It was published by the printer William Copland, paired with Benedict Burgh's version of the Distichs of Cato.
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The Seymour sisters tended to work together, with their most famous work being a collection of 103 Latin distichs, Hecatodistichon, for the tomb of Margaret of Valois, queen of Navarre and also an author, which was published in 1550.
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There is a band of calligraphy at the point of constriction in each column. In general they describe the beauty of Aisha Bibi and of love in general. One of the old distichs reads: "Autumn... Clouds... The Earth is beautiful".
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It is fifty elegiac distichs long. For an edition of the poem with translation, analysis and commentary, see Ziolkowski et al., 77–93. The poem is didactic and upholds the count, only named as Martel, as an exemplar of good rulership.
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These in turn have a distinctive structure: each has ten distichs posing ethical questions, followed by two distichs in which the poet delivers his answers.A. A. Seyed-Gohrab, Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), pp. 28-29. The riddles in particular serve to showcase Mukhtārī's virtuosity in poetic description. The poem is also among the earliest to have been written in the khafīf metre.Asghar Seyed-Gohrab, 'A Mystical Reading of Nizāmī’s Use of Nature in the Haft Paykar’, in A Key to the Treasure of the Hakīm: Artistic and Humanistic Aspects of Nizāmī Ganjavī’s ‘Khamsa’, ed.
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The Auctores octo morales (Eight Moral Authors) was a collection of Latin textbooks, of an elementary standard, that was used for pedagogy in the Middle Ages in Europe. It was printed in many editions, from the end of the fifteenth century. At that time it became standardised as: #Distichs of Cato #Eclogue of Theodulus #Facetus: Liber Faceti docens mores iuvenum (Also believed to be by Cato of the Distichs) #De contemptu mundiThen typically attributed to Bernard of Clairvaux; in fact by Bernard of Cluny. #Liber FloretusAlso Bernard of Cluny #Matthew of Vendôme, Tobias #Alan of Lille, Doctrinale altum parabolarum #Aesop, version attributed to Gualterus Anglicus (online text).
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The 15th-century Tale of Beryn depicts the Miller trying and failing to explain the stained glass windows of Canterbury cathedral. Chaucer refers to the Distichs of Cato with this passage: "He knew nat Catoun, for his wit was rude." The Distichs of Cato was one of the most common textbooks in schools throughout medieval Europe, and was familiar to almost anyone with a basic education in Latin. The painting Netherlandish Proverbs by Pieter Breugel the Elder illustrates many of the themes in this story including a shot-window in use, a man with his backside on fire, a falling through a basket from a roof, pious hypocrisy, and cuckolding.
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Babio in Latin is a 12th-century elegiac comedy consisting of 484 lines of elegiac distichs, probably composed in England. It imitates Roman comedy and is indebted to Ovid, Plautus and Terence. It is preserved in five manuscripts, four of them in England and one in Berlin (Babio).
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The beginning of a 1475 edition of the Distichs of Cato (Incipit liber Cathonis in vulgares) The Distichs of Cato (Latin: Catonis Disticha, most famously known simply as Cato), is a Latin collection of proverbial wisdom and morality by an unknown author named Dionysius Cato from the 3rd or 4th century AD. The Cato was the most popular medieval schoolbook for teaching Latin, prized not only as a Latin textbook, but as a moral compass. Cato was in common use as a Latin teaching aid as late as the 18th century, used by Benjamin Franklin. It was one of the best-known books in the Middle Ages and was translated into many languages.
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Verin's first publication was in 1481 at the age of 13. It was published under the title Moral Distichs which was a collection of Latin maxims reduced into a poetic form. This work was well received by critics of the time. The next year he published a book of Proverbs in verse.
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Text, Translation, Notes, and Commentary by Brenda M. Hosington It comprised 104 distichs, or couplets. Hecato is a prefix from the Greek word for "hundred". The Hecatodistichon was published in Paris in 1550 by the sisters' tutor, Nicolas Denison. It was republished in 2000 in the series The early modern Englishwoman by Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot ().
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The second Faramaz-nama is a known book in 464 pages and containing between nine and ten thousand distichs. It was printed in Bombay in 1906 by the Zoroastrian scholar named Rostam, son of Bahrām Soruš of Taft, a contemporary of Moẓaffar-al-Dīn Shah (r. 1896-1907) who traveled to India to gather stories about Farāmarz.
