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"driftless" Definitions
  1. having no aim or direction : being without purpose
  2. free from glacial drift
"driftless" Synonyms
random aimless haphazard desultory directionless erratic indiscriminate purposeless blind capricious drifting flighty goalless heedless lost pointless vagrant wandering careless objectless

268 Sentences With "driftless"

How to use driftless in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "driftless" and check conjugation/comparative form for "driftless". Mastering all the usages of "driftless" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Uplands Cheese perches itself atop one of the highest points in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin.
After leaving Software to start Driftless in 2013, how did your views change towards releasing music and the structure of labels?
Sales of Hidden Springs Driftless, a rindless fresh cheese that can be ready in days, have fueled the company's rapid growth.
Check out a condensed version of both calls below, along with a stream of the full release, out now on Driftless Recordings.
Moving onto Driftless was just about me taking control of my music business and feeling confident enough to go out on my own.
Last summer, Mr. Silver, now 28, released a pair of LPs: "Radiance and Submission," on Driftless Recordings, and "The Colours of Life," on 1080p.
He is from Decorah, Iowa, part of the "Driftless Area" in rural northeast Iowa, so called because glaciers left it untouched during the last ice age.
The pair still haven't met in person, or spoken on the phone for that matter, but their debut collection of collaborations is out now on Driftless Recordings.
It felt really organic and still feels that way, but these days with Pat in LA and everything we have going, the Driftless output kind of ebbs and flows.
The Driftless region of Wisconsin, which the glaciers missed during the ice age, is marked by river valleys and bluffs, so farms tend to have less room to spread out.
Featured in the form of "nightly cosmic listening parties," the series will combine ambient recordings with projected visuals, guided by the likes of Laurie Spiegel, Driftless Recordings, and the RVNG Intl. label.
That's because the eastern half of the state, especially in the so-called driftless region along the Mississippi River, has fewer evangelical Christians than just about anywhere in the country outside the Northeast.
In addition to crafting cinematic synth bangers and intimate futuristic pop under his Airbird moniker, he recently became a new father and spends his time co-running Driftless Recordings with LA producer Patrick McDermott.
Here are the books mentioned in this week's "What We're Reading": "The Age of Insight" by Eric Kandel "The Driftless Area" by Tom Drury "The Hyphenated Family" by Hermann Hagedorn "The Woman in White" by Wilkie Collins We would love to hear your thoughts about this episode, and about the Book Review's podcast in general.
WDRT (91.9 FM “Driftless Community Radio”) is a radio station that broadcasts a community radio format. Licensed to Viroqua, Wisconsin, United States, it serves the Driftless Region in Southwest Wisconsin. WDRT first began broadcasting in 2010. The station is currently owned by Driftless Community Radio Inc.
The river is faced by steep bluffs, characteristic of the Driftless Area.
Driftless a winner of the Milkweed Editions National Fiction Prize, is a novel by David Rhodes that was published in 2008.Novelist David Rhodes Returns With 'Driftless', December 23, 2008, NPRBeautiful 'Driftless' is author David Rhodes' finest novel yet, By Alan Cheuse, 2008/12/06, Chicago TribuneDriftless Milkweed Editions It is set in the Driftless area of southwestern Wisconsin. The novel is about the inhabitants of the unincorporated town of Words, and it is told through their eyes and via the ways they interact with and impact one another.
The parkland exhibits the highly stream-carved terrain characteristic of the Driftless Area.
A sandstone outcrop on the flanks of Mount Pisgah Wildcat Mountain State Park lies within the Driftless Area. This is an area of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois that was not covered by glaciers in the Last Ice Age. The term "driftless" indicates a lack of glacial drift, the material left behind by retreating continental glaciers. The hills of the Driftless Area are made of Precambrian sandstone that is topped with limestone.
These form part of Iowa's Coulee Region, otherwise known as the Driftless Area. During the last ice age, much of the Mississippi Valley near Dubuque County was bypassed by glacial flows, which flattened the surrounding land in eastern Illinois, Wisconsin, and western Iowa, leaving the Driftless Area unusually rugged.
He holds a B.S. in biology and marine science from University of Miami, a M.S. degree from University of Hawaii, Manoa, and a M.F.A. from Montana State University. He received an Emmy Award for his work on Mysteries of the Driftless, a documentary film about the Driftless Region. He later filmmed a second feature in the Mysteries of the Driftless. Nelson's current work includes being the director of Untamed Science where he hosts a YouTube show by the same name.
The Jacobi-Lie bracket is essential to proving small-time local controllability (STLC) for driftless affine control systems.
The Driftless Area refers to an unglaciated portion of North America devoid of the glacial drift of surrounding regions.
Driftless was his first book since his return to publishing. Rhodes lives with his wife, Edna, in rural Wonewoc, Wisconsin.
Another factor that may have contributed to the lack of glaciation of the Driftless area is the fractured, permeable bedrock within the paleozoic plateau underlying it, which would have promoted below-ground drainage of subglacial water that would otherwise have lubricated the underside of the glacial ice sheet. The dewatering of the underside of the ice sheet would have inhibited forward movement of the glacier into the Driftless Area, especially from the west. The latest concept explaining the origin of the Driftless Area is the pre-Illinoian continental glacial ice flowing over the Driftless Area and depositing on it pre-Illinoian till, which is more than 790,000 years old. When the ice retreated and uncovered the area, intensive periglacial erosion removed it.
Like many river towns in the Driftless Area, it is situated at the base of the steep bluffs of the river valley.
The adult is about 5-8 millimeters wide,Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge: Wildlife & Habitat. USFWS. with a brownish or greenish shell.
The Upper Mississippi Valley AVA, which primarily covers Driftless Area regions in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin, also covers the Galena region of Illinois.
The upper region of the river is involved with terminal moraines and glacial drift and till, and is not in the Driftless Area.
The rugged nature of the Driftless Area is evident. The contrast between what the rest of Iowa looks like and what the Driftless Area presents is remarkable. For counties inland from the Mississippi, the evidence is largely confined to the valleys of streams and rivers. It encompasses all of Allamakee, and part of Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Winneshiek, Howard, Dubuque, and Jackson counties.
There are also disjunct, relictualChrysosplenium iowense. Flora of North America. occurrences within the United States, in the Driftless Area of Minnesota and Iowa.Chrysosplenium iowense.
Much of central and southwest Wisconsin were never glaciated, leaving the earlier river-generated topography intact; this area is known as the Driftless Area.
"Evolution of the Driftless Area and contiguous regions of midwestern USA through Pleistocene periglacial processes." The Open Geology Journal, vol. 4, pp. 35 – 54.
The Driftless Area, a portion of western and southwestern Wisconsin along with parts of adjacent Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, was not covered by glaciers.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Mineral Point lies within the Driftless Area.
Hartley Fort State Preserve is a Iowa state preserve located on the Upper Iowa River in the Driftless Area, in Allamakee County of Iowa, USA.
Driftless Area Landscape Conservation Initiative. Retrieved August 25, 2017. The rugged terrain is due both to the lack of glacial deposits, or drift, and to the incision of the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries into bedrock. An alternative, less restrictive definition of the Driftless Area includes the sand Plains region northeast of Wisconsin's portion of the incised Paleozoic Plateau in the southwestern part of the state.
Ecologically, the Driftless Area's flora and fauna are more closely related to those of the Great Lakes region and New England than those of the broader Midwest and central Plains regions. Colloquially, the term includes the incised Paleozoic Plateau of southeastern Minnesota and northeastern Iowa."Regional Landscape Ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: Section IV. Driftless Area" , USGS, Retrieved July 13, 2007; another government site, "Driftless Area Initiative" , USDA, retrieved July 15, 2007, gives and The region includes elevations ranging from 603 to 1,719 feet (184 to 524 m) at Blue Mound State Park and covers .U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Maquoketa Caves State Park, a few miles upstream from Maquoketa protects a segment of the Driftless Area's karst topography, characterized by caves, ice caves and sinkholes.
Illinois DNR on Driftless Area , Retrieved July 12, 2007 The result is a deep canyon, part of which is preserved in Apple River Canyon State Park.
It is one of hundreds of bluffs in the Driftless Area, which covers parts of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois, in addition to the southeastern toe of Minnesota.
Relief map of the central Driftless Area emphasizing the high density of trout waters in the region. The Midwest Driftless Area Restoration Effort is a multi-agency cooperative effort to restore the landscape. The main issues are water pollution from agricultural and animal runoff, and erosion. Many farmers in the region utilize Contour plowing, Strip Cropping, and other agricultural practices to reduce soil erosion due to the hilly terrain.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.2%) is water. It is part of the Driftless Zone.
As a part of the Driftless Area of Iowa, it has some geologically interesting areas, particularly the high limestone bluffs. There is a parking lot. Access is year-round.
The series follows a group of park rangers as they work through their daily lives in the fictional Brickleberry National Park near Hazelhurst in the Driftless Region of Illinois.
This snail is limited to patches of algific talus slope habitat. It is a relict species from the last ice age. Much of its remaining habitat is located on the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge in Iowa. Known from fossil evidence about 400,000 years old, it is one of many glacial relict species that remain in the Driftless Area, a glacier-eroded plateau that now makes up parts of Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.
Boscobel is located at (43.136473, -90.70418), in the Driftless Zone. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
The Central Flyway merges with the Mississippi Flyway between Missouri and the Gulf of Mexico. In the northern portions of the Upper Mississippi River, the birds congregate in the Driftless Area.
Map showing extent of the Driftless Area Typical terrain of The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin Glacial map of the great lakes region. Areas with diagonal hatching were glaciated previously. Retreating glaciers leave behind material called drift composed of silt, clay, sand, gravel, and boulders. Glacial drift includes unsorted material called till and layers deposited by meltwater streams called outwash."The Driftless Area" , Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, March 2007 (popular article from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)), Retrieved July 7, 2007 While drift from early (pre-Illinoian) glaciations has been found in some parts of the region,"Yellow River State Forest" , Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), Retrieved July 7, 2007Byron Crowns.
5, pp. 183–196. The Driftless Area is a portion of North America left unglaciated at that ice age's height, hence not smoothed out or covered over by previous geological processes. Inasmuch as the Wisconsin glaciation formed lobes that met (and blocked) where the Mississippi now flows, and given that huge amounts of glacial meltwater were flowing into the Driftless Area, and that there is no lakebed, it is assumed that there were instances of ice dams bursting.
Together with Matt Weber, Sam Grant and Nate Bartley, Craig is a member of the indie rock band Driftless Pony Club as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist. Both the band and Benzine are signed to DFTBA Records. Driftless Pony Club has six albums available: Janel, Cholera, Expert, Buckminster, Magnicifent, and Zastera. Their song "House of 1982, Built Like a Ship" is the theme song to the webseries, MyMusic, which uses other songs in their library throughout the show.
Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois at 1,235 feet, is located in the Driftless Area in the northwestern part of the state. Though Illinois lies entirely in the Interior Plains, it does have some minor variation in its elevation. In extreme northwestern Illinois, the Driftless Area, a region of unglaciated and therefore higher and more rugged topography, occupies a small part of the state. Southern Illinois includes the hilly areas around the Shawnee National Forest.
The 3rd district takes in the Driftless Area in southwestern Wisconsin including Eau Claire and La Crosse. The incumbent is Democrat Ron Kind, who was reelected with 59.7% of the vote in 2018.
As in Wisconsin, the Illinois portion of the driftless area was a major early center for Lead and Zinc mining. The city of Galena, Illinois was named after the lead sulfide mineral Galena.
Clayton County is part of the Driftless Area, a region that completely missed being ice-covered during the last ice age. Streams have deeply carved valleys, while the Mississippi River has spectacular bluffs.
As part of the Driftless Area, Jo Daviess County is known for its scenic stretches of road and valley views. Within Jo Daviess County lies Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois.
