Khatsuria, Rajnikant M. Hydraulics of Spillways and Energy Dissipators. New York: CRC Press, 2004, p. 220.
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Major repairs include turbine casing, turbine rotor damage and other damages that require transporting the equipment to another location(usually the manufacturer). The overhauls are the dissipators of the annual PLF of any power plant.
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The rock, and aggregate for concrete production, came from an on-site quarry. The geology of the reservoir is very variable. A long grout curtain incorporating 6,700 tonnes of cement was needed to seal against leakage. The main spillway is a concrete ogee structure long with energy dissipators, on the upper left flank of the dam about north of the river.
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Damage from cavitation has been reported in several hydraulic structures, including open channel spillways, bottom outlets in dams, high-head gates and gate slots, and energy dissipators with hydraulic-jump stilling basins. The velocity of water that impinges at the surface point is one of the causes of cavitation. Also, the increase height of spillways on high dams leads to an increase of cavitation caused by nappe flow.
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In the 1940s and 1950s, rapid residential development expanded into this portion of the Almaden Valley including building which encroached into the 100-year floodplain. The Santa Clara Valley Water District began studying this watershed with emphasis upon flood control functions, and made some minor streambed alterations such as energy dissipators. In 1976 the District developed a comprehensive flood control plan and retained Earth Metrics Inc. to prepare an independent Environmental Impact Report.
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This kit included gravel deflectors on the landing gear; foldaway lights on the bottom of the plane; and screens that prevented gravel, entering the open wheelwells when the gear was extended, from hitting critical components. It also included vortex dissipators, devices that would reduce the airflow into the engine from the bottom so as to reduce the likelihood of ingesting gravel. Airbus are investigating a novel approach to reducing FOD. By developing, in conjunction with Israel Aerospace Industries, the Taxibot, a tractor controlled by the pilot, aircraft will not need to use jet engines while taxiing, so will not be vulnerable to FOD on aprons or taxiways.
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Inorganic nanotubes are an alternative material to better-explored carbon nanotubes, showing advantages such as easy synthetic access and high crystallinity, good uniformity and dispersion, predefined electrical conductivity depending on the composition of the starting material and needle-like morphology, good adhesion to a number of polymers and high impact-resistance. They are therefore promising candidates as fillers for polymer composites with enhanced thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. Target applications for this kind of composites are materials for heat management, electrostatic dissipators, wear protection materials, photovoltaic elements, etc. Inorganic nanotubes are heavier than carbon nanotubes and not as strong under tensile stress, but they are particularly strong under compression, leading to potential applications in impact-resistant applications such as bulletproof vests.
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