469 Sentences With "diasporas" | Random Sentence Generator

It's divorced from intense cultural and geopolitical trauma of Asian diasporas.

"Countries are realizing they have value in these diasporas," Kingsley said.

Diasporas often witness very different crises unfold in their home countries.

Arab documentaries search for Jewish diasporas that once lived in Arab lands.

Other countries with large diasporas include Russia, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Ukraine.

What is it about these diasporas that allows them to succeed in business?

Yet the declining importance of Africa's business diasporas may be a sign of success.

Riley and Leach's other acolytes now comprise one of the sport's most influential diasporas.

Black history, and the stories of other diasporas, deserve to be defined more broadly.

His black and white images offer a seamless visual connection between decades, cities, and diasporas.

Each country has its own specialties and the diasporas mean numerous restaurants across the host cities.

Nile Davies: I was really interested in this idea of "tiny diasporas" of a person's life.

Brazil has one of the world's largest Arab diasporas, mostly Christians of Syrian and Lebanese origins.

But new diasporas are more of an exception today than they were during the Cold War.

"There's somewhat of a disconnect between the two diasporas," says London independent curator Rianna Jade Parker.

I feel that the South Asian and Muslim diasporas are at a crossroads of many things.

Indian diasporas grew across Africa; students and scholars from Africa routinely visited and lived in India.

"Diasporas and outsourcing: evidence from oDesk and India", by Ejaz Ghani, William Kerr and Christopher Stanton, Management Science, 2014.

"At Club Chai you hear a wide range of genres of various global diasporas mixed with club music," they said.

" After all, Person pointed out, referring to the numerous Jewish diasporas around the world, "We were immigrants; we were refugees.

Chicago-raised photographer John Simmons, who almost lost his entire archive in a fire, seamlessly connects decades, cities, and diasporas.

Spurred by that success, Coetzee soon began helping Zeitz build his own collection of contemporary art from Africa and its diasporas.

A different kind of colorful minimalism is at this gallery specializing in modern and contemporary art from South Asia and its diasporas.

Both groups have become "settled strangers", a label used by Gijsbert Oonk, a Dutch historian who has studied Asian diasporas in east Africa.

The beautiful game has become increasingly popular amongst the various Indian diasporas, as reflected in the burgeoning teams that represent Indian Gymkhana today.

Will this question be asked of large ethnic Chinese diasporas in countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and New Zealand?

Though many countries welcome new migrants with fiscal incentives, attempts to lure back leavers tend to be limited to those with large diasporas.

The fund will seek support from new donor countries, the commercial sector, foundations, philanthropists, diasporas and faith-based groups, as well as traditional donors.

Her deeply felt work and poetic sensibility have made Zarina a cross-generational icon among artists from South Asia and its far-flung diasporas.

There's no fixed criteria, but obviously, we are rooted in African-American music, and jazz, soul, funk, and all those various diasporas and forms.

That anxiety has turned into action: Diasporas around the world are connecting and informing others about political unrest taking place in their home countries.

Their squad draws heavily from the diasporas in Europe and benefits greatly from players born or brought up in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Spain.

Neery was a longtime leader in making and curating art about global diasporas, particularly those with ties to the Middle East and the Ottoman world.

Turkey is home to one of the world's largest Uighur diasporas, with a population of between 20,000 and 50,000 people, according to Uighur community leaders there.

Yet, as with most killings in Africa, there wasn't any international protest within black communities in the diasporas to defend the humanity of these black people.

These musicians mix in other popular styles of black music, from the sounds of the African and Caribbean diasporas to the beats of jungle and grime.

In "Espiritu Vivo" (2012), Ronald K. Brown explores grief and finds inspiration in the meeting of African and Latino diasporas in the Caribbean and Latin America.

Intended to represent Africa and its diasporas, the inaugural exhibition of the permanent collection attempts to give shape to the plurality of African identities and visual languages.

The consumers of K-pop and Latin trap are young, using the internet in its platonic ideal to spread music from their diasporas and nations to others.

Like its title suggests, this exhibition presents an abstract of the artist's global travels and cultural experiences—art containing not just one, but a multitude of diasporas.

I focused on European countries with large African diasporas who had colonized the African continent and Caribbean—France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Germany.

If you look at each contributor, they all have their own identities that come from their diasporas, and they also carry their own paths and traditions to Islam.

It offers an unprecedented encounter between Western artists (among them Jenny Holzer, Luc Tuymans and Richard Serra) and more than 30 artists from Iraq, Kuwait and their diasporas.

With its latest season at the Joyce Theater, which opened on Tuesday, the company turns its focus to a particular cultural crossroads: where Hispanic and Asian diasporas meet.

Though there are many diasporas which are coming to terms with slow-burning hostility in the UK, there are few immigrant communities that face mainstream denigration quite like Romanians.

Aceves said the work reflected the oppression and violence that led to diasporas and forced migration, with none of the victoriousness often associated with the figure of the horse.

Even so, the area is still anchored by a sense of community that's sewn between the diasporas from the Caribbean, Somalia and Ethiopia, Bengalis, and Afghans that inhabit Regent.

Xi has delivered multiple speeches and made it formal policy to demand loyalty and commitment from diasporas who the Party refers to as the "sons and daughters" of China.

Ramesh says people in diasporas who enjoy fewer privileges than she does shouldn't feel pressure to stay politically active; as Salari and Parseyan pointed out, it can be dangerous.

Plans for an exhibition titled "A Global Saint in a Virtual World: Devotional Diasporas of Shirdi Sai Baba" were interrupted after she learned she had metastatic breast cancer in 2010.

Finally, to give the Syria and Vietnam projects context, she has made large world maps, embroidered on canvas, with the global routes of many diasporas stitched in bright-colored thread.

There has been talk of Caribbean states banding together to establish a commercial bank in the United States to serve their diasporas and provide correspondent services to banks in the region.

In a twist characteristic of this postmodern era of powerful diasporas and hotly contested microconstituencies, these features—Haitian-Americans' progress, and their long memories—might play a role in November's presidential election.

At this year's Conifa opening ceremony, held last week in the home stadium of Bromley FC, local soccer fans cheered alongside a dizzying global mix of diasporas, and the occasional political scientist.

For now, it seems that the Asian Art Museum is relying on its public programs and educational initiatives, rather than its collection, to do the diversifying work of reimagining Asia and its diasporas.

The categorical use of the G-word will come as a relief to people who spend their time rooting for the hard-pressed minorities of northern Iraq, including their energetic diasporas in America.

She completed five years of graduate study at UCLA with a deep understanding of diasporic politics and aesthetic, adopting a lens that viewed diasporas as intersectional and coalitional rather than in nationalist terms.

We need stories told in Spanglish and Korean slang, and erudite English, and in bright and moody colors by artists who represent the sons and daughters of the African, Latino and Asian diasporas.

In this emerging world, it's not just diasporas listening to their respective musics, though those groups play an enormous part, especially the substantial chunk of the US that speaks Spanish as their first language.

The book is an effortful reference for how New York morphed from a syncretic collection of diasporas—both extra-national and of the identity and mind—into a bland sovereignty of the mega-rich.

In "Espiritu Vivo" (2012), the inventive and musical Ronald K. Brown explores the grief that arises from tragedy; he finds inspiration in the meeting of African and Latino diasporas in the Caribbean and Latin America.

BRIC is pleased to present Bordering the Imaginary: Art from the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and their Diasporas, on view March 15 through April 29, 2018, at BRIC House, featuring Downtown Brooklyn's largest contemporary art gallery.

"We had a big strategy around building a big Latin team, and trying to understand the diasporas of the world," Nick Holmsten, Spotify's global head of shows and editorial told me in Spotify's New York office.

There's a strong presence of South Asian Canadians in the mix, specially in the related conference (Queens Museum, June 22002–July 207), which makes sense since the divisions in North American diasporas never stop at the border.

Nevertheless, the centering of Toronto's rich culture of Somali, South Asian and Caribbean diasporas will likely continue to be to 6ixBuzz's benefit as it continues to mine compelling, other times troubling, but always engaging content from these communities.

His harsh rhetoric toward the Kremlin and unyielding support for independence movements throughout the Soviet bloc ensured that in the years to come, many of the Eastern European diasporas in swing states would go red rather than blue.

The world's two most important emerging economies, China and India, also boast its largest and richest diasporas, notably in the US. Families who moved from these countries to the US have long enjoyed a position of financial superiority.

We wait for our teams and our heroes to fail and to succeed on sidewalks as much as in living rooms and bedrooms, but we imagine new communities in the modern diasporas of displaced fans from far away cities.

The new jazz sound mixes in other popular styles of black music in the city, from the sounds of the African and Caribbean diasporas — calypso, dub, Afrobeat — to the beats of the city's night life, like jungle and grime.

Featuring nearly 100 works of art from artists and creators in Latin America and its diasporas, the exhibition builds on the Tate Modern's 2015-16 The World Goes Pop as it intervenes in long-held conceptions of Pop Art's geographic consolidations.

The first ten are brooding and layered with dissonant strings, while tracks 11 through 16 tap into the musical style inspired by the Caribbean, North Africa, and their diasporas before returning to some harsher reflections in the last few tracks.

Relational Undercurrents is a survey of contemporary Caribbean art spanning several countries, including Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Curacao, Aruba, St. Maarten, St. Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, St. Vincent, and their diasporas.

A continued activist for women and people of color, well after the decline of the Young Lords, Morales founded the Red Sugarcane Press, an independent agency dedicated to publishing works concerning the Puerto Rican and Latinx Diasporas in the Americas.

If Chinese diasporas are to feel respected and valued in Australia and other countries, and if more ethnic Chinese citizens are to be encouraged to run for political office, the countering of Beijing's United Front operations needs to be taken seriously.

The teams included amateurs and a few professionals from their respective homelands (as with Székely Land, an ethnic Hungarian area in Romania) or their diasporas abroad (as with Western Armenia, whose Armenian inhabitants were deported by the Ottomans during the first world war).

In low-income countries, Facebook has made it possible for small business owners to maintain an easily accessible web presence, and in communities where extended families are split across borders and diasporas, Facebook (and WhatsApp, which it owns) has made group conversations cheap and seamless.

Part fiction, part documentary, these films and installations address contemporary global issues: how humans have shaped the natural world; what "we" have inherited from colonialism; the unresolved histories of global Asian and African diasporas; and how "we" are changing in response to new technologies.

SR: There's a way in which those little diasporas, those little accumulations of meaning, of material meaning, get teased out, so that we start to think not only about what goes into making a chair, but what goes into making an American myth, a president.

In this exhibition, organized by Katherine Brinson, Susan Thompson, and with support from Ylinka Barotto, Vo uses the term "tiny diasporas" to indicate that the objects he collects or acquires, like the chairs from the Kennedy administration, are intertwined with those communal and individual memories.

With France's Caribbean, African and Arab diasporas celebrating the win with enormous enthusiasm and seeming to identify with heroes like Zidane, Desailly, Thuram and the rest, it was expedient to present the World Cup as a symbol of unity for FIFA and the French political establishment alike.

Furthermore, demographic changes, marked by a general growth of Latinx diasporas in East Harlem over the last 50 years, may require a new and more inclusive definition for the term El Barrio (neighborhood), which until now was associated with the Puerto Rican community at the museum.

Because there is no tournament of its caliber in Mexico, the Caribbean, or Central and South America, the Miami Open has developed into the de facto Latin American Slam, drawing fans from the region and its diasporas, transforming this Florida fixture into a virtual homecoming for Latino players.

Those early grants, often the hardest to secure, helped 50 institutions start developing shows that cover photography, film, dance, music, performance, architecture, sculpture and visual art from 20 countries, as well as the Japanese and Chinese diasporas of Peru and the Caribbean and the black communities of Bahia in Brazil.

When he told The New York Times that, if elected, he would not automatically come to the aid of NATO allies such as the Baltic States if they came under Russian attack, he raised alarm bells not only throughout the region, but also among other Central and Eastern European diasporas.

They're basically a group of revolutionaries who'd rather build each other up than tear shit down, and make music spanning influences from Latin America, west Africa, southern Africa and the black and south Asian diasporas in the UK. Have a listen to recent single "Woyale" for a sense of what that sounds like.

Featuring works from artists in Latin America and its diasporas, Pop América intervenes in long-held conceptions of Pop Art's geographic consolidations in the US and UK. Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads DURHAM, North Carolina — Long associated with the transatlantic axis of cultural production between the United Kingdom and the United States, Pop Art's genealogy has seldom been considered a hemispheric enterprise.

La création de tels forums en France et ailleurs dans le monde est au cœur du projet politique lancé sous M. Poutine intitulé "Monde russe": il s'agit de mobiliser les diasporas russophones afin de développer, dans chaque pays, une force d'action pour les initiatives linguistiques, culturelles ou économiques russes, mais aussi un soutien au Kremlin sur des questions géopolitiques, comme par exemple le conflit russo-ukrainienne.

If you want a real reason to fear the EU and its sub-clique the euro zone, stop bleating on about Brussels illegitimacy and how hordes of European diasporas are apparently ruining our country and take a look at the fact that there are one or two economies in Europe that just may be in a worse position than "good old Blighty" and that may just scupper the European project with or without the British.

Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol.

In their Diasporas and International Relations Theory, Yossi Shain and Aharon Barth incorporate the study of diasporas into international relations (IR) theory by focusing on diasporas as independent actors who actively influence their homeland (kin- state) foreign policies. Shain and Barth argue that diasporic influences can best be understood by situating them in the 'theoretical space' shared by constructivism and liberalism; two approaches that acknowledge the impact of identity and domestic politics on international behavior.Shain, Y., & Barth, A. (January 01, 2003). Diasporas and international relations theory.

Diasporas, according to Shain and Wittes, can be "propagandists" for their homelands.

" Journal of Canadian Studies. 21.8 (1986) 138-152. Palmateer Pennee, Donna. "Inside Diasporas.

Eventually, it crossed national boundaries and reached cities with Indian diasporas around the world.

Cohen was principal investigator on the Oxford Diasporas Programme, funded by the Leverhulme Trust.

The combined Spanish-Portuguese inquisitions caused one of the largest diasporas in Jewish history.

Furthermore, "labor migrants who maintain (to some degree) emotional and social ties with a homeland" have also been described as diasporas. In further cases of the use of the term, "the reference to the conceptual homeland – to the 'classical' diasporas – has become more attenuated still, to the point of being lost altogether". Here, Brubaker cites "transethnic and transborder linguistic categories...such as Francophone, Anglophone and Lusophone 'communities'", along with Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Confucian, Huguenot, Muslim and Catholic 'diasporas'. Brubaker notes that, , there were also academic books or articles on the Dixie, white, liberal, gay, queer and digital diasporas.

History provides many examples of notable diasporas. The Eurominority.eu map (the European Union) Peoples of the World includes some diasporas and underrepresented/stateless ethnic groups. Note: the list below is not definitive and includes groups that have not been given significant historical attention.

Political lobbying groups of Indian diaspora influence the foreign policies of other nations in India's favor. Indian diaspora's lobby groups especially collaborate well with the influential Jewish diaspora in the Western World for creating favorable outcome for India and Israel. Indian diaspora has good relations with most other diasporas, including its offshoot Bangladeshi and Pakistani diasporas, as well all other SAARC neighbors such as Afghan, Bhutanese, Burmese, Nepali. Sri Lankan, and Tibetan diasporas.

This is a list of notable active non-governmental organizations of national minorities, indigenous and diasporas.

Colombians in Costa Rica are one of the fastest growing diasporas in this Central American country.

Today the Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese diasporas have brought Confucianism to all parts of the world.

1 (2012): 44–57.Baser, Bahar. Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts: A Comparative Perspective. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2015.

Trading diasporas were able to create cultural and economical ties with different regions rather than a political relationship.

The film screened throughout Australia, Europe and the United States.Simpson, Catherine and Renata Murawska. Diasporas of Australian Cinema.

Historical German, French, Estonian, American, and Central Asian diasporas of the beginning of the XXI century have been little studied.

The Babar (Pashto: بابړ) or Babori tribe is a Pashtun tribe. The Babar diasporas is spread across Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

The purpose of the magazine is to conduct research of the art and literature of the Caribbean and its corresponding diasporas.

Recent examples include special issues on electoral quotas, Euroscepticism, Populism in World Politics and Diasporas and Sending States in World Politics.

The Hadhrami speak Hadhrami Arabic, a variety of Arabic, while the Diasporas that have acculturated mainly speak the local language they live in.

Aija Poikāne-Daumke, African Diasporas: Afro-German Literature in the Context of the African American Experience, LIT Verlag, 2004, pp. 57–59, 99.

Creolization as a relational process can enable new forms of identity formation and processes of communal enrichment through pacific intermixtures and aggregations, but its uneven dynamics remain a factor to consider whether in the context of colonization or globalization. The meeting points of multiple diasporas and the crossing and intersection of diasporas are sites of new creolizations. New sites of creolizations continue the ongoing ethics of the sharing of the world that has now become a global discourse which is rooted in English and French Caribbean. The cultural fusion and hybridization of new diasporas surfaces and creates new forms of creolization.

In addition to the development of global markets trading diasporas also triggered an exchange of cultures, ideas and technology between the host country and the merchant.

Le monde caraïbe: défis et dynamiques. Visions identitaires, diasporas, configurations culturelles. Actes du colloque international. Publications de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, France, 2005.

The conference focuses on the role of diasporas in helping achieve the Commonwealth's vision and mandates, and the part diasporas can play in shaping and implementing Commonwealth programs. The campus also hosted The East Asian Medical Students' Conference (EAMSC) in December 2008. The EAMSC is one of two conferences organised by AMSA annually. In December 2015 the School of Arts and Social Sciences hosted a conference titled "Internet in Southeast Asia".

In his writing, Brenner praised the Zionist endeavor, but also contradicted himself, contending that the Land of Israel was just another diaspora and no different from other diasporas.

Ivorians in France consist of migrants from Côte d'Ivoire and their descendants living and working in France. They are one of the diasporas from Black Africa in France.

Guineans in France consist of migrants from Guinea and their descendants living and working in France. They are one of the diasporas from Black Africa in French banlieue.

Togolese people in France consist of migrants from Togo and their descendants living and working in France. They are one of the Sub-Saharan African diasporas in France.

Mauritanians in France consist of migrants from Mauritania and their descendants living and working in France. They are one of the diasporas from Sub-Saharan Africa in France.

William Safran in an article published in 1991,Safran, William. 1991. "Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return." In Diaspora, 1, no. 1: pp. 83–99.

In 2018, between 5% and 10% of all the mici produced in Romania were exported, mainly to countries with large Romanian diasporas, such as Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Xu Xin, Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World: Vol. I, Jewish Diaspora in China, Springer 2004, p.159, .

As part of the European People's Party group, he is member of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons (since 2015) and the Sub-Committee on Diasporas and Integration (since 2020). In this capacity, he is the coordinator of PACE’s Parliamentary Network on Diaspora PoliciesCOVID-19: The head of PACE’s Sub-Committee on Diasporas urges governments to make it easier for diasporas to send money home during the crisis Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, press release of April 3, 2020. and served as the Assembly's rapporteur on the humanitarian needs and rights of internally displaced persons in Europe in 2018.Concerted efforts to address the needs of internally displaced persons Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, press release of April 25, 2018.

Armenian Australians refers to Australians of Armenian national background or descent. They have become one of the key Armenian diasporas around the world and among the largest in the English-speaking world. While the Armenian community in Australia is among the youngest of all diasporas, Australia's economic prosperity over the past decade has attracted many skilled Armenian migrants. The official relationship between Australia and Armenia started on 26 December 1991, and diplomatic relations were established on 15 January 1992.

Colón is also an outspoken advocate for women and girls to pursue careers in science. During her time as Deputy Adviser, she oversaw the creation of the Networks of Diasporas in Engineering and Science (NODES) initiative to empower diasporas with science expertise to develop and influence effective policies and solve challenges in their countries of origin. As part of President Obama's White House "Untold History of Women in STEM" project, she shared the story of Puerto Rican scientist Ana Roqué de Duprey.

Currently immigrants represent 9% of the Costa Rican population, the largest in Central America and the Caribbean. By 2014 the three largest Immigrant Diasporas in Costa Rica are people from: Nicaragua, Colombia and United States.

There are also populous diasporas of Southern Kurdish-speakers found in the Alburz mountains. Native speakers use various different alphabets to write Southern Kurdish, the most common ones are extensions of the standard Kurdish alphabets.

Barbadian English or Bajan English is a dialect of the English language as used by Barbadians (Bajans) and by Barbadian diasporas. It should not be confused with Bajan Creole, which is an English-based creole language.

A Century of American Historiography. Bedford St. Martins Press(2009); "From Tribal to Indian: American Indian Identity in the Twentieth Century". Native Diasporas: Indigenous Identities and Settler Colonialism in the Americas. University of Nebraska Press (2014).

By C. Orser (University of Utah Press, 2001). Fennell 2007 Christopher Fennell, Crossroads and Cosmologies: Diasporas and Ethnogenesis in the New World (University of Florida Press, 2007).) has increased dramatically thanks to research in historical archaeology.

Beneath the national level, governance of football may be divided up into regional or territorial associations. Other non-national associations represent stateless populations, diasporas or micronations. Details of these are listed at non-FIFA international football.

Migration can be voluntary or involuntary. Involuntary migration includes forced displacement (in various forms such as deportation, slave trade, trafficking in human beings) and flight (war refugees, ethnic cleansing), both resulting in the creation of diasporas.

"Ethnic identity groups and U.S. foreign policy." Praeger Publishers. A diaspora is a transnational community that defined itself as a singular ethnic group based upon its shared identity. Diasporas result from historical emigration from an original homeland.

The concept of transnationalism refers to multiple links and interactions linking people and institutions across the borders of nation-states. Although much of the more recent literature has focused on popular protest as a form of transnational activism, some research has also drawn attention to clandestine and criminal networks, as well as foreign fighters, as examples of a wider form of transnationalism. Some have argued that diasporas, such as the overseas Chinese, are a historical precursor to modern transnationalism. However, unlike some people with transnationalist lives, most diasporas have not been voluntary.

Ethnic Russians in former Soviet Union states according to the most recent census Today the largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside of Russia exist in former Soviet states such as Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (3,644,529 / 20.61%) 2016, Belarus (about 1.2 million), Latvia (about 620,000), Uzbekistan (about 650, 000)Uzbekistan: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA and Kyrgyzstan (about 600,000). The situation faced by ethnic Russian diasporas varied widely. In Belarus, there was no perceivable change in status, but in Estonia and Latvia,"Russians beyond the Limits of Russia", O.I. Vendina, Geography newspaper, no.

Television host Silvio Santos, born to Sephardic Jewish immigrant parents. Brazil is also home to one of the top 10 largest Jewish diasporas on Earth, most of them of Ashkenazi background but also Sephardi Jews included. Brazil figures on the diasporas list together with Argentina, and São Paulo has one of the largest Jewish populations by urban area on the planet. Ashkenazi Jews first arrived during Imperial times, when the liberal second emperor of Brazil welcomed a few thousands of families facing persecution in Europe during the 1870s and 1880s.

In Turkey the term nowadays used as a name for all Caucasian nations such as, such as Karachays, Ossetians, different Dagestanian diasporas and others.Tavkul, Ufuk. Karaçay-Malkar Halkına XIX. Yüzyıl Başlarına Kadar Verilen İsimlerAslan, Cahit (2005). Doğu Akdeniz’deki Çerkesler .