The deep valley of East Beaver Creek is indicative of the Driftless Area. Whereas most of the Midwestern United States was blanketed with till, or drift, by three successive ice ages, the Driftless Area remained ice-free. Therefore, streams and rivers have had a longer time to cut into their beds, eroding deep valleys and leaving high ridges. East Beaver Creek, which joins with West Beaver Creek at the north end of the park, is in the drainage system of the Root River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The city is at the northern edge of the Driftless Area of karst topography.
Rhodes grew up outside Des Moines, Iowa. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Marlboro College in 1969 and a Master of Fine Arts degree from The Iowa Writers' Workshop in 1971.Driftless dustjacket (Milkweed Editions, 2008) He published The Last Fair Deal Going Down (Atlantic Little Brown, 1972), The Easter House (Harper & Row, 1974), Rock Island Line (Harper & Row, 1975), Driftless (Milkweed Editions, 2008), and Jewelweed (Milkweed Editions, 2013). In 1977, Rhodes suffered a motorcycle accident that left him paralyzed from the chest down.
They have toured alongside acts such as Driftless Pony Club and Harry and the Potters. Green has cited punk rock acts such as The Mr. T Experience and Green Day as being influential on the band.
The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is a ,Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge, Retrieved July 15, 2007 National Wildlife Refuge located in and along the Upper Mississippi River. It runs from Wabasha, Minnesota in the north to Rock Island, Illinois in the south. (United States Fish and Wildlife Service) In its northern portion, it is in the Driftless Area, a region of North America that remained free from ice during the last ice age. Certain parcels contained within the refuge were later transferred to the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge.
In the state of Illinois, US 20 begins in East Dubuque, following southeastward along the Mississippi River, and continues into the very hilly Driftless Area of northwest Illinois through Galena and Elizabeth. The highway then transitions eastward from the Driftless Area to the Interior Plains near Stockton. The road continues as a bypass north of Freeport, and then runs as a freeway along the southern fringe of Rockford. From Rockford to Chicago, Illinois, US 20 is a mixture of four-lane expressway, four-lane limited access freeway, and winding two-lane surface road.
Algific talus slopes along Howard Creek at Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge, May 2018 Iowa Pleistocene Snail, Discus macclintocki Portions of Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Illinois contain unusual geology. The karst region, referred to as the "Driftless Area", escaped the last glaciers leaving the Paleozoic-age bedrock subject to erosion. In addition to the curious topography of steep slopes and cliffs, there are unique habitats. Certain slopes, usually north facing, are covered with a talus layer that allows ice- cooled air to exit from underground cracks and fissures.
The name means "good seed" or "wild rice". The river is part of the Driftless Area of Illinois and Wisconsin. This region escaped the glaciation experienced by areas to the east and west during the last ice age.
State of Minnesota, Department of Natural Resources. Frontenac State Park. April 2005. The area is near the northern extreme of the Driftless Area of Minnesota, a region that remained unglaciated during the phases of the last ice age.
Stockton is not part of the Driftless Area, but is the first city found outside of it, coming from western Jo Daviess County. One climbs out of the valley of the Upper Mississippi River and finds a high point in Stockton.
Natural fire, which has long been vigorously suppressed, was essential for the regeneration of such prairies. Evidence of ancient extinct ice age animals that once inhabited the Driftless Area has been discovered over the years. An example of extinct Pleistocene megafauna in the area is the Boaz Mastodon, a composite skeleton of two separate Mastodons found in the 1890s in southwestern Wisconsin. Although evidence exists that mastodons inhabited mostly coniferous Spruce forests associated with the Taiga Biome, it is likely that most or all of the Driftless Area was at times covered by Tundra and Permafrost during periods of glacial maximums.
A small portion of the upper reaches of the Turkey River are visible west of the Upper Iowa. To the west, outside the Driftless Area where more regular topography is evident, tributaries of the Wapsipinicon and the Cedar Rivers are seen. The Driftless Area is a region in southwestern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, and the extreme northwestern corner of Illinois, of the American Midwest. The region escaped the flattening effects of glaciation during the last ice age and is consequently characterized by steep, forested ridges, deeply carved river valleys, and karst geology characterized by spring-fed waterfalls and cold- water trout streams.
The Effigy Mounds National Monument is noted for being in the Driftless Area, an area of North America which escaped glaciation during the last ice age. The adjacent Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge takes its name from this region. The Park Service writes that: > Patchy remnants of Pre-Illinoian glacial drift more than 500,000 years old > recently have been discovered in the area. Unlike the rest of Iowa, the > Paleozoic Plateau was bypassed by the last of the Pleistocene glaciers (the > Wisconsin), allowing the region's fast cutting streams to expose and carve > out deep channels in the bedrock-dominated terrain.
Also known as the Driftless Area, this region of scenic, high relief landscapes includes such features as resistant, bluff-forming bedrock outcrops, deep V-shaped valleys, caves, springs, and sinkholes. Glacial deposits and loess are thin or absent over most of the region.
Woodbine is an unincorporated community in Woodbine Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States. It lies east of Elizabeth and west of Stockton, in the Driftless Zone. Woodbine features a mechanic shop, a championship golf course, two specialty shops and Grace Bible Church.
Rochester is 44 miles to the west of Winona, La Crescent is 21 miles to the south, and La Crosse is 30 miles to the southeast. Winona is part of the driftless area that includes southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois.
This process was absent in the Driftless Area, where the original Drainage systems persisted during and after the ice age. Water erosion continued carving the existing gullies, ravines, stream beds, and river valleys ever deeper into the paleozoic plateau, following the original drainage patterns.
The county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.09%) is water. The county is part of the Driftless Area or Paleozoic plateau. This part of Minnesota was ice-free during the last ice age. Fillmore County also displays a karst topography.
Wadena is located at (42.840464, -91.656473). Wadena is located along Iowa County Road W51, two miles south of Iowa State Route 56. It is located in Iowa's Driftless Area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Driftless Pony Club is a Chicago, Illinois-based indie rock band. Its lead singer and guitarist is Craig Benzine, who also produces YouTube videos under the alias "WheezyWaiter". After releasing two albums (2004's Janel and 2006's Cholera) on the Madison, Wisconsin-based Sector Five Records, the band signed with DFTBA Records, on which they released their first profitable release, the EP Expert, in August 2009. Driftless Pony Club has toured across the United States multiple times, and has performed in lineups with other bands affiliated with DFTBA Records including Hank Green and the Perfect Strangers, Andrew Huang, Rob Scallon, and Harry and the Potters.
The region is characterized "by the absence of glacial drift deposits, the sculpted topography, and the presence of the ancient limestone immediately beneath the soil and in cliff outcroppings."Nancy Kleven, "The Driftless Area Of Minnesota", Winter 1989, Minnesota Plant Press, 8(2) (online) The Minnesota Driftless Area did not reach the Twin Cities or any areas to the north or west of them; rather, the Twin Cities marked the edge of glaciation, with substantial terminal moraines overlying the region. The largest protected area is Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest, which contains some state- owned land, but is mostly private, controlled by state conservation easements.
She obtained the role of a mysterious woman in the neo-noir drama The Driftless Area (2015), screened at the Tribeca Film Festival and released for VOD. She voiced a kind-hearted Bergen, Bridget, in the animated family comedy Trolls (2016), which grossed US$344 million worldwide.
Nodine is located within the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest, and the driftless area of southeast Minnesota. Great River Bluffs State Park is nearby. The Nodine Culvert Man, a business attraction for Nodine Culvert Company, stands in the community, approximately 30 feet tall.Nice Minnesota.
Boszhardt, 2016, p. 164-165. Tainter Cave showed archaeologists that deep sandstone caves could exist in the Driftless area, and they could contain rock art. Once that was established, another deep sandstone cave with drawings was found 20 miles away - Larsen Cave.Boszhardt, 2003, Deep, p. 57.
The eastern end of the range was glaciated during the Wisconsinian glaciation, while the western half was not, and consequently, marks the eastern boundary of Wisconsin's Driftless Area. The city of Baraboo is in the center of the valley. The range was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980.
Much of the river's course is very scenic, coursing between vegetated limestone cliffs. The watershed is located in northeastern Iowa's unglaciated Driftless Area. The catchment measures and is mainly state forest or farmland. Much of the region is quite rugged, and little urban development has encroached upon it.
In 2000, he moved his studio from Chicago to Galena, Illinois where he is influenced and inspired as a landscape painter by the Driftless Area of the Upper Mississippi River Valley. In 2007, the Dubuque Museum of Art selected and exhibited two of his works for the Dubuque Biennial.
Very few rocks from the Mesozoic are preserved in Wisconsin, other than occasional areas of non-marine Cretaceous gravel and clay rich in iron. Select rocks in the Driftless Area have yielded ammonite fossils from the middle Turonian period, when Wisconsin was covered by the Western Interior Seaway.
The county is in the Driftless Zone, marked by the absence of glacial drift and presence of bedrock cut by streams into steep hills. The plateau that surrounds Caledonia includes flat, fertile farm land and hilly, verdant pasture land. Soils of Houston CountyNelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota.
Lancaster is located at (42.848505, −90.710430). Lancaster is located in the unglaciated "Driftless Area" of southwest Wisconsin whose topography is strikingly different from that of the rest of the state. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Northeast Iowa, part of the Driftless Area, has led the state in development of its regional food system and grows and consumes more local food than any other region in Iowa. Iowa's Driftless Region is also home to the nationally recognized Seed Savers Exchange, a non-profit seed bank housed at an 890-acre heritage farm near Decorah, in the northeast corner of the state. The largest nongovernmental seed bank of its kind in the United States, Seed Savers Exchange safeguards more than 20,000 varieties of rare, heirloom seeds. As of 2007, the direct production and sale of conventional agricultural commodities contributed only about 3.5% of Iowa's gross state product.2007 Iowa Factbook p.
Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Retrieved July 23, 2007 Superb site, but Beware, this is a very long PDF document The Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge was primarily carved out of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge in order to protect these species and their associated ecosystems. Isolated relic stands of pines and associated northern vegetation are found in some locations where algific talus slopes are present. These trees survive in the cooler Microclimate produced at these locations outside of their current range further north. A particularly noteworthy annual event is the rising of fishflies, a kind of mayfly endemic to the Mississippi valley in the region.
The Iowa Pleistocene Snail was believed extinct until it was discovered on algific talus slopes in northeast Iowa in 1955. Placed on the Endangered Species List in 1977, Congress created the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge in 1989 to protect this species, as well as threatened and some relict species.Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Retrieved July 24, 2007 Much of this refuge was carved out of pre-existing protected areas, most notably the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. The Northern monkshood is a threatened wildflower in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) occurring in the Driftless Area as well as in New York State and receives similar protection.
The period of 1050-1200 A.D. marked a transitional period leading to the end of the Late Woodland Effigy mound culture in Wisconsin's Driftless area. In reference to this point, interaction between the southernmost Middle-Mississippian tribes and northern Late Woodland groups, as well as evidence toward Middle-Mississippian migration up north, had ultimately been rare. When Iva was discovered in the northern part of what was the Driftless Area, it contained a combination of both Middle Mississippian and Late Woodland vessel shards. The vessels' proximity to one- another, as well as the site's inclusion of various ecofacts reminiscent of a ceremonial feast had influenced the belief that the two effigy mound societies had interacted.
Trempealeau Mountain with the Trempealeau River in foreground The Trempealeau River (pronounced TREM-puh-lo) is an U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed October 5, 2012 tributary of the Mississippi River in the Driftless Area of western Wisconsin in the United States.
Holmen contains wooded areas, hills, and bluffs, typical of the Driftless Area, or Coulee Region. The Mississippi River passes just to the southwest of the village. Holmen is located at (43.955330, -91.259132). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land.
West Blue Mound (elev. ), the park's namesake, rises approximately above the Military Ridge. However, when viewed from several miles to the north or south, the apparent local relief becomes more like . The mountain, as most of the other large mounds of the Driftless Area, is an outlier of Niagara dolomitic limestone.
It flows for its entire length in Grant County. The city of Potosi is located near its mouth. Tributaries include Boice Creek, Rattlesnake Creek, Pigeon Creek, Blake Fork, Little Grant River, Borah Creek, and Rogers Branch. As part of the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, the river has a substantial valley.
