Diapasons or principals represent the characteristic sound of the pipe organ. They are not intended to imitate any other instrument or sound. They are medium-scaled and are often prominently featured in the façades of pipe organs, often painted and decorated. Diapasons appear throughout the entire range of the instrument, from 32′ pitch to 1′ pitch (not including mixtures), a range of nine octaves.
|
|
He saw the sections of a voluntary as interchangeable, sometimes indicating after an introduction: "follow this with any fugue". The manuscripts often have detailed registration marks, with first movements played on diapasons and second voluntaries marked "Full Organ", followed by a fugue for full organ. Most of his compositions have a seriousness of purposefar from the frivolity suggested by the reaction of the congregation in Hackney.
|
|
For his 1607 opera L'Orfeo, Claudio Monteverdi lists duoi (two) chitaroni among the instruments required for performing the work. Musicians originally used large bass lutes (c. 80+ cm string length) and a higher re-entrant tuning; but soon created neck extensions with secondary pegboxes to accommodate extra open (i.e. unfretted) longer bass strings, called diapasons or bourdons, for improvements in tonal clarity and an increased range of available notes.
|
|
Flue pipes generally belong to one of three tonal families: flutes, diapasons (or principals), and strings. The basic "foundation" (from the French term ) sound of an organ is composed of varying combinations of these three tonal groups, depending upon the particular organ and the repertory being played. The end of the pipe opposite the mouth may be either open or closed (also known as Gedackt or stopped). A closed pipe sounds an octave lower than an open pipe of the same length.
|
|
The seven-string guitar never became as widely accepted in Europe as the six- string instrument, but a number of composers did produce a significant body of work for the seven string. French guitarist Napoleon Coste (1805–1883) composed works with a seven-string guitar specifically in mind. The Italian guitarist Mario Maccaferri (1899–1993) was a celebrated advocate of bass strings (diapasons or bourdons) and also composed for the instrument. By contrast, in Russia the seven-string guitar became widely popular, and entire schools of playing were developed around its use.
|
|
Plans were made for, among others, a Stentor division, a section of high-pressure diapasons and reeds. It was to be installed on the fifth floor, above the String Division, and would be playable from the sixth manual. However, it was never funded, and the sixth manual is now used to couple other divisions or play various solo voices from other divisions that are duplexed to this keyboard.The Philadelphia Chapter of the American Guild of Organists lists all the stops on the organ and mentions the unrealized Stentor division.
|
|
The theorbo was developed in Italy, and so has a rich legacy in Italian music as both a solo and continuo instrument. Caccini comments in Le nouve musiche (1602) that the theorbo is perfectly suited for accompanying the voice as it can give a very full support without being obscured by the vocalist, indicating the beginning of an Italian tradition of monodic songs accompanied by theorbo. Italians called the theorbo's diapasons its “special excellence”. Italians viewed the theorbo as an easier alternative to the lute since the general attractiveness of its sound quality can cover over indifferent playing and lazy voice leading.
|
|
He is best known as a member of the Trio Hantaï, where he plays alongside his brothers Marc (traverso) and Pierre (harpsichord). In 2018, he founded the Duo Gordis-Hantaï with the harpsichordist Lillian Gordis. He additionally records and tours as a fortepianist and gamba player and founded and directs the viol consort, Spes Nostra (formerly the Ensemble Jérôme Hantaï) and the Trio Almaviva. He has recorded music of Marin Marais, W.A. Mozart, and Joseph Haydn for Naïve, Virgin Veritas, Musicales Actes-Sud, and most recently, Mirare and received numerous prizes, including two Diapasons d’Or and a Choc du Monde de la musique.
|
|
He started his employment at John Stringer and Co in Hanley. Later he progressed to become head voicer at Brindley & Foster in Sheffield. In 1885 he formed the partnership Lowe and Keates with Edwin Lowe, but this was short-lived, being dissolved on 8 October 1888, and in 1889 he formed his own business, based in a premises on Charlotte Road in Sheffield, which built some 90 new organs and also some restorations. He was influenced by the German organ builder, Johann Friedrich Schulze, and adopted his style in the manufacture of Diapasons, which give Keates organs their distinctive tone.
