"There have been outreach programs, but a deradicalization program is very different from a deradicalization camp," Mr. Gokhale said.
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Only the word used in connection with jihadists is deradicalization.
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Deradicalization strategies, including Prevent and DDP, have been much criticized.
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According to the Rand Corporation, deradicalization programs have had mixed results.
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For 10 years, I've studied terrorist deradicalization initiatives around the world.
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"I find that term" — deradicalization — "particularly inappropriate," Mr. Philippe said Friday.
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Rawat's talk of 'deradicalization camps' for Kashmiri children is simply despicable.
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But deradicalization experts have questioned Australia's capacity to provide sufficient help.
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India has put some deradicalization programs in place, particularly when governments were trying to stifle the growth of ISIS, but the country "does not have a dedicated deradicalization policy," said Pant, the expert from King's College.
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Once behind bars, he refused to follow deradicalization programs, the officials added.
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"Deradicalization" efforts need to see the root beneath each individual subcultural bush.
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In 2009, Khayre was ordered to take part in a deradicalization program.
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A return to Guantanamo Bay policies without deradicalization will put that in jeopardy.
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China has called criticism of its policies in Xinjiang groundless smears of deradicalization efforts.
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Caleb Cain, who recently launched his own deradicalization project, modeled after Bonnell's debates, moderates.
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India needs a deradicalization strategy and has been unable to come up with it.
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"Deradicalization is a process which spans years; it is akin to an addiction," Dow explains.
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A bulwark against Kurdish advances Deradicalization is just a part of a highly complex battlefield.
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"Kashmir is a political issue — it needs a political resolution, not deradicalization camps," he said.
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Saudi Arabia, too, has had success with a softer and community-driven approach to deradicalization.
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"Let me throw that question back to you," he responded when asked about deradicalization programs.
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"Women often come out successful from deradicalization program, but they struggle in the community," Akilu said.
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The start of Koehler's career coincided with a worldwide proliferation of deradicalization programs aimed at jihadis.
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It is these desires, and the helplessness they often stem from, that deradicalization efforts must address.
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"The way the government is facilitating the development of deradicalization programs is bound to fail," Gallant said.
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Deradicalization is the common question on educators' minds, but some say steps need to be taken preemptively.
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Deradicalization programs targeted only at men are bound to fail; their female relatives must also be included.
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The Party justifies these facilities on deradicalization grounds and asserts that Islamic extremists must be rehabilitated ideologically.
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In the UK, the UK's Home Office provides deradicalization support to equal numbers from both groups of extremists.
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The court invited in Daniel Koehler, founder of the German Institute on Radicalization and Deradicalization Studies in Berlin.
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"Although it seems that they are obedient, it's a survival mechanism," he said of the students undergoing deradicalization.
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Three of the UK&aposs most recent terror attacks were conducted by people who were on "deradicalization" programs.
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Not a one-offInvolving community development and life coaching in the deradicalization process also worked well in Malaysia.
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"The deradicalization field globally is more or less completely free of any working standards, which is insane," Koehler says.
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Under the false pretext of deradicalization, China's largest province has quietly become the largest outdoor prison in the world.
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"Our target has shifted over the years from deradicalization to disengagement," the late Professor Sarwono told me last November.
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Other measures include providing more financial support to deradicalization programs and groups that foster democracy and fight anti-Semitism.
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The Chinese government has repeatedly denied the centers are being used for anything other than vocational training and deradicalization.
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Here&aposs why deradicalization can work as a counter-terror measure if it&aposs done in the right way.
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In 2000 he founded both the German Institute on Radicalization and Deradicalization Studies and the peer-reviewed Journal for Deradicalization, two enterprises that have allowed him to sift through mountains of case studies to discern the mechanics by which seemingly normal teens and twentysomethings can be coaxed into committing acts of terror.
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Then, for two years, he'll have to publicly advocate against hate and perhaps work with deradicalization groups for white supremacists.
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But US judges and politicians would be wise to temper their expectations about how much deradicalization can accomplish, and how quickly.
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Some governments, including Saudi Arabia, have helped to facilitate the return of former ISIS members, putting them through programs of deradicalization.
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The future of deradicalization in the US could well depend, then, on how effectively Yusuf is able to tell his own story.
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We have fought Daesh through the promotion of moderation, and through a deradicalization program that has had a 90 percent success rate.
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Those determined to be militants are often imprisoned, or can surrender to a military-run "deradicalization" program, which has about 900 participants.
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Saket Gokhale, a civil rights activist in Mumbai, said this was the first he had ever heard of deradicalization camps inside India.