Rochester's Downtown area from Silver Lake Park in the 2000s Zumbrota Ice on the Zumbro in March The Zumbro River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the Driftless Area of southeastern Minnesota in the United States. It is longU.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data.
It receives its name from the family who sold the land to the state. It is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region which escaped being glaciated during the last ice age. It is adjacent to the Canoe Creek Wildlife Management Area and the Upper Iowa Access hunting area.
Relief map showing primarily the Minnesota part of the Driftless Area. The wide diagonal river is the Upper Mississippi River. In this area, it forms the boundary between Minnesota and Wisconsin. The rivers entering the Mississippi from the west are, from the bottom up, the Upper Iowa, Root, Whitewater, Zumbro, and Cannon Rivers.
Water pollution is particularly critical in karsted regions such as this, in that it can degrade or destroy prime cold water fish habitat. Soil erosion presents the Army Corps of Engineers with a particular problem, in that it requires them to dredge the Mississippi River shipping channels to keep them open. Trout Unlimited is part of this effort, if only because of the superb cold-water streams the region supports. A symposium was held in October 2007 in Decorah, Iowa, "to share the results of research, management and monitoring work in the Driftless Area."“Science in the Driftless Area”, Announcement and Call for Papers, Deadline August 24, 2007 (press release), Again retrieved with different URL, November 16, 2007 The Nature Conservancy is also interested.
Carley State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, about northeast of Rochester and about south of Plainview in Wabasha County. It is used for picnics, camping, hiking, and other outdoor recreation. It is known for the bluebell flowers that bloom there every spring. It is located in the Driftless Area of Minnesota.
Some of these features were created when a glacial pocket was formed during the Wisconsin glaciation where the advance of the glacier halted, along the edge of what is known as the Driftless Area. Devil's Lake State Park, Wisconsin's largest state park, contains large areas of the Baraboo Hills. Pewits Nest is located outside Baraboo.
Viroqua is located at (43.556534, -90.887663). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. The city is in the Driftless Region, near the western end of the Ocooch Mountains. Northern Wisconsin Co-op Tobacco Pool Warehouse represents the first tobacco- grower co-operative in the nation.
This part of the Driftless Area in the southwestern section of Wisconsin's Central Plain also lacks evidence of glaciation (although it was modified by glacial meltwaters that collected in Glacial Lake Wisconsin), and contains many isolated hills, bluffs, mesas, buttes, and pinnacles that are outlying eroded Cambrian bedrock remnants of the plateau to the southwest.
Historic Bluff Country National Scenic Byway is an alternate designation for Minnesota State Highway 16, an highway in southeastern Minnesota. The route follows the Root River through the hills, bluffs, and valleys of the Driftless Area. The river provides fishing, canoeing, and other recreational opportunities. Much of Minnesota's Amish population lives along the route.
Bur oak savanna in Wisconsin hill country (the Driftless Area) in winter The name sometimes is spelled "burr oak", as for example in Burr Oak State Park in Ohio, the cities of Burr Oak, Iowa and Burr Oak, Kansas, the village of Burr Oak, Michigan, and in the title Burr Oaks by poet Richard Eberhart.
Winona County lies on Minnesota's border with Wisconsin and is part of the driftless area that defines southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin and northwestern Illinois. The Mississippi, flowing south-southeast, defines the county's eastern border. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (St. Paul District) maintains the lock and dam system in this region.
After eighty-five years, Little Norway closed its doors due to financial reasons. Many of the objects in the museum were auctioned to historical preservation and interpretation organizations, and the stave church returned to Norway. Today, visitors to the Driftless Historium in Mount Horeb can take virtual, 3-D tours of the stave church.
U.S. 20 continues as a freeway east of Waterloo. It intersects Iowa Highway 150 at Independence and Iowa Highway 13 at Manchester, as well as junctioning a number of county roads serving smaller communities. Approximately between Independence and Manchester go over a terminal moraine and enter the Driftless Area, a region it will not exit until reaching Stockton, Illinois.
Mississippi Palisades State Park, is a National Natural Landmark located in Carroll County, Illinois just north of the town of Savanna. It is a partially conserved section of the Mississippi Palisades. The area contains many caves and large cliffs along the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Apple River in the Driftless Area of far northwestern Illinois.
Coldwater Creek Wildlife Management Area is a state hunting ground near Bluffton, and is near to the cave system. The cave is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa and Minnesota, a region characterized by karst topography, which involves disappearing streams, blind valleys, sinkholes, caves, cold springs, and cold streams, all of which are present here.
The doubletrack is groomed for cross-country skiing in winter. The singletrack is popular with mountain biking enthusiasts in summer and autumn.IMBA Epics: The Rides: Levis-Trow Mound Epic, Neillsville, Wisconsin The system is named for the Levis and Trow mounds that the trails circle and ascend. The mounds are monadnocks on the fringe of the Driftless Area.
The Temple Theatre serves as an arts and cultural center for surrounding counties. A $1.6 million restoration of the 1922 classical revival style vaudeville and movie theater was driven by volunteers. There are a large number of organic farms in the Driftless Region surrounding Viroqua, which supports startup business ventures, restaurants, and a budding tourism industry.
The rural area surrounding Blair is in the Town of Preston. Nearby communities include Taylor, Arcadia, Independence, Hixton, and Galesville. The Trempealeau River near Blair was dammed to create Lake Henry, named after one of the first settlers. Blair is in the Driftless Area, which was undisturbed by the last great glacial flow over North America.
Iowa Pleistocene snail Northern monkshood The Driftless Area contains more than half of the world's algific talus slopes, a type of small, isolated ecosystem. These refugia create cool summer and fall microclimates which host species usually found further north. They contain at least one endangered species, the Iowa Pleistocene Snail, and a threatened plant, the Northern monkshood.
Highway 16 parallels Interstate 90 throughout its route and allows travelers the opportunity to experience Minnesota's Driftless Area. The route passes through the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest in Fillmore and Houston counties. Forestville Mystery Cave State Park is located near Highway 16 in Fillmore County. The park is located between Spring Valley and Preston.
Parker and Di Franco toured together in 1999. She has appeared on several compilations of the songs of Pete Seeger and frequented his Hudson Clearwater Revival Festival. In 2001 she appeared on Brazilian artist Lenine's album Falange Canibal. In 2002 her rendition of Greg Brown's "The Poet Game" appeared on Going Driftless: An Artist's Tribute to Greg Brown.
The community was abandoned by 1900. Many people remained in the area and established small family farms. They used the natural resources of the Driftless Area in the Kickapoo Valley to provide them with many of their needs. They built their homes near streams that provided a steady supply of fresh water and fish for eating.
But as glaciers came to cover the continent, they toppled the ridges and filled in the valleys, creating smooth plains. The Western Upland of Wisconsin is part of the Driftless Area, a region that has avoided being covered by glaciers for the past several million years. This explains why the region has retained its rugged landscape.
This stretch crosses many major rivers including both the Wapsipinicon and the Maquoketa. The road eventually goes into the Driftless Area where it meets up with US 61 around the Dubuque Regional Airport. US 52 briefly joins the two routes, concurrently, for two miles south of Dubuque. The combined road then heads into the state of Wisconsin.
Perrot State Park is a state park in Wisconsin's Driftless Area at the confluence of the Trempealeau and Mississippi rivers. The park features views of steep limestone bluffs and the river valleys. It has observation platforms for watching wildlife, including the variety of birds which inhabit or migrate through the park. Hiking trails and camping are available.
The park is on the edge of the Baraboo Range in an unglaciated Driftless Area of south-central Wisconsin. Outcrops of quartzite, hardened sand deposited about 1.6 billion years ago jut out of the tops of these hills. The arch and rock shelter have been weathered out of one such outcropping. The top of the arch is above the ground.
The 3rd congressional district covers much of the Driftless Area in southwestern and western Wisconsin; The district includes the cities of La Crosse and Eau Claire. It borders the states of Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois. Democrat Ron Kind has represented the district since 1997. The PVI of the third district is EVEN, indicating an almost equal support of Democrats and Republicans.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. It is within the Driftless Zone of the Midwest. Just upstream from the intersection between Elk Creek and the Trempealeau is the dam impounding Bugle Lake. The present dam was built in 1935 as part of the Works Progress Administration.
Iowa 128 begins a T-intersection with Iowa 13 north of Elkader. It passes through rolling farmland on the western edge of the Driftless Area, a geologically distinct area of northeastern Iowa characterized by undulating terrain, high bluffs, and low river valleys. It travels nearly to the east until it ends at an intersection with US 52 north of Garnavillo.
Sinkholes result from the collapse of a cave's roof, and surface water can flow directly into them. Disappearing streams can reemerge as large cold springs. Cold streams with cold springs as their sources are superb trout habitat. Due to the rapid movement of underground water through regions with karst topography, groundwater contamination is a major concern in the Driftless area.
The Driftless Area is a 2015 Canadian-American neo-noir drama-comedy film directed by Zachary Sluser and starring Anton Yelchin, Zooey Deschanel, and John Hawkes. Alia Shawkat, Aubrey Plaza, Frank Langella, and Ciarán Hinds also appear in supporting roles. The film is based on the 2006 novel of the same title by Tom Drury, who co-wrote the screenplay with Sluser.
U.S. 52 enters Fillmore County and heads through the same Driftless Area it ran through in Iowa. The route heads through Preston and proceeds north to Chatfield. Highway 52 leaves the river bluffs near Chatfield and enters terrain typical of southern Minnesota. This area is mostly farmland for the rest of the length until the route enters the city of Rochester.
In Howard County, the highway makes a transition into the Driftless Area of Iowa, with progressively more rugged terrain evident as one travels east. West of Cresco, and south of Lime Springs, it crosses U.S. Route 63 before going through Cresco. In the process, it crosses two tributaries of the Turkey River. The alt=Summertime overlooking a wide and winding river.
The Jo Daviess Conservation Foundation was created as a charitable organization in 1993 to protect open spaces in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. The foundation currently protects 6 areas and participates in protection of a seventh. The area protected by the foundation includes the Driftless Area of northwest Illinois and stretches of the Mississippi River, along with its tributaries and geological structures.
Scales Mound lies at the northwestern tip of Illinois in Jo Daviess County, part of the Driftless Area. Scales Mound is located at (42.478098, −90.250544) near the highest point in Illinois, Charles Mound, and on the Stagecoach Trail. It has an annual festival, Stagecoach Trail days. According to the 2010 census, Scales Mound has a total area of , all land.
Waukon is located at (43.268889, -91.479212). The headwaters of the north branch of Paint Creek are in Waukon, and the town is just south of the headwaters of Village Creek.Samuel Calvin, Drainage, Geology of Allamakee County, Third Annual Report, 1894, Iowa Geological Survey, 1895; pp. 50–51. This is on the west edge of the deeply eroded Driftless Area of northwest Iowa.
Charles Mound, located in the Driftless region, has the state's highest natural elevation above sea level at . Other highlands include the Shawnee Hills in the south, and there is varying topography along its rivers; the Illinois River bisects the state northeast to southwest. The floodplain on the Mississippi River from Alton to the Kaskaskia River is known as the American Bottom.
The dolomite fractured off along vertical joints, leaving sheer rock faces still visible today. Side streams flowing into the Mississippi cut gullies into the river banks, creating a series of bluffs capped with erosion-resistant dolomite. Located in the Driftless Region of southeast Minnesota, the area was missed by the most recent Wisconsonian glaciation, and therefore is a region of deep river valleys dissecting the upland plains.
Rushford Wagon and Carriage Company, now an apartment building, with "Rushford" on the side of the bluff behind it. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The city of Rushford is completely surrounded by another city, Rushford Village. Rushford is located in southeastern Minnesota's Bluff Country, part of the driftless area.
