early nineteenth century, Goguac Lake has provided irrigation for crops, a ready supply of water and a focal point for community recreation.

Runciman was probably the first artist to paint Scottish landscapes in watercolours in the more romantic style that was emerging towards the end of the eighteenth century.E. K. Waterhouse, Painting in Britain, 1530 to 1790 (Yale University Press, fifth edn., 1994), , p. 293. The effect of Romanticism can also be seen in the works of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century artists such as Henry Raeburn (1756–1823), Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840) and John Knox (1778–1845).

This collection was donated to the Library in 1968 by Sir Alvary Gascoigne, in memory of his father, Colonel F.R.T. Gascoigne, of Lotherton Hall, Leeds. There are over 3,000 items in the collection of books, pamphlets and periodicals, the majority covering the subjects of military and naval history. The collection includes army and navy lists from the early nineteenth century and histories of regiments and is a rich source for researchers of 19th-century military history.

Table d'hôte is a French loan phrase that literally means "the host's table". The term is used to denote a table set aside for residents of a , who presumably sit at the same table as their host. The meaning shifted to include any meal featuring a set menu at a fixed price. The use in English is documented as early as 1617, while the later extended use, now more common, dates from the early nineteenth century.

The sisters ran a convalescent home in St Agnes, and in Truro (in addition to the main convent and the Truro branch house) they ran a small school (Rosewin School) and a retreat house (St Michael's House). The main convent was originally located at Alverton House in Tregolls Road. The house, built in the early nineteenth century, was extended for the convent, and the chapel was built in 1910 by Edmund H. Sedding.Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed.

The precise origin of Mod A is controversial, with Pavia/Milan, Pisa and Bologna all being proposed.Stoessel Firm evidence of ownership of the book by the Biblioteca Estense only occurs in the early nineteenth century, although a 1495 catalogue of the Este family library in Ferrara might refer to it.Pirrotta It was rediscovered by the philologist Antonio Cappelli in 1868.Cappelli Excluding flyleaves and modern additions, Mod A comprises 51 parchment folios divided into five gatherings.

In late December, at his behest, the Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". In the early nineteenth century, captured pirates were executed immediately. The resolution thus gave the Mexican Army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians.Scott (2000), p. 71.

At the beginning of 2016 the wolf population was approximately 300 - 350 individuals. In Central Europe, wolves were dramatically reduced in number during the early nineteenth century, due to organized hunts and reductions in ungulate populations. In Bavaria, the last wolf was killed in 1847, and had disappeared from the Rhine regions by 1899 and largely disappeared in Switzerland before the end of the nineteenth century. In 1934, Nazi Germany introduced the first legislation regulating the protection of wolves.

Never a man to compromise, despising popularity, who made no bones about his differences with Methodists and Roman Catholics, and trying hard to rid his church of evangelicals, he was at first unpopular. His engaging personality, absence of malice, and strong sense of principle eventually won Feild affectionate respect. Newfoundland was often compared to Ireland. Sectarian feeling ran high and could have led to extensive bloodshed had the Protestant ascendancy of the early nineteenth century been maintained.

The organization of the United States Army changed frequently in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century; but on June 1, 1821, the company that had been commanded by Major Doughty in 1784 was designated Company "F," 4th United States Regiment of Artillery. The company retained this designation until 1901. The company received a different designation in that year and, in a further reorganization on May 31, 1907, it became Battery "D," 5th United States Field Artillery Regiment.

Taylor oversaw the surrender of Black Hawk in Prairie du Chien. Lt. Jefferson Davis, who later became president of the Confederate States of America, was stationed at Fort Crawford at the same time. Here Jefferson Davis met Zachary Taylor's daughter, Sarah "Knoxie" Taylor, whom he married in 1835. Illustration of Prairie du Chien in 1870 Outside the walls of the fort, early nineteenth century life in Prairie du Chien was still dominated by the fur trade.

Sachs mentions the earliest reference as old as early nineteenth century. The primitive stages in curing the condition in humans were through the clinical experiments. The Elsberg method was one of the first to determine the threshold value for odorous substances. To date, his olfactometric method is known as one of the best methods to stimulate the threshold of olfactory senses and determine the decaying of the senses once there has been a continuous supply of same smell.

In the late 18th century though the middle of the nineteenth century, the majority of the tombs were box tombs and step tombs. These accommodated a single coffin resting directly on the ground with four walls made of brick, often covered with stucco, and a nearly flat roof. The step tombs had stepbacks, providing more design options. By the early nineteenth century and extending into the middle of the twentieth century, various types of wall tombs were constructed.

The second objective was fear that foreign trade and the wealth developed would lead to the rise of a daimyō powerful enough to overthrow the ruling Tokugawa clan.W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, pp. 74–77 By the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside.

A great number of panchalis saw being published from Dacca as the Bengalis of the early nineteenth century extremely believed in fatalism. According to the 'Press and Registration Act of Books (1867)', most of the panchalis were not submitted to the Government. Thus, little is known about the panchalis. The published panchalis from Dacca were mainly written on Shani-Dev, Peer-Satya Narayan (Satya as Narayan to the Hindus and Peer to the Muslims), Trinath and so on.

Mexico has a significant number of UNESCO World Heritage sites with the list including ancient ruins, colonial cities, and natural reserves, as well as a number of works of modern public and private architecture. Mexico has attracted foreign visitors beginning in the early nineteenth century,Kemper, "Tourism" p. 250. cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts. The nation's temperate climate and unique culture - a fusion of the European and the Mesoamerican are attractive to tourists.

Ships were classified as: ships of the line, frigates and corvettes. The upper limit for a ship to be still considered a frigate was that it had only one covered gun deck. If a ship had two covered gun decks, it was no longer a frigate, but a ship of the line. A confusing circumstance arose when in the early nineteenth century the forecastle and quarterdecks of most big ships were joined to become a complete flush deck above.

The area encompassed by Kolnyang Payam was in the early nineteenth- century the site of one of the Malek Mission, the first permanent Church Mission Society (CMS) station in southern Sudan.There were, of course, earlier permanent missions, such as the American mission station at Doleib Hill. Malek was the first CMS mission in southern Sudan. Angus Cameron, the Governor of Mongalla, had discouraged the missionaries from settling Mongalla and suggested a site downriver, 18 kilometers south of Bor.

Humphry is the spelling Ozias himself used in his signatureA photo of this signature is reproduced in: R. Walker, The Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Century Miniatures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen, Cambridge 1992. on the backing card of his miniature of Charlotte, Princess Royal (1769; Windsor Castle). This is also the spelling given in the catalogues of the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy from 1779 to 1795.see Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts.

The three- storey, five-bay main house is currently recorded at 12 St James Street and has railings in front of the street elevation. The listed building has a slate roof and an eighteenth or early nineteenth-century facade with band courses and quoins. The entrance features a pedimented porch with Doric columns and a transom (fanlight). The entablature of the pedimented porch has a frieze with a metope in the style of the Brothers Adam.

Proponents of Cooper have criticized Twain's essay as unfair and distorted. Cooper scholars Lance Schachterle and Kent Ljungquist write, "Twain's deliberate misreading of Cooper has been devastating....Twain valued economy of style (a possible but not necessary criterion), but such concision simply was not a characteristic of many early nineteenth-century novelists' work."Schachterle & Ljungquist, p. 410 Similarly, John McWilliams comments: In Carl Van Doren's view, the book is essentially a romance, at the same time considerably realistic.

The railway would also join the ranks of other US railroads in 1976 who painted at least one locomotive in a special scheme to commemorate the United States Bicentennial. Its NW2 switching locomotive was numbered 1976 and painted red and blue divided by a white stripe. It was also named Chief Baw Beese in honor of the early nineteenth-century chief of a Huron Band of Potawotami Native Americans that lived in what became Hillsdale County.

In the early nineteenth century, the Devil's Punch Bowl became inhabited by several families who enclosed portions of the western slopes of the Bowl for themselves. Here they pastured their sheep, goats, and cattle and gleaned profits of a trade which they monopolised: making and selling brooms. Rods supplied by coppices of Spanish chestnut served for handles, the long and wiry heather twigs for brush. They became known as the Broom-squires and were a fiercely independent folk.

The Carnot wall at Forte Altavilla, Ancona, Italy A Carnot wall is a type of loop-holed wall built in the ditch of a fort or redoubt. It takes its name from the French mathematician, politician, and military engineer, Lazare Carnot. Such walls were introduced into the design of fortifications from the early nineteenth century. As conceived by Carnot they formed part of an innovative but controversial system of fortification intended to defend against artillery and infantry attack.

Governor Lachlan Macquarie planned a public square on the location in the early nineteenth century. The square was originally named King's Square, but was renamed Queen's Square when Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837. The statue of Queen Victoria was unveiled by Lady Carrington, the wife of the Governor of New South Wales in 1888, for Australia's centenary. It was in the middle of a circle of roads, which soon became a loop of tramways.

Roper states that "no American geographical sources published before 1830 mention the site Nahom, although we now know that it is an authentic ancient place name, which occurs only once in the entire region, and that in a location consistent with Nephi's description. Joseph Smith could not have learned about Nahom from early nineteenth-century sources," although it does not preclude the possibility that he or one of his acquaintances learned about them from sources published outside of America.

However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge.W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.74-77 Following the Perry Expedition and with the increased threat to Japanese sovereignty posed by the European powers and their Black ships, the Japanese government turned towards the Dutch for technical and military assistance. The Nagasaki Naval Training Center was opened in 1855 with Dutch military advisors to teach the Japanese about steam warship technology.

The Longs Lane Precinct dating from the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries which together with its open areas, yards, lanes and footpaths dating from the early nineteenth century is rare in the Sydney Region. Importantly, the relationships between Nos. 136-138 Cumberland Street and its neighbours in the Longs Lane Precinct is still clear and unobstructed and still within the historic street pattern. Nos. 136-138 Cumberland Street meets this criterion at a local level.

He views the moral economy, and the subsistence agriculture of rural America, as something supplanted by a cash-cropping free market farm economy only over a long period of social conflict in the early nineteenth century. Given that the North- eastern US and Upper Canada were tied in the same international markets, were settled by the same extended families, and utilized the same farming techniques and strategies, Clark's results probably hold for Upper Canada as well.

They were then braided to produce a woven strip which was sold on to the makers of hats, baskets and other wares.Yaxley, Chapter 6 The plaiting was carried out by women and children who were taught the skills in plait schools. At its peak in the early nineteenth century a woman could earn more by plaiting than a man could earn on the land. There was concern that the industry led to dissolution and idleness in the menfolk.

The road is of particular importance to Cox descendants. The William Cox Fellowship first nominated sections of Cox's Road for heritage listing in the 1980s. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Precincts of Cox's Road have research significance at a state level for their ability to demonstrate early nineteenth century road, culvert and bridge building techniques using basic skills and technologies.