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"To understand why the Kingdom's (deradicalization) program has worked to date is to understand Saudi society," observed Saudi-based journalist Rob Wagner.
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For a long time, the majority of research and deradicalization efforts surrounding extremism were hyper-focused on the threat of Islamic terrorism.
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Shuaib later said his comments in the interview were taken out of context and were part of a broader discussion about deradicalization strategies.
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Information about such violence is censored and incomplete, but incidents appear to have fallen off sharply since 2014, when the "deradicalization" push began.
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"He could have gone along with the foreseeable decline in governmental interest in deradicalization, but instead he decided to push it further," he said.
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In national news, a federal judge in Minnesota has been considering psychological "deradicalization" programs as an alternative sentence to prison for would-be terrorists.
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The program has been hampered by bureaucratic infighting, as some experts have advocated enlisting ultra-orthodox, nonviolent Islamic activists and scholars in deradicalization efforts.
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He also praised the effectiveness of the country's deradicalization efforts, saying that Xinjiang had not experienced any violence of three years because of them.
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This is especially so here as, unlike many other nations that have prison deradicalization programs, Canada does not have rehabilitation programs specifically for terrorists.
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The children of those who tried to reach Syria to fight get even less time at the deradicalization center — only a month or two.
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In Germany there&aposs Exit for neo-Nazis, or Hayat for Islamic extremists, and in Minnesota there&aposs the Terrorism Disengagement and Deradicalization Program.
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Indeed, it is extremely hard to find data for people who went through deradicalization schemes but then went on to commit terror offences regardless.
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A deradicalization program in Spanish prisons focusing on changing a terrorist&aposs ideology failed in 2016, serving as an example of the "hard" approach.
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All the available evidence suggests that deradicalization can work, especially when "soft" community-driven tactics are used to reintegrate those back into normal society.
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Bjørgo's ideas were the catalyst for a series of pioneering deradicalization programs throughout Europe, all aimed at far-right extremists who wanted to reinvent themselves.
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The final decision on whether Yusuf would be allowed to continue working with the Minnesota deradicalization program, however, would be entirely up to Judge Davis.
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Irfan Idris, the head of deradicalization at Indonesia's national counter-terrorism agency, blamed weak laws and bureaucracy for the lack of action against such schools.
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Before his latest arrest, Jesse was a public-relations boon for law enforcement, partly because his deradicalization narrative was largely uncritical of law-enforcement tactics.
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Last week, the Xinjiang government issued amended rules for its "deradicalization" program that for the first time gave clear public authorization for the indoctrination camps.
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Experts say "hard" deradicalization schemes do not work as well as "soft" tactics, and some critics say governments like the UK unfairly targets Islamic communities.
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How can law enforcement and intelligence communities know who is at risk to re-offend, and how effective are deradicalization programs at preventing further violence?
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In October of 2015, Davis sent his chief probation officer, Kevin Lowry, to the UK and Germany to meet with a slew of prospective deradicalization partners.
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The fact that deradicalization is still in its experimental phase suggests that it will have few, if any, advocates at the highest levels of American government.
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Some fighters have even been turning themselves in to the Nigerian military, which has offered amnesty if they agree to take part in a "deradicalization" program.
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Last week, apparently stung by the international criticism, the Xinjiang government issued revised rules on "deradicalization" that for the first time clearly authorized the indoctrination camps.
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Saudi Arabia's prison deradicalization program, implemented in 2004, is known for its rigorous approach that includes lectures, counselling, and social supports for offenders when they're released.
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Beijing has strongly denied allegations of human rights abuses at the camps, which it says are "vocational training centers" with a focus on deradicalization and counterterrorism.
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Comprehensive deradicalization measures aren't possible at the moment, the commander explains: "We had to withdraw some of our guards because of the Turkish offensive against us."
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As he immersed himself in the challenge of figuring out what makes jihadis tick, he also became keen to learn how other deradicalization organizations approach their work.
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"We live in difficult times, the terror threat is high, the police are overstretched," he said during a visit to a center for the deradicalization of Islamists.
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"I think that deradicalization — religious guidance from an authentic, certifiable imam with command over issues of Islamic law — would be the proper course of actions," he said.
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"I don't recall anything (about deradicalization camps)," said Harsh Pant, professor of international relations at King's College, London, and an expert on Indian defense strategy and policy.
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Deradicalization is a controversial counter-terror measure where terrorists, or those believed to be at risk of radicalization, get counselling to change or reject their extremist views.
