Al-Rumaitha is named after the saxaul plant, al-ramth in Arabic. It has had other names in the past. It was called al-'Auja (العوجة, crooked) due to the way the river distorts the shape of the city, and al-Abyad (الاأبيض, white) due to the supposed presence of the white lion in its environs.
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"Clipping" an instrument's audio signal produces distortion Distortion effects create warm, gritty, and fuzzy sounds by "clipping" an instrument's audio signal, which distorts the shape of its wave form and adds overtones. Distortion effects are sometimes called "gain" effects, as distorted guitar sounds were first achieved by increasing the electric power supply, e.g. gain, to tube amplifiers.Aikin, Jim (2004).
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Although the motifs of the Cathach decoration are not similar to decorations in later manuscripts, such as the Book of Durrow (which followed the Cathach by as many as seventy years), the ideas of decoration which distorts the shape of the letters and the diminution of initial letters are ideas which are worked out in great detail in later Insular art.
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Ratcliff has suggested that there be at least 100 data points in the sample before the parameter estimates should be regarded as reliable. Vincent averaging may be used with smaller samples, as this procedure only modestly distorts the shape of the distribution. These point estimates may be used as initial values that can be refined with more powerful methods, including maximum likelihood.
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In telecommunication, distortion-limited operation is the condition prevailing when distortion of a received signal, rather than its attenuated amplitude (or power), limits performance under stated operational conditions and limits. Note: Distortion-limited operation is reached when the system distorts the shape of the waveform beyond specified limits. For linear systems, distortion- limited operation is equivalent to bandwidth-limited operation.
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This diagram shows the behaviour of a signal (made up of a square wave followed by a sine wave) as it is passed through various distorting functions. # The first trace (in black) shows the input. It also shows the output from a non-distorting transfer function (straight line). # A high-pass filter (green trace) distorts the shape of a square wave by reducing its low frequency components.
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This changes codon 6 from encoding the amino acid glutamic acid to encoding valine. This change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin B subunit polypeptide chain alters the functionality of the hemoglobin multi-subunit complex in low oxygen conditions. When red blood cells unload oxygen into the tissues of the body, the mutated haemoglobin protein starts to stick together to form a semi-solid structure within the red blood cell. This distorts the shape of the red blood cell, resulting in the characteristic "sickle" shape, and reduces cell flexibility.
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The use of decorated text in which the decoration distorts the shape of the letters has been seen before, notably in the Cathach of St. Columba. But the combination of letters into a monogram is a new motif, one that will be developed extensively in later manuscripts. Similar "INI" monograms will be used at the beginning of the Gospel of Mark in almost every later Insular Gospel Book. The use of alternating colors the almost resemble enamel plaques such as are seen in this manuscript's INI monogram will also become a standard technique in later manuscripts.
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Crystallographic structural studies of a potassium channel have shown that, when a potential difference is introduced over the membrane, the associated electric field induces a conformational change in the potassium channel. The conformational change distorts the shape of the channel proteins sufficiently such that the cavity, or channel, opens to allow influx or efflux to occur across the membrane. This movement of ions down their concentration gradients subsequently generates an electric current sufficient to depolarize the cell membrane. Voltage-gated sodium channels and calcium channels are made up of a single polypeptide with four homologous domains. Each domain contains 6 membrane spanning alpha helices. One of these helices, S4, is the voltage sensing helix. The S4 segment contains many positive charges such that a high positive charge outside the cell repels the helix, keeping the channel in its closed state. In general, the voltage sensing portion of the ion channel is responsible for the detection of changes in transmembrane potential that trigger the opening or closing of the channel. The S1-4 alpha helices are generally thought to serve this role.
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