That arena has a capacity of 32000. As it also is equipped with artificial ice, Kemerovo has the best infrastructure for developing bandy in Russia. Since 2013 there has been a "bandy on boots" tournament for national diasporas living in Kuzbass.

Lucia "Aling Lucing" Lagman Cunanan (1927 or 1928 – April 16, 2008) was a Filipino restaurateur credited in some quarters as having invented or re- invented sisig, a Kapampangan dish now popular all over the Philippines and among Filipino diasporas worldwide.

Drawing on material in his own collection relating to the visual arts practices of artists particularly from African, South Asian and other diasporas, he also initiated the online research and reference facility Diaspora Artists."Welcome to Diaspora-Artists.net", Diaspora Artists.

Two of her flags depicting Lasirène were included in Mami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas a traveling exhibition originated at the Fowler Museum at UCLA that travelled to several venues including National Museum of African Art.

The twentieth century saw huge population movements. Some involved large-scale transfers of people by government action. Some migrations occurred to avoid conflict and warfare. Other diasporas formed as a consequence of political developments, such as the end of colonialism.

Trading diasporas is a term coined by Philip D. Curtin to mean: “communities of merchants living among aliens in associated networks”.Gosch, Steve. "Cross Cultural Trade as a Framework for Teaching World History: Concepts and Applications." The History Teacher 27, no.

Diaspora populations are also likely funding sources for rebel groups, as was the case with the Tamil population in North America funding the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka. Diaspora populations, who are usually wealthier than their native counterparts, are able to mobilize for collective action, and do not directly suffer the consequences of a conflict. While the potential for diasporas to be financial backers of rebel groups was noted, Collier and Hoeffler found that diasporas themselves do not increase the risk of conflict. Overall, Collier and Hoeffler's study drew multiple conclusions in support of the greed model.

Diasporas are created by a forced or induced historical emigration from an original homeland. Diasporas place great importance on their homelands because of their long history and deep cultural association. The importance of a homeland, especially if it has been lost, can result in an ethnic nationalist movement within the diaspora, often resulting in the reestablishment of the homeland. But even when homelands are established, it is rare for the complete diaspora population to migrate back to the homeland, leaving a remaining diaspora community which often retains significant emotional attachment to its foreign kin and homeland.

Other qualities that may be typical of many diasporas are thoughts of return, keeping ties back home (country of origin) relationships with other communities in the diaspora, and lack of full integration into the host countries. Diasporas often maintain ties to the country of their historical affiliation and influence the policies of the country where they are located. In 2019, according to the United Nations with 17.5 million Indian diaspora is world's largest diaspora, followed by 11.8 million Mexican diaspora and 10.7 million of Chinese diaspora. With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver, Eonomic Times, 28 November 2019.

Lithuanian diasporas also held the song festivals. The first Lithuanian diaspora song festival was organized in Würzburg, Germany, on 1956. The festivals was also held by Lithuanians living abroad (especially on the United States and Canada), and was held every five years.

22 'Kale rang gulaban de', (Black roses), a novel. 23 'Jetthu', (Jetthu as a name). a novel (this novel was advertised as name Shalmai) 24 'A Collection of Diasporas Punjabi Short Stories', an edited book. And he has edited few more books.

In the media and social networks, users actively discussed the ethical side of the court case and the problem of the silence of diasporas. Nevertheless, many criticize the behavior of the sisters based on their «happy» look in the photos in social networks.

However, the largely positive public opinion towards German unification in the United States generally corresponded to the sentiments of the usually passive German-American community.Lukas Schemper, "Diasporas and American debates on German unification." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 15.1 (2017): 41-60 online.

1 Ethnic Somalis are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.8 million), and Djibouti (534,000). – Ethnologue.com Somali diasporas are also found in parts of the Middle East, North America, Western Europe, African Great Lakes region, Southern Africa and Oceania.

Israel, J. (2002). Diasporas within the Diaspora. Jews, Crypto-Jews and the World Maritime Empires (1510–1740). The first major Asiento involving Portuguese financiers was concluded in 1625 and before 1647 they provided roughly half of the Asientos made in Spain for the Netherlands.

An ethnic flag is a flag that symbolizes a certain ethnic group. Ethnic flags are often introduced to the ethnic community through the respective cultural or political ethnic movements. They are popular among diasporas, ethnic minorities, and some ethnic majorities, especially in multiethnic countries.

The paradigmatic case was, of course, the Jewish diaspora; > some dictionary definitions of diaspora, until recently, did not simply > illustrate but defined the word with reference to that case. Brubaker argues that the initial expansion of the use of the phrase extended it to other, similar cases, such as the Armenian and Greek diasporas. More recently, it has been applied to emigrant groups that continue their involvement in their homeland from overseas, such as the category of long- distance nationalists identified by Benedict Anderson. Brubaker notes that (as examples): Albanians, Basques, Hindu Indians, Irish, Japanese, Kashmiri, Koreans, Kurds, Palestinians, and Tamils have been conceptualized as diasporas in this sense.

After being recruited by the German government to fill the labor shortages in specific industries, Turkish migrants relocated to German cities such as Berlin and Frankfurt under the ‘myth of return’.Kaya, Ayhan. Constructing Diasporas: Turkish Hip Hop Youth in Berlin. New Brunswick: Transaction, 2001. 1-236.

Another popular event was a gallery show of long time support Laura Aguilar, a Chicana Lesbian photographer, called the Chicana Lesbians Series.Zepeda, Susy (2012-01-01). "Tracing Queer Latina Diasporas: Escarvando Historical Narratives Of Ancestries And Silences" (PDF). UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations: 200–202.

Nor would he suggest closing the gates to the transnational movement of people. Not all is wrong with multiculturalism, he argues. Respect for another's culture is a virtue in itself. Diasporas, in many cases, can play a positive role in interstate relations, and in mutual enrichment through cross-fertilisation.

According to Road to Africa, the artwork's place in the Fourth Industrial Revolution can be leveraged to aid ongoing brain-gain initiatives to steer NGOs, the private sector and friends of the continent which includes its diasporas into a self-reliant, yet an interdependent partner of the world economy.

In 1998, he was re-elected to the OLF Executive committee and became the group's chairman in 1999. Dawud told Les nouvelles d’Addis on 29 March 2006 that he was confident that the OLF would form the next government in Ethiopia, a speech which motivated many nationalist Oromo diasporas.

Diasporas within the Diaspora. Jews, Crypto-Jews and the World Maritime Empires (1510–1740). For Portuguese merchants, many of whom were "New Christians" or their descendants, the union of crowns presented commercial opportunities in the slave trade to Spanish America.Lockhart and Schwartz, Early Latin America, p. 225, p. 250.

Somalis are an ethnic group in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities) urban area and makes up the largest Somali diasporas in the US. As of 2018, almost 43,000 people born in Somalia are living in Minnesota, and about 94,000 Minnesotans speak Somali or a related language at home.

Siberian Ukrainians (, "Sibirskye Ukraintsy"), (,"Sybirsʹki Ukrayintsy") form a national minority in Siberia and the Russian Far East, but make up the majority in some cities there. Siberian Ukrainians, one of the largest and historically important constituent parts of the Ukrainian diaspora, represent one of the first Ukrainian diasporas.

After the October Revolution, the prince moved to Germany. From 4 April to 11 April 1926 he attended the meeting of the Russian Foreign Congress at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, which brought together representatives of Russian diasporas from 26 countries. He died in Starnberg, a shelter for millionaires.

INTERVIEW: Tajik American community and other Central Asian diasporas in the United States. Rethink: Institute Washington DC (source in Russian language, but is the only source found about Tajikistani living in USA, apart from the articles about their associations in the US). Posted in July 2015. Retrieved on April 27, 2016.

By the early 2000s Union City had become a mix of the Latin and Asian diasporas, with Dominicans cited as the fastest-growing ethnic group, and other groups including Colombians, Ecuadoreans and Salvadorans.Cave, Damien. "Union City Journal; A Park's Dominican Name, Reflecting Quirky Diversity". The New York Times, August 15, 2004.

Pnina Werbner (née Gluckman/Gillon, born 3 December 1944) is a British social anthropologist. Her work has focused on Sufi mysticism, diasporas, Muslim women and public sector unions in Botswana. She has written extensively about the Arab Spring. Werbner is married to anthropologist Richard Werbner, and is the niece of Max Gluckman.

Chimurenga is a publication of arts, culture and politics from and about Africa and its diasporas, founded and edited by Ntone Edjabe. Both the magazine's name (Chimurenga is a Shona word that loosely translates as "liberation struggle") and the content capture the connection between African cultures and politics on the continent and beyond.

Dujovne Ortiz was born in Buenos Aires. She is Jewish.2009 "Mi Condición de Sirena": The Diasporas of Gabriela Avigur-Rotem and Alicia Dujovne Ortiz Amalia Ran University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] She earned a degree in Philosophy and Letters from the University of Buenos Aires and contributed to numerous Argentine periodicals.

Asian Diasporas is an intermittently-broadcast forty-minute BBC Radio 4 documentary programme about Asian communities around the world, first transmitted in 2007 with so far three episodes. The programme has been introduced by Jatinder Verma, "himself a child of the diaspora", who was born in Dar es Salaam and grew up in Kenya and was the first Asian theatre director to direct a play at Britain's National Theatre. Asian Diasporas broadcast history to date has consisted of Family, which looked at Japanese people in Latin America and elsewhere; Business, which examined Korean family business in the US; and Politics, which focused on Chinese dissident activists in the US and in Europe. All three themes were interwoven into each episode.

The main challenges to the Crimean Tatar diaspora in the 1990s were the erosion of ethnic identity as a result of swift modernization of communities and the consequent difficulties in mobilization of resources among the apathetic diaspora members (especially in Turkey) in order to support the repatriation of co-ethnics. As in other diasporas, diaspora political activity is mostly conducted by elites and ethnic organizations. As in other diasporas, Crimean Tatars also suffered from problems stemming from the differentiation of their identities over time due to their acculturation into various host-societies. In the last decade, the various diaspora communities, as well as the homeland community, have been ardently negotiating what it means to be a "Crimean Tatar", seeking an agreement on a common sense of identity.

Cohen made a number of other contributions to the field of migration studies by giving new understandings to key contested concepts such as diaspora and borders, citizens and denizens, and collective or national identity. In Frontiers of identity, (1994) he argued that 'fuzzy' frontiers within the UK and between Britain, the Commonwealth, and the wider world create a particular ambiguous notion of 'Britishness'. His most influential work, Global diasporas, (1997, with subsequent editions and translations) continued his analysis of the relationship between identity and migration. Through the use of typologies, comparisons and suggestive lists of shared characteristics, Cohen was able to employ the ancient concept of diaspora to enrich the study of present-day transnational migrant flows.“Global Diasporas: An Introduction” by Robin Cohen.

Gayatri Gopinath is an associate professor of Social and Cultural Analysis and director of the Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality at New York University. Gopinath is perhaps best known for her book Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures, which received article-length reviews in a number of journals.

Ethnic diaspora communities are now recognized by scholars as "inevitable" and "endemic" features of the international system, writes Yossi Shain and Tamara Cofman Wittes,Shain, Yossi & Tamara Cofman Wittes. _Peace as a Three-Level Game: The Role of Diasporas in Conflict Resolution_ in Ambrosio, Thomas. 2002. "Ethnic identity groups and U.S. foreign policy." Praeger Publishers.

"Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games." International Organization. 42 (Summer 1988):427-460. The solution, Shain advocates, is simply to expand the model from a "two-level game" to a "three-level game" in which political active diasporas are recognized as distinct and equally important stakeholders in the negotiation process.

Peterson's work focused on diasporas, genocides and refugees.Robert Ayers, Art Critic, "Art Without Edges: Images of Genocide in Lower Manhattan", Art Info, June 2, 2006 . Helnwein developed unconventionally narrative work that centered on past, present and future deviations of the Holocaust. Provocative subjects include enigmatic imagery of genocides, their tragic aftermath and the ideological consequences.

On the other hand, no VVIP tour has materialized from Tunisia although leaders of both nations interact at multilateral fora. Tunisian Foreign Minister Habib Chatty represented his country at the Second OIC Summit which was organized in Lahore in February 1974. Small diasporas totalling hardly 100 individuals is a prominent aspect taken for both countries combined.

There are significant diasporas of Southern Europeans, both within other regions of Europe, and to other continents. Some of these diasporic groups included, Southern European Americans and Southern European Canadians in North America, and Southern European Australians in Oceania. Southern Europeans have left a strong legacy In Latin America, both in the cultural and genetic sense.

Taher (alternatively spelled Tahir and Tahar in French, Тагир in Russian; Persian: طاهر, , ; or ) means purity and cleanliness. Origin of this name is Persian, however it is a common name found in ancestral Jewish Sephardic and Mizrahi families. There are several Semitic variations that include connotations given in diasporas settled in the Middle East, Latin American and Africa.

Nadia is a female name, used predominantly throughout the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Caucasus, and the Arab world. It has also seen some popularity in regions of the United States and Canada where the aforementioned diasporas are common. Its origins are in the Slavic and Ancient Greek languages. Variations include: Nadja, Nadya, Nadine, Nadiya, and Nadiia.

Nadia Huggins co-founded ARC Magazine in 2011. ARC's mission is to expand creative culture, within the visual arts industry across the wider Caribbean and its diasporas. Huggins, has most recently worked on Fighting the Currents project, which focuses on bodies underwater. Nadia, uses her own body, the ocean, and marine organisms to compare the similarities within.

Catholic Christians and Protestants living in these countries sing kolyadkas on and near Christmas Eve. It is believed that everything sung about will come true. Singing Kolyadkas is a very common tradition in modern Ukraine. Additionally Kolyadkas are often sung in countries where big diasporas are present, including Ukrainians which live in Canada (1 251 170 persons).

Salvadoran model Irma Dimas was crowned Miss El Salvador in 2005. She made headlines recently for her entry into Salvadoran politics. El Salvador's population is composed of mixed races as well as people of indigenous, European, or Afro-descendant ancestry among smaller diasporas of Middle and Far Eastern groups. Eighty-six per cent of Salvadorans identify with mestizo ancestry.

Indirect mobilization was sometimes provided by promoting a stylized version of conflict and Sikh history. The rooms in some gurdwara exhibit pictures of Khalistani leaders along with paintings of martyrs from Sikh history. Gurdwaras also host speakers and musical groups that promote and encourage the movement. Among the diasporas, Khalistan issue has been a divisive issue within gurdwaras.

Victor Roudometoff acknowledges the ethnic identity of the early immigrants, pointing out that: 'In the case of the Macedonian diasporas, there are three distinct groups holding out different images of Macedonia. These are the Greek Macedonians, the Bulgarian Macedonians, and the post-1945 ethnic Macedonians. The last group is by far the most recent addition to the list.

The Jewish community did not grow quickly, as most Jewish merchants were attracted to Shanghai, especially in the period from 1910 to 1936. However, the Japanese occupation of mainland China in the late 1930s caused many Jews to leave Shanghai, Tianjin, and Harbin for Hong Kong.Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol.

Jewish messianism is closely connected with the concept of > galut.’Steven Bowman, 'Jewish Diaspora in the Greek World: The Principles of > Acculturation,' in Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard (eds.) > Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. > Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities, Springer > Science & Business Media, 2004 pp.192ff. p.

Rolande is the daughter of , a Cameroonian entrepreneur. She was born on May 31, 1982. In 2004, she graduated with a degree in mathematics, statistics and management systems from Columbia University in the United States. She wrote a thesis on the need for the creation of a media that would connect all the black diasporas of the world.

Self- identified diasporas place great importance on their homeland, because of their ethnic and cultural association with it, especially if it has been 'lost' or 'conquered'. That has led ethnic nationalist movements within several diasporas, often resulting in the establishment of a sovereign homeland. However, even when they are established, it is rare for the complete diaspora population to return to the homeland, and the remaining diaspora community typically retains significant emotional attachment to the homeland, and the co-ethnic population there. Ethnic diaspora communities are now recognized by scholars as "inevitable" and "endemic" features of the international system, writes Yossi Shain and Tamara Cofman Wittes, for the following reasons: # First, within each of a diaspora's host states, resident members can organize domestically to maximize their political clout.

Nkiru has won the Best Corporate Brand Manager Award at the 2017 Brands & Marketing Awards organised by Brand Journalists' Association of Nigeria (BJAN). In the year year, she was honoured with Leading Marketing Personality of the Year by Marketing Edge. She was recognized in 2008 and 2016 as one of the Leading Women in Marketing and Communication by Marketing World West Africa. She was one of women recognised by Nigerians in Diasporas Professional (NIPRO) as 'Top 40 Females Under 40' of 40 part of Nigerians in Diasporas Professional (NIPRO)’s 'Top 40 Females Under 40' in 2004. She is one of those featured in a report, Africa’s leading women in PR and Marketing, which mirrors top women professionals in the field of public relations and marketing in Africa.

Five hundred Christian refugees settled in Sochi. Circassians in Syria have been returning to their historic homelands in Circassia. The Chechen and Ossetian diasporas in Syria have also sought to return to their Caucasus homelands. Syrian refugees cross into Hungary underneath the Hungary–Serbia border fence, 25 August 2015 ' – Serbia welcomes refugees when in transit to western Europe to apply for refugee status.

Greenwood Publishing Group, 1 January 1995. , 9780313289729. p. 302. The director stated that Khush was written as a "dialogue" involving South Asian LGBT diasporas. E. Ann Kaplan, author of Looking for the Other: Feminism, Film and the Imperial Gaze, stated that Khush "addresses the dual formation of colonialism as patriarchical and homophobic-a homophobia that uncannily found an echo within Indian culture itself".

Lebanese people in Spain () are people from Lebanon or those of Lebanese descent, who live in the country of Spain. Most of the Lebanese people in Spain are expatriates from Lebanon but also there is a sizable group of people with Lebanese descent from Latin American countries with sizable Lebanese diasporas like Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile, Paraguay and Brazil.

Repatriation laws give non-citizen foreigners who are part of the titular majority group the opportunity to immigrate and receive citizenship. Repatriation of their titular diaspora is practiced by most ethnic nation states. Repatriation laws have been created in many countries to enable diasporas to immigrate ("return") to their "kin-state". This is sometimes known as the exercise of the right of return.

Hazaz’s works often include philosophical discussions articulated in highly structured scenes and through carefully controlled characterization. In his fiction he portrays Jewish life in various diasporas, from Russia to Yemen and from France to Turkey. A major role is likewise allocated to the Land of Israel, and to Jerusalem in particular. The historical depth of Jewish history finds expression throughout his work.

Charles Williams was famous for his use of African diasporas in his modern dance choreography. His innovative style came from his ability to fuse cultural and spiritual themes with modern elements. The Dance Group also used Haitian and African religious dance forms, as well as Negro spirituals. Apart from African dances, Williams also chose to infuse his works with black American material.

What? Where? When? tournament In addition to the original TV version, which to this date is one of the most popular TV programs in Russia, a competitive variant exists that is played by over 39,000 teams in all countries of the former USSR and in Russian-speaking diasporas around the world, most notably in Israel, Germany, Finland, United Kingdom, United States and Canada.

Rather these dialects have been maintained or are facing critical endangerment within respective Judeo-Iraqi diasporas, namely those of Israel and the United States. In 2014, the film Farewell Baghdad (Arabic: مطير الحمام; Hebrew: מפריח היונים, lit. "The Dove Flyer"), which is performed mostly in Jewish Baghdadi Arabic dialect, became the first film to be almost completely performed in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.

The First organized Belarusian diaspora in Argentina appeared in the 1st half of the 20th century. The Belarusian diasporas count between 10 and 20 thousand people. Almost all Belarusian immigrants of that time came to Argentina from Poland-occupied West Belarus. Unlike in other western countries, Belarusian organizations in Argentina were pro-Soviet and fell under influence of the Soviet embassy.

In 1812, when Napoleon I invaded Russia, the Romani diasporas of Moscow and Saint Petersburg gave large sums of money and good horses for the Russian army. Many young Romani men took part in the war as uhlans. At the end of the 19th century, Rusko Rom Nikolai Shishkin created a Romani theatre troupe. One of its plays was in the Romani language.

In the west and north, many cities had sizable German minorities, often belonging to Lutheran or Reformed churches. The Commonwealth had also one of the largest Jewish diasporas in the world – by the mid-16th century 80% of the world's Jews lived in Poland (Pic. 16). Until the Reformation, the szlachta were mostly Catholic or Eastern Orthodox (Pic. 3, 13).

Global Balkans is an organizing network for activists working and researching in "solidarity" with Balkan social movements. Their aim is to "investigate, publicize and impact political, social and economic struggles" in the Balkan region. Its membership includes individuals of the various Balkan diasporas and those who sympathize or empathize with their cause. The network was founded by, amongst others, Andrej Grubačić.

Tatar Canadians are Canadian citizens of Tatar descent residing in Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 2,850 Canadians who claimed Tatar ancestry. Most of them (1,245−2,000) live in Toronto, Ontario. Every year, a group of Tatar activists organizes Sabantuy festival in Montreal, which brings together Tatars and members of other Turkic diasporas from all over the country.

Irish expatriates also work as medical volunteers or have occupied key positions representing international organisations such as the United Nations. Notable Irish-Pakistanis include Sister John Berchmans Conway who became a teacher, and Jennifer Musa who married into the Qazi family and entered politics – earning the title "Queen of Balochistan." Among other Western European diasporas include a small French community as well.

Today, large ethnic Ukrainian minorities reside in Russia, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Italy and Argentina."History and ethnic relations in Ukraine", Every Culture According to some sources, around 20 million people outside Ukraine identify as having Ukrainian ethnicity, however the official data of the respective countries calculated together doesn't show more than 10 million. Ukrainians have one of the largest diasporas in the world.

Since then, his work has examined issues surrounding ethnic and religious minorities, international migration, multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, diasporas, transnationalism, diversity and super-diversity. He has mainly conducted research in Britain and Germany. He has been awarded a scholarship from Nuffield College, Oxford and fellowships from the University of California, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, British Economic and Social Research Council and the Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute for Advanced Study), Berlin.

The mainly masculine given name Rory - a name of Goidelic origin, which is an anglicisation of the /Ruaidhrí/Ruaidhrígh/Raidhrígh, and Manx: Rauree which is common to the Irish, Highland Scots and their diasporas for the given name "Rory". \- means "red-haired king", from ruadh ("red-haired" or "rusty") and rígh ("king"). However, present bearers of the name are by no means all red- haired themeselves.

The CPA is an independent structure that does not appear in the organization chart of the Elysee. Members do not receive compensation. The CPA will meet in the presence of the French president on a quarterly basis. The CPA will also be called upon to meet and hear from various stakeholders (experts, committed citizens, members of diasporas) to help it formulate concrete proposals for the French President.

In 1995, it was estimated that there were 50,000 people of Cape Verdean descent or national origin in Portugal. 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates By 2000, this estimation rose to 83,000 people, of which 90% resided in Greater Lisbon."Marc-Montclos, Antoine Pérouse de. " The Political Value of Remittances: Cape Verde, Comores, and Lesotho - Diasporas, Remittances and Africa South of the Sahara - A Strategic Assessment.