Mathiesen was born into a family of landed proprietors. In the early nineteenth century, they expanded from their base at Linderud, buying large forests in Eidsvoll and Hurdal. His grandfather died in 1842, and as his father retreated from the family company already in 1849, Haaken C. Mathiesen became a co-owner in the company Tostrup & Mathiesen together with manager Christopher Henrik Holfeldt Tostrup. By that time he had taken a few years of education abroad.

During her later career, HMS Pompée also served as Portsmouth's guard ship and ended her career in the early nineteenth century anchored in Portsmouth Harbour as the chief prison ship Pompee. Pompee was also used as prison ship for French prisoners captured during the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). The harsh treatment received aboard Pompee gained a national notoriety with the criminal classes of England, the name Pompey itself became a northern England slang word for prison.

What is now the rear of the building has a whitewashed stone dressing that covers the main red brick construction. It has two-plus-three-plus-two bays, with the central three under a pediment enclosing Diocletian windows and with a rusticated surround. There is a simple but elegant early nineteenth century staircase, and an Adamesque chimney piece with nicely carved timber. A plaque on the outside gives the date of that part of the building as 1752.

The tract was named the town of Windham in May of 1692, and was incorporated into Hartford County in fall of 1693. Starting in the early nineteenth century, the town's center of activity moved from Windham to Willimantic, as the water power available there led to the establishment of factories. First established as a borough in 1833, it was incorporated as a separate city in 1893, then reincorporated into the town of Windham in 1983 as its industry declined.

La Chartre-sur-le-Loir is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. The surviving church dedicated to St. Vincent was designed by the architect Delarue c. 1830. It possesses interesting mid-nineteenth century stained glass depicting the saint and other personages. Before the early nineteenth century there were also churches dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen and to St. Nicholas, and in close proximity a priory.

The Dansey family owned the house for 500 years before it died out in the early nineteenth century. Roger Dansey (1588-1658), who was a High Sheriff in 1631 during the personal rule, owed his loyalties to royalism. During the Civil War when the estate was estimated to be worth £800 per annum, he married Ann Smyth, daughter of Richard Smyth of Credenhill; their fourth and eldest surviving son, William Dansey was a captain in the King's army.

In the early nineteenth century, Bishop Siméon-François Berneux, or Jang Gyeong-il () mandated that all publications be written only in hangul and all students in the missionary schools were required to use it. Protestant and other Catholic missionaries followed suit, facilitating the spread of Christianity in Korea, but also created a large corpus of Korean-language material written in hangul only.Cho, K. (1984). 'The Meaning of Catholicism in Korean History' in Korean Journal (24, 8) pp. 20–21.

In the early nineteenth century, the New Kilpatrick district of Drumchapel was traditionally geared towards farming and mining. The most common sport played was the farmers' ploughing match; other sports only getting formally played at the annual agricultural shows. The population was spread between the village, the Peel Glen mining rows, the hamlet of Townhead and the ancient baronies of Garscadden and Drumry. This rural idyll changed with the introduction of a railway station to Drumchapel in 1891.

By the early nineteenth century, there were several small communities along the river, including Kalamazoo. With the introduction of the railroad in the 1840s, the importance of the river for transportation diminished. By the mid-19th century, several communities had grown up along the River as mill towns and commercial centers: Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Parchment, Plainwell, and Otsego. After the Civil War and into the 20th century, various industries, from cereal production to pharmaceuticals to automobile parts, flourished.

The timber trade became a massive business. In one summer, 1200 ships were loaded with timber at Quebec City alone, and it became by far British North America's most important commodity. it was from the money made in timber that the Bank of Montreal was founded in 1817.Graeme Wynn, Timber Colony: A Historical Geography of Early Nineteenth Century New Brunswick (2002) The cutting of the timber was done by small groups of men in isolated camps.

Leeres Viertel published in 1996, was the novel that earned Roes his reputation as one of the leading German Poeten des Fremden. In this novel the protagonist is an anthropologist travelling in Yemen researching traditional children's games. His account is a juxtaposition of travel writing, observations on daily life, anthropological lists, and reflections on the theory of play. Another complementary narrative strand in the novel comprises a diary written by an early nineteenth-century traveller to Yemen, Ferdinand Schnittke.

The site was discovered in 2003 by a team at SIU in Pulaski County. Subsequently, the SIU team plowed the field of the site which revealed a 37,000 square meter of brick buildings along with ceramic, glass, metal, and other artifacts. Hand excavation revealed the discovery of early nineteenth-century military uniform buttons, ceramics, glassware, and other artifacts at the site. Later on in 2004, IHPA provided additional funding that resulted in the excavation of 27 more test units.

A. D. Harvey, Britain in the early nineteenth century (B T Batsford Ltd, 1978), p. 125. He said Addington and Lord Hawkesbury "in a moment of rashness and weakness, have fatally put their hands to this treaty, have signed the death-warrant of their country. They have given it a blow, under which it may languish for a few years, but from which I do not conceive how it is possible for it ever to recover".Fedorak, p. 73.

Christiana Willes (1786–1873), also known by her married name Christiana Hodges, was an early nineteenth century cricketer and the sister of John Willes. She has sometimes been attributed as the founder of roundarm bowling but it is known that the style was originated by Tom Walker. Many cricket sources name her as Christina rather than Christiana, but John Major and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography are adamant that Christiana was the correct spelling of her name.

A haint blue porch ceiling in the United States Haint blue is a collection of pale shades of blue-green that are traditionally used to paint porch ceilings in the southern United States. The tradition originated with the Gullah in Georgia and South Carolina. The ceiling of the slave quarters at the Owens–Thomas House in Savannah, Georgia, built in the early nineteenth century, was painted haint blue. The pigment was sourced from crushed indigo plants.

Upton (born 1930), part of the original parish of Upton- cum-Chalvey (in the south of the modern Borough), is a ward which has existed in some form continuously since 1930. It is a three-seat ward. In the early nineteenth century Upton was a village about a mile and a half south-west of the hamlet of Slough (see Central ward). This was the most Conservative area of Slough until demographic change made Labour competitive.

Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pyari Charan Sarkar and Kalikrishna Mitra were known for social reformation in the town, including women's education and widow remarriage. During the early nineteenth century, Barasat Cadet College trained new recruits and cadets from Europe; the college closed in 1811. From 1834 to 1861, Barasat was the seat of Barasat District. The district became a subdivision of the Twenty-four Parganas district in 1861, and Barasat is the headquarters of North 24 Parganas district.

The present four-storey house, dates from the early nineteenth century and still has a weir in the Monnow, with a very short leat. The building has a slate roof and it is now used as a dwelling. After 1895 two undershot wheels, measuring 3.6 m (12 ft) and 0.9 m (3 ft) drove four pairs of millstones and rollers. The Mill was a corn mill, producing flour, for much of its existence dating back to 1448.

At first only a fishing community, Arniston has become a holiday destination and its hinterland a region for viticulture. The fishing village, characterized by its lime-washed and thatched houses, remains unspoiled and has been declared a national monument in its entirety. Fishermen still go to sea in boats of the style that would have been familiar to locals in the early nineteenth century, although now under contract to larger commercial enterprises. Whale watching is a popular tourist activity.

The famous federal route has crossed the river at this point since its inception, with ferry service in the early nineteenth century. In 1960, the Lane Bane Bridge was constructed just downstream and U.S. Route 40 was moved to the new high- level structure. Currently, the route serves local traffic and is meant to tie together the interconnected towns on each bank. It is designated as a historic bridge by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.

In the Aboriginal Woiwurrung and Daungwurrung languages, the river is named Pyerlite, with no clearly defined meaning. There are four possible origins of the river's current name: firstly, after John "Howka" Hunter (1820–68), a pastoralist; secondly, a portmanteau name from Mount Howitt, where the river rises, and aqua; thirdly, after Howqua, a popular brand of Chinese tea in the early nineteenth century; and fourthly, after Akin Howqua (Ah Kin Wowqua), a Chinese surveyor and early resident of Melbourne.

Charles Robbins (1782-1805) was a British Royal Navy officer and navigator in the early nineteenth century. He was involved in the early exploration of Bass Strait and Port Phillip in southern Australia. Robbins held the rank of Midshipman aboard the on its voyage to New South Wales at the start of 1802. He was appointed acting Lieutenant in command of when Charles Grimes used her to survey King Island and Port Phillip in early 1803.

In the early nineteenth century, Highfields was a rural area lying outside of the city of Leicester. "Known as High Fields, the area was rich in water sources and windmills". Highfields Remembered This area of farm land was reached by short lanes that led off of London Road. The layout and width of Mill Hill Lane still survives much in the form that it took in the 1820s, although the housing was not built until the 1850s.

Colonel Sir Aretas William Young (31 March 1777 – 1 December 1835) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator of the early nineteenth century. After extensive military service in the Peninsular War and elsewhere, Young held a range of colonial government roles in the West Indies and Prince Edward Island, of which he was Lieutenant Governor. Young was knighted in 1834 for his colonial service. While in office at Charlottetown, he died, and was replaced by General John Harvey.

Corbett's electrostatic machine Corbett's electrostatic machine is a high voltage static electricity generating device that was made by Thomas Corbett. It was used by Shaker doctors for medical treatment in the early nineteenth century. The machine consisted of a rotating glass jar that produced an electrical charge by means of a crank wheel that was turned by hand. This charge was stored in a glass container that was released later to a patient for a cure.

The pipe organ is the oldest in Queensland, dating from the early nineteenth century and built by H.C. Lincoln (1789-1864). It was imported from a London church in 1876 and further stops were added in the 1961 by the Brisbane firm Whitehouse & Brothers. It is now maintained by Pierce Pipe Organs and plans are afoot for its complete restoration at some future date. The church hall was built in 1879 but has been substantially modernised.

In March 1568, the church was burned by the Huguenots. From 1648, it fell under the diocese of Luçon and was restored in 1652. Around 1705, the priest, learning the apparitions at Paray-le-Monial in 1673 and 1675, launched the cult of the Sacred Heart. In 1793 and 1794, during their 13 passages, the infernal columns massacred a large part of the population and burned 57 houses and the church, which was restored in the early nineteenth century.

Until the 1970s there was considerable debate within psychiatry on the most appropriate term to use to describe the new drugs. In the late 1950s the most widely used term was "neuroleptic", followed by "major tranquilizer" and then "ataraxic". The first recorded use of the term tranquilizer dates from the early nineteenth century. In 1953 Frederik F. Yonkman, a chemist at the Swiss-based Cibapharmaceutical company, first used the term tranquilizer to differentiate reserpine from the older sedatives.

With the advent of the railways in the early nineteenth century, a need arose for a specialized group of engineers capable of dealing with the unique problems associated with railway engineering. As the railways expanded and became a major economic force, a great many engineers became involved in the field, probably the most notable in Britain being Richard Trevithick, George Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Today, railway systems engineering continues to be a vibrant field of engineering.