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Each proverb in the Latin text is a distich of poetry, but these are translated into prose in the Old English version. Some of the distichs are imbued with additional material, while some are omitted. The Old English version also alters the ordering of the proverbs so that some that are thematically similar are placed in apposition to each other.
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The ethico-philosophical poems of about 2,250 Persian distichs was dedicated to Fakhr al-Din Bahramshah, the ruler of Erzinjan. The story deals with such esoteric subjects as philosophy and theology. The story contains twenty discourses, each of them portraying an exemplary story on religious and ethical topics. Each chapter concludes with apostrophe to the poet himself containing his pen name.
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Aesopus constructus etc., 1495 edition with metrical version of Fabulae Lib. I-IV by Anonymus Neveleti Gualterus Anglicus (Medieval Latin for Walter the EnglishmanGalterus, Gualtherus Anglicus, Waltarius; Walter the Englishman, Walter of England, Walther; Gauthier or Gautier l'Anglais; Anonyme de Nevelet.) was an Anglo-Norman poet and scribe who produced a seminal version of Aesop's Fables (in distichs) around the year 1175.
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In the case of such "distichs" the second verse shows the same structure with the first, except that it isn't introducing the theme of the main clause, but it completes it. Again As it is apparent each one verse and each main clause of the verses are meaningful by themselves, with the second parts of the verses often being of an explanatory nature.
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Cato was the most popular Latin textbook during the Middle Ages, prized not only as a Latin textbook, but as a moral compass for impressionable students. It was translated into many languages, including Norse. Geoffrey Chaucer referred to Cato in Canterbury Tales, through which modern students, less versed in Latin, often first come upon it. The Distichs of Cato was most commonly referred to as simply "Cato".
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His Divan is said to have contained 30,000 distichs, of which only 2500 remain today. It includes the romance epic Vāmiq u ‘Adhrā. The following dialog between an eagle and a crow, translated by Iraj Bashiri, is an example. In it the King of Poets, Unsuri, compares his own status vis-a-vis that of a young poet who has joined the court recently.
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The Old English Dicts of Cato is the editorial name given to the Old English language text based on the Latin Distichs of Cato. It is a collection of approximately 80 prose proverbs, the exact number varying between each of the three manuscript versions. These can be found in MS Cambridge, Trinity College, R.9.17, MS British Library, Cotton Vespasian D.xiv and MS British Library, Cotton Julius A.ii respectively.
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The Bahman-nama () is a Persian epic poem of 9500 Distichs (couplets) W. L. Hanaway, Jr., "BAHMAN-NĀMA" in Encyclopaedia Iranica about Bahman, the son of Esfandiyar of the royal Kayanid dynasty. The earliest attestation of this work is in the book Mojmal al-tawarikh, which gives the author as Īrānšāh b. Abi'l Khayr.The manuscript reads Iranshan however Bahar believes that this is scribal error and it should be Iranshah.
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In 1522, Bishop John expanded the school to three classes and introduced courses in rhetoric, dialectics, classical literature, arithmetic, music. The students studied Distichs of Cato and Ars grammatica by Aelius Donatus. In 1539, the school had twelve boys who sang in a church choir and twenty boys who served as altar boys. During its existence, the school prepared over 100 students who later pursued academic careers at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
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Of the five books of the 2,691-line Annales, the first four are in hexameters while the last is in elegiac distichs. The first critical edition of the Poeta's poem was G. H. Pertz, MGH SS, II (Hanover, 1829), which was replaced by an updated version by Paul von Winterfeld in the Poetarum Latinorum Medii Aevi Tomus IV, i (Berlin, 1909). Parts of books I and II appeared in Godman (1985) with English translation.
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William Hazlitt doubtfully attributes to Wright a volume of translations entitled Sales Epigrammatum: Being the choycest Distichs of Martials Fourteen Books of Epigrams & of all the Chief Latin Poets that have writ in these two last Centuries. Together with Cato's Morality, London, 1663, and 1664: this volume is dedicated to Sir William Bromley in June 1663 by "James Wright M. Arts". The same signature is affixed to a version of Ovid's Epistles, 1683.