Measuring , the region is heavily forested, mainly in species of oak and maple. The geology of the area is particularly noteworthy. As part of the Driftless Area, it was left unglaciated during the last Ice Age, with very ancient dolomite formations dating from the Silurian period. A large ridge of rock divides the park, resembling a spine, and lends its name to the park and adjacent forest.
The river is part of the Driftless Area of Illinois and Wisconsin. This region remained ice free during the last ice age, contributing to the rugged appearance of the river canyon. The name "Sinsinawa" is associated with Sinsinawa Mound in Grant County, Wisconsin. One version holds that "Sinsinawa" derives from an Algonquian word (possibly Potawatomi, Fox or Menominee language) for "rattlesnake" to describe the Sioux.
The official single release date of "Afraid of the Dark" was September 17, 2013. In the United States, it was issued by Driftless Recordings, while in the United Kingdom it was distributed by Copyright Control. It was the second single released from Ejecta's debut studio album Dominae, which was released on November 4. On the album, "Afraid of the Dark" is the fifth out of ten tracks.
Near the Clinton–Jackson county line, the terrain begins to get hillier. The highway is entering the extreme southern end of the Driftless Area, a region of the Midwest that avoided glaciation during the last Ice Age. West of Sabula, US 67 meets Iowa 64\. The US Highway merges onto the state highway, and the two routes head east together for until they meet US 52\.
It then flows through the Iowa counties of Hancock, Howard, Winneshiek, and Allamakee, and finally into the Upper Mississippi River. Along its course, it passes through the Iowa cities of Chester, Lime Springs, Florenceville, Kendallville, Bluffton, Decorah. Its watershed comprises nearly . The Upper Iowa and its tributaries are part of the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region that was ice-free during the last ice age.
It ends in Lake Pepin of the Mississippi River, about west of the village of Maiden Rock in Pierce County. The largest tributary is Lost Creek. Three small communities are located on the river: Centerville, Martell, and El Paso. While the land near the source is relatively flat, the river soon falls into a steep valley typical of the Driftless Area, with outcrops of sandstone and limestone.
As it approaches the Mississippi River, the road reenters the Driftless Area. After crossing the Turkey River, the highway rises nearly in elevation before descending again at Guttenberg. North of Guttenberg, US 52 rises out of the Mississippi valley and travels west and then northwest away from the river. North of Garnavillo, it intersects Iowa 128, which serves as a cutoff to Iowa 13 near Elkader.
This prehistoric cemetery was acquired by the state in 1935 as a donation from the Fish family. It became an archaeological state preserve in 1968. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region which escaped being glaciated during the last ice age, near the mouth of the Upper Iowa River.
Governor Dodge State Park is a Wisconsin state park outside Dodgeville in Iowa County, Wisconsin. Named after Henry Dodge, the first governor of the Wisconsin Territory, the park contains geologic features indicative of the Driftless Area. It is located 4.1 miles north of the Central business district of the City of Dodgeville. The land is mostly oak and hickory forest with some sandstone bluff outcroppings and one named waterfall, Stephen's Falls.
Fort Atkinson The Driftless Area of northeast Iowa has many steep hills and deep valleys, checkered with forest and terraced fields. Effigy Mounds National Monument in Allamakee and Clayton Counties has the largest assemblage of animal-shaped prehistoric mounds in the world. Waterloo is home of the Grout Museum and is headquarters of the Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area. Cedar Falls is home of the University of Northern Iowa.
East of town, it crosses into the Driftless Area, an area that was untouched by glaciation during the last ice age. The route turns to the northeast to through Clermont and then to the north to meet US 52 at Postville in southern Allamakee County. The two routes head east through Postville and turn south into Clayton County. Near Froelich, US 52 leaves to the south towards Dubuque.
After the completion of the Southwest Arterial in 2020, a similar change took place as US 52 was once again removed from the Iowa Highway 3 alignment and once again routed from Luxemburg to Dyersville to Dubuque, then onto the Southwest Arterial, to US 61/US 151, finally reaching its former routing at Key West. The majority of US 52 in Iowa is located within the unglaciated Driftless Area.
Karst topography is found throughout the Driftless area. This is characterized by caves and cave systems, disappearing streams, blind valleys, underground streams, sinkholes, springs, and cold streams. Disappearing streams occur where surface waters sinks down into the earth through fractured bedrock or a sinkhole, either joining an aquifer, or becoming an underground stream. Blind valleys are formed by disappearing streams and lack an outlet to any other stream.
The Quad Cities Metropolitan Area is on both sides of the Mississippi River separating Illinois from Iowa. The Illinois side includes Henry County, Mercer County, and Rock Island County. In extreme northwestern Illinois the Driftless Zone, a region of unglaciated and therefore higher and more rugged topography, occupies a small part of the state. Charles Mound, located in this region, is the state's highest elevation above sea level.
Weister Creek is a stream, some long, in Vernon County (formerly Bad Axe County) in southwestern Wisconsin in the United States and is a tributary of the Kickapoo River. It lies in the Driftless Area which is characterized by hills and valleys apparently missed by the last glacial advance during the Pleistocene. Much of the lower half of Weister Creek is surrounded by wetlands and lies in the Kickapoo Valley Reserve.
However the park's caves were closed to humans between 2010 and April 2012 in the hopes of protecting the resident bats from white nose syndrome. The park is in the Driftless Area of Iowa. This region escaped being glaciated in the last ice age, while regions to the east and west were not spared. The park has been subjected to hundreds of thousands of years of natural non-glacial erosion.
Baraboo Range The National Natural Landmarks (NNLs) in Wisconsin include 18 of the almost 600 such landmarks in the United States. They cover areas of geological, biological and historical importance, and include dune and swales, swamps, bogs, and virgin forests. Several of the sites provide habitat for rare or endangered plant and animal species. The Driftless Area in southwest Wisconsin is known for its rare species, especially in the Baraboo Range.
State Trunk Highway 131 (also called Highway 131, STH 131 or WIS 131) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The highway is located in Wisconsin's Driftless Area, and it passes through Crawford, Vernon, Richland, and Monroe counties. It runs from WIS 60 near Wauzeka north to US Highway 12 (US 12) and WIS 16 in Tomah. WIS 131 is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT).
The Platte and Little Platte Rivers lie in exceptionally hilly terrain known as the Driftless Area. Many steep limestone bluffs dominate the landscape, often covered by white pine, which is uncharacteristic in the region. The vast majority of the area is covered in farmland and forest. The combination of the rugged terrain and extensive agriculture leads to significant runoff after storms, contributing to the many rapids along both rivers.
The cave is in the drainage of Bloody Run Creek, a small tributary of the Upper Mississippi River. A lock and dam maintain water levels sufficient for boat access; the cave's stream is allowed to drain to its natural, shin-high depth during the winter. Geologically, the cave is in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region characterized by karst topography, caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and cold springs.
Much of the area was covered by glaciers about 500,000 years ago, while parts of the Driftless Area were unglaciated. The algific talus slope habitat that harbors the snail is a landscape cooled by air and water emerging from masses of subterranean ice. The ground temperature rarely exceeds 50 °F even in summer. Here the snail feeds on leaf litter from trees (mainly birch, maple and dogwood) and shrubs.
The bluffs along the Wisconsin River are formed of Jordan Sandstone. The park lies within the Driftless Area, a region of the American Midwest that remained ice-free through three successive ice ages. In the 19th century the Wisconsin River flowed directly past the base of the bluffs. The river has since shifted slightly, and a stream known as Mill Creek marks the northern boundary of the park.
His album Solid Heart CD was recorded in 1999 during a benefit concert. Two releases followed in 2000: Over and Under (Trailer Records) and the critically acclaimed Covenant, which won the Association for Independent Music’s award for Best Contemporary Folk Album of 2000. A 2002 tribute album, Going Driftless: An Artist’s Tribute to Greg Brown featured guest vocal performances by Ani DiFranco, Gillian Welch, Shawn Colvin, and his three daughters.
WDRT started as an Internet audio stream on 30 June 2005 while Driftless Community Radio, Inc. (DCR) was waiting for the US FCC to accept applications for new non-commercial radio stations. radiodriftless.org (now defunct) streamed audio, both live and pre-recorded for four years. After negotiating a buyout with a competitive license application in Sparta, WI, DCR was granted a construction permit by the FCC on 24 March 2009.
Cadiz Springs State Recreation Area is a state park unit of Wisconsin, United States, featuring two reservoirs on a spring-fed creek. The creek was dammed to provide water recreation opportunities in the Driftless Area, a region with few natural lakes. The total surface area of Beckman and Zander Lakes is . The current park was created in 1980 when Cadiz Springs State Park was combined with the Browntown Wildlife Area.
At Luxemburg, Iowa 3 meets U.S. Route 52, with which Iowa 3 continues for the rest of its length, and Iowa Highway 136. The next , from Luxemburg to Sageville, are particularly curvy because the routes enter completely into the Driftless Area. At Sageville, US 52 / Iowa 3 meet Iowa Highway 32, Dubuque's Northwest Arterial. US 52 / Iowa 3 enter Dubuque along Central Avenue, which becomes a one-way street paired with White Street near downtown.
The King Coulee Site is located near the mouth of a valley that empties into Lake Pepin. The stream that carved the valley—or "coulee" in the parlance of the Driftless Area—carried sediments down into a small floodplain. Over the centuries the sediments grew deeper while Lake Pepin's water level rose, creating a layer of saturated soil that preserves organic material stretching back 3,500 years. The biofacts include wood, nut shells, and seeds.
The river rises in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, south of Benton and southwest of Shullsburg. It enters Illinois in Jo Daviess County to flow through the city of Galena before it joins the upper Mississippi River a few miles south and west. The river is part of the Driftless Area of Illinois and Wisconsin. This region was ice-free during the Wisconsin glaciation and underwent hundreds of thousands of years of glacial- free erosion.
The 2007 Midwest flooding, which affected the hilly Driftless area of southeast Minnesota was the result of a training pattern of storms mixing warm moist air from Tropical Storm Erin with cooler Canadian air, resulting in record 24-hour rainfall totals of up to , with a similar flooding event in 2010 as a result of the remnants of tropical storm Georgette in the eastern Pacific and Hurricane Karl in the Gulf of Mexico.
Luther lies at the edge of Decorah, a small town situated in the hilly driftless region of the Upper Midwest. The Upper Iowa River flows through the lower portion of the nearly central campus. The college owns an adjoining devoted to environmental research, biological studies, and recreation. Luther student housing includes residence halls (Miller Hall, Dieseth Hall, Ylvisaker Hall, Farwell Hall, Brandt Hall, Larsen Hall, Olson Hall) and several houses, townhouses, and apartment buildings.
Tim Geer is helping Stella deal with her situation and get retribution for a life stolen. (They also seem aware of Pierre's imminent fate, one which Stella hopes to spare him.) Shane, his brother Ned, and Lyle come to Driftless to get back their money. Eventually they catch up to Pierre, who leads the trio into a trap. Over a disagreement at their predicament, short-tempered Shane shoots Lyle through the heart.
Black River Falls is located at (44.297166, -90.849263). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. The city is located on the falls of the Black River at the northeast edge of the Driftless Area, where the river cuts through a region of granite. Jackson County Website The falls are covered by a hydroelectric dam, forming the Black River Flowage.
Spring Valley Caverns is a cave system in southeastern Minnesota near Spring Valley, Minnesota in Fillmore County. The region is within the Driftless Area, a region noted for its karst topography, which includes caves and sinkholes. Located on the privately owned Cave Preserve, the system measures over 5 3/4 miles in length, making it the largest privately owned system in Minnesota. It is listed as the 138th longest in the United StatesCaverbob.
The 53 images consist primarily of long-grain and end- grain specimens taken from this property. Schanilec created the award-winning Mayflies of the Driftless Region (published 2005), offering detailed close-up engravings of mayflies and lengthy descriptions of them. The book won a Judges Choice Award at the 2005 Oxford Fine Press Bookfair and the Carl Hertzog Award for "excellence in book design." In 2006, Schanilec provided illustrations for Old Swayback.