During this period Australian businessmen began to prosper. For example, the partnership of Berry and Wollstonecraft made enormous profits by means of land grants, convict labour, and exporting native cedar back to England. The Australian people and the colonists spent a large part of the early nineteenth century building infrastructure such as railways, bridges and schools. This allowed them to get on with economic development and allowed the country to lay the pathway to being a modern-day superpower.

An independent congregational group was established in the early nineteenth century in St. James' Church, Standard Hill and were soon large enough to look for their own premises. The foundation was laid in June 1882 and Park Hill Congregational Church opened for worship in June 1883.Records relating to Park Hill Congregational Church, Nottingham, and its predecessor St James's Chapel, University of Nottingham The architects were James Tait and John Langham of Leicester.Pevsner Architectural Guides, Nottingham.

The Isis Tomb is the name of a richly endowed Etruscan tomb that was found at the Polledrara Cemetery, Vulci, Lazio, Italy, in the early nineteenth century. Many artefacts were discovered in the Isis Tomb when it was originally excavated but, as was custom at the time, only objects of high monetary value were kept. Over 60 of these objects are now held by the British Museum, with others scattered across a range of museums around the world.

Historic Arkwright Bridge plaque The Arkwright Bridge is an abandoned historic bridge formerly carrying Hill Street over the Pawtuxet River in the Arkwright mill village in central Rhode Island. The river forms the border between Cranston and Coventry. The first bridge to span the Pawtuxet River at this location was an early nineteenth century wooden bridge, located in the city of Cranston. In 1887, a special resolution was passed changing the Coventry- Cranston border to the Pawtuxet River.

Theano Didot is a free and open-source typeface by Alexey Kryukov, released under the Open Font License (OFL) in 2007. It is a revival of the Didot typeface of Firmin Didot, in the Didone or modern serif genre of the early nineteenth century. Theano Didot is one of three fonts in the Theano family, including an old-style serif and a Didone font more suitable for body text. Each is released in a single weight without italic.

The Christoffelturm about 5 years before its removal By the early nineteenth century, Bern had expanded as far as it could within the old city walls. An increasing number of people were living outside the city walls in neighbouring communities. Throughout the nineteenth century, this ring of modern cities grew up around the Old City without forcing it to demolish the medieval city core. However, the growth around the Old City did lead to several projects.

Shirburn Castle Gatehouse. Shirburn Castle is a Grade I listed, moated castle located at the village of Shirburn, near Watlington, Oxfordshire. Originally constructed in the fourteenth century, it was renovated in the Georgian era by the first Earl of Macclesfield who made it his family seat, and again in the early nineteenth century in the "Gothick" style. The Earls of Macclesfield remained in residence until 2004, and the Castle is still (2020) owned by the Macclesfield family company.

Manufacture of chemical products from fossil fuels began at scale in the early nineteenth century. The coal tar and ammoniacal liquor residues of coal gas manufacture for gas lighting began to be processed in 1822 at the Bonnington Chemical Works in Edinburgh to make naphtha, pitch oil (later called creosote), pitch, lampblack (carbon black) and sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride). Ammonium sulphate fertiliser, asphalt road surfacing, coke oil and coke were later added to the product line.

In 1852, at the initiative of the minister of St. Mark's Church, the Common was enclosed and became the first public park in south London. Walcot Square was, like most of Kennington's 19th-century development, built in the gaps between main roads. Pockets of land between the main roads were built upon in the early nineteenth century. Walcot Square and St Mary's Gardens were laid out in the 1830s on land formerly used as a market garden.

Location of Lesotho in South Africa At a critical juncture in the early nineteenth century the state began to connect itself to a series of groups “that in different ways had long tried to shape and administer the lives of individuals in pursuit of various goals” rather than simply extend the absolutist state's repressive machinery of social control.Rose, Nikolas, Pat O'Malley, & Mariana Valverde. (2006). Governmentality. Annual Review of Law and Social Science Vol. 2: 83-104.

These simple solutions are now sometimes called eigensolutions. Fourier's idea was to model a complicated heat source as a superposition (or linear combination) of simple sine and cosine waves, and to write the solution as a superposition of the corresponding eigensolutions. This superposition or linear combination is called the Fourier series. From a modern point of view, Fourier's results are somewhat informal, due to the lack of a precise notion of function and integral in the early nineteenth century.

Canonbury is a residential area of Islington in the London Borough of Islington, North London. It is roughly in the area between Essex Road, Upper Street and Cross Street and either side of St Paul's Road. In 1253 land in the area was granted to the Canons of St Bartholomew's Priory, Smithfield, and became known as Canonbury. The area continued predominantly as open land until it was developed as a suburb in the early nineteenth century.

George Moore (1852–1933) spent much of his early career in Paris and was one of the first writers to use the techniques of the French realist novelists in English. His novels were often controversial for their frankness. His short stories helped popularise the form among Irish authors. The persistence of traditional genres in Irish can be seen in the papers of Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin, a Kilkenny schoolteacher, merchant and diarist of the early nineteenth century.

The Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is a Lutheran church and a historical landmark in the town of Pabianice in central Poland. Constructed in the early nineteenth century to cater to the spiritual needs of the growing Protestant population of the rising industrial town, the church now serves a small Lutheran community in what is a predominantly Catholic area. Since 2010 the church has been the seat of the bishop of the Lutheran Diocese of Warsaw.

Prince Edward Island entered Confederation on July 1, 1873. Aside from being the seat of colonial government, the community came to be noted during the early nineteenth century for shipbuilding and its lumber industry as well as being a fishing port. The shipbuilding industry declined in the latter part of the nineteenth century. On June 14, 1873 the "Government House Farm" at Fanning Bank was designated a municipal park, named Victoria Park in honour of Queen Victoria.

The former Theatre Royal in Hawkins Street was near Mulligan's and the pub walls are decorated with associated posters, photographs, and showbills dating back to the early nineteenth century, as well as an autographed photograph of Judy Garland, who performed in the theatre and drank at the pub. The pub is mentioned briefly in James Joyce's short story, Counterparts,Text of Joyce's story, Counterparts. "When the Scotch House closed they went round to Mulligan's." Project Gutenberg.

Kim Ati Wagner is a Danish-British historian of colonial India and the British Empire at Queen Mary, University of London. He has written a number of books on India, starting with Thuggee: Banditry and the British in early nineteenth- century India in 2007. He followed that up with a source book on Thuggee and has also written on the uprising of 1857 and the Amritsar massacre. A British citizen, Wagner feels an affinity for India.

He later bought the farm and built his house on it about 1733. The house was enlarged about 1760 and a separate summer kitchen was built in the early nineteenth century. The Mordecai Lincoln House is four miles south of the Daniel Boone Homestead, birthplace of Daniel Boone and the two families clearly were acquainted. Mordecai Lincoln Jr. served as a justice of the peace, road inspector, and militia captain or commissioner for defense against the Indians.

Juan Larrea (June 24, 1782 - June 20, 1847) was a Spanish businessman and politician in Buenos Aires during the early nineteenth century. He headed a military unit during the second British invasion of the Río de la Plata, and worked at the Buenos Aires Cabildo. He took part in the ill-fated Mutiny of Álzaga. Larrea and Domingo Matheu were the only two Spanish-born members of the Primera Junta, the first national government of Argentina.

" In early nineteenth century Cambridge "the discipline of mathematics was at the very heart". Newtonian mathematics teaching as exemplified by "Cambridge traditionalists" such as Lax and his generation began to wane as the Georgian era drew to a close. In 1817 George Peacock successfully introduced the new French mathematics (such as Pierre-Simon Laplace and Joseph Louis Lagrange) into the Senate House Examinations. Peacock reported to Herschel, "The introduction of d's into the papers excited much remark.

Forster was born in 1970 in Utah. She attended Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin and earned her undergraduate degree in history, making the Dean's List for academic achievement. She also completed a senior research project in fall 1991 entitled: "Mormonism and the Search for Community in Early Nineteenth Century America" as part of a Newberry Library Seminar: Research in the Humanities program. Forster returned to Utah to attend law school at the University of Utah College of Law.

The entire landscape garden was designed by Richard Woods, a contemporary of Capability Brown. The lakes were designed to look like a part of the River Thames and were joined with a small waterfall. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century there was further landscaping and planting, supervised by Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton. In 1908 Romaine-Walker created the formal terrace on the north front as part of the broad redevelopment commissioned at that time.

The same was true of rural areas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Some rural towns in the Midwestern United States and in southern Brazil were founded by immigrants and directly advertised in home countries. (Prominent examples include New Glarus, Wisconsin in the United States and Blumenau, Santa Catarina in Brazil.) This case was especially true for many agricultural German immigrants of the nineteenth century. Certain towns were built on a homogeneous group from a particular German principality.

Map of Texas in 1833 showing several of the land grants An empresario was a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling the eastern areas of Coahuila y Tejas in the early nineteenth century. The word in Spanish for entrepreneur is emprendedor (from empresa, "company").Compare "impresario". Since empresarios attracted immigrants mostly from the Southern United States, they encouraged the spread of slavery into Texas.

The khanates were isolated by wars with Iran and weakened by attacks from northern nomads. Between 1729 and 1741 all the Khanates were made into vassals by Nader Shah of Persia. In the early nineteenth century, three Uzbek khanates—Bukhara, Khiva, and Quqon (Kokand)—had a brief period of recovery. However, in the mid-nineteenth century Russia, attracted to the region's commercial potential and especially to its cotton, began the full military conquest of Central Asia.

74-77 In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1846, an official American expedition led by Commodore James Biddle on an official mission with two ships, including one warship armed with 72 cannons, asking for ports to be opened for trade, but his requests for a trade agreement were refused.W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.

A small number of Russians were also taken from the Orenburg Line. From the early nineteenth century an increasing number of Russian fishermen were captured on the Caspian Sea. After other attempts to pressure the Khan had failed, in August 1836 Russia ordered the arrest of all Khivan merchants in Russian territory – about 572 people and 1,400,000 silver rubles in goods. The Khan was told that his subjects would be released when all Russian slaves were released.

The Badin-Roque House is a historic house located along LA 484, about southeast of Natchez. Originally built in the early nineteenth century, it's a Poteaux-en-terre French Creole cottage with bousillage construction walls. Several alterations were made in the 1830s when a beaded tongue and groove ceiling was added, along with board and batten fenestration, and in 1850, when it was added the actual pitched roof and siding. with two photos and two maps With .

Type designers strive for clarity and beauty in individual letterforms, as well as character in a font. Old fonts such as Bodoni, Caslon, and Garamond have been in wide use for centuries, with only slight modifications. Advances in print capabilities, new ways of viewing the written word, and changing aesthetics have led to refinements of classic typefaces as well as the introduction of entirely new designs. In the early nineteenth century, sans serif typefaces were first created.