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Either by been explained, or completed, or supplemented, or quite often the theme of the main clause is amplified by been repeated or restated in other words. Political verses are usually, but not exclusively, organized in pairs (thus forming "stanzas" of two lines, known as distichs or couplets). The poem can be as short as a single two-line stanza, or as long as the poet wishes. Some of the early narrative poems consist of thousands of lines.
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Thus there are Varro, Cato,There are several people and writings called Cato from before Virgilius' day, and which source he used is uncertain. The best-known in his time may have been the Distichs of Cato, often called simply Cato. three Vergiliuses, three Vulcans, Aeneas and Origenes, and also Sufphonias, Galbungus, Sagillus, Blastus, Gurgilius, Balapsidius – the list can be expanded. Some of these names are clear fabrications, often displaying considerable knowledge of classical and patristic literature.
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The prologue begins with a Latin quotation from the Distichs of Cato which it translates as, "Among thy careful business, use sometimes mirth and joy [so] that no bodily work, thy wits break or annoy." The speaker of the prologue goes on explain the importance of recreation and mirth as being restorative to the mind and introduces the following work as being based on a comedy of Plautus which will not present any serious matter, but rather be light-hearted and humorous.
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The Book of Legends is a collection of eight legends: "Maria", "Ascensio", "Gongolfus", "Pelagius", "Theophilus", "Basilius", "Dionysius", and "Agnes". All are written in Leonine hexameter except "Gongolph", which is written in rhymed distichs. "Theophilus" and "Basilius", are based on Latin translations of the vitae of Greek saints, and are versions of the Faustian tradition, in which a sinner sells his soul to the Devil. Hrotsvitha supplements the story with her description of Theophilus in The Seven Arts: De sophiae rivis septeno fonte manantis.
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135 It was also presented as a virtue in the Distichs of Cato, which enjoin youth to "Trocho lude; aleam fuge" ("Play with the hoop, flee the dice").Harris, p. 136 A 2nd-century medical text by Antyllus, preserved in an anthology of Oribasius, Emperor Julian's physician, describes hoop rolling as a form of physical and mental therapy. Antyllus indicates that at first the player should roll the hoop maintaining an upright posture, but after warming up he can begin to jump and run through the hoop.
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Bihari Lal Chaube or Bihārī (1595-1663)Kangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai National Museum, New Delhi, 1966. was a Hindi poet, who is famous for writing the Satasaī (Seven Hundred Verses) in Brajbhasha, a collection of approximately seven hundred distichs, Kumar which is perhaps the most celebrated Hindi work of poetic art, as distinguished from narrative and simpler styles. Today it is considered the most well known book of the Ritikavya Kaal or 'Riti Kaal'(an era in which poets wrote poems for kings) RitiKavya Kaal of Hindi literature.Google notebook Hindi literature.
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Kural couplet on display inside a Chennai Metro train Tamil literature contains some of the best known examples of ancient couplet poetry. The Tamil language has a rich and refined grammar for couplet poetry, and distichs in Tamil poetry follow the venpa metre. The most famous example for Tamil couplet poetry is the ancient Tamil moral text of Tirukkural, which contains a total of 1330 couplets written in the kural venpa metre from which the title of the work was derived centuries later. Each Kural couplet is made of exactly 7 words—4 in the first line and 3 in the second.
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A story of Arabic origin which was later absorbed and embellished by the Persians. The poem of 4,600 distichs was dedicated, in 1192, to Abu al-Muzaffar Shirvanshah, who claimed descent from the Sassanid King, whose exploits are reflected in Nezami's "Seven Beauties"(Haft Paykar). The poem is based on the popular Arab legend of ill- starred lovers: the poet Qays falls in love with his cousin Layla, but is prevented from marrying her by Layla's father. Layla's father forbids contact with Qays and Qays becomes obsessed and starts signing of his love for Layla in public.
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Waller was regarded by some as the pioneer in introducing the classical couplet into English verse, despite its earlier use by Geoffrey Chaucer. But though smooth distichs were employed by poets before Waller, Gosse credits him with being the first to make writing in the serried couplet the habit and the fashion. Waller was writing in the regular heroic measure, (the classical school of poetry) afterwards developed by John Dryden and Alexander Pope as early as 1623 (if not, as has been supposed even in 1621). Waller, along with his contemporary John Denham, were labelled the "Sons of British Poetry".