The cave is in a layer of St. Peter Sandstone near the top of a ridge in the Driftless Area. From the entrance on the east-facing side of the ridge, it penetrates over 175 feet to the southwest. The front of the first chamber is lit by natural light from the opening; the two chambers behind it are pitch black. The ceiling is generally low, requiring one to crawl or stoop.
Artists signed under the label have seen their shares of success, as well as unforeseen growth due to signing with the label, such as Craig Benzine and his band, Driftless Pony Club. In 2009, speaking about the artists signed under the label, Lastufka stated, "A lot of [our artists] are very nichey." Within two years, the record label was able to garner over $1 million in total sales, including music and merchandise.
The park is in the Driftless Area, noted for its karst topography, which includes sinkholes and caves. The park is about from Mystery Cave and occupies approximately , with camping, interpretive programs, and hiking, horseback, cross-country skiing trails, cold water streams and excellent trout fishing. The cave includes stalactites, stalagmites, and underground pools, and is a constant . It has over of passages in two rock layers and is being resurveyed and remapped by volunteers.
Following up to the release of Dominae, three singles came out from the album, which were "Jeremiah (The Denier)", released on August 20, 2013, "Afraid of the Dark" on September 17, 2013, and "It's Only Love" on October 10. On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the album would be released on November 4. It was issued North America by Driftless Recordings, and in the United Kingdom by Happy Death and Copyright Control.
In Wisconsin, they are the product of nearly a half million years of erosion, unmodified by glaciation (see Driftless AreaCotton Mather, "Coulees and the coulee country of Wisconsin", pp. 22-25, Wisconsin Academy Review, September 1976 (James R. Batt, (ed.)), Retrieved July 26, 2007). The loose rocks at the base of the wall form what are called scree slopes. These are formed when chunks of the canyon wall give way in a rockslide.
Eagle Creek and Waumandee Creek flow into Fountain City Bay northwest of the city limits. Eagle Creek flows around the base of Eagle Bluff, one of the tallest bluffs along the Mississippi. The steep bluffs are characteristic of the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, a region that was not smoothed over by glacier like much of the rest of the Midwest, but rather deeply cut by runoff from the rapidly melting glaciers.
The state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin's geography is diverse, having been greatly impacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area. The Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupies the western part of the state, with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin is third to Ontario and Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.
According to the WDNR (2012) these issues include noise, lights, hours of operation, damage and excessive wear to roads from trucking traffic, public safety concerns from the volume of truck traffic, possible damage and annoyance resulting from blasting, and concerns regarding aesthetics and land use changes. As of 2013, industrial frac sand mining has become a cause for activism, especially in the Driftless Area of southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa and southwest Wisconsin.
Iowa can be divided into eight landforms based on glaciation, soils, topography, and river drainage. Loess hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Northeast Iowa along the Upper Mississippi River is part of the Driftless Area, consisting of steep hills and valleys which appear almost mountainous. Several natural lakes exist, most notably Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake, and East Okoboji Lake in northwest Iowa (see Iowa Great Lakes).
Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation. Dubuque is a tourist destination featuring the city's unique architecture and river location. It is home to five institutions of higher education, making it a center for culture and learning. Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing, but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century.
Blue Mound State Park is a state park in Wisconsin, United States, located atop the largest hill in the southern half of the state, near the village of Blue Mounds. The park features a pair of observation towers affording views of the Wisconsin River valley and Baraboo Range to the north, the mounds, buttes, and rolling forests of the Driftless Area to the south and west, and the young glacial plains and city of Madison to the east.
The land between Frontenac Station and Old Frontenac, as well as much of the land to the north and some to the south, was set aside as a State Park in 1957. Frontenac State Park includes the floodplain along the Mississippi River, bluffs which are a flyway for many migratory bird species, prairies and hardwood forests. It is within the Mississippi Flyway and is also part of the Driftless Area of the north central United States.
Geologically, the plateau is part of the extended plateau of the Great Plains in the Dakotas, and is separated from the main plateau to the west by the Missouri River Trench. The plateau is underlain by Pierre shale covered with hardened deposits from repeated glaciations. The plateau also contains deposits of lignite, mirabilite (sodium sulfate), and bentonite. While subjected to continental glaciation, it was north and west of the Driftless Area, an area which escaped glaciation.
There are no real waterfalls, but some very strong springs bear the name. A modern, man-made characteristic is the comparatively twisty nature of highways in the region, such as in Kentucky, in contrast to the usually rigid east- west/north-south alignment elsewhere in the Midwest. Here, the roads switchback up stream valleys or travel over ridge tops. The route of U.S. Highway 20 through the Driftless, and particularly in Illinois, is a good example.
The deeply carved river valleys, such as the upper Canaan Valley to Blackwater Canyon and the Dolly Sods Wilderness to Cheat River areas, are called Paleozoic Plateaus. The "Driftless Area" drains into rivers having rugged regions of bluffs and valleys. According to the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, the two large Ice Age lakes varied throughout the epoch. The last glacial lake, Monongahela, has been dated by Carbon-14 testing to between 22,000 and 39,000 years old.
The Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1989 to protect native flora and fauna, including endangered and threatened species such as the Iowa Pleistocene snail. The refuge conserves the algific talus slope habitat and other local habitat such as cold, moist sinkholes. Other glacial relict snails occur on the refuge, including the Midwest Pleistocene vertigo (Vertigo hubrichti). Rare plants include the northern blue monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense), which thrives in the same cool talus habitat as the snail.
Wildcat Mountain State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, on the Kickapoo River in the Driftless Area. Sandstone bluffs topped with limestone, two of which are Wildcat Mountain and Mount Pisgah, provide views over the narrow valley of the river and its tributaries. The Kickapoo Valley Reserve is immediately adjacent and forms a continuous protected area. Wildcat Mountain State Park is open for year-round recreation including hiking, canoeing, fishing, and cross-country skiing.
It is an area of karst topography, with thin topsoils lying atop porous limestones, leading to formation of caverns and sinkholes. The last glaciation did not cover this region (halting at the Des Moines terminal lobe mentioned above), so there is no glacial drift to form subsoils, giving the region the name of the Driftless area. As the topsoils are shallower and poorer than those to the west, dairy farming rather than cash crops is the principal agricultural activity.
The park sits on limestone laid down on the floor of a shallow sea 500 million years ago. Torrents of runoff at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation 10,000 years ago carved the bed of the Mississippi River down into this limestone, leaving high bluffs along its banks. The park is situated in the Driftless Area, an atypically rugged region of the Upper Midwest because it was never glaciated and covered with a layer of glacial till, or drift.
The highway briefly turns to the northwest and enters Andrew, home of Iowa's first governor, Ansel Briggs. From there, the roads winds to the northeast towards Bellevue. Just west of Bellevue, the highway enters the southern edge of the Driftless Area, a geologically-distinct area of the upper Mississippi River valley characterized by high bluffs and deep valleys. Iowa 62 ends a few yards from the Mississippi River at an intersection with US 52 in downtown Bellevue.
Wisconsin currently has no stocking program for tiger trout, but the hybrids show up naturally in the state's small streams (in particular in the Driftless Area). As brook trout populations have rebounded, incidences of tiger trout have improved from "exceedingly rare" to a "a bit better than rare." Michigan tends to have a number of tiger trout in its streams, due to its high population of brook trout, though catching them consistently would not be possible.
Fulton is located at (41.866873, -90.158834), on the east bank of the Mississippi River near Lock and Dam #13. The most northeastly portion of the county is in the Driftless Area of Illinois, where the Apple River meets the Upper Mississippi River. According to the 2010 census, Fulton has a total area of , of which (or 97.26%) is land and (or 2.74%) is water. Fulton is a city most known for its pride in its Dutch heritage.
Radiance and Submission is the third studio album of Canadian electronic musician Michael Silver, known by his stage name as CFCF. Silver was inspired to make Radiance and Submission from his purchase of an acoustic guitar. Therefore, the LP involves numerous guitar melodies and harmonies playing at the same time. It was released on July 31, 2015 by the label Driftless Recordings and was Silver's first Billboard entry, peaking at number eight on the magazine's American New Age Albums chart.
Ice Cave at Bixby State Preserve Bixby State Preserve is a nature reserve located in southwestern Clayton County, Iowa, in the midwestern United States. It is located north of Edgewood. It is operated by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources as one of the Iowa state preserves. Bixby State Preserve is one of the few places in the world to contain algific talus slopes and consequently has an ecosystem encountered in only a few other sites, all in the Driftless Area.
It rises in the hills of southwest Wisconsin, in southwest Dane County, approximately southwest of Madison. The headwaters are at the southern terminus of the last North American glacier. West of the river, the land elevates from lack of glaciation and joins what is known as the "driftless area", known for its abrupt hills and valleys, covering most of southwest Wisconsin. From its source, the river meanders southeast, past Paoli and Belleville, where it is dammed to form Lake Belle View.
This is the driftless area of southeast Minnesota. Unlike the rest of the state, where the most recent glaciations left terrain that is either flat or rolling under a deposit of glacial till, this area escaped the most recent glaciation. The bedrock to the top of the I-90 road cuts is noticeable at this point. The other notable feature of this area are deep, steep valleys cut by water that poured through this area as the ice cap melted.
Schech's Mill is unique in the state for retaining intact and operable machinery from the 1870s, after the middlings purifier had been introduced but before millstones were supplanted by roller mills. In 1922, a concrete dam was built to replace the original wooden one. Schech Mill is situated in the Driftless Area a region of the American Midwest noted for its deeply carved river valleys. Private tours of the mill can be arranged most summer weekends which include an authentic flour grinding demonstration.
The MediaStorm website showcases in-depth feature stories with an emphasis on photojournalism and social commentary. Their films have been picked up by major media outlets, such as The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post. Notable projects include Marlboro Marine, The Sandwich Generation, Driftless, BLOODLINE: AIDS and Family, and Never Coming Home. An innovation of MediaStorm's business model is running auctions for media agencies to bid for the rights to run their stories.
King's and Queen's Bluffs, near Winona, Minnesota, with sheer sides facing the Upper Mississippi River and goat prairies facing the southwest. Goat prairies, sometimes termed hill prairies, or dry prairies are found mainly along the valley of the Upper Mississippi River in the Driftless Area, but can occur elsewhere. Normally a variant of tallgrass prairie, they are found on south- southwest-facing slopes, which receive considerable winter sun, causing a frequent freeze-thaw cycle. Bedrock generally lies not too far below.
Devil's Lake, published 1914 The geology of the Baraboo Hills surrounding Devil's Lake makes it one of the premier rock climbing areas in the Midwest, with climbs of varying difficulty. The Baraboo Hills are primarily quartzite, which is solid enough to climb. Most outcroppings in the region, especially in the Driftless Area, are composed of sandstone or limestone, which are too brittle to climb safely. Devil's Lake has enjoyed a history of rock climbing since early ascents in the 20th century.
Scales Mound is located in a region of the U.S. Midwest known as the Driftless Area, so called because it escaped glaciation during the last ice age. Covering parts of Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, the Illinois region is mostly limited to Jo Daviess County and small parts of Whiteside and Carroll County in northwest Illinois. The topography of the area is characterized by hilly terrain and wooded ridges. Common features found in the Scales Mound area include canyons, bluffs, ravines and palisades.
Since then a larger rock has fallen and visitors are now only able to comfortably walk into the cave about 10 feet from the entrance. Ice caves are one characteristic of karst topography, along with sinkholes and cave systems, all of which are present in the area, a portion of the Driftless Area of Iowa. From autumn and into early winter the cave is dry. Ice begins to form in January or February near the entrance and continues down to the lower levels.
Nine-Mile Island is densely forested, save for a sandy beach at the head of the island which is popular with vacationers. The area is characterized by numerous sloughs and backwaters, and the island surrounds Horseshoe Lake and Green Lake. Classified as public land, the island is part of both the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge and the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge. Prior to the construction of dams on the Upper Mississippi, thousands of wingdams regulated the flow of the river.