The eight volumes of Songs Without Words, each consisting of six songs (), were written at various points throughout Mendelssohn's life, and were published separately. The piano became increasingly popular in Europe during the early nineteenth century, when it became a standard item in many middle-class households. The pieces are within the grasp of pianists of various abilities and this undoubtedly contributed to their popularity. This great popularity has caused many critics to under-rate their musical value.

The original of the poem. Taga za Yug (, , in English "Longing for the South") is the name of a famous poem by the Bulgarian National Revival poet Konstantin Miladinov.It would be impossible to write a study of the Bulgarian national movement of the early nineteenth century without mentioning the Macedonians that participated in it. Leading figures, like the brothers Miladinov were born in the area which is now known as the (Former Yugoslav) Republic of Macedonia.

After Pope Clement V officially abolished the Order of the Temple in 1312, the knights of Saint John (the Johanniter), backed by Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg, took over the villages of Tempelhof, Mariendorf, and Marienfelde. In 1435, they sold their estates to the city of Berlin. In the early nineteenth century, Tempelhof was still a village outside Berlin proper and was the site of country excursions for the citizens of Berlin.See Theodor Fontane's Schach von Wuthenow.

John Rickman (22 August 1771 - 11 August 1840) was an English government official and statistician of the early nineteenth century. He was born in Newburn, Northumberland, son of the Rev Thomas Rickman and educated at Guildford Grammar School, Magdalen Hall, Oxford and Lincoln College, Oxford. The poet Robert Southey was one of his friends. From 1799 to 1801 he edited the Commercial, Agricultural, and Manufactures' Magazine which published his article "On ascertaining the population" in 1800.

The church was remodelled in the early nineteenth century by J.B. Papworth, who added a bell- tower and two frontages to what had previously been a plain brick building, and once again in 1867–69 by S. S.Teulon, who almost entirely changed the exterior, removed the galleries and added the present columns and roof. It was at this church that Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath married on Bloomsday in 1956.Walking Literary London, Roger Tagholm, New Holland Publishers, 2001.

Some of farmland is still in productive use and contains walking paths for the public. The house itself has been arranged to be suitable for children's visits. Exhibits include a parlor restored to early nineteenth-century style and set for tea, kitchen restored to the 1930s, and dining room set exactly as when recorded in the 1940s. They explain the archaeological excavations and display furniture, 18th century glass and ceramic vessels reconstructed from shards found at the site.

Claremont Square seen from the north eastern corner, October 2018 Claremont Square is a square in the Angel (Pentonville) part of Islington, London. Its central green mound, hiding a reservoir, is dotted with mature trees on all four sides (embankments). On its north side is Pentonville Road. It is lined on the south, east and west sides by early-nineteenth-century houses, and on the north side, across the arterial road, by heavily recessed apartment/office buildings.

George Heald was one of the pre-eminent railway engineers of the early nineteenth century. In the preface to his book, The Practical Railway Engineer which was published in 1855, George Drysdale Dempsey names the key engineers that powered the development of the railways. He naturally cites famous engineers like George Stephenson, Robert Stephenson, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Joseph Locke and William Cubitt as well as George Heald.G. Drysdale Dempsey, page vi Heald's legacy is in two parts.

In late December, at his behest, Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". In the early nineteenth century, captured pirates were executed immediately. The resolution thus gave the Mexican Army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians.Scott (2000), p. 71.

Occasionally, Wesley attributed bodily movements to Satan's attempt at disrupting the conversion process, but at other times, he described bodily movements as natural human responses to God's love. Wesley, George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards all record instances of people falling during their ministries. During the Second Great Awakening of the early nineteenth century, Peter Cartwright and Charles G. Finney also recorded similar behavior. In the twentieth century, "prostrate trance" became chiefly associated with Pentecostalism and its offshoots.

Accessed 2014-02-13. Previous archaeological work in and around the Grant Birthplace included the retrieval of early nineteenth-century pottery from a small midden being impacted by the replacement of a nearby bridge in 1984, as well as a field survey of open areas in the birthplace grounds before the construction of a small building at the site in 2005; the latter project recovered only a couple of insignificant lithic flakes from an unidentified prehistoric period.

The bridge, which served people in rural areas around Pineville, was rated a 38.3 out of 100 points in a May 1, 1987, survey, which also included the 15-ton limit. A lot of the 70 historic bridges spread throughout Kentucky are either Pratt or Warren through trusses, the two most popular kinds of trusses. The Kentucky Route 2014 Bridge, along with others built in the early nineteenth century, represented an early style of bridge construction.

Head of a cock Blue-red (blue golden-salmon) colouring The Brugse Vechter, , is an endangered Belgian breed of gamecock. It dates from the early nineteenth century, and was bred specifically for cock-fighting. It named for its area of origin, that of the city of Bruges (Brugge), in West Flanders in the north- east of Belgium. It is one of three Belgian breeds of fighting-cock, the others being the Luikse Vechter and the Tiense Vechter.

In the early nineteenth century, there were two schoolhouses recorded as being present in the area on maps of the township; there are no records of these schools, so little details are known of how they operated.Goldie A. Connell (1985) Augusta: Royal Township Number Seven. St. Lawrence Printing Co. ltd. p. 159 In the same century, the township of Augusta was divided into school sections each of which had its own schoolhouse to serve the section.

In 1604, Melchior Goldast published excerpts of its didactic texts. After 1657 it was in the French royal library, from which it passed to the Bibliothèque Nationale, where the manuscript was studied by Jacob Grimm in 1815. In 1888, after long bargaining, it was sold to the Bibliotheca Palatina of Heidelberg, following a public subscription headed by William I and Otto von Bismarck. The first critical editions of the Codex Manesse appeared in the early nineteenth century.

Bonnyton, a part of the Barony of Bonshaw, had belonged to the Reids of Stacklawhill and also to several generations of the Watts family, who were joiners and cartwrights. Born there was Doctor Robert Watt, the eminent Scotsman who published the Bibliotheca Britannica in 1824, shortly before he died;Dobie, p. 102. it records more than 200,000 books, pamphlets and periodicals printed from 1450 to the early nineteenth century and took him 25 years to compile.Bookseller's description.

The word "electrolysis" was introduced by Michael Faraday in the 19th century, on the suggestion of the Rev. William Whewell, using the Greek words "amber", which since the 17th century was associated with electrical phenomena, and ' meaning "dissolution". Nevertheless, electrolysis, as a tool to study chemical reactions and obtain pure elements, precedes the coinage of the term and formal description by Faraday. In the early nineteenth century, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle sought to further Volta's experiments.

Camden Park Estate, 1965, modified Read, S., 2004 The Camden Park garden and nursery is historically important as part of the original Macarthur family Camden estate. The garden is significant for its demonstration of the early nineteenth century estate garden design, including the following: The use of a hill site to take advantage of the views; the use of plantings to enframe views; and the planting of trees with ornamental form, demonstrating the influence of the early nineteenth century horticultural movement. The area has historical significance as the original Macarthur nursery renowned for the introduction and propagation of exotic plants in early Australia. Significant features include the following: the area of olive and plumbago shrubbery; the brick edged gravel carriage loop; structured vistas from the house entrance and garden entrance; specimen plants of araucarias and camellias reputed to be the oldest in Australia; well blended later additions of herbaceous beds and rose garden; and ruins of the gardener's lodge, potting sheds and hothouses from the original nursery period.

He finds a job as a columnist for an English-language newspaper, BudapesToday. Still a virgin at the age of 24, he is initiated by his co- worker Karen, but finds the experience to be quite anticlimactic. He later commits "fradultery" with his brother's future wife, Mária. Part II presents the complex history of the Horváth Kiadó (Horvath Press), a family-run publishing company – which also serves as a history of Budapest from the early nineteenth century to the present day.

Hannah Rachel Verbermacher was born in the early nineteenth century in the shtetl of Ludmir, Volhynia, region of modern- day Ukraine to Hasidic parents. Her father, Monesh Verbermacher, was a devotee of Rabbi Mordechai Twersky, known as the "Maggid of Chernobyl", as well as a wealthy businessman. He provided an extensive education for his only daughter, which included many fields of Torah study. She appears not to have been a remarkable child, but underwent a transformation in her late teens.

His friendship with John Melvill, Government Inspector of buildings, led Melvill to recommend him as his deputy in 1821. During 1821 he acted as surveyor in the Cape Town suburb of Newlands. He was commissioned to draw the first designs for an English Church, St George's, for the 1820 settlers in Grahamstown, completed in 1828.R. B. Lewcock, Early Nineteenth Century Architecture in South Africa: A Study of the Interaction of Two Cultures, 1795–1837 (Cape Town, 1963), p. 301.

Lydia Kang MD & Nate Pederson, Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything "Bleed Yourself to Bliss" (Workman Publishing Company; 2017) Leeches became especially popular in the early nineteenth century. In the 1830s, the French imported about forty million leeches a year for medical purposes, and in the next decade, England imported six million leeches a year from France alone. Through the early decades of the century, hundreds of millions of leeches were used by physicians throughout Europe.Carter (2005) p.

The new emperor drilled the Russian army on the Prussian model, which resulted in conflict with Suvorov and his subsequent removal and self-imposed exile. However, he was recalled to the army in 1798–1799 Russian troops led by Suvorov performed brilliantly in Italy and Switzerland. During the early nineteenth century, Russia's population, resources, international diplomacy, and military forces made it one of the most powerful states in the world. Its power enabled it to play an increasingly assertive role in Europe's affairs.

466) Having fallen into ruin in the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was almost completely rebuilt in early nineteenth Century by the Alaouite sultan Suleiman, with hardly any trace left of its original Amoravid or Almohad design. Van Hulle (1994: p.43) It continues to serve today as one of the most important mosques in Marrakesh. Traditionally, the qadi (religious judge) of the Ben Youssef Mosque has jurisdiction over all of Marrakesh, and even over outlying areas.

St Columba's Church, Ennis St Columba's Church is a congregation of the Church of Ireland, part of the Anglican Communion, in Ennis, County Clare, western Ireland. St. Columba's was built between 1868 and 1871 as the new building for Drumcliffe Parish. Previous locations for the parish include Ennis Friary which was vacated by the Franciscan Order in the early nineteenth century. The present building was the last Anglican Church to be built in Ireland before its disestablishment by the Irish Church Act 1869.

In the early nineteenth century, the main economic activity on the islands was seal hunting. Later the islands became a re-provisioning depot for clippers sailing from Australia to the United Kingdom via Cape Horn. Over 80% of the islands' land is given over to sheep farming, with half a million animals being supported on 11,239 km2 of farmland, of which 40 km2 was perennial pasture. Roughly 40% of the national flock are on West Falkland and 60% on East Falkland.

The building is designed in a V-shape, and architectural historian McKenzie Woodword asserts that the architects of the building "clearly had in mind Daniel Burnham's Flatiron Building" (in New York City). The skyscraper's peculiar name dates back to the early nineteenth century, when shopkeeper Jacob Whitman mounted a ship's figurehead above his store. The figurehead, which came from the ship Sultan, depicted the head of an Ottoman warrior. Whitman's store was called "At the sign of the Turk's Head".