2006 Migration and its enemies: global capital, migrant labour and the nation state, Aldershot: Ashgate. 2000 Global sociology (with Paul Kennedy), Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: New York University Press. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Reprinted 2001, 2002, 2004. Japanese translations 2003. Second expanded and revised edition March 2007. NYUP, September 2007. Revised edition 2013. 1997 Global diasporas: an introduction, London: UCL Press & Seattle: University of Washington Press. Reprinted 1999, 2000.

In this Charming Hostess CD Jewlia Eisenberg continues her tradition of arranging music and text from the Jewish, African, and Bosnian Diasporas. This time setting the text of Mehmedinović, Charming Hostess sings of genocide and nationalism, freedom under siege, the nature of evil, and resisting war by any means necessary. The work explores Mr. Mehmedinović's text through a lens that includes Jewish, Balkan and Sufi musical influences.

The Serbian community is one of the fastest- growing diasporas in Malta. Their number has steadily grown throughout the 2010s, and in 2017 - with 2,757 workers - Serbians were the second biggest foreign community on the islands after the Filipinos and just ahead of Libyans. Though the actual number is probably bigger. Serbian citizens in Malta work in the tourist industry and often follow a seasonal migration pattern.

Hiplife signifies tradition, cultural belonging, and pride. It inspires diasporas Ghanaians, for example those that attend Hiplife festivals in New York, to learn their own language and culture. Ghana@50 specifically celebrates Ghana's 50 years of independence. Reggie Rockstone, formerly mentioned as the founder of this Hiplife genre, was intended to perform at this festival, serving as a symbol of Ghanaian culture and popular authentic music.

The main language spoken at home by Venezuela-born people is Spanish in a 77.7% followed by English with 13.8%. With a difference to others Latin American Australian diasporas that speaks mainly Romance languages and English languages, an important percent of Venezuelan-born people main language spoken at home is Arabic in 2.6%. The remaining 6% speak others language at home (2% of them speak Italian).

There were 2,500 Jews living in Hong Kong (two thirds of them Americans and Israelis) according to the statistics of the Israeli embassy as of February 1998, up from 1000 around the 1980s.M.Ejlenberg It is estimated that about 5,000 Jews lived in Hong Kong in 2000,Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol. I, Jewish Diaspora in China by Xu Xin, p.

Sasha Huber (born 1975) is a contemporary artist living and working in Helsinki, Finland. Her work deals with colonial and post colonial relationships negotiated by African and Caribbean diasporas. She uses photography, moving image, site specific performance, landscape, research, and collaboration to explore individual and collective performances of colonial- era pseudo science, racial categorization, migration within the transatlantic slave trade, memorialization, and transnational capitalism.

Less than a year later, he chose to move to China, where he entered the world of Shanghai's academia and, together with other Jewish musicians, who had fled the Russian pogroms and revolution, trained a number of young Chinese musicians in classical music, who in turn became leading musicians in contemporary China.Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol. I, Jewish Diaspora in China by Xu Xin, pp.

The study found that the presence of a diaspora substantially reduced the positive effect of time, as the funding from diasporas offsets the depreciation of rebellion-specific capital. Evolutionary psychologist Satoshi Kanazawa has argued that an important cause of intergroup conflict may be the relative availability of women of reproductive age. He found that polygyny greatly increased the frequency of civil wars but not interstate wars. Gleditsch et al.

However, the largely positive public opinion towards German unification in the United States generally corresponded to the sentiments of the usually passive German-American community.Lukas Schemper, "Diasporas and American debates on German unification." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 15.1 (2017): 41-60 online. Kohl took the lead in on 28 November 1989 with a 10-point list of demands that had the effect of forcing the quick reunification of Germany.

Migration diplomacy refers to the use of human migration in a state's foreign policy. American political scientist Myron Weiner argued that international migration is intricately linked to states' international relations. More recently, Kelly Greenhill has identified how states may employ 'weapons of mass migration' against target states in their foreign relations. Migration diplomacy may involve the use of refugees, labor migrants, or diasporas in states' pursuit of international diplomacy goals.

The city of Toledo, Spain where the Toledano family name originated. Toledano (, ) is a family name derived from the city of Toledo, Spain. Bearers of the name can be found mainly in Spanish-speaking countries, the United States, France, Canada, Israel, and Australia. Among Mizrahi Jews, and in particular Sephardi Jews in their various diasporas, the Toledano surname is still prevalent, indicating an ancestry traced back to Toledo, Spain.

Since 2014, the Caribbean Digital has hosted conferences and symposia related to the practice and history of the digital in relation to changing social and geo-political contours in the Caribbean and its diasporas. The conference is convened and organized by Kaiama Glover, Alex Gil (scholar), and Kelly Baker Josephs."Thinking in and through the digital turn in Caribbean studies: The Caribbean Digital III", sx live, 21 December 2016.

Iniva operated as an arts publishing house, often working in collaboration with larger publishers and producing books by writers such as the cultural theorist Kobena Mercer,Kobena Mercer (ed.), Exiles, Diasporas, Strangers, MIT and Iniva, 2007. curator and educator Sarat Maharaj, artist Sonia BoyceSonia Boyce & David Bailey (eds), Shades of Black, Duke University Press and Iniva, 2005. the art historian Guy Brett, and the art critic Jean Fisher.

In all, some 2,100 soldiers of the Blue Army who enlisted in France from the Polish diasporas died in the fighting, including over 50 officers serving with Haller. Over 1,600 men were wounded. Haller's army included 25,000 ethnic Poles drafted against their will by the German and Austrian armies, out of 50,000 conscripts from across partitioned Poland. They joined Haller from the POW camps in Italy in 1919.

Many Iranians fled the 1979 Iranian Revolution which culminated in the fall of the USA/British-ensconced Shah. In Africa, a new series of diasporas formed following the end of colonial rule. In some cases, as countries became independent, numerous minority descendants of Europeans emigrated; others stayed in the lands which had been family homes for generations. Uganda expelled 80,000 South Asians in 1972 and took over their businesses and properties.

Italians in Germany consist of ethnic Italian migrants to Germany and their descendants, both those originating from Italy as well as from among the communities of Italians in Switzerland. Most Italians moved to Germany for reasons of work, others for personal relations, study, or political reasons. Today, Italians in Germany form one of the largest Italian diasporas in the world and account for one of the largest immigrant groups in Germany.

Geographical distribution of the four Eastern Romance languages in the early-20th-century Romanian is a Romance language with about 25 million native speakers. It is the official language of Romania and Moldova and has a co-official status in Vojvodina (in Serbia). Ethnic Romanians also live in Ukraine and Hungary. Significant Romanian diasporas developed in other European countries (especially in Italy and Spain) and in North America, Australia and Israel.

Los Angeles has one of the largest Armenian diasporas in the world & one of the largest ethnic groups in Los Angeles. It is estimated that 500,000 - 1,500,000 Armenians (Including Armenian refugees from Syria, Iran, Lebanon, etc.) live in Los Angeles, mainly in Hollywood, Glendale, Van Nuys, Burbank, Montrose, Montebello & Pasadena. The first Armenian settlement back to 1900s is believed to be Little Armenia, which is located in Hollywood.

Other contributions include chapter articles in Catherine Simpson, Renata Murawska and Anthony Lambert's Diasporas of Australian Cinema (2009) published by Intellect;Intellect James Elkins' What Do Artists Know? (2012) published by Penn State University Press;Penn State University Press Sean Cubitt and Paul Thomas' collection Relive: Media Art Histories (2013) published by The MIT Press;The MIT Press and the foreword to Video Void (2014), published by Australian Scholarly Publishing.

He is also the author of The Frontier of Loyalty: Political Exiles in the Age of the Nation-State (first edition 1989; new edition University of Michigan Press, 2005); Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions (with Juan J. Linz) (Cambridge University Press 1995); Marketing the American Creed Abroad: Diasporas in the U.S. and Their Homelands (Cambridge University Press 1999), the book was awarded the 2000 Best Book of the Year Prize by the Israeli Political Science Association; and Kinship and Diasporas in International Affairs (University of Michigan Press 2007). He also edited Governments-in-Exile in Contemporary World Politics (Routledge, 1991), and co-edited Democracy: The Challenges Ahead (with Aharon Kleiman, St. Martin’s, 1997) and Power and the Past: Collective Memory in International Affairs (with Eric Langenbacher, Georgetown University Press, 2010). Shain is now working on a book manuscript (with Sarah Fainberg) entitled, The Israelization of Judaism to be accompanied by a documentary.

For example, science diasporas are communities of scientists who conduct their research away from their homeland. In an article published in 1996, Khachig Tölölyan argues that the media have used the term corporate diaspora in a rather arbitrary and inaccurate fashion, for example as applied to “mid-level, mid-career executives who have been forced to find new places at a time of corporate upheaval” (10) The use of corporate diaspora reflects the increasing popularity of the diaspora notion to describe a wide range of phenomena related to contemporary migration, displacement and transnational mobility. While corporate diaspora seems to avoid or contradict connotations of violence, coercion, and unnatural uprooting historically associated with the notion of diaspora, its scholarly use may heuristically describe the ways in which corporations function alongside diasporas. In this way, corporate diaspora might foreground the racial histories of diasporic formations without losing sight of the cultural logic of late capitalism in which corporations orchestrate the transnational circulation of people, images, ideologies and capital.

Christopher C. Fennell (born c. 1964) is an American anthropologist and lawyer, an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.Jill Dennis, "Buried Treasure: UI dig uncovers Illinois town that welcomed blacks and whites", Illinois, Vol. 21 (2), September/October 2008, accessed 1 June 2009 His first book Crossroads and Cosmologies: Diasporas and Ethnogenesis in the New World (2008) received the John L. Cotter Award from the Society for Historical Archaeology.

Moreover, Costa Rica took in many refugees from a range of other Latin American countries fleeing civil wars and dictatorships during the 1970s and 80s – notably from El Salvador, Chile, Cuba and recently from Venezuela. Currently immigrants represent 13% of the Costa Rican population, the largest in Central America and the Caribbean. By 2019 the largest Immigrant Diasporas in Costa Rica are people from: Nicaragua, Colombia, Honduras, El Salvador and United States.

Hunting with eagles is a traditional form of falconry found throughout the Eurasian Steppe, practiced by ancient Mongolic and Turkic peoples. Today it is practiced by Kazakhs and the Kyrgyz in contemporary Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as diasporas in Bayan-Ölgii Provinces Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia, and Xinjiang, China. Though these people are most famous for hunting with golden eagles, they have been known to train northern goshawks, peregrine falcons, saker falcons, and more.

Cultural historian Alan M. Wald author of American Night: The Literary Left in the Era of the Cold War describes the book as, "An artist of distinction, H.T. Tsiang created a genre unto itself in 1935 with The Hanging on Union Square. Its republication after seventy-five years rescues - from an outlaw existence - a strangely and beautifully evocative satiric allegory". Kaya Press, established in 1994, is a publisher of Asian Pacific Diasporas.

This event attracts many participants, both young and old, from all parts of Idel- Ural and is accompanied by a funeral march and Tatar rock music concerts. In some regions of Russia, local chapters of the Tatar Public Center collaborate with local officials and concentrate mostly on cultural activities within local Tatar diasporas. However, in Bashkortostan the ATPC played an important political role as an opposition force against the regime of president Murtaza Rakhimov.

A result of Syrian Civil War is on the refugees who seek asylum in Syria from neighboring conflicts: Refugees of Iraq (1,300,000), Palestinian refugees (543,400), and Somalia (5,200). April 2012, within Syria, there were 100,000 refugees from Iraq, 70,000 more already returned to Iraq. Circassians in Syria have been returning to their historic homelands in Circassia. The Chechen and Ossetian diasporas in Syria have also sought to return to their Caucasus homelands.

Chebureki is a deep-fried turnover with a filling of ground or minced meat and onions. It is made with a single round piece of dough folded over the filling in a crescent shape. Chebureki is a national dish of Crimean Tatar cuisine. They are popular as snack and street food throughout the Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, as well as with the Crimean Tatar diasporas in Turkey and Romania.

Chia Youyee Vang is a Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee. Her research and writing deals with the Hmong diaspora, other Southeast Asian diasporas and refugees and on community-building efforts among Hmong people in the United states. Vang is the author of the books Hmong in Minnesota and Hmong America : reconstructing community in diaspora. She is also the co-editor of Claiming Place: On the Agency of Hmong Women.

Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol. I, Jewish Diaspora in China by Xu Xin, p.153, Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (Eds.), Springer 2004 Ibn Zeyd al Hassan of Siraf, a 9th-century Arabian traveler, reports that in 878 followers of the Chinese rebel leader Huang Chao besieged Canton (Guangzhou) and killed a large number of foreign merchants, Arabs, Persians, Christians, and Jews, resident there.

Marie Gillespie & Alban Webb (2013). Diasporas and Diplomacy: Cosmopolitan contact zones at the BBC World Service 1932–2012, pp. 129–32. Routledge Link " 'when it came to reporting adversely on Mossadeq, for two weeks all Iranian broadcasters disappeared. The BBC had no choice but to bring in English people who spoke Persian because the Iranians had gone on strike' " The documentary Cinematograph aired on 18 August 2011 on the anniversary of the coup.

Diaspora politics in the United States is the study of the political behavior of transnational ethnic diasporas, their relationship with their ethnic homelands and their host states, as well as their prominent role in ethnic conflicts. This article describes case studies and theories of political scientists studying diaspora politics within the specific context of the United States. The general study of diaspora politics is part of the broader field of diaspora studies.

He performed a difficult classical piece, the Second Brandenburg Concerto by Johann Sebastian Bach. Maurice André advised him to give up science and pursue music instead. He took Andre's advice and spent five years at the Conservatoire de Paris. He recorded with Matthieu Chedid, Vincent Delerm, and Arthur H. He became a teacher at CNR d'Aubervilliers-La Courneuve and gave master classes in the U.S. His first solo album was Diasporas (2007) on his label.

The Secretariat brings together Economy Ministers, Education Ministers, Transport Ministers, Heads of Customs Administrations, and other senior officials from different ministries and agencies in order to work on ways to promote cooperation in relevant spheres. Prior to being brought before ministers and heads of administrations, projects and issues of cooperation are elaborated by working groups. One recently launched project is the establishment of a mechanism for closer cooperation among Turkic diasporas all over the world.

His essay "Queer Diasporas, Boricua Lives: A Meditation on Sexile" also discusses some of these early experiences. La Fountain-Stokes received all of his primary and secondary education at the Academia del Perpetuo Socorro, an elite bilingual school run by the School Sisters of Notre Dame. He graduated from high school in 1986. He then studied at Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Hispanic Studies in 1991.

Contrary to general assumption, even in the highly segmented world of the Early Modern Period, trading Diasporas did not simply act as middlemen within dominant societies, but also developed durable commercial ties with other merchant groups outside any institutional structure.Trivellato, Francesca. 2002. “Jews of Leghorn, Italians of Lisbon, and Hindus of Goa. Merchant Networks and Cross-Cultural Trade in the Early Modern Period.” In Commercial Networks in the Early Modern World. Eds.

In the United States, there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry. It has been estimated that there are as many as four million Indonesians with at least partial Arab ancestry.The world's successful diasporas, World Business They are generally well-integrated socially with Indonesian society, and identify predominantly as Indonesians, with an Arab heritage. In the 2005 census, approximately 87,000 people, amounting to 0.04% of the population, identified themselves as being of Arab ethnicity.

62 however, the work attributed to him – the Daodejing – is dated to the late 4th century BC.Kirkland 2004, p. 61 Taoist propriety and ethics vary according to the particular school, but in general tends to emphasize wu-wei (action through non-action), "naturalness", simplicity, spontaneity, and the Three Treasures: compassion, moderation, and humility. Significant Taoist communities can be found in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam and in the Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese diasporas.

Bihu (Assamese: বিহু) denotes a set of three different cultural festivals of Assam and is celebrated by the Assamese diasporas around the world. Though they owe their origins to ancient rites and practices, they have taken definite urban features and have become popular festivals in urban and commercialized milieus in the recent decades. One includes the Assamese New Year celebrated in April. Bihu is also used to imply Bihu dance and Bihu folk songs.

Nomad Radio, owned by Nomad Media Training Ltd was set up and broadcast the first show in December 2008. The first show aired was the Hip Hop Show by DJ Fizz. Since then, Nomad has had over 40 presenters and almost 36,000 listeners. The target audience for Nomad Radio is the Somali Diasporas between the ages of 16-24 and 25-40, with a number of different shows catering to both age groups.

The cèilidh has been internationalised by the Scottish and Irish diasporas in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, where local cèilidhs and traditional music competitions are held. In recent years, cèilidh and traditional music competitions have been frequently won by descendants of emigrants. It bears mention that cèilidhs are common throughout Nova Scotia. The tradition and the spirit of these gatherings are carried on in most small communities of these maritime provinces.

There are many Hmong Diasporas around the world. They are widespread and living in many places such as Southeast Asia, China, the United States, France, and even Australia. The Hmong people, having fled Laos after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, immigrated to these places in hopes of a fresh start. However, this mass exodus was not a smooth transition due to the very different lifestyle the Hmong people were accustomed to.

In Greece, pontic lyra has been played in areas populated by Pontian refugees since the beginning of the 20th century. It is also played by Greek communities around the Black Sea, such as those in Mariupol. The instrument is also popular among the Hemshin peoples, who originate from the eastern Pontus. Due to the size and spread of the Pontic Greek, Hemshin and Turkish diasporas, the instrument is now widely played in urban centers throughout the world.

Ihab Shalback, 'Edward Said and the Palestinian Experience,' in Joseph Pugliese (ed.) Transmediterranean: Diasporas, Histories, Geopolitical Spaces, Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 71–83 In 1919, in partnership with a cousin, Wadie Said established a stationery business in Cairo. Like her husband, Hilda Said was an Arab Christian, and the Said family practiced Protestant Christianity.Edward Said: 'Out of Place' 14 November 2018, Aljazeera.com. Accessed 7 February 2019Edward Wadie Said a political activist literary critic 27 September 2003, The Independent.

The earliest traces of Armenians in what was later Moldavia are dated by 967 (recorded presence in Cetatea Albă). Early Armenian Diasporas stemmed in the fall of the Bagratuni rule and other disasters, including the Mongol invasion. In 1572–1574, Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit was Hospodar (Prince) of Moldavia, grandson of Stephen the Great, son of Bogdan III and his Armenian concubine Serpega. Armenian expatriates were awarded tax exemptions at different times in the Danubian Principalities' history.

Melas are south Asian events which have spread around the world from the south Asian subcontinent. Mela means 'gathering' and can describe festival, market, trade event, religious gathering and more. Melas are celebrated with music, dance, theatre, fashion, food and stalls, these are days for the whole family, to join in and embrace south Asian culture. Melas are distinguished by their bringing together of south Asian cultures and those of other countries when promoted by south Asian Diasporas abroad.

Collier & Sambanis, Vol 1, p. 16 A second source of finance is national diasporas, which can fund rebellions and insurgencies from abroad. The study found that statistically switching the size of a country's diaspora from the smallest found in the study to the largest resulted in a sixfold increase in the chance of a civil war. Higher male secondary school enrollment, per capita income and economic growth rate all had significant effects on reducing the chance of civil war.

In the beginning, a descendant of Imam Ahmad Muhajir who became scholar in Islamic studies was called Imam, then Sheikh, but later called Habib. It was only since 1700 AD they began to migrate in large numbers out of Hadhramaut across all over the globe, often to practice da'wah (Islamic missionary work). Their travels had also brought them to the Southeast Asia. These hadhrami immigrants blended with their local societies unusual in the history of diasporas.

The Baháʼí Faith in Ukraine began during the policy of oppression of religion in the former Soviet Union. Before that time, Ukraine, as part of Russia, would have had indirect contact with the Baháʼí Faith as far back as 1847. Following the Ukrainian diasporas, succeeding generations of ethnic Ukrainians became Baháʼís and some have interacted with Ukraine previous to development of the religion in the country. There are currently around 1,000 Baháʼís in Ukraine in 13 communities.

A similar schedule is applied for Akatuy in Chuvashia and Habantuy in Bashkortostan. In the last few years the Russian government arranged federal Sabantuylar in Moscow. Many cities in Europe and Asia that have major Tatar diasporas, such as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Tallinn, Prague, Istanbul, Kiev and Tashkent, also hold Sabantuylar. Today Sabantuy can be characterized as an international festival attracting many people of various ethnicities who participate in Sabanuylar, both in Tatarstan, and all over the world.

The city of Harbin was home to thousands of Jews. The number of Jewish diasporas living in Harbin was over 20,000 in the 1920s, making Harbin the largest gregarious center for Jews in the Far East. On 15 January 1909, the hall opened as Harbin General Synagogue (), the main Jewish religious site for the city. The former Jewish middle school was adjacent to the synagogue, whose site is still well preserved and was transferred into a music school.

2005 In general, among ethnic Caucasus diasporas in Moscow, Azeris stand out as the least integrated into Russian society. They have been described as the strongest adherents to their traditions and marriages within their own ethnic community compared to local Armenians, Georgians, Ukrainians, and Tatars. According to a 2006 survey, 71% of Moscow Azeris described themselves as being religious. A great number of them have retained Azerbaijani citizenship and is willing to relocate back to Azerbaijan at some point.

Ever since its birth in the late 1950s, ska has been a genre marked by physical and cultural diasporas and an openness to borrowing from outside its origins.Barton, Paul Alfred, Americans and Their Idols: The Return of Soul, Style, Country, Pop, Poetry. Infinity Publishing, 2006, p. 1. The history of ska and jazz combined travels across national borders and integrates with other musical styles, making it one of the most hybrid, transnational forms of postwar popular music.

Outside of Ukraine and the former USSR, monuments to Shevchenko have been put up in many countries, usually under the initiative of local Ukrainian diasporas. There are several memorial societies and monuments to him throughout Canada and the United States. The most notable American monument is the large bronze and granite monument in Washington, D.C., near Dupont Circle designed by artist Leo Mol. The carving of the granite stonework was by Vincent Illuzzi of Barre, Vermont.

Exiled in Argentina again, Ambrose Martin returned to Suipacha where he opened a business called the "Basque-Irish Café" catering to the local Basque and Irish diasporas. In 1932, Éamon de Valera's Fianna Fáil party won the Irish election. With many old anti-Treatyites rehabilitated, Martin made his way back to Ireland after approximately eight years in exile. He again stopped first in the Basque Country where he gave another series of lectures which were received with much enthusiasm.

Meriem Fekkai () (1889 - July 18, 1961) sometimes spelled Fekai, was an Algerian singer. Fekkai came from a Jewish familyMaxim Silverman, Palimpsestic Memory : The Holocaust and Colonialism in French and Francophone Fiction and Film, New York: Berghahn Books, 2013, VIII-206 p. , p. 83. born and raised in Biskra,Tony Langlois, "Jewish Musicians in the Musique Orientale of Oran, Algeria", in Davis Ruth Frances (ed.), Musical Exodus : Al-Andalus and its Jewish Diasporas, Lanham (Maryland): Rowman & Littlefield, 2015, , p.161.

In the cultural field, some regions may seek to promote themselves internationally as an autonomous cultural entity. This is the case of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia and the Basque Country. Some regions may seek to cooperate with their diasporas worldwide and try to gain the support of their nationals abroad in attaining their diplomatic goals. As to the political aspects, local governments may join efforts internationally to pressure their central governments into a desired course of action.