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Xenien is a Germanization of the Greek Xenia "host gifts", a title originally applied by the Roman poet Martial (1st century AD) to a collection of poems which were to accompany his presents. Following this precedent, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe named a collection of distichs, which he wrote together with Friedrich Schiller, Die Xenien, in which the two friends avenged themselves on opposing critics. They were first published in the Musenalmanach. The Xenien were prompted by the indifference and animosity of contemporary criticism, and its disregard for what the two poets regarded as the higher interests of German poetry.
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Composed shortly after the death of two year old Simon of Trent in 1475, whose death served as the catalyst for a vicious initiative headed by Johannes Hinderbach to hold the Jews of the city accountable. It is a two book hexametrical poem in hagiographic style on the life, martyrdom, and miracles brought about by Simon of Trent. The work continued to see revisions and additions in the form of prefatory distichs and a letter well into the 1480s. It was one among several literary projects sponsored by Hinderbach to inflame antisemitic sentiment throughout the region and beyond.
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While several anthologies were compiled by collecting bardic poems of earlier centuries, some of the epic poems such as the Cilappatikaram and didactic works such as the Tirukkural were also written during this period.The identity of the author of Tirukkural is not known with any certainty. This work of 1330 distichs is attributed to Tiruvalluvar, who was probably a Jain with knowledge of the Sanskrit didactic works of the north. The patronage of the Jain and Buddhist scholars by the Kalabhra kings influenced the nature of the literature of the period, and most of the works that can be attributed to this period were written by the Jain and Buddhist authors.
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According to Mohammad Dabirsiaqi / Encyclopædia Iranica, Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani's poems have a "charming, lyrical quality". Among his "more important works", one finds the Mafatih ol-kalam va madayeh ol-keram, dedicated to Khvajeh Mohammad Mastari (a vizier of the Ilkhanid period). In this lengthy panegyric work, Zu'l-Fiqar uses "two opening verses (matla) encompassing every possible combination of meter (da'era) and elision (zehafat), written in acrostic form (tawsih)". Dabirsiaqi states that the work is also noted for the fact that in every few lines within the same section (the two opening verses), certain words can be strung together to form new distichs (abyat) with different meters.
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The language is the form of Hindi called Brajbhasha, spoken in the country about Mathura, where the poet lived. The couplets are inspired by the Krishna side of Vishnu-worship, and the majority of them take the shape of amorous utterances of Radha, the chief of the Gopis or cowherd maidens of Braj, and her divine lover, the son of Vasudeva. Each couplet is independent and complete in itself. The distichs, in their collected form, are arranged, not in any sequence of narrative or dialogue, but according to the technical classification of the sentiments which they convey as set forth in the treatises on Indian rhetoric.
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Juventinus Albius Ovidius was the name of the author of thirty-five distichs titled Elegia de Philomela, containing a collection of those words which are supposed to express appropriately the sounds uttered by birds, quadrupeds, and other animals. For example: The age in which the author lived is quite unknown, but from the last couplet in the piece it would appear that he was a Christian. German philologist Gottfried Bernhardy attempted to prove from Spartianus that this and other trifles of a similar description were composed by the contemporaries of the emperor Geta, the son of Septimius Severus and the brother of Caracalla.Gottfried Bernhardy, Grundriss der Röm. Litt. p. 135.
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Being an adaptation of the Latin Distichs of Cato, the Old English Dicts of Cato shares many of its themes. However, Elaine Treharne argues that the Latin version was adapted into Old English for a monastic readership, perhaps lay people who had turned to monasticism later in life (in the early sense of conversi), and that in doing so, the Latin proverbs about "classical practices or legends" and those about secular concerns were removed. The impersonal grammatical structuring of the Latin version was also dropped in favour of the use of the second person pronoun þu. These two changes reflect contemporary ideological movements in which a monk's individual relationship with God was increasingly emphasised.
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He wrote local, historical and military poems, idylls, epigrams and occasional pieces, collected under the title of Sylvae. His most popular works were translations of the Psalms into Latin distichs (which reached over fifty editions) and of the Iliad into hexameters. His most original poem was the Heroides in imitation of Ovid, consisting of letters from holy women, from the Virgin Mary down to Kunigunde, wife of the Emperor Henry II. His Epistolae were edited by his friend Camerarius, who also wrote his life (1553). There are later accounts of him by M. Hertz (1860), G. Schwertzell (1874) and C. Krause (1879); see also D. F. Strauss, Ulrich von Hutten (Eng. trans.