|
|
In 2015, she was invited to spend three years as an artist in residence at the Chapelle Musicale Reine Elisabeth in Waterloo, as well as for the Singer- Polignac Foundation. She has performed at the Philharmonie de Paris, Musikverein in Vienna, KKL Luzern, Basel Casino, Dijon Opera, Flagey in Brussels, Teatro Colón Buenos Aires, Kennedy Center Washington. Here recordings have been mentioned in mainstream media. Recordings made in 2018 for the Claves Records label include concertos from A. Khachaturyan and K. Penderecki and received 5 diapasons, 5 Classica stars as well as the Clef du mois ResMusica Award.
|
|
A stop of diapason type may or may not actually be labelled "Diapason". The "Diapason" label is most commonly used in English and American-style organs, whereas the same type of stop is known as a "Prinzipal" or "Principal" on German-style organs, and for French organs they would typically be called "Montre" (literally on "Display" - i.e. the pipes at the front of the organ case) or "Prestant" ("standing in front" - Latin ). Furthermore, diapasons at pitches higher than 8′ pitch (pronounced 8 foot, referring to the length of the resonator part of the longest pipe of the stop) are often labelled with other names.
|
|
The theorbo is played much like the lute, with the left hand pressing down on the fingerboard to vary the resonating length of the strings (thus playing different notes and making chords, basslines and melodies playable) while the right fingertips pluck the strings. The most significant differences between theorbo and lute technique are that theorbo is played with the right thumb outside the hand, as opposed to Renaissance lute which is played with the thumb under the hand. Additionally, the right hand thumb is entirely responsible for playing the bass diapasons and rarely comes up onto the top courses. Most theorbists play with the flesh of their fingers on the right hand, although there is some historical precedent from Piccinini, Mace, and Weiss to use nails.
|
|
A Brazilian seven-string guitar Soulezza 7 String Guitar The seven-string guitar adds one additional string to the more common six-string guitar, commonly used to extend the bass range (usually a low B) or also to extend the treble range. The additional string is added in one of two different ways: by increasing the width of the fingerboard such that the additional string may be fretted by the left hand; or, by leaving the fingerboard unchanged and adding a "floating" bass string. In the latter case, the extra bass string lies next to the existing bass strings, but free of the fingerboard in similar fashion as the archlute and theorbo. Such unfrettable bass strings were historically known as diapasons or bourdons.
|
|
In 2014 he recorded the Godfather Theme for Sony as part of the anniversary celebrations of the classic films. Jonathan Freeman-Attwood has produced well over 200 commercial discs for many of the world's most prestigious independent labels including Naxos, BIS, Chandos, Hyperion, Harmonia Mundi USA, Channel Classics and AVIE. His productions have won major awards, including several ‘Diapasons d’Ors’, eight Gramophone awards and numerous nominations over the last twenty years with artists such as Rachel Podger, the Cardinall's Musick, Trevor Pinnock, Phantasm, I Fagiolini, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and Daniel-Ben Pienaar, and various leading cathedral choirs, including St Paul's Cathedral and Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. He produced Gramophones ‘Record of the Year’ in 2010 – the final volume of William Byrd's complete Latin Church Music for Hyperion.
|
|
One octave needed 100 different pitches to play in 19 different keys. triple diatonic (9/8) (10/9) (16/15) (9/8) (10/9) (9/8) (16/15) C D e F G a b C C D e (F7) G A b C (9/8) (10/9) (21/20) (8/7) (9/8) (10/9) (16/15) double diatonic The 1849 organ was described being capable of playing eleven musical (major) keys from the ordinary keyboard in pure intonation by furnishing multiple pipes for each physical key, with foot pedals operating intermediate levers inserted into the tracker works to switch between pairs of pallet valves furnished for each note. The inventors described great benefits due to the tuning - they even claim it stayed in tune better - and argued how these balanced its greater size (up to 8 feet wider) and reduction in loudness compared with instruments of similar cost and number of pipes. They estimated one having "two Diapasons, the Trumpet, the Oboe, the Dulciana, the Flute and the Clarabella, in perfect tune" to cost between $4000 and $5000, and one third more if a Great Organ was desired.
|
|