A large and growing number of Arab film festivals take place outside of the Arab world. These festivals play a key role in increasing access to and interest in Arab cinema outside of the Arab world. They are also important for Arab diasporas eager to stay in touch with the cultural scene of their homelands. Established in California in 1996, the Arab Film Festival is the largest independent annual exhibition of Arab films in the United States.

The Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet is used in Kazakhstan and the Bayan-Ölgiy Province in Mongolia. It is also used by Kazakh populations in Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, as well as diasporas in other countries of the former USSR. It was introduced during the Russian Empire period in the 1800s, and then adapted by the Soviet Union in 1940. In the nineteenth century, Ibrahim Altynsarin, a prominent Kazakh educator, first introduced a Cyrillic alphabet for transcribing Kazakh.

The initial census of Filipinos is based on tribute collections from Luzon all the way to Mindanao, conducted by the Spanish in 1591 (26 years after Legazpi established the Spanish colonial administration); it found nearly 630,000 native individuals.Carol R. Ember; Melvin Ember; Ian A. Skoggard, eds. (2005). History. Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World, Volume 1. Springer. Prior to Legazpi, the islands had been visited by Magellan's 1521 expedition, and the 1543 expedition of Villalobos.

The Baháʼí Faith in Ukraine began during the policy of oppression of religion in the former Soviet Union. Before that time, Ukraine, as part of the Russian Empire, would have had indirect contact with the Baháʼí Faith as far back as 1847. Following the Ukrainian diasporas, succeeding generations of ethnic Ukrainians became Baháʼís and some have interacted with Ukraine previous to development of the religion in the country. There are currently around 1000 Baháʼís in Ukraine, in 13 communities.

Alexandria was by far the most important of the Egyptian Jewish communities. The Jews in the Egyptian diaspora were on a par with their Ptolemaic counterparts and close ties existed for them with Jerusalem. As in other Hellenistic diasporas, the Egyptian diaspora was one of choice not of imposition. To judge by the later accounts of wholesale massacres in 115 CE, the number of Jewish residents in Cyrenaica, Cyprus, and Mesopotamia must also have been large.

Economic transnational activities such as business investments in home countries and monetary remittances are both pervasive and well documented. The Inter- American Development Bank (IDB) estimates that in 2006 immigrants living in developed countries sent home the equivalent of $300 billion in remittances, an amount more than double the level of international aid. This intense influx of resources may mean that for some nations development prospects become inextricably linked—if not dependent upon—the economic activities of their respective diasporas.

He settled in Belgrade, which was then home to one of the world's largest Bosnian Muslim diasporas, second only to Constantinople. In 1899, the writer Janko Veselinović's publication Zvezda printed a Serbian patriotic poem that Karabegović had written. In 1900, Karabegović and fellow Muslim Serbophiles Osman Đikić and Omer-beg Sulejmanpašić printed a book of Serbian patriotic poetry. Later that year, after crossing the Austro-Hungarian border to visit Zemun, Karabegović was arrested by the Austro-Hungarian authorities for draft evasion.

Minoo Moallem is Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of California at Berkeley. She was Chair of Gender and Women’s Studies Department at Berkeley from 2008-2010. Her academic specialties are transnational and postcolonial feminist studies, religious nationalism and transnationalism, consumer culture, immigration and diaspora studies, Middle Eastern Studies and Iranian films, cultural politics and diasporas. She is best known for her work on Islamic nationalism and fundamentalism as byproducts of colonial modernity and modernization of patriarchies.

Iraqis form one of the largest diasporas in the world. The Iraqi diaspora is not a sudden exodus but one that has grown rapidly through the 20th century as each generation faced some form of radical transition or political conflict. From 1950 to 1952 Iraq saw a great exodus of roughly 120,000 - 130,000 of its Jewish population under the Israel-led "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah". There were at least two large waves of expatriation of both Christians and Muslims alike.

AFFORD is a pioneering diaspora organisation that focused on enhancing the formal and informal role of diasporas in the development of countries of origin or heritage. It has devised and delivered innovative job creation schemes in Africa. Since 2000, Gibril has been applying the lessons of social enterprise, ethical finance and urban regeneration in the UK, to international development challenges. Between 2000 and 2005, Gibril was an associate lecturer with The Open University, teaching on the MSc course in Global Development Management.

Kossi exhibited at the Magiciens de la terre exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris in 1989 and in 1991 his work was shown at an exhibition in Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. In 2008 his work appeared at the Mami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas showcasing at the Fowler Museum of UCLA in Los Angeles. Today, his work is represented in The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC).

One Day Private Shanghai Jewish Culture Tour Rabbi Shalom Greenberg from Chabad- Lubavitch in New York City arrived in Shanghai to serve this community in August 1998. Rabbi Arthur Schneier, president of the Appeal of Conscience Foundation of New York, donated a Torah to the community that same year. On the first day of Rosh Hashanah, in September 1999, a Jewish New Year service was held at the Ohel Rachel Synagogue for the first time since 1952.Encyclopedia of Diasporas.

The game originated in Greece and is known in different variations such as diloti and kseri. The game has been exported by both the Cypriot and Turkish diasporas, and it is played in Cypriot communities in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States, usually passed on by the first generation of immigrants to their children and grandchildren. Despite this, the game is virtually unknown in these countries outside of the Cypriot and Greek communities. In Turkey, the game is still very popular.

Enwezor's Biennale also influenced the artist selection, as both Akomfrah and Mahama had big installations there and Anatsui had won its lifetime achievement prize. The pavilion is dedicated to Enwezor, who died before the pavilion opened. Oforiatta Ayim saw the pavilion and its focus on Ghanaian culture and diasporas as being part of an international conversation about connections between a diasporic people and their culture, especially the repatriation of culture. Simultaneous with the pavilion, workshops and pop-up exhibitions are planned in Ghana.

The biggest and best organized Belarusian diasporas live across Russia, Ukraine, Poland, the USA, Canada, the UK, the Baltic states (i.e., Estonia and Latvia), Central Asia (primarily the Soviet-era Farming settlement program in Kazakhstan) and the TransCaucasus nations (i.e., Armenia and Georgia). There are small Belarusian communities in Scandinavia, Germany, Netherlands, France, Spain, Portugal and Ireland as a result of European Union and Council of Europe contract labor agreements to recruit Belarusian and Ukrainian workers in the late 2000s.

To the southeast, Hindko is in a dialect continuum with Pahari–Pothwari, with the Galyat region of Abbottabad district and the area of Muzaffarabad in Azad Kashmir approximately falling on the boundary between the two. There are Hindko diasporas in major urban centres like Karachi,See for a study of a community of Hazara Hindko speakers in Karachi. as well as in some neighbouring countries. Some Hindu Hindkowans and Sikh Hindowans migrated to India after the partition of India in 1947.

Diasporas and Diplomacy: Cosmopolitan contact zones at the BBC World Service 1932-2012, p 129-132. Routledge Link " 'when it came to reporting adversely on Mossadeq, for two weeks all Iranian broadcasters disappeared. The BBC had no choice but to bring in English people who spoke Persian because the Iranians had gone on strike' " The BBC was at times even used directly in the operations, sending coded messages to the coup plotters by changing the wording of its broadcasts.Kinzer, Stephen.

Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area constitute one of the fastest growing ethnicities in the United States, and one of the largest Filipino diasporas in the Western Hemisphere, attracted to the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area's massive population and its attendant economic opportunities and cultural offerings. By 2014 Census estimates, the New York City-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area was home to 262,375 Filipino Americans, 221,612 (84.5%) of them uniracial Filipinos.

The American anthropologist Loring Danforth, who became famous for his work on the identity conflict between the Greek and Macedonian diasporas in Australia, also confirms the observations of Roudometof. Chris Kostov, Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Peter Lang, 2010, , p. 117.Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians? C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, , p. 120.The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins, James Jupp, Cambridge University Press, 2001, , p. 573.

The Ensemble's mission also includes the rearrangement of folk songs and chants into modern formats to bestow contemporary relevance on them without sacrificing their authenticity and historical value. The Ensemble displayed its artistic wares in many festivals held in countries across Europe and Asia, and made several tours in countries where Circassian diasporas are concentrated. The Ensemble boasts of a number of world-class singers, including Susanna X'wak'we, Shemsudin Qwmiqw, and Rim Schawe. The choreography of the Ensemble is designed by Viktoria Yedij.

Burford was born in Jamaica on 9 December 1944 and was raised there by her grandmother until the age of seven. In 1955 Burford moved to London with her family, where she attended Dalston County Grammar School, which later became Kingsland Secondary School. The school is now known as Petchey Academy and specialises in health, care and medical science. Burford described herself as a "descendent of three different diasporas: African, Jewish and Scots", as well as claiming her lesbian identity.

At the 2011 Inside Out LGBT film festival QuAIA jointly sponsored a program consisting of film shorts produced by artists in Lebanon, Palestine and their diasporas. The program was titled "With Love from Le(z)Banon and Pa(lez)tine" and was followed by a talk by Professor Samar Habib on queer representation in Egyptian cinema. QuAIA co- sponsored the program with Queer Ontario. "Program Details: With Love from Le(z)Banon and Pa(lez)tine", Inside Out Film Festival, Presented in Toronto, May 23, 2011.

Diaspora is often confused with exodus. Diasporas are minority groups that have a sense of connection with a larger community outside of the borders they currently inhabit, and through diasporic media create a sense of a larger identity and community, whether imagined or real. In scholarly work about diaspora in communication studies, the view of nation and culture as interchangeable terms is no longer prevalent. Stuart Hall theorized of hybridity, which he distinguished from "old style pluralism", "nomadic voyaging of the postmodern", and "global homogenization".

Her Bodega project stems from this belief and her "characters populating the bodegas of Harlem, these groceries of the corner, true microcosms emblems of the black and Latin diasporas in New York". Part of this series is her works she calls Hammer Projects include Rainbow, Big Red, My Guy, Ice Cream, and Loosie in the Park. Self also includes neon light signs, consisting of words such as “Abierto/ Open”, “Coffee/ Teas”, “EBT/ ATM”, and “Lotto”, which represent the LED lights that typically reside in these facilities.

This was followed in 2005 by Vietnam Symphony, about how during the American War (aka Vietnam War) the Hanoi Conservatorium of Music - teachers and students - evacuated to a village where it continued to operate for five years. In 2007, he made Temple of Dreams about an Islamic Youth Centre in Lidcombe and its battle with the local municipal council that wants to shut it down.Susie Khamis, "Lebanese Muslims Speak Back: Two Films by Tom Zubrycki", Diasporas of Australian Cinema eds: Simpson, Murawska and Lambert.

In 1998 Purcell gave the Jerome lectures at the University of Michigan and in 2008 the Rostovtzeff lectures at Yale University. In 2010 he gave the Gray Lectures at the University of Cambridge. In 2012 Purcell became the 98th Sather Professor at the University of California, Berkeley lecturing on 'Venal Histories: The Character, Limits, and Historical Importance of Buying and Selling in the Ancient World'. In 2012 he also gave the Charles Alexander Robinson, Jr. Memorial Lecture at Brown University entitled 'Roman Diasporas & Texture of Empire.

On behalf of the 3 million Russian-speaking Jews all over the world, with Russia and the US being major diasporas, Levin is invited as a key speaker to such high-profile events as the Israeli Presidential Conference Facing Tomorrow 2013 and at a ceremony commemorating International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2012 at the United Nations In May 2012, Alexander (Aaron) Levin was elected as president of the "Keren Hayesod" (Israel National Fund in Ukraine), and in 2013 in Jerusalem Levin received Chabad Man of the Year Award.

Noemi Marin, "The Rhetoric of Andrei Codrescu: A Reading in Exilic Fragmentation", in Domnica Rădulescu (ed.), Realms of Exile: Nomadism, Diasporas, and Eastern European Voices, Lexington Books, New York, p.102. He recalled the impact of having discovered Tzara's work in his youth, and credited him with being "the most important French poet after Rimbaud." In retrospect, various authors describe Tzara's Dadaist shows and street performances as "happenings", with a word employed by post-Dadaists and Situationists, which was coined in the 1950s.Beitchman, p.

The city was completely burnt down during the civil war in the nineteen-nineties. But under Mayor Lamina's leadership, Koidu City has seen a lot of improvements. His administration has installed hundreds of new solar lights in the city, paved major streets, rehabilitated and reconstructed schools, provided new furniture to primary and secondary schools, rehabilitated the Koidu Government Hospital and procured essential drugs for the hospital, established bi-lateral ties with cities around the world, and implemented policies targeting Diasporas as agents for development.

Howard Wettstein, 'Coming to Terms with Exile.' in Howard Wettstein (ed.) Diasporas and Exiles: Varieties of Jewish Identity, University of California Press 2002 (pp. 47-59 p.47 Steven Bowman argues that diaspora in antiquity connoted emigration from an ancestral mother city, with the emigrant community maintaining its cultural ties with the place of origin. Just as the Greek city exported its surplus population, so did Jerusalem, while remaining the cultural and religious centre or metropolis (ir-va-em be-yisrael) for the outlying communities.

From 2009 to 2010, she was a fellow at the Berlin Institute for Cultural Inquiry. In subsequent years, she taught post-colonial studies, psychoanalysis, and the work of Frantz Fanon at various universities, including the Free University of Berlin, the University of Bielefeld, and the University of Ghana in Accra. Most recently, she was Professor of Gender Studies and Postcolonial Studies at the Humboldt University in Berlin. There she conducted research on African diasporas, among other topics, and taught on Decolonial Feminism, Decolonizing Knowledge, and Performing Knowledge.

The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay, who migrated from the Konkan villages, south of Bombay, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Mumbai is also home to the largest population of Parsi Zoroastrians in the world, numbering about 60,000 though with a sharply declining population. Parsis migrated to India from Greater Iran following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century."The world's successful diasporas ". Managementtoday.co.uk.

Mrs. Said serves on the board of The Barenboim-Said Music Centre Ramallah, Palestine. Currently she is on the advisory board of The Freedom Theatre in Jenin, Palestine, and ArteEast, a New York-based international non-profit organization that supports and promotes artists from the Middle East and its Diasporas. In addition, Mrs. Said is a founding member of the board of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee and served on the Board of Directors of the Alumni Association of North America of the American University of Beirut.

Grabe and Else-Quest proposed the concept of "transnational intersectionality" that expands current conceptions of intersectionality, adding global forces to the analysis of how oppressive institutions are interconnected. In addition, Bhatia believes that a transnational cultural psychology is needed examine the psychology of diasporas, who are impacted by globalization and consequently have many "homes," languages, and selves. This movement asks to critique the ideologies of traditional white, classist, western models of psychology practices from an intersectional approach and how these connect with labor, theoretical applications, and analytical practice on a geopolitical scale.

Members of the community sometimes also call themselves "Melkites", which literally means "supporters of the emperor" in Semitic languages - a reference to their past allegiance to Roman and Byzantine imperial rule. But, in the modern era, this designation tends to be more commonly used by followers of the local Melkite Catholic Church. Syrians from the Greek Orthodox Community are also present in the Hatay Province of Southern Turkey (bordering Northern Syria), and have been well represented within the Syrian diasporas of Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, the United States, Canada and Australia.

An ethnic majority describes the numerical dominance of individuals of an ethnic group within the total population of a particular political or geographical entity. Ethnicity refers to genealogy, language, culture, identification with a historical social group and behavioral practices inherited from ancestors, among others, such as diet, art and religion. An ethnic majority generally contrasts with ethnic minorities within a certain population, such as indigenous people, diasporas or immigrant ethnicities. The concept of the territorial national state is derived from the idea to unite and integrate ethnicities into independent nations.

Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki (R) and Nofal (M) meet Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov (L) Nofal oversaw the PLO’s economic activities in the content of Africa between 1981 and 1986, while chairing the Samed Foundation. He then served as its Director of the Department of International Relations until 1994. After signing the Oslo Accords, the PLO transitioned from diasporas to the Palestinian Territories, and Nofal served as the Assistant Minister of the Ministry of National Economy until 2008, when he became the Deputy Minister of the same ministry.

The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated.The Economist, "White flight from South Africa" 25 September 2008.

Kaya Press publishes fiction, experimental poetry, critical essays, noir fiction, film memoir, avant-garde art, performance pieces, and the recovery of important and overlooked work (e.g. "lost novels") from the Pacific Rim and the API diaspora. Kaya identifies as "a group of dedicated writers, artists, readers, and lovers of books working together to publish the most challenging, thoughtful, and provocative literature being produced throughout the Asian and Pacific Island diasporas." Kaya Press participated in a selection of literary events, such as the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Literature Festival and the LA Times Festival of Books.

Co-ordinated by Irina Livezeanu and Lavinia Stan, the Studii Româneşti/Romanian Studies/Études Roumaines/Rumänische Studien series publishes scholarly books in Romanian written or edited by SRS members. It considers for publication Romanian translations of scholarly monographs already published in a foreign language, original scholarly monographs written in Romanian, and edited collections of Romanian-language essays dealing with a unifying theme. Book proposals must deal with Romania and/or Moldova and the populations living on their territories or with the Romanian and Moldovan diasporas and cultures, and they must have primarily an academic profile.

The caravan trade to North Africa and Middle East brought Islamic people into Mandinka people's original and expanded home region. The Muslim traders sought presence in the host Mandinka community, and this likely initiated proselytizing efforts to convert the Mandinka from their traditional religious beliefs into Islam. In Ghana, for example, the Almoravids had divided its capital into two parts by 1077, one part was Muslim and the other non-Muslim. The Muslim influence from North Africa had arrived in the Mandinka region before this, via Islamic trading diasporas.

For many melas are a wider intercultural (though mainly Asian) festival incorporating music, dance, food and other aspects of mainstream culture. Since the 1980s an increasing number of melas have regularly been held in larger towns outside south Asia, especially in the UK and North America. The larger melas tend to be those with larger ethnic minority populations, but many melas are held in communities with small South Asian diasporas. Community ownership of these melas is important to the south Asian communities who see them as opportunities to share their cultural heritage with the mainstream.

The Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines (ASCAD), created on 1 September 2003 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, is an African cultural institution whose objective is to contribute to the development and influence of science, arts, African culture and that of the African diaspora. It is also aimed at economic growth and social progress. Its members include scientists, philosophers, writers, artists and inventors. The ASCAD has assumed the membership of the Fédération des Associations Scientfiiques de Côte d'Ivoire, a predecessor body Associate of International Council for Science (ICSU) since 1992.

In 2011–12 he was the Mary L. Cornille Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Humanities at the Newhouse Centre at Wellesley College."2011–2012 Newhouse Resident Fellows" , Wellesley College. He has lectured widely in Singapore, Hong Kong, Turkey, Australia, Israel, and across Africa, Europe, and the United States. In addition to editing a number of books, Quayson has written essays for many publications, serving also on the editorial boards of journals including Research in African Literatures, African Diasporas, New Literary History, University of Toronto Quarterly, and Postcolonial Text.

Bethan Benwell (born 4 August 1971), has been a senior lecturer in English Language and Linguistics, for the Division of Literature and Languages, at the University of Stirling since 2008. She was co-investigator on an AHRC-funded project (2007–2010): Devolving Diasporas: Migration and Reception in Central Scotland, 1980–present with James Procter (Newcastle University), Gemma Robinson (University of Stirling), and Jackie Kay (Newcastle University). Her book, Discourse and Identity, which was co-authored with Elizabeth Stokoe, was nominated for the British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) Book Prize in 2007.

She gave a few concerts as well, but the real turning point in her life came when she met Christos Philipakopoulos, a young police officer almost thirty years her junior. Despite the age gap, the two of them fell in love. It was a relationship that would last, in some form or other, for the rest of Roza’s life. Although Roza had toured extensively throughout the Balkans, it was only in 1952 that she made her first tour of the United States to perform for the Greek and Turkish Diasporas there.

Uzbek is one of the many recognized languages of national minorities in Russia. More than 400 thousand Uzbeks are citizens of the Russian Federation and live in this country. Also in Russia there are 2 to 6 million Uzbeks from the Central Asian republics (mainly Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) who are immigrants and migrants. Large diasporas of Uzbeks live in such large cities of Russia as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Volgograd, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Vladivostok, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Saratov and Tyumen.

Tarun Khanna (born; 1968) is an Indian-born American academic, author, and an economic strategist. He is currently the Jorge Paulo Lemann professor at Harvard Business School; where he is a member of the strategy group, and the director of Harvard University’s South Asia initiative since 2010. He joined the HBS faculty in 1993; after obtaining a B.S. degree in electrical engineering & computer science from Princeton University (1988), and a Ph.D. in business economics from Harvard Business School (1993). His areas of interests include diasporas, economic development, emerging markets, globalization, international business, and strategy.

He is the director of Harvard University's South Asia initiative since 2010, and also the faculty chair for HBS activities in India. Currently, he teaches in Harvard's comprehensive general management executive education programs. Khanna has been a prominent interviewer in the Creating Emerging Markets project, designed to facilitate research and teaching on the business history of emerging markets, which includes interviews with long-time leaders of firms and NGOs in Latin America, South Asia, Turkey and Africa. His areas of interests include diasporas, economic development, emerging markets, globalization, international business, and strategy.

Tölölyan was born 1944 in Aleppo, Syria to Armenian parents from Turkey and grew up in the Armenian diaspora communities of the Middle East (Syria; Cairo, Egypt; Beirut, Lebanon). He moved to the US at the age of 16 and initially settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University with BA in Molecular Biology and later acquired a MA from both the University of Rhode Island and Wesleyan University and PhD from Brown University in Comparative Literature. He has published articles on literature, including on novelist Thomas Pynchon, terrorism, nationalism, diasporas, transnationalism and globalization.

One of the largest diasporas of modern times is that of sub-Saharan Africans, which dates back several centuries. During the Atlantic slave trade, 9.4 to 12 million people from West Africa survived transportation to the Americas and arrived there as slaves. This population and their descendants were major influences on the culture of British, French, Portuguese, and Spanish New World colonies. Prior to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, millions of Africans had moved and settled as merchants, seamen, and slaves in different parts of Europe and Asia.

Some modern European states which arose out of the dissolved Austro-Hungarian or Ottoman empires have huge numbers of ethnic populations outside of their new 'national' boundaries, as do most of the former Soviet states. Such long- standing diasporas do not conform to codified 20th-century European rules of citizenship. In many cases, jus sanguinis rights are mandated by international treaty, with citizenship definitions imposed by the international community. In other cases, minorities are subject to legal and extra-legal persecution and choose to immigrate to their ancestral home country.

Wedding korovai in Kyiv, 2020 Korovai at a bread festival in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine The korovai ( or before 1956 reform), karavai (modern ), , or kravai () is a traditional Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian and Romanian bread, most often used at weddings, where it has great symbolic meaning, and has remained part of the wedding tradition in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and by the Russian and Ukrainian diasporas. Its use in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine dates back to hospitality and holiday customs in ancient Rus. Round korovai is a common element of the bread and salt ceremony.

That was an unplanned consequence of the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1804. At its peak, the Sokoto Caliphate was the most populous state in Africa. The Caliphate occupied most of north-central and north-west Nigeria, as well as parts of neighboring countries of nowadays Nigeria. Internal peace and market integration was a basis of the commercial prosperity of the Caliphate. Hausa merchant diasporas ran an extensive export-trade network and the state had regular increase of the labour supply through the importation of “pagan” captives as slaves.