Veterans of the wars of independence assumed the leadership of the newly created nation-states, each with a new constitution. Despite constitutions and ideological labels of Liberal and Conservative, personalist and opportunistic leaders dominated the early nineteenth century. As with Mexico and Central America, the political turmoil and penury of the governments of the Bolivarian republics prevented foreign investors from risking their capital there.Henderson, p. 119. One caudillo who was remarkably progressive for his time was Bolivia’s Manuel Isidoro Belzu.

Cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. Cell theory was formulated by Henri Dutrochet, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow and others during the early nineteenth century, and subsequently became widely accepted. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of its cells, with energy flow occurring within and between them. Cells contain hereditary information that is carried forward as a genetic code during cell division.

One side drawer front opens to reveal a wine keeping box lined with lead, and the other contains press-drawers for linen. On the sideboard two 1888 sauceboats reflect the late nineteenth-century taste for a revival of Georgian styles. There are also two knife boxes with cutlery of a mixture of dates, from around 1750 to the early nineteenth century. A pair of scissor-shaped candle snuffers of silver bears a crest of the Rutson family which owned Nunnington Hall.

Balcarres House lies 1km north of the village of Colinsburgh, in the East Neuk of Fife, in eastern Scotland. It is centred on a mansion built in 1595 by John Lindsay (1552–1598), second son of David, 9th Earl of Crawford. The house became the family seat of the Earl of Crawford. The present house is the result of substantial extensions in the early nineteenth century, using part of a fortune made in India, but preserves much of the original mansion.

Telok Ayer Market (; ) is named after Telok Ayer Bay. In the early nineteenth century, the market was a simple wooden building located on piles just over the waters of Telok Ayer Bay before land reclamation work filled in the bay. The Malay name Telok Ayer means "bay water", and the then coastal road Telok Ayer Street was located alongside the bay before land reclamation work started in 1879. Lau Pa Sat ( means "old market" in the vernacular Chinese of Singapore.

The geldable lands were divided into two quarter sessions divisions: Bungay (Hundreds of Blything, Mutford And Launditch and Wangford); and Ipswich (Bosmere and Claydon, Hartismere, Hoxne, Samford and Stow). The liberty of St Ethelredra held sessions at Woodbridge while those of the St Edmund were held at Bury St Edmunds. By the early nineteenth century these were being referred to simply as Beccles, Bury St Edmunds, Ipswich and Woodbridge Divisions.See, for example, The Poor Prisoners Relief Act, 1813 (1813 c.

Lough Ramor is a partly wooded wetland site, a haven for many species of wildlife both resident and migratory. Available recorded history indicates that nearly half of the of Deerpark woodland was once oak woodland, the timber being used for building and agricultural purposes. During the seventeenth century it was reported that early Virginia settlers had to transport their building timber from west Cavan and Fermanagh. The early nineteenth century saw extensive tree planting of ash, elm, oak, larch, spruce and Scots pine.

Both Zofloya and The Monk are criticised for employing scenes of sexual transgression that was seen as offensive in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century; However, Zofloya was received with greater criticism because its author was female. “When Lewis wrote The Monk it was not welcomed, but it was conceivable that a man could write this sort of infernal thing; however Dacre's crime was greater because it was inconceivable that a woman could even imagine such horrors and use such voluptuous language”.

Barrel room at Merryvale Winery in the valley Napa Valley is widely considered one of the top American Viticultural Areas in California, and all of the United States, with a history dating back to the early nineteenth century. By the end of the nineteenth century, there were more than 140 wineries in the area. Several still exist in the valley including Charles Krug Winery, Schramsberg, Chateau Montelena, Nichelini and Beringer. Viticulture in Napa suffered a setback when prohibition was enacted in 1920.

The name "Matawin River" appears in various cartographic representations or otherwise, since the early nineteenth century. The name "Matawin River" is in the book "A topographical dictionary of the Province of Lower Canada", designed by surveyor Joseph Bouchette, published in 1832. In 1854, H. Legendre stands Plan of part of the Matawin River in the Lordship of Cap-de-la-Madeleine. Theophile Stanislas Provost, pastor of Saint-Alphonse-Rodriguez, cites "Mantawa River" in a letter to the journalist André Montpetit Napoleon in 1862.

Claims about Henri Christophe's place of birth and life before coming to prominence have been contested since the early nineteenth century. Born Christophe Henry, probably in Grenada but perhaps St KittsMarcus Rainsford's 1802 'St Domingo, or, An Historical, Political and Literary Sketch of the Black Republic' gives Christophe's birthplace as St Domingo. An 1803 letter from Edward Corbet in the UK National Archives says Grenada. Pierre McCallum's 1805 'Travels in Trinidad During the Months of February, March, and April, 1803' claims St. Kitts.

The Russian Empire annexed Abkhazia in the early nineteenth century and had consolidated its authority over the region by 1864. Reluctant to create ethno- territorial units, the Russian authorities incorporated the region into the Kutais Governorate. Large-scale population transfers saw the ethnic composition of Abkhazia radically altered, with thousands of ethnic Abkhaz expelled and ethnic Mingrelians brought in to replace them. After the 1917 February Revolution, which ended the Russian Empire, the status of Abkhazia became contested and was unclear.

The term pseudohistory was coined in the early nineteenth century, which makes the word older than the related terms pseudo- scholarship and pseudoscience. Monthly magazine and British register, Volume 55 (February 1823), p. 449, in reference to John Galt, Ringan Gilhaize: Or, The Covenanters, Oliver & Boyd, 1823. In an attestation from 1815, it is used to refer to the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, a purportedly historical narrative describing an entirely fictional contest between the Greek poets Homer and Hesiod.

The chapel also served as a chapel of ease for Highgate residents.Palmer, Alan, A Short History of Highgate School(1964), in Highgate School Register 1833–1964 pp9-32. However, by the early nineteenth century a dispute arose because the charity was spending more money, and the curate more time, on the local chapel than on the pupils. A House of Commons commission visited in 1819 and found the Master, the Rev Samuel Mence, was paying a sexton to teach the boys.

Shen Shanbao (沈善宝, 1808–1862) courtesy name Xiangpei 湘佩 and style name Xihu sanren 西湖散人 was a Chinese poet and writer active during the Qing Dynasty. She is the author of the Mingyuan Shihua, which provided biographical material on 500 Qing women poets, including herself. She was born in Hangzhou, which in the early nineteenth century was a center for women artists and writers. Shen's father committed suicide in 1819 and her mother died in 1832.

Part of this town of Newbury split off and became Newburyport in 1764. The school survived the Civil wars including the two battles of Newbury but declined as its funds were appropriated by the unreformed corporation in the late 18th century and in the early nineteenth century it closed. In 1849 a new body of trustees rebuilt the Litten and revived the school which opened with 60 boys being taught. The headmaster was Henry Newport. In 1876 the headmaster was the Rev.

In the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, Irkutsk Province gradually increased in importance as a center of trade, craft, and culture. It became the center of Russian trade with China and, from the 1830s, a gold-manufacturing center of Eastern Siberia. In 1803 Irkutsk became the center of the Siberian Governorate-General, and in 1822 it became the center of the Eastern Siberian Governorate-General. The Governors- General of Eastern Siberia greatly influenced the development of the city.

The first schools in New France were operated by the Catholic church (as indeed were schools in France itself). In the early nineteenth century the colonial governments moved to set up publicly funded education systems. Protestants and Catholics were deeply divided over how religious and moral education should be delivered. In Upper Canada the Catholic minority rejected the Protestant practice of Biblical study in schools, while in Lower Canada the Protestant minority objected to the education system instilling Roman Catholic dogma.

They also specify the services due from tenants to lords under the feudal system of the time. Many of the Rolls have been lost and others have been damaged, but a minority survive and are stored at the National Archives in Kew. Where they survive, they are a major source for the period. Those known in the early nineteenth century were published by the Record Commission in 1812–18, while more recent discoveries are being collated by the University of Sheffield.

Piatt's Landing was an early nineteenth century riverboat and ferry landing on the Ohio River in Boone County, Kentucky. It is located near Route 338 almost due west of downtown Union. The landing and Winnfield Cottage, which no longer exists, were built by Robert Piatt, the grandfather of Civil War General Edward Canby. Ferries owned by the Piatts crossed the Ohio River to Indiana at several points; Touseytown to Lawrenceburg, Rabbit Hash to Rising Sun, and East Bend to North Landing.

It is believed the stone used to construct the causeway was quarried from the nearby Doctor's Hill and that earth used to fill the structure also taken from a nearby location. Both the rock form and colour present in the causeway are in keeping with the surrounding rock features. Generally, the materials used in construction would have put together by hand using techniques traditional to European building techniques of the early nineteenth century. The outstation at Dunwich only functioned for a few years.

Prehistoric archaeological features documented at the site include two different types of roasting pits and small features whose functions are unknown. Historic features include the remains of a fireplace, post molds, and what is now thought to be a cellar marks the location of a previously undocumented structure. Concentrations of animal bones from the early nineteenth century indicate furs were processed at the site. The Collier Lodge site has been shown to contain an extremely high density of artifacts and features.

Descendants of the eighth Temenggung, Jassmine Shadiqe, JohorBuzz, New Straits Times In the early nineteenth century, the fief was divided into eight hamlets, each ruled by a chieftain with the Raja Temengung of Muar as the head of the "federation". Muar was caught in a power grab by the Maharaja of Johor, Abu Bakar after its puppet ruler, Sultan Ali died. The British "offered" its good services to restore calm. Without the British pressure, recognition of Tengku Alam was a foregone conclusion.

In the early nineteenth century, Joseph von Fraunhofer made the first systematic inventory of spectral lines in sunlight. Full understanding of the significance of Fraunhofer lines required a huge amount of pioneering research in astrophysics and quantum theory. Cecilia Payne (1925) demonstrated that variations in stellar line strengths can be explained by the Saha ionization equation. Payne's work lead to a major study of the chemical abundances in the solar atmosphere undertaken by H. N. Russell, Walter S. Adams, and Charlotte Moore.

Although they deployed armies three to four times the size of the armies of the Seven Years' War, neither monarch used the entirety of the military force each had at his or her disposal, making this war- without-battles remarkable. Despite the restraint of the monarchs, some early nineteenth-century casualty estimates suggest that tens of thousands died of starvation and hunger-related disease. Carlyle's more moderate estimate lies at about ten thousand Prussian and probably another ten thousand Austrian dead.Carlyle, p. 219.

Joshua Reed Giddings was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania at Tioga Point, now Athens, on 6 October 1795. His family moved that same year to Canandaigua, New York, where they spent the next ten years. In 1806 his parents Elizabeth (née Pease) and Joshua Giddings moved the family to Ashtabula County, Ohio, which was then sparsely settled. Here they settled on Ohio's Western Reserve, which "provided him with the occupational and social mobility so characteristic of the early nineteenth-century frontier".