In northeastern Iowa the Effigy Mounds area was a point of transition between the eastern hardwood forests and the central prairies. Native American and early settlers would have been able to draw on natural resources available in forests, wetlands, and prairies. These areas were occupied by humans for many centuries. Effigy Mounds is adjacent to the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge, the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge, the Yellow River State Forest, and a short distance to the south, Pikes Peak State Park.
Jirsa and Southwick, Mineral Potential and Geology of Minnesota, Glacial cover in Minnesota. The driftless area of Southeastern Minnesota was untouched by the most recent glaciation. In the absence of glacial scouring and drift, this region presents a widespread highly dissected aspect absent from other parts of the state. Northeastern Minnesota was subject to glaciation and its effects, but its hard Archaen and Proterozoic rocks were more resistant to glacial erosion than the sedimentary bedrock first encountered in many other regions, and glacial till is relatively sparse.
The trail roughly follows the location of the terminal moraine from the last Ice Age. As the route traverses the moraine, it sometimes meanders into areas west of the moraine, including the Driftless Area in southwestern Wisconsin. The trail passes through 30 of Wisconsin's 72 counties, from the northwestern part of the state to the Lake Michigan shoreline in the east. The western end of the trail is at Interstate State Park along the St. Croix River, which is the border between northwestern Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota.
Iowa 64 continues west with US 67, while US 52 turns north to follow the river. A violin painted on a silo near Green Island, a landmark along the route Between Sabula and Bellevue, US 52 follows the course of the Mississippi River. The roadway gradually enters the Driftless Area, a region of the midwestern United States which escaped glaciation during the last glacial period. Near the unincorporated community of Green Island, the highway passes through terrain where the elevation ranges from above sea level.
In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the state's landscape and sculpted its terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago. These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift. Much of the remainder of the state has 50 feet (15 m) or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated.
The Dubuque region is relatively far south for the white pine to thrive. White Pine Hollow, part of the Driftless Area, is a patch of north-facing algific talus slope land, a subset of dolomite karstland with many sinkholes, caverns, and other sharp changes in elevation. The conifer population may have established itself here at a time when the climate of Iowa was colder than it is today, and this grove could be a relict of what was once a much larger population. White Pine Hollow contains over 625 species of plants.
The reason for this exemption from glaciation is the converse of that for the southward convexity of the morainic loops. For while they mark the paths of greatest glacial advance along lowland troughs (lake basins), the driftless zone is a district protected from ice invasion by reason of the obstruction which the highlands of northern Wisconsin and Michigan (part of the Superior upland) offered to glacial advance. The course of the upper Mississippi River is largely consequent upon glacial deposits. Its sources are in the morainic lakes in northern Minnesota.
Tomah is located on the South Fork of the Lemonweir River, a main tributary of the Lemonweir River, which is a large tributary of the lower Wisconsin River. The river is impounded on the west side of the city, forming Lake Tomah. Council Creek flows north through the east side of the city to meet the river. The city is at the boundary between the hills of the Driftless Area in southwest Wisconsin and the flat, sandy, poorly drained ancient bed of Glacial Lake Wisconsin extending to the north and east of the city.
Aside from recreational development, the land in the park was never cleared and to a large extent remains as it was before the advent of white settlement. It is part of a larger complex of parks, reserves and refuges which include Effigy Mounds National Monument, the various components of the Yellow River State Forest, the enormous Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge and much smaller, much less well known Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge. The Northeast Iowa Legacy Trail System is undergoing development, and will connect elements of these sites.
Surrounding the relatively flat prairie valley where La Crosse lies are towering 500-foot bluffs, one of the most prominent of which is Grandad Bluff (mentioned in Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain), which has an overlook of the three states region. This feature typifies the topography of the Driftless Area in which La Crosse sits. This rugged region is composed of high ridges dissected by narrow valleys called coulees, a French term. As a result, the area around La Crosse is frequently referred to as the "Coulee Region".
The Lemonweir Glyphs (or petroglyphs) are a set of carvings by early Native Americans near the Lemonweir River in Juneau County, Wisconsin. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Some time before recorded history, people in Wisconsin's Driftless Area climbed partway up a bluff above a river and carved marks on a sheltered spot in a sandstone wall. Some of the marks are indecipherable, but others depict animals: a fish, a deer or elk, a thunderbird, a heron or crane, a buffalo, a lizard, and a deer or antelope.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Modern-day Como Falls Hokah's location in the Driftless Area of southeastern Minnesota gives it a hilly landscape dominated by high bluffs and low river valleys known as coulees. The city's downtown is set on a small bluff between the Root River valley and the Thompson Creek valley. At the east end of downtown is Thompson Bluff, also known as Mt. Tom, a bluff that rises more than 400 feet above downtown.
At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Center for Integrated Agricultural System's Food and Farm project is working with the region's sustainable-agriculture farmers, processors, distributors, chefs, planning commissions, and others to define the culinary identity of the region and direct the development of agrotourism. For instance, 75% of the raw-milk artisan cheese produced in Wisconsin is made in the Driftless region. This cheese is made from milk produced by cows that graze on pastures. The region is home to Organic Valley, the nation's largest organic dairy cooperative.
Mississippi River from Frontenac State Park, Minnesota (USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service) Corresponding to the southeast geological region of Minnesota, the colloquial "Driftless Area" (though the whole region was glaciated) begins at about Fort Snelling. Starting as a narrow sliver against the Mississippi, it widens to the west as one goes south. The western boundary is the Bemis-Altamont moraine."Rochester Plateau Subsection", Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Retrieved July 23, 2007 Another more easily located reference to the western boundary is the approximate line of Minnesota State Highway 56.
The lower of the river channel have been absorbed by Lake Onalaska, an impoundment of the Mississippi River formed by Lock and Dam No. 7 at Onalaska. The river exits Lake Onalaska through a channel between French Island and the city of Onalaska and rejoins the Mississippi River at , northwest of La Crosse. The Black River can be divided into two sections by the dam at Black River Falls. The upstream section averages 6.6 feet/mile gradient, while the lower section through the Driftless Area only averages 1.7 feet/mile gradient.
Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin and northwestern Illinois. It is a non-contiguous collection of parcels in the vicinity of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. The refuge was established in 1989 to help the recovery of two federally listed species: the endangered Iowa Pleistocene Snail and threatened plant Northern Wild Monkshood. Although the refuge was established to protect the snail and flower, an entire rare community of plants and animals is preserved on these sites.
Solidago sciaphilia is known as shadowy goldenrod or cliff goldenrod. The species is endemic to bluffs along the Mississippi River in southern Minnesota, and the driftless area of southwestern Wisconsin, northern Iowa and Illinois.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Throughout its range, S. sciaphila is strongly associated with dolomite and sandstone bedrock, especially dry cliffs. It can be similar to Solidago speciosa but has more serrate lower and mid stem leaves and is generally smaller to much smaller when growing in pockets of shallow soil on cliffs.
The August 18 and 19, 2007 Midwest flooding caused extensive damage to the park. The park is in the Driftless Area, where soils are thin and less able to retain water; they lie atop porous rock into and through which surface waters can rapidly drain into the water table. The steep hills and bluffs and deep coulees give steep gradients to the drainage and makes streams highly erosive. As the rains far exceeded the absorption rate of the soils, flash floods rapidly overflowed the river and spread across the valley floors.
In the United States, it occurs most notably in the Mississippi Valley type deposits of the Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, and in the Driftless Area of Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. Galena also was a major mineral of the zinc-lead mines of the tri-state district around Joplin in southwestern Missouri and the adjoining areas of Kansas and Oklahoma. Galena is also an important ore mineral in the silver mining regions of Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Montana. Of the latter, the Coeur d'Alene district of northern Idaho was most prominent.
Similar structures elsewhere in Wisconsin would have been bulldozed away by glaciers, but these bluffs lie in the Driftless Area; that part of the American Midwest which was never glaciated. The bluffs are all outliers of the Franconia Cuesta to the south. During the last ice age a tongue of ice dammed the Wisconsin River, causing the water to back up into Glacial Lake Wisconsin. It is estimated that the lake was about deep in this area, so the taller bluffs became islands while the shorter ones would have been entirely underwater.
From the western edge of Waukon, it travels north into the rolling hills of the Driftless Area, an area of the Midwestern United States which was untouched by glaciation in the last Ice Age. The highway descends into the Upper Iowa River valley where it crosses the Upper Iowa and its tributaries, Bear Creek and Waterloo Creek. Iowa 76 follows Waterloo Creek for until they near the unincorporated community of Dorchester. From Dorchester, the highway curves to the east and north, traveling to the Minnesota state line south of Eitzen.
Southeast Minnesota comprises the corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota south of the Twin Cities metropolitan area extending east, and part of the multi- state area known as the Driftless Area. Rochester is the largest city in the area; other major cities include Winona, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Austin, and Red Wing. Southeast Minnesota is part of the state's First and Second Congressional Districts. Culturally, it is distinct from the Twin Cities in being generally more conservative and staid, with several more diverse areas, such as the college towns of Northfield and Winona.
US 20/IL 84 bridge over the Galena River Galena is located at (42.418171, −90.431472) along the Galena River, which is one of many tributaries of the Mississippi River. According to the 2010 census, Galena has a total area of , of which (or 99.83%) is land and (or 0.17%) is water. Galena is located in the Driftless Zone, an area that was not covered by glaciers during the recent ice ages. This area, which includes the far northwestern corner of Illinois, escaped glaciation, while almost the entire state was glaciated, nearly to its southern tip.
Roberts Creek State Preserve is located in rural Clayton County, Iowa, in Wagner Township, near St. Olaf, Iowa, and a few miles north of Elkader, Iowa. Roberts Creek is a tributary of the Turkey River. The Preserve contains algific talus slopes, a rare ecosystem unique to the Driftless Area and hosts a threatened wildflower. The preserve is not open to the public, in that it is a rare ecosystem that contains a threatened species, Aconitum noveboracense, also known as Northern Blue Monkshood or Northern Wild Monkshood, a saxifrage, (a buttercup).
The Driftless Area as viewed from Wildcat Mountain State Park in Vernon County, Wisconsin Flint Hills grasslands of Kansas Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota Prairie in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa The vast central area of the U.S., into Canada, is a landscape of low, flat to rolling terrain in the Interior Plains. Most of its eastern two-thirds form the Interior Lowlands. The Lowlands gradually rise westward, from a line passing through eastern Kansas, up to over in the unit known as the Great Plains. Most of the Great Plains area is now farmed.
The modern Wisconsin River was formed in several stages. The lower, westward- flowing portion of the river is located in the unglaciated Driftless Area, and this section of the river's course likely predates the rest by several million years. The lower reach of the river is narrower than its upstream valley, leading to the suggestion the upper portions of the ancestor of the river flowed east previous to the Pleistocene.Steven Dutch, "Possible Early Pleistocene Drainage in Wisconsin", Retrieved July 17, 2007 The remaining length of the river was formed gradually as glaciers advanced and retreated over Wisconsin.
Its watershed covers "Evaluating Agricultural Nonpoint Loadings on Pool 13 from Maquoketa River Watershed, Iowa", USGS, Retrieved July 18, 2007 within a rural region of rolling hills and farmland southwest of Dubuque. It is not to be confused with the Little Maquoketa River, another distinct direct tributary of the Upper Mississippi River meeting the Big River north of Dubuque. The river and its tributaries mark the border of the Driftless Area of Iowa, with the areas east of it not having been covered by ice during the last ice age. Its name derives from Maquaw-Autaw, which means "Bear River" in Meskwaki.
The highest total for the entire event was 18.17 inches (462 mm) near La Crescent. Washed out road in Witoka, Minnesota Southeast Minnesota and southwestern Wisconsin are in the Driftless Area, which was not covered by the last glaciation, and therefore is not covered by deep layers of glacial till. The soils therefore are thin and less able to retain water; they lie atop porous rock into and through which surface waters can rapidly drain into the water table. The highly dissected topography, characterized by steep hills and bluffs and deep coulees, gives steep gradients to the drainage and makes streams highly erosive.
