Craveiro is a Portuguese surname meaning "carnation flower" (Dianthus caryophyllus).
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Carl Linnaeus described the carnation in volume one of his Species Plantarum in 1753, giving it the name Dianthus caryophyllus, Although originally applied to the species Dianthus caryophyllus, the name carnation is also often applied to some of the other species of Dianthus, and more particularly to garden hybrids between D. caryophyllus and other species in the genus.
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Peronospora dianthicola is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew on leaves of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). The disease is of minor importance, whether in commercial production or gardens. If necessary, it can be controlled by foliar sprays of fungicides.
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Structures of avenanthramides Avenanthramides (anthranilic acid amides) are a group of phenolic alkaloids found mainly in oats (Avena sativa), but also present in white cabbage butterfly eggs (Pieris brassicae and P. rapae), and in fungus-infected carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).Chu Y. (2014). "Oats nutrition and technology". (1 edition).
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Dianthus caryophyllus, commonly known as the carnation or clove pink, is a species of Dianthus. It is probably native to the Mediterranean region but its exact range is unknown due to extensive cultivation for the last 2,000 years.Med-Checklist: Dianthus caryophyllusFlora Europaea: Dianthus caryophyllusBlamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe.
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Chang, N. 1982. The Alternaria leaf-spot of Dianthus caryophyllus L. Journal of Plant Protection. The spores of A. dianthi germinate optimally around 24 °C (75 °F), and cannot germinate below 4 °C (40 °F) or above 32 °C (90 °F). The fungus has been cultured on simple media such as potato dextrose agar, and does not need Dianthus tissue to germinate.
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There are usually two generations per year, but a partial third generation may occur in the southern part of the range. The larvae feed on various plants and have been recorded on Acer, Eupatorium, Helianthus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Helianthemum, Hypericum perforatum, Rhododendron, Trifolium, Sassafras, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium thurberi, Fragaria, Prunus persica, Rosa and Citrus species. They feed from within a shelter constructed of tied or folded leaves. Feeding may cause damage to blossoms or fruit.
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RNE, 1981 During Mrs J.T. Walker's regime at Rosemont all visitors came away with bunches of her lovely carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus cv's) or roses. She carried on the tradition of both the old gardens at Rosemont and Wallaroy, whose designers planted with such skill.Griffiths, 1949, 135 In 1949 Rosemont was the home of Mr and Mrs Charles Lloyd Jones.Griffiths, 1949, 134 By 1923 Charles Mackellar had resigned most of his business appointments as health and memory deserted him.
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He corresponded with Carl Linnæus, and helped by experiments to establish the existence of sex in plants. In 1717 he was the first person to scientifically produce an artificial hybrid, Dianthus Caryophyllus barbatus, known as "Fairchild's Mule", a cross between a Sweet william and a Carnation pink. He introduced Pavia rubra, Cornus florida, and other plants. In 1722 he published the small book The City Gardener, devoted to a description of the trees, plants, shrubs, and flowers which would thrive best in London.
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Chemogenetics is the process by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. Chemogenetics as a term was originally coined to describe the observed effects of mutations on chalcone isomerase activity on substrate specificities in the flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus. This method is very similar to optogenetics; however, it uses chemically engineered molecules and ligands instead of light and light-sensitive channels known as opsins. In recent research projects, chemogenetics has been widely used to understand the relationship between brain activity and behavior.
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Dianthus caryophyllus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing up to tall. The leaves are glaucous greyish green to blue-green, slender, up to long. The flowers are produced singly or up to five together in a cyme; they are around diameter, and sweetly scented; the original natural flower color is bright pinkish- purple, but cultivars of other colors, including red, white, yellow, blue and green, along with some white with colored striped variations have been developed. The fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers have a radial symmetry.
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There are four to six generations per year in California. Larvae have been recorded on a wide range of plants, including Albizia, Medicago sativa, Amaranthus, Malus, Aster, Persea americana, Phaseolus, Rubus, Vigna unguiculata, Dianthus caryophyllus, Apium graveolens, Trifolium, Beta vulgaris, Zea mays, Cotoneaster, Gossypium, Ribes, Cyclamen, Chrysanthemum, Eucalyptus, Gardenia, Pelargonium, Ginkgo, Vitis, Poaceae, Packera, Juniperus, Chenopodium album, Citrus x limon, Malva, Citrus, Mentha, Prunus persica, Arachis, Pyrus, Capsicum, Pinus, Ambrosia, Rosa, Portulaca grandiflora, Citrus maxima, Sorghum bicolor, Glycine max, Citharexylum spinosum, Actinidia arguta, Solanum lycopersicum, Juglans regia, and Taxus. It is considered a serious pest of greenhouse plants and vineyards. Feeding damage to grape leads to bunch-rot, resulting in crop losses amounting to 80%.
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Today the garden contains approximately 10,000 plant species, including unusual collections of annual plants (about 800 species) and wild plants from Saxony and Thuringia. It contains geographically arranged sections of plants from Asia, North America, etc., including the unusual Quercus phellos as well as Corydalis nobilis, Hamamelis, rhododendrons, magnolias, and so forth; a systematic section; an alpine garden collecting a variety of European high mountain plants, including gentian (Gentiana), species of saxifrage (Saxifraga), Dianthus caryophyllus, numerous cruciferous plants and primroses; and a garden that contains poisonous, curative, and medicinal plants. The garden also contains five greenhouses of about 1,000 m² total area, containing some 3,000 species, as well as an aquatic greenhouse for Victoria cruziana and plants from tropical America including Ananas comosus, Tillandsia usneoides, Theobroma cacao, epiphytic bromeliads, etc.
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