In the 1960s, growing emigration following the Cuban Revolution spread Santería elsewhere in the Americas. The late 20th century saw growing links between Santería and related traditions in West Africa and the Americas, such as Haitian Vodou and Brazilian Candomblé. Since the late 20th century, some practitioners have emphasized a "Yorubization" process to remove Roman Catholic influences and create forms of Santería closer to traditional Yoruba religion. Practitioners of Santería are primarily found in Cuba, although communities elsewhere in the Americas, especially among the Cuban diasporas of Mexico and the United States.

The Ìgbómìnà, on the other hand, appear to have pressured the Nupe and the Yagba and taken territory away from them in places, but also losing territory to them in other places. Major upheavals, conflicts and wars as well as epidemics have resulted in major ancient dispersals and migrations such as the Òbà diasporas documented in the oral history, oral poetry and lineage praise songs of several Ìgbómìnà clans. Some of the towns in Igbomina are known for historical events or things, an example is the Gegele hill in igbaja.

The proportion of Jews to gentiles is also unknown. Three events caused the Jewish population dominance to change after AD 70 (in the Late Roman period). The first was the rise of Christianity. The second involved the Jewish Diasporas resulting from a series of Jewish rebellions against the Roman occupation, starting in AD 66 which resulted in the destruction of the Second Temple and of Jerusalem in AD 70 to the subsequent expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem, and followed by the rebellion against Hadrian in AD 132 – the Bar Kokhba revolt.

Political scientists have put forth a number of theoretical frameworks relating to migration, offering different perspectives on processes of security, citizenship, and international relations. The political importance of diasporas has also become a growing field of interest, as scholars examine questions of diaspora activism, state-diaspora relations, out-of-country voting processes, and states' soft power strategies. In this field, the majority of work has focused on immigration politics, viewing migration from the perspective of the country of destination. With regard to emigration processes, political scientists have expanded on Albert Hirschman's framework on '"voice" vs.

Eve Sandler is an American painter, filmmaker and multi-media artist in the style of Abstract Expressionism. Sandler, born in Harlem, is the daughter of Harlem-based painter Alvin Sandler and sister of filmmaker Kathe Sandler. The artist began her professional career at the age of seventeen, first working with jewelry and metals before turning to relief painting in the 1990s. Sandler's multimedia installation "Mami Wata Crossing" was part of the 2008 exhibition, "Mami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas" at the Fowler Museum.

There have been several Baháʼí converts from descendants of the Ukrainian diasporas. As early as 1954 Canadian Peter Pihichyn of Ukrainian descent translated Baháʼí literature into Ukrainian and by 1963 a Ukrainian Teaching Committee of the Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of Canada produced a bulletin, entitled New Word. Canadian Baháʼí Mary McCulloch was of Ukrainian descent. After becoming a Baháʼí in 1951 and joining the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan she was the first pioneer to Anticosti Island in 1956 becoming a Knight of Baháʼu'lláh.

A cèilidh dance in Alexandria, Virginia, United States A cèilidh () or céilí () is a traditional Scottish or Irish social gathering. In its most basic form, it simply means a social visit. In contemporary usage, it usually involves dancing and playing Gaelic folk music, either at a house party or a larger concert at a social hall or other community gathering place. Cèilidhean (plural of cèilidh) and céilithe (plural of céilí) originated in the Gaelic areas of Scotland and Ireland and are consequently common in the Scottish and Irish diasporas.

Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic, including residents and citizens, are the third largest ethnic minority overall (after the Slovaks and Ukrainians), numbering more than 83,000 people according to the 2011 census. It is the third largest Vietnamese diaspora in Europe, and one of the most populous Vietnamese diasporas of the world. According to the 2001 census, there were 17,462 ethnic Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese population has grown very rapidly since then, with the Czech Statistics Office estimating that there were 61,012 Vietnamese residing in the Czech Republic in October 2009.

His research has also entailed a transregional approach examining sociopolitical, cultural and economic exchanges, links and fragmentation in relation to collapsing political systems and the Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Empire and their transnational impacts on the Balkans and Balkan diasporas around the globe. His other areas of research interest have included modern forms of Islam as practiced in the Balkans, Middle East, Eastern Africa and South-East Asia after the Second World War and nineteenth century Asian Muslim Emirates dealing with expanding European commercial interests within the South China Sea.

Baron declared that "...from Khazaria Jews began to penetrate into the vast plains of Eastern-Europe. This migration occurred both during the peak of the Khazars' Kingdom and during its decline". Prof. Dinur did not hesitate to confirm that Khazaria was "the origin of the diaspora, the origin of one of the greatest diasporas, the diaspora of Russia, Lithuania and Poland". Nonetheless, these same assumptions which Polak presented in his book, were the target of criticism in various circles because of their possible ramifications on the right of Jews to settle in Israel.

Götheborg ship replica at the Brest tall ship meeting in 2012 Brittany has a vibrant calendar of festivals and events. It hosts some of France's biggest contemporary music festivals, such as La Route du Rock in Saint-Malo, the Vieilles Charrues in Carhaix, the Rencontres Trans Musicales in Rennes, the Festival du Bout du Monde in Crozon, the Hellfest in Clisson and the Astropolis in Brest. The Festival Interceltique de Lorient welcomes each year participants all the Celtic nations and their diasporas. La Folle Journée, in Nantes, is the largest classical music festival in France.

Canada recognizes Pakistan's significance as a important player and major non-NATO ally in regards to combating terrorism globally as well as domestically with the Afghanistan conflict and spillover into Pakistan. Canada was also among the nations that deployed peacekeepers to the Kashmir region in 1949, shortly after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-48—and strongly advocates for a peaceful solution to the India-Pakistan conflict over Kashmir. Today, Canada is home to one of the largest Pakistani diasporas, with figures speculated to be at least 215,000 while there are some 30,000—50,000 Canadians in Pakistan.

Even foods that have been part of a culture for centuries often are indigenous to a region on the other side of the world. This global dispersal shows the generosity with which farmers and farming communities have always shared seeds and genetic materials with neighbors or through trade. As people ventured forth, looking for new lands, their seeds were part of their diasporas. As a result, we now live in a world in which not one country can be considered self-sufficient in terms of being able to survive solely on crops indigenous within its borders.

Hu-DeHart has authored three books, served as editor for four edited volumes, and penned dozens of articles and chapters. She began her career with two books on the Yaqui Indians in northwest Mexico and its borderlands. After which, her attention turned towards the lost history of Asian migration in Latin America, focusing in particular to their histories in Cuba, Peru, and Mexico, where she examined the ways these immigrants have contributed to their respective societies and cultures. More broadly, she is a noted theorist of diasporas and transnationalism, as well as multicultural education in the United States.

Gopinath serves on the editorial board of the journal South Asian Diaspora and on the advisory board of the feminist journal Signs. Her first book, Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures, came out in 2005. In 2018, Gopinath published Unruly Visions: The Aesthetic Practices of Queer Diaspora, which "brings queer studies to bear on studies of diaspora and visuality, tracing the interrelation of affect, archive, region, and aesthetics through an examination of a wide range of contemporary queer visual culture." The book explores the queer diasporic art practices of interdisciplinary artists Tracey Moffatt, Akram Zaatari, and Allan deSouza.

The following year he authored a semi- official publication in French and English with the title The Government of Vichy (Le Gouvernement de Vichy). Renée Poznanski (2013) 'Voices from London on the Persecution of the Jews' in Gilespie and Webb (2013), Diasporas and Diplomacy, Routledge pp79-81 In the same year he also published on the Riom Trial.P.Tissier (1942) The Riom Trial, G.G. Harrap and Co. In 1944 he became the director of the cabinet of Adrien Tixier, Minister of the interior and worked to create new immigration laws. Tissier was the first director of the National Office of Immigration.

In 1985, with the onset of perestroika and glasnost, it became permitted for the first time to speak openly of the deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union and other tragedies which had afflicted the Koryo-saram. This piqued Kim's interest in the history of his ancestors, and in 1987, he returned to Kazakh National University as a doctoral candidate, writing his thesis on the topic of "Socio-Cultural Development of Koreans in Kazakhstan in 1946-1966"; after graduation up until today, he has continued his work in the field of Koryo-saram and Korean diasporas studies.

As a nationally conscious Slovene woman, she was active in the Carinthian plebiscite and in a club of migrants.Danijel Grafenauer (2009): Carinthian Slovenes´ Clubs and the Contacts between Carinthian Slovenes and Slovene-American Politicians , in: Matjaž Klemenčič, Mary N. Harris (Eds.) European migrants, diasporas and indigenous ethnic minorities, Edizioni Plus-Pisa University Press, , pp. 83–103 In 1943 she was imprisoned and detained in the Nazi concentration camp Ravensbrück.Janez Stergar (2004): Dr. Angela Piskernik (1886–1967), Natural Scientist, Environmentalist, and Nationally Conscious Activist from Carinthia (Abstract in English), Institute of Ethnic Studies, Ljubljana. Retrieved October 31, 2013.

Masia Lim, better known as Masia One (MAS1A) , is a Singaporean/Canadian rapper from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Vela, Thandiwe (2009) "Toronto home to hip-hop diasporas", Toronto Star, January 8, 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2011 She was born in Singapore and moved to Canada at a very young age. She grew up in Vancouver and eventually moved to Toronto, Ontario.Cheah, Jason (2009) "Club Beat: Holiday fever continues as the parties just get hotter this weekend ", Toronto Star, February 6, 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2011 She attended the University of Toronto and graduated with a degree in Architecture and Economics.

Globalization and Muslim women returning from diasporas has influenced Pakistani women's purdah practice in areas outside of religious significance. One major influence is the desire to be modern and keep up with the latest fashions, or refusal to do so as a source of autonomy and power. Simultaneously, due to modernization in many urban areas, purdah and face- veiling are seen as unsophisticated and backwards, creating a trend in less strict observance of purdah. For the Muslim South Asian diaspora living in secular non-Muslim communities such as Pakistani-Americans, attitudes about purdah have changed to be less strict.

One of their undeclared aims was to acquire military experience for eventual participation in the fight for Jewish independence in Palestine.Encyclopedia of Diasporas. Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Vol. I, Jewish Diaspora in China by Xu Xin, p.157, Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (Eds.), Springer 2004 When the fighting in the Chinese section of Shanghai in 1937 threatened to spill over into the Settlement, the foreign units took up their assigned defensive positions, and the Shanghai Volunteer Corps was mobilized on 17 August, as was the Jewish Company, for a period of three months, taking up predesignated stations.

The city holds events like the São Paulo Jazz Festival, São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazilian Grand Prix, São Paulo Fashion Week, the ATP Brasil Open, the Brasil Game Show and the Comic Con Experience. The São Paulo Gay Pride Parade rivals the New York City Pride March as the largest gay pride parade in the world. São Paulo is a cosmopolitan, melting pot city, home to the largest Arab, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese diasporas, with examples including ethnic neighborhoods of Mercado, Bixiga, and Liberdade respectively. São Paulo is also home to the largest Jewish population in Brazil, with about 75,000 Jews.

Africultures is a publication of arts and culture about and from Africa and its diasporas. Based in Paris, it was founded in 1997 by journalists and academics such as Gérald Arnaud, Olivier Barlet, Tanella Boni, Sylvie Chalaye, Fayçal Chehat, Soeuf Elbadawi, Boniface Mongo-Mboussa, etc. The magazine is managed by the association Africultures and it is published by L'Harmattan. Since 2012 the documentation produced by the magazine and its database made of over 80,000 biographies of artists and description of books, music, films and institutions has been released under the open Creative Commons attribution share alike license.

According to Rodriguez, the main themes of Central American literature in the United States are: war, violence, criminality, solidarity, migration, ethnicity, and the construction of identity. Maya Chinchilla is a Guatemalan poet of mixed US, German, and Guatemalan heritages. In her poem "Central Americanamerican" she "diffracts the construction of Central American identity beyond a geographic notion and along the multiple coordinates of migrations, generations, heritages, languages, ethnicities, races, sexualities, cultures, and discourses magnified in the Central American diasporas." Novels like The Tattooed Soldier by Héctor Tobar display the cultural significance of Central American identity within US multiculturalism.

Molecular paleontology refers to the recovery and analysis of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids, and their diagenetic products from ancient human, animal, and plant remains. The field of molecular paleontology has yielded important insights into evolutionary events, species' diasporas, the discovery and characterization of extinct species. By applying molecular analytical techniques to DNA in fossils, one can quantify the level of relatedness between any two organisms for which DNA has been recovered. Advancements in the field of molecular paleontology have allowed scientists to pursue evolutionary questions on a genetic level rather than relying on phenotypic variation alone.

Because of the complex history of the region, many people who identify as Afro-Caribbean also have European, Middle Eastern, Taino, Chinese and/or East Indian genealogies. It is these peoples, who in the past were referred to and self-identified collectively as Coloured, Black or Negro West Indians, who now generally consider themselves to be black, mixed heritage, creole or African descendant people in the Caribbean and its Diasporas. Their history has been studied by historians such as C.L.R. James (author of The Black Jacobins), Eric Williams and Peter Fryer – and it is their history that is the focus of this article.

CONIFA is an organisation that provides an outlet for countries, sub-national entities, stateless peoples and ethnic minorities to play international football. Because a number of their members represent diasporas or displaced peoples, it is not always possible for the host of the World Football Cup to be able to hold the competition in their own "territory". As a consequence of this, CONIFA defines the "host" of the World Football Cup as being the member association that heads the organising committee, whether or not the tournament is actually played in the geographical area that the host association represents.

Brathwaite was noted for his studies of Black cultural life both in Africa and throughout the African diasporas of the world in works such as Folk Culture of the Slaves in Jamaica (1970); The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770–1820 (1971); Contradictory Omens (1974); Afternoon of the Status Crow (1982); and History of the Voice (1984), the publication of which established him as the authority of note on nation language.Montague Kobbe, "Caribbean Identity and Nation Language in Kamau Brathwaite's Poetry", Latineos, 23 December 2010.Carolyn Cooper, "Fi Wi Nation, Fi Wi Language", Jamaica Woman Tongue, 13 November 2011.

During and after the Cold War-era, huge populations of refugees migrated from conflict, especially from then-developing countries. Upheaval in the Middle East and Central Asia, some of which related to power struggles between the United States and the Soviet Union, produced new refugee populations that developed into global diasporas. In Southeast Asia, many Vietnamese people emigrated to France and later millions to the United States, Australia and Canada after the Cold War-related Vietnam War of 1955-1975. Later, 30,000 French colons from Cambodia were displaced after being expelled by the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime under Pol Pot.

Many states were lifting restrictions on dual citizenship. For example, the British Nationality Act 1948 removed restrictions on dual citizenship in the United Kingdom, the 1967 Afroyim v. Rusk ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court prohibited the U.S. government from involuntarily stripping citizenship from Americans over dual citizenship, and the Canadian Citizenship Act, 1976, removed restrictions on dual citizenship in Canada. The number of states allowing multiple citizenships further increased after a treaty in Europe requiring signatories to limit dual citizenship lapsed in the 1990s, and countries with high emigration rates began permitting it to maintain links with their respective diasporas.

About 20–25 million residents (3%) are members of diasporas of non-European origin. The population of the European Union, with some five hundred million residents, accounts for two thirds of the current European population. Both Spain and the United Kingdom are special cases, in that the designation of nationality, Spanish and British, may controversially take ethnic aspects, subsuming various regional ethnic groups (see nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain and native populations of the United Kingdom). Switzerland is a similar case, but the linguistic subgroups of the Swiss are discussed in terms of both ethnicity and language affiliations.

Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 139–140. . many Macedonians did not have a strong sense of national identity, but of regional one. The general population pre-WWII commonly considered themselves ethnically as Macedonian Bulgarians or simply as Bulgarians, though the emergence of nationalism in the region began in the late 19th century began to question this.The most prominent non-Balkan scholars, who deal with the Macedonian diasporas, seem to be unanimous that until 1945, the majority of the Macedonian immigrants of Slavic origin identified themselves as Bulgarians and, more rarely, as Greeks.

Yacouba Konaté (4 May 1953) is a curator, writer, art critic and professor of Philosophy at the Université de Cocody in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. He is a member of l'Académie des Arts, des Sciences et des Cultures d'Afrique et des Diasporas in Abidjan and he leads the Africa Office of the Jean Paul Blachère's Foundation. In 1998 he was Fulbright Professor at Stanford University, between 2004–2008 he taught at l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales in France. In 2007 he taught at the Laval University in Canada and in 2007 he was a Carter Fellow at the University of Florida, Gainesville.

The Puerto Rico Planning Board estimated that remittances totaled $66 million in 1963.Senior and Watkins in Cordasco and Bucchioni 1975: 162-163 The full extent of the stateside Puerto Rican community's contributions to the economy of Puerto Rico is not known, but it is clearly significant. The role of remittances and investments by Latino immigrants to their home countries has reached a level that it has received much attention in the last few years, as countries like Mexico develop strategies to better leverage these large sums of money from their diasporas in their economic development planning.DeSipio, et al.

She has also led workshops on creative non-fiction writing."2017 Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop", Repeating Islands, 8 December 2016. At Goldsmiths, she is the convenor for the undergraduate options "Caribbean Women's Writing" and "Black British Literature", as well as convenor of the "Literature of the Caribbean and its Diasporas" pathway within the Comparative Literary Studies MA programme. She is also co-convenor, with Deirdre Osborne, of the world's first MA in Black British Writing,Joan Anim-Addo and Sarah Cox, "New chapter begins for the Centre for Caribbean and Diaspora Studies", Goldsmiths, 12 October 2015.

Russia and Its New Diasporas (Washington, DC: The United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001) Retrieved 2017-11-28. In this book, he examines the political significance of new ethnic Russian “diaspora” communities for the future of Eurasian and international security. Zevelev poses questions about Russia’s national identity, territorial reach, and political influence. Zevelev draws from literature on ethnicity, identity and nationalism analyses the Russian Federation’s official policies towards Russian diaspora over time. Most of Igor Zevelev’s current work focuses on Russian-American and Russian-Chinese relations, as well as Russian national identity and foreign policy.

The Martabe movement (abbreviation of Marsipature Hutana Be, literally Building Your Own Village) was first delivered in a speech by the Governor of North Sumatra, Raja Inal Siregar, in Sipirok on 24 December 1988. The main aim of the movement was to bring awareness regarding the development of their own homeland in North Sumatra to ethnic North Sumatran diasporas (perantau). The movement was officially announced with the name on 1 November 1989 in the village of Tanjung Ibus, Langkat Regency. As North Tapanuli itself was ethnically dominated by Toba Batak people, Panjaitan aimed the movement to the Bataknese diaspora located outside North Sumatra and overseas.

And she co-chaired the Asian Pacific Caucus for the Society for Cinema and Media Studies in 2008–10. On a national level, she has served as a reviewer for the Ford Foundation Diversity Fellowships and the National Endowment for the Humanities' America's Media Makers Program. For Duke University Press, New York University, Oxford University Press, Rutgers University, Temple University, University of Michigan Presses, and journals such as Signs, GLQ, and Frontiers she reviews articles and books. She has served as Associate Editor for Women's International Forum (Elsevier), USA Editor for Asian Diasporas and Visual Cultures of the Americas (Brill) and is currently Associate Editor for GLQ (Duke University Press).

Yves Coppens is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Medicine, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences of Vatican, the French Outremer Academy of Sciences, the Academia Europaea, the Royal Academy of Sciences Hassan II of Morocco, the African Academy of Sciences, Arts, Cultures and Diasporas of Côte d'Ivoire, Honorary Member of the São Paulo Academy of Medicine, Associate Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium, correspondent of the Royal Belgian Academy of Medicine, honorary member of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, foreign associate of the Royal Society of South Africa.

Comparative Critical Studies is the journal of the British Comparative Literature Association (BCLA). It is published three times a year by Edinburgh University Press, in February, June and October. Comparative Critical Studies also incorporates Comparative Criticism (Cambridge University Press, 1979–2003) and New Comparison (BCLA, 1986–2003), which have now ceased publication. This academic journal publishes articles on the theory and practice of the study of comparative literature, including: theory and history of comparative literary studies; comparative studies of conventions, genres, themes and periods; reception studies; comparative gender studies; transmediality; diasporas and the migration of culture from a literary perspective; and the theory and practice of literary translation and cultural transfer.

Some food theorists argue that this depiction of Caribbean food in various forms of media contributes to the inaccurate conceptions revolving around their culinary practices, which are much more grounded in unpleasant historical events. Therefore, it can be argued that the connection between the idea of the Caribbean being the ultimate paradise and Caribbean food being exotic is based on inaccurate information.Graziadei, Daniel. “The Fierce Questioning of Fictional Caribbean Communion in Édouard Glissant’s Ormerod and Fortuné Chalumeau’s Désirade, ô Serpente!” In Caribbean Food Cultures: Culinary Practices and Consumption in the Caribbean and Its Diasporas, edited by Wiebke Beuhausen, Anne Brüske, Ana- Sofia Commichau, Patrick Helber, and Sinah Kloß, 89-96.

For the last two decades, she has researched how media impacts identities and communities in the United States and globally. Her early work was formative to the study of South Asian diasporas and diasporic culture in Britain, Canada, and the United States, especially from a feminist and queer perspectives. She is also known for her scholarship on English-language Indian films, Indian cinema, Bollywood, and transnational cinema; her book Beyond Bollywood was the first scholarly work to take a "comprehensive look at the emergence, development, and significance of contemporary South Asian diasporic cinema." She has written about filmmakers such as Deepa Mehta, Mira Nair, and Kaizad Gustad.

The Kingdom of Aksum at its height, with a presence on the Arabian peninsula outside of the African continent The Kingdom of Aksum was an ancient empire in what is now northern Ethiopia. There were four invasions and subsequent settlements of Aksumites in Himyar, located across the Red Sea in modern-day Yemen. These invasions and settlements led to one of the first large-scale African diasporas in the ancient world. In 517 AD, the Himyarite king Ma’adikarib was overthrown by Dhu Nuwas, a Jewish leader who began persecuting Christians and confiscating trade goods between Aksum and the Byzantine Empire, both of which were Christian nations.

The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid safety concerns and the prospect of losing their formerly privileged status. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated overseas since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the United Kingdom to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. The Economist, "White flight from South Africa" 25 September 2008.

In 1939 the Stalinist government prohibited Jaꞑalif and it remained in use until January 1940. Jaꞑalif was also used in Nazi gazettes for prisoners of war and propaganda during World War II. The alphabet served until the 1950s, because most of the schoolbooks were printed before World War II. Some Tatar diasporas also used Jaꞑalif outside of the Soviet Union, for example the Tatar bureau of Radio Free Europe. For 12 years of usage the Latin script, Arabic script (and not only Jaña imlâ, but İske imlâ too) also were used. One of the Musa Cälil's Moabit Notebooks was written in Jaꞑalif, and another was written in Arabic letters.