Drury's first novel, The End of Vandalism, was published in 1994 by Houghton Mifflin, and was chosen as an ALA Notable Book in 1995. In 1996, an excerpt of Hunts in Dreams appeared in GRANTA 54, Summer 1996: The Best of Young American Novelists, published by Granta magazine. In 2000-2001 he was a recipient of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship. Drury is also the author of The Black Brook (1998), Hunts in Dreams (2000), The Driftless Area (2006), and Pacific (2013) as well as works in the Mississippi Review and The New York Times Magazine.
WIS 131 at its junction with WIS 171 in Gays Mills WIS 131 runs through hilly, rural terrain characteristic of the Driftless Area and Western Upland for its entire length. The route generally passes through farmland or wooded areas, though it also enters several small towns. WIS 131 begins in Crawford County at a 3-way intersection with WIS 60 northeast of Wauzeka and north of the Wisconsin River. The highway heads in a generally northward direction from the intersection toward Steuben. WIS 131 begins to follow the Kickapoo River here, running within the river's deep river valley through Wilton.
Mining communities in Minnesota's Iron Range, Wisconsin's Driftless Area, eastern Kentucky, and West Virginia were also devastated after years of struggle. Although inflation subsided and interest rates began to decline starting in 1983, the Federal Reserve was still committed to a strong- dollar policy through the mid-1980s. This prevented a recovery in manufacturing by undermining the competitiveness of exports of American manufactured goods (particularly automobiles and steel). It was not until 1985 that the Reagan administration and the Federal Reserve took action to correct this when the U.S. signed the Plaza Accord with France, West Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom.
This river seasonally drained glacial meltwater into what is now the Upper Mississippi River. The region now termed the Driftless Area of North America was contemporaneously also subject to glacial outburst floods from Glacial Lake Grantsburg, and Glacial Lake Duluth during all three phases of the last ice age. Between 6 and 10 September 2003, a GLOF occurred from Grasshopper Glacier in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. A proglacial lake at the head of the glacier burst through a glacial dam, and water from the lake carved a trench down the center of the glacier for more than .
Dominae is the debut studio album of American electronic duo Ejecta (now Young Ejecta), consisting of Neon Indian singer Leanne Macomber and producer Joel Ford of Ford & Lopatin. The record consists of ten retro 1980s-style synthpop songs dealing with love, death and early adulthood struggles. Taking seven years to write, it was recorded in New York and Texas, beginning in the summer of 2012 and lasting 14 months, and released on November 4, 2013 by Driftless Recordings, Happy Death and Copyright Control. All the tracks were written by Macomber and produced by Ford, who also did co-writing.
The river begins midway between Wilton, Wisconsin and Mill Bluff State Park and flows south through a deep valley cut into the hilly Driftless Zone of southwest Wisconsin. It empties into the Wisconsin River just south of Wauzeka, Wisconsin. Kickapoo is an Algonquian word meaning "one who goes here, then there", a fitting name as the river is very crooked, frequently doubling back on itself as it flows through the Wisconsin landscape. Because of the extremely crooked path of the river, its source north of Wilton is just from its mouth at Wauzeka, although the river is nearly long.
The North Central Hardwood Forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion (no. 51 in the EPA Level III ecoregions of the United States) in central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, and northwestern Lower Michigan, embedded between (clockwise) the Western Corn Belt Plains in the south, the Northern Glaciated Plains, the Red River Valley, the Northern Minnesota Wetlands, and the Northern Lakes and Forests (ecoregion 50, approx. identical with WWF's Western Great Lakes forests). It forms the northern part of the upper Midwest forest-savanna transition, which also includes regions 52 (Driftless Area) and 53 (Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains).
Gloucester High School has been recognized for its drama department. Every year the drama department, or Duke Troupe, compete in a regional theatre competition and perform two public shows a year: a fall play and a spring musical. Past shows include South Pacific, Little Shop of Horrors, A Christmas Carol, Grease, Dracula, Footloose, Scheme of a Driftless Shifter, The Wizard of Oz, Anybody for Tea, Dolls, Fiddler on the Roof, Annie, Disney's High School Musical, and Disney's Beauty and the Beast. The performances are open for participation by any student at the school (not just those enrolled in theatre classes).
Geographically, it is part of the southernmost region of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation. It is one of the few cities in Iowa to be built near large hills and bluffs, which account for much of the city's economic stimulation as a tourist town. The city attributes its name from the French words 'Belle' and 'Vue' meaning 'beautiful view', as well as an early settler, John D. Bell. The unique history and architecture of Bellevue draw visitors year round, mainly from nearby large population centers (including Dubuque and Maquoketa).
Zumbro River in downtown Rochester Rochester lies alongside the South Fork of the Zumbro River which is 57.6 miles long and is ringed by gentle hills and largely surrounded by farmland within a deciduous forest biome. The Zumbro Watershed flows through 1,422 square miles of agricultural and urban lands. Located in southeast Minnesota, the City of Rochester falls within the Driftless Area: the only region in North America that was never glaciated and contains deeply-carved river valleys. The rugged terrain is due both to the lack of glacial deposits, or drift, and to the incision of the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries into bedrock.
The Driftless Area is part of the Mississippi Flyway. Many birds fly over the river in large flocks, going north in spring and south in autumn. There are very few natural lakes in the region, these being found in adjoining areas of glacial till, drift and in moraines; the region is extraordinarily well drained, and there is rarely a place where even a pond can naturally form. There are also very few dams in that the valley walls and floors are very often fissured or crumbly, or very porous, providing very poor anchors for a dam or making it difficult to keep any kind of reservoir appropriately filled.
Due to the presence of sandstone bedrock at or near the surface, sand mining is a growing industrial activity in portions of the Driftless Area. The sandstone contains quartz (silica) sand grains of the required hardness, shape, size, and purity that make it ideal for use in hydraulic fracturing utilized by the petroleum and natural gas industries during drilling operations. The mining activity involves quarrying the sandstone bedrock by blasting with dynamite, crushing the rock, washing, drying, and grading the resulting sand, and transporting the sand out of the region, usually by rail. The recent proliferation of sand mines in the region has created new jobs and economic activity.
Black Earth Rettenmund Prairie is a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources- designated State Natural Area featuring one of the few remaining dry-mesic prairies in Wisconsin, situated on a low Driftless Area knob and ridge. Despite the prairie's relatively small size, 130 native prairie plant species have been documented on the site. Many of these species are quite showy, including wood lily, shooting star, fringed puccoon, pasque flower, butterfly weed, and compass plant. Several rare species are also found on the site, including pomme-de-prairie, white camas, striped hairstreak, and the state- threatened species rough-stemmed false foxglove (Agalinis gattingeri) and regal fritillary.
Trempealeau National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located along the Upper Mississippi River in extreme southern Buffalo County and extreme southwestern Trempealeau County in Wisconsin, United States. It is in part a wetland consisting of backwaters away from the Mississippi and Trempealeau River, and is a significant element of the Mississippi Flyway. It is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America which remained free of ice during the last ice age, creating in part the deep gorge of the Mississippi, quite visible from this refuge. It is also a sand prairie, including grasses such as big bluestem, indiangrass, and switchgrass capable of growing to in height.
The glacial and eolian origin of this sediment is evidenced by the angularity of its grains (a bank of it will stand without slumping for years), whereas, if it had been transported significantly by water, the grains would have been rounded and polished. Loess is parent material for an extremely fertile, but droughty soil. Southwestern Wisconsin and parts of the adjacent states of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota are known as the driftless zone, because, although bordered by drift sheets and moraines, it is free from glacial deposits. It must therefore have been a sort of oasis, when the ice sheets from the north advanced past it on the east and west, and joined around its southern border.
They are created by a stream flowing within the permeable rock and eroding it from within, until the rock above collapses opening up a steep narrow valley which is then further eroded by the stream running across the impermeable valley floor. At the head of the valley the stream emerges from the rock as a spring. Notable examples can be found in the Jura region of France, for example the Reculée de Baume at Baume-les-Messieurs and the Reculée d'Arbois with its head at Les Planches-près-Arbois and its exit at Arbois. In North America, blind valleys (the preferred American term) are found in the Driftless Area and other karst regions.
Dubuque is the only metropolitan area. The region is distinct from the "Iowan Erosion Surface to the west and the Southern Iowa Drift Plain to the south."Stephanie A. Tassier-Surine, (Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau), Quaternary Geology of the Paleozoic Plateau Region of Northeastern Iowa , Retrieved July 30, 2007 A line east of the most easterly tributaries of the Wapsipinicon River defines the terminal moraine that marks the western boundary of the Driftless, with the catchment of the Maquoketa River south of Bellevue serving as a southern boundary. The most western tributaries of the Upper Iowa, Yellow and Turkey Rivers flow east and south from the vicinity of this moraine.
Rock formation on the Wisconsin Dells The Dells was formed during the last ice age approximately 15,000 years ago, although the rock itself is much older, dating from the Cambrian approximately 510–520 million years ago when the area of Wisconsin was at the bottom of a shallow sea. Approximately 19,000 years ago, the Dells was at the extreme western margin of the continental glacier. However, the Dells itself was never covered by glacial ice sheets – it was part of the large Driftless Area that was bypassed by the ice. The melting of the glacier formed Glacial Lake Wisconsin, a lake about the size of Great Salt Lake in Utah and as deep as 150 feet (45 m).
Galena River in Galena As the highway enters Illinois across the Julien Dubuque Bridge, it continues southeasterly for a while, paralleling the Upper Mississippi River before turning east into the rugged country of the Driftless Area in Jo Daviess County, then turning flat and straight west of Stockton, Illinois and entering Stephenson County. The Ulysses S. Grant Home, a national landmark, fronts near the highway at the eastern edge of Galena, Illinois. The road between Dubuque and Stockton was once known as the most dangerous stretch of road because of the hills and curves flanked by cliffs and valleys. Travelers were greeted with signs reminding them to drive carefully as they entered this stretch of road.
Map of Minnesota bedrock by age. Shaded relief image: Superior Upland in the northeast, the flat Red River Valley in the northwest, Central Minnesota's irregular landscape, the Coteau des Prairies and Minnesota River in the southwest, and the southeast's dissected Driftless Area along the Mississippi River below its confluences with the Minnesota and St. Croix in East Central Minnesota Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth, granitic gneisses that formed some 3,600 mya (million years ago) — roughly 80% the age of the planet.Ojakangas and Matsch, Minnesota's Geology, p. 23. About 2,700 mya, the first volcanic rocks that would later underlie Minnesota began to rise up out of an ancient ocean, forming the Superior craton.
Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge - panoramio The Upper Mississippi River spans around 1,250 miles from Lake Itasca to Cairo. Most of the Upper Mississippi goes through the center of the Driftless Area, around 15,000 square miles in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois that has managed to stay free of glacial flows covering the past two million years. It is defined by a multitude of limestone bluffs that have been molded all the way since the last ice age, due to water melting from glaciers. The bottom of the river is composed of a thin layer of clay, silt, loam, and sand, which lay above a stratum of glacial outwash.
Unbroken Glass is a 2016 independent documentary film, directed by Dinesh Das Sabu and produced by Kartemquin Films. Unbroken Glass weaves together Das Sabu’s journey of discovery with cinéma vérité scenes of his family dealing with still raw emotions and consequences of his immigrant parents’ lives and deaths. The film was shot over five years in Illinois, New Mexico, California, and India. The film premiered at the 2016 Seattle South Asian Film Festival on October 22, 2016, and has gone on to play at the 2016 Dallas Video Fest, the 2016 Driftless Film Festival, and the 2016 Austin Asian American Film Festival where it went on to get a Jury Award-Special Mention for Documentary Feature.
The Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest is a reserve of current and former forest in Minnesota's Driftless Area. Only of the land is state owned, with the remainder owned by private individuals and community groups, governed by easements. Non-contiguous units are spread over seven counties ( Dakota, Fillmore, Goodhue, Olmsted, Houston, Wabasha, and Winona Counties), generally in areas just west of the Mississippi River, but extending much further west into the valleys of the Root and Zumbro Rivers. A wide variety of recreational activities are offered: camping, fishing, horseback riding trails (including horse picket lines and corrals); an extensive network of hiking and nature trails (including a wheelchair-accessible trail), and off-highway vehicle trails.