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Davis discovered that numerous nations, from Denmark to Indonesia, have developed methods for nudging young men and women back from the extremist brink—a process known as deradicalization.
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In keeping with Koehler's dim view of Warsame's potential for deradicalization, the judge sentenced him to 30 months in prison, even though he had testified for the government.
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"A structured and systematized strategy" is needed to combat this occurrence, he warned, adding that his country is currently deploying various methods of deradicalization, surveillance and early detection.
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The children had not chosen to go to Syria, she said, adding that the family was open to reintegration or deradicalization programs if the government deemed them necessary.
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Mental health and deradicalization experts agreed that community and family support — in particular, the stability provided by the children's grandmother — were the most important factors in their resocialization.
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The University of Maryland psychologist has helped turn terrorist psychology into an in-person, empirical discipline, administering studies in prisons in the Philippines and deradicalization centers in Sri Lanka.
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By 2016, the Communist Party's main newspaper declared that the "deradicalization" campaign was succeeding; no serious acts of antigovernment violence had been reported since Mr. Xi's visit to Xinjiang.
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General Rawat made the suggestion about sending Kashmiris to deradicalization camps at an international affairs conference in New Delhi attended by government officials, foreign diplomats, business executives and scholars.
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Other experts who work on deradicalization in the UK have previously told VICE News that it's common for radicalized young women to bring other young women into the fold.
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It's because of his prominence that Koehler's name was mentioned so often in the materials that Judge Davis gathered during his hunt for a deradicalization model to emulate in Minnesota.
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Yet, the fact is that in certain regions of the UK, more referrals to the Prevent strategy's deradicalization program, Channel, have been of far-right extremists rather than Islamist extremists.
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At a School for Suicide Bombers' Children, Dancing, Drawing and Deradicalization Amid fears of an ISIS renewal, Indonesia is trying to keep extremism from being passed to the next generation.
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"Time will prove whether its genuine deradicalization and a departure from the past or whether it's based on political expediency," add the resident who did not wish to be identified.
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One of the three studies released by Correctional Service Canada in 2014 about violent extremists in federal prisons urges the department examine "effective disengagement and deradicalization strategies" for radicalized offenders.
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His madrasa, the only one in Indonesia to receive significant government support for deradicalization work, can teach just 25 militant-linked children at a time, and only through middle school.
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A "soft" community approach to deradicalization in Denmark in 2013 saw startling results, Der Spiegel reported, one which led counter-terror experts the world over to visit and take notes.
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The relative novelty of so-called deradicalization programs means opinion is divided over their effectiveness; Laila Ali, spokesperson for UNICEF in Iraq which supports such services, says rehabilitation is "absolutely possible".
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Determining which returnees are truly no longer threats will be tricky, but deradicalization programs in Europe in particular are yielding data that can help us build the right psychological assessment tools.
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The true value of deradicalization may be in what it signals to marginalized populations rather than in its ability to directly rescue hundreds of young people from the clutches of extremism.
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China claims the camps are "vocational education centers" and an important part of its deradicalization strategy, but former detainees claim to have been tortured and report having seen people die there.
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Daniel Koehler, director of the German Institute on Radicalization and Deradicalization Studies, wrote in a 2017 paper that the practice of deradicalizing someone is un-standardized, and therefore littered with dangers.
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Further, partnering with Saudi Arabia on their deradicalization program might also prove beneficial for Iraqi, Syrian, and other Arab country family members -- although it would have to be significantly scaled-up.
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In a 220 book that is often hailed as the founding text of deradicalization, Bjørgo detailed how neo-Nazis can muster the psychological strength to turn their backs on their brutal pasts.
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Even before he took the witness stand in Davis' courtroom, Koehler had already been contacted by agencies, including the FBI and the Department of Justice, looking to learn more about deradicalization training.
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READ: How teachers are fighting white nationalists brainwashing their students But in the months since, Schoep has publicly disavowed his neo-Nazi views and now touts himself as an expert on deradicalization.
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Ais, who is being identified by her nickname (pronounced ah-iss) to protect her privacy, is now part of a deradicalization program for children run by the Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs.
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A course reversal by the Trump administration would signal unreliability and possibly lead the Saudi Arabian government to hesitate before engaging in future repatriation talks, which could in turn hinder deradicalization efforts.
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"The fact that a person is in a deradicalization program could make security officials and people in his community less vigilant, blinding them to his continued danger," he wrote, without giving examples.
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Mr. Saidi's more sober outlook about deradicalization — which he said was shaped by conversations with inmates jailed on terrorism charges — was echoed by a report released last month by two French senators.