Genocide monument in Strovolos, Nicosia The present white marble Armenian Genocide Monument was constructed between 1990–1991 by architect and painter John Guevherian and it is located in the courtyard of the new Sourp Asdvadzadzin church in Strovolos, Nicosia. It was officially presented on 24 April 1991. It features three arches - representing Armenia and the two Diasporas, the one within the USSR and the one outside it - and a black granite cross, the work of Armenian sculptor Levon Tokmadjian. The idea for its creation goes back to the 70th commemoration of the Armenian Genocide in 1985, when Catholicosal Vicar, Senior Archimandrite Yeghishe Mandjikian, laid the idea for this monument.

"Welcome to Crimea" () written in Crimean Tatar Cyrillic, airport bus, Simferopol International Airport Bakhchisaray in 2009, along with Ukrainian An example of Crimean Tatar Arabic script Crimean Tatar (), also called Crimean (), is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean Tatar diasporas of Uzbekistan, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria, as well as small communities in the United States and Canada. It should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the languages are related, but belong to two different subgroups of the Kipchak languages and thus are not mutually intelligible. It has been extensively influenced by nearby Oghuz dialects.

In the west and north, many cities had sizable German minorities, often belonging to Reformed churches. The Commonwealth had also one of the largest Jewish diasporas in the world. Until the Reformation, the szlachta were mostly Catholic or Eastern Orthodox. However, many families quickly adopted the Reformed religion. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the szlachta became almost exclusively Roman Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not a majority religion (the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches counted approximately 40% of the population each, while the remaining 20% were Jews and members of various Protestant churches).

There are multiple perspectives as to the value of the influence of ethnic interest groups on the foreign policy of the United States, much like there are conflicting interpretations of the influence of ethnic interest groups in general, see Ethnic interest groups – conflicting interpretations. Yossi Shain writes that in "many ways […] the participation of ethnic diasporas in shaping U.S. foreign policy is a truly positive phenomena." A less positive assessment comes from Tony Smith, who writes that at "present, the negative consequences of ethnic involvement may way outweigh the undoubted benefits this activism at times confers on America in world affairs."Smith, Tony. 2000.

Lusitanic people have sometimes, especially in the United States, been lumped into the Hispanic label. The term Lusitanic arose because the cultures of Portugal and Spain, and their respective diasporas, though related, are significantly different. Lusitania and the Lusitanians were known long before their conquest by Rome, and their incorporation into the Roman province of Hispania was temporary; both before and after Roman conquest, Lusitania was largely culturally distinct from the rest of Iberia, though the exact geographic center of this culture shifted over time. It is thus argued that Lusitanic people, language, and culture cannot be properly classified as a subset of Hispanic.

Her work highlights the vernacular, situated cosmopolitanism of rights activists, trade unionists and feminists in the global south, transnational labour migrants and Sufis. She rejects, however, optimistic views of transnationalism as effacing national boundaries, and argues for the need to recognise the illusion of simultaneity, disguising the ruptures that transnational movement engenders. On diaspora she argues that diasporas are internally heterogeneous, imaginatively constructed, transnational moral communities of co- responsibility. The materiality of diaspora is manifested both affectively and aesthetically, and its members are willing to mobilize politically and economically across borders in response to the sufferings of fellow diasporans or crises in the ‘home’ country.

In Transnational Australian Cinema: Ethics in the Asian Diasporas, p. 93-106. Lexington Books, 2013 In Australia, road movies have been called a "complex metaphor" which refers to the country's history, current situation, and to anxieties about the future. The Mad Max films, including Mad Max, The Road Warrior and Mad Max:Beyond Thunderdome, "have become canonical for their dystopic reinvention of the outback as a post-human wasteland where survival depends upon manic driving skills". The 2010 film Mother Fish, which depicts travel over water, has been called a "No Road"-style road film, as it uses the road movie journey narrative without using roads as a setting.

Azerbaijanis have long distrusted the OSCE's Minsk group, co- chaired by Russia, France, and the United States. All three countries have large Armenian diasporas, while Russia and Armenia are strategic allies, something Azerbaijan argues is grounds for them to consider it as favouring the Armenians in the conflict. Many Azerbaijanis accuse the Minsk Group of not being effective and fair in their work.Azerbaijan’s Relations With Minsk Group Hit New Low Azerbaijani media have accused certain co-chairs (such as Vladimir Kazimirov of Russia and Jacques Faure of France) of "observing the decencies" only as incumbents and going on to become "Armenia's best friends" soon after retiring from their position as mediators.

Although often referred to as one of the "three religions", mainly due to Eurocentrism and Whitewashing, Judaism is one of the best examples of an "indigenous religion". Specifically, it is an Ethnic religion by classification. The Jewish People follow a land-based faith, and isn't a faith that crosses borders like Christianity and Islam, but rather its a faith that the Jewish People brought with them to preserve their identity following the many Jewish diasporas. Most notably, the Roman exile of the Jews following the destruction the Second Temple in 70 CE. The Hebrew calendar follows the agricultural cycle of the land of Judea (modern day Israel and the Palestinian territories).

A stamp in a passport issuing holder Israeli citizenship based on Law of Return Supporters of the law say that it is very similar to those in many European states, which also employ an ethnic component.Democratic Norms, Diasporas, and Israel’s Law of Return, Alexander Yakobson and Amnon Rubinstein Supporters argue that: # The Law of Return is not the only way of acquiring citizenship. For example, non- Jews can become citizens by naturalization, residence, or marrying an Israeli citizen. Naturalization, for instance, is available under certain circumstances for the non-Jewish parents of a citizen who has completed his or her army service.Sheleg, Y. 2004.

Runet Prize ceremony Originating from Russian scientific community and telecommunication industries, a specific Russian culture of using the Internet has been established since the early 1990s. In the second half of the 1990s, the term Runet was coined to call the segment of Internet written or understood in the Russian language. Whereas the Internet "has no boundaries", "Russian Internet" (online communications in the Russian language) can not be localized solely to the users residing in the Russian Federation as it includes Russian-speaking people from all around the world. This segment includes millions of users in other ex-USSR countries, Israel and others abroad diasporas.

They identified people in the non-Western, "Majority World" (areas where the majority of the world's population lives) as valuable resources for revising traditional psychological science. Grabe and Else-Quest proposed the concept of "transnational intersectionality" that expands current conceptions of intersectionality, adding global forces to the analysis of how oppressive institutions are interconnected. In addition, Bhatia believes that a transnational cultural psychology is needed examine the psychology of diasporas, who are impacted by globalization and consequently have many "homes," languages, and selves. A 2015 Summit organized by Machizawa, Collins, and Rice further developed transnational psychology by inspiring presentations and publications that applied transnational feminist principles to psychological topics.

The flag of the Belarusian national liberation movement used at the congress A total of 1872 delegates came to the conference. They represented all regions of Belarus. The delegates were representatives of various social and political organizations, local governments, trade unions, as well as of refugees to Russia, soldiers of the Russian army and diasporas in Petrograd and Moscow The congress has elected the Council of the First All-Belarusian Congress of 71 members under the leadership of Jan Sierada. The Council, in turn, formed an executive committee which was to serve as the organizing body in the process of establishing a modern constitutional democratic Belarusian state.

There is a long and complex history of Tanzanians in the UK, with various individuals of various ages, occupations and races migrating to the UK for numerous reasons. Central Tanzania is predominantly Christian whilst the coastal areas are largely Muslim. Prior to the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964, the Arab and South Asian diasporas in Tanzania (then two separate nations named Tanganyika ad Zanzibar) had a hard and tough lifestyle, but when violence erupted during the revolution they were targeted and attacked even more so. During the 1970s a large percentage of the nation's South Asian community were forced out, with ultimately 50,000 seeking refuge in the UK and Canada.

The issue that this creates further determines an individual being considered, to a certain degree, invisible in both nation-states: in their country of origin as well as in their new country of residence. In another 2012 analysis, the Pew Research Center estimated that 33.7 million of U.S. Latinos were of Mexican origin. Owing to the number of people within the United States who consider themselves Mexican, or that come from Mexican origins, a diaspora actually occurred disregarding being documented or undocumented. In many cases, diasporas are seen as happening due to a drastic event that caused certain individuals to migrate to a new location.

Verene Albertha Shepherd (née Lazarus; born 1951) is a Jamaican academic who is a professor of social history at the University of the West Indies in Mona. She is the director of the university's Institute for Gender and Development Studies, and specialises in Jamaican social history and diaspora studies. She has published prolifically in journals and books on topics including Jamaican economic history during slavery, the Indian experience in Jamaica, migration and diasporas and Caribbean women's history,"Verene A. Shepherd", Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. and is a contributor to the 2019 anthology New Daughters of Africa.

Felix Barbaro Martinez-Ruiz, born in 1967, is an art historian whose work examines the links between visual culture, performance and art. Martinez-Ruiz's work interrogates and traces the connections between the Bakongo traditions of graphic writing prevalent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo & Angola and the Palo Monte traditions in Cuba. More broadly, Martinez-Ruiz's research challenges the disciplinary boundaries of art history to unfold the rich and valuable visual communication, ethnography, ecology and cosmologies by and through the art and cultural heritage of African Atlantic diasporas. Martinez-Ruiz received his BA at the University of Havana in 1994 and his PhD from Yale University in 2004.

Transnational psychology applies transnational feminist lenses, developed through interdisciplinary work in postcolonial and feminist studies, to the field of psychology to study, understand, and address the impact of colonization, imperialism, and globalization. This approach uses a context-sensitive cultural psychology lens to reconsider, de-naturalize, and de-universalize psychological science. Kurtis and Adams suggested that people in the non-Western, "Majority World" (areas where the majority of the world's population lives), should be viewed as resources for revising traditional psychological science. In addition, Bhatia believes that a transnational cultural psychology is needed examine the psychology of diasporas, who are impacted by globalization and consequently have many “homes,” languages, and selves.

The book is a magic realism-inspired reworking of a folk tale into a psychological portrait of a young Congolese man's descent into violence. In 2007, Mabanckou's early poetry was re-published by Points-Seuil under the title Tant que les arbres s'enracineront dans la terre, as well as a biography of James Baldwin, Lettre à Jimmy (Fayard), on the 20th anniversary of Baldwin's death. Mabanckou's 2009 novel, Black Bazar, is a dark comic story set in Jip's, a Paris Afro-Cuban bar once frequented by Mabanckou, portraying the lives of characters from the various African diasporas of France. Mabanckou's work has been published in 15 languages.

He worked as a senior research associate and was a branch director of the Institute of History of Science and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences until 1995. In that year, he became the founder and director of the Scientific Publishing House of Biographical International Encyclopedia "Humanistica". He founded a series of biographical encyclopedias "Humanistica"; in 1990, he published the first vocabulary program and biographical encyclopedia, author and publisher of the first published in this series of volumes, including those on the Internet. He developed and is implementing a plan to create the biographical database and issued a 100-volume Russian Biographical Encyclopedia (RBE), including the use of the archives of Russian diasporas in more than 120 countries.

Many factors contribute to the limited presence of Vietnamese communities and culture within Pakistan, most notably the latter's close relationship with China. Due to the absence of a strong historical connection and no close relations between the two countries (as well as the geographical distance between them), there continues to be a lack of interaction between the Vietnamese and Pakistani people (not taking into account the diasporas of both communities that are present in countries such as the United States and Canada). Despite this, it is not uncommon for the two communities to cross paths as Pakistan regularly hosts a respectable amount of Vietnamese tourists and small communities of Vietnamese people and cuisine can be found in Karachi.

This film involved re-enactment as part of the story-telling structure and was a stylistic departure. In 2003, he returned to Australia and made Molly & Mobarak, a story about a Hazara refugee from Afghanistan who finds work in an Australian country town and falls in love with a local schoolteacher.Kate Nash, "Stealing Moments: Tom Zubrycki’s MOLLY & MOBARAK", Metro Magazine, Issue 165, 2011Sonia Tascon, "'I’m Falling in Your Love’: Cross-cultural Romance and the Refugee Film", Diasporas of Australian Cinema eds: Simpson, Murawska and Lambert. Intellect Press. 2009 The film secured cinema release around Australia, opened the Margaret Mead Film Festival in New York in 2003, and was screened in competition at IDFA.

Hungary was the first country to recognize Ukraine's independence. Árpád Göncz, who was president of Hungary at the time, was invited to visit the region, and a joint declaration, followed in December 1991 by a state treaty, acknowledged that the ethnic Hungarian minority had collective as well as individual rights. The treaty provided for the preservation of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious identities; education at all levels in the mother tongue; and the ethnic Hungarians' participation in local authorities charged with minority affairs.Kovrig, Bennett (2000) ‘Partitioned nation: Hungarian minorities in Central Europe’, in: Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), The new European Diasporas: national minorities and conflict in Eastern Europe, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, pp. 19-80.

Because of the potential of conflict between the homeland's national interests and the diasporas ethnic interests, and the ability of the diaspora to act independently as a deal-breaker when it feels its interests are at stake, Yossi Shain and Tamara Wittes argue for explicitly including the involved diaspora communities in any peace negotiations. Specifically, Shain and Wittes argue that the standard "two-level game" model for international peacemaking is inadequate for conflicts complicated by politically active diaspora. The original "two-level game" model, introduced in 1988 by Robert Putnam, recognizes only two levels of stakeholders as being relevant to a successful outcome, the domestic political constituencies of each state and each state's foreign negotiating counterparts.Robert D. Putnam.

Zaza Gamcemlidze, former director of Tbilisi Botanic Garden, took over the position of the Minister of Natural Resources and Nature Protection. Famous archaeologist, and already the eldest minister in the cabinet, Iulon Gagoshidze was appointed on a newly designated position of the Minister of State for Diasporas. Parliamentary elections held during Saakashvili's second term were condemned by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election monitoring mission for being marred by ballot stuffing, violence against opposition campaigners, uncritical coverage of the president and his party from the state-controlled media, and public officials openly campaigning for the president's party. On 28 October 2008, Saakashvili proposed Grigol Mgaloblishvili, Georgian Ambassador to Turkey for the premiership.

Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Balkan Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars and the Romanian Academy as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs of Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 2017 Ben-Moshe wrote, produced and directed the documentary Shalom Bollywood: The Untold Story of Jews and India's Bollywood. Danny is a Principal Research Fellow at the Centre for Citizenship and Globalisation at Deakin University in Melbourne where he specialises in diaspora and transnational studies as well as research on anti-semitism, Jewish identity and multiculturalism . He is the co-author of the book Israel, the Diaspora and Jewish Identity and his major study on comparative diasporas in Australia was launched at Parliament House in the Australian Capital in 2012. Danny has also written widely for newspapers and magazines including The Age, The Australian, The Canberra Times, and The Jerusalem Post.

Such colonizing migrations cannot be considered indefinitely as diasporas; over very long periods, eventually, the migrants assimilate into the settled area so completely that it becomes their new mental homeland. Thus the modern Magyars of Hungary do not feel that they belong in the Western Siberia that the Hungarian Magyars left 12 centuries ago; and the English descendants of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes do not yearn to reoccupy the plains of Northwest Germany. In 1492 a Spanish-financed expedition headed by Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas, after which European exploration and colonization rapidly expanded. Historian James Axtell estimates that 240,000 people left Europe for the Americas in the 16th century.

In 1990, Gabaccia initiated a world-wide research network, "Italians Everywhere" to facilitate migration study for the period 1870 to 1970 of emigration from Italy. By bringing together specialists with global expertise on a variety of locations, the network was able to evaluate the cross-cultural contribution to nation building and identity. Three edited volumes, Italy's Many Diasporas: Elites, Exiles and Workers of the World (2000) with Fraser M. Ottanelli; Women, Gender and Transnational Lives: Italian Workers of the World (2002) with Franca Iacovetta; and Intimacy and Italian Migration: Gender and Domestic Lives in a Mobile World (2011) with Loretta Baldassar have been produced as a result of the interdisciplinary collaboration of the network.

As the An Lushan Rebellion shook up the Tang court and caused its emperor to flee, Tibet overtook the entire territory of Tuyühu until internal turmoil developed within the Tibetan government and massive revolts brought an end to its rule. Through this period, the Xianbei underwent massive diasporas over a vast territory that stretched from the northwest into central and eastern parts of China, with the greatest concentrations found by Mt. Yin near Ordos. In 946, the Shatuo Turk, Liu Zhiyuan, conspired to murder the highest Xianbei leader, Bai Chengfu, who was reportedly so wealthy that "his horses had silver mangers".Molè, Gabriella, 1970, The T'u-yü-hun from the Northern Wei to the time of the five dynasties.

The official opening ceremony of the IV World Congress of World Azerbaijanis took place at the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku on June 3, 2016. More than 500 representatives and guests of different diasporas from 49 countries participated in the Fourth Congress of World Azerbaijanis. There were influential politicians, public figures, scientists and high-ranking officials from several countries, members of the parliament among the guests, who are known for their friendly relationship between foreign countries and Azerbaijan. Along with the invited guests from abroad, the 360-member delegation from various state and government structures, non-governmental organizations, representatives of science, education, culture and other creative organizations and political parties participated at the Congress.

One-third of the Hungarians became minorities in the neighbouring countries. During the remainder of the 20th century, the Hungarians population of Hungary grew from 7.1 million (1920) to around 10.4 million (1980), despite losses during the Second World War and the wave of emigration after the attempted revolution in 1956. The number of Hungarians in the neighbouring countries tended to remain the same or slightly decreased, mostly due to assimilation (sometimes forced; see Slovakization and Romanianization)Kovrig, Bennett (2000), Partitioned nation: Hungarian minorities in Central Europe, in: Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), The new European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe, New York City: Council on Foreign Relations Press, pp. 19–80.Raffay Ernő: A vajdaságoktól a birodalomig.

CBT aims to focus on the encouragement and development of emerging Filipino-Canadian playwrights/performers/multidisciplinary artists and strives to create innovative work that represents vibrant, artistic voices from both older and newer generations of Filipino-Canadians. CBT also seeks to build a larger audience within the varying diasporas in Canada by using a wide range of story-telling that includes Theatre-For-Young-Audiences, theatre based in realism/naturalism, as well as experimental works and one-act presentations. CBT is a charitable, not-for-profit organization and a former member of the Canada Council for the Arts' Stand Firm, Toronto Theatre Alliance and an affiliate member of PACT (Professional Association of Canadian Theatres).

The theorist Anthony D. Smith uses the term "ethnic nationalism" for non-Western concepts of nationalism as opposed to Western views of a nation defined by its geographical territory. Diaspora studies scholars extend this non-geographically bound concept of "nation" among diasporic communities, at times using the term ethnonation or ethnonationalism to describe a conceptual collective of dispersed ethnics. Ethnic nationalism is also present in many states' immigration policies in the form of repatriation laws. States such as Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Turkey provide automatic or rapid citizenship to members of diasporas of their own dominant ethnic group, if desired.

St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk Lithuanian Chapel () in the St. Peter's Basilica Today this holy image is venerated by Roman Catholic and Orthodox faithful of many countries whose origins lie in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and their diasporas worldwide. In Lithuania itself there are 15 churches as well as Lithuanian parishes in Montreal and Buenos Aires devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Gate of Dawn. On 26 February 2007 the parish of Our Lady of Vilnius (Aušros Vartų Parapija) was closed by the Archdiocese of New York. The sanctuary had featured an icon of Our Lady, painted by the artist Tadas Sviderskis in the 1980s.

On November 9, 2004, the Ethnic Channels Group (ECG) launched an ethnic Category 2 Specialty television service under the licence Russian TV Two issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). The channel was branded as TV Center and initially broadcast programming of a Russian satellite TV service known as Moscow - Open World (Москва — Открытый мир). That time, Moscow - Open World held the exclusive rights to bring the programming of Russian terrestrial TV network TV Center (ТВ Центр) outside Russia. However, due to a conflict between the partners, in summer 2005, TV Center launched its own international version of the channel, TVCI (TV Center International), intended for Russian Diasporas around the world.

When the attack on Pearl Harbor (Pacific War) broke out on 7 December 1941, Chokichi was arrested by the FBI as an enemy alien. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the policy of the internment of Japanese Americans living in the West Coast, not only Issei who couldn't acquire the United States nationality but also Nisei who obtained the U.S. citizenship, Japanese Americans encountered racism against Japanese diasporas and segregation. Tomo, Jiro, Ichiro and Shinobu were confined in the Manzanar internment camp, they shared one room with a gardener in California Daisuke Komiya (Takashi Sasano) and his son Hiroshi Komiya (Akiyoshi Nakao). Japanese Americans in the internment camps managed the environment of living like the toilets, the cafeterias, the schools and the farmland themselves.

ISM traces its modern roots to John R. Mott who established The Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students in 1911, which was the first national ISM in the US. Since then, and particularly since the 1950s, there has been a growth of organizations doing this mainly in Western contexts. As of 2016 there were at least 57 organizations engaged in ISM in 22 countries. Lausanne ISM Issue Network Leaders Forum, Thailand 2004In 2004, after a century of intermittent ISM growth Leiton Chinn convened a global gathering in Thailand of ISM leaders, and in 2007 he was appointed the Chair of the Lausanne ISM Issue Network. The two Lausanne Issue Groups of Diaspora and International Students then published Diasporas and International Students: The New People Next Door.

Beyond the Return, The Diaspora Initiative is the succeeding initiative to the Year of Return by the Government of Ghana not only to promote tourism and home coming of Africans and Ghanaians in the diasporas but to foster economic relations and investments from the diaspora in Africa and Ghana. It was launched by Nana Akuffo Addo in December 2019 at the Kempisnki Hotel, Accra as the Year of Return initiative was coming to a close. This initiative is a 10-year plan which falls under the theme "A Decade of Renaissance-2020-2030" The president has further requested that Ghanaians should exhibit the same excitement and commitment as shown during the Year of Return. Black Americans have also shown support to the campaign.

Culturally, the Asian century is symbolised by Indian genre films (Bollywood, Parallel Cinema), Hong Kong genre films (martial arts films, Hong Kong action cinema), Japanese animation, and the Korean Wave. The awareness of Asian cultures may be a part of a much more culturally aware world, as proposed in the Clash of Civilizations thesis. Equally, the affirmation of Asian cultures affects the identity politics of Asians in Asia and outside in the Asian diasporas. The Gross National Cool of Japan is soaring; Japanese cultural products, including TV shows, are undoubtedly "in" among American audiences and have been for years. About 2.3 million people studied the language worldwide in 2003: 900,000 South Koreans, 389,000 Chinese, 381,000 Australians, and 140,000 Americans study Japanese in lower and higher educational institutions.

Roberto Juan Rodríguez (Havana) is a Cuban-American jazz musician who is known for fusion of Latin music and Jewish Klezmer elements.Jonathan L. Friedmann Perspectives on Jewish Music: Secular and Sacred 2009 - Page 32 "It informs Roberto Juan Rodriguez, whose fusion of Cuban and klezmer musical elements create a virtual diaspora — one he describes as a world that could have happened fifty or sixty years ago with a meeting of different diasporas in Cuba, ." Although not Jewish his father's Latin band regularly played at Jewish theatre, weddings and bar mitzvahs in Miami, giving the young percussionist an interest in Jewish music.BBC Radio 3 In the 1980s he moved to New York, recording with Marc Ribot, as the drummer for Ribot's Los Cubanos Postizos, and John Zorn.