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Khusrau stand on either side of the canal built to supply Shirin with the milk of goats and cows, taken from the Khamsa of Nizami A story of pre-Islamic Persian origin which is found in the great epico- historical poems of Shahnameh and is based on a true story that was further romanticized by Persian poets. The story chosen by Nezami, was commissioned and dedicated to the Seljuk Sultan Toghril II, the Atabek Muhammad ibn Eldiguz Jahan Pahlavan and his brother Qizil Arslan. It contains about 6,500 distichs in length, the story depicts the love of Sassanian Khosrow II Parviz towards his Armenian princess Shirin. "Khusrow and Shirin" recounts the story of King Khosrow's courtship of Princess Shirin, and vanquishing of his love-rival, Farhad.
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Anne Dudley (née Seymour) Countess of Warwick (1538-1588) was a writer during the sixteenth century in England, along with her sisters Lady Margaret Seymour and Lady Jane Seymour.Jane Stevenson: "Seymour, Lady Jane (1541–1561)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required) Retrieved 2010-04-04 She was the eldest daughter of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, who from 1547-1549 was the Lord Protector of England during the minority of her cousin, Edward VI. Being educated by the French humanist and poet, Nicholas Denisot, Anne Seymour with her sisters Margaret and Jane composed 103 Latin distichs for the tomb of Marguerite de Navarre, which were published in France as Hecatodistichon. The first edition of March 1550 was followed by a second in 1551, containing significant alterations.
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The poetry of Angelus Silesius consists largely of epigrams in the form of alexandrine couplets—the style that dominated German poetry and mystical literature during the Baroque era. According to Baker, the epigram was key to conveying mysticism, because "the epigram with its tendency towards brevity and pointedness is a suitable genre to cope with the aesthetic problem of the ineffability of the mystical experience."Baker, Christopher (ed.), "Johann Scheffler (Angelus Silesius)" in Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1720: A Biographical Dictionary (Wesport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002), 343. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition identifies these epigrams as Reimsprüche—or rhymed distichs—and describes them as: Silesius's poetry directs the reader to seek a path toward a desired spiritual state, an eternal stillness, by eschewing material or physical needs and the human will.
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As many as 350 tales are built around this central story, making it the largest existing collection of Indian tales. Somadeva declares that his work is a faithful though abridged translation of a much larger collection of stories known as the Bṛhatkathā, or Great Tale written in the lost Paisaci dialect by Guṇāḍhya. But the Kashmirian (or "Northwestern") Bṛhatkathā that Somadeva adapted may be quite different from the Paisaci ur-text, as at least 5 apparent descendants of Guṇāḍhya's work exist — all quite different in form and content, the best-known (after the Kathāsaritsāgara itself) probably being the Bṛhatkathāślokasaṃgraha of Budhasvamin from Nepal. Like the Panchatantra, tales from the Kathāsaritsāgara (or its related versions) travelled to many parts of the world. Kathāsaritsāgara consists of 18 lambhakas ("books") of 124 taramgas (chapters called as "waves") and approximately 22,000 ślokas (distichs) in addition to prose sections.
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We can add the Distichs of Cato (Catonis Disticha), Einhard, Hegesippus, Horace, certain texts to be found in the so-called Spicilegium Ravennatis historiae; Virgil, perhaps the Dominican Vincent of Beauvais, and the manuscripts of the Abbey of Santa Giustina in Padua, without excluding others still. For this very considerable widening of his learning, Riccobaldo certainly owed a great deal to his mixing in the circles of the pre-humanists of Padua, from whom he learned much, but to whom he probably also gave not a little. In any case, there is no overlooking Riccobaldo nowadays as a figure of first rank in the history of Italian culture, despite his having been neglected even in relatively recent times by historians who were otherwise not without merit. Other works by Riccobaldo, apart from those listed below, are his geographical compilations, one of which, the De locis orbis, was published for the first time only in 1986, while the other, De origine urbium Italie, had in 2013 still not been published.
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