By the early nineteenth century the name of the manor had been corrupted from Llanbadarn Fawr to Y Vaenor. There are other manors in the parish, including a small manor of Rhydonnen, and Crown manors such as Creuddyn; Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, The History and Antiquities of the county of Cardigan. Collected from the few remaining documents which have escaped the ravages of time, as well as from actual observation (Longmans, London, 1810). so the church remained important in the early sixteenth century.

The commercial tourism sector in the Republic of San Marino originates primarily from the early nineteenth century onwards. Prior to the infrastructure improvements of the nineteenth century, the region never aroused great interest for a number of reasons. These included the fact that the state was quite impoverished and lacked the infrastructure to develop accessible connections with Italy. During the late nineteenth century, the microstate embarked on a process of modernisation through the restructuring of the City of San Marino’s historic centre.

7 Bounds Green Road 9 Bounds Green Road 7 and 9 Bounds Green Road are grade II listed buildings in Wood Green, London. The houses form a group with numbers 7 to 25 (odd) in Bounds Green Road. Number 7 is an early nineteenth century two storey villa with a patterned radial fan-light above the front door. It has been extended on the right with a one bay coachhouse that joins it to number 9,7, Bounds Green Road N22.

The great Jewish scholar Aben Ezra had discreetly questioned the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch in the 12th century and four centuries later a Catholic and a Protestant theologian both revived the idea but were suppressed. These ideas were revived by Spinoza a century later. By the early nineteenth century, it was shown in Germany that much of the Mosaic ceremonial law only dated from the exile period. Techniques of criticism developed for secular history were applied to the sacred.

Dublin Orphans The building was also called Park House. After the Female Orphan House moved to the North Circular Road in 1793, the 42 Prussia Street building became The Orphan House for Destitute Boys,'Slater's National Commercial Directory of Ireland' by Isaac Slater, 1846. which operated until the early nineteenth century. The Architect of the Chapel on the North Circular Road, built-in 1818 was William Farrell renowned for many Church of Ireland buildings,Chapel Female Orphanage North Circular Road William Farrell, Archiseek.

The Anglican Florence Nightingale was influential in the development of modern nursing. While most Christian denominations did not allow women to preach during the nineteenth century, a few more evangelical Protestant denominations did permit women's preaching. In early-nineteenth- century Britain, the Bible Christians and Primitive Methodists permitted female preaching, and had a significant number of female preachers, particularly among the rural and working-class populations. Some of them emigrated to British colonies, and preached to settlers in colonies including early Canada.

The transformation to "engaged listening, and by extension, from talkative to silent audiences", paralleled new theories of music that required more attentive listening.Johnson (1995), p. 3. Other scholars writing on the listening habits of audiences in the 18th and 19th century are critical of Johnson's approach. William Weber writes that current "ideological construct[s] of taste and proper listening dates ... from the early nineteenth century" and cautions that approaching the 18th century listening habits from this perspective undermines their musical culture.

The historic district excludes newer development around West Point Terrace and Hayes Road, as well as properties along White Water Turn, Wooster Road, and Main Street Extension. The historic district is architecturally significant for preserving some evidence of early nineteenth- century mill village characteristics (in retaining some old mill housing and street layout) and for also preserving later 19th-century Greek Revival and Gothic Revival structures. In Tariffville's center, the Cracker Barrel Pub is host to much of the night-life.

The treaty gave Britain Florida in exchange for Cuba. The French had recommended this to Spain, advising that declining to give up Florida could result in Spain instead losing Mexico and much of the South American mainland to the British. Many in Britain were disappointed, believing that Florida was a poor return for Cuba and Britain's other gains in the war. The real engine for the growth of Cuba's commerce in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was the Haitian Revolution.

In 1515, Albuquerque sent Barbosa to Kozhikode to oversee the construction of two ships that would serve on an expedition to the Red Sea under the new governor. Barbosa returned to Portugal and completed his manuscript, Book of Duarte Barbosa. According to Italian writer Giovanni Battista Ramusio's preface, Barbosa completed his manuscript in 1516 with detailed accounts of foreign cultures. Previously known only through the testimony of Ramusio, the original manuscript was discovered and published in the early nineteenth century in Lisbon, Portugal.

Historically, a center of the Kalachuri and Rajgond dynasties, the city developed a syncretic culture influenced by intermittent Mughal and Maratha reigns. During the early nineteenth century, it was annexed by British India and renamed as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a cantonment town. Since Indian independence there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakoshal, with Jabalpur its capital. The headquarters of the West Central Railway, Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board, Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI), and Army headquarters of five states, viz.

Ballantrae, Ontario (2011 population 1,382) is a hamlet in the Town of Whitchurch–Stouffville. Named after the village of Ballintra in County Donegal, Ireland, the community is centred on the intersection of Aurora Road (York Regional Road 15) and Highway 48. The hamlet was first settled in the early nineteenth century, and by 1895 it had a population of 300.Cf. a thorough account of Ballantrae's history in Jean Barkey et al., Whitchurch Township (Erin, ON: Boston Mills, 1993), 87-90.

Aerial view of North Kanata, January 2007 The area that is today Kanata was originally part of the Township of March, and was first settled by Europeans in the early nineteenth century. One site dating from this era is Pinhey's Point. It remained mainly agricultural until the 1960s when it became the site of heavy development. Modern Kanata is largely the creation of Bill Teron, a developer and urban planner who purchased over of rural land and set about building a model community.

Once called "Healthshire" due to its reputation as a health retreat its name has since evolved into "Hellshire" though both pronunciations are technically correct. In the early nineteenth century, colonial records describe hundreds of runaway slaves escaping to "Healthshire" where they flourished for several years before they were captured by a party of Jamaican Maroons.Michael Siva, After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842, PhD Dissertation (Southampton: Southampton University, 2018), pp. 163-4, 196.

The Long Song is a three-part BBC television serial, which is an adaption of Andrea Levy's 2010 novel of the same name. It premiered on BBC One on 18 December 2018. Produced by Heyday Television, its three episodes were adapted by Sarah Williams and directed by Mahalia Belo. The story is set in early- nineteenth-century colonial Jamaica, focusing on the final years of slavery on the island, and the transition to freedom that took place after its abolition in 1833.

Prince Edward's Gate was the subject of stamps issued by the Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau in 1971 and 1993. The issue in 1971 (link below) consisted of a pair of stamps, with two versions of the same view of the gate, one from an early nineteenth century print and the other from a twentieth-century photograph. The issue in 1993 (link below) featured an image of the north side of the gate. Prince Edward's Gate continues to provide access through the Charles V Wall.

They are about John Williams who was the last of five family members to hold the licence for the Star in the early nineteenth century. The Star was originally built in 1639, as a lobby-entrance building with integral rear wing. The inn was known as the "North Pole" in 1756 with James Edwards bricklayer as the licensee; it became the "Star" in 1775 with Richard Percival, also a bricklayer, as the licensee. Finally it was renamed the Morning Star in 2010.

It also discusses the British government's use of the equalisation of the sugar duties Acts in the 1840s to sever their responsibilities to buy sugar from the British West Indians colonies, and to buy sugar on the open market from Cuba and Brazil, where it was cheaper.Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (London: Andre Deutsch, 1964). In support of the Williams thesis, David Ryden presented evidence to show that by the early nineteenth century there was an emerging crisis of profitability.

Fairville, Pennsylvania is an unincorporated area in southern Chester County which developed in the early nineteenth century about a mile north of the Pennsylvania-Delaware border. It is a linear village along the Kennett Pike (Pennsylvania Route 52) that runs between Kennett Square, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware. Businesses along the road served both travelers on the road and residents of nearby farms. The village or hamlet extends about 500 yards along both sides of Kennett Pike from Fairville Road to Hickory Hills Road.

Scriptural geologists (or Mosaic geologists) were a heterogeneous group of writers in the early nineteenth century, who claimed "the primacy of literalistic biblical exegesis" and a short Young Earth time-scale. Their views were marginalised and ignored by the scientific community of their time. They "had much the same relationship to 'philosophical' (or scientific) geologists as their indirect descendants, the twentieth-century creationists." Paul Wood describes them as "mostly Anglican evangelicals" with "no institutional focus and little sense of commonality".

The concept of sheer hulks originated with the Royal Navy in the 1690s, and persisted in Britain until the early nineteenth century. Most sheer hulks were decommissioned warships; Chatham, built in 1694, was the first of only three purpose-built vessels.Threedecks: British sheer hulk 'Chatham' (1694) There were at least six sheer hulks in service in Britain at any time throughout the 1700s. The concept spread to France in the 1740s with the commissioning of a sheer hulk at the port of Rochefort.

Ahmad Alimi was the head of the kingdom of Bornu during the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. During the later part of his reign, the Fula people within his kingdom followed the call of rebellion and Jihad being led in the west by Uthman Dan Fodio. Alimi was perplexed by the uprising since Bornu was already an Islamic empire. He started a futile correspondence with Muhammed Bello and Uthman before finally leaving the throne to his son in 1808.

Hispanics of Mexican descent dominate southern, south-central, and western Texas and form a significant portion of the residents in the cities of Dallas, Houston, and Austin. The Hispanic population contributes to Texas having a younger population than the American average, because Hispanic births have outnumbered non-Hispanic white births since the early 1990s. In 2007, for the first time since the early nineteenth century, Hispanics accounted for more than half of all births (50.2%), while non-Hispanic whites accounted for just 34%.

Since the early nineteenth century, the U.S. sought to expand its territory, which evolved into the idea of Manifest Destiny. Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803 gave Spain and the U.S. an undefined border. The young and weak U.S. fought the War of 1812 with Britain, with the US launching an unsuccessful invasion of British Canada and Britain launching an equally unsuccessful counter-invasion. Some boundary issues were solved between the U.S. and Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1818.

Rasool Pur (رسول پور) is a village located in Jampur Tehsil of Rajanpur district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated north from Rajanpur on Indus Highway. Rasool Pur is considered a model village as it has 99 percent literacy rate and zero crime rate. People of the village belong to Ahmedani tribe of Baloch people who settled at this location in 1933 after being displaced five times due to floods at other locations since early nineteenth century.

Admiral Sir Robert Waller Otway, 1st Baronet, GCB (26 April 1770 – 12 May 1846) was a senior Royal Navy officer of the early nineteenth century who served extensively as a sea captain during the Napoleonic War and later supported the Brazilian cause during the Brazilian War of Independence. During his long service, Otway saw action across Europe and in North America and was rewarded in his retirement with a knighthood, baronetcy and position as a courtier within the Royal Household.