In countries outside of its borders, a foreign power often has extraterritorial rights over its official representation (such as a consulate). If such concessions are obtained, they are often justified as protection of the foreign religion (especially in the case of Christians in a Muslim state) such as the ahdname or capitulations granted by the Ottoman Sultan to commercial Diasporas residing in the Ottoman Empire. The Sultan did not see this agreement as a bilateral agreement between equals, but merely as acknowledging the nation of foreigners living within his territory and offering them privileges similar to those given to non-Ottoman subjects. However, the European states viewed the ahdname as formal and official and therefore had difficulty enforcing the privileges to their satisfaction on many occasions.

Siege and destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans. Painted c.1504 According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Rome:Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Early Settlement in Rome The Jewish Encyclopedia connects the two civil wars raging during the last decades of the first century BCE: one in Judea between the two Hasmonean brothers Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II and one in the Roman republic between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and describes the evolution of the Jewish population in Rome: Even before Rome annexed Judea as a province, the Romans had interacted with Jews from their diasporas settled in Rome for a century and a half. Many cities of the Roman provinces in the eastern Mediterranean contained very large Jewish communities, dispersed from the time of the sixth century BCE.

Hungarian Brazilians ( or ) are Brazilian citizens of full, partial, or predominantly Hungarian ancestry, or Hungarian-born people who emigrated to Brazil. Although ethnic Hungarians live in all the countries of South America, active community life and organizations exist only in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay. Even though official census data are not available, according to greatly varying local estimates, 85,000 to 100,000 Brazilians are of Hungarian descent. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, the discrepancy between estimates may originate from the fact that the Hungarian diasporas in those two countries can look back to one-and-half century of history, and the fact that the ethnic identity of the non-first generation population of Hungarian origin is already vague in many cases.

The history of disprivileged groups in Ottoman and post-Ottoman societies of the Middle East, mainly Egypt, forms the third area where Professor Toledano has worked. Here, he looked at the life lived by women, the poor, the criminals, day laborers, street entertainers, prostitutes, and the enslaved. He studied Nizami (reformed) and Sharia court records in order to tease out the social practices of such groups, and attempted to offer an interpretation that reflects the voices and actions of individuals on the margins of urban society. In this vein, he has recently edited a collection of articles on African diasporas in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean worlds, which looks at how the Africans’ enslaved pasts have affected their identity in the modern era.

Chief Ajayi was the former National Coordinator of Goodluck Support Group (GSG) USA. She congratulated His Excellency, Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR, who is now the current President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria for his doggedness in winning the 2015 presidential election; and also praised the former president, Mr. Goodluck Jonathan for his extraordinary statesmanship, godliness and courage to become the first ever incumbent Head of State in Nigeria to lose an election and wholeheartedly accepted defeat peacefully to prevent post election violence and crisis in Nigeria As a Community Activist, Chief Ajai has been lobbying the Nigerian federal government on behalf of all the Nigerians living in the diaspora in such areas as granting voting rights and approving housing scheme project for the diasporas.

Her philanthropic goodwill gestures started when she established a Fashion/Technical school for underprivileged students in Ibadan, Nigeria in 1980–1985. Chief Ajayi later on championed and advocated for One Million Goodluck Housing Programme for the Diasporas in collaboration with the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria under the DIASPORA HOUSING LOAN SCHEME. With the recent passing of the Bill establishing the Diaspora Commission, Chief Ajayi called on President Muhammadu Buhari to appoint credible individuals from the diaspora into the commission to ensure its success. Chief Temitope Ajayi and Lilian Ajayi-Ore received honorary Certificate and the Key to the City of Atlanta from the Mayor In building cultural capacity and diversity, Temitope Ajayi held the First Nigerian Valentine Dinner Party.

B. R. Publishing: 1984, p. 77. including the Dawoodi Bohras and Alavi Bohras. The Chisti Sufi tariqa utilizes their Jamatkhanas as a meeting space for conversation and counsel with the pir or teacher. The Shi‘i Bohra Ismaili communities use the term to designate their space for social gatherings and communal meals. It is customary amongst many Musta’li Ismaili communities in South Asia and their diasporas to have a Jamatkhana in the same complexes as their masjids. While the latter is the primary site for formal religious activities of the different branches of Bohra Ismailis – including the Da’udi, Sulaymani, and Alevi – the Jamatkhana acts as a site for less formalized religious gatherings, weddings, feasts and other events aligned with special days.

The Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) was a rebel group in Liberia that was active from 1999 until the resignation of Charles Taylor ended the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. While the group formally dissolved after the war, the interpersonal linkages of the civil war era remain a key force in internal Liberian politics. The group's only stated political purpose during the civil war that followed its rebellion against President Charles Taylor was to force him out of office: "Taylor must go". The group received support from Liberian diasporas in other African countries, Europe and the United States, but especially from the government of neighboring Guinea after the Taylor-supported invasion of the country in September 2000.

In international relations, it is assumed that a state, in order to act coherently in the international system, must identify what are termed its "national interest", its goals and ambitions in the economic, military or cultural domains. The formulation of policy, both domestic and international, is then straightforward, it is simply the pursuit of the nation's identified national interest. The national interest of a state usually derived from its closely linked national identity and national narrative. For ethnic homelands with diasporas, there is conflict between the national identity of the homeland and the diaspora's ethnic identity—most obvious is the state's principal concern for only the people living within its boundaries, while the diaspora's is more broadly concerned for the transnational community.

The number of Chinese people in Kazakhstan varies through the centuries. There have been various migrations of ethnic minorities from China to Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as that of the Dungan people (Hui) fleeing Qing Dynasty forces after a failed 1862–1877 rebellion in Northwest China or the Uyghur and Kazakh exodus from Xinjiang during the 1950s Great Leap Forward; however, their descendants do not consider themselves to be "Chinese people". The modern wave of migration from China only dates back to the early 1990s. As a result of centuries-old migrations from China, distinct ethnic diasporas emerged in Kazakhstan: Uyghurs – 246,449 people (2010), Dungans (Hui) – 51,577 people (2010) and Han Chinese – 3,424 people (2009).

In Western Ukraine, especially in the Hutsul region, the people first walk around the house three times, go to the stable, extend Easter greetings to the cattle, touch them with the sviachene, scatter pieces of Easter bread and salt in the manger, and send holiday greetings to the bees. Only then do they enter the house, ceremoniously open the bundle (dorinnyk) over the heads of the children, and sit down to the table to break their fast. Modern pasky usually have a white glaze made from sugar and egg and are decorated on top with coloured wheat grains or poppy seeds. However, an old custom, which is still practised in some Ukrainian regions and diasporas, is to create dough ornaments for the paska.

Members of the Agro-Joint, as well as foreign colonies and national diasporas such as the settlements they established, fell squarely within those parameters. Although the Agro-Joint was never intended as a permanent program, the swiftness and fierceness with which it was dismantled by the Soviet Regime shocked those involved, in particular, its leader Joseph Rosen whose network of internal Soviet connections fell to the purges. In total around 60 high- ranking members of the Agro-Joint staff were arrested, the bulk of which were tried and sentenced by NKVD Troikas on the grounds of being counter- revolutionaries, nationalists, or spies. Happening in conjunction with the resettlements by the Agro-Joint was the Soviet Union's attempt at giving the Jewish population a homeland.

Razilly took part in the Blockade of La Rochelle during the suppression of the Huguenot rebellion, where he commanded the blockade fleet, and lost an eye there."The Chevalier Isaac de Razilly (1587-1635), an enterprising nobleman close to Richelieu, who had commanded the royal blockade fleet at the siege of La Rochelle, and subsequently, in 1 632, occupied the Canadian region of Arcadie" in Diasporas within a diaspora: Jews, Crypto-Jews, and the world of maritime empires (1540-1740) Jonathan Irvine Israel 2002 Soon after, in 1626, he wrote pamphlets advocating commercial expansion overseas, either in Africa, Asia or America, such as his Articles pour persuader un chacun de risquer sur mer et trouver fonds pour la navigation. He submitted the memorandum to Cardinal Richelieu.

In October 2006, the Circassian organizations operating in Russia, Turkey, Israel, Jordan and several other countries with well-sized diasporas sent the president of the European Parliament a letter with a request to recognize the genocide against the Circassian people. There has been no action taken so far. Circassians have attempted to attract global media attention to the Circassian Genocide and its relation to the city of Sochi (where the Olympics were held in 2014) by holding mass protests in Vancouver, Istanbul and New York during the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. On 20 March 2010, a Circassian Genocide Congress was held in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, funded in part by the Circassian members of the Western political analysis center, the Jamestown Federation.

Edith Bruder is a French ethnologist who has specialized in the study of African Judaism and religious diasporas, new religious movements, and marginal religious societies. She is a research associate at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; a research associate at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS); and a research fellow at the Faculty of Theology’s School of Biblical Studies and Ancient Languages, North-West University, South Africa. She is President and founder of the International Society for the Study of African Jewry – ISSAJ. She is also involved in the development of research in philanthropy in Europe in collaboration with the Center for Research in Philanthropy (CerPhi) in Paris, France and the European Network on Philanthropy (ERNOP).

The reviewer for Black Enterprise wrote: "It is a landmark anthology.... Busby's first-of-a-kind anthology is a poignant reminder of how vast and varied the body of black women's writing is." It has also been called "groundbreaking in its presentation and exposure of the work of female African writers",Otosirieze Obi-Young, "Margaret Busby on Why She Began the Daughters of Africa Anthology Series and Its Groundbreaking Impact", Brittle Paper, 10 March 2019. "one of the most significant assemblages of writers across the diaspora"Carol Boyce Davies, "Women and Literature in the African Diaspora", in Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard (eds), Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World, Volume 1, Springer Science and Business Media Inc., 2005, p. 384.

Igor Zevelev has published five books and about sixty academic articles. Coming from an academic background in history and Asian studies, Igor Zevelev began his research with the topics of urbanization and development in Southeast Asia and human rights in Asian countries during the late 1980s and early 1990s. More recently Zevelev has turned to international politics and worked on Russian foreign policy, Russia–United States relations, Russia-US-China relations and international security. One of his major contributions to the fields of political science and post-Soviet studies was his single-authored book Russia and its New Diasporas (US Institute of Peace Press 2001), written during Zevelev’s stay at the United States Institute of Peace and the Wilson Center.

Harold McCarter Taylor, CBE TD (13 May 1907 – 23 October 1995) was a New Zealand-born British mathematician, theoretical physicist and academic administrator, but is best known"New Zealander Harold Taylor is best known internationally as one of the authors of the monumental three volume Anglo- Saxon Architecture (volumes 1 and 2 were co-written with Joan Taylor; volume 3 is his own)." From the abstract of "Atoms and Architecture: Harold Taylor, 1907-1995", paper by Greg Waite, Otago, for the conference "Intellectual Diasporas: Australasians and the Study of the Early European Past", University of Auckland, 1 February 2005. as a historian of architecture and the author, with his first wife Joan Taylor, née Sills, of the three volumes of Anglo- Saxon Architecture, published between 1965 and 1978.

Anti-Albanian sentiment or Albanophobia is discrimination or prejudice towards Albanians as an ethnic group, described in countries with large Albanian population as immigrants, especially Greece and Italy though in Greece the sentiment has existed mainly in the post-communist Albania era where many criminals escaped to Greece.By Russell King, Nicola Mai, Out of Albania: from crisis migration to social inclusion in Italy, pp 114Georgios Karyotis, Irregular Migration in Greece, pp. 9By Russell King, Nicola Mai, Out of Albania: from crisis migration to social inclusion in Italy, pp 21 A similar term used with the same denotation is anti-albanianismBy Michael Mandelbaum, The new European diasporas: national minorities and conflict in Eastern Europe, 234 used in many sources similarly with albanophobia, although its similarities and/or differences are not defined. Its opposite is Albanophilia.

When a large group, or occasionally a whole people or nation is exiled, it can be said that this nation is in exile, or "diaspora". Nations that have been in exile for substantial periods include the Jews, who were deported by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II in 586 BC and again following the destruction of the second Temple in Jerusalem in AD 70. Many Jewish prayers include a yearning to return to Jerusalem and the Jewish homeland. After the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, and following the uprisings (like Kościuszko Uprising, November Uprising and January Uprising) against the partitioning powers (Russian Empire, Prussia and Austro-Hungary), many Poles have chosen – or been forced – to go into exile, forming large diasporas (known as Polonia), especially in France and the United States.

Some observers have labeled evacuation from New Orleans and the Gulf Coast in the wake of Hurricane Katrina the New Orleans diaspora, since a significant number of evacuees have not been able to return, yet maintain aspirations to do so. Agnieszka Weinar (2010) notes the widening use of the term, arguing that recently, "a growing body of literature succeeded in reformulating the definition, framing diaspora as almost any population on the move and no longer referring to the specific context of their existence". It has even been noted that as charismatic Christianity becomes increasingly globalized, many Christians conceive of themselves as a diaspora, and form an imaginary that mimics salient features of ethnic diasporas. Professional communities of individuals no longer in their homeland can also be considered diaspora.

The priest of Nichpur was an incumbent who except undertook the pastoral care of Nichpur and even the villages of Rech and Shtrezmir which, as mentioned had churches, but no pastor.]" Certain Orthodox individuals from Upper Reka during this time like Josif Bageri made significant contributions to the Albanian national awakening.. "Le journal comptait un peu plus d’une dizaine de collaborateurs reguliers. Âgés de dix-sept à trente-trois ans en 1902, il s’agissait, pour Ia plupart, de chrétiens orthodoxes originaires de la region de Korçë et vivant dans la diaspora. Un musulman du Sud, en l’occurrence Midhat Frashëri, qui collaborait déjà au Kalendari Kombiar, envoyait aussi des articles à la Drita. Il incarnait en fait les liens anciens noués entre les Albanais d’Istanbul et les diasporas de Roumanie et de Bulgarie.

The Jewish diaspora in India in an area called Goa is considered one of the oldest and strongest of the Early Modern World diasporas. The migration of Jews to India can be marked by the discovery of the route to India through the South African coast by the Portuguese.Fischel, Walter J. "Leading Jews in the Service of Portuguese India." The Jewish quarterly review 47, no. 1 (1956): 37 As Walter Fischel, the author of Leading Jews in the service of Portuguese India notes “Already in 1498 there appeared in the vicinity of Goa on the island of Anjediva the first Western Jew to play a role in the Portuguese Indian history.”Fischel , 38 Prior to the diamond trade, Jews in Portugal were employed as letter carriers, translators and agents.

The first Jewish diaspora in Egypt arose in the last century of pharaonic rule, apparently with the settlement there, either under Ashurbanipal or during the reign of Psammeticus of a colony of Jewish mercenaries, a military class that successively served the Persian, the Ptolemaic and Roman governments down to the early decades of the second century C.E., when the revolt against Trajan destroyed them. Their presence was buttressed by numerous Jewish administrators who joined them in Egypt's military and urban centres.Steven Bowman, 'Jewish Diaspora in the Greek World, The Principles of Acculturation,' in Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, Ian Skoggard (eds.) Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities, Springer Science & Business Media, 2004 pp.192ff. pp.192-193.

One such Ọ̀bà-diaspora clan is that of the royal Oba'lumo lineage whose ancestor Oba'lumo founded a new city-state called Isedo. This is a separate diaspora of smaller segments from Oba although this was the only known kingdom established by Oba émigrés. A third diaspora sequence occurred in the 18th century resulting from attacks from the Nupe kingdom to the north of Oba Igbomina. Examples of Igbomina and non- Igbomina towns (in Kwara and Osun states of Nigeria) with large concentrations of people from Ọ̀bà diasporas include the following: Oke-Ila Orangun (Isedo- Oke), Ila Orangun (Isedo), Ora-Igbomina, Ipoti-Ekiti, Isanlu-Isin, Oke- Onigbin, Omu-Aran, Rore, Oyan, Inisha, Ipee, Oke-Ode, Babanla, Ajase-Ipo, Omupo, Esie, Oro, Ijomu-Oro, Iddo-Oro, Ahun, Idofin, Ado-Eku, Oreke, Sanmora and Pamo.

The abandonment of the "victim theory" by > the Austrian state and gradual admittance of the responsibility began in > 1988. Austria contributed to an existing fund of for Nazi victims, > established a new fund and for the first time in history made payments for > benefit of emigrants, and widened the scope of legally recognised victims > (in particular Gypsy and Carinthian Slovenes). These actions of the state > were prompted both by changes in Austrian society and by the unparalleled > crisis in foreign politics. During the whole Waldheim's term of office > (1986–1992) the international situation of Austria deteriorated; governments > of the US and Israel joined the pressure made by the Jewish diasporas as > they did not wanted to admit such a 'Nazi country', which had also supported > Yasser Arafat and Muammar Gaddafi, to the world political stage.

There are also dishes from Jewish communities from Ethiopia to Central Asia. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and particularly since the late 1970s, a nascent Israeli "fusion cuisine" has developed. Jewish Israeli cuisine has especially adapted a multitude of elements, overlapping techniques and ingredients from many diaspora Jewish culinary traditions. Using agricultural products from dishes of one Jewish culinary tradition in the elaboration of dishes of other Jewish culinary traditions, as well as incorporating and adapting various other Middle Eastern dishes from the local non-Jewish population of the Land of Israel (which had not already been introduced via the culinary traditions of Jews which arrived to Israel from the various other Arab countries), Israeli Jewish cuisine is both authentically Jewish (and most often kosher) and distinctively local "Israeli", yet thoroughly hybridised from its multicultural diasporas Jewish origins.

Kal Ho Naa Ho continued the trend set by Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) in which Indian family values are always upheld, regardless of the country of residence. Social and cultural analysis professor Gayatri Gopinath (author of Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures) noted how the film asserts "the essential Indianness" of its characters, and the entry of Aman Mathur gives them a sense of pride in their identity as Indians. This is seen when Aman helps overcome Jennifer Kapur's financial constraints by turning her café into an Indian restaurant and replacing the American flag with the Indian tricolour. In Postliberalization Indian Novels in English: Politics of Global Reception and Awards, Maria Ridda compares the film with Kuch Kuch Hota Hai because both films depict the internalisation of Western ideologies into Indian culture.

On some occasions, ethnic Russian communities, such as Lipovans who settled in the Danube delta or Doukhobors in Canada, emigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority. After the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the Bolshevik regime, and millions became refugees. Many white émigrés were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regime. Lipovans in the Danube delta Today the largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside Russia live in former Soviet states such as Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (about 3.8 million), Belarus (about 785,000), Latvia (about 520,000) with the most Russian settlement out of the Baltic States which includes Lithuania and Estonia, Uzbekistan (about 650,000) and Kyrgyzstan (about 419,000).

Contemporaneously the sign appeared throughout the Buddhist and Hindu diasporas as a symbol of inner perfection. Ethologist Desmond Morris posits that the joined thumb-and-forefinger communicates precision in grasping something literally or figuratively, and that the shape formed by their union represents the epitome of perfection—a circle—hence the gesture's transcultural message that things are "exactly right" or "perfect". In Naples the gesture has been long used to symbolize love and matrimony, as was custom in neighboring Greece, but specifically with the palm upturned, while the gesture made with a downturned palm represents a hand holding the scales of justice. Across Italy the gesture remained in use as one for making points in conversation when moved about to express discursive precision, but when held still in an upright position with fingers jutting skyward, it became an emblem of perfection.

Beyond this list, a variety of other national, separatist, sub-national, ethnic, and diaspora teams have been formed; these teams often play in international tournaments against each other, and in some cases in unsanctioned friendly games against FIFA members. The Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA), was founded with the aim of regularising non-FIFA international football, by having a two- year international tournament cycle, with the ConIFA World Football Cup in even numbered years, and continental tournaments in odd-numbered years. This developed the work of the now-defunct N.F.-Board (Nouvelle Fédération-Board), founded in 2001. ConIFA aims to help unrecognised national teams gain recognition, but also to provide a platform for representative teams of regions or diasporas, which do not have a place in a system of international football based on nation-states.

Mask; wood coloured with kaolin; by Punu people from Gabon; Musée du quai Branly (Paris) Statuette; 19th-20th century; by Mambila people from Nigeria; Musée du quai Branly Ndop of king Mishe miShyaang maMbul; 1760-1780; wood; 49.5 x 19.4 x 21.9 cm (19 x 7 x 8 in.); Brooklyn Museum (New York City). Ndops are royal memorial portraits caverd by the Kuba people of Central Africa. They are not naturalistic portrayals but are intended as representations of the king's spirit and as an encapsulation of the principle of kingship African art describes the modern and historical paintings, sculptures, installations, and other visual culture from native or indigenous Africans and the African continent. The definition may also include the art of the African diasporas, such as African American, Caribbean or art in South American societies inspired by African traditions.

Today's city contains the religious monuments the Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca, the Synagogue of El Transito, Mosque of Cristo de la Luz and the church of San Sebastián dating from before the expulsion, still maintained in good condition. Among Ladino-speaking Sephardi Jews, in their various diasporas, the family name Toledano is still prevalent – indicating an ancestry traced back to this city (the name is also attested among non-Jews in various Spanish-speaking countries). In the 13th century, Toledo was a major cultural centre under the guidance of Alfonso X, called "El Sabio" ("the Wise") for his love of learning. The Toledo School of Translators, that had commenced under Archbishop Raymond of Toledo, continued to bring vast stores of knowledge to Europe by rendering great academic and philosophical works in Arabic into Latin.

Early Zionist pioneers were impressed by the fact that the calendar preserved by Jews over many centuries in far-flung diasporas, as a matter of religious ritual, was geared to the climate of their original country: the Jewish New Year marks the transition from the dry season to the rainy one, and major Jewish holidays such as Sukkot, Passover, and Shavuot correspond to major points of the country's agricultural year such as planting and harvest. Accordingly, in the early 20th century the Hebrew calendar was re-interpreted as an agricultural rather than religious calendar. After the creation of the State of Israel, the Hebrew calendar became one of the official calendars of Israel, along with the Gregorian calendar. Holidays and commemorations not derived from previous Jewish tradition were to be fixed according to the Hebrew calendar date.

The field of diaspora politics does consider modern diasporas as having the potential to be transnational political actors. While the term "transnationalism" emphasizes the ways in which nations are no longer able to contain or control the disputes and negotiations through which social groups annex a global dimension to their meaningful practices, the notion of diaspora brings to the fore the racial dynamics underlying the international division of labor and the economic turmoil of global capital. In an article published in 2006, Asale Angel-Ajani claimed that "there is the possibility within diaspora studies to move away from the politically sanitized discourse that surrounds transnational studies". Since African diaspora studies have focused on racial formation, racism, and white supremacy, diaspora theory has the potential to bring to transnationalism "a varied political, if not radical political, perspective to the study of transnational processes and—globalization".

56 The old Moldavian see of Bacău was itself abolished as a result. The Wallachian one was subordinated to the Bishop of Nikopol (later, of Rousse) for the following century."Nicopolis", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913 In 1792–1793, Bishop Paulus Davanlia left Rousse to live with the Franciscans in Bucharest (who had set up an important center at the Bărăţia)."Bukarest", in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913 In addition to the local presence, the Danubian Principalities became home to communities of Catholic diasporas: in Bucharest, Ragusan traders were first mentioned Bucharest during the 16th century, followed, around 1630, by Italian stonemasons;Giurescu, p.62, 269, 273 later, the Wallachian capital was settled by groups of Hungarians, Poles (a presence notable after the 1863 January Uprising forced many to take refuge in Romania), and French people (see History of Bucharest).