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The trial has raised questions about the effectiveness of government deradicalization programs, after it emerged that Hassan had been involved in such initiatives for more than a year, hiding his plans from counsellors.
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"Faced with the grave challenge of terrorism and extremism, China has undertaken a series of counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures in Xinjiang, including setting up vocational education and training centers," the letter read.
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"Faced with the grave challenge of terrorism and extremism, China has undertaken a series of counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures in Xinjiang, including setting up vocational education and training centers," the letter said.
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The government said it also plans to boost deradicalization measures in prison, introduce a minimum 14-year term for the most serious terror offenders and increase funding to police to deal with terrorism.
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He said that in some areas where the security forces were battling armed groups, such as the Maoist belt in central India, the military ran deradicalization programs including community visits and vocational training.
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In early April, spokesperson Brigadier General Rabe Abubakar told the BBC 800 Boko Haram fighters who recently surrendered would be put in camps and taught new skills as part of a deradicalization initiative.
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The Indonesian government has floated plans to repatriate citizens from the war-torn country, and enrol them in deradicalization programs, but concerns remain they may bring violent, extremist ideology or combat skills with them.
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Traditional models of deradicalization involve prison-based activities, such as individual counseling with psychologists, group therapy sessions and regular meetings with religious scholars attempting to "undo" the ideological damage of life in such groups.
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From the bottom-up, not top-downExperts Business Insider spoke to this week said that "hard" top-down government deradicalization tactics like DDP don&apost work, but that "soft" community schemes yield better results.
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Her skepticism of the Saudis' "deradicalization programs" also was prescient, considering the Mohammed bin Nayef Center for Counseling and Care, where Islamic radicalism is allegedly purged, but whose graduates have a high rate of recidivism.
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Of the 1,400 radicals who underwent deradicalization counselling between 2003-2008, only 45 were later re-arrested, Christopher Boucek, a former associate at the Carnegie Middle East Program studying the Saudi model, wrote in 2008.
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He said cases like Khan — who had been held up as a model of successful rehabilitation — highlighted the risks posed by this group, some of whom would resist any attempts at deradicalization despite outward appearances.
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Davis was aware that if he was going to take a political risk by offering leniency to the young Somalis in his court, he'd need to present deradicalization as something rooted in evidence, not just optimism.
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Reaching that point requires substantial resources, however: Koehler believes that each client needs at least four mentors plus an "intervention coordinator" and that full deradicalization can be achieved only after a matter of years, not months.
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That effort was seen as a failure after a deradicalization center, opened by officials in the Loire region in 2016, wound up taking in only nine people for 25 slots, all of whom were soon gone.
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The judge became intent on starting the first laboratory for deradicalization in the US; he just needed to find an expert he could trust, someone with a proven track record of liberating young minds from violent extremism.
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The London Bridge knife attacker from Friday&aposs incident, Usman Khan, previously claimed in a letter that he wanted to attend a deradicalization course while he was serving a prison sentence for terrorism related charges in 2012.
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Koehler's frustration with the improvisational nature of many programs inspired him to delve deeper into research on deradicalization: He wanted to use the scientific method to ascertain which techniques yield reliable results and which are just folk cures.
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George Salines, whose daughter was killed at the Bataclan has reached out to mothers of jihadists and tried to understand why their children went to Syria, and how victims of terrorism might be able to help in deradicalization.
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The Australian minister for home affairs did not respond to requests for comment, and deradicalization and trauma programs contacted by The New York Times said that working with children in this situation was not their area of expertise.
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Anyone intrigued by Minnesota's promise must also understand that, despite plenty of encouraging anecdotes from former neo-Nazis and jihadis in Europe, there is still little quantitative proof that deradicalization programs can weaken extremist movements over the long term.
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In March 2017, the regional government issued "deradicalization" rules that gave a vague green light to expanding the internment camps, but the national parliament never enacted a law authorizing the detentions as would be required by the Chinese constitution. .
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NEW DELHI — India's top military commander has created shock waves by suggesting that Kashmiris could be shipped off to "deradicalization camps," which rights activists consider an alarming echo of what China has done to many of its Muslim citizens.
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In areas where we should have been able to cooperate, like transportation security, safeguarding special events like the Olympics and countering terrorist propaganda, Russia's sclerotic bureaucracy and general lack of interest (especially with issues like deradicalization) made progress impossible.
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So far some 200 Indonesians who tried to join ISIS have been sent back by Turkish authorities, some 60 percent of them women and minors, and if there ever was a target population for a deradicalization program, this is it.