First proposed in the Colonial period, the idea for a commercial waterway link between the Tennessee and Tombigbee rivers did not receive serious attention until the advent of river steamboat traffic in the early nineteenth century. It stimulated trade throughout the river cities, and the ability to get products to the Gulf Coast for overseas shipping. As steamboat efficiency gains caused water transport costs to decline, in 1875 engineers surveyed a potential canal route for the first time.Van West, Carroll.

Aside from being the seat of colonial government, the community came to be noted during the early nineteenth century for shipbuilding and its lumber industry as well as being a fishing port. The shipbuilding industry declined in the latter part of the nineteenth century. In August 1874, the Prince Edward Island Railway opened its main line between Charlottetown and Summerside. The railway, along with the shipping industry, would continue to drive industrial development on the waterfront for several decades to come.

Traditionally the Upper Ward was judged to be "to all intents and purposes a nineteenth-century creation ... the image of what the early nineteenth-century thought a castle should be", as a result of the extensive redesign of the castle by Wyatville under George IV.Colvin, p. 392, cited Brown (1984), p. 230. The walls of the Upper Ward are built of Bagshot Heath stone faced on the inside with regular bricks, the gothic details in yellow Bath stone.Robinson, p. 92.

By painting Cole and Bryant together in Kindred Spirits, Durand created a visual record of the relationship between the art and literary circles of the early nineteenth century, as well as their common beliefs toward the American landscape and Nature. Today, Kindred Spirits has come to symbolize both the Hudson River School and its era's culture. Conceived as a memory piece for Cole, Kindred Spirits may now be said to be a visual memory of the era in which it was created.

Fletcher had a longtime interest in history. A member of the New England Historical and Genealogical Society, he became one of the original members of the Indiana Historical Society (IHS), founded in 1830.Lana Ruegamer, A History of the Indiana Historical Society: 1830–1980 (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1980) p. 60. Fletcher's diary, donated to the IHS by his family in the 1920s, is in the IHS collections and provides “a powerful contribution” to understanding life in “the early nineteenth-century Midwest”.

The Kentucky General Assembly established Centre College on January 21, 1819. The college was named for its proximate location in the geographic "centre" of the Commonwealth, using early nineteenth century America's contemporaneous spelling of the word. Auspiciously, the legislature placed many of Kentucky's most prominent citizens in charge of Centre College's Board of Trustees, with Isaac Shelby, the Commonwealth's first governor, serving as chair. James G. Birney, at the time representing Danville in the Kentucky House of Representatives, was a member.

In the early nineteenth century, after being dislodged from Meitrabak (present-day Manipur), its princes made Cachar a springboard for the reconquest of the territory. In 1819, three brothers occupied Cachar and drove Govinda Chandra Hasnu out to Sylhet (now in Bangladesh). The kingdom of Cachar, divided between Govinda Chandra Hasnu and Chaurajit in 1818, was repartitioned after the flight of Govind Chandra among the three Meitrabak princes. Chaurajit got the eastern portion of Cachar bordering Meitrabak which was ruled from Sonai.

The Brick Tavern House is a former inn on the National Road west of St. Clairsville, Ohio, United States. One of the oldest National Road taverns still in existence, it was built in the early nineteenth century. Although it fell into dilapidation during the late twentieth century, it was named a historic site in 1995, and extensive restoration was to be performed in the early 2010s but to date, has not been. The tavern's construction date varies widely in different sources.

Blumenbach was regarded as a leading light of German science by his contemporaries. Kant and Friedrich Schelling both called him "one of the most profound biological theorists of the modern era.Lenoir, pp. 17–18. In the words of science historian Peter Watson, "roughly half the German biologists during the early nineteenth century studied under him or were inspired by him: Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer, Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, Heinrich Friedrich Link, Johann Friedrich Meckel, Johannes Illiger, and Rudolph Wagner.

In the early nineteenth century, the area was occupied by a handful of settlers, mostly British. In 1847 the diocese of Bytown (Ottawa) founded a settlement company that promotes immigration in eastern Ontario to combat the exodus of Canadians to the United States and to ensure the Catholic presence in Ontario. The parish received its official title in 1885. The reason for the choice of St. Anne as patron remains unknown but Prescott comes from the name given to the county.

Yard to north having two-storey slated and rendered outbuildings, predating house, retaining double-leaf timber doors and two-over-two sash windows. Wrought-iron gates to entrance. Appraisal- A substantial house dating to the turn of the twentieth century set within a landscaped demesne with associated outbuildings, some dating to the early nineteenth century. The current entrance drive lined with giant redwoods was laid out for the house and replaced an earlier approach from the west, now diverted north of the farmyard.

The folklore of Wade was still common locally in the early nineteenth century. There is some confusion as to whether the name Bel or Bell relates to Wade's wife, or to his cow. Bulmer refers in 1890 to "[Wade's] wife, Bell" and Young also assigns the name to Wade's wife in 1817. Hayes (1964) accepts this attribution but antiquarian Hilda Ellis Davidson believes that the folkloric Bel refers to Wade's cow and reflects an earlier tradition of the "fairy" or bountiful cow.

Homer, for example, mentions Orion, the Hunter, and Orion, the constellation, but never confuses the two.Fontenrose, Orion, p. 27; Graves; Kerenyi, Dionysus, several mentions; the observation on Homer is from Rose, A Handbook, p.117. The early nineteenth-century mythographer Karl Otfried Müller considered Orion the "only purely mythological figure in the heavens" and had also divided the myths into the original myths of the giant, and the figurative expressions of star lore after he was later identified with the constellation.

Already, by the early nineteenth century, individuals had begun to build summer homes, causing the population to double to about 500–600. During that time period, Cedar Grove, Lewis Station, Chimney Corners, Peck's Corner, Pleasant Bluffs, Sabin's Point, Sherman's Station, and Pomham were developed. New resort facilities were built, such as the Pomham House. Numbers of roads were lined with trees and houses, Christian churches were formed, a library was built, and the Narragansett Engine Company was formed in 1878.

From 1640 onwards, Waltershausen, then a subordinate to the Amt Tenneberg, became a part of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In the early nineteenth century, Waltershausen established its tradition of being a "city of dolls" due to the high number of toy and specifically doll factories in the area. In 1990, however, the industrial production of dolls came to an end. In 1929, the Thuringian forest railway was extended to Waltershausen, thus providing a direct connection to Bad Tabarz and Gotha.

General domestic household items were also recovered, such as toiletries and pharmaceutical bottles, clay smoking pipes, coins and buttons. A study of material culture from the site can form part of an investigation into consumption patterns and trade networks in NSW during the early nineteenth century. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Colonial inn sites are rare in NSW and have not been subject to extensive archaeological investigation and research.

Davenport from Dovercourt Road, south of Geary Avenue (c. 1912). During this period, the area was primarily made up of small plants and factories along the railway tracks. Davenport Road follows a centuries old carrying trail the First Nations peoples used to travel the route south of the ridge. It was also an important route by the early European settlers to the region and the area that is today Davenport became home to small farms in the early nineteenth century.

The proponents of Reform or progressive forms of Judaism had consistently claimed since the early nineteenth-century that they sought to reconcile Jewish religion with the best of contemporary scientific thought. The science of evolution was arguably the scientific idea that drew the most sustained interest. A good example is the series of twelve sermons published as The Cosmic God (1876) by Isaac Meyer Wise, who offered an alternative theistic account of transmutation to that of Darwinism, which he dismissed as ‘homo-brutalism’.

Partick remained a relatively small village until the early nineteenth century. The steep drop of the River Kelvin between what is now Glasgow's Botanic Gardens and the river's mouth, led to Partick becoming an important centre of milling, especially grain milling. While Glasgow's Molendinar Burn powered a few mills during the medieval period, its flow was insufficient for the needs of the growing burgh, perhaps as early as the twelfth century.Hume, John (1974) The Industrial Archaeology of Glasgow, p. 4.

Until 2003, the Nepalese Army's reserve armories housed a large number of rare and antique firearms, some dating back to the early nineteenth century. These were mostly donated to Nepal by the British East India Company and later by the British Raj, although there were also a few previously undocumented, esoteric weapons designed by Nepalese gunsmiths. Most of these were sold to an American firm, International Military Antiques, to raise funds for the army's purchase of modern weapons during the civil war.

She was once viewed by literary critics as a victim of early Christian missionaries who, by conversion, became a tragedy because of the loss of her identity. However, as time passed she began to be viewed as a woman representing the lasting revitalization, survival, adaptability and leadership of the Cherokee culture as a whole. Later collections of her letters and diary cemented Catharine’s place in early nineteenth-century culture and have had an enduring effect on American perceptions of Native Americans.

In a largely feminist retelling from Ceres's point of view, Shelley emphasises the separation of mother and daughter and the strength offered by a community of women. Ceres represents life and love, and Pluto represents death and violence. The genres of the text also reflect gender debates of the time. Percy contributed in the lyric verse form traditionally dominated by men; Mary created a drama with elements common to early nineteenth-century women's writing: details of everyday life and empathetic dialogue.

Meyer invented the idea for the character of Jacky Faber while listening to British and Celtic folk music on a local community radio station in his workshop. Meyer describes the moment on his website: > ...the host of the program plays a long string of early nineteenth century > songs that feature young girls dressing up as boys and following their > boyfriends out to sea, the most well known of these being JackaroeJackaroe > Lyrics. Accessed February 25, 2009. and Cana-di-i-o.

In this version of early nineteenth century history, Al-Kanemi assumed power in the 1810s without any competition from mai Dunama IX Lefiami before 1820. El-Kanemi, not just the face of Borno to foreign leaders, became more and more indispensable to the mai. Some in mai Dunama's coterie were believed to have been behind an attempt to kill the Shehu in 1820. At this date, mai Dunama and king Burgomanda of Baguirmi plotted to get rid of El-Kanemi.

The Charles Street Meeting House is an early-nineteenth-century historic church in Beacon Hill at 70 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The church has been used over its history by several Christian denominations, including Baptists, the First African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Unitarian Universalist. In the 1980s, it was renovated and adapted for use as office space, with the exterior restored and preserved. This project received awards from the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the American Institute of Architects.

Taxation as a percentage of production of final goods may have reached 15–20% during the 17th century in places such as France, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia. During the war-filled years of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, tax rates in Europe increased dramatically as war became more expensive and governments became more centralized and adept at gathering taxes. This increase was greatest in England, Peter Mathias and Patrick O'Brien found that the tax burden increased by 85% over this period.

Testudo actinodes (Geochelone elegans) from the Zoological Journal The Zoological Journal was an early nineteenth century quarterly scientific journal devoted to zoology. It published "Original Communications, Translations of new and interesting Papers from Foreign sources and notices of new and remarkable facts in any way connected with Zoology".(Gentlemen's Magazine, 1823) The Zoological Journal was published in London by W. Philips. The editors were Thomas Bell, John George Children, James De Carle Sowerby, George Brettingham Sowerby, and (later) Nicholas Aylward Vigors.