A thief in law (, ), in the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet states, and respective diasporas abroad is a specifically granted formal and special status of "criminal dignitary" (kriminalny avtoritet), a professional criminal who enjoys an elite position among other notified mobsters within the organized crime environment and employs informal authority over its lower- status members. The phrase "Thief in Law" is a rudimentary, word-by-word translation of the Russian slang phrase "вор в зако́не", literally translated as "a thief in [a position of] the law", that can have two meanings in Russian: "a legalized thief" and "a thief who is the law". Note that Vor came to mean "thief" no earlier than the 18th century, before that it meant "criminal" (and it still means that in the professional criminal argot). Each new Vor (thief) is vetted (literally "crowned", with respective rituals and tattoos) by consensus of several Vory.

In 1973 he became a Reginald H. Smith Fellow, selected with 2000 other U.S. law school graduates to work as community Lawyers across the U.S. for various legal aid societies. He was a member of the U.S. Ghanaian diasporans who went to Ghana in 2005 to lobby Ghana Parliament for the passage of Representative of the People's Amendment Act 699' (ROPAA) which gave the right of Ghana diasporas to vote in Ghana's general elections and referenda from their places of residences, in 2005. In Dec 17 2008 he and five other plaintiffs from U.S successfully sued and won, at Accra High Court of Human Rights against the Electoral Commission of Ghana the right of Ghana diaspora to vote in 2020 general elections. He also drafted the necessary Regulations (Constitutional Instrument) for its implementation by the National Electoral Commission of Ghana (NEC) which failed to implement them.

He suggests that one element of this expansion in use "involves the application of the term diaspora to an ever-broadening set of cases: essentially to any and every nameable population category that is to some extent dispersed in space". Brubaker has used the WorldCat database to show that 17 out of the 18 books on diaspora published between 1900 and 1910 were on the Jewish diaspora. The majority of works in the 1960s were also about the Jewish diaspora, but in 2002 only two out of 20 books sampled (out of a total of 253) were about the Jewish case, with a total of eight different diasporas covered. Brubaker outlines the original use of the term diaspora as follows: > Most early discussions of the diaspora were firmly rooted in a conceptual > 'homeland'; they were concerned with a paradigmatic case, or a small number > of core cases.

Bard, author of 2010 book The Arab Lobby and a former editor of the "Near East Report", a weekly newsletter published by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, writes that "from the beginning, the Arab lobby has faced not only a disadvantage in electoral politics but also in organization." Academics Ali A. Mazrui and Nabeel A. Khoury have also written about the virtual non- existence of an Arab lobby in America.See Ali A. Mazrui, “Between the Crescent and the Star Spangled Banner: American Muslims and U.S. Foreign Policy,” International Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3 (July 1996), 493-506; Nabeel A. Khoury, “The Arab Lobby: Problems and Prospects,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Summer 1987), 379-396; Andrea Barron, “Jewish and Arab Diasporas in the United States and Their Impact on U.S. Middle East Policy,” in Yehuda Lukacs and Abdalla M. Battah, eds.

Since 1998, courts have found that six men misrepresented their wartime activities and could have their citizenship revoked although this was not done because the evidence was circumstantial and insufficient. Another seven people subject to deportation or citizenship-revocation procedures have died. Despite calls for an investigation into Soviet war criminals in Canada (former members of the NKVD, SMERSH and KGB, of whom several self-identified and remained in Canada without repercussion) no such inquiry was ever held. More recently documentary evidence has emerged from declassified Soviet-era archives confirming that the Soviets deliberately sowed discord between the Jewish and Ukrainian diasporas - Operation Payback - in order to thwart any common front emerging between these communities, precasting this divisiveness by provoking the formation of the OSI (Department of Justice) in the USA and the Deschenes Commission in Canada Deschenes Commission confirmed war criminal numbers 'grossly exaggerated'.

Boyce Davies is a leading authority on Black women writing cross-culturally. Her book Black Women Writing and Identity: Migrations of the Subject (Routledge, 1994) is a study of Black women's writing, broadening the discourse surrounding the representation of and by Black women and women of color. It explores a complex set of interrelated issues, establishing the significance of such wide-ranging subjects as: re-mapping, renaming and cultural crossings; gender, heritage and identity; African women's writing and resistance to domination; marginality, effacement and decentering; gender, language and the politics of location. She also edited the Volumes One and Two of Moving Beyond Boundaries: International Dimensions of Black Women's Writing (with Molara Ogundipe-Leslie) and Black Women’s Diasporas, a major contribution to our understanding of the issues, experiences, and concerns of Black women writing in different communities and in a wide range of geographic contexts.

The ancient Ọ̀bà kingdom produced a series of diasporas which influenced several other Igbomina and non-Igbomina Yoruba kingdoms and towns. The earliest diaspora from the ancient Oba civilization is constituted by the five towns in Yorubaland with the name "Oba" (not to be confused with the differently pronounced Oba, a river in Yorubaland): two in Osun State, Oba-Ile near Ikirun, Oba-Oke near Ikirun adjoining Oba-Ile; one in Kwara State Oba-Igbomina - generally called Oba without the Igbomina or the historically recent Isin tag; and two in Ondo State, Oba-Ile near Akure, and Oba-Akoko. Although none of these is the original Oba, but that they are diaspora settlements of Oba people from the more ancient Oba. Several of the clans that migrated away from the ancient Òbà kingdom retained oratures which refer to their ancestry from the ancient Ọ̀bà.

Ethnicity rather than class bcame the new criteria of traitor. If the Russians had been deemed model citizens, then non-Russians with traditional homelands or significant diasporas outside the USSR were seen as potential traitors and were targeted in a number of repressive operations that culminated in the Great Terror. First on the list were Soviet citizens of German, Polish and Japanese origin as well as nationally conscious Ukrainians. Between August 1937 and November 1938, the Soviet regime sentenced more than 335,000 people who had been arrested as part of the "nationality operations", 73% were executed. By 1939, the USSR had long ceased to regard Ukrainians living in Poland as a bridgehead to promoting world revolution, but with the rise of Germany treated them as well as Ukrainians living in the USSR as a potential threat to the USSR in the event of a German invasion. After the German dismantlement of Czechoslovakia in 1939, its eastern region declared independence as Transcarpathian Ukraine.

In September 1998, RDR formed a coalition called The Union of Rwandese Democratic Forces (UFDR) with the Democratic Forces for Resistance (FRD) and the Initiative Group for Reconciliation (GID). UFDR remained convinced that any lasting solution to the war in the DRC, which, unfortunately, stems from the Rwandan Civil War, would never end without finding an acceptable solution to all conflicts in other countries of the Great Lakes region, and in Rwanda in particular. In an attempt to create a new platform for cooperation between opposition parties and other associations representing interests of the Great Lakes population, RDR organised a Forum on Peace, Security, Democracy and Development in the Great Lakes Region with the Burundian, Congolese and Rwandan diasporas in Amsterdam between 26 and 28 November 2004. In April 2006, RDR and other parties in and outside the UFDR coalition (FRD, ADR, AJIIR and RDR) initiated the creation of a United Democratic Forces (FDU).

No. 2 Korean Middle School Contemporaneous sources estimated the Jewish population in China in 1940—including Manchukuo—at 36,000 (source: Catholic Encyclopedia). Jewish life in Shanghai had really taken off with the arrival of the British. Mizrahi Jews from the Middle East came as traders via India and Hong Kong and established some of the leading trading companies in the second half of the 19th century. Later, after World War I, many Ashkenazi Jews came from Europe. Rebbe Meir Ashkenazi (Chabad-Lubavitch) was the Chief Rabbi of Shanghai (1926–1949). At the early 20th century many Russian Jews fleeing pogroms in several towns in Russian Empire decided to move to northeast China for permanent settlement (Rabbi Aharon Moshe Kiselev served in Harbin from 1913 until his death in 1949). After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many White Russians, fled to Harbin (former Manchuria). These included, among others, Dr. Abraham Kaufman, who played a leading role in the Harbin Jewish community after 1919,Encyclopedia of Diasporas.

Military aid from diasporas to their homelands can be vital in period of violent conflict. Military aid offered by a diaspora, according to Shain, can varying from fundraising in support of military purchases, directly supplying weapons, or serving "as a source of recruits." Shain cites the example of the military fundraising of the Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora communities in the United States in response to the 1998-2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian War, the eventual result of which was hundreds of millions of dollars in arm purchases by their respective homelands Shain quotes from the account of Jesse Driscoll of Georgetown University: :"The energy and organization of the Eritrean diaspora, however, was simply overpowering... With none of the credibility baggage of the [ruling regime in Ethiopia], Eritrea called upon its wealthy and energetic... diaspora.... The fundraising efforts of President Isaias Afewerki in the United States have reached legendary status among those who following the conflict."Driscoll, Jesse. 2000.

When the war erupted, the American Polonia created the Polish Central Relief Committee to help with the war effort, although ethnically Polish volunteers arrived in France from all Polish diasporas at the same time numbering over 90,000 soldiers eventually. The Entente responded in kind by recognizing the Polish National Committee formed in France (led by Dmowski) as Poland's interim government, with Wilson's written promise (issued on 8 January 1918) to recreate a sovereign Polish state after their victory. Poland's long-term occupier, Tsarist Russia, got out of the war, overrun by the Bolsheviks who signed a treaty in Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918, which was voided after Imperial Germany was overthrown in November 1918 and the successor revolutionary government surrendered in the 11 November 1918 armistice. Komitet Narodowy Polski (Polish National Committee) sanctioned by France and other Western Allies as a provisional Polish government in Paris, 1918 The Blue Army was formally merged into the Polish Army after the Armistice between the Allies and Germany.

Anthropological work on remittances appears to be divided into two streams: one based on overseas diasporas of migrants (primarily in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia) and the other from urban areas to rural (primarily in Africa). While both are interested in the relationships among migrants and remittance recipients, the transnational work tends to approach financial remittances as a key source of support for rural households in the sending countries while the other focuses on monetary remittances as gifts, and on the intentionality of gift giving in maintaining relationships. All share a focus on the exchange within relationships, within the context of a household, family, kinship, community or other social network. Within the transnationalism framework, Jeffrey Cohen and Dennis Conway have detailed a debate in which remittances are treated as either sources of development (for example by funding water infrastructure projects in sending communities) or dependency (by perpetuating a cycle migration and remittances to maintain households and communities).

Soimaud's career spans 25 years; the main mediums for his work include charcoal drawing, oil painting, and photography. Largely self-taught, Soimaud cites influences from Impressionism, Les Nabis, Abstract Expressionism, and Dada. A top Miami art critic, Elisa Turner, said about his work, “With a rare gift for evoking the soul of street life at the fringe of fabulous wealth, his [Soimaud's] art documents the grit and groan of tough neighborhoods.” Soimaud's work draws inspiration from the settings he places himself into, be they a small village in South America, or the ugly truths of urban life; his work speaks honestly to the experiences of those he meets. “His broad life experiences are reflective in his work, which mostly focuses on life in the downtrodden communities of the African Diasporas around the world.” His latest projects focus on chronicling the underbelly of Miami, as well as featuring aspects of Haitian culture, including symbolism linked to Vodou ceremonies and the large Haitian community in Miami.

Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:York University faculty Category:Canadian historians Distinguished Research Professor, Department of History, York University, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Founding Director of the Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on Africa and its Diasporas at York University, and Canada Research Chair in African Diaspora History (2000-2015). Member of the UNESCO “Slave Route” Project (1996-2012) and General Editor of The Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora (Africa World Press). Co-editor of the journal, African Economic History for 37 years. Published forty books, including The Atlantic and Africa: The Second Slavery and Beyond (2020), with Dale Tomich, Slavery in the Global Diaspora of Africa (2019), Slavery, Resistance and Abolitions: A Pluralist Perspective (2019), with Ali Moussa Iye and Nelly Schmidt, Jihad in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions (1775-1850) (2016), Slavery, Commerce and Production in West Africa: Slave Society in the Sokoto Caliphate.

A group of diaspora activists were awarded to the Order of Glory and Taraggi medal for their contribution to the solidarity of the World Azerbaijanis by order of the Azerbaijani President. The essence of the decisions taken, the overall progression of the discussions and the achieved results confirm the solid foundation of sustainable political solidarity among World Azerbaijanis, and the ideology of Azerbaijanism has a great influence on the whole nation as a national concept that can unite all Azerbaijanis, without depending on their social status, political views, beliefs and outlook. The issue of together activity strategy of the Azerbaijani and Turkish diasporas, their discussions at the congress and special provisions were included in the resolution and regarded as a great achievement. The coordinating of activities of the Azerbaijani and Turkish diaspora organizations and the systematic implementation of cooperation in this field are one of the main tasks of the new stage.

Basque Mexicans (Spanish: vasco-mexicanos or simply vasco, Euskara: euskal- mexikar) are Mexicans of full, partial, or predominantly Basque ancestry, or Basque-born persons living in Mexico. Seen in Mexico by the whole Euskalerria concept, Basque descendants can be from Navarre, Euskadi or Iparralde. It is one of the most important and numerous groups of European people in Mexico and one of the biggest Basque diasporas in the world. Basques can be found in every corner of Mexico, including names of cities and regions such as: Arriaga in Chiapas, Durango a State, Aramberri in Nuevo León, Reynosa and Laredo in Tamaulipas, Arizpe in Sonora, Bernal in Queretaro or Narvarte neighbourhoods in Mexico City, and even dating by the colonial times, Arizona has its name for being and extension of the New Navarre in the province of Sonora, and least not mention in California, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Oregon, Texas, and elsewhere of the Western U.S. is the Basque American familial link with Basques in Mexico.

The Ìsẹ̀dó clans retain references in their oratures to their ancestry from Ìsẹ̀dó and the ancient Ọ̀bà kingdom, and citing their descent from King Ọba'lúmọ̀ of Ìsẹ̀dó and King Olunlakin of Ọ̀bà as well as nostalgically referring to themselves as "children of the great wealth" of Ọ̀bà. Other examples of Igbomina and non-Igbomina towns (in Kwara and Ọṣun states of Nigeria) with large concentrations of Ọ̀bà people, now commonly called 'The Ọ̀bà Diaspora', include the following: Oke-Ila Ọrangun, Ila Ọrangun, Ọra-Igbomina, Ipoti-Ekiti, Isanlu-Isin, Oke-Onigbin, Omu-Aran, Rorẹ, Ọyan, Inisha, Ipee, Oke-Ode, Babanla, Ajasẹ-Ipo, Omupo, Esiẹ, Oro, Ijomu-Oro, Iddo-Oro, Idofin, Ado-Eku, Oreke, Sanmora, and Pamo. The Ìsẹ̀dó clans appear to be the earliest surviving [but perhaps not the only] group in 'The Ọ̀bà Diaspora' that purposefully set out and founded a surviving kingdom ruled by the king Ọba'lumọ. Subsequent Ọ̀bà-derivative kingdoms and diasporas appear to have resulted solely from refugee flights from wars and slave raids.

Jones 2010, pp. 150–51: ‘By the beginning of the First World War, a majority of the region’s ethnic Greeks still lived in present-day Turkey, mostly in Thrace (the only remaining Ottoman territory in Europe, abutting the Greek border), and along the Aegean and Black Sea coasts. They would be targeted both prior to and alongside the Armenians of Anatolia and the Assyrians of Anatolia and Mesopotamia… The major populations of "Anatolian Greeks" include those along the Aegean coast and those in Cappadocia (central Anatolia), but not the Greeks of the Thrace region west of the Bosphorus… A "Christian genocide" framing acknowledges the historic claims of Assyrian and Greek peoples, and the movements now stirring for recognition and restitution among Greek and Assyrian diasporas. It also brings to light the quite staggering cumulative death toll among the various Christian groups that were targeted for genocide… of the 1.5 million Greeks of Asia minor—Ionians, Pontians, and Cappadocians—approximately 750,000 were massacred and 750,000 were exiled.

Fuseli's 1781 painting The Nightmare is thought to be a depiction of a hypnopompic hallucination These mental experiences are indeed often deeply damaging: across cultures, the experience of hypnopompic hallucinations are strongly related to "visitations of spirits, demons or other grotesque creatures belonging to traditional folklore". Thus, in the Anglosphere, hypnopompic experiences often entail the sense that an "Old Hag" or some similar "nocturnal spirit" is sitting on the sleeper’s chest, inducing both paralysis and an increasing, suffocating inability to move. Anthropologists have discovered references dating back to the High Middle ages of similar figures in Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman traditions, most prominently the "mæra" from the name of which figure we derive the word "nightmare", and which appears to have roots in ancient Germanic superstitions. Similarly, subjects belonging to Yoruban-African diasporas report feeling as though they are being "ridden" by the evil manifestations of their versions of the African pantheon (ridden is the vernacular for possession by the gods, who are often referred to as "divine horsemen").

Azoulay is also known for his historical input in the follow-up of the peace process in the Middle East and the many initiatives he has been involved in the perspective of deepening the logic of reconciliation between Jews and Muslims. In addition to his professional responsibilities André Azoulay has always fought for peace and dialogue between the Arab Muslim World and that of the Jewish communities in Europe, the United States, Morocco as well as the Arab, Berber and Jewish diasporas worldwide. For over 40 years, Azoulay has taken an active part in supporting the activities of different movements and associations whose vocation is the two-state solution (Palestine and Israel) and to help the process of better understanding and mutual respect between Islam and the Western World. President of the Executive Committee of the Foundation of the Three Cultures and the Three Religions based in Seville (Spain) he is one of the founders of the Aladin Group (Paris) created to promote mutual knowledge and intercultural relations among Muslims and Jews.

There are also differences among Crimean Tatars as to what the goals of the diaspora and the national movement should be and how to reach those goals, leading to a lively internal politics, as in other flourishing diasporas of the 1990s. However, the Crimean Tatar diaspora to be unified in recognizing the legitimacy of Crimean Tatar National Assembly (Qurultay) in Crimea, and recognizes Mustafa Abdülcemil Qırımoğlu as their leader in taking the major decisions concerning the fate of the nation. The diaspora is also in agreement with the leadership of Cemiloğlu with respect to non-violent political struggle for the restitution of the rights of the deported Crimean Tatars within the framework of respect for the territorial integrity of Ukraine. For the diaspora, the restitution of Crimean Tatar sovereignty seems to be replaced by a contemporary agenda related to how to mobilize political and economic resources for the return of the remaining Crimean Tatars from their places of deportation to homeland and for the recognition of Crimean Tatar political rights by the Ukrainian and Crimean authorities.

Salti's involvement with film programming started at the Théâtre de Beyrouth, an independent cultural space in the post-war Beirut. She organized several cultural events, such as "Image Quest," the first film and video festival in postwar Lebanon (with Moukhtar Kocache) (1995), "For a Critical Culture," a tribute to Edward Said (1997), "50, Nakba and Resistance," a series of events that commemorated Nakba in Palestine (1998), and two editions of Home Works at Ashkal Alwan. Between 2004–10, Salti worked as the film programmer and creative director of ArteEast in New York. In 2005, she became the director of CinemaEast Film Festival in New York, focusing on the Middle East, North Africa, and their diasporas. Her projects include 10th Sharjah Biennial (co- curated with Suzanne Cotter and Haig Aivazian), Sharjah (2011), Mapping Subjectivity: Experimentation in Arab Cinema from the 1960s until Now (co- curated with Jytte Jensen) at MoMA, New York (2010–12), and The Road to Damascus (co-curated with Richard Peña) at the Film Society at Lincoln Center and other venues in Africa and the Middle East (2006–08).

In 2010 he was mentioned as “perhaps the most prolific scholar in the discipline (of International Relations) on the issue of Diasporas.” Outside the academy he has been involved in many projects and served on national and international committees related to corruption, national security and Diaspora, migration policies and Government reform. He worked with NGOs in Israel, the U.S., the U.K., Mexico, and Armenia, and served for three years as President of the Israeli Local Government Conference. His scholarly awards includes: the American Political Science Association’s Helen Dwight Reed Award (for the best dissertation in International Relations), International Fulbright Award, Israel’s Alon Fellowship for distinguished young scholars and the Erasmus Mundus award by the EU. He received grants and awards from the French and German governments for his work on nationalism, ethnicity, and Diaspora politics, from the SSRC, the Bradley Foundation and from the Center for Democracy (in Washington). Shain’s latest book The Language of Corruption and Israel’s Moral Culture appeared in Hebrew in 2010 and received national acclaim (English edition forthcoming).

Another early example of national law recognizing the Right of Return was the French constitution of 1791, enacted on 15 December 1790: :the freedom of everyone to go, to stay, or to leave, without being halted or arrested unless in accordance with procedures established by the Constitution. The constitution put an end to the centuries-long persecution and discrimination of Huguenots (French Protestants). Concurrently with making all Protestants resident in France into full-fledged citizens, the law enacted on December 15, 1790 stated that: :All persons born in a foreign country and descending in any degree of a French man or woman expatriated for religious reason are declared French nationals (naturels français) and will benefit to rights attached to that quality if they come back to France, establish their domicile there and take the civic oath. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and expulsion of the Huguenots had taken place more than a century earlier, and there were extensive Huguenot diasporas in many countries, where they often intermarried with the population of the host country.

The 24-hour English Channel currently has seven independently produced programs with a focus on news, language, culture, and education, and aims to promote awareness in Chinese culture to Americans both in and out of the Chinese diasporas, collaborating with the stations CCTV, International Channel Shanghai (ICS) and Beijing TV. In addition to cooperative production on some shows, English Channel sometimes directly airs programs from CCTV, ICS and Beijing TV. SinoVision Chinese Channel also airs its English programs Cosmo Times and W.E. Talk. SinoVision's news anchors and hosts include: Deng Shuang (邓爽), Tan Lin (谭琳), Hou Youxing (侯又兴), Yu Yao (俞尧), and Zhu Tian (朱甜). Tan Lin, also known as Lin Tan, is also the host of SinoVision's talk show, "New York Lounge" (纽约会客室). "Living in NY" (安家纽约), SinoVision's real estate show, is hosted by Chen Dong (陈东). “Live coverage from Wall Street”(直击华尔街）, SinoVision's financial show, is hosted by Faye Chen(陈菲菲）.

The National Forum Aidgylara (, Unity) is a socio-political movement in Abkhazia. It was founded during Perestroika as the ethno-nationalist movement representing the Abkhaz people. Aidgylara's founding congress took place on 13 December 1988 in the building of the Abkhazian State Philharmonic Orchestra, where the writer Alexey Gogua was elected its first Chairman. On 18 March 1989, Aidgylara organised the mass gathering at the historical meeting place of Lykhny that demanded from the Soviet leadership the reversal of Abkhazia's 1931 Stalin-era incorporation into Georgia and restoration of full Republic status. In 1989, Aidgylara also started publishing two newspapers, the eponymous Aidgylara and Edineniye, as well as the regional publication Bzyb in Gudauta District. On Aidgylara's initiative, the founding congress of the Assembly of the Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus was held in Sukhumi on 25 and 26 August 1989. Aidgylara's second congress was held on 3 February 1990, it elected Sergei Shamba to succeed Gogua as Chairman, as well as a board of 51 members. On 31 May 1990, Aidgylara and the Assembly of Mountain Peoples organised a mass rally in Sukhumi, attended by 30000 people, including members of the Abkhazian and Circassians diasporas from Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Germany and the United States.