The sedimentary rocks of the valley walls date to the Paleozoic Era and are often covered with colluvium or loess.Regional Landscape Ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, Section IV, Driftless Area , National Park Service, Retrieved July 9, 2007 (A statement from this copyright-free site has been freely paraphrased.) Bedrock, where not directly exposed, is very near the surface and is composed of "primarily Ordovician dolomite, limestone, and sandstone in Minnesota, with Cambrian sandstone, shale, and dolomite exposed along the valley walls of the Mississippi River." In the east, the Baraboo Range, an ancient, profoundly eroded monadnock in south central Wisconsin, consists primarily of Precambrian quartzite and rhyolite. The area has not undergone much tectonic action, as all the visible layers of sedimentary rock are approximately horizontal.
The name means "good seed" or "wild rice". The Menominee rises in Grant County, Wisconsin at the confluence of Louisburg and Kieler creeks one mile south of Kieler just east of U.S. Route 151 and flows south past Sandy Hook and enters Illinois just south of Wisconsin Highway 11.Kieler, WI, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1961 (1978 rev.) It continues south through the northwestern corner of Illinois for about four miles before reaching its confluence with the Mississippi River after crossing under U.S. Route 20.Menominee, IL-IA, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1955 (1971 rev.) The river is part of the Driftless Area of Illinois and Wisconsin, a region that remained ice-free during the last ice age.
The lower Wisconsin River flows through glacial drift until it enters the Driftless Area and eventually reaches the Mississippi River.Lower Wisconsin River Main Stem, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR)(PDF) It extends about 116 river miles (187 river kilometers) from Portage to its confluence with the Mississippi River, falling from about elevation above sea level (msl) at Portage to , msl at the Mississippi.Various United States Geological Survey 15-minute quad lateral Topographical mapsLower Wisconsin State Riverway Visitor, WDNR Lower Wisconsin State Riverway Board Riverway Maps The reach has nearly uniform hydraulic gradient of about 1.5 feet per mile (0.3 m/km). There is only one major tributary, the Kickapoo River, which enters just before the Mississippi at about River Mile 16 (River km 26).
Clark's most popular and well-known song, "The Fool", was featured in the Netflix film Win It All (2017) and the Focus Features film Dallas Buyers Club (2013). His song "Calling All Hearts" has been played in various TV and film productions including the NBC series Aquarius: Episode 107, the ABC series Nashville: Episode 310, the FXX series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia: Episode 1209, and in the 20th Century Fox film, Walking With Dinosaurs (2013). His song "The Big Lie" was featured in the FX series Justified: Episode 409, in the Freestyle Releasing film From the Rough (2011), and in Sony Pictures Home Entertainment film The Driftless Area (2015). "Bad Case of You" was featured in the Amazon Studios series Transparent: Episode 308 and 310.
There are few areas in which the earlier drifts from the glacial deposits of the Pre-Ilionian or Illinoian stages are exposed at the surface. The extreme southeastern and southwestern portions of Minnesota (Driftless Area) have extensive areas of pre-Wisconsin drifts, but they are masked almost everywhere by surficial covering of loess (wind-blown silt). Furthermore, these regions of older drift are maturely drained, because the streams have had a longer time to evolve into an efficient drainage system compared with the streams flowing in areas covered by younger glacial deposits. Howard Hobbs has proposed that the Pre-Illinoian glacial deposits in southeastern Minnesota are actually younger Illinoian glacial deposits.Hobbs, H.C., 2006a, The “Pre-Illinoian” till of southeastern Minnesota may actually be Illinoian.
Before the town of Benton was settled, Indians of the Pottawatomie and Winnebago tribes would pass through its modern boundaries. American Indians were also the first to discover the rich lead deposits located in the area, which is part of the Driftless Area, in what is now southwestern Wisconsin. As Europeans moved through the region, the American Indians of the area introduced them to the rich mineral deposits that would later draw them to the region en masse. Though Europeans passed through and visited the region, threats from the Indians kept the area from being permanently settled until Andrew Murphy, along with his wife Catherine, five sons, a French voyageur named Francois and a servant named Peggy, established a homestead in the area that is now the town of Benton in 1827.
While these states are for the most part relatively flat, consisting either of plains or of rolling and small hills, there is a measure of geographical variation. In particular, the following areas exhibit a high degree of topographical variety: the eastern Midwest near the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains; the Great Lakes Basin; the heavily glaciated uplands of the North Shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, part of the ruggedly volcanic Canadian Shield; the Ozark Mountains of southern Missouri; and the deeply eroded Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin, southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa, and northwest Illinois. Proceeding westward, the Appalachian Plateau topography gradually gives way to gently rolling hills and then (in central Ohio) to flat lands converted principally to farms and urban areas. This is the beginning of the vast Interior Plains of North America.
The northern and eastern lobes were in part diverted around the area by the Watersmeet Dome, an ancient uplifted area of Cambrian rock underlain by basalt in northern Wisconsin and western upper Michigan. The southward movement of the continental glacier was also hindered by the great depths of the Lake Superior basin and the adjacent highlands of the Bayfield Peninsula, Gogebic Range, Porcupine Mountains, Keweenaw Peninsula, and the Huron Mountains along the north rim of the Superior Upland bordering Lake Superior. The Green Bay and Lake Michigan lobes were also partially blocked by the bedrock of the Door Peninsula, which presently separates Green Bay from Lake Michigan. In earlier phases of the Wisconsinan, the Driftless Area was totally surrounded by ice, with eastern and western lobes joining together to the south of it.
In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago. These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift. Much of the remainder of the state outside the northeast has 50 feet (15 m) or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. 13,000 years ago gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest; the lake's outflow, the glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River, and its bottom created the fertile lands of the Red River valley.
Findings within the backdirt piles contained numerous finding characteristic of Late Woodland wares, including several Angelo Punctated sherds as well as pieces of Madison ware, characterized by a single cord-twist neck and three Madison Plain rims. Excavations also found one Aztalan Collard rim, which is ultimately dated somewhere between 1050 and 1150 A.D. and was relatively rare in the driftless area in which it was found despite being more common in the heavily glaciated southeastern Wisconsin. Middle Mississippian ceramics ceramics were also found, namely grit-tempered and shell-tempered rolled rims, the latter of which was found in both burnished and red-slipped varieties. The excavation ground itself contained mostly Angelo Punctated body sherds and rims, as well as pieces shell-tempered Middle Mississippian vessels including two Ramey Incised jars.
Bounded by rolling hills, bluffs, farmland, and woods in its upper reaches, dammed by H.M. Byllesby in 1910 for hydroelectric power to create Lake Byllesby Reservoir, the Cannon enters a broad gorge below Cannon Falls, where it is flanked by bluffs up to 300 feet (100 m) high. The Cannon River is underlaid with a variety of sedimentary rocks. The river valley was created by cutting through these rocks produced rock outcrops of St. Peter Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group of dolomites and sandstone, and near the river's mouth, Jordan Sandstone and the St. Lawrence and Franconia formations. Past the Falls, the river is in the Driftless Area of Minnesota, a region that remained ice free during the last ice age, allowing the river to carve a very impressive canyon.
Sightings of itinerant American black bears in the Driftless Area of southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa, and southwest Wisconsin are common. In the spring of 2019, biologists with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources confirmed documentation of an American black bear living year-round in woodlands near the town of Decorah in northeast Iowa, believed to be the first instance of a resident black bear in Iowa since the 1880s. Surveys taken from 35 states in the early 1990s indicate that American black bears are either stable or increasing, except in Idaho and New Mexico. The overall population of American black bears in the United States has been estimated to range between 339,000 and 465,000, though this excludes populations from Alaska, Idaho, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming, whose population sizes are unknown.
The opening chapters of Driftless introduce the many characters whose lives are traced through overlapping narratives throughout the novel. Initially readers are told of: July Montgomery's decision to put settle in Words, Wisconsin; the close yet contentious relationship between the Brasso sisters, Grahm Shotwell's growing frustration and the complications in his marriage after Cora's discovery of fraud by her employer, the American Milk Cooperative; Gail Shotwell's unsettled professional and personal life; Jacob Helm's discovery of a cougar; Winifred Smith's tendency for confrontation; and the need for repairs to Rusty Smith's house. As the novel continues, these individual storylines converge with one another, often through the intervention of July. July gets Jacob to fix Gail's lawnmower, he encourages Rusty to hire Eli Yoder (despite Rusty's prejudice against the Amish) and he arranges for Gail's idol, Barbara Jean, to see her perform with her band.
Benzine started out, together with his fellow Driftless Pony Club band members, on the channel "sambonejr", co-starring in several short comical video clips, of which the first 19 videos were uploaded in March 2006. Together with his friends Zaid Maxwell and Amelia Styer, Benzine also created an album and a movie to the album under the name Ozark Cousins, of which a sample is still commonly used in his WheezyWaiter videos as background music, which plays when Craig moves his chair. After an unprofitable shift in 2007 at the restaurant in Chicago where he worked as a waiter, Benzine's boss told him not to come into work the next day because he doubted there would be enough customers. Benzine, as a result, was worried about how he was going to get money to pay his rent.
The Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region of North America was repeatedly covered by advancing and retreating glaciers throughout this period. The Driftless Area escaped much of the scouring and depositional action by the continental glaciers that occurred during the last ice age, which created significant differences in the topography and drainage patterns within the unglaciated area compared to adjacent glaciated regions. The region has been subjected to large floods from the melting Laurentide Ice Sheet and subsequent catastrophic discharges from its proglacial lakes, such as Glacial Lake Wisconsin, Glacial Lake Agassiz, Glacial Lake Grantsburg, and Glacial Lake Duluth. The last phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation involved several major lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: the Des Moines lobe, which flowed down toward Des Moines on the west; the Superior lobe and its sublobes on the north; and the Green Bay lobe and Lake Michigan lobes on the east.
A "Cousin Jack's" pasty shop in Grass Valley, California Cover of "One and All": an autobiography of Richard Tangye, of the Cornwall Works, Birmingham Aerial view of the Copper Triangle, South Australia, looking roughly west. Kadina is in the centre (inland), Wallaroo and Moonta on the coast (right and left, respectively) There are estimated to be close to 2 million people of Cornish descent in the US. Cornish culture continues to have an influence in the Copper Country located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin and the Iron Ranges of northern Michigan and Minnesota, as well as in the major copper mining district of Butte, Montana. In Grass Valley, California, the tradition of singing Cornish carols lives on and one local historian of the area says the songs have become “the identity of the town”. Some of the members of today’s Cornish Carol Choir are in fact descendants of the original Cornish gold miners.
The most impressive area is on the Mississippi, between Pikes Peak State Park, opposite the Wisconsin River down to Guttenberg, where bluffs lining the river reach their maximum height. This is apparently an Iowa continuation of Military Ridge, a catchment-defining divide in Wisconsin that was used for the Military Ridge Road, a portion of which is included in Military Ridge State Trail, both across the River in Wisconsin. Effigy Mounds National Monument is at the heart of a network of adjacent parks, state forests, preserves, as well as national wildlife refuges, all of which preserve and illustrate the features of the Driftless, where "patchy remnants of Pre-Illinoian glacial drift more than 500,000 years old recently have been discovered in the area.""Effigy Mounds Historic Resource Study", Chapter 3, Environment , National Park Service, Retrieved July 8, 2007 Additional protected areas are Cold Water Spring State Preserve near Decorah, Maquoketa Caves State Park northwest of Maquoketa, Bellevue State Park adjacent to Bellevue, White Pine Hollow State Forest (which protects Iowa's only remaining groves of old-growth white pine trees) near Dubuque, and the Yellow River State Forest in the southeastern corner of Allamakee County, Iowa.

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