In the 1830s and 1840s Joseph Ketley worked towards the abolition of slavery and promoted Christian teaching amongst the African population and the native Indian tribes of the Essequibo River. He was a resident of George Town, Demerara. On 12 July 1840 he attended the Anti- Slavery Convention in London.The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840, Benjamin Robert Haydon, accessed 19 July 2008 In the early nineteenth century, missionary work in Demerara was fiercely opposed by many of the estate owners.

The founders of the congregation were eleven lay-women who left France from the early nineteenth century to assist in the missions established by the Marist Fathers in the South Pacific. The first of these women was Marie Françoise Perreton (1796 - 1873) who went to the mission on Wallis Island in 1846. She ministered especially to the women and children of the island."Missionary Sisters of Society of Mary", Society of Mary Between 1857 and 1860 ten more missionaries arrived in Oceania.

Baxters Harbour is a former fishing community on the shore of the Bay of Fundy in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada, located 15 kilometres from Kentville. It was named for Dr. William Baxter and his son John Baxter who lived there in the early nineteenth century. It is believed that fishing started there about 1780.NSARM, Place-Names and Places of Nova Scotia Low tide at Baxters HarbourToday it consists mainly of summer residences and there is some farming in the upland area.

Lying low between the stepping stone crossing of the Bradogue river (which now flows underground) is a common called the Glasminogue. Between the Broadstone and the village of Baile Phib at Monck Place, it often flooded and turned into a quagmire. This area was part of the Grangegorman estate. The Broadstone area underwent significant urban development in the early nineteenth century in order to fulfil the commercial and residential needs of the Royal Canal Company headquarters and Harbour Terminus operation.

Civil defence is the responsibility of the Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State, the national fire brigade. Dating its origins to the early nineteenth century, the Corps in its present form was established in 1941. It is responsible for fire fighting, as well as a range of civil defence scenarios including flood, natural disaster, and mass casualty management. The Corps is governmentally supervised through the Directorate for Security Services and Civil Defence, which is also responsible for the Gendarmerie (see below).

Pont Aberglaslyn is located near the downstream end of the Aberglaslyn Pass. While the location is rocky with the river running through rapids just upstream, it is not far above sea level. The river was tidal and navigable up to around Pont Aberglaslyn until the early nineteenth century, when the construction of the Cob seawall near Porthmadog prevented the tide from reaching it. Below the bridge is Llyn Glas (Blue Lake), a former harbour site used for loading copper mined nearby.

Until the 1860s the river flowed into a lake called Llyn y Borth (or Penllyn Pool) just prior to reaching the sea. Both the river and the lake (on which small boats could be launched) were noted for their trout before lead mining in Cwm Maethlon in the 1850s polluted the water.George Smith, Tywyn Coastal Protection Scheme Archaeological Assessment (Gwynedd Archaeological Trust Report No.555, 2004), p. 6. The river's estuary was altered in the early nineteenth century as part of drainage works.

Merthyr was notable in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for a large number of nonconformist places of worship, most of which held services in the Welsh language. One of the earliest chapels was Ynysgau, which dated back to 1749. The chapel was unfortunately demolished in 1967 as part of the Merthyr Town Improvement Scheme. The original cause at Ynysgau was established by various ‘dissenters’ from the Church of England and it was acquired by the Independents (Congregationalists) by the early nineteenth century.

Historically the Square forms a meeting place for the people of Nottingham and is also the location for local events, civil protests, royal visits, celebrations, and public mourning. A number of Nottingham's defining moments have taken place in the Square. One of the most significant civil protests to start here was the protest by Luddites (a social movement of British textile artisans) in the early nineteenth century, who protested growth in industrial machinery which was seen to be taking jobs.

The Muscogee were a divided people. Beginning in earnest under the administration of American Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Muscogee, especially the Lower Creek, adopted agriculture and Western culture. A reaction against these changes was fanned by the arrival among the Muscogee of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh and the omens of the Great Comet of 1811 and the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes. The traditionalists came to be known as Red Sticks.

Sauceboats by Anthony Rasch, circa 1815 Anthony Rasch von Tauffkirchen (c. 1778 - November 25, 1858) was a German-American silversmith, active in Philadelphia (1804-1820) and New Orleans (1820-1858). According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, his works are credited with being "among the most sophisticated silver vessels produced in the United States in the early nineteenth century." Rasch was born in Bavaria, probably in the Schloss Kleeberg, as the second son of Maximilian, Count von Tauffkirchen, and his third wife, Gertrude.

A large private donation allowed for the site to open for three months in the summer of 2007. Barnum House is currently home to a large collection of artifacts from the Georgian and Victorian periods. The collection includes a range of artifacts, including a variety of furniture, china, books and newspapers, cookware, children's toys, photographs, scrapbooks, and more. Among these pieces is a Clementi piano from the early nineteenth century, believed to be the only one of its kind to survive.

The small, three-bay manor house is an unusual example of eighteenth-century architecture, distinguished by its lack of symmetry. Its square footprint is divided into four unequal- sized rooms on the main floor, and five fireplaces on three floors feed a central T-shaped chimney. While the interior was renovated in the early nineteenth century, many original features still exist. These include the triple-run walnut staircase, pine floors, chair rails, and doors, which feature both HL and foliated H hinges.

There are two former pubs in the village: the Anchor and the Boot both of which closed in the 19th century. There was also a poorhouse established by the early nineteenth century. George Crabbe the poet used to attend poorer patients in Iken in his days as a surgeon, and his poem "The Workhouse" may have been based on his experience at Iken as well as at Aldeburgh. The former workhouse building was purchased by the Sudbourne Hall Estate in 1896.

The early Germans of New Jersey: Their History, Churches, and Genealogies. (Dover, New Jersey, Dover Printing Company, 1895), passim. Often villages established and settled by German emigrants remained culturally German well into the Nineteenth Century, with German Lutheran and Reformed churches (often as "Union" churches) established shortly after the first settlements (as was the case in Knowlton and in Stillwater). However, by the early Nineteenth Century, many descendants of these German settlers removed to newly opened lands in the West (i.e.

The Nemesis of Faith is an epistolary philosophical novel by James Anthony Froude published in 1849. Partly autobiographical, the novel depicts the causes and consequences of a young priest's crisis of faith. Like many of his contemporaries, Froude came to question his Christian faith in light of early nineteenth century developments in history, theology, and science. Froude was particularly influenced by the Catholic teachings of the Oxford Movement and by the new approach to religious scholarship developed by the German Higher Critics.

Former Bryher Baptist ChurchNotice board from the former Byher Baptist Church The Baptists arrived in Scilly in the early nineteenth century. The Baptist Itinerant Aid Society established Scilly as their first missionary station, with chapels on all the inhabited islands including Bryher. Augustus Smith, ‘Lord Proprietor’ of the Isles of Scilly, fell out with the Baptists and in 1843 ‘caused notice to be served at all the chapels’, so they were closed. However, a new Baptist chapel was built on Bryher in 1874.

Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music), created in the early nineteenth century by Muthuswami Dikshitar. It is an audava rāgam (meaning pentatonic scale) in which only five of the seven swaras (musical notes) are used. It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), fairly popular in Carnatic music. There is a belief that Amr̥tavarṣiṇi causes rain, and that the Carnatic composer Muthuswami Dikshitar brought rain at Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition, Aanandaamrutakarshini amrutavarshini.

Eleanor (1798 – c. 1824) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse bred by Charles Bunbury and was the first female horse to win The Derby. Eleanor also won the 1801 Epsom Oaks among many other races before retiring from racing at age eight to become a broodmare for Bunbury. She produced the stallion Muley, which in turn sired the mare Marpessa (dam of Pocahontas and grandam of Stockwell) and the influential stallion Leviathan which was exported to the United States in the early nineteenth century.

Traditions contained in the tale of Tapkendi however seem to indicate that the plateau was previously held by the Nandi and that Nandi place names were superseded by Maasai names. This is further evinced by certain "Masai place- names in eastern Nandi which indicate that the Masai had temporary possession of strip of Nandi roughly five miles wide", these include Ndalat, Lolkeringeti, Nduele and Ol-lesos, which were by the early nineteenth century in use by the Nandi as koret names.

Most notably, every month kings conducted the New Moon rituals which ensured the fertility of the land and the fecundity of cattle. Furthermore, at least some kings were also regarded as iron smiths (but not smelters). The best-known example of this was the incorporation of iron- working hammers into the royal regalia of Karagwe, generally associated with Omukama Ndagara in the early nineteenth century. These fairly simplistic reconstructions, of course, mask the major tensions and conflicts that existed within these states.

Captain Edmund Palmer, C.B. ( - 19 September 1834) was a Royal Navy officer of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century who is best known for his service as commander of the frigate HMS Hebrus, in the Battle of Jobourg off the Normandy Coast, in the last frigate ship-to-ship battle of the Napoleonic Wars on 27 March 1814. Chasing down the frigate Etoile, which was making for Saint Malo, Palmer cornered and defeated the French ship in a fierce engagement.

Guy Park was used for years in the early nineteenth century as a tavern and stagecoach stop, as it was on the Mohawk Turnpike next to the river, the two main transportation routes across the state. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825, and a lock is located near the house. Later, the house was sold and served again as a private residence for many years. In 1907 the mansion was purchased by the state for preservation as a historic site.

After leaving the Auckland Islands in December 1807, Sarah resumed sperm whaling, calling at Norfolk Island for provisions. Captain Bristow seems to have formed a friendship with the commandant of the penal colony on the island, Joseph Foveaux. They remained in contact and are reported dining together in London in the 1820s.Anne-Maree Whitaker, "From Norfolk Island to Foveaux Strait; Joseph Foveaux's role in the expansion of whaling and sealing in early nineteenth century Australasia," The Great Circle, 26 (1) 2004, p. 54.

In the early nineteenth century, the farm, despite its large size, proved too small and required extension. More space was created in the barn by the building of another floor. In addition, the east wing was doubled in width, beyond the wall, along its entire length - except at the location of a small graveyard. The farm was permanently isolated from the forecourt of the castle by a wall and a half turret built at the end of the west wing.

This address was where she worked, and later resided, until the end of her life. It was here that she developed her style for which she became well known and popular. Typically her oil paintings illustrated elaborate English architectural interiors used as settings for groups of finely-drawn Eighteenth, or early Nineteenth Century figures in detailed Georgian costume. They were created from her imagination as conversation pieces to which it was mainly left for the vendors or owners to provide titles.

In late December, at Santa Anna's behest, the Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag."Haynes (2015), p. 119. In the early nineteenth century, captured pirates were executed immediately. The resolution thus gave the Mexican army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians.

Logbooks from the eighteenth and early nineteenth century had previously been used in case studies of individual events of historic or climatic interest. CLIWOC established early ships' logbooks as another source for those seeking to understand climate change, to be used alongside proxy and instrument data. The observations were made at local noon every single day, and cover most of the world's oceans - only the Pacific Ocean lacks detailed coverage. This volume of data was not available by any other means.