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The released girls will face severe challenges, said Fatima Akilu, a psychologist who used to run a government deradicalization program for Boko Haram members and worked on a plan for reintegrating the Chibok girls in the event of their rescue.
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Daniel Koehler, director of the German Institute on Radicalization and Deradicalization Studies, told VICE News that the closest precedent was the shooting of a German student political leader in 1968, causing injuries which resulted in his death 11 years later.
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Today, Xinjiang's restive nature has become a key challenge for the CCP, which has harnessed its deradicalization programs as instruments of pacification in a larger effort to remake Xinjiang in its own image for commercial purposes as well as ideological ones.
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The conservative compromises that initially stabilized this new order—reinstitutionalized racial and gender hierarchies, coercive deradicalization of labor, private administration of the incomplete welfare state—also left it riddled with contradictions, ultimately producing its decay into neoliberalism in the 1970s.
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The wife of a Boko Haram commander, 25-year-old Aisha, was among 70 women and children who in February finished a nine-month deradicalization program, having being captured by the army in a raid on the militants' Sambisa forest base last year.
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Even if there were reams of peer-reviewed data that attested to the long-term efficacy of deradicalization, the concept would be an extremely tough sell in a nation in which slowly enunciating the phrase "radical Islamic terrorism" is a proven vote-winner.
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"Faced with the grave challenge of terrorism and extremism, China has undertaken a series of counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures in Xinjiang, including setting up vocational education and training centers," the letter said, according to Reuters, which saw a copy of the letter.
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"The hangover of the CAA and NRC agitation which revealed information about detention centers for 'aliens', something denied by the Indian government, has obviously had a psychological effect too; hence, the high level of sensitivity at the mention of 'deradicalization camps'," wrote Hasnain.
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The deceased London Bridge knife attacker Usman Khan wrote a letter in 2012 asking to take part in a deradicalization course while he was serving a prison sentence for terrorism related charges, according to ITV, which obtained a copy of the letter.
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"Living in conditions that are difficult and being surrounded by people who are highly radical — is that conducive to deradicalization?" said Elizabeth Tsurkov, a fellow at the Forum for Regional Thinking who researches Syria and Iraq, and who has visited the camp twice recently.
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In the face of criticism aimed at "hard" deradicalization tactics from experts and academic like those cited above, as well as allegations of profiling from the Muslim community, the UK government launched an independent review into Prevent, which is due to begin in December 2019.
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Some research into deradicalization has suggested that young children either born or brought into ISIS territory should be primarily viewed as victims, while a more complex approach might be required for children who were old enough to fully understand or engage with the militants' ideology.
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In addition to running his research institute from his home in Stuttgart, he has spent much of the past two years as a globe-trotting consultant: He has advised officials in Belgium, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Canada on how to set up deradicalization programs.
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The ministry's stance appears at odds with what political sources and a retired army general have said is a plan proposed by the military's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) to 'mainstream' some Pakistan-based anti-Indian militant groups as part of deradicalization efforts by bringing them into politics.
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Mr. Sadat, who is the nephew of the former Egyptian president and has been one of the few dissenting voices inside the legislature, calling for the establishment of a deradicalization and rehabilitation program for prisoners and questioning what effects the government's human rights abuses will have on radicalization.
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And since extremism isn't a problem that will vanish once the Islamic State is defeated, having deradicalization programs in place will help the authorities prepare for the next threat to emerge; a threat that could just as easily come from the far right as from the world of violent jihadism.
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"Those with more radical thinking can also hold religious sermons on a regular basis and it is very easy to convey radical ideas to others," said Farihin, a former militant who participated in a government deradicalization program during his time in a prison in Palu on the island of Sulawesi.
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"When they go home on their smartphones, they're watching this weird heretic stuff" Ismael Lea South is the director of a deradicalization programme known as the Salam Project, which works with young Muslims in the south Manchester neighborhoods around where Abedi lived – although the bomber never came into his orbit.
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While no nation has yet developed a large-scale, tried-and-true model for detention — to say nothing of deradicalization, which remains an elusive goal — Mr. Neumann, the radicalization expert, said that those that have developed a more sophisticated approach have found that it often requires labor-intensive, case-by-case tailoring.
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" All those in the centers who were studying Mandarin Chinese, law, vocational skills and deradicalization have "graduated" and found stable employment, Zakir said, adding that others such as village officials, farmers and unemployed high school graduates continue to enroll on a rolling basis in programs that allow them to "come